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Romantic music | Is it true that all Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, and dramatic? | The Romantic movement in Western Classical music in the 19th century was characterized by composers who universally sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic. | Is there any Romantic composer who did not seek to create music that was individualistic, emotional, and dramatic? | While most Romantic composers aimed to create music that was individualistic, emotional, and dramatic, there is at least one who diverged from this norm. | 2contradiction |
History of the Roman Empire | What significant event marked the beginning of the Roman Empire? | In 27 BC, the Senate gave Octavian the titles of Augustus ('venerated') and Princeps ('foremost'), thus beginning the Principate, the first epoch of Roman imperial history. | What significant event marked the end of the Roman Empire? | The empire in the east—known today as the Byzantine Empire, but referred to in its time as 'Roman'—ended in 1453 with the death of Constantine XI and the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks. | 8mid antonyms |
List of thriller films | What are some thriller films not from the 2010s? | This is chronological list of thriller films split by decade. Often there may be considerable overlap particularly between thriller and other genres (including, action, crime, and horror films); the list should attempt to document films which are more closely related to thriller, even if it bends genres. Not all thrillers fit neatly into one decade. | What are some thriller films from the 2010s? | Some notable thriller films from the 2010s include 'Gone Girl' (2014), 'Nightcrawler' (2014), 'Prisoners' (2013), and 'The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' (2011). These films are known for their intense plots and suspenseful elements characteristic of the thriller genre. | 0sentential |
List of streaming services | Which streaming media systems slightly differ from others? | A more detailed comparison of streaming media systems is also available, indicating that some systems slightly differ from others in terms of functionality and features. | Which streaming media systems noticeably differ from others? | Certain streaming media systems noticeably differ in terms of supported protocols and devices, such as Ant Media Server for real-time streaming with sub-0.5secs latency and Jellyfin as a GPL-licensed fully open-source fork of Emby. | 9polar antonyms |
Baroque Music | What composers from the Baroque period are universally recognized? | All renowned Baroque period composers, such as Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, and George Frideric Handel, are universally recognized in the classical music canon. | Is it not the case that any Baroque period composers are recognized? | Not every Baroque composer receives recognition; there are some whose contributions are less acknowledged. | 3contrary |
History of jazz | Which jazz styles avoid using regular meter and formal structures? | Free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal structures, avoids these traditional elements, allowing for greater improvisation and innovation. | Which jazz styles use regular meter and formal structures? | New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation, which uses regular meter, beat, and formal structures. | 6implicit |
Punk rock | What defines a modern approach in punk rock? | The first wave of punk rock was 'aggressively modern' and differed from what came before. Punk rock was 'rock and roll by people who didn't have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music'. Technical accessibility and a do it yourself (DIY) spirit are prized in punk rock. | What defines a traditional approach in punk rock? | The early punk bands emulated the minimal musical arrangements of 1960s garage rock. Most early punk rock songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll verse-chorus form and 4/4 time signature. | 8mid antonyms |
Memes | Do all memes act as units for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices? | All memes act as units for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices, that can be transmitted through writing, speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena. | Is there some meme that does not act as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices? | There exists a meme that does not serve as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices in every possible context. | 2contradiction |
List of music genres | Genres of music to avoid in commercial settings | Regional and national music with no significant commercial impact abroad, such as traditional music, oral traditions, sea shanties, work songs, and nursery rhymes may be genres to avoid in commercial settings because they don't align with international commercial tastes. | Genres of music suitable for commercial settings | Genres like pop, electronic, and rock are often suitable for commercial settings due to their broad appeal and significant commercial impact, making them favorites in global markets. | 6implicit |
Nutrition facts | What information is required on nutrition labels in all countries mentioned in the document? | All countries have some form of nutrition labeling requirement, detailing contents like energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, and sodium. For example, in the European Union, the labeling must always include energy, fats, saturates, carbohydrates, sugars, protein, and salt. | Is there any country mentioned in the document where some foods are not required to have nutrition labels? | In China, there are certain exemptions where nutrition labeling is not required, such as for fresh foods, alcoholic drinks with more than 0.5% ABV, small package foods, and freshly made and sold foods. | 2contradiction |
Data Science | What are some characteristics of large data sets in data science? | Data science is an interdisciplinary field focused on extracting knowledge from typically large data sets and applying the knowledge from that data to solve problems in other application domains. | What are some characteristics of small data sets in data science? | Small data sets in data science often allow for simpler analysis techniques and may provide clearer insights without the need for complex computational methods. | 7immediate antonyms |
Archaeology of the Americas | What are the major stages in pre-Columbian archaeology of the Americas for all regions? | The definitions of the major stages, which include the Lithic, Archaic, Formative, Classic, Post-Classic, as well as Horizon periods, apply to all regions within the Americas in the context of pre-Columbian archaeology. | Is it not the case that there is any stage in pre-Columbian archaeology of the Americas beyond the major stages? | There is no additional stage in pre-Columbian archaeology of the Americas that extends beyond the established major stages. | 3contrary |
List of highest-grossing films | Which film is considered the most successful in terms of adjusted global gross? | Gone with the Wind—first released in 1939—is generally considered to be the most successful film, with Guinness World Records in 2014 estimating its adjusted global gross at $3.4 billion. | Which film is considered the least successful in terms of adjusted global gross? | Determining the least successful film in terms of adjusted global gross is challenging because older films that did poorly often have less documented box-office history, making precise comparisons difficult. | 7immediate antonyms |
