Datasets:
metadata
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- hate-speech-detection
- sentiment-classification
- multi-label-classification
pretty_name: measuring-hate-speech
tags:
- arxiv:2009.10277
- counterspeech
- hate-speech
- text-regression
- irt
dataset_info:
features:
- name: comment_id
dtype: int32
- name: annotator_id
dtype: int32
- name: platform
dtype: int8
- name: sentiment
dtype: float64
- name: respect
dtype: float64
- name: insult
dtype: float64
- name: humiliate
dtype: float64
- name: status
dtype: float64
- name: dehumanize
dtype: float64
- name: violence
dtype: float64
- name: genocide
dtype: float64
- name: attack_defend
dtype: float64
- name: hatespeech
dtype: float64
- name: hate_speech_score
dtype: float64
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: infitms
dtype: float64
- name: outfitms
dtype: float64
- name: annotator_severity
dtype: float64
- name: std_err
dtype: float64
- name: annotator_infitms
dtype: float64
- name: annotator_outfitms
dtype: float64
- name: hypothesis
dtype: float64
- name: target_race_asian
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_black
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_latinx
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_middle_eastern
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_native_american
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_pacific_islander
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_white
dtype: bool
- name: target_race_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_race
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_atheist
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_buddhist
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_christian
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_hindu
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_jewish
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_mormon
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_muslim
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_religion
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin_immigrant
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin_migrant_worker
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin_specific_country
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin_undocumented
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_origin
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_men
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_non_binary
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_transgender_men
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_transgender_unspecified
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_transgender_women
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_women
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_gender
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality_bisexual
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality_gay
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality_lesbian
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality_straight
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_sexuality
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_children
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_teenagers
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_young_adults
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_middle_aged
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_seniors
dtype: bool
- name: target_age_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_age
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_physical
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_cognitive
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_neurological
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_visually_impaired
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_hearing_impaired
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_unspecific
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_disability
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_alt_right
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_communist
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_conservative
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_democrat
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_green_party
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_leftist
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_liberal
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_libertarian
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_republican
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_socialist
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics_other
dtype: bool
- name: target_politics
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_gender
dtype: string
- name: annotator_trans
dtype: string
- name: annotator_educ
dtype: string
- name: annotator_income
dtype: string
- name: annotator_ideology
dtype: string
- name: annotator_gender_men
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_gender_women
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_gender_non_binary
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_gender_prefer_not_to_say
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_gender_self_describe
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_transgender
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_cisgender
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_transgender_prefer_not_to_say
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_some_high_school
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_high_school_grad
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_some_college
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_college_grad_aa
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_college_grad_ba
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_professional_degree
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_masters
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_education_phd
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_income_<10k
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_income_10k-50k
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_income_50k-100k
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_income_100k-200k
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_income_>200k
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_extremeley_conservative
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_conservative
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_slightly_conservative
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_neutral
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_slightly_liberal
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_liberal
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_extremeley_liberal
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_ideology_no_opinion
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_asian
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_black
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_latinx
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_middle_eastern
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_native_american
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_pacific_islander
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_white
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_race_other
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_age
dtype: float64
- name: annotator_religion_atheist
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_buddhist
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_christian
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_hindu
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_jewish
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_mormon
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_muslim
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_nothing
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_religion_other
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_sexuality_bisexual
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_sexuality_gay
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_sexuality_straight
dtype: bool
- name: annotator_sexuality_other
dtype: bool
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 53193054
num_examples: 135556
download_size: 20097387
dataset_size: 53193054
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
Dataset Description
- Homepage: http://hatespeech.berkeley.edu
- Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10277
Dataset card for Measuring Hate Speech
This is a public release of the dataset described in Kennedy et al. (2020) and Sachdeva et al. (2022), consisting of 39,565 comments annotated by 7,912 annotators, for 135,556 combined rows. The primary outcome variable is the "hate speech score" but the 10 constituent ordinal labels (sentiment, (dis)respect, insult, humiliation, inferior status, violence, dehumanization, genocide, attack/defense, hate speech benchmark) can also be treated as outcomes. Includes 8 target identity groups (race/ethnicity, religion, national origin/citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, political ideology) and 42 target identity subgroups, as well as 6 annotator demographics and 40 subgroups. The hate speech score incorporates an IRT adjustment by estimating variation in annotator interpretation of the labeling guidelines.
This dataset card is a work in progress and will be improved over time.
Key dataset columns
- hate_speech_score - continuous hate speech measure, where higher = more hateful and lower = less hateful. > 0.5 is approximately hate speech, < -1 is counter or supportive speech, and -1 to +0.5 is neutral or ambiguous.
- text - lightly processed text of a social media post
- comment_id - unique ID for each comment
- annotator_id - unique ID for each annotator
- sentiment - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- respect - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- insult - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- humiliate - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- status - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- dehumanize - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- violence - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- genocide - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- attack_defend - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- hatespeech - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- annotator_severity - annotator's estimated survey interpretation bias
Code to download
The dataset can be downloaded using the following python code:
import datasets
dataset = datasets.load_dataset('ucberkeley-dlab/measuring-hate-speech', 'binary')
df = dataset['train'].to_pandas()
df.describe()
Citation
@article{kennedy2020constructing,
title={Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application},
author={Kennedy, Chris J and Bacon, Geoff and Sahn, Alexander and von Vacano, Claudia},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277},
year={2020}
}
Contributions
Dataset curated by @ck37, @pssachdeva, et al.
References
Kennedy, C. J., Bacon, G., Sahn, A., & von Vacano, C. (2020). Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277.
Pratik Sachdeva, Renata Barreto, Geoff Bacon, Alexander Sahn, Claudia von Vacano, and Chris Kennedy. 2022. The Measuring Hate Speech Corpus: Leveraging Rasch Measurement Theory for Data Perspectivism. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Perspectivist Approaches to NLP @LREC2022, pages 83–94, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association.