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a27311bb-07f6-4594-a05a-e3b48a178d2a | Activated carbon
Activated carbon
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of
carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and
air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have
small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface
area
[1][2]
available for
adsorption
or
chemical reactions
.
[3]
(Adsorption, not to be confused with absorption, is a process
where atoms or molecules adhere to a surface). The pores can
be thought of as a microscopic "sponge" structure. Activation
is analogous to making popcorn from dried corn kernels:
popcorn is light, fluffy, and its kernels have a high surface-
area-to-volume ratio. Activated is sometimes replaced by
active.
Because it is so porous on a microscopic scale, one gram of
activated carbon has a surface area of over 3,000 square
metres per gram (920,000 square feet per ounce),
[1][2][4]
as determined by gas absorption and its porosity can run | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 26, "from": 1}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
78361391-6602-4466-8c2f-402d20e6e620 | activated carbon has a surface area of over 3,000 square
metres per gram (920,000 square feet per ounce),
[1][2][4]
as determined by gas absorption and its porosity can run
10ML/day in terms of treated water per gram. Researchers at Cornell University synthesized an ultrahigh surface area
activated carbon with a BET area of 4,800 m
2
/g (1,500,000 sq ft/oz).
[1]
This BET area value is the highest reported in
the literature for activated carbon to date. For charcoal, the equivalent figure before activation is about 2–5 square
metres per gram (610–1,530 sq ft/oz).
[5][6]
A useful activation level may be obtained solely from high surface area.
Further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties.
Activated carbon is usually derived from waste products such as coconut husks in addition to other agricultural wastes
like olive stones, rice husks and nutshell shells which are also being upcycled into activated carbon, diversifying | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 39, "from": 23}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
7a2654ea-95ac-4496-a31c-71767163096d | like olive stones, rice husks and nutshell shells which are also being upcycled into activated carbon, diversifying
feedstock supply. Furthermore, waste from paper mills has been studied as a possible source of activated carbon.
[7]
These bulk sources are converted into charcoal before being activated. Using waste streams not only reduces landfill
burden but also works to lower the overall carbon footprint of activated carbon production as previously discarded waste
is now repurposed. When derived from
coal
,
[1][2]
it is referred to as activated coal. Activated coke is derived from
coke. In activated-coke production, the raw coke (most commonly petroleum coke) is ground or pelletized, then
"activated" via physical (steam or CO
2
at high temperature) or chemical (e.g., KOH or H
3
PO
4
) methods to introduce a
porous network, yielding a high-surface-area adsorbent which is referred to as activated coal.
Activated carbon is used in
methane
and
hydrogen
storage, | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 62, "from": 39}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
c4a24e97-a0b0-4084-97f7-acf01fe981d3 | 3
PO
4
) methods to introduce a
porous network, yielding a high-surface-area adsorbent which is referred to as activated coal.
Activated carbon is used in
methane
and
hydrogen
storage,
[1][2]
air purification
,
[8]
capacitive deionization,
supercapacitive swing adsorption, solvent recovery, decaffeination, gold purification, metal extraction, water
purification, medicine, sewage treatment, air filters in respirators, filters in compressed air, teeth whitening, production
of
hydrogen chloride
, edible electronics,
[9]
and many other applications. These multiuse applications make it a versatile
form of carbon that is used daily in many industries.
