{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6863e33486cd49f596cbf2aa42c150b8", "conversation_index": 380099, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1007, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60%\nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_2 & NAME_3 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93, '\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price of each share, and the market value or value without outputting anything. The SYMBOL column must be short, no more than 15 characters and must COMPLETELY UNIQUELY identify the row. Give ONLY a CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security."}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "fa18b5601651871b7448f88a65f303b2254581a528df42d3", "conversation_index": 1304, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 12990, "prompt": "Paracosm: A Test Framework for Autonomous Driving Simulations\n\nRupak Majumdar\n\nAman Mathur\n\nMarcus Pirron\n\nLaura Stegner\n\nDamien Zufferey\n\nA Paracosm program consists of parameterized reactive components such as the test vehicle, the environment, road networks, other actors and their behaviors, and monitors. The test input generation scheme guarantees good coverage over the parameter space. The test scenario depicted here shows a test vehicle stopping for a jaywalking pedestrian.\n\nIntroduction\n\nBuilding autonomous driving systems requires complex and intricate engineering effort. At the same time, ensuring their reliability and safety is an extremely difficult task. There are serious public safety and trust concerns1, aggravated by recent accidents involving autonomous cars2. Software in such vehicles combine well-defined tasks such as trajectory planning, steering, acceleration and braking, with underspecified tasks such as building a semantic model of the environment from raw sensor data and making decisions using this model. Unfortunately, these underspecified tasks are critical to the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, testing in large varieties of realistic scenarios is the only way to build confidence in the correctness of the overall system.\n\nRunning real tests is a necessary, but slow and costly process. It is difficult to reproduce corner cases due to infrastructure and safety issues; one can neither run over pedestrians to demonstrate a failing test case, nor wait for specific weather and road conditions. Therefore, the automotive industry tests autonomous systems in virtual simulation environments. Simulation reduces the cost per test, and more importantly, gives precise control over all aspects of the environment, so as to test corner cases.\n\nA major limitation of current tools is the lack of customizability: they either provide a GUI-based interface to design an environment piece-by-piece, or focus on bespoke pre-made environments. This makes the setup of varied scenarios difficult and time consuming. Though exploiting parametricity in simulation is useful and effective, the cost of environment setup, and navigating large parameter spaces, is quite high. Prior works have used bespoke environments with limited parametricity. More recently, programmatic interfaces have been proposed to make such test procedures more systematic. However, the simulated environments are largely still fixed, with no dynamic behavior.\n\nA Paracosm program consists of parameterized reactive components such as the test vehicle, the environment, road networks, other actors and their behaviors, and monitors. The test input generation scheme guarantees good coverage over the parameter space. The test scenario depicted here shows a test vehicle stopping for a jaywalking pedestrian.\n\nIn this work, we present Paracosm, a programmatic interface that enables the design of parameterized environments and test cases. Test parameters control the environment and the behaviors of the actors involved. Paracosm supports various test input generation strategies, and we provide a notion of coverage for these. Rather than computing coverage over intrinsic properties of the system under test (which is not yet understood for neural networks ), our coverage criteria is over the space of test parameters. Figure 2 depicts the various parts of a Paracosm test. A Paracosm program represents a family of tests, where each instantiation of the program’s parameters is a concrete test case.\n\nParacosm is based on a synchronous reactive programming model. Components, such as road segments or cars, receive streams of inputs and produce streams of outputs over time. In addition, components have graphical assets to describe their appearance for an underlying visual rendering engine and physical properties for an underlying physics simulator. For example, a vehicle in Paracosm not only has code that reads in sensor feeds and outputs steering angle or braking, but also has a textured mesh representing its shape, position and orientation in 3D space, and a physics model for its dynamical behavior. A Paracosm configuration consists of a composition of several components. Using a set of system-defined components (road segments, cars, pedestrians, etc.) combined using expressive operations from the underlying reactive programming model, users can set up complex temporally varying driving scenarios. For example, one can build an urban road network with intersections, pedestrians and vehicular traffic, and parameterize both, environment conditions (lighting, fog), and behaviors (when a pedestrian crosses a street).\n\nStreams in the world description can be left “open” and, during testing, Paracosm automatically generates sequences of values for these streams. We use a coverage strategy based on $k$-wise combinatorial coverage for discrete variables and dispersion for continuous variables. Intuitively, $k$-wise coverage ensures that, for a programmer-specified parameter $k$, all possible combinations of values of any $k$ discrete parameters are covered by tests. Low dispersion ensures that there are no “large empty holes” left in the continuous parameter space. Paracosm uses an automatic test generation strategy that offers high coverage based on random sampling over discrete parameters and deterministic quasi-Monte Carlo methods for continuous parameters.\n\nLike many of the projects referenced before, our implementation performs simulations inside a game engine. However, Paracosm configurations can also be output to the OpenDRIVE format for use with other simulators, which is more in-line with the current industry standard. We demonstrate through various case studies how Paracosm can be an effective testing framework for both qualitative properties (crash) and quantitative properties (distance maintained while following a car, or image misclassification).\n\nOur main contributions are the following:\n\nWe present a programmable and expressive framework for programmatically modeling complex and parameterized scenarios to test autonomous driving systems. Using Paracosm one can specify the environment’s layout, behaviors of actors, and expose parameters to a systematic testing infrastructure.\n\nWe define a notion of test coverage based on combinatorial $k$-wise coverage in discrete space and low dispersion in continuous space. We show a test generation strategy based on fuzzing that theoretically guarantees good coverage.\n\nWe demonstrate empirically that our system is able to express complex scenarios and automatically test autonomous driving agents and find incorrect behaviors or degraded performance.\n\nParacosm through Examples\n\nWe now provide a walkthrough of Paracosm through a testing example. Suppose we have an autonomous vehicle to test. Its implementation is wrapped into a parameterized class:\n\n [numbers=none, basicstyle=\\small\\ttfamily]\nAutonomousVehicle(start, model, controller) { \n    void run(...) {... } }\n\nwhere the model ranges over possible car models (appearance, physics), and the controller implements an autonomous controller. The goal is to test this class in many different driving scenarios, including different road networks, weather and light conditions, and other car and pedestrian traffic. We show how Paracosm enables writing such tests as well as generate test inputs automatically.\n\nA test configuration consists of a composition of reactive objects. The following is an outline of a test configuration in Paracosm, in which the autonomous vehicle drives on a road with a pedestrian wanting to cross. We have simplified the API syntax for the sake of clarity and omit the enclosing Test class. In the code segments, we use ‘:’ for named arguments.\n\n// Test parameters\nlight = VarInterval(0.2, 1.0) // value in [0.2, 1.0]\nnlanes = VarEnum({2,4,6}) // value is 2, 4 or 6\n// Description of environment\nw = World(light:light, fog:0)\n// Create a road segment\nr = StraightRoadSegment(len:100, nlanes:nlanes)\n// The autonomous vehicle controlled by the SUT\nv = AutonomousVehicle(start:...,model:...,controller:...)\n// Some other actor(s)\np = Pedestrian(start:.., model:...,...)\n// Monitor to check some property\nc = CollisionMonitor(v) \n// Place elements in the world\nrun_test(env: {w, r, v, p}, test_params: {light, nlanes}, monitors: {c}, iterations: 100)\n\nAn instantiation of the reactive objects in the test configuration gives a scene—all the visual elements present in the simulated world. A test case provides concrete inputs to each “open” input stream in a scene. A test case determines how the scene evolves over time: how the cars and pedestrians move and how environment conditions change. We go through each part of the test configuration in detail below.\n\nReactive Objects.\n\nThe core abstraction of Paracosm is a reactive object. Reactive objects capture geometric and graphical features of a physical object, as well as their behavior over time. The behavioral interface for each reactive object has a set of input streams and a set of output streams. The evolution of the world is computed in steps of fixed duration which corresponds to events in a predefined tick stream. For streams that correspond to physical quantities updated by the physics simulator, such as position and speeds of cars, etc., appropriate events are generated by the underlying physics simulator.\n\nInput streams provide input values from the environment over time; output streams represent output values computed by the object. The object’s constructor sets up the internal state of the object. An object is updated by event triggered computations. Paracosm provides a set of assets as base classes. Autonomous driving systems naturally fit reactive programming models. They consume sensor input streams and produce actuator streams for the vehicle model. We differentiate between static environment reactive objects (subclassing Geometric) and dynamic actor reactive objects (subclassing Physical). Environment reactive objects represent “static” components of the world, such as road segments, intersections, buildings or trees, and a special component called the world. Actor reactive objects represent components with “dynamic” behavior: vehicles or pedestrians. The world object is used to model features of the world such as lighting or weather conditions. Reactive objects can be composed to generate complex assemblies from simple objects. The composition process can be used to connect static components structurally–such as two road segments connecting at an intersection. Composition also connects the behavior of an object to another by binding output streams to input streams. At run time, the values on that input stream of the second object are obtained from the output values of the first. Composition must respect geometric properties—the runtime system ensures that a composition maintains invariants such as no intersection of geometric components. We now describe the main features in Paracosm, centered around the test configuration above.\n\nTest Parameters.\n\nUsing test variables, we can have general, but constrained streams of values passed into objects. Our automatic test generator can then pick values for these variables, thereby leading to different test cases (see Figure 3). There are two types of parameters: continuous (VarInterval) and discrete (VarEnum). In the example presented, light (light intensity) is a continuous test parameter and nlanes (number of lanes) is discrete.\n\nWorld.\n\nThe World is a pre-defined reactive object in Paracosm with a visual representation responsible for atmospheric conditions like the light intensity, direction and color, fog density, etc. The code segment\n\nw = World(light:light, fog:0)\n\nparameterizes the world using a test variable for light and sets the fog density to a constant (0).\n\nReactive streams represented by a marble diagram. A change in the value of test parameters nlanes or light changes the environment, and triggers a change in the corresponding sensor (output) stream camera.\n\nRoad Segments.\n\nIn our example, StraightRoadSegment was parameterized with the number of lanes. In general, Paracosm provides the ability to build complex road networks by connecting primitives of individual road segments and intersections. (A detailed example is presented in the Appendices.)\n\nIt may seem surprising that we model static scene components such as roads as reactive objects. This serves two purposes. First, we can treat the number of lanes in a road segment as a constant input stream that is set by the test case, allowing parameterized test cases. Second, certain features of static objects can also change over time. For example, the coefficient of friction on a road segment may depend on the weather condition, which can be a function of time.\n\nAutonomous Vehicles & System Under Test (SUT).\n\nAutonomousVehicle, as well as other actors, extends the Physical class (which in turn subclasses Geometric). This means that these objects have a visual as well as a physical model. The visual model is essentially a textured 3D mesh. The physical model contains properties such as mass, moments of inertia of separate bodies in the vehicle, joints, etc. This is used by the physics simulator to compute the vehicle’s motion in response to external forces and control input. In the following code segment, we instantiate and place our test vehicle on the road:\n\nv = AutonomousVehicle(start:r.onLane(1, 0.1), model:CarAsset(...), controller:MyController(...))\n\nThe start parameter “places” the vehicle in the world (in relative coordinates). The model parameter provides the implementation of the geometric and physical model of the vehicle. The controller parameter implements the autonomous controller under test. The internals of the controller implementation are not important; what is important is its interface (sensor inputs and the actuator outputs). These determine the input and output streams that are passed to the controller during simulation. For example, a typical controller can take sensor streams such as image streams from a camera as input and produce throttle and steering angles as outputs. The Paracosm framework “wires” these streams appropriately. For example, the rendering engine determines the camera images based on the geometry of the scene and the position of the camera and the controller outputs are fed to the physics engine to determine the updated scene. Though simpler systems like openpilot use only a dashboard-mounted camera, autonomous vehicles can, in general, mix cameras at various mount points, LiDARs, radars, and GPS. Paracosm can emulate many common types of sensors which produce streams of data. It is also possible to integrate new sensors, which are not supported out-of-the-box, by implementing them using the game engine’s API.\n\nOther Actors.\n\nA test often involves many actors such as pedestrians, and other (non-test) vehicles. Apart from the standard geometric (optionally physical) properties, these can also have some pre-programmed behavior. Behaviors can either be only dependent on the starting position (say, a car driving straight on the same lane), or be dynamic and reactive, depending on test parameters and behaviors of other actors. In general, the reactive nature of objects enables complex scenarios to be built. For example, here, we specify a simple behavior of a pedestrian crossing a road. The pedestrian starts crossing the road when a car is a certain distance away. In the code segments below, we use ‘_’ as shorthand for a lamdba expression, i.e., “f(_)” is the same as “x => f(x)”.\n\n [numbers=none, basicstyle=\\small\\ttfamily]\nPedestrian(value start, value target, carPos, value dist, value speed) extends Geometric {\n ... // Initialization\n  // Generate an event when the car gets close\n  trigger = carPos.Filter( abs(_ - start) < dist )\n  // target location reached\n  done = pos.Filter( _ == target )\n  // Walk to the target after trigger fires\n  tick.SkipUntil(trigger).TakeUntil(done).foreach(... /* walk with given speed */ )\n}\n\nMonitors and Test Oracles.\n\nParacosm provides an API to provide qualitative and quantitative temporal specifications. For instance, in the following example, we check that there is no collision and ensure that the collision was not trivially avoided because our vehicle did not move at all.\n\n [numbers=none, basicstyle=\\small\\ttfamily]\n// no collision\nCollisionMonitor(AutonomousVehicle v) extends Monitor {\n  assert(v.collider.IsEmpty()) }\n// cannot trivially pass the test by staying put\nDistanceMonitor(AutonomousVehicle v, value minD) extends Monitor {\n  pOld = v.pos.Take(1).Concat(v.pos)\n  D = v.pos.Zip(pOld).Map( abs(_ - _) ).Sum()\n  assert(D >= minD)\n}\n\nThe ability to write monitors which read streams of system-generated events provides an expressive framework to write temporal properties, something that has been identified as a major limitation of prior tools. Monitors for metric and signal temporal logic specifications can be encoded in the usual way.\n\nSystematic Testing of Paracosm Worlds\n\nTest Inputs and Coverage\n\nWorlds in Paracosm directly describe a parameterized family of tests. The testing framework allows users to specify various strategies to generate input streams for both, static, and dynamic reactive objects in the world.\n\nTest Cases.