History of the Roman Empire | What are unresolved conflicts in the Roman Empire? | Despite Augustus' efforts, some issues remained unresolved throughout the Roman Empire, such as the succession conflicts which occasionally broke out after an emperor's death, leading to wars of succession. | What are resolved conflicts in the Roman Empire? | Several conflicts were resolved during the Roman Empire, notably the civil war that ended with Octavian's victory at the Battle of Actium, which led to a period of relative stability known as the Pax Romana. | 5affixal |
Surrealism | What defining purpose of Surrealism applies to all Surrealist works? | André Breton's 1924 Surrealist Manifesto defines surrealism as 'Pure psychic automatism, by which one proposes to express, either verbally, in writing, or by any other manner, the real functioning of thought,' which applies universally to all Surrealist works. | Is there any Surrealist work that fails to express the defining purpose of Surrealism? | There exists some Surrealist works that do not adhere strictly to André Breton's definition of 'Pure psychic automatism,' as the real functioning of thought is not always fully expressed. | 2contradiction |
Climate Change | Which species became extinct due to rapid environmental change in mountains? | Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct. | Which species became existent due to rapid environmental change in mountains? | Due to changing conditions, some resilient species have become existent in new locations within mountain ecosystems. | 7immediate antonyms |
Pharmacology | What is therapy in pharmacology? | Pharmacology encompasses therapy, which refers to the medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities of drugs and pharmaceuticals. | What is toxicology in pharmacology? | Toxicology, closely related to pharmacology, is the study of a chemical's adverse effects and risk assessment, focusing on understanding these properties and actions. | 8mid antonyms |
Cold War | Events or crises that avoided direct conflict during the Cold War. | The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is widely considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into nuclear war. Despite the tensions, both the US and the Soviet Union avoided direct conflict, ultimately reaching an agreement to dismantle respective missile installations. | Events or crises that involved direct conflict during the Cold War. | During the Cold War, the Korean War of 1950 to 1953 involved direct conflict between US-led United Nations forces and North Korean forces, with China and the Soviet Union providing support to North Korea, resulting in a stalemate. | 6implicit |
Creative Writing | Are all creative writing programs considered an extension of the English discipline? | It is noted that in the US and increasingly in the rest of the world, all creative writing programs are considered by some academics to be an extension of the English discipline. | Is there any creative writing program that is not considered an extension of the English discipline? | There exists some debate in academia whether any creative writing program is definitively considered an extension of the English discipline, suggesting some are not. | 2contradiction |
Financial technology | What are some unconventional uses of fintech? | The fintech landscape continued to evolve with unconventional applications such as the development of digital currencies like Bitcoin and blockchain technology. These innovations opened up new possibilities for secure, transparent, and decentralized financial systems, which were not part of traditional financial applications. | What are some conventional uses of fintech? | Fintech encompasses conventional applications such as mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications like cryptocurrencies. These are traditional domains where fintech companies aim to improve, complement, or replace established financial services. | 5affixal |
FIFA World Cup | Have all World Cup tournaments been held every four years since 1930, except during World War II? | For all years, the World Cup tournament has been held every four years since 1930, with the exception of 1942 and 1946 due to World War II. | Are no World Cup tournaments held every four years since 1930? | There are no World Cup tournaments that have not been held every four years since 1930, other than during World War II. | 3contrary |
Indie Rock | In some countries mentioned in the document, where did indie rock originate? | In some countries mentioned, like New Zealand, indie rock originated through the Dunedin sound in the early 1980s. | Is there any country mentioned in the document where indie rock did not originate? | There is a country mentioned in the document where indie rock did not originate first, like the United Kingdom. | 4subcontradiction |
List of horror films | List of films considered the worst in 2020 | In the 'See also' section, there is a note titled 'List of films considered the worst', which could be explored further to find out 2020's worst films. | List of films considered the best in 2020 | The list of films considered the best in 2020 includes those that received critical acclaim and achieved high box office success, compiling movies praised for storytelling, acting, and direction. | 8mid antonyms |
High Fantasy | Avoid primary world settings in high fantasy examples | High fantasy is usually set in an alternative, fictional ('secondary') world, rather than the 'real' or 'primary' world. This secondary world is usually internally consistent, but its rules differ from those of the primary world. | Include primary world settings in high fantasy examples | By contrast, low fantasy is characterized by being set on Earth, the primary or real world, or a rational and familiar fictional world with the inclusion of magical elements. Although prevalent in low fantasy, the primary world settings are also occasionally seen in some high fantasy narratives, albeit rarely. | 6implicit |
Electronic music genres | Electronic music genres that avoid traditional musical instruments | Electronic music was associated almost exclusively with Western art music, but from the late 1960s, the availability of affordable music technology—particularly of synthesizers—meant that music produced using electronic means became increasingly common, resulting in major electronically based subgenres. In the late 1980s, electronic dance music (EDM) records made using only electronic instruments became increasingly popular, leading to a proliferation of electronic genres that avoid traditional musical instruments. | Electronic music genres that use traditional musical instruments | A distinction has been made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound-producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, electric piano, and the electric guitar. These devices are used in electronic music genres that use traditional musical instruments alongside electronic means. | 6implicit |
Dragons | What is an unknown fact about dragons? | A widely unknown aspect is that in China, a region where fossils of large prehistoric animals are common, these remains are frequently identified as 'dragon bones' and are used in traditional Chinese medicine. | What is a known fact about dragons? | It is widely known that dragons are depicted in various forms around the world. In Eastern cultures, they are usually imagined as serpentine creatures with above-average intelligence, whereas Western dragons are often winged and fire-breathing. | 5affixal |