There are many industrial applications of activated carbon and its other forms such as areas like metal extraction, water
purification, sewage treatment, metal finishing and more. For example, it is the main purification technique for removing | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 78, "from": 53}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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e34e7656-4028-4a2e-94d3-a827c7df7c35 | purification, sewage treatment, metal finishing and more. For example, it is the main purification technique for removing
organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions used for metal finishing plants. Expanding on electroplating, a
variety of organic chemicals can be added to the plating solutions for improving their deposit qualities and for enhancing
Uses
Industrial | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 82, "from": 78}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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cc374c45-441a-49d4-bf17-afaad4fd2261 | Activated charcoal for medical use
properties like brightness, smoothness, ductility, etc. This is due to the passage of direct current and electrolytic reactions
of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, organic additives generate unwanted breakdown products in solution. Their
excessive build up in the solutions can adversely affect plating quality and physical properties of deposited metal if run
untreated by the filters. Activated carbon treatment removes such impurities and restores plating performance to the
desired level. Its installation costs may vary according to the volume of water it must process, however the average cost
can be around USD 1 - 2 million. Additionally, these filters need replacing over time (typically 6-12 months depending
on usage). The cost of replacing the carbon in the GAC filter form is about USD 0.05 - 0.1 per cubic meter of water that
is treated in the plant.
Activated carbon is used to treat poisonings and overdoses following oral | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 93, "from": 84}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
a5d0b95c-2312-414a-b691-4279d8f7ac90 | is treated in the plant.
Activated carbon is used to treat poisonings and overdoses following oral
ingestion. Tablets or capsules of activated carbon are used in many countries
as an over-the-counter drug to treat diarrhea, indigestion, and flatulence.
However, activated charcoal shows no effect on intestinal gas and diarrhea,
is ordinarily medically ineffective if poisoning resulted from ingestion of
corrosive agents, boric acid, or petroleum products, and is particularly
ineffective against poisonings of strong acids or bases, cyanide, iron,
lithium
,
arsenic
,
methanol
,
ethanol
, or
ethylene glycol
.
[10]
Activated carbon
will not prevent these chemicals from being absorbed into the human
body.
[11]
It is on the
World Health Organization's List of Essential
Medicines
.
[12]
Incorrect application (e.g. into the lungs) results in pulmonary aspiration, which can sometimes be fatal if immediate
medical treatment is not initiated.
[13] | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 122, "from": 92}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
e040200f-0248-41b8-b78c-0d5e915ce6d0 | Medicines
.
[12]
Incorrect application (e.g. into the lungs) results in pulmonary aspiration, which can sometimes be fatal if immediate
medical treatment is not initiated.
[13]
Activated carbon, in 50% w/w combination with celite, is used as stationary phase in low-pressure chromatographic
separation of carbohydrates (mono-, di-, tri-saccharides) using ethanol solutions (5–50%) as mobile phase in analytical
or preparative protocols.
Activated carbon is useful for extracting the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as dabigatran, apixaban,
rivaroxaban
and
edoxaban
from blood plasma samples.
[14]
For this purpose it has been made into "minitablets", each
containing 5 mg activated carbon for treating 1ml samples of DOAC. Since this activated carbon has no effect on blood
clotting factors, heparin or most other anticoagulants
[15]
this allows a plasma sample to be analyzed for abnormalities
otherwise affected by the DOACs. | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 137, "from": 117}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
67ed4dcd-9160-402c-ab42-019fa2044e59 | clotting factors, heparin or most other anticoagulants
[15]
this allows a plasma sample to be analyzed for abnormalities
otherwise affected by the DOACs.
Carbon adsorption has numerous applications in removing pollutants from air or water streams both in the field and in
industrial processes such as:
Spill cleanup
Groundwater remediation
Drinking water
filtration
[16]
Wastewater treatment
[17]
Air purification
Volatile organic compounds capture from painting, dry cleaning, gasoline dispensing operations, and
other processes
Volatile organic compounds recovery (SRU, Solvent Recovery Unit; SRP, Solvent Recovery Plant; SRS,
Solvent Recovery System) from
flexible packaging
,
converting
,
coating
, and other processes.
[18]
Medical
Analytical chemistry
Environmental | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 162, "from": 134}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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9e177fcd-f00b-4916-b835-6408fdc8c484 | Activated carbon is usually used in water
filtration systems. In this illustration, the
activated carbon is in the fourth level
(counted from bottom).