\n\nA test of duration $T$ executes a configuration of reactive objects by providing inputs to every open input stream in the configuration for $T$ ticks. The inputs for each stream must satisfy const parameters and respect the range constraints from VarInterval and VarEnum. The runtime system manages the scheduling of inputs and pushing input streams to the reactive objects. Let $\\mathsf{In}$ denote the set of all input streams, and $\\mathsf{In} = \\mathsf{In}_D \\cup \\mathsf{In}_C$ denote the partition of $\\mathsf{In}$ into discrete streams and continuous streams respectively. Discrete streams take their value over a finite, discrete range; for example, the color of a car, the number of lanes on a road segment, or the position of the next pedestrian (left/right) are discrete streams. Continuous streams take their values in a continuous (bounded) interval. For example, the fog density or the speed of a vehicle are examples of continuous streams.\n\nCoverage.\n\nIn the setting of autonomous vehicle testing, one often wants to explore the state space of a parameterized world to check “how well” an autonomous vehicle works under various situations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Thus, we now introduce a notion of coverage. Instead of structural coverage criteria such as line or branch coverage, our goal is to cover the parameter space. In the following, for simplicity of notation, we assume that all discrete streams take values from ${\\{ 0,1 \\}}$, and all continuous streams take values in the real interval $[0,1]$. Any input stream over bounded intervals—discrete or continuous—can be encoded into such streams. For discrete streams, there are finitely many tests, since each co-ordinate is Boolean and there is a fixed number of co-ordinates. One can define the coverage as the fraction of the number of vectors tested to the total number of vectors. Unfortunately, the total number of vectors is very high: if each stream is constant, then there are already $2^{n}$ tests for $n$ streams. Instead, we consider the notion of $k$-wise testing from combinatorial testing. In $k$-wise testing, we fix a parameter $k$, and ask that every interaction between every $k$ elements is tested. Let us be more precise. Suppose that a test vector has $N$ co-ordinates, where each co-ordinate can get the value $0$ or $1$. A set of tests $A$ is a $k$-wise covering family if for every subset ${\\{ i_1, i_2,\\ldots, i_k \\}} \\subseteq {\\{ 1,\\ldots, N \\}}$ of co-ordinates and every vector $v\\in {\\{ 0,1 \\}}^k$, there is a test $t\\in A$ whose restriction to the $i_1,\\ldots, i_k$ is precisely $v$.\n\nFor continuous streams, the situation is more complex: since any continuous interval has infinitely many points, each corresponding to a different test case, we cannot directly define coverage as a ratio (the denominator will be infinite). Instead, we define coverage using the notion of dispersion. Intuitively, dispersion measures the largest empty space left by a set of tests. We assume a (continuous) test is a vector in $[0,1]^N$: each entry is picked from the interval $[0,1]$ and there are $N$ co-ordinates. Dispersion over $[0,1]^N$ can be defined relative to sets of neighborhoods, such as $N$-dimensional balls or axis-parallel rectangles. Let us define ${\\mathcal{B}}$ to be the family of $N$-dimensional axis-parallel rectangles in $[0,1]^N$, our results also hold for other notions of neighborhoods such as balls or ellipsoids. For a neighborhood $B\\in{\\mathcal{B}}$, let $\\mathit{vol}(B)$ denote the volume of $B$. Given a set $A \\subseteq [0,1]^N$ of tests, we define the dispersion as the largest volume neighborhood in ${\\mathcal{B}}$ without any test: $$\\mathsf{dispersion}(A) = \\sup{\\{ \\mathrm{vol}(B) \\mid B\\in{\\mathcal{B}}\\mbox{ and } A \\cap B = \\emptyset \\}}$$ A lower dispersion means better coverage.\n\nLet us summarize. Suppose that a test vector consists of $N_D$ discrete co-ordinates and $N_C$ continuous co-ordinates; that is, a test is a vector $(t_D, t_C)$ in ${\\{ 0,1 \\}}^{N_D} \\times [0, 1]^{N_C}$. We say a set of tests $A$ is $(k, \\varepsilon)$-covering if\n\n 1. for each set of $k$ co-ordinates ${\\{ i_1,\\ldots, i_k \\}} \\subseteq {\\{ 1,\\ldots, N_D \\}}$ and each vector $v\\in {\\{ 0,1 \\}}^k$, there is a test $(t_D, t_C) \\in {\\{ 0,1 \\}}^{N_D} \\times [0,1]^{N_C}$ such that the restriction of $t_D$ to the co-ordinates $i_1,\\ldots, i_k$ is $v$; and\n\n 2. for each $(t_D, t_C)\\in A$, the set ${\\{ t_C \\mid (t_D, t_C)\\in A \\}}$ has dispersion at most $\\epsilon$.\n\nTest Generation\n\nThe goal of our default test generator is to maximize $(k, \\epsilon)$ for programmer-specified number of test iterations or ticks.\n\n$k$-Wise Covering Family.\n\nOne can use explicit construction results from combinatorial testing to generate $k$-wise covering families. However, a simple way to generate such families with high probability is random testing. The proof is by the probabilistic method (see also ). Let $A$ be a set of $2^k(k \\log N - \\log \\delta)$ uniformly randomly generated ${\\{ 0,1 \\}}^N$ vectors. Then $A$ is a $k$-wise covering family with probability at least $1-\\delta$.\n\nLow Dispersion Sequences.\n\nIt is tempting to think that uniformly generating vectors from $[0,1]^N$ would similarly give low dispersion sequences. Indeed, as the number of tests goes to infinity, the set of randomly generated tests has dispersion $0$ almost surely. However, when we fix the number of tests, it is well known that uniform random sampling can lead to high dispersion ; in fact, one can show that the dispersion of $n$ uniformly randomly generated tests grows asymptotically as $O((\\log \\log n/n)^{\\frac{1}{2}})$ almost surely. Our test generation strategy is based on deterministic quasi-Monte Carlo sequences, which have much better dispersion properties, asymptotically of the order of $O(1/n)$, than the dispersion behavior of uniformly random tests. There are many different algorithms for generating quasi-Monte Carlo sequences deterministically (see, e.g., ). We use Halton sequences. For a given $\\epsilon$, we need to generate $O(\\frac{1}{\\epsilon})$ inputs via Halton sampling. In Section 4.2, we compare uniform random and Halton sampling.\n\nCost Functions and Local Search.\n\nIn many situations, testers want to optimize parameter values for a specific function. A simple example of this is finding higher-speed collisions, which intuitively, can be found in the vicinity of test parameters that already result in high-speed collisions. Another, slightly different case is (greybox) fuzzing, for example, finding new collisions using small mutations on parameter values that result in the vehicle narrowly avoiding a collision. Our test generator supports such quantitative objectives and local search. A quantitative monitor evaluates a cost function on a run of a test case. Our test generation tool generates an initial, randomly chosen, set of test inputs. Then, it considers the scores returned by the Monitor on these samples, and performs a local search on samples with the highest/lowest scores to find local optima of the cost function.\n\nImplementation and Tests\n\nRuntime System and Implementation\n\nParacosm uses the Unity game engine to render visuals, do runtime checks and simulate physics (via PhysX ). Reactive objects are built on top of UniRx, an implementation of the popular Reactive Extensions framework. The game engine manages geometric transformations of 3D objects and offers easy to use abstractions for generating realistic simulations. Encoding behaviors and monitors, management of 3D geometry and dynamic checks are implemented using the game engine interface.\n\nA simulation in Paracosm proceeds as follows. A test configuration is specified as a subclass of the EnvironmentProgramBaseClass. Tests are run by invoking the run_test method, which receives as input the reactive objects that should be instantiated in the world as well as additional parameters relating to the test. The run_test method runs the tests by first initializing and placing the reactive objects in the scene using their 3D mesh (if they have one) and then invoking a reactive engine to start the simulation. The system under test is run in a separate process and connects to the simulation. The simulation then proceeds until the simulation completion criteria is met (a time-out or some monitor event).\n\nOutput to Standardized Testing Formats.\n\nThere have been recent efforts to create standardized descriptions of tests in the automotive industry. The most relevant formats are OpenDRIVE and OpenSCENARIO(only recently finalized). OpenDRIVE describes road structures, and OpenSCENARIO describes actors and their behavior. Paracosm currently supports outputs to OpenDRIVE. Due to the static nature of the specification format, a different file is generated for each test iteration/configuration.\n\nEvaluation\n\nWe evaluate Paracosm with respect to the following research questions (RQs):\nRQ 1: Does Paracosm’s programmatic interface enable the easy design of test environments and worlds?\nRQ 2: Do the test input generation strategies discussed in Section 3 effectively explore the parameter space?\nRQ 3: Can Paracosm help uncover poor performance or bad behavior of the SUT in common autonomous driving tasks?\n\nMethodology.\n\nTo answer RQ 1, we develop three independent environments rich with visual features and other actors, and use the variety generated with just a few lines of code as a proxy for ease of design. To answer RQ 2, we use coverage maximizing strategies for test inputs to all the three environments/case studies. We also use and evaluate cost functions and local search based methods. To answer RQ 3, we test various neural network based systems and demonstrate how Paracosm can help uncover problematic scenarios. A summary of the case studies presented here is available in Table [tab:case_study_summary]. In the Appendices, we present more case studies, specifically experiments on many pre-trained neural networks, busy urban environments and studies exploiting specific testing features of Paracosm.\n\n[tab:case_study_summary]\n\nAn overview of our case studies. Note that even though the Adaptive Cruise Control study has 2 discrete parameters, we calculate k-wise coverage for 3 as the 2 parameters require 3 bits for representation.\n             Road segmentation                  Jaywalking pedestrian            Adaptive Cruise Control                              \nSUT          VGGNet CNN                         NVIDIA CNN                       NVIDIA CNN                                           \nTraining     191 images                         403 image & car control samples  1034 image & car control samples                     \nTest params  3 discrete                         2 continuous                     3 continuous, 2 discrete                             \nTest iters   100                                100, 15s timeout                 100, 15s timeout                                     \nMonitor      Ground truth                       Scored Collision                 Collision & Distance                                 \nCoverage     $k = 3$ with probability $\\sim 1$  $\\epsilon = 0.041$               $\\epsilon = 0.043$, $k = 3$ with probability $\\sim 1$\n\n\nCase Studies\n\nRoad segmentation\n\n[fig:road_seg_training]\n\n[fig:road_seg_test]\n\n[fig:road_seg]\n\n[tab:kittiseg_summary]\n\nSummary of results of the road segmentation case study. Each combination of parameter values is presented separately, with the parameter values used for training in bold. We report the SUT’s average true positive rate (% of pixels corresponding to the road that are correctly classified) and false positive rate (% of pixels that are not road, but incorrectly classified as road).\n# lanes  # cars  Lighting  # test iters  True positive (%)  False positive (%)\n2        5       Noon      12            70%                5.1%              \n2        5       Evening   14            53.4%              22.4%             \n2        0       Evening   12            51.4%              18.9%             \n2        0       Noon      12            71.3%              6%                \n4        5       Evening   10            60.4%              7.1%              \n4        5       Noon      16            68.5%              20.2%             \n4        0       Evening   13            51.5%              7.1%              \n4        0       Noon      11            83.3%              21%               \n\n\nUsing Paracosm’s programmatic interface, we design a long road segment with several vehicles. The vehicular behavior is to drive on their respective lanes with a fixed maximum velocity. The test parameters are the number of lanes ($\\{2,\\: 4\\}$), number of cars in the environment ($\\{0,\\: 5\\}$) and light conditions ($\\{Noon,\\: Evening\\}$). Noon lighting is much brighter than the evening. The direction of lighting is also the opposite. We test a deep CNN called VGGNet, that is known to perform well on several image segmentation benchmarks. The task is road segmentation, i.e., given a camera image, identifying which pixels correspond to the road. The network is trained on 191 dashcam images captured in the test environment with fixed parameters ($2$ lanes, $5$ cars, and $Noon$ lighting), recorded at the rate of one image every $1/10^{th}$ second, while manually driving the vehicle around (using a keyboard). We test on 100 images generated using Paracosm’s default test generation strategy (uniform random sampling for discrete parameters). Table [tab:kittiseg_summary] summarizes the test results. Tests with parameter values far away from the training set are observed to not perform so well. As depicted in Figure [fig:road_seg], this happens because varying test parameters can drastically change the scene.\n\nJaywalking pedestrian.\n\n[tbl:ped_crossing]\n\nResults for the jaywalking pedestrian case study.\nTesting strategy           Dispersion ( $\\epsilon$)  % fail  Max. collision  \nRandom                     0.092                     $7\\%$   10.5 m/s        \nHalton                     0.041                     $10\\%$  11.3 m/s        \nRandom+opt/collision       0.109                     $13\\%$  11.1 m/s        \nHalton+opt/collision       0.043                     $20\\%$  11.9 m/s        \nRandom+opt/almost failing  0.126                     $13\\%$  10.5 m/s        \nHalton+opt/almost failing  0.043                     $13\\%$  11.4 m/s        \n\n\nWe now test over the environment presented in Section 2. The environment consists of a straight road segment and a pedestrian. The pedestrian’s behavior is to cross the road at a specific walking speed when the autonomous vehicle is a specific distance away. The walking speed of the pedestrian and the distance of the autonomous vehicle when the pedestrian starts crossing the road are test parameters. The SUT is a CNN based on NVIDIA’s behavioral cloning framework. It takes camera images as input, and produces the relevant steering angle or throttle control as output. The SUT is trained on 403 samples obtained by driving the vehicle manually and recording the camera and corresponding control data. The training environment has pedestrians crossing the road at various time delays, but always at a fixed walking speed (1 m/s). In order to evaluate RQ 2 completely, we evaluate the default coverage maximizing sampling approach, as well as explore two quantitative objectives: first, maximizing the collision speed, and second, finding new failing cases around samples that almost fail. For the default approach, the CollisionMonitor as presented in Section 2 is used. For the first quantitative objective, this CollisionMonitor’s code is prepended with the following calculation:\n\n// Score is speed of car at time of collision \ncoll_speed = v.speed.CombineLatest(v.collider, (s,c) => s).First()\n\nThe score coll_speed is used by the test generator for optimization. For the second quantitative objective, the CollisionMonitor is modified to give high scores to tests where the distance between the autonomous vehicle and pedestrian is very small:\n\n [numbers=none, basicstyle=\\small\\ttfamily]\nCollisionMonitor(AutonomousVehicle v, Pedestrian p) extends Monitor {\n    minDist = v.pos.Zip(p.pos).Map(1/abs(_-_)).Min()\n    coll_score = v.collider.Map(0)\n    // Score is either 0 (collision) or 1/minDist\n    score = coll_score.DefaultIfEmpty(minDist)\n    assert(v.collider.IsEmpty())\n}\n\nWe evaluate the following test input generation strategies:\n\nRandom sampling\n\nHalton sampling,\n\nRandom or Halton sampling with local search for the two quantitative objectives.\n\nWe run 100 iterations of each strategy with a 15 second timeout. For random or Halton sampling, we sample 100 times. For the quantitative objectives, we first generate 85 random or Halton samples, then choose the top 5 scores, and finally run 3 simulated annealing iterations on each of these 5 configurations. Table [tbl:ped_crossing] presents results from the various test input generation strategies. Clearly, Halton sampling offers the lowest dispersion (highest coverage) over the parameter space. This can also be visually confirmed from the plot of test parameters (Figure [fig:Pedestrian_halton_100]). There are no big gaps in the parameter space. Moreover, we find that test strategies optimizing for the first objective are successful in finding more collisions with higher speeds. As these techniques perform simulated annealing repetitions on top of already failing tests, they also find more failing tests overall. Finally, test strategies using the second objective are also successful in finding more (newer) failure cases than simple Random or Halton sampling.\n\nRandom sampling (no opt.)\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_rand_100]\n\nRandom + opt. / maximizing collision.\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_rand_sa]\n\nRandom + opt. / almost failing.\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_random_fuzzing]\n\nHalton sampling (no opt.)\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_halton_100]\n\nHalton + opt. / maximizing collision.\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_halton_sa]\n\nHalton + opt. / almost failing.\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_halton_fuzzing]\n\nAdaptive Cruise Control.\n\nInitial offset (X-axis) vs. max. speed (Y-axis).\n\n[fig:ACC_OffsetvSpeed]\n\nInitial offset (X-axis) vs. fog density (Y-axis).\n\n[fig:ACC_OffsetvFog]\n\nMax. speed (X-axis) vs. fog density (Y-axis).\n\n[fig:ACC_SpeedvFog]\n\n[tbl:acc_results]\n\nParameterized test on Adaptive Cruise Control, separated for each value of discrete parameters, and low and high values of continuous parameters. A test passes if there are no collisions and no inactivity (the overall distance moved by the test vehicle is more than 5 m. The average offset (in m) maintained by the test vehicle to the lead car (for passing tests) is also presented.