Casino | What are some factors that make casino environments pleasant? | Factors influencing gambling tendencies include sound, odour and lighting. Natasha Dow Schüll, an anthropologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, highlights the decision of the audio directors at Silicon Gaming to make its slot machines resonate in "the universally pleasant tone of C, sampling existing casino soundscapes to create a sound that would please but not clash." | What are some factors that make casino environments unpleasant? | Factors influencing the uncomfortable aspects of casino environments can include harsh lighting, overwhelming noise, or unpleasant odors which can detract from the overall experience. | 9polar antonyms |
History of rock music | Are all rock bands typically centered on the electric guitar? | All rock bands are characteristically centered on the amplified electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s. | Is there a rock band that is not typically centered on the electric guitar? | There exists a rock band that is not centered on the electric guitar prominently, as the genre boasts stylistic diversity. | 2contradiction |
Climate Change | In some regions, what are the effects of climate change? | Some regions, such as the Arctic, have experienced significant climate change effects, including rapidly rising temperatures and melting ice, impacting local ecosystems and weather patterns. | Are there some regions that do not experience the effects of climate change? | Although climate change affects nearly the entire globe, there exist regions that do not experience the effects of all observable weather changes, such as constant snow cover despite overall global warming trends. | 4subcontradiction |
Vertical Farming | In which communities do all vertical farming systems discussed in the document exist? | Vertical farming systems exist in all the listed communities such as Paignton, Israel, Singapore, Chicago, Munich, London, Japan, and Lincolnshire. | Is it not the case that there exists a community where vertical farming systems discussed in the document exist? | It is not the case that there exists a community where vertical farming systems are not implemented; they are found in various places like Paignton, Israel, Singapore, Chicago, Munich, London, Japan, and Lincolnshire. | 3contrary |
Dinosaurs | Which prehistoric animals are ignored in the taxonomic classification as dinosaurs? | Other prehistoric animals, including pterosaurs, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and Dimetrodon, while often popularly conceived of as dinosaurs, are not taxonomically classified as dinosaurs. | Which prehistoric animals are included in the taxonomic classification as dinosaurs? | Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria, which includes major groups such as ankylosaurians, stegosaurians, ceratopsians, pachycephalosaurians, ornithopods, theropods, and sauropodomorphs. | 6implicit |
Political philosophy | What is the role of dissent in authoritarian regimes? | Authoritarian regimes reject political plurality and suppress dissent through centralized, hierarchical power structures. | What is the role of consent in governance? | Power can be based on consent, like people following a charismatic leader, but can also take the form of coercion, such as a tyrannical ruler enforcing compliance through fear and repression. | 8mid antonyms |
History of rock music | Are all rock bands typically centered on the electric guitar? | All rock bands are characteristically centered on the amplified electric guitar, which emerged in its modern form in the 1950s. | Is it not true that some rock bands are typically centered on the electric guitar? | Not all rock bands differ from being centered on the electric guitar; the genre is known for its diverse instrumentation. | 3contrary |
Music Production | What does it mean for a music producer to ensure artists deliver acceptable performances? | Typically the job involves hands-on oversight of recording sessions; ensuring artists deliver acceptable and quality performances, supervising the technical engineering of the recording, and coordinating the production team and process. | What does it mean for a music producer to ensure artists deliver reject performances? | In a music production context, a producer might reject performances that do not meet the creative and quality standards required for the project, prompting retakes or adjustments. | 7immediate antonyms |
Water conservation | What strategies can I use to avoid water scarcity? | Water conservation makes it possible to avoid water scarcity. It involves policies, strategies, and activities aimed at managing the use of water resources effectively. | What strategies can I use to achieve water abundance? | Strategies to achieve water abundance include rainwater harvesting, protecting groundwater resources, and practicing sustainable methods of utilizing water. Such efforts could lead to an abundance of water by improving water management practices and increasing the overall efficiency of water use. | 6implicit |
Democracy | ignore popular forms of government similar to democracy | Republics, though often popularly associated with democracy because of the shared principle of rule by consent of the governed, are not necessarily democracies. One must ignore forms like republicanism when seeking strict examples of democracy. | consider popular forms of government similar to democracy | Republics are often considered forms of government similar to democracy because they share the principle of rule by consent of the governed. While not strictly democracies, they encompass elements often associated with democratic governance. | 6implicit |
Fashion design | Which fashion designers ignore the mass market? | Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men's, women's, and children's fashions for the mass market. There are quite a few fashion designers who choose to set up their labels, which offers them full control over their designs, thus choosing to ignore the mass market. | Which fashion designers focus on the mass market? | Most fashion designers work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men's, women's, and children's fashions for the mass market. These designers focus on ready-to-wear garments that cater to a wide range of customers by producing trendy, affordable clothing. | 6implicit |
Cultural Anthropology | What are some undiscovered aspects of cultural anthropology? | Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. Many aspects of culture remain undiscovered as anthropologists continue to delve into the nuances of different societies and their cultural practices. | What are some discovered aspects of cultural anthropology? | Cultural anthropology has discovered various aspects of human societies, focusing on cultural variation, practices, and the adaptation to environments through culture. This branch of anthropology highlights the unique customs, traditions, and social behaviors across different societies and offers insights into how humans adapt to their surroundings through non-genetic means. | 5affixal |