During early implementation of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act in the US,
EPA officials developed a rule that proposed requiring drinking water
treatment systems to use granular activated carbon. Because of its high cost,
the so-called GAC rule encountered strong opposition across the country
from the water supply industry, including the largest water utilities in
California. Hence, the agency set aside the rule.
[19]
Activated carbon
filtration is an effective water treatment method due to its multi-functional
nature. There are specific types of activated carbon filtration methods and
equipment that are indicated – depending upon the contaminants
involved.
[18]
In wastewater treatment, granulated activated carbon filters are implemented
as an additional treatment step for removal of organic micropollutants such | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 182, "from": 164}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
d3102b26-d2d9-4f1b-9a09-94ffa22ca4ac | involved.
[18]
In wastewater treatment, granulated activated carbon filters are implemented
as an additional treatment step for removal of organic micropollutants such
as pharmaceutical products,
[17][20]
many of which are not entirely removed
in traditional wastewater treatment processes.
[21]
Pollutants adsorb to the
activated carbon granules and are then degraded by microorganisms on the
filters.
[22]
Activated carbon is also used for the measurement of radon concentration in
air.
Biomass waste-derived activated carbons were also successfully used for the
removal of caffeine and paracetamol from water.
[23]
Activated carbon (charcoal) is an allowed substance used by organic farmers in both livestock production and wine
making. In livestock production it is used as a pesticide, animal feed additive, processing aid, nonagricultural ingredient
and disinfectant.
[24]
In organic winemaking, activated carbon is allowed for use as a processing agent to adsorb brown | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 201, "from": 179}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
7390abb3-ca28-4093-af8c-42f493a35cf2 | and disinfectant.
[24]
In organic winemaking, activated carbon is allowed for use as a processing agent to adsorb brown
color pigments from white grape concentrates.
[25]
It is sometimes used as
biochar
.
Activated carbon filters (AC filters) can be used to filter vodka and whiskey of organic impurities which can affect color,
taste, and odor. Passing an organically impure vodka through an activated carbon filter at the proper flow rate will result
in vodka with an identical alcohol content and significantly increased organic purity, as judged by odor and taste.
[26]
Research is being done testing various activated carbons' ability to store
natural gas
[1][2]
and
hydrogen gas
.
[1][2]
The
porous material acts like a sponge for different types of gases. The gas is attracted to the carbon material via Van der
Waals forces
. Some carbons have been able to achieve binding energies of 5–10 kJ per
mol
.
[27]
The gas may then be | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 225, "from": 199}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
4a0b8e70-9725-4dd2-b3a8-300381280b65 | Waals forces
. Some carbons have been able to achieve binding energies of 5–10 kJ per
mol
.
[27]
The gas may then be
desorbed when subjected to higher temperatures and either combusted to do work or in the case of hydrogen gas
extracted for use in a hydrogen fuel cell. Gas storage in activated carbons is an appealing gas storage method because
the gas can be stored in a low pressure, low mass, low volume environment that would be much more feasible than
bulky on-board pressure tanks in vehicles. The
United States Department of Energy
has specified certain goals
[28]
to be
achieved in the area of research and development of nano-porous carbon materials. All of the goals are yet to be satisfied
but numerous institutions, including the ALL-CRAFT program,
[1][2]
are continuing to conduct work in this field.
Agricultural
Distilled alcoholic beverage purification
Fuel storage | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 240, "from": 220}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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bec10977-415d-4094-86cc-546e9c1f1727 | Filters with activated carbon are usually used in compressed air and gas purification to remove oil vapors, odor, and
other hydrocarbons from the air. The most common designs use a 1-stage or 2 stage filtration principle in which
activated carbon is embedded inside the filter media.
Activated carbon filters are used to retain radioactive gases within the air vacuumed from a nuclear boiling water reactor
turbine condenser. The large charcoal beds adsorb these gases and retain them while they rapidly decay to
nonradioactive solid species. The solids are trapped in the charcoal particles, while the filtered air passes through.
Activated carbon is commonly used on the laboratory scale to purify solutions of organic molecules containing
unwanted colored organic impurities.