\n                                                                                                                                       \n(r)2-3(r)4-7 (r)8-9(r)10-11(r)12-13  2     4     Black  Red   Yellow  Blue  $< 24$  $\\geq 24$  $< 5.5$  $\\geq 5.5$  $< 0.5$  $\\geq 0.5$\nTest iters                           54    46    24     22    27      27    51      49         52       48          51       49        \nCollisions                           7     7     3      3     6       2     6       8          8        6           12       0         \nInactivity                           12    4     4      4     6       2     9       7          9        7           1        15        \nOffset (m)                           42.4  43.4  46.5   48.1  39.6    39.1  33.7    52.7       38.4     47.4        36.5     49.8      \n\n\nWe now create and test in an environment with our test vehicle following a car (lead car) on the same lane. The lead car’s behavior is programmed to drive on the same lane as the test vehicle, with a certain maximum speed. This is a very typical driving scenario that engineers test their implementations on. We use $5$ test parameters: the initial lead of the lead car to the test vehicle ($[8 \\: m,\\: 40 \\: m]$), the lead car’s maximum speed ($[3 \\: m/s,\\: 8 \\: m/s]$), density of fog3 in the environment ($[0,1]$), number of lanes on the road ($\\{2,\\: 4\\}$), and color of the lead car ($\\{Black, \\: Red, \\: Yello, \\: Blue\\}$). We use both, CollisionMonitor4 and DistanceMonitor, as presented in Section 2. A test passes if there is no collision and the autonomous vehicle moves atleast 5 m during the simulation duration (15 s).\n\nWe use Paracosm’s default test generation strategy, i.e., Halton sampling for continuous parameters and Random sampling for discrete parameters (no optimization or fuzzing). The SUT is the same CNN as in the previous case study. It is trained on 1034 training samples, which are obtained by manually driving behind a red lead car on the same lane of a 2-lane road with the same maximum velocity (5.5 m/s) and no fog.\n\nThe results of this case study are presented in Table [tbl:acc_results]. Looking at the discrete parameters, the number of lanes does not seem to contribute towards a risk of collision. Surprisingly, though the training only involves a Red lead car, the results appear to be the best for a Blue lead car. Moving on to the continuous parameters, the fog density appears to have the most significant impact on test failures (collision or vehicle inactivity). In the presence of dense fog, the SUT behaves pessimistically and does not accelerate much (thereby causing a failure due to inactivity). These are all interesting and useful metrics about the performance of our SUT. Plots of the results projected on to continuous parameters are presented in Figure [fig:ACC].\n\nResults and Analysis\n\nWe now summarize the results of our evaluation with respect to our RQs:\nRQ 1: All the three case studies involve varied, rich and dynamic environments. They are representative of tests engineers would typically want to do, and we parameterize many different aspects of the world and the dynamic behavior of its components. These designs are at most $70$ lines of code. This provides confidence in Paracosm’s ability of providing an easy interface for the design of realistic test environments.\nRQ 2: Our default test generation strategies are found to be quite effective at exploring the parameter space systematically, eliminating large unexplored gaps, and at the same time, successfully identifying problematic cases in all the three case studies. The jaywalking pedestrian study demonstrates that optimization and local search are possible on top of these strategies, and are quite effective in finding the relevant scenarios. The adaptive cruise control study tests over $5$ parameters, which is more than most related works, and even guarantees good coverage of this parameter space. Therefore, it is amply clear that Paracosm’s test input generation methods are useful and effective.\nRQ 3: The road segmentation case study uses a well-performing neural network for object segmentation, and we are able to detect degraded performance for automatically generated test inputs. Whereas this study focuses on static image classification, the next two, i.e., the jaywalking pedestrian and the adaptive cruise control study uncover poor performance on simulated driving, using a popular neural network architecture for self driving cars. Therefore, we can safely conclude that Paracosm can find bugs in various different kinds of systems related to autonomous driving.\n\nThreats to Validity\n\nThe internal validity of our experiments depends on having implemented our system correctly and, more importantly, trained and used the neural networks considered in the case studies correctly. For training the networks, we followed the available documentation and inspected our examples to ensure that we use an appropriate training procedure. We watched some test runs and replays of tests we did not understand. Furthermore, our implementation logs events and we also capture images, which allow us to check a large number of tests.\n\nIn terms of threats to external validity, the biggest challenge in this project has been finding systems that we can easily train and test in complex driving scenarios. Publicly available systems have limited capabilities and tend to be brittle. Many networks trained on real world data do not work well in simulation. We therefore re-train these networks in simulation. An alternative is to run fewer tests, but use more expensive and visually realistic simulations. Our test generation strategy maximizes coverage, even when only a few test iterations can be performed due to high simulation cost.\n\nRelated Work\n\nTraditionally, test-driven software development paradigms have advocated testing and mocking frameworks to test software early and often. Mocking frameworks and mock objects allow programmers to test a piece of code against an API specification. Typically, mock objects are stubs providing outputs to explicitly provided lists of inputs of simple types, with little functionality of the actual code. Thus, they fall short of providing a rich environment for autonomous driving. Paracosm can be seen as a mocking framework for reactive, physical systems embedded in the 3D world. Our notion of constraining streams is inspired by work on declarative mocking.\n\nTesting Cyber-Physical Systems.\n\nThere is a large body of work on automated test generation tools for cyber-physical systems through heuristic search of a high-dimensional continuous state space. While much of this work has focused on low-level controller interfaces rather than the system level, specification and test generation techniques arising from this work—for example, the use of metric and signal temporal logics or search heuristics—can be adapted to our setting. More recently, test generation tools have started targeting autonomous systems under a simulation-based semantic testing framework similar to ours. In most of these works, visual scenarios are either fixed by hand, or are constrained due to the model or coverage criteria. These analyses are shown to be preferable to the application of random noise on the input vector. Additionally, a simulation-based approach filters benign misclassifications from misclassifications that actually lead to bad or dangerous behavior. Our work extends this line of work and provides an expressive language to design parameterized environments and tests. AsFault uses random search and mutation for procedural generation of road networks for testing. AC3R reconstructs test cases from accident reports.\n\nTo address problems of high time and infrastructure cost of testing autonomous systems, several simulators have been developed. The most popular is Gazebo for the ROS robotics framework. It offers a modular and extensible architecture, however falls behind on visual realism and complexity of environments that can be generated with it. To counter this, game engines are used. Popular examples are TORCS, CARLA, and AirSim Modern game engines and support creation of realistic urban environments. Though they enable visually realistic simulations and enable detection of infractions such as collisions, the environments themselves are difficult to design. Designing a custom environment involves manual placement of road segments, buildings, and actors (as well as their properties). Performing many systematic tests is therefore time-consuming and difficult. While these systems and Paracosm share the same aims and much of the same infrastructure, Paracosm focuses on procedural design and systematic testing, backed by a relevant coverage criteria.\n\nAdversarial Testing.\n\nAdversarial examples for neural networks introduce perturbations to inputs that cause a classifier to classify “perceptually identical” inputs differently. Much work has focused on finding adversarial examples in the context of autonomous driving as well as on training a network to be robust to perturbations. Tools such as DeepXplore, DeepTest, DeepGauge, and SADL define a notion of coverage for neural networks based on the number of neurons activated during tests compared against the total number of neurons in the network and activation during training. However, these techniques focus mostly on individual classification tasks and apply 2D transformations on images. In comparison, we consider the closed-loop behavior of the system and our parameters directly change the world rather than apply transformations post facto. We can observe, over time, that certain vehicles are not detected, which is more useful to testers than a single misclassification. Furthermore, it is already known that structural coverage criteria may not be an effective strategy for finding errors in classification. We use coverage metrics on the test space, rather than the structure of the neural network. Alternately, there are recent techniques to verify controllers implemented as neural networks through constraint solving or abstract interpretation. While these tools do not focus on the problem of autonomous driving, their underlying techniques can be combined in the test generation phase for Paracosm.\n\nFuture Work and Conclusion\n\nDeploying autonomous systems like self-driving cars in urban environments raises several safety challenges. The complex software stack processes sensor data, builds a semantic model of the surrounding world, makes decisions, plans trajectories, and controls the car. The end-to-end testing of such systems requires the creation and simulation of whole worlds, with different tests representing different world and parameter configurations. Paracosm tackles these problems by\n\nenabling procedural construction of diverse scenarios, with precise control over elements like layout roads, physical and visual properties of objects, and behaviors of actors in the system, and\n\nusing quasi-random testing to obtain good coverage over large parameter spaces.\n\nIn our evaluation, we show that Paracosm enables easy design of environmnents and automated testing of autonomous agents implemented using neural networks. While finding errors in sensing can be done with only a few static images, we show that Paracosm also enables the creation of longer test scenarios which exercise the controller’s feedback on the environment. Our case studies focused on qualitative state space exploration. In future work, we shall perform quantitative statistical analysis to understand the sensitivity of autonomous vehicle behavior on individual parameters.\n\nIn the future, we plan to extend Paracosm’s testing infrastructure to also aid in the training of deep neural networks that require large amounts of high quality training data. For instance, we show that small variations in the environment result in widely different results for road segmentation. Generating data is a time consuming and expensive task. Paracosm can easily generate labelled data for static images. For driving scenarios, we can record a user manually driving in a parameterized Paracosm environment and augment this data by varying parameters that should not impact the car’s behavior. For instance, we can vary the color of other cars, positions of pedestrians who are not crossing, or even the light conditions and sensor properties (within reasonable limits).\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nThis research was funded in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project 389792660-TRR 248 and by the European Research Council under the Grant Agreement 610150 (ERC Synergy Grant ImPACT).\n\nIn these Appendices to the main paper, we present additional case studies performed using Paracosm. We also provide additional description and a code sample for connection and composition of road elements, and a sample output to OpenDRIVE.\n\nTesting networks trained on standard datasets\n\nMany autonomous driving systems have on-board components for computer vision tasks like road segmentation, traffic light and traffic sign classification, vehicle detection, and optical flow. In the following tests, instead of training the SUT (a deep neural network) inside our simulation environment, we test components trained on real world datasets. We present results for road detection and vehicle detection.\n\nTest environment.\n\nFor the tests, we designed a highly parameterized environment using Paracosm’s programmatic interface. The environment consisted of 4 StraightRoadSegments connected by a CrossIntersection.\n\nThe test has three discrete parameters and three continuous parameters:\n\nThe number of lanes is either $2$ or $4$ (discrete).\n\nThe light condition corresponds to a morning, noon, or an evening drive (discrete).\n\nThe number of other cars on the road ranges from $2$ to $9$ (discrete).\n\nThe camera focal length is in the $[18,22]$ mm interval (continuous).\n\nThe height of the mounting point of the camera varies from $1.9$m to $2.2$m (continuous).\n\nFinally, the camera looks slightly down with a pitch angle between $-10$ and $-12$ degrees (continuous).\n\nMany of our parameters correspond to the vehicle’s camera. These were chosen because in preliminary tests, small perturbations to the camera’s properties led to drastically different results (see Figure [fig:focal_width_rd]). We perform 100 test iterations using Paracosm’s default test generation scheme.\n\n[fig:focal10]\n\n[fig:focal34]\n\n[fig:focal_width_rd]\n\nRoad segmentation.\n\nThe SUTs here take RGB images as input and return those pixels that are estimated to be a part of the road. We tested:\n\nthe convolutional neural network from Simonyan and Zisserman (popular as VGGNet),\n\nMultinet from Teichmann, Weber et al., a top performer on the KITTI Road Estimation Benchmark, and\n\nthe fully convolutional network by Long, Shelhamer and Darrell,\n\nAll three are trained on the KITTI road segmentation dataset (289 images). The first and third networks do not have a name, so we use initials of the authors’ names, SZ and LSD, respectively. Figure [fig:focal_graph] shows the results for the 100 test iterations ($x$-axis). We plot results in the order in which the tests were performed. The $y$-axis shows the percentage of the “ground truth” road identified as road by the method. A cursory look did not reveal any correlation between road segmentation performance and parameter choice. We observe that SZ is the best performer overall. What is quite striking is the results of LSD: in these tests, it either performs well, or not at all. Except for the poorly performing examples of LSD, false positives are not an issue, generally. Our hypothesis is that the networks do not generalize sufficiently from the limited training data and images that are too different from training lead to poor results.\n\nRoad segmentation results (% of the ground truth).\n\n[fig:focal_graph]\n\n\n[fig:car_detection]\n\nVehicle detection rates for the two SUTs.\n\nVehicle detection.\n\nThe SUTs here take RGB images as input and return bounding boxes around pixels that correspond to vehicles. Figure [fig:car_detection] shows an example of a vehicle detection system’s output. To detect other vehicles in the vicinity of the autonomous car, we used:\n\nthe single shot multibox detector (SSD), a deep neural network, trained with the Pascal Object Recognition Database Collection,\n\nMultinet like in the previous experiment.\n\nFigure 4 summarizes the results. The results are again in the order of the tests. In this experiment, we did not observe any false positives. Overall, Multinet performs better than SSD but these systems are much closer than in the previous experiment. While the detection rates may look disappointing, factors like occlusion as seen in Figure [fig:car_detection] make it difficult to detect all the cars. The two experiments presented here highlight the fact that even with quite narrow parameter ranges (especially for the camera), the quality of results can vary widely.\n\nAdditional tests on driving behavior\n\nIn the case studies that follow, we test the NVIDIA behavioral cloning framework to perform tests on autonomous vehicle behavior. The SUT takes RGB images as input and returns the corresponding throttle or steering control to be applied. The network is trained inside Paracosm’s simulation environment and the specific training procedure is also described for each case study presented. The primary aim of these case studies is to highlight specific testing features of Paracosm.\n\nRandom (dispersion is $0.105$)\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_rand_100]\n\nHalton (dispersion is $0.041$)\n\n[fig:Pedestrian_halton_100]\n\nRandom vs. Halton sampling for the pedestrian crossing experiment over various test iterations. The test parameters are the walking speed of the pedestrian ([0.5, 10] m/s) and distance from the car when the pedestrian starts crossing ([5, 60] m).\n                                                          \n(r)2-3(r)4-5 # tests  Random   Halton   Random    Halton  \n50                    $0.200$  $0.083$  $6\\%$     $8\\%$   \n100                   $0.105$  $0.041$  $6\\%$     $8\\%$   \n200                   $0.051$  $0.029$  $7\\%$     $8\\%$   \n400                   $0.025$  $0.011$  $8.75\\%$  $8.25\\%$\n\n\nDynamic Pedestrian Behavior (low dispersion sequences revisited).