Renaissance Music | Ignore instrumental music developments in the Renaissance? | During the Renaissance, precursor versions of many familiar modern instruments developed into new forms. These instruments were modified to respond to the evolution of musical ideas, but the focus on instrumental developments must be ignored to understand the full scope of vocal and choral progress in this period. | Focus on instrumental music developments during the Renaissance? | During the Renaissance, precursor versions of many familiar modern instruments such as the violin, guitar, lute, and keyboard instruments developed into new forms, signaling a focus on instrumental music developments. These instruments were modified to respond to the evolution of musical ideas, offering new possibilities for composers and musicians to explore. | 6implicit |
History of hip hop | Who was rapping before the Sugarhill Gang except for The Fatback Band? | Curtis noted that when he moved to the Bronx in the 1970s he heard people rapping over scratched records throughout the neighborhoods and radio DJs were rapping before the genre was released on retail recordings. | Who was rapping before the Sugarhill Gang? | The Fatback Band released the first rap recording, "King Tim III (Personality Jock)", a few weeks before the Sugarhill Gang in 1979. Curtis noted that when he moved to the Bronx in the 1970s he heard people rapping over scratched records throughout the neighborhoods and radio DJs were rapping before the genre was released on retail recordings. The Fatback Band released the first rap recording, "King Tim III (Personality Jock)", a few weeks before the Sugarhill Gang in 1979. | 1exceptor |
Dinosaur | What are some genera of prehistoric animals that are not classified as dinosaurs? | Other prehistoric animals, including pterosaurs, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and Dimetrodon, while often popularly conceived of as dinosaurs, are not taxonomically classified as dinosaurs. | What are some genera of prehistoric animals that are classified as dinosaurs? | Dinosaurs are usually defined as the group consisting of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Triceratops and modern birds (Neornithes), and all its descendants. Major groups include ankylosaurians, stegosaurians, ceratopsians, pachycephalosaurians, ornithopods, theropods, and sauropodomorphs. | 0sentential |
Documentary Film | Are there some documentaries that aim to document reality without misrepresentation? | There are some documentaries that aim to document reality without misrepresentation, as filmmakers are encouraged to be truthful to their vision of the world, providing an accurate depiction of events and subjects. | Is there a documentary that does not aim to document reality? | There exists at least one documentary that does not aim solely to document reality but might include fictional storytelling elements, such as docufiction movies, which blend facts with parts of dramatic storytelling. | 4subcontradiction |
Coral Reef | What temperature conditions are best for coral reefs? | Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water. | What temperature conditions are best for coral reefs in cooler regions? | Deeper water reef-forming corals, which live in cooler water and in temperate seas, can exist on smaller scales compared to their tropical counterparts. | 9polar antonyms |
Propaganda | Who did propaganda aim to persuade during World War I? | The first large-scale and organised propagation of government propaganda was occasioned by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. After the defeat of Germany, military officials such as General Erich Ludendorff suggested that British propaganda had been instrumental in their defeat. British efforts aimed to persuade both their own population and the enemy's morale. | Who did propaganda aim to convince during World War I? | During World War I, propaganda was systematically used to convince both domestic and enemy populations. This was done by creating and distributing various media forms that were designed to support the war effort and convince people of the necessity of their sacrifices. | 9polar antonyms |
Pharmacology | Which substances in pharmacology are not considered as drugs? | The modern term pharmacon is used more broadly than the term drug because it includes endogenous substances, and biologically active substances which are not used as drugs. | Which substances in pharmacology are considered as drugs? | In pharmacology, substances that are considered as drugs typically include those with medicinal properties that are used for therapeutic effects in treatment and management of diseases. These substances are designed to target specific biological processes and are subject to regulatory approval for safety and efficacy. | 0sentential |
Vaccination | Are all vaccines approved by regulatory authorities like the FDA rigorously tested for safety and efficacy? | All vaccines undergo rigorous clinical trials to ensure their safety and efficacy before approval by regulatory authorities such as the FDA. This includes extensive testing in cell cultures, animal studies, and multiple phases of human trials to confirm safety and effectiveness. | Is there no vaccine that is rigorously tested for safety and efficacy by regulatory authorities like the FDA? | No vaccine skips the rigorous testing process before approval by authorities like the FDA, as each must pass extensive trials to demonstrate safety and efficacy. | 3contrary |
Dinosaurs | Do some dinosaurs share certain modifications to the ancestral archosaurian skeleton? | Some dinosaur groups, while later modified, share the original modifications to the ancestral archosaurian skeleton. | Does there exist a dinosaur that does not share certain modifications to the ancestral archosaurian skeleton? | There exists a dinosaur group that does not retain all modifications to the ancestral archosaurian skeleton, as later groups featured further modified versions. | 4subcontradiction |
World War II | Which countries were occupied after World War II? | After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes. | Which countries signed peace treaties after World War II? | A peace treaty between Japan and the Allies was signed in 1951. A 1990 treaty regarding Germany's future allowed the reunification of East and West Germany to take place. | 8mid antonyms |
Ancient Egypt | Did some periods in ancient Egypt experience both stability and instability? | Some periods in the history of ancient Egypt, such as the Old Kingdom and New Kingdom, experienced both stability during their respective eras and instability during the subsequent Intermediate Periods. | Is there a period in ancient Egypt where it did not experience instability? | In the history of ancient Egypt, there is no specific period that did not experience some form of instability, as each kingdom was followed by an Intermediate Period, which denotes instability. | 4subcontradiction |
Bigfoot | For all Bigfoot sightings, reported evidence is deemed to be a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax. | For all reported Bigfoot sightings, scientists agree that the evidence is deemed a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax rather than proof of a living animal. | Is it not the case that there exists a Bigfoot sighting where the reported evidence is a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax? | It is not accepted in the scientific community that any Bigfoot sighting evidence exists without being considered as folklore, misidentification, or a hoax. | 3contrary |