Filtration over activated carbon is used in large scale fine chemical and pharmaceutical processes for the same purpose. | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 250, "from": 242}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
b256a6d0-cd30-47da-b627-d6a5cfbd6244 | unwanted colored organic impurities.
Filtration over activated carbon is used in large scale fine chemical and pharmaceutical processes for the same purpose.
The carbon is either mixed with the solution then filtered off or immobilized in a filter.
[29][30]
Activated carbon, often infused with sulfur
[31]
or iodine, is widely used to trap mercury emissions from
coal-fired power
stations, medical incinerators, and from natural gas at the wellhead. However, despite its effectiveness, activated carbon
is expensive to use.
[32]
Since it is often not recycled, the mercury-laden activated carbon presents a disposal dilemma.
[33]
If the activated carbon
contains less than 260 ppm mercury, United States federal regulations allow it to be stabilized (for example, trapped in
concrete) for landfilling. However, waste containing greater than 260 ppm is considered to be in the high-mercury | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 264, "from": 249}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
31aeba84-856c-4fe3-8d24-404f1b4157ef | concrete) for landfilling. However, waste containing greater than 260 ppm is considered to be in the high-mercury
subcategory and is banned from landfilling (Land-Ban Rule). This material is now accumulating in warehouses and in
deep abandoned mines at an estimated rate of 100 tons per year.
The problem of disposal of mercury-laden activated carbon is not unique to the United States. In the Netherlands, this
mercury is largely recovered and the activated carbon is disposed of by complete burning, forming carbon dioxide
(CO
2
).
Activated, food-grade charcoal became a food trend in 2016, being used as an additive to impart a "slightly smoky" taste
and a dark coloring to products including hotdogs, ice cream, pizza bases, and bagels.
[34]
People taking medication,
including
birth control pills
and
antidepressants
,
[35]
are advised to avoid novelty foods or drinks that use activated
charcoal coloring since it can render the medication ineffective.
[36] | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 284, "from": 264}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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|
69d70ce9-7166-4ece-9181-8be6e0bfbc8d | birth control pills
and
antidepressants
,
[35]
are advised to avoid novelty foods or drinks that use activated
charcoal coloring since it can render the medication ineffective.
[36]
Activated charcoal is used in smoking filters
[37]
as a way to reduce the tar content and other chemicals present in smoke,
which is a result of combustion, wherein it has been found to reduce the toxicants from tobacco smoke, in particular the
free radicals.
[37]
The structure of activated carbon has long been a subject of debate. In a book published in 2006,
[38]
Harry Marsh
and
Francisco Rodríguez-Reinoso considered more than 15 models for the structure, without coming to a definite conclusion
about which was correct. Recent work using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy has suggested that
Gas purification
Chemical purification
Mercury scrubbing
Food additive
Smoking filtration
Structure of activated carbon | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 303, "from": 277}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Activated carbon - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36", "ModDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m143", "CreationDate": "D:20251215091439+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.10.100", "metadata": null, "totalPages": 19}, "source": "blob", "blobType": "application/pdf"} | 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in Data Studio
Water Domain Knowledge Safety Wikipedia Embeddings
Pre-computed vector embeddings from Wikipedia articles covering Water, Water Filtration Methods, Biomes, and related topics — ready to drop into your RAG pipeline without any embedding overhead.
Dataset Details
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Embedding Model | nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5 (135M) |
| Vector Dimensions | 768 |
| Source | Wikipedia |
| Topics | Water, water filtration methods, biomes, environments and more |
| Format | CSV (vectors + metadata) |
Quickstart
import pandas as pd
import ast
df = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/rakhasetiawan/water-knowledge-embedding-wikipedia/blob/main/water_domain_vector_embeddings.csv")
# Convert the embedding column from string to list
df["embedding"] = df["embedding"].apply(ast.literal_eval)
print(df.head())
# text | embedding | title | url
License
Dataset content is sourced from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license.
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