\n\nThis case study has already been presented in the main paper. We now present results that underline the importance of low-dispersion sequences and how coverage improves with more test iterations. Note that the parameter ranges here are different (wider) than the study presented in the main paper. However, the SUT is the same. Figure [fig:PedestrianHalton] demonstrates the advantage of low-dispersion sampling over random sampling. Samples are more spread out for the Halton sequence (low-dispersion). In Table [tbl:crossing], we report the difference between random and Halton sampling for various numbers of test iterations. Halton sampling gives much better dispersion and even leads to more failure cases being revealed (especially for fewer test iterations).\n\nDistance covered (Z-axis, [0,120] m) in changing fog (X-axis, $[0,1]$) and light (Y-axis, $[0,1]$) conditions tested with 400 iterations of the Halton sequence. Green dots and red crosses denote the absence or presence of a collision. The car is trained with a fog density of 0 and light intensity of 0.5.\n\nChanging Environmental Settings.\n\nAs mentioned in the main paper, reactive variables can be used to parameterize environment settings so as to describe a large class of configurations. To demonstrate this, we train a model at fixed light intensity and no fog. This case study is similar to the Adaptive Cruise Control case study presented in the main paper. Here, we analyse the autonomous vehicle’s performance when the light intensity and fog density are varied. We report the overall distance covered, and whether a collision happened. Each test lasts 15 seconds. Parameter values are generated using the Halton sequence. Results are aggregated in Figure 5. The car performs best around the parameter values it was trained on. The distance that the car covers drops-off fairly quickly as fog density increases. Perturbations to light intensity often lead to scenarios with collisions.\n\nTest vehicle braking on seeing a red car coming from the opposite direction, even though there is a large distance to the lead car (car on the same lane).\n\n[fig:brake_opp_car]\n\nSpeed (X-axis, $[0,40]$ km/h) over time (Y-axis, $[0,8]$ sec) of car trained to follow a red car in the presence of another car coming from the opposite direction. Depending on the color of the incoming car, the speed of the car changes vis-à-vis the baseline driving with no other car.\n\n[fig:features_geometric]\n\nFeatures of Geometric Components.\n\nFor the case study above, the SUT is trained to follow a red lead car driving in front of it on a two-lane road. Under ideal conditions (conditions under which the SUT is trained), it is observed that the autonomous vehicle indeed follows the red lead car while maintaining a safe distance and not colliding with it. We now test how the SUT reacts to cars coming from the other direction. Though the test vehicle’s throttle should not be affected by cars coming from the other direction, it is likely that the SUT learnt to slow the car down when there are several red pixels in the camera image. Indeed, this seems to be the case. When we test with a red car coming from the other direction, our autonomous vehicle slows down in response to this car being close (see Figure [fig:brake_opp_car]). Speed is picked up again once this car passes. Perhaps more surprisingly, the vehicle also slows down when the car coming from the other direction is yellow or green, but has no affect when the car is blue. Figure 6 has plots of speed vs. time for the various cases, with the baseline being no car coming from the other direction.\n\nConnections of road segments (and OpenDRIVE output)\n\nT-Intersection with 2 lanes, long road segments, and traffic and pedestrian lights.\n\nT-Intersection with 4 lanes, short road segments, and no traffic or pedestrian lights.\n\n[fig:tintersection-opendrive_simple]\n\nIn this section we provide a code example to demonstrate composition of road elements using the connect operation between road elements. Paracosm supports complex road elements such as cross-intersections, T-intersections, and roundabouts. Connections can be established using the connect method, that takes physical connection identifiers and road elements as arguments. The connections are directed in order to compute the positions of the elements. One road element becomes the parent and it’s children are positioned relative to its position and the specified connection points. After an object is connected, a new composite road element which encapsulates all road elements along with requisite transformations (rotations and translations) is returned. The following example shows how road segments can be connected into a road network.\n\nlen = VarInterval(5, 100)\nnlanes = VarInterval({2, 4})\n// Create a parameterized T-intersection and three straight road elements (east, south, west)\nt = TIntersection(nlanes:nlanes)\ne = StraightRoadSegment(len:len, nlanes:nlanes)\ns = StraightRoadSegment(len:len, nlanes:nlanes)\nw = StraightRoadSegment(len:len, nlanes:nlanes)\n// connect and get new composite object\nnet = t.connect((t.ONE, e, e.TWO),\n                (t.TWO, s, s.ONE), \n                (t.THREE, w, w.ONE))\n\nIn this example, the T-intersection is not given a specific position or orientation. It is therefore instantiated at the origin. Road elements connecting to it are then positioned with respect to it. After connection, the composite road element net can be used for tests in simulation or to a standardized format (OpenDRIVE). Figure [fig:tintersections] shows some samples in the OpenDRIVE viewer.\n\nConnecting elements has two purposes. First, it allows Paracosm to perform sanity checks like proper positioning of road elements. Second, it creates an overlay graph of the road networks which can easily be followed by environment controlled vehicles. When a road network is created, the runtime system of Paracosm checks that compositions of road elements and intersections are topologically and geometrically valid. All road elements must be connected to a matching road correctly (for example, a 2-lane road segment cannot be connected to a 6-lane road segment directly), there can be no spatial overlaps between road segments, and the positions of the connection points must match.\n\nA large grid world with several connected road elements viewed in the default 3D simulator.\n\nIn general, Paracosm inherits all programming features of the underlying imperative programming model as well as reactive programming with streams. Thus, one can build complex urban settings through composition and iteration. For instance, the grid world shown in Figure 8 was created by iterating a simple road network.\n\nThis chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.\n\n.28em plus.1em minus.1em The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intendeduse is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.\n\n 1. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/self-driving-vehicles-public-trust/↩\n\n 2. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HWY18MH010-prelim.pdf↩\n\n 3. 0 denotes no fog and 1 denotes very dense fog (exponential squared scale).↩\n\n 4. the monitor additionally calculates the mean distance of the test vehicle to the lead car during the test, which is used for later analysis.↩\n\n\n\nAccording to the results on the adaptive cruise control case study, which test parameter had the most significant impact on test failures involving collisions or vehicle inactivity?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "12343ed24d8c4010a349dcf19ef03721", "conversation_index": 608811, "turn_index": 20, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1160, "prompt": "Dec 29\nARRAIAL DO CABO SUPEARRAIAL DO CA\n\n$101.50\n\nDec 28\nBOOKING.COM BRASIL SSAO PAULO\n\n$565.86\n\nDec 28\nDROGARIA ARAUJO BELO HORIZONT\n\n$40.48\n\nDec 28\nLAMBEIJOS PET SHOP BELO HORIZONTE\n\n$15.37\n\nDec 28\nUNIVET LTDA BELO HORIZONTE MG\n\n$24.58\n\nDec 24\nHOTEL MONTE FELICE GRAMADO RS\n\n$15.70\n\nDec 23\nHR CAFE GRAMADO LTDAGRAMADO\n\n$83.55\n\nDec 23\nSNOWLAND PARTICIPACOGRAMADO RS\n\n$31.18\n\nDec 22\nAPLPAY ADEGA DO JACAGRAMADO BR\n\n$8.73\n\nDec 21\nGRAMADO TERMAS PARK GRAMADO RS\n\n$24.14\n\nDec 21\nGRAMADO TERMAS PARK GRAMADO RS\n\n$30.83\n\nDec 21\nHOTEL MONTE FELICE GRAMADO RS\n\n$159.95\n\nDec 21\nHOTEL NAME_2 GRAMADGRAMADO\n\n$2.75\n\nDec 21\nRESTAURANTE NOVA ERAPORTO ALEGRE\n\n$84.03\n\nDec 20\nCANTINA PASTASCIUTTAGRAMADO RS\n\n$49.71\n\nDec 19\nFARMACIA SAO JOAO GRAMADO\n\n$16.65\n\nDec 19\nLA DIVINA RESTAURANTGRAMADO\n\n$62.69\n\nDec 18\nHOTEL NAME_2 GRAMADGRAMADO\n\n$182.41\n\nDec 18\nMC2 ESTACIONAMENTOS GRAMADO RS\n\n$17.08\n\nDec 18\nOLIVAS GRAMADO BR\n\n$66.17\n\nDec 18\nTHE WAFFLE KING GRAMADO BR\n\n$7.21\n\nDec 16\nBARBEARIA SEU ELIAS BELO HORIZONTE MG\n\n$57.88\n\nDec 16\nINTEREST CHARGE ON PAY OVER TIME PURCHASES\n\n$17.80\n\nDec 16\nOURO MINAS BELO HORIZONTE BR\n\n$1.71\n\nDec 16\nOURO MINAS BELO HORIZONTE BR\n\n$56.93\n\nDec 14\nMULTIPLAN ADMINISTRABELO HORIZONTE\n\n$4.58\n\nDec 14\nO QUINTAL GRANU CAFEBELO HORIZONTE MG\n\n$56.67\n\n\nDec 13\nTOKAI SAVASSI BELO HORIZONTE\n\n$21.53\n\nDec 11\nLATE FEE\n\n$29.00\n\nDec 10\nEPA PLUS 013 BELO HORIZONT\n\n$79.54\n\nDec 10\nSAMS CONTAGEM\n\n$106.09\n\nDec 9\nDROGARIA ARAUJO BELO HORIZONT\n\n$6.20\n\nDec 8\nPIZZARELLA BELO HORIZONT\n\n$28.89\n\nDec 5\nOLEGARIO BELO HORIZONTE MG\n\n$31.76\n\nDec 3\nESTACIONAMENTO MINASBELO HORIZONT\n\n$3.10\n\nDec 3\nMINAS GRILL BELO HORIZONTE MG\n\n$14.07\n\nDec 3\nPOSTO MINAS SHOPPINGBELO HORIZONTE\n\n$41.27\n\nNov 16\nMEMBERSHIP FEE\n\n$695.00\n\nMay 31\nPending\nSTROBEL AMERICA\n\n$900.00\n\nMay 31\nPending\nTHEODORO E FILHOS DISTRIBUIDOR\n\n$5.14\n\n\nMay 30\nAPLPAY MGPOWER BELO HORIZONT\n\n$149.80\n\nMay 30\nMERCADOLIVRE*MERCADOSANTANA DE PARNAIBA\n\n$25.74\n\nMay 27\nDROGARIA ARAUJO BELO HORIZONT\n\n$1.51\n\nMay 27\nPERSARENTACAR CONTAGEM\n\n$21.57\n\nMay 27\nSUPERMERCADO E PADARBELO HORIZONTE\n\n$11.40\n\nMay 27\nSUPERMERCADO E PADARBELO HORIZONTE\n\n$104.23\n\nMay 26\nDROGARIA ARAUJO BELO HORIZONT\n\n$133.57\n\nMay 24\nWWW.STROBELAMERICA.CDOVER DE\n\n$1,787.00\n\nMay 22\nDROGARIA ARAUJO BELO HORIZONT\n\n$2.82\n\nMay 22\nSUPERMERCADO E PADARBELO HORIZONTE\n\n$42.54\n\nMay 21\nBETA DE PRATA LTDA ETIRADENTES\n\n$17.20\n\nMay 21\nJARDINS DE SANTO TIRADENTES\n\n$22.03\n\nMay 21\nPAG*ICASEIPRESENTES SAO PAULO\n\n$129.51\n\nMay 21\nPOSTO CN LTDA BELO HORIZONTE\n\n$52.35\n\nMay 21\nPOUSADA RECANTO A TIRADENTES\n\n$0.81\n\nMay 19\nPOSTO VIP BELO HORIZONT\n\n$22.73\n\nMay 19\nP"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d312019f9a4d414cb77837dedc0091cd", "conversation_index": 376376, "turn_index": 8, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 998, "prompt": "아래 내용은 시간여행이라는 책을 요약한 내용입니다. 아래의 글을 바탕으로 2000자 내외의 칼럼을 작성해주세요.\n\n사람들은 몇 살 때부터 자기 혼자만의 생각을 즐기지 못하게 됐을까요?\n\n깨어 있으면서도 다른 사람들의 소리를 듣지 않는, 그런 방법이 어디 없을까?\n\n혹시 이런거 생각 안 해 봤니? 네가 하기 싫은 일에 대해 말하면 하고 싶은 일을 할 수 없다는 사실 말야.\n\n반대로 말해 볼게. 네가 하고 싶은 일에 대해 말하거나, 또 하고 싶은 일을 하고 있다고 느낄 때, 어땠니, 즉시 그 일을 할 수 있었지? 하늘을 나는 일 말야.\n\n가장 중요한 것은, 하고 싶은 일을 하고 있다는 느낌이야.\n\n정말로 하고 싶은 일이 있다면, 무엇을 하고 싶으며 왜 그 일을 하고 싶은지에 대해 생각해보란 말이야 . 바로 지금 그 일을 하는 중이라고 느낄 때까지 말야. 이게 바로 네가 배운 가장 중요한 교훈이야.\n\n고통의 사슬을 끊는 방법- 느낌으로 알 수 있다. 하기 싫은 일에 대해 생각하거나 말할 때, 항상 나쁜 감정을 갖게 된다. 고통의 사슬에서 빠져나올 수 있는 효과가 가장 빠른 방법은 감사한 마음을 가지는 것이다.\n\n1. 내가 하기 싫은 일을 알아내는 것\n2. 내가 하고 싶은 일을 결정하는 것\n3. 하고 싶은 일을 알아내자마자 실제로 그 일을 하고 있다고 느껴야 한다\n4. 내 소망을 행동으로 옮기는 단계\n\n우주에 존재하는 모든 사람들과 모든 사물은 끌림의 법칙을 따르고 있다.\n\n매 순간 나는 내가 원하는 상황을, 혹은 내가 원하지 않는 상황을 선택할 수 있다.\n\n내가 행복하거나 감사하는 마음을 가지고 다른 사람이나 사물의 긍정적인 면을 보면, 내가 원하는 상황과 조화를 이루게 된다.\n\n항상. 언제나 내 느낌을 믿어야 한다. 내 느낌이 바로 나의 길잡이다.\n\n내가 무엇에 관심을 가지느냐에 따라 내 기분이 좋아지거나 나빠지는 것이다.\n\n내가 할 일은 행복이 들어올 수 있게 나의 밸브를 열어주는 것\n\n오늘 나의 기분이 좋아지면 내일과 그 다음 날 일어날 상황도 마음에 들 것이다\n\n내 느낌과 생각이 어떻게 연결돼 있는지 이제 알겠어. 상황은 변하지 않아! 내 생각이 변하는거야.\n\n감사하는 마음은 항상 거기에 있다. 원래부터 거기에 있었다.\n\n나 자신이 행복하지 않으면 다른 사람에게도 행복을 나눠줄 수 없다\n\n내 몸은 진정한 내가 아니다. 단지 진정한 내가 재미있게 놀고 성장하고 기뻐할 수 있도록 해주는 도구일 뿐이다\n\n내 생각에 따라 내 기쁨과 고통을 선택할 수 있다는 것이다.\n\n내 주변의 상황이 내 감정을 통제하기 시작하면 난 항상 덫에 걸리게 된다. 내 느낌을 통제할 수 있도록 연습해야 한다. 그래야 내 생각도 통제하게 되고, 결국 진정한 자유를 누릴 수 있다.\n\n내 삶을 아주 소중하게 생각하면, 다른 사람들의 행동이나 말 때문에 괴로워하지 않게 될지도 몰라\n\n내가 원하지 않는 상황에 신경을 쓰면 결국 내가 원하는 상황을 거부하게 되는 것이다. 그렇기 때문에 내가 원하지 않는 상황을 구별해 내고 내가 원하는 상황을 찾아서 ‘좋아’라고 말하는 일이 가장 중요하다.\n\n내가 원하지 않는 상황을 밀어내려고 하기보다 내가 원하는 상황을 느긋하게 생각한다. 물론 말도 방향을 일러주지만, 느낌이야 말로 내가 받아들이는지 거부하는지를 가장 정확하게 알려주는 안내자다. 내가 원하는 상황에 대해 계속 이야기하면 모든 상황이 점점 좋아질 것이다.\n\n행복의 물결은 항상 나를 향해 흐르고 있다. 나는 매 순간 그 물결을 받아들이거나 거부한다. 그 물결을 받아들이거나 거부할 수 있는 사람은 오직 나 뿐이다.\n\n나는 모든 일이 순조롭게 흘러간다는 믿음을 전해야 한다. 나 자신의 선명한 경험을 많은 사람들에게 말하면 사람들은 자신이 밀어내야 할 상황은 세상에 없다는 사실을 이해하게 될것이다. 밀어내는 행위 자체가 행복을 쫓아내는 일이라는 사실도 또한 알게 될것이다."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "3a1bbab03247483d8016d0e7cae6e423", "conversation_index": 831882, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1256, "prompt": "Take the following text and put it into a Salesforce order JSON structure.\n\n2022 2022 | תנש LA.O.22.072522 שכר תנמזה דדוובבככלל :ןימזמ 'סמ מ\"עב הבונת ללאאררששיי תתססננככ ::ההננייממזזממ ההננחחתת הוקת חתפ,300 .ד.ת 21 םייפכ עיגי 4910201 ירשב תסנכ :ןסח מ םש 0508875313 6986028 יגח רומיל :ןופלט ::ממ..עע noyt@tnuva.co.il :ינורטקלא ראוד 33008811 ::םםככררפפססממ 17/01/23:הקפסא .ת 16/01/23 :אתכמסא .ת 03-7367706 :יצרא זכרמ ןופלט הרושל כ\"הס 'חיל ריחמ הדימ 'חי תומכ םיטרפ קפס דוק # 3% ןוטרק ל1ירט הבונת בלח ח\"ש 1,099.20 4.58 רטיל 240.00 4131074 1 ןירדהמ ח\"ש 117.12 7.32 רטיל 16.00 רטיל 1 רשעומ היוס הקשמ 4125578 2 1 ירט יעבט םעטב טייל היוס הקשמ ח\"ש 122.72 7.67 רטיל 16.00 4132552 3 רטיל ח\"ש 352.10 35.21 הדיחי 10.00 לכימ לקשמב 5% תירגלוב סואריפ 4120818 4 מ\"עב ח\"ש 113.90 22.78 םרגוליק 5.00 ידסומה קושל יעבט ופוט 10322786 5 הנכות 5% רג 50 עיבג הניבג הבונת תונבל ח\"ש 18.72 0.78 הדיחי 24.00 47782 6 צדב תוישעת ח\"ש 262.14 43.69 םרגוליק 6.00 גק 3 ידסומ קמע יתיתפ 4121341 7 ח\"ש 141.12 8.82 רטיל 16.00 םידקש+ תלוביש הקשמ 10325619 8 340 תויגוע םעטב GO בלח הקשמ גומלא ח\"ש 112.20 5.61 רטיל 20.00 10329686 9 ל\"מ ח\"ש 80.80 4.04 הדיחי 20.00 למ 250 קובקבב הבונת וקוש 4126872 10 תיבמ ח\"ש 69.44 4.34 רטיל 16.00 %1 ל1 קקפ +טרק ירט הבונת בלח 42435 11 Almog ח\"ש 37.85 37.85 םרגוליק 1.00 הינדעמל 5% תנדועמ תיתפצ 4136291 12 150 עיבג %3 ןבדבוד טרוגוי הלפוי ח\"ש 28.16 3.52 הדיחי 8.00 40066 13 ERP םרג 150 עיבג %3 קסרפא טרוגוי הלפוי תועצמאב ח\"ש 28.16 3.52 הדיחי 8.00 40080 14 םרג ח\"ש 2,583.63 החנה ינפל םוכס קפוה ח\"ש -0.15 החנה ח\"ש 2,583.63 מ\"עמ ינפל כ\"הס ח\"ש 439.22 מ\"עמ 17.00% ח\"ש 3,023.00 םולשתל כ\"הס 01/05/23 :ךיראת דע םולשתל .ישאר תונמזה זכרמ רושיא אלל וז הנמזהב יוניש עצבל ןיא * .םייקלח םיחולשמ ןיא * .הנמזהה ףוגב אלש םיטירפ לש הקפסא ןיא * 16/01/23 15:12 2 ךותמ 1 דומע 2022 2022 | תנש LA.O.22.072522 שכר תנמזה דדוובבככלל :ןימזמ 'סמ מ\"עב הבונת ללאאררששיי תתססננככ ::ההננייממזזממ ההננחחתת הוקת חתפ,300 .ד.ת 21 םייפכ עיגי 4910201 ירשב תסנכ :ןסח מ םש 0508875313 6986028 יגח רומיל :ןופלט ::ממ..עע noyt@tnuva.co.il :ינורטקלא ראוד 33008811 ::םםככררפפססממ 17/01/23:הקפסא .ת 16/01/23 :אתכמסא .ת 03-7367706 :יצרא זכרמ ןופלט מ\"עב הנכות תוישעת גומלא תיבמ Almog ERP תועצמאב קפוה בר דובכב לשא.ל 16/01/23 15:12 2 ךותמ 2 דומע"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "c9e3c0ac0c49ddef44fecbd340f4e1b1d979051d73febed2", "conversation_index": 3096, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 11922, "prompt": "Former Secretary of State Condi Rice and Aretha Franklin teamed up for charity.\nThe former U.S. secretary of state and Franklin took the stage Tuesday evening at Philadelphia’s Mann Music Center in a rare duet for Rice, the classically trained pianist, and Franklin, the divalicious voice of a generation. Their aim was to raise money for inner-city youth of Philadelphia and Detroit and awareness for music and the arts.\nBut these are the same jackasses who love to tout their patriotism and love to throw 9/11 around when they are cheerleading for more war...all while claiming to support the heroes. In fact, the images and memories of 9/11 have been at the core of the Republican brand since September 11th, 2001. They have turned that disaster into slogans for their campaigns...time and time again. There were several years where you couldn't get them to stop campaigning on 9/11.... you couldn't avoid it if you were at a Republican event. Oh the irony.\nI bet these lying, hypocritical pieces of scum sleep well at night. I don't know how they do it... but I bet they do.\nThe bill was the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act. Read more from Huffpo.\nCongressman Anthony Weiner lashed out at Republicans. (This man should be Speaker of the House, Majority Leader, or Whip - with all due respect to Hoyer & Clyburn).\nLoved his response...where he basically told a Republican to sit _______ down. Most of the Dems in Congress are spineless...can't say I have seen this much passion before out of any of them. They are far too passive.\nShirley Sherrod, the fired and subsequently vindicated Department of Agriculture employee, said today she will sue the conservative blogger who posted edited video on the Internet last week that made her appear racist.\nThe posted video resulted in Sherrod being fired by the Obama administration, which was followed by public apologies from President Obama and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack for dismissing her without learning the whole story. Even Fox News Host Bill O'Reilly apologized when it became apparent that the video he aired on his show was incomplete and that Sherrod was telling a story of personal growth, not bigotry.\nBut Andrew Breitbart, the blogger who posted the spliced video of Sherrod in the first place, has remained unapologetic, despite the fact that the full video features Sherrod telling an NAACP meeting how she became a better person and overcame her biases.\nAs originally posted, Sherrod spoke about not helping a white farmer as much as she could have. But the instance occurred a quarter century ago. The point of Sherrod's story was that she had been wrong. And the farmer in question jumped to her defense.\nI hope she sues the hell out of that jackass. Hopefully she can find a way to garnish his future earnings.\nIn his piece \"Endgame in Afghanistan\", British reporter Sean Smith provides a rare glimpse of the raw reality of the war in Afghanistan for American troops.