Origami | Websites that ignore the use of cuts in origami | Modern origami practitioners generally discourage the use of cuts, glue, or markings on the paper. Websites supporting this often provide tutorials and guidelines that ignore such modifications to uphold the traditional essence of origami. | Websites that use cuts in origami | Traditional Japanese origami, which has been practiced since the Edo period, has often been less strict about these conventions, sometimes cutting the paper or using nonsquare shapes to start with. Some websites provide tutorials that embrace these traditional methods, allowing for cuts in origami designs. | 6implicit |
Dinosaur | Are all dinosaur genera known and identified? | Every dinosaur genus currently identified by paleontologists stems from fossil evidence, but total identification of all dinosaur genera is still ongoing due to new discoveries. | Is there a dinosaur genus that is not yet identified? | Despite extensive research, there exists at least one dinosaur genus that remains undiscovered. | 2contradiction |
Photosynthesis | What organisms besides cyanobacteria perform anoxygenic photosynthesis? | Some bacteria also perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, which uses bacteriochlorophyll to split hydrogen sulfide as a reductant instead of water, producing sulfur instead of oxygen. | What organisms perform anoxygenic photosynthesis? | Archaea such as Halobacterium also perform a type of non-carbon-fixing anoxygenic photosynthesis, where the simpler photopigment retinal and its microbial rhodopsin derivatives are used to absorb green light and power proton pumps to directly synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the 'energy currency' of cells. | 1exceptor |
Tattooing | Tattoo symbols with no specific meaning | Tattoos may be decorative (with no specific meaning), symbolic (with a specific meaning to the wearer), pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item), or textual (words or pictographs from written languages). | Tattoo symbols with specific meaning | Tattoos may be symbolic (with a specific meaning to the wearer), where they serve as rites of passage, marks of status and rank, symbols of religious and spiritual devotion, decorations for bravery, marks of fertility, pledges of love, amulets and talismans, protection, and as punishment, like the marks of outcasts, slaves, and convicts. | 0sentential |
History of hip hop | When did genres ignore the decline of disco? | With the decline of disco in the early 1980s, rap became a new form of expression. | When did genres acknowledge the decline of disco? | With the decline of disco in the early 1980s, many music genres shifted their focus, acknowledging the need for new forms of expression. | 6implicit |
Chess | What ways can a chess game end? | A chess game can end in the following ways: Checkmate, Resignation, Win on time, Forfeit, Stalemate, and sometimes a game ends in a draw. | What ways can a chess game terminate? | A chess game can terminate by Checkmate, Resignation, Win on time, Forfeit, Stalemate, or a draw under specific circumstances. | 9polar antonyms |
Poker | Is it true that all modern poker games start with one or more players making a forced bet? | In most modern poker games, the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the blind or ante). | Is there at least one poker variant that does not require a forced bet at the start? | There is at least one variant of poker where a forced bet is not required at the start. | 2contradiction |
Virtual reality | What are the applications of virtual reality except for entertainment? | Applications of virtual reality include education (such as medical, safety, or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). | What are the applications of virtual reality? | Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games). | 1exceptor |
Plant anatomy | When was plant anatomy refined as a modern science? | It was in the late 1600s that plant anatomy became refined into a modern science. Italian doctor and microscopist, Marcello Malpighi, was one of the two founders of plant anatomy. | When was plant anatomy enhanced as a modern science? | In the late 1600s, advances made by pioneers like the Italian doctor and microscopist, Marcello Malpighi, greatly enhanced plant anatomy, marking its evolution into a modern science. | 9polar antonyms |
Greek mythology | List some ancient Greek epic poems. | Among the earliest literary sources are Homer's two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Other poets completed the Epic Cycle, but these later and lesser poems now are lost almost entirely. | List some modern Greek epic poems. | Modern Greek literature includes epic poems by poets like Andreas Kalvos and Dionysios Solomos, who contribute to Greece's rich literary tradition. | 9polar antonyms |
Social media marketing | Which social media platforms have built-in analytics tools, except X? | Most social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram, among others, have built-in data analytics tools, enabling companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of social media marketing campaigns. | Which social media platforms have built-in analytics tools? | X has built-in data analytics tools, enabling companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of social media marketing campaigns. | 1exceptor |
Memes | Why do some memes become extinct? | Memes that propagate less prolifically may become extinct, while others may survive, spread, and mutate. The memes unable to replicate effectively face extinction. | Why do some memes survive? | Memes that replicate most effectively enjoy more success, and some may replicate effectively even when they prove to be beneficial to the welfare of their hosts. Memes that are retained and spread have a higher chance of survival, continuing to propagate and evolve. | 6implicit |
Graphic Design | Graphic design history not starting in the 20th century | Although there is no consensus on an exact date when graphic design emerged, some date it back to the Interwar period. Others understand that it began to be identified as such by the late 19th century. | Graphic design history starting in the 20th century | Graphic design continued to advance throughout the 20th century with rapid developments in technology. The profession expanded greatly, incorporating various new media and applications such as magazine pages, book covers, posters, and websites, making it a global profession. | 0sentential |
Automobile | Which car has no internal combustion engine? | Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which have no internal combustion engine, were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than petrol-driven cars before 2025. | Which car has an internal combustion engine? | Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. These engines have historically powered a wide variety of car models and continue to be the predominant technology in the automotive industry. | 0sentential |
Cyberpunk | Which works by Philip K. Dick have adaptations where every adaptation is set in a dystopian future? | Philip K. Dick's works, such as Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, have been adapted into films like Blade Runner, where every adaptation is set in a dystopian future. | Are there any adaptations of Philip K. Dick's works that are not set in a dystopian future? | There exists an adaptation of Philip K. Dick's work that is not set in a dystopian future. However, most of his adapted works like Blade Runner are known for their dystopian settings. | 2contradiction |
Meditation | What are unsolved difficulties in defining meditation? | Meditation has proven difficult to define as it covers a wide range of dissimilar practices in different traditions and cultures. In popular usage, the word "meditation" and the phrase "meditative practice" are often used imprecisely due to unsolved difficulties in establishing necessary criteria. | What are solved difficulties in defining meditation? | While many difficulties remain in defining meditation, certain aspects have been addressed. For example, Bond et al. (2009) identified essential criteria such as the use of a defined technique and logic relaxation as key to meditation practices, offering clarity in its classification. | 5affixal |
Cultural anthropology | What developments in cultural anthropology avoid comparisons between different cultures? | Accordingly, most of these anthropologists showed less interest in comparing cultures, generalizing about human nature, or discovering universal laws of cultural development, than in understanding particular cultures in those cultures' own terms. Such ethnographers and their students promoted the idea of 'cultural relativism', the view that one can only understand another person's beliefs and behaviors in the context of the culture in which they live or lived. This approach avoids the problem of ethnocentrism, where one tries to compare cultures without understanding their unique contexts. | What developments in cultural anthropology include comparisons between different cultures? | Much of anthropological theory has originated in an appreciation of and interest in the tension between the local (particular cultures) and the global (a universal human nature, or the web of connections between people in distinct places/circumstances). Comparative studies help to understand these tensions by including the analysis of similarities and differences between different cultures. | 6implicit |
Data Science | unstructured data in data science | Data science involves working with larger datasets that often require advanced computational and statistical methods to analyze. Data scientists often work with unstructured data such as text or images and use machine learning algorithms to build predictive models. Data science often uses statistical analysis, data preprocessing, and supervised learning. | structured data in data science | Data analysis typically involves working with structured datasets to answer specific questions or solve specific problems. This can involve tasks such as data cleaning and data visualization to summarize data and develop hypotheses about relationships between variables. Data analysts typically use statistical methods to test these hypotheses and draw conclusions from the data. | 5affixal |
High Fantasy | Characteristics of low fantasy | By contrast, low fantasy is characterized by being set on Earth, the primary or real world, or a rational and familiar fictional world with the inclusion of magical elements. | Characteristics of high fantasy | High fantasy is usually set in an alternative, fictional ('secondary') world, rather than the 'real' or 'primary' world. This secondary world is usually internally consistent, but its rules differ from those of the primary world. | 8mid antonyms |
History of rock music | What is the uncommon rock music subgenre that emerged in the late 1960s? | A few distinct rock music subgenres had emerged by the late 1960s, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, Southern rock, raga rock, and jazz rock. These subgenres contributed to the uncommon development of psychedelic rock, influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene. | What is the common rock music subgenre that emerged in the late 1960s? | A few distinct rock music subgenres had emerged by the late 1960s, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, Southern rock, raga rock, and jazz rock. These subgenres contributed to the common development of psychedelic rock, influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene. | 5affixal |
Creative Writing | Are some creative writing programs considered an extension of the English discipline? | Some creative writing programs are, in fact, viewed as an extension of the English discipline, particularly in the US. | Is there any creative writing program that is not considered an extension of the English discipline? | There exists some debate in academia whether any creative writing program is definitively considered an extension of the English discipline, suggesting some are not. | 4subcontradiction |
Graphic Design | Which areas should avoid being identified solely with sketch and drawing production in graphic design? | In this sense, in some countries graphic design is related as only associated with the production of sketches and drawings, this is incorrect, since visual communication is a small part of a huge range of types and classes where it can be applied. | Which areas should be identified with sketch and drawing production in graphic design? | Graphic design as a profession involves creativity, innovation, and lateral thinking, using manual or digital tools. It usually involves the use of text and graphics to communicate visually, where sketch and drawing production are essential elements. | 6implicit |
Vaccination | Are all vaccines approved by regulatory authorities like the FDA rigorously tested for safety and efficacy? | All vaccines undergo rigorous clinical trials to ensure their safety and efficacy before approval by regulatory authorities such as the FDA. This includes extensive testing in cell cultures, animal studies, and multiple phases of human trials to confirm safety and effectiveness. | Is there some vaccine that is not rigorously tested for safety or efficacy by regulatory authorities like the FDA? | There is at least one instance, like the swine flu vaccination in 1976, where not all safety concerns were initially anticipated, highlighting that some vaccines may not be fully rigorously tested beforehand. | 2contradiction |
Stand-up comedy | What factors contribute to the success of a stand-up comedian's performance? | Success hinges on creating spontaneity, fostering intimacy, and deterring heckling. A seasoned comic is able to instantly react to the audience's reaction and use it to further the narrative. | What factors contribute to the failure of a stand-up comedian's performance? | If they are doing poorly, they are dying. Stand-up comedians failing to get laughs are considered to be bombing. | 8mid antonyms |
History of theater | What is an unaccomplished playwright in ancient Greek theatre? | A notable example of a relatively unaccomplished playwright in ancient Greek theatre could be those whose works did not survive the passage of time. While Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides have complete texts extant, other playwrights from the era remain unaccomplished in terms of complete work preservation. | What is an accomplished playwright in ancient Greek theatre? | A notable example of an accomplished playwright in ancient Greek theatre is Aeschylus, whose complete texts have survived. Alongside Sophocles and Euripides, Aeschylus contributed significantly to the theatrical culture and left a lasting impact on drama. | 5affixal |
Experimental Film | For all experimental films, are they characterized by the absence of linear narrative? | For all experimental films, they are often characterized by the absence of linear narrative, the use of various abstracting techniques—out-of-focus, painting or scratching on film, rapid editing. | Is it not the case that there exists any experimental film characterized by the absence of linear narrative? | It is not the case that there exists any experimental film which is not characterized by an absence of linear narrative. | 3contrary |
Indie Rock | Which indie rock bands refuse to conform to mainstream radio? | During the 1990s, the mainstream success of grunge and Britpop brought increased attention to the genre and saw record labels use their independent status as a marketing tactic. This led to a split within indie rock: one side conforming to mainstream radio; the other refusing conformity and becoming increasingly experimental. | Which indie rock bands conform to mainstream radio? | During the 1990s, the mainstream success of grunge and Britpop brought increased attention to the genre and saw record labels use their independent status as a marketing tactic. This led to a split within indie rock: one side conforming to mainstream radio and becoming more accessible. | 6implicit |
Dinosaurs | Which animals had no erect hind limb posture characteristic of true dinosaurs? | None of them had the erect hind limb posture characteristic of true dinosaurs. | Which animals had erect hind limb posture characteristic of true dinosaurs? | Dinosaurs can be generally described as archosaurs with hind limbs held erect beneath the body. | 0sentential |
Archaeology of the Americas | What South American archaeological sites have no pyramids? | Important South American archaeological sites include: Chavín de Huántar, Pikillaqta, Machu Picchu, Tiwanaku, Monte Verde, and the Upano Valley sites. There are typically no pyramids found at South American sites like Monte Verde. | What South American archaeological sites have pyramids? | Some South American archaeological sites with pyramids include ancient Inca sites, such as the Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna near Trujillo, Peru. These sites are known for their large pyramid structures made primarily from adobe brick. Additionally, Caral, located in the Supe Valley of Peru, is known for its pyramid-like structures, which are among the oldest in the Americas. | 0sentential |
List of board games | What are some uncommon board games? | Single-player board games and cooperative games are common, but many might not be familiar with uncommon games like Arkham Horror and Agricola that have solo variants. These games offer unique solo experiences unlike traditional multiplayer formats. | What are some common board games? | Some common board games include popular titles such as Chess, Monopoly, and Scrabble. These games have been widely played and enjoyed for generations, making them a staple in households around the world. | 5affixal |
Textile Engineering | What is the range of counts considered coarse in the United Kingdom for cotton yarn? | In the United Kingdom, counts from 10 to 40 are coarse (Oldham Counts). | What is the range of counts considered fine in the United Kingdom for cotton yarn? | In the United Kingdom, counts above 80 are considered fine for cotton yarn. | 9polar antonyms |
Global warming | What are some species that ignore relocation due to climate change? | Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct. However, some species, despite the changes, ignore relocation and unfortunately face extinction as a result. | What are some species that relocate due to climate change? | Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate due to climate change. These species adapt by moving to new habitats to survive the changing conditions. | 6implicit |
Drama | What historical account states that all surviving comedies of Terence include music? | According to historical records, all surviving comedies of Terence are known for including music. His works, which survived the ancient period, demonstrate the integration of musical elements into dramatic narratives. | Is there something historically recorded where not all of Roman drama led to a full narrative performance? | Historical records suggest that there exists a period in Roman history where not all dramas led to a comprehensive theatrical performance, as interests shifted to varied entertainment forms. | 2contradiction |
Meditation | Which forms of meditation ignore religious or spiritual influences? | Meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions, though it is also practised independently from any religious or spiritual influences for its health benefits. Asian meditative techniques have spread to other cultures where they have found application in non-spiritual contexts, such as business and health. | Which forms of meditation include religious or spiritual influences? | Meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, where it plays a significant role in religious practices. It is also integrated into Islamic Sufism, Jewish Kabbalah, and Christian Hesychasm. | 6implicit |
Digital photography | What are the causes of disconnection between digital cameras and computers? | Digital cameras may face issues such as disconnection when linked to computers. This can be due to faulty cables, incompatible drivers, or disfunctional USB ports. | What are the causes of connection between digital cameras and computers? | A successful connection between digital cameras and computers is typically achieved with compatible drivers, functional USB ports, and intact cables. High-quality cables and updated software help facilitate this connection. | 5affixal |
Punk rock | Does every mid-1960s garage band contribute to the punk rock genre? | For all mid-1960s garage bands, they contributed to the emerging punk rock genre as described by critics in the early 1970s. | Is there a mid-1960s garage band that did not contribute to the punk rock genre? | There exists a mid-1960s garage band that did not contribute to the punk rock genre. | 2contradiction |
Drama | Ignore dramatists whose works no longer survive. | The passage mentions that no plays from either writer Livius Andronicus or Gnaeus Naevius have survived. Thus, it is best to ignore these dramatists when considering the available early Roman drama. | Include dramatists whose works still survive. | The passage highlights that the works of Titus Maccius Plautus (Plautus) and Publius Terentius Afer (Terence) have survived, showcasing the influence of their comedies. These dramatists should be included in any study of Roman drama. | 6implicit |
Climate change | What are all the impacts of climate change on Earth's environments? | Climate change impacts all of Earth's environments by causing expanding deserts, more common heat waves and wildfires, thawing permafrost, retreat of glaciers and sea ice decline in the Arctic, and more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. | Are there any species that are not affected by climate change? | While most species are impacted by climate change, there exist species that have not yet been affected as severely. | 2contradiction |
Stand-up comedy | Are there any stand-up comedy performances where some stand-up comedians perform satirical monologues to live audiences? | Some stand-up comedy performances feature comedians delivering satirical monologues to their live audiences, incorporating unique styles and interactive elements. | Is there a stand-up comedy performance where a stand-up comedian does not perform a satirical monologue to a live audience? | There is an instance where a stand-up comedy performance deviates from the norm, as not every performance includes a satirical monologue presented to a live audience. | 4subcontradiction |
Augmented Reality | What are unintentional ways augmented reality changes user experiences? | Augmented reality can unintentional impact user experiences by blending digital elements seamlessly into the physical world, influencing perceptions without the users' active decision to engage. The integration is immersive and may alter perceptions of a real-world environment as an unintentional consequence of its design. | What are intentional ways augmented reality changes user experiences? | Augmented reality intentionally enhances user experiences by adding digital layers that interact with the real world, such as educational content accessed via AR applications or products previewed in real-life environments. These intentional uses of AR are designed to integrate immersive sensations into natural parts of an environment, seamlessly blending digital content with a user's perception of the surrounding world. | 5affixal |
Democracy | Current countries governed by democracy | As of 2022, less than half the world's population lives in a democracy according to the V-Dem Democracy indices and The Economist Democracy Index. | Current countries governed by aristocracy | In modern times, very few countries operate strictly as an aristocracy where power is held by an elite, as the majority have transitioned to other forms of governance, such as democracy or constitutional monarchies. | 9polar antonyms |
Memes | Are there some memes that spread by means of imitation from person to person within a culture? | Some memes spread by means of imitation from person to person within a culture, acting as units for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices. | Is there any meme that does not spread by means of imitation from person to person within a culture? | There exists a meme that does not spread by means of imitation from person to person within a culture, as some may mutate or respond differently to selective pressures. | 4subcontradiction |
Cyberpunk | List of successful cyberpunk films. | The Matrix trilogy (1999–2003) and Judge Dredd (1995) were some of the most successful cyberpunk films. | List of failed cyberpunk films. | The films Johnny Mnemonic (1995) and New Rose Hotel (1998), both based upon short stories by William Gibson, flopped commercially and critically. | 7immediate antonyms |
Cultural Anthropology | How did cultural anthropologists avoid ethnocentrism? | Boas and his students realized that if they were to conduct scientific research in other cultures, they would need to employ methods that would help them escape the limits of their own ethnocentrism. One such method is that of ethnography. This method advocates living with people of another culture for an extended period of time to learn the local language and be enculturated, at least partially, into that culture. | How did cultural anthropologists incorporate ethnocentrism? | Western ethnocentrism often influenced initial cultural studies, leading early anthropologists to consciously believe that their own people's arts, values, and beliefs were the most beautiful, virtuous, and truthful. However, this perspective was later corrected by applying methods like ethnography to understand cultures in their own terms. | 6implicit |
Gothic Fiction | Who were contributors to Gothic fiction in the 19th century except American writers? | Novelists such as Mary Shelley, Charles Maturin, Walter Scott and E. T. A. Hoffmann frequently drew upon gothic motifs in their works as well. Gothic aesthetics continued to be used throughout the early Victorian period in novels by Charles Dickens, Brontë sisters. Later, Gothic fiction evolved through well-known works like Dracula by Bram Stoker, The Beetle by Richard Marsh, and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. | Who were contributors to Gothic fiction in the 19th century? | Gothic aesthetics continued to be used throughout the early Victorian period in works by the American writers, Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne. | 1exceptor |
Hypnosis | What theories explain hypnosis except for altered state theories? | Non-state theories see hypnosis as, variously, a type of placebo effect, a redefinition of an interaction with a therapist or a form of imaginative role enactment. | What theories explain hypnosis? | Altered state theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary state of consciousness. | 1exceptor |
Hypnosis | In what ways do all definitions of hypnosis involve suggestion and altered perception? | In various definitions of hypnosis, it is universally acknowledged that the act involves suggestion and altered perception. All authors agree on the influence exerted through suggestion as part of the procedure. | Is it true that no definitions of hypnosis involve suggestion? | It is incorrect that none of the definitions involve suggestion; in fact, suggestion is a common theme among most definitions, emphasizing its importance in hypnosis. | 3contrary |
Graphic Design | When did graphic design originate, except the late 19th century? | Graphic design as applied art was initially linked to the boom of the rise of printing in Europe in the 15th century and the growth of consumer culture in the Industrial Revolution. From there it emerged as a distinct profession in the West, closely associated with advertising in the 19th century. Given the rapid and massive growth in information exchange today, the demand for experienced designers is greater than ever, particularly because of the development of new technologies and the need to pay attention to human factors beyond the competence of the engineers who develop them. | When did graphic design originate? | By the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the West, partly due to the process of labor specialization that occurred there and partly due to the new technologies and business possibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution. | 1exceptor |
Waste management in the United States | Do some states in the USA produce electronic waste? | Some states contribute heavily to the production of electronic waste, with every state playing a part in the issue. | Is there a state in the USA that does not produce some form of electronic waste? | There is no state in the USA that doesn't produce some form of electronic waste; every state contributes to this growing problem. | 4subcontradiction |
Creative Writing | How does creative writing help reduce isolation in students? | Creative writing can increase students' academic performance and psychological resilience. Students build resilience by documenting and analyzing their experiences, providing new perspectives on old situations and providing a means to sort emotions. It also increases a student's level of compassion and creates a sense of community among students in what could otherwise be deemed an isolating classroom. | How does creative writing help build community in students? | Through creative writing, students develop a sense of community by engaging in extracurricular writing-based activities such as publishing clubs, school literary magazines or newspapers, and writing contests. These activities foster collaboration and sharing among students, enhancing their engagement and sense of belonging within the school environment. | 9polar antonyms |
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