Dataset Card: OceanTACO

Dataset Summary

This dataset is a multi-source collection of global ocean sea surface measurements, integrating numerical model reanalysis, L4 gap-filled products, L3 satellite observations, and in-situ data. The collection includes sea surface height (SSH), temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), wind speed, and other variables.

The L3 SWOT data has been processed onto a consistent regular grid through irreversible interpolation and coordinate transformation, constituting a Derivative Work from the original AVISO+ source products. This processing removes the original swath/pixel structure and creates a fundamentally different data representation.

Dataset Format

• Format: TACO and NetCDF-4 files

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Licensing Information

License for This Dataset

This derived dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This is made possible by the permissive terms of the underlying data sources, which allow for the creation and redistribution of Derivative Works for any purpose, including commercial use.

Users of this dataset must also comply with the attribution requirements of the underlying source data providers (see Mandatory Attribution section below).

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Underlying Source Licenses

Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS)

All included Copernicus products are used under the Licence to Use Copernicus Marine Service Products. This license provides a worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free right to:

• Make copies for internal use and backup
• Modify, adapt, develop, create and distribute Value Added Products or Derivative Works for any purpose (scientific, operational, commercial)
• Redistribute products in their original form

Full license: CMEMS Service Commitments and Licence

AVISO+ (SWOT L3 Data)

Used under the AVISO+ License (Issue 19, February 2024). Key terms:

• Permitted: Creation and distribution of Derivative Works for any purpose, including commercial use
• Prohibited: Redistribution of AVISO+ products in their original form
• This dataset qualifies as a Derivative Work because the SWOT L3 data has been irreversibly modified through regridding onto a new coordinate system, removing the original pixel/swath structure

Full license: AVISO+ License

International Argo Program

Argo data are freely available without restriction. However, acknowledgement is requested when data are used in publications or products.

More information: Acknowledging Argo

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Mandatory Attribution & Citations

Per the legal requirements of the source providers, any use of this dataset must include the following acknowledgments.

1. Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS)

Required Statement:

"Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information"

Product DOIs included in this collection:

Parameter	Product ID	Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Reanalysis (GLORYS)	GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_001_030	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021
L4 SSH	SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L4_MY_008_047	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148
L4 Temp	SST_GLO_SST_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_010_011	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00168
L4 SSS	MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_S_SURFACE_MYNRT_015_013	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00051
L4 Wind	WIND_GLO_PHY_L4_MY_012_006	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00185
L3 Altimetry (MY)	SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L3_MY_008_062	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00146
L3 Altimetry (NRT)	SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L3_NRT_008_044	https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00147
L3 SST	SST_GLO_PHY_L3S_MY_010_039	https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00329
L3 SMOS SSS	MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_SSS_L3_MYNRT_015_014	https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00368

2. AVISO+ (SWOT Data)

Required Statement:

"Generated using AVISO+ Products"

Bibliographic Citation:

AVISO/DUACS, 2024. SWOT Level-3 KaRIn Low Rate SSH Basic (v3.0) [Data set]. CNES. https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/A01-2023.017

3. International Argo Program

Required Statement:

"These data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (https://argo.ucsd.edu, https://www.ocean-ops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System."

Bibliographic Citations:

For the Argo dataset:

Argo (2000). Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC). SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/42182

For scientific publications, also cite:

Wong, A. P. S., et al. (2020), Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats, Frontiers in Marine Science, 7(700). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00700

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Example Attribution

When using this dataset, please include an acknowledgement similar to:

"This work uses the OceanTACO dataset, which was generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information and AVISO+ Products. Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (https://argo.ucsd.edu, https://www.ocean-ops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System."

For academic publications, please also cite the relevant DOIs listed above.

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Technical Notes on Derivative Work Status

The SWOT L3 data included in this dataset has undergone the following irreversible transformations that qualify it as a Derivative Work under the AVISO+ license:

1. Coordinate transformation: Original swath-based coordinates converted to a regular lat/lon grid
2. Spatial interpolation: Data resampled using binned linear interpolation
3. Structure modification: Original pixel/pass structure removed; data reorganized by time and geographic location

These modifications mean the original AVISO+ data cannot be reconstructed from this dataset.

Dataset User information

L3 SWOT Data

Phase	Dates	Repeat	A fixed bounding box looks like
Calibration	2023-03-29 – 2023-07-10	1 day	Swath is in the same place every day mosaics look identical
Orbit change	2023-07-11 – 2023-07-25	—	No swot data published
Science	2023-07-26 – 2025-08-02	21 days	Swath moves daily sparse data across globe

BibTeX Citations

Copernicus Marine Service Products

@misc{CMEMS_GLORYS_reanalysis,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis (GLORYS)}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00021},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021},
  note         = {GLOBAL\_MULTIYEAR\_PHY\_001\_030}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L4_SSH,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Gridded L4 Sea Surface Heights and Derived Variables Reprocessed}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00148},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148},
  note         = {SEALEVEL\_GLO\_PHY\_L4\_MY\_008\_047}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L4_SST,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/mds-00321},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00321},
  note         = {SST\_GLO\_PHY\_L4\_NRT\_010\_043}
}

 @misc{copernicus_sst_l4,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  author       = {{Met Office}},                                                                                                                                                                             
  title        = {Global Ocean OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Reprocessed},                                                                                                                       
  year         = 2025,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  url          = {https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_010_011/description},                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00168},                                                                                                                                                                       
  publisher    = {Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service},
  type         = {Dataset},
  version      = {v2025.10.28}
}        

@misc{CMEMS_L4_SSS,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Multi Observation Products Sea Surface Salinity}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00051},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00051},
  note         = {MULTIOBS\_GLO\_PHY\_S\_SURFACE\_MYNRT\_015\_013}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L4_Wind,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Wind L4 Reprocessed}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00185},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00185},
  note         = {WIND\_GLO\_PHY\_L4\_MY\_012\_006}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L3_Altimetry_MY,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Along-Track L3 Sea Surface Heights Reprocessed}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00146},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00146},
  note         = {SEALEVEL\_GLO\_PHY\_L3\_MY\_008\_062}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L3_Altimetry_NRT,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Along-Track L3 Sea Surface Heights Near Real Time}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00147},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00147},
  note         = {SEALEVEL\_GLO\_PHY\_L3\_NRT\_008\_044}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L3_SST,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean SST L3S Observations}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/moi-00164},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00164},
  note         = {SST\_GLO\_SST\_L3S\_NRT\_OBSERVATIONS\_010\_010}
}

@misc{CMEMS_L3_SMOS_SSS,
  author       = {{E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)}},
  title        = {{Global Ocean Multi Observation Products SMOS Sea Surface Salinity L3}},
  year         = {2024},
  publisher    = {Marine Data Store (MDS)},
  doi          = {10.48670/mds-00368},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00368},
  note         = {MULTIOBS\_GLO\_PHY\_SSS\_L3\_MYNRT\_015\_014}
}

AVISO+ SWOT Data

@misc{AVISO_SWOT_L3,
  author       = {{AVISO/DUACS}},
  title        = {{SWOT Level-3 KaRIn Low Rate SSH Basic}},
  year         = {2024},
  version      = {3.0},
  publisher    = {CNES},
  doi          = {10.24400/527896/A01-2023.017},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/A01-2023.017}
}

Argo Program

@misc{Argo_GDAC,
  author       = {{Argo}},
  title        = {{Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC)}},
  year         = {2000},
  publisher    = {SEANOE},
  doi          = {10.17882/42182},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.17882/42182}
}

@article{Wong2020_Argo,
  author       = {Wong, Annie P. S. and Wijffels, Susan E. and Riser, Stephen C. and Pouliquen, Sylvie and Hosoda, Shigeki and Roemmich, Dean and Gilson, John and Johnson, Gregory C. and Martini, Kim and Murphy, David J. and Scanderbeg, Megan and Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya and Buck, Justin J. H. and Merceur, Frederic and Carval, Thierry and Maze, Guillaume and Cabanes, Cécile and André, Xavier and Poffa, Noé and Yashayaev, Igor and Barker, Paul M. and Guinehut, Stéphanie and Belbéoch, Mathieu},
  title        = {{Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats}},
  journal      = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
  year         = {2020},
  volume       = {7},
  pages        = {700},
  doi          = {10.3389/fmars.2020.00700},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00700}
}