\nI initially supported the idea of a surge in troops for Afghanistan because it was sold as part of a comprehensive strategy to make sure that the U.S. would get out or reduce its presence in a reasonable amount of time. But as I have read more, and observed the situation...it is becoming clear that this is not the case. So, for me, the pendulum is swinging the other way. I actually had doubts about Afghanistan as far back as 2005, when it became clear that it was becoming a misguided quagmire. Without a comprehensive approach and not enough troops, the situation was allowed to get out of control under the Bush Administration. Without addressing the economic situation, the dire poverty of the people, education, the poppy farming (a huge problem), failing to win the support of the people, and not having enough troops to hold ground... it was bound to turn into an ugly stalemate. But I also understood from the beginning - a belief that is now reaffirmed- that trying to build a nation out of a part of the world where the ingredients for such a task simply don't exist in any practical sense. In Afghanistan there is generally no sense of nationalism, a fractious & heterogeneous population with verious different tribal and ethnic groups, life being driven at the local level, and thus no sense of collective national pride to motivate men to want to stand up an Army and fight for their own Country. In other words, the whole mission is built on a false premise.\nIt is clear that corruption is strangling efforts there. Furthermore, it is clear that the Afghans are not taking responsibility for their own security... at least the enthusiasm just doesn't seem to be there. So if they aren't willing to fight... we certainly shouldn't have our soldiers fighting and dying there. In order to gain control of Afghanistan, it would require at least 500,000 American/NATO troops. I (and others) have said that for years. There is no way that the U.S. or its NATO allies will ever send that many troops into this war. Hell, the U.S., with its military stretched so thin...and with its hunger to maintain some sort of empire with troops all over the world, doesn't have the troops to send. So what are we doing? Furthermore, we have to consider the fact that the nation is broke. We can't afford it. With no clear definition of what success is...what winning is.... and no clear, achievable goals... this war (with an initial attack that I believed was warranted back in 2002, although dubious) has changed over the last 9 years into something that no longer makes sense. So my view of this war has changed quite a bit, especially over the last 18 months.\nBut it is clear that the Obama Administration has no plans to get out of Afghanistan anytime soon. Americans were sold fools gold with the promise of a troop drawdown...as I suspected. President Obama can't leave & is planning to have our troops there for a number of years down the road (I will go into that a little more in a separate commentary). Although I think the crap about terrorists attacking us from Afghanistan...and it will be doomsday if we leave... we must stay there so they don't hit us at home...is all a bunch of BS.\nWe are looking at 3-5 more years of this madness (at a minimum). Hard to understand...and getting harder everyday. I will write more on that in a future post.\nMore examples of how the Right makes things up. I have been trying to tell you all... they're crazy. But they are crazy and organized...which is what bugs the hell out of me.\nAnyone who has read this blog long enough should know how I feel about the NAACP. I think the time for this organization has come and gone. It's a relic of history.\nThis isn't Dubois' NAACP. This is a group that is trying to hang on to its glorious past, while looking for something to do in the present to appear relevant. That might explain why they tried to take on the Tea Party.... a complete 180 for an organization that had been dead for many years on the political front. Their rustiness might explain why they chose their issue, without realizing that they were going up against the most powerful PR/Political machine in modern American history (the Republican Right wing media). In other words, they should have had their **** together. It's as if the NAACP arrived here from another planet...and didn't know how the game was played. That's why NAACP President Ben Jealous (who was one of the first \"leaders\" to throw Shirley Sherrod under the bus without checking the story) ended up being...in his words... \"Snookered\". I mean.. they discarded Mrs. Sherrod like a dirty diaper. Yet another stain on an already mud soaked organization.\nStatement from Ben Jealous (in his effort to stay in front of whatever Faux News and others may have had planned).\nBen Jealous failed to get his facts together before making such an important statement. The result? He came away looking like a clown. The President of an organization with a legacy like that of the NAACP can't afford to be that sloppy. Even Mrs. Sherrod could not believe the way she had been discarded.\nThe NAACP is an embarrassment. This is a group that gives \"image\" awards to child molesters, rappers, & criminals....and holds them up as pillars of the \"Black Community\" who others should emulate. Disgusting. They don't represent me. It seems as if I am saying this to myself (and to others) more and more often these days - \"they don't represent me\". It comes to mind whenever there is an issue of race, where one group or leader is acting on behalf of Black people, or being perceived as speaking for an entire group. This situation makes me say the same thing once again - \"they don't represent me\". I always find myself explaining this to co-workers, as well as the fact that Blacks aren't a monolith.\nThe way that the NAACP President treated Sherrod only reinforces my view of the organization. On top of everything else, they have shown themselves to be sloppy & incompetent, at best. I am glad the group at least made an attempt to take on the Tea Party.... but it is clear that they were ill equipped for the mission. This is an organization that is stuck in the 20th Century. It's not ready for a multimedia war with the PR/Media behemoth of Right wing media. The NAACP's failure was a result of the fact that the organization is run by a bloated board of dozens of people (mostly old folks) who have held the group back for years....preventing modernization.\nEnter Amy Alexander... a former writer for Ben Jealous himself. Alexander recently wrote a revealing piece describing her experiences at the NAACP. She wrote the piece in response to the Sherrod fiasco. Her story provides an inside look at the organization and confirms what I suspected for years. It's a sad reflection of an organization that was once relevant and respected. But did I also mention that the story is hilarious? Alexander doesn't disappoint when it comes to keeping the reader's attention.\nPhoto taken from Gina McCauley's blog, What About Our Daughters.\nRepublicans successfully filibustered the Disclose Act this week. Once again, they have shown themselves to be hypocrites. On one hand they criticize the corrupt insider deal-making nature of Washington D.C. yet they don't want the public to know who is bankrolling Republican political ads. That would screw up their entire program of deceiving the American people.\nBut the bill isn't completely dead yet. It could come back for consideration later in the year. However, passing this legislation will be an uphill climb.\nBettye LaVette- Salt of the Earth (as good as the original? I think so).\nThe Obama Administration is under serious pressure to extend the Bush tax cuts for the rich. Insiders have been suggesting over the past week, that Obama & Co. is flirting with the idea of caving. Extending these tax cuts would dig the nation into an even bigger debt hole. Once again Republicans - who claim to be concerned about annual deficits & the national debt - are saying one thing and doing another, as is normal for them.\nThe Republican media has carefully framed the expiration of the tax cut as a tax increase by Obama. The way that they manipulate the public through the media is just uncanny. They are making the Bush tax policy appear as if it was a permanent law and the evil Democrats are going to radically change tax policy. Of course this is all BS. The tax policy was never permanent...which is why the legislation is sun shining to be reconsidered by Congress. The cuts were temporary. This misconception (that Republicans purposely created) has allowed them to frame the scheduled expiration as an increase. This has been another textbook example of the power & influence of Conservative right wing media.\nCommentary on why the Bush tax cuts should be allowed to expire.\nAlthough I think they waited a good six months too long. Better late than never. Read on.\nProgressive Talk show host and attorney Mike Papantonio discusses Right-wing extremism with civil rights watchdog Mark Potok.\nAhhh... nothing like the sights and sounds of Racist Republican policies falling apart. And so it begins. Round one goes to the sane & rational. But the Right vows to fight on.\nPHOENIX — A federal judge stepped into the fight over Arizona's immigration law at the last minute Wednesday, blocking the heart of the measure and defusing a confrontation between police and thousands of activists that had been building for months.\nProtesters who gathered at the state Capitol and outside the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City cheered when they heard the news. The governor, the law's authors and anti-illegal immigration groups vowed to fight on.\n\"It's a temporary bump in the road,\" Gov. Jan Brewer said.\nThe Clinton appointee said the controversial sections should be put on hold until the courts resolve the issues, including sections that required officers to check a person's immigration status while enforcing other laws.\nBolton delayed provisions that required immigrants to carry their papers and banned illegal immigrants from soliciting employment in public places — a move aimed at day laborers. In addition, she blocked officers from making warrantless arrests of suspected illegal immigrants for crimes that can lead to deportation.\nIt looks like this will drag on for quite some time, and will eventually be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. The law was full of problems and had measures that were unconstitutional, even after the Arizona legislature tried to clean up their own mess by changing the text.\nSee our previous postings on the Arizona Immigration Law here and here.\nHis ideas on foreign policy and Arms Control warrant a second look.\nA recent piece in the New York Times, by writer Louis Uchitelle, highlights the difficulties faced by the millennial generation, also called Generation Y. But it hasn't been much better for my generation (Generation X).\nThe Great Depression damaged the self-confidence of the young, and that is beginning to happen now, according to pollsters, sociologists and economists. Young men in particular lost a sense of direction, Glen H. Elder Jr., a sociologist at the University of North Carolina, found in his study, “Children of the Great Depression.” In some cases they were forced into work they did not want — the issue for Scott Nicholson.\nMilitary service in World War II, along with the G.I. Bill and a booming economy, restored well-being; by the 1970s, when Mr. Elder did his retrospective study, the hardships of the Depression were more a memory than an open sore. “They came out of the war with purpose in their lives, and by age 40 most of them were doing well,” he said, speaking of his study in a recent interview.\nThe outlook this time is not so clear. Starved for jobs at adequate pay, the millennials tend to seek refuge in college and in the military and to put off marriage and child-bearing. Those who are working often stay with the jobs they have rather than jump to better paying but less secure ones, as young people seeking advancement normally do. And they are increasingly willing to forgo raises, or to settle for small ones.\nSee reports on Black poverty and the struggle with recession from the BBC and MSNBC. The Loop also has a good piece on childhood poverty from last year.\nI gave up on the American Dream some years ago. Now I am just seeking survival. I realized the Dream had become an empty slogan.... that the chances of achieving it were slim to none. I almost feel as if I have been lied to all this time. I started to feel this way at age 27 or 28, when I had begun to run-in-place. I just wasn't achieving, even though I was working everyday and studying hard. The last 5-10 years pretty much confirmed the doubts going through my mind at the time.\nNow I am about $80,000.00 in debt with no prospects for meaningful employment. The chances that I will be able to pay this money back is pretty close to zero. Over the last year I have been engaging in all sorts of maneuvers (including going back to school and making matters worse with more debt) to keep creditors at bay just a little while longer. But at some point in the next year or two, I will be looking at default. Once I run out of options and default, I will be ineligible for many....well.... basically all jobs in the Government sector...where I want to work. American Dream? Where?\nAnd the thought of finding a mate, developing relationships, and starting a family have been out of the question. Not even an option for me.... never has been. Men, of course, are damn near exclusively defined by what they do....how much money they earn, their ability to support a family, yadda yadda yadda. This is how women rate men. This is especially the case in the U.S., where women are shallow & materialistic to the extreme.\nIf a man can't meet certain professional/financial expectations...if you don't have a job with a respectable salary, if you can't support a family.... then you aren't considered a man at all. Chances for actually attracting a decent mate under such circumstances are remote. So in the last decade (really more than that) I have actually never bothered to try with any serious effort. All due to this elusive \"American Dream\".... trying to hold out for a meaningful job opportunity. The lost decade has really worn me down.\n(btw... I think one of the next bubbles to pop will be student loans....as students who leave college end up like me... stuck in BS service jobs earning less than $30,000 a year....or can't find work at all).\nNeedless to say I really hate my life...and the prospects for the future are bleak. With the incompetence of the Obama Administration....not having a clue of what the Hell to do to stimulate the economy...and with all the wars, the misguided foreign policy, and the financial mess (global and personal), I believe things will get worse.\nWhen asked if it is now harder or easier to attain \"the American Dream\" than it was for their parents' generation, 60 percent of Xavier's 1,022 respondents said it's getting harder; 68 percent, meanwhile, said it will be even harder for their children than it is for them.\nThe poll was conducted Feb. 14-21 by Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (FM3) for Xavier's Institute for Politics and the American Dream, reaching respondents over 18 years old via land lines and cell phones. Margin of error was +/-3.1 percent. Xavier plans to release a similar poll every year.\nEven as people think it's getting harder to achieve the dream, Xavier found, they still believe--more or less--that it's possible with hard work: 35 percent said the American dream is \"entirely\" dependent on hard work, while 53 percent said it's roughly an even mix of hard work and good luck/circumstances. And 67 percent think they can achieve it in their lifetimes.\nFifty-eight percent, meanwhile, said America itself is in decline.\nI actually am a little more pessimistic about the \"hard work\" theme in the Xavier survey, because even with hard work, the Dream seems out of reach. And more important than that was the belief by the majority of respondents that the U.S. was in decline. (Something I have been saying for years).\nRead the summary of the Xavier University survey conducted earlier this year. See pdf.\nIs The American Dream Possible for Most Anymore? (Discussions w/ Barbara Ehrenreich).\nImpact of Corporate Based Economy (some links may be dead).\nE.J. Dionne posted a great commentary today on Truthdig.\nCan a nation remain a superpower if its internal politics are incorrigibly stupid?\nHe recently offered a rather brutal budget that includes severe cutbacks. I have doubts about some of them, but at least Cameron cared enough about reducing his country’s deficit that alongside the cuts, he also proposed an increase in the value-added tax from 17.5 percent to 20 percent. Imagine: a fiscal conservative who really is a fiscal conservative.\nThe simple truth is that the wealthy in the United States—the people who have made almost all the income gains in recent years—are undertaxed compared with everyone else.\nRead the Full Commentary from Truthdig.\nThis runs contrary to the Conservative argument that Obama has been doing nothing and wants to open the borders.\nConvicted felon Byron Williams loaded up his mother's Toyota Tundra with guns, strapped on his body armor and headed to San Francisco late Saturday night with one thing in mind: to kill workers at the American Civil Liberties Union and an environmental foundation, prosecutors say.\nWilliams, an anti-government zealot on parole for bank robbery, had hoped to \"start a revolution\" with the bloodshed at the ACLU and the Tides Foundation in San Francisco, authorities said.\nBut before he made it to the city, Williams was stopped at early Sunday by California Highway Patrol officers for speeding and driving erratically on westbound Interstate 580 west of Grand Avenue in Oakland.\nPolice say he then initiated a chaotic, 12-minute gunbattle with officers, firing a 9mm handgun, a.308-caliber rifle and a shotgun. He reloaded his weapons when he ran out of ammunition and stopped only after officers shot him in areas of his body not covered by his bullet-resistant vest, authorities said.\nOn Tuesday, Williams, 45, of Groveland (Tuolumne County) appeared in an Oakland courtroom on charges that he tried to murder four CHP officers. Authorities described him as a heavily armed man determined not to return to prison. Bullets from the suspect's rifle could penetrate ballistic body armor and vehicles, police said.\nAfter he was wounded and taken to Highland Hospital in Oakland, Williams told investigators \"his intention was to start a revolution by traveling to San Francisco and killing people of importance at the Tides Foundation and the ACLU,\" Oakland police Sgt. Michael Weisenberg wrote in a court affidavit.\nThe Tides Foundation is a liberal not for profit that supports Progressive causes. The otherwise obscure group is often the subject of attacks by Glenn Beck.\nRead more on Glenn Beck and the Tides Foundation from TPM. Also see commentary from the Guardian.\nWilliams was upset about \"Left-wing agenda\" of Congress. From TPM: (note: His mother, Janice Williams, seems to be as much of a Tea Party nut as her son is).\nThe man, identified by local news reports as Byron Williams of Groveland, was allegedly pulled over for driving erratically by the California Highway Patrol. As the officers approached his truck, they saw several guns and ammunition, according to police, and they saw the suspect reach for a handgun.\nThe officers ran back to their car and called for backup as the man allegedly opened fire. Officers reported seeing a handgun, a shotgun and a rifle, and that the shooter fired at least two of the weapons. The shootout -- which according to CHP involved 10 police officers and lasted about eight minutes -- left the suspect, who was wearing body armor, seriously wounded. He was taken to the hospital and is listed in stable condition.\nTwo officers were hurt by broken glass, but none were shot.\n\"There is no doubt in our mind, given the body armor and the extensive amount of ammunition he had, that he was on his way to do a very serious crime against either someone or a group of people,\" CHP Sgt. Trent Cross said.\nOfficers discovered a binder labeled \"California\" in the truck. It has so far been described only as a \"list.\"\nWhen local reporters called the truck's registrant, Janice Williams, she realized her truck, and her guns, were gone.\nWilliams told the San Francisco Chronicle that Byron, her 45-year-old son, was upset by \"the way Congress was railroading through all these left-wing agenda items.\"\n\"He hasn't been able to get a job because he's an ex-felon and nobody will hire him,\" she said, adding that he was angry about his unemployment and about \"what's happening to our country.\"\n\"I have no doubt it is him,\" Williams said. \"He's been upset with the direction the country is going.... He feels the people of this country are being raped by our government and politicians.\"\nJanice Williams said she kept the guns, which were locked in safe, because \"eventually, I think we're going to be caught up in a revolution.\" She also told the Chronicle that she had warned Byron that \"he didn't have to be on the front lines.\"\nIt's ironic that he was angry about unemployment, but was too much of an idiot to understand how the economy works and how Republicans sent the nation over a cliff. He didn't understand that the Recession officially started in 2007 and the fiscal crisis and job losses started in the Fall of 2008, caused by the failed policies of his Republican President. Nor did he understand that employment is a lagging economic indicator and will take years to recover. And it appears that he was also clueless about the fact that Republicans (for weeks) were trying to block any unemployment benefits that he may or may not have been entitled to.\nThe irony is amazing. And it's not just with this nut. We see this ignorance flowing all throughout the Tea Party crowd.\nIn another display of stunning hypocrisy, congressional Republicans continue their fight to reward the rich during the recession. During the upcoming campaigns, Republicans will claim to represent every American, but that’s hardly the case when it comes to tax policy. This time the battle is over whether Congress should extend Bush’s 2001 and 2003 Bush tax cuts and the GOP is siding with the rich over the middle-class.\nThis will come as no surprise to observant court watchers. Under John Roberts, but not necessarily because of John Roberts, is the most conservative it has been in decades. The general rightward shift will continue for the foreseeable future until one of the five conservative justices leaves (Kagan is replacing a liberal in John Paul Stevens). This is unlikely to happen anytime soon as one conservative justice, Anthony Kennedy has indicated he'd like to wait out Obama.\nKURTZ: Something really striking happened when I tried to book the segment you're about to see about minorities and the media.\nI talked to several very prominent African-American journalists who said they would love to come on the program but the subject was just too sensitive to discuss publicly, or their bosses did not want them speaking out in public.\nLook at the people who have gotten the latest primetime hosting jobs in cable news: Lawrence O'Donnell at MSNBC; Eliot Spitzer and Kathleen Parker at CNN. They join people like Sean and Bill and Keith and Rachel and Anderson. They join the Sunday show hosts and the evening news anchors and the principal network morning hosts. Not an African-American face among them except for GMA's Robin Roberts.\nIf you were 77-years-old, your spouse recently died and you faced two separate bouts of cancer would you continue working, or would you kick back and relax? This is the decision facing Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.\nKeith Olbermann nailed it with this commentary. Definitely one of the best he has ever done.\nAs I mentioned in my earlier comments, this is not just an issue of race. Race, in my view, should not necessarily be the focus of discussion. We don't need another race dabate. To be honest, they just don't do much. We have had that debate half a dozen times (or more) since Obama announced his run for the Presidency. What the nation should really be focused on is the obscene level of power held by Republican right wing media. This is something that I have blogged/written about probably dozens of times and it is the focus of my sidebar commentary, written a couple of years ago. I tried to warn people about just how big of a threat right wing media is.\nThe right wing media is simply the communications department for the Republican political machine. They have a very specific political agenda. Telling the truth and presenting actual news is not part of their program. It is a behemoth that is so powerful that when they tell Democrats - especially the Obama Administration - to jump, the Obama Administration asks how high? In my warning about Conservative media, I explain what their aims are... and that the playbook is an open secret.\nThe national mainstream media seems to ignore this information imbalance. No one wants to look into why Republican right wing media is allowed to control so much of the national debate. No one wants to look deeper into how Faux news (Radio Rwanda) is allowed to set the tone... by creating a certain narrative, and why mainstream media accepts their narrative as a legitimate starting point for their own reporting. Basically they take the Fox News narrative and they run with it...often without verifying information. Keep in mind, Fox News is, for all practical purposes, a propaganda operation. Fox News is so far removed from legitimate journalism that it's like night and day. In other words, legitimate news organizations have little reason to trust Fox News the way that they have been. Fox hasn't done the kind of reporting that deserves such a high level of trust. So the way that other networks parrot Fox (and other right wing outlets) is just incomprehensible to me. Furthermore, it's equally troubling how other networks fall over themselves to provide a platform for Republican right wing propaganda pundits, many of whom have little to no credibility. To make matters worse, these pundits are often unchallenged when they appear on the more legitimate networks. So what we have today is a situation where mainstream media is complicit in the misinforming and dumbing down of Americans. They have been co-opted by Republicans and used for propaganda purposes. This leaves a social/political environment where it is very difficult for a robust countervailing view to grow and challenge Conservative opinion.\nI have been sounding the alarm on this for a few years now. The dangers of Conservative media are real. We just had another domestic terrorist attack thwarted this week, this time in California... although it didn't make it as a top story on most networks (perhaps because this has become so common). But the suspect was another Terrorist & Tea Party nut angry about left-leaning politics. Read more here, here and here. He opened fire on police on a California freeway after realizing he was caught. Luckily this terrorist was stopped after a long shootout before he could carry out any mass killings. But can you guess what fueled him? (Check the links above).\nWhat we are in the midst of right now is an ideological war for the hearts and minds of Americans. It's a fight for the soul of the Country. Within that war is an information/PR battle. While President Obama shut down his campaign and his communications/PR war room... the Republicans never did. Republicans never ended their campaign after 2008, they simply changed its focus. Instead of running on a platform (as if they ever had one) or asking for votes, they shifted the focus to discrediting Obama, delegitimizing his Presidency, framing him as un-American, as an outsider, as dangerous, weak on security, etc. Republican/right wing media is in an all out war against President Obama, on two fronts. One is an information/image war... the other focuses on Policy (political obstruction, so that he is seen as a failure).\nThe kind of misinformation campaigns being waged right now... are, in many respects, similar to the kind of nonsense the CIA was doing 30 years ago in Countries around the world to confuse/mislead local populations, by putting out media stories favorable to the U.S., etc. The corporate PR companies today use some of those same strategies. The only difference now is that the tactics are being used against American citizens.\nProgressives are at a disadvantage, because they have no media infrastructure that can match what is coming out of Conservative media. The right is just too powerful when it comes to media dominance. It's just not a fair fight. And this is occurring at a time when we have a President who has become synonymous with the term 'PR disaster'. If the White House had a strong war room, had strong PR people, a President who was more engaged and in tune with what is happening on Main Street, someone controlling his image...who has his back, a team of brilliant advisors providing the best guidance & information, then the Democrats and this President would be in a better position to combat the right wing media. But none of these things exist in this White House in my opinion. There is no PR/media war room. If there is one.. they are incompetent...and those running it should be fired immediately. There are no strong PR people. If he has them, they should be fired tomorrow. If the President is engaged...and in tune with the Country, then I don't see it. I have been a serious observer of politics for 20 years...this is one of the worst Administrations in recent memory when it comes to basic situational awareness. How in the Hell do you go to Maine for vacation while the folks in the Gulf are still suffering and are struggling to keep their hotels and restaurants open, struggling to make their rent, struggling to save their livelihoods -and AFTER you encouraged Americans to go and spend money? Yeah.... we all need a vacation every now and then, but sometimes the Captain of the ship has to lead... especially on a ship that is taking on water. If you can't vacation in the Gulf, at least put off your vacation until things settle down....just out of respect for those who are suffering. If you must have a vacation... send the First Lady and the kids.... while you stay in Washington. This is about leadership folks. A walking PR disaster indeed.\nIf he has someone in charge of image... they should be fired forthwith. If President Obama has brilliant advisors... they have been giving the him terrible advice, at least on the image/PR front. We have had 747's flying over Manhattan for photo ops scaring the daylights out of New Yorkers (beyond comprehension in a post 9/11 World), the White House not responding to attacks from the right (even ridiculous lies), Van Jones & others being forced out, the President commenting on issues that he should not have commented on..at least without knowing all the facts, the lack of a clear plan...and the huge absence of at least the image of the President attempting to create jobs & alleviate the problem of unemployment....instead he is out playing Golf, the bungling of the PR response to the Gulf oil spill, the bungling of Gitmo, using horrible strategy in the Healthcare debate, allowing the right to dictate his foreign policy, reaching out to Republicans...even working to water down legislation for them just to be fooled in the end with the knowledge that they were never going to sign on to his policies, and generally looking weak as a man and as a President. Now enter Shirley Sherrod. This is perhaps the most breathtaking of all of the PR debacles thus far. This is one for the history books. It will take me quite a while to wrap my brain around this. But it basically encapsulates, in one event, all of these PR weaknesses...and all the examples of incompetence.\nThis whole situation is a perfect example of why Progressives need to establish their own PR/media infrastructure. If they don't, they will continue to struggle with Conservative media for years. The right will continue to poison the airwaves and threaten livelihoods, and they will continue to win elections when they shouldn't.\nBut Progressives have been slow to respond. This week, for the first time, I heard at least two major Progressive commentators acknowledge what I stated years ago... that we are in the midst of an ideological war for the hearts and minds of Americans. There has finally been an acknowledgment that there is an ongoing, well orchestrated PR war against President Obama and Progressive politics. Maybe this incident was the wake-up call that Progressives needed. It took years just to get to a point where this could be acknowledged. Unfortunately I didn't hear many calls for the establishment of a robust Progressive media infrastructure to rival the Republican machine (not by telling lies...but simply by telling the truth...doing real journalism). And yes, I support bringing back the Fairness Doctrine.\nThe most effective antidote for the madness that we are seeing today in the U.S., is a well informed electorate. There are other things that I believe must be done as well as part of reaching that goal.... such as requiring a certain amount of civics education, global education, geography, World history, political science, constitutional studies, etc... in all schools, public and private. It should be Federal Law. But the end goal should be a well informed electorate. This is what new media could help to accomplish.\nThe sooner Americans wake up to what KO, I & others are saying on this... the better.\nSeries of videos from the Shirley Sherrod Debacle.\nMany media organizations are rushing to seek repudiations of Shirley Sherrod from African-American leaders such as the NAACP’s Ben Jealous who quickly renounced Sherrod.\nBefore throwing Ms. Sherrod completely “under a bus,” I hope that they will consider the following remarks from the wife of the farmer whom Sherrod was supposedly “half-heartedly” helping.\nThe video in question originally shown on Fox turns out to be a FRAUD.\nIn case you want to see the videos in the Shirley Sharrod scam/fraud.\nI called, pressed 8, and then left a voicemail.\nGet the entire Sherrod speech, hear comments from the White farmer, and see other videos under the fold.\nWhite House spokesman Robert Gibbs sent Democrats into tailspin when he acknowledged Republicans could take control of the House in November. He's backtracked since, but his comments remind us of all the reasons we don't want to see the GOP back in power.\nI've been Black in America longer than 3 days.\nThe Tea Party’s leaders’ claims of race-neutrality ring hollow given their racially-inflammatory words and strategy. I exposed the Tea Party’s double-talk here at some length yesterday. Here’s new video from Think Progress (courtesy of Eric Wingerter over at the NAACP – thanks) from actual Tea Party rallies among their rank and file members out that highlights the rampant racism motivating the their critique of the Obama Administration.\nBlogger, Professor, & author Christopher Chambers discusses the Tea Party on the RT network.\nDr. Errington Thompson covered this today as well.\nWhat do you call a Black Man Who Is President of the United States?\nDylan Ratigan: He(President Barack Obama) didn’t do it. when the wall street guys got across the table from him you’re going to change our tax code, little boy? i think not because i tell you when you’re 75 or 80-year-old billionaire from new york who is looking at any government in this country that is trying to play with the tax code, you know who wins? the 80-year-old billionaire in new york every time. if it’s teddy roosevelt in the white house who is not intimidated by these types of people, he might say, listen, i don’t care who you are and how rich you are it’s not going happen but with this guy he bends over every time.\nThe First Lady discusses the threat that obesity poses to the Black Community.\nWhen someone volunteers to join the Armed Services of this country...to put their lives on the line for this country..\nthe least, and I do mean the least we can do in return, is make sure that they are taken care of if they return to this country damaged - IN ANY WAY.\nThis has not been the case, especially during the Bush years, where they fought increasing services to the common soldier, and did what they could to rig the system so that the soldiers that needed help, couldn't get help.\nThis sea change from the Obama Administration is wonderful, and should be praised.\nWill Obama Turn On Young Voters?\nAmazing stat for you: In presidential elections, the last time the Democratic candidate won a majority of the white vote was LBJ in 1964. Yes, it’s true. It’s been 46 years since a Democrat pulled off 50% of the white vote. This tells me a lot of things.\nWhites, males in particular, took a chance on Obama because they appreciated his even temper, his educational pedigree, and a belief he would look at all angles before committing to policy.\nMalia Obama,the daughter of US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama, makes her way to board Marine One May 27, 2010 on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, DC. Obama and his family were heading to Chicago to spend the Memorial Day weekend.\nFirst Daughter Malia Ann Obama turns 12 today. She's an All-American Girl.\nHave a great Holiday with family and friends.\nEnjoy a little Ray Charles.\nWith her 13th Grand Slam under her belt, Serena passes Billie Jean King on the all-time list of Grand Slam winners.\nThis is why I love the idea of Progressives taking their video cameras to Right wing events. I'm not sure if this was the case in this situation, but it shows that such a strategy could yield political treasure. Catching these hucksters in their macaca moments, or when they are telling lies should be an important part of Progressive efforts to get off of defense and take back the PR initiative.\nPropaganda and lies are a huge part of the GOP strategy. That goes for the Tea Party as well. They have to lie. So it should be the duty of Progressives to catch them when they do.\nSteele made a huge gaffe at a recent Republican event.... his biggest gaffe of all, according to Chris Good of the Atlantic. And the calls for Steele to resign have started to pour in. Steele stuck his foot....and leg in his mouth by making the claim that the war in Afghanistan was a war of Obama's choosing. Of course it was a war perpetrated by George W. Bush in 2002 and heavily supported by Republicans ever since. Steele's attempt to make the invasion Obama's idea now that it's becoming unpopular is amazing.\nHe went on to slam the war effort. Ironically, in his attempt to lie and mislead, Steele ended up accidentally telling a few truths about how daunting a task Afghanistan is and how the effort to nation build may be unrealistic. OOppps!\nBut once he was caught...he turned around and released a phony statement that basically said he didn't mean it, and he gave assurances that he supports the troops and the war effort. Hilarious.\nHe also describes the McChyrstal fiasco as \"comical\".\nI was perturbed to learn this week that NPR chose rapper/singer Lauryn Hill for their 50 Great Voices Series. This is their list of the 50 greatest singers ever, based in part on suggestions/voting from listeners. Each week, for the rest of this year, NPR will feature a new artist. Are you kidding me?\nI guess this is the point where I should add another disclaimer... I am not a fan of Lauryn Hill. (I'm not going to gain much support from this commentary). I have never cared for her music... and anyone reading this blog long enough should know how I feel about rap and the Hip Hop culture. However, I do respect Hill for being a talented musician. I can recall flipping through the channels several years ago and stumbling upon her unplugged performance. She's talented, there are no ifs ands, or buts about that.\nShe's a pretty good singer in my humble opinion. But one of the 50 Great voices in the entire world, EVER? Let's stop with the nonsense. Who made this decision at NPR? This is the point where NPR's 50 Greats adventure went from a serious project to more of a joke. This seemed to be more of a PR effort on the part of NPR to reach out to a younger, more Hip Hop oriented demographic... a group that doesn't listen to NPR in great numbers on a regular basis.\nOne big irony here is that Mary Christine Brockert & Roberta Flack have yet to make the list and may never be chosen. I doubt if NPR will pick both, and chances are slim that even one will be recognized. Yet Hill has borrowed heavily from these two singers during her career....covering their performances, using their riffs, their phrasing, their style and so on. Hill doesn't come close to Brockert or Flack when it comes to the art of singing. They would both blow Hill off stage. Hill's voice has a limited range...and her singing style is much more forced, her delivery more contrived. Her voice may be natural, but she's not a natural singer.\nAnother issue is the fact that Hill has had a limited career compared to the all-time great singers around the world. There is not that much material to base such a big decision on. Hill has benefited from an era of sampling and technology to enhance her performances and boost her career.\nI was lucky enough to have seen Brockert live in concert in St. Louis back in 1994. I was stunned by the performance... to this day I shudder thinking about what I saw and heard that night. How could such a powerful voice come out of such a small package, I thought to myself. THAT is a singer.... I can recall how she held one note for somewhere in the ballpark of 30 seconds...(not hyperbole), just to play with the crowd...which was screaming & throwing roses on stage at that point. Circular breathing perhaps? I'm not sure. But I had never heard a singer like her before or since.\nThe generations of \"singers\" who came after Luther Vandross and Whitney Houston (in her prime) just never quite measured up for me. Perhaps it's my old age (only 37 this month). But I have always identified with older generations of artists. That's not to say that the current crop of young singers isn't talented... there are definitely good singers still around...but they are hit & miss.\nThe list of 50 Great voices were supposed to be the very best in the world...the best ever...the best that some Countries had to offer...the best that some cultures had to offer. On an exclusive list like that, a Lauryn Hill just doesn't measure up in my book. If this were a list of 500 Great voices... then there might be enough room to fit her in. But this is a list of 50 of the best throughout modern human history.... since the introduction of the vinyl record over 100 years ago.\nHill is a folk hero to generations of young Black Americans (those 35 & under), although I don't really understand why. I have never understood this phenomenon. But that folk hero status may have something to do with the admiration her supporters have for her and may ultimately be the reason for the selection. That probably played a bigger role in her selection than her actual impact, voice, or singing prowess.\nThe cult of Lauryn Hill is one of many things in the \"Black Community\" that never made any sense to me...someone looking at it objectively from another perspective. Perhaps its that identity thing again... The fact that I don't identify with today's Black culture, and certainly don't identify with Hip Hop culture (which has largely taken the place of a real Black culture), probably has something to do with my bewilderment. But that's not a bad thing... because it allows me to make an unbiased assessment. I have been a connoisseur of good music for a long time...and I think I can say objectively & with confidence that Lauryn Hill doesn't make the cut.\nDid Congressman Gutierrez Fail Government 101?\nDisclaimer: I fully support immigration reform...and have supported it since this latest debate started (under George W. Bush).\nHowever, I have been extremely annoyed recently by Rep. Luis V. Gutierrez (D-IL) and his verbal attacks aimed at President Obama. Gutierrez and his supporters have been lobbying the President hard to magically make comprehensive immigration reform a reality. But really....what exactly do they want Obama to do? Am I missing something here?\nThe President can't create and pass legislation. That's the job of the Congress. Obama can't sign into law what doesn't exist. And even if Nancy Pelosi, Steny Hoyer, Harry Reid & others were to craft some sort of legislation...it would barely get through the House, and would be dead on arrival in the Senate. The math simply doesn't work and everyone knows it (at least everyone except for Gutierrez). I wrote several months ago that the part of Obama's agenda that dealt with immigration reform was probably unachievable and would likely have to be dropped from his list of goals. It's a lost cause. I never believed it should have been something that President Obama should even try...especially after seeing what happened to George W. Bush (by his own Party). It would be a huge waste of political capital, after he already wasted vast amounts of political capital in his first year, fighting for what ended up being a bad health care reform bill in my view. Obama could waste another year on immigration reform and be left with nothing to show for it in the end. Meanwhile, he would be so weakened by it that he wouldn't be able to get anything else accomplished. If that's not bad enough, his efforts would simply be used as a basis for Republicans to energize their supporters going into the midterm elections... creating even bigger losses for Democrats than would have been the case otherwise.\nA Republican President wasn't able to do it with a Republican Congress... Republicans blocked the effort. They are going to be even more aggressive in blocking Obama. Obviously nothing can be done before the mid-terms, and Gutierrez has to know this. Most members of Congress are worried about re-election and aren't going to touch the taboo subject (made taboo by Republicans/Tea Partiers). It's radioactive. There are just certain political and mathematical realities that cannot be ignored.\nOn the other side of the midterms, Republicans are expected to win back one, if not both Houses of Congress...making the passage of any legislation on comprehensive immigration reform impossible. Even under assessments friendly to the Democrats, Republicans are expected to gain so many seats...that even if they come up short on regaining the majority in the House or Senate, they will still be able to block legislation. So I just don't understand what Gutierrez, and his supporters, are so upset about. Why are they upset with Obama? Do they really believe he is Superman or some sort of political MacGyver? President Obama cannot make a proclamation and declare something to be law. Congressman Gutierrez and his supporters should be lobbying the other members of Congress.... not just the President (and perhaps they shouldn't be focused on the President at all in this case). Gutierrez should target Congressional Republicans in particular. That's where he should focus his anger. Not at the President.\nI guess Elena Kagan is such a blank slate that Republicans have to find others to attack.... even the dearly departed. They were apparently so desperate this week that they dug up a class paper that Kagan wrote decades ago, before she even entered law school. Of course they failed miserably with that effort.\nBut what annoyed me most was the way that Republican Senators on the Judiciary Committee used Kagan to attack Thurgood Marshall - a giant and American hero. Listen to the highlights of the hearings from last week, where Marshall is repeatedly brought up, attacked and diminished by Republicans. The effort was led by Senators Lindsey Graham, John Kyl, and Jeff Sessions. Their racism was plain to see and it was clear that they were playing to their base - their white Southern audiences back home. By targeting Marshall, they were attacking civil rights, desegregation, and equal justice...all the things he stood for. In their attacks (in front of at least one Marshall family member) they painted Marshall as a radical...as a judicial \"activist\". Marshall's opinions as a judge -upholding the idea of fairness, equal rights, etc- were out of the mainstream (although there is no evidence of that whatsoever). What they were really criticizing was Marshall's career before he became a judge. They were basically saying that Brown v. Topeka Board of Education was not decided correctly and was a result of Marshall's work as an attorney & agitator, and a result of an activist Supreme Court which overturned years of segregation. They suggested that since racism, esp. Jim Crow, was the law of the land, and was well established, settled law.... someone like Thurgood Marshall was a radical and activist because he came along and stirred things up by daring to challenge what had been legal precedent prior to May 1954. In other words, these Senators were sending the not-so-subtle message that Plessy v. Ferguson, the 1896 case that upheld segregation in schools, should have been allowed to stand as it was settled law. Racist to the core.\nWhy has the national corporate media allowed this to go almost unchallenged? I saw the segments on MSNBC...but I have not heard much from any other outlet. Unreal.\nSenator Al Franken provided a pretty good rebuttal - see video.\nBesides Al Franken.... few Senators/House members have spoken out against this blatant racism.\nSee Thurgood Marshall Jr's response. Hear an interview with Thurgood Marshall Jr. from NPR.\nThis comes on top of efforts by racist jackasses like Glenn Beck who want to hijack the anniversary of the 1963 March on Washington as a way to mock Dr. Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights struggle. Beck says he wants to \"restore honor\" and dignity to America..... as opposed to MLK, advancements in Civil Rights, and that nigra being elected President.\nIs the U.S. Headed For a Greek Style Economic Collapse?\nFinancial Historian Niall Ferguson thinks the U.S. could be headed for a big fall- IF it stays on its current course of spending much more than it collects in revenue. Hear discussion from OnPointRadio. (A Must Listen). He points out what I have been saying here since I started... this business as usual nonsense is unsustainable. Business as usual meaning spending billions (now well over a Trillion) on wars that we don't need, being afraid to talk about a sensible tax policy...because Republicans have turned just the mention of taxes into a \"taboo\", not working fast enough to build and feed a Green industry- continuing to assume that it will magically blossom on its own, not working hard enough to build small/medium businesses and to create jobs, and not investing in educating future generations (why do I have to go $80,000.00 in debt before I even have a chance to live...just because I want an education? True story....my story). Other countries educate their people at very low cost or for free in some cases. They put a priority on people, rather than huge military industrial complex's or phony corrupt stock markets.\nI am not as downbeat as some of the voices of gloom and doom. I don't think that the U.S. is headed for a quick collapse - at least not yet. In my mind, I am keeping my fingers crossed that it doesn't happen. The U.S. came close to this in the Fall of 2008. A collapse of the big banks was narrowly avoided. I am skeptical for the future though. The Obama administration can barely get a financial reform bill approved in the House & Senate - in fact, there are currently not enough votes to get the bill through the Senate. Republicans are blocking any efforts to make Progress on reforming an out of date system. With the prospect of clueless American voters returning these same Republicans to power in November of this year and again in 2012, there is no reason to be hopeful. Republicans are talking from both sides of their mouths. On one hand, Republicans say they are concerned about the debt, the deficit, and want to control spending, yet they blocked the Presidents Debt Commission - a commission tasked with steering the Country clear of complete economic collapse. I realize that this is part of the Republican Party's efforts to weaken Obama's ability to govern, so that he fails. But shouldn't they be more concerned about the Country???? Just a little concerned?\nI believe the U.S. may be headed for several months, if not years, of stagnant growth and high unemployment which will only make the debt problems worse. With the lack of revenue from business growth and job creation, the U.S. will have to borrow more to maintain basic services. Cuts...and I mean massive cuts, will be necessary if the U.S. is to avoid a Greek-like crisis. But I just don't see that happening. Politicians from both parties are more concerned with their political careers. David Walker, former comptroller general of the United States, warns that by 2035, the U.S. will only be able to afford to pay the interest on the debt and nothing else. Unreal! Why isn't this issue on the front burner?\n1. For now...the U.S. maintains the advantage of being the biggest economy in the World...and the biggest consumer. This means that other nations (who are now the producers) will be cooperative, for the most part, on trade, monetary policy, and will want to make sure that their chief consumer remains stable....so their economies can stay afloat.\n2. The U.S. currency is still....for now... the main reserve currency for the globe..... for now.\n3. The U.S. isn't as leveraged (debt as % of GDP) as many other nations in Europe.\nSo there is hope... but there has to be some action. Right now... no real action is on the horizon. That's what bothers me. The U.S. is stuck on stupid...stuck in some sort of perpetual malaise, thanks to the Republican Party and a stupid electorate that keeps supporting these jackasses.\n\nWho did the writer say should be the next Speaker of the House, Majority Leader, or Whip in place of the current Democratic leaders?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "94cf32fa83d3496db05c153cd8d7ecde", "conversation_index": 933994, "turn_index": 8, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1021, "prompt": "T 16-177,79,7 162,98,7 196,97,8 161,117,8 206,122,8 167,137,8 207,141,8 170,141,8 193,141,8 171,169,9 198,168,9 173,192,9 200,192,10;248,62,8 261,73,8 242,73,8 268,86,8 235,84,8 270,98,8 239,99,8 259,98,8 245,98,8 262,119,9 247,120,8 267,140,9 250,140,9;97,104,6 104,110,7 79,113,7 111,118,7 77,128,7 102,129,7 94,131,7 101,139,7 85,139,7 106,155,8 78,137,7 102,170,8 80,159,8;314,103,9 297,117,9 328,119,10 291,136,10 329,129,10 287,158,10 338,159,10 297,165,11 321,165,11 298,173,11 315,170,11 298,206,12 316,207,12;212,58,8 221,67,8 202,66,8 225,83,8 195,71,7 226,95,8 199,73,8 216,94,8 204,94,8 217,111,8 205,111,8 218,120,8 205,121,8;124,98,6 130,103,7 117,105,6 136,111,7 109,109,7 132,100,7 115,100,6 131,122,7 119,123,7 140,117,7 110,129,7 134,121,7 121,121,7;287,60,8 300,85,9 321,85,9 295,92,9 324,92,9 295,92,9 328,93,9 302,111,9 318,111,9 287,60,8 313,115,10 289,120,9 287,60,8\nT 17-192,84,7 164,100,7 196,100,7 160,122,7 206,124,8 166,140,8 206,142,8 170,143,8 193,142,8 171,172,8 197,170,9 172,194,9 198,193,9;248,64,8 262,74,8 242,74,8 268,88,8 236,86,7 270,100,8 237,100,8 258,100,8 244,99,8 261,121,8 246,121,8 265,142,9 248,142,8;97,108,6 103,113,6 78,115,7 110,120,7 75,131,7 102,131,7 93,133,7 100,141,7 84,142,7 106,140,7 77,139,7 111,174,8 79,174,8;209,61,7 218,69,7 199,68,7 224,84,7 191,75,7 224,97,7 198,74,7 214,98,7 201,97,7 212,122,8 204,121,8 209,145,8 206,144,8;122,100,6 129,105,6 115,107,6 135,113,7 108,111,6 131,101,6 114,102,6 130,125,7 117,125,7 141,119,7 109,122,7 132,122,7 107,121,7;292,80,8 298,88,8 315,89,8 292,96,8 315,102,8 293,108,8 315,109,8 299,112,8 311,112,8 297,121,9 310,121,9 295,112,8 309,121,9"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "dea119f1215b4e528e450a94fa4db644", "conversation_index": 64388, "turn_index": 4, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 995, "prompt": "d'après les données de la course reunion 1 course 2 qu'elle cheval est susceptible de gagner la course. 1 PREMIER ORDRE DEMURO C. GUARNIERI M.\nH3 59 13 2NAME_1 6NAME_1 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 1NAME_1 (22) 9NAME_1 4NAME_1 2NAME_1 2NAME_1\nWhitecliffsofdover-Law And Order\n2 DURANGO BARZALONA M. GRAFFARD (S) FH.\nH3 57.5 9 10NAME_1 5NAME_1 4NAME_1 (22) 1NAME_1 4NAME_1 10NAME_1\nDark Angel-Cersei\n3 GOGUEN SPAISE MOSSE G. DE MIEULLE (S) J.\nM3 57 6 7NAME_1 4NAME_1 3NAME_1 2NAME_1 (22) 4NAME_1 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 3NAME_1 6NAME_1\nDabirsim-Lisa Road\n4 WOODSTOCK CITY {GB} LEMAITRE NAME_2. HEAD (S) CHR.\nM3 57 11 1NAME_1 5NAME_1 5NAME_1 3NAME_1 3NAME_1 (22) 3NAME_1\nChurchill-White Witch\n5 AALTO LECOEUVRE C. DEVIN (S) HF.\nM3 57 16 3NAME_1 (22) 4NAME_1 1NAME_1 7NAME_1\nZelzal-Au Dessus\n6 MADAME DE SAXE {IRE} PESLIER O. LE DREN DOLEUZE R.\nNAME_25 57 12 5NAME_1 1NAME_1 (22) 5NAME_1 8NAME_1\nSaxon Warrior-Sariette\n7 SAYED PICCONE T. PANTALL HA.\nM3 56.5 10 4NAME_1 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 (22) 4NAME_1\nFrench Fifteen-Al Zarqa\n8 ENDS OF THE EARTH {GB} MURZABAYEV NAME_11. PANTALL HA.\nM3 56.5 8 6NAME_1 5NAME_1 4NAME_1 (22) 1NAME_1\nTerritories-Heavenly Scent\n9 OPIANA {GB} GUYON M. MONFORT (S) ED.\nNAME_25 56 3 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 3NAME_1 (22) 8NAME_1\nAnodin-Cosmique\n10 SEE THE LIGHT BOUTIN Hug. HERNON G.\nH3 55.5 2 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 (22) 5NAME_1 7NAME_1 8NAME_1 3NAME_1 2NAME_1 10NAME_1\nPedro The Great-Miss Raven\n11 I'M NAME_2 BELIEVER (oeil Aus) NAME_26 NAME_13.\nM3 55 5 1NAME_1 1NAME_1 6NAME_1 (22) 5NAME_1 5NAME_1 3NAME_1 9NAME_1\nSeabhac-Winds Up\n12 SOLEIL D'ARIZONA MENDIZABAL I. MONFORT (S) FR.\nNAME_25 55 4 6NAME_1 5NAME_1 1NAME_1\nPrince Gibraltar-Roxanne\n13 SAADIYAT {IRE} MADAMET NAME_2. LAFFON-PARIAS C.\nNAME_25 55 14 6NAME_1 3NAME_1 (22) 2NAME_1\nLope De Vega-Sweepstake\n14 MORE CRASTUS NAME_2. FERLAND (S) C.\nNAME_25 54.5 7 1NAME_1 8NAME_1 1NAME_1 2NAME_1 (22) 6NAME_1 5NAME_1 2NAME_1\nShalaa-Sport Game\n15 LARISSA'S WORLD POUCHIN NAME_2. WATTEL (S) S.\nNAME_25 54.5 1 8NAME_1 5NAME_1 2NAME_1\nSeabhac-Lake Baino"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6375176063304a298e4c78d61dff7379", "conversation_index": 744550, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 968, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% Security total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_2 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_3 & NAME_4 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "9730354cdd3be173f55b58be764ce71bee3b3ae42517ced6", "conversation_index": 7422, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6233, "prompt": "/* language: CSS */\nbody\n{\nfont-size:.75em;\nfont-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif;\ncolor: #696969;\n}\na:link\n{\ncolor: #034af3;\ntext-decoration: underline;\n}\na:visited\n{\ncolor: #505abc;\n}\na:hover\n{\ncolor: #1d60ff;\ntext-decoration: none;\n}\na:active\n{\ncolor: #12eb87;\n}\na.selected\n{\ntext-decoration: overline;\n}\np\n{\nmargin-bottom: 20px;\nline-height: 1.6em;\n}\nul\n{\n    list-style-type: none;\n    margin: 0; \n    padding: 0;\n}\n/* Primary Layout  -  Start */\n.page\n{\n/* width: 90%; */\nmargin-left: auto;\nmargin-right: auto;\n}\n#header\n{\nposition: relative;\nmargin-bottom: 0px;\ncolor: #000;\npadding: 0;\n}\n#header h1\n{\nfont-weight: bold;\npadding: 5px 0;\nmargin: 0;\ncolor: Gray;\nborder: none;\nfont-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\nfont-size: 32px!important;\n}\n#header>.nof-action\n{\nmargin-top:10px;\nfloat: right;\npadding: 6px;\n}\n#header #title\n{\ndisplay:block;\nfloat:left;\ntext-align:left;\nmargin-right: 1em;\n}\n#main\n{\npadding: 30px 30px 15px 30px;\nbackground-color: #fff;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\n}\n#footer\n{\ncolor: #999;\npadding: 10px 0;\ntext-align: center;\nline-height: normal;\nmargin: 0;\nfont-size:.9em;\n}\n.nof-object\n{\npadding: 3px;\n}\ndiv.nof-standalonetable>.nof-object, div.nof-objectview>.nof-object, div.nof-objectedit>.nof-object, div.nof-actiondialog>.nof-object\n{\nclear: left; /* So that it doesn't follow the wrapper history */\n}\n/* Primary Layout  -  End */\n\n/* History  - Start */\n.nof-history\n{\nClear: left;\n}\n.nof-history.nof-object\n{\nFloat: left;\n}\n.nof-history button\n{\nFloat: left;\nheight:20px;\ncolor: #777777;\nmargin-bottom: 10px;\npadding-top: 1px;\n}\n.nof-history img\n{\nheight:16px;\ndisplay: inline;\nvertical-align:top;\nmargin: -2px 5px -4px 0;\n}\n.nof-history a:link\n{\ncolor: #438aff;\n}\n.nof-history a:visited\n{\ncolor: #707adc;\n}\n/* History  - End */\n\n/* Tabbed History  - Start */\n.nof-tabbed-history\n{\n    height: 36px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #777777;\n}\n\n/*all tabs*/\n.nof-tab\n{\nFloat: left;\nborder: 1px solid #777777;\nborder-top-left-radius: 5px;\nborder-top-right-radius: 5px;\nborder-bottom: none;\nbackground-color: #d3dce0;\npadding: 0px 3px 0px 3px;\n}\n\n.transient\n{\n    Float: left;\n    border: 1px solid #777777;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    border-top-left-radius: 5px;\n    border-top-right-radius: 5px;\n    border-bottom: none;\n    background-color: #efeeef;\n    padding-top: 10px;\n    padding-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 5px;\n    padding-right: 5px;\n}\n\n.nof-tab img,.nof-tab a,.nof-tab form\n{\n    float: left;\n    padding-top: 10px;\n}\n.nof-tab.active\n{\nborder-bottom: 1px solid #efeeef;\nbackground-color: #efeeef;\n}\n.nof-tab a\n{\n    width: 40px;\n    text-overflow: ellipsis;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    padding: 10px 0px 10px 3px;\n}\n.nof-tab.active a\n{\n    width:auto;\n    text-overflow:initial;\n    white-space: normal;\n    overflow: auto;\n}\n.nof-tab form button.nof-clear-item\n{\nFloat: left;\nheight:16px;\nwidth: 16px;\ncolor: #777777;\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/tab-close.png\") no-repeat;\ntext-indent: -1000px;\nmargin-right: 0px;\nborder: none;\npadding: 10px 0px 15px 0px;\n}\n\n.nof-tab form button.nof-clear-item:hover\n{\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/tab-close-hover.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-tabbed-history,.nof-tab\n{\n     position: relative;\n}\n\n.nof-tabbed-history > form\n{\n    display: none;\n}\n\n.nof-tab img\n{\nheight:16px;\n}\n.nof-tab a:link\n{\ncolor: #438aff;\ntext-decoration: none;\n}\n\n.nof-tab a:hover\n{\ntext-decoration: underline;\nbackground-color: initial;\n}\n\n.nof-tab.active a:hover\n{\ntext-decoration: none;\n}\n\n.nof-tab a:visited\n{\ncolor: #438aff;\n}\n.nof-tab.ui-menu\n{\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 30px;\n    z-index: 10;\n}\n\n.nof-tab.ui-menu a\n{\n    width: auto;\n}\n\n/* Tabbed History  - End */\n\n\n/* Menus  - Start */\ndiv.nof-servicelist\n{\nCLEAR:left;\nWIDTH: 100%;\nHEIGHT: 34px;\nBORDER: 0;\nMARGIN: 0;\nPADDING: 0;\nLIST-STYLE-TYPE: none;\nLIST-STYLE-IMAGE: none;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc;\n}\n/*Global menu styles*/\ndiv.nof-menu a {\nTEXT-DECORATION: none;\nCOLOR: #083755;\n}\ndiv.nof-servicelist div.nof-menu {\nPOSITION: relative;\nDISPLAY: block;\nFLOAT: left;\nPADDING: 0;\nMARGIN: 0;\nBORDER-RIGHT: white 1px solid;\nFONT: 8pt verdana, arial, helvetica;\n}\ndiv.nof-servicelist div.nof-menu > div.nof-menuname {\nDISPLAY: block;\nBORDER: 0;\nPADDING:10px 8px 0px 8px;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #87a8c3;\nCOLOR: #083755;\nTEXT-ALIGN: center;\nTEXT-DECORATION: none;\nZ-INDEX: 500;\nHEIGHT:24px;\nBORDER-BOTTOM: white 1px solid;\n}\ndiv.nof-servicelist div.nof-menu div.nof-menuname:hover {\nBACKGROUND: #75b755;\n}\ndiv.nof-objectview div.nof-menu,  div.nof-standalonetable div.nof-menu {\nPOSITION: relative;\nFLOAT: left;\nDISPLAY: block;\nBORDER: 0px;\nPADDING: 10px 8px 0px 8px;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #87a8c3;\nCOLOR: #083755;\nFONT: 8pt verdana, arial, helvetica;\nTEXT-ALIGN: center;\nTEXT-DECORATION: none;\nHEIGHT:24px;\nBORDER-BOTTOM: white 1px solid;\nmargin-top: 17px;\n/*margin-left: 10px;*/\n}\ndiv.nof-objectview div.nof-menu:hover, div.nof-standalonetable div.nof-menu:hover {\nBACKGROUND: #75b755;\n}\ndiv.nof-objectview div.nof-menu[title=\"No Actions Available\"]\n{\ncolor: #666666;\nbackground: #cccccc;\n}\ndiv.nof-standalonetable div.nof-menu[title=\"No Actions Available\"]\n{\n    display: none;\n}\ndiv.nof-menuitems {\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nPOSITION: absolute;\nDISPLAY: none;\nTOP: 34px;\nLEFT: 0px;\nWIDTH: 170px;\nMARGIN: 0;\nPADDING: 0px;\nLIST-STYLE-TYPE: none;\nLIST-STYLE-IMAGE: none;\nFONT: 8pt verdana, arial, helvetica;\nBORDER-RIGHT:solid 50px transparent;\nBORDER-BOTTOM:solid 30px transparent;\n}\n\ndiv.nof-menu:hover div.nof-menuitems {\nDISPLAY: block;\n}\n.nof-menuitems form.nof-action {\nBORDER:0;\nMARGIN:0;\nPADDING:0;\n}\n.nof-menu button {\nBORDER:0;\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR:#a5de8a;\nTEXT-ALIGN:left;\nFONT: 8pt verdana, arial, helvetica;\n}\n.nof-menu button:hover {\nBACKGROUND-COLOR:#75b755;\n}\n.nof-menuitems button,.nof-menuitems button:hover  {\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nDISPLAY:block;\nFLOAT:left;\nPOSITION:relative;\nCLEAR: left;\nWIDTH: 170px;\nMARGIN:0;\nPADDING-TOP: 4px;\nPADDING-RIGHT: 8px;\nPADDING-BOTTOM: 4px;\nPADDING-LEFT: 8px;\nBORDER-TOP: 1px #ffffff solid;\n}\n.nof-menuitems div.nof-action  {\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nDISPLAY:block;\nFLOAT:left;\nPOSITION:relative;\nCLEAR: left;\nWIDTH: 154px;\nMARGIN:0;\nPADDING-TOP: 4px;\nPADDING-RIGHT: 8px;\nPADDING-BOTTOM: 4px;\nPADDING-LEFT: 8px;\nBORDER-TOP: 1px #ffffff solid;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR:#cccccc;\nCOLOR:#666666;\nTEXT-ALIGN:left;\n}\n.nof-menuitems div.nof-action:hover  {\nCOLOR:#999999;\n}\n/* Styling of SubMenu elements */\ndiv.nof-submenuitems {\nMARGIN:0 10px 0 10px;\nPADDING:0;\nLIST-STYLE:none;\nDISPLAY:none;\nWIDTH:170px;\nPOSITION:absolute;\nTOP:-1px;\nLEFT:160px;\n/*BORDER:0px solid #ffffff;*/\nborder-bottom: solid 30px transparent;\nborder-right: solid 30px transparent;\n}\ndiv.nof-submenu:hover > div.nof-submenuitems{\nDISPLAY: block;\n}\ndiv.nof-submenu button:hover, div.nof-submenu:hover{\nBACKGROUND: #75b755;\nBORDER-TOP:1px solid white;\n}\n.nof-submenu {\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nPOSITION: relative;\nCLEAR: left;\nWIDTH: 146px;\nFLOAT:left;\nBORDER-TOP:1px solid white;\nPADDING-TOP: 4px;\nPADDING-RIGHT: 14px;\nPADDING-BOTTOM: 4px;\nPADDING-LEFT: 10px;\nBACKGROUND: #a5de8a;\nBACKGROUND-IMAGE:url(\"../Images/SubMenuPointer.png\");\nBACKGROUND-REPEAT:no-repeat;\nBACKGROUND-POSITION: right  50%;\nCOLOR:#000000;\nTEXT-ALIGN: left;\n}\ndiv.nof-submenuitems button {\nPOSITION:relative;\nZ-INDEX:2000;\nCLEAR:left;\nFLOAT:left;\nWIDTH:170px;\nBORDER-TOP:1px solid #ffffff;\nPADDING:4px 10px;\nBACKGROUND:#a5de8a;\nTEXT-ALIGN:left;\n}\n.nof-submenuitem button:hover{\nBACKGROUND: #75b755;\n}\n/* PROPERTY_based menu styles below... */\n.nof-property div.nof-menu,.nof-parameter div.nof-menu {\nFLOAT:right;\nposition:relative;\n}\n.nof-property div.nof-menu div.nof-menuname {\nDISPLAY: block;\nFLOAT:right;\nHEIGHT:17px;\nBORDER:1px solid white;\npadding:4px 4px 4px 4px;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #c2e6b2;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-menu div.nof-menuname {\nDISPLAY: block;\nFLOAT:right;\nHEIGHT:17px;\n/* BORDER:1px solid white; */\npadding:4px 4px 4px 4px;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #9dbdd9;\n}\n.nof-property div.nof-submenu div.nof-menuname {\nDISPLAY: block;\nFLOAT:left;\nBORDER:0px solid red;\nMARGIN:0;\nHEIGHT:10px;\nPADDING:3px;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-submenu div.nof-menuname {\nDISPLAY: block;\nFLOAT:left;\nBORDER:0px solid red;\nMARGIN:0;\nHEIGHT:15px;\nPADDING:0;\nMARGIN-LEFT:-2px;\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #a5de8a;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-submenu div.nof-menuname:hover {\nBACKGROUND-COLOR: #75b755;\n}\n.nof-property.nof-menuitems,.nof-parameter.nof-menuitems {\nZ-INDEX: 2000;\nPOSITION: absolute;\nFLOAT:left;\nDISPLAY: none;\nTOP: 24px;\nLEFT: 00px;\nWIDTH: 170px;\nBORDER:0px solid red;\nMARGIN: 0;\nPADDING: 0px;\nLIST-STYLE-TYPE: none;\nLIST-STYLE-IMAGE: none;\nFONT: 8pt verdana, arial, helvetica;\n}\n\n/*Find menus in Popup-dialogs*/\n\n.popup-dialog.nof-parameterlist\n{\n    min-width: 500px;\n}\n\n.popup-dialog.nof-parameterlist > button\n{\n    margin-top: 30px;\n}\n\n.popup-dialog.nof-menuitems\n{\n    left: -135px;\n}\n\n.popup-dialog.nof-submenuitems\n{\n    left: -180px;\n}\n\n/* Menus  - End */\n\n/* Finder Menu  - Start */\n/* Float the 'Find' menu to the right, within the property/parameter. */\n.nof-menu#Find\n{\nfloat: right;\n}\n/* Results of Find should be pale blue when within a dialog parameter... */\n.nof-parameter.nof-object.nof-collection-list  table\n{\nbackground-color: #9dbdd9;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-object.nof-collection-list  table div.nof-object\n{\nbackground-color: #9dbdd9;\n}\n/*... and pale green within a property in an edit view */\n.nof-property.nof-object.nof-collection-list table\n{\nbackground-color: #c2e6b2;\n}\n.nof-property.nof-object.nof-collection-list table div.nof-object\n{\nbackground-color: #c2e6b2;\n}\n/* Finder Menu  - End */\n\n/* Property List  -  Start */\n.nof-propertylist\n{\nclear: left;\ndisplay: table;\nwidth:700px;\nfont-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\nfont-size:12px;\ncolor: #083755;\nmargin-top: 10px;\npadding-top: 10px;\n}\n.nof-property {\ndisplay: table-row;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\nbackground-color:#9dbdd9;\nheight:30px;\n}\n.nof-property label {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nbackground-color:#87a8c3;\ntext-align:right;\nvertical-align:middle;\nfont-weight:bold;\nborder-right:1px solid white;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\nwidth:160px;\npadding:3px;\n}\n.nof-property div.nof-value,.nof-property div.nof-object,.nof-property.nof-collection-summary {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nbackground-color:#9dbdd9;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:3px;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\n}\n/* Drag and drop */\n.nof-property div.nof-object.nof-validdrop.nof-withindrop {\nbackground-color:#00cc00;\n}\n.nof-property div.nof-object.nof-validdrop {\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.nof-property select {\ndisplay:inline;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:3px;\n}\n.nof-property.nof-collection-list, .nof-property.nof-collection-table {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nbackground-color:#9dbdd9;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:0px;\nmargin-right:0px;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\n}\n.nof-collection-summary div.nof-object {\nborder-bottom:0px;\n}\n.nof-property img{\nheight:24px;\ndisplay: inline;\nvertical-align:middle;\nmargin: -2px 5px -4px 0;\n}\n.nof-property a,.nof-parameter a {\nheight:24px;\ndisplay: inline;\nvertical-align:middle;\nmargin: 0px 5px -4px 10px;\n}\n/* Float the 'Find' menu to the right, within the property/parameter. */\n.nof-object.nof-menu#Find {\nfloat: right;\n}\n/* For inputs marked up with Multiline attribute */\nTextArea\n{\nwidth: 520px;\n/* Not sure why but it appears these are not inherited from property list, so repeated here*/\nfont-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\nfont-size:12px;\ncolor: #083755;\n}\nTextArea[readonly=\"ReadOnly\"]\n{\nbackground-color:#9dbdd9;\n}\n.nof-property div form\n{\nfloat: left;\n}\n/* Property List  -  End */\n.nof-actiondialog {\nborder:1px solid #ffffff;\nbackground-color:#DCF2D3;\npadding:5px;\nwidth:700px;\nmargin:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n.nof-property.nof-actiondialog{\nwidth:540px;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-actiondialog {\nwidth:540px;\nbackground-color:#b4d3ee;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-actiondialog label {\nbackground-color:#87a8c3;\ncolor: white;\nborder-bottom:0;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-actiondialog.nof-value {\nbackground-color:#9dbdd9;\ncolor: white;\nborder-bottom:0;\n}\n.nof-parameterlist\n{\nclear: left;\ndisplay: table;\nwidth:100%;\nfont-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\nfont-size:12px;\ncolor: #083755;\nmargin-top: 10px;\npadding-top: 10px;\n}\n.nof-parameter {\ndisplay: table-row;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\nheight:30px;\n}\n.nof-parameter label {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nbackground-color:#A5DE8A;\ntext-align:right;\nvertical-align:middle;\nfont-weight:bold;\nborder-right:1px solid #DCF2D3; /* Light Green borders */\nborder-bottom:1px solid #DCF2D3;\nwidth:160px;\npadding:3px;\ncolor:#326F16; /*Darkest Green text */\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-value,.nof-parameter div.nof-object,.nof-parameter.nof-collection-summary {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nbackground-color:#C2E6B2;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:3px;\nborder-bottom:1px solid #DCF2D3;\n}\n/* Drag and drop */\n.nof-parameter div.nof-object.nof-validdrop.nof-withindrop {\nbackground-color:#00cc00;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-object.nof-validdrop {\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.nof-parameter select {\ndisplay: inline;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:3px;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-collection-list, .nof-parameter.nof-collection-table {\ndisplay: table-cell;\nvertical-align:middle;\npadding:0px;\nmargin-right:0px;\nborder-bottom:1px solid white;\n}\n.nof-parameter.nof-collection-summary div.nof-object {\nborder-bottom:0px;\n}\n.nof-parameter img {\nheight:24px;\nvertical-align:middle;\nmargin: -4px 5px -4px 0;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-value div.nof-menu,.nof-parameter div.nof-object div.nof-menu,.nof-parameter.nof-collection-summary  div.nof-menu {\nfloat:right;\nheight:24px;\nborder:1px solid white;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-value div.nof-menu a,.nof-parameter div.nof-object div.nof-menu a,.nof-parameter.nof-collection-summary  div.nof-menu a {\npadding: 5px 10px 5px 10px;\n}\n.nof-parameter div.nof-menu.nof-menuitems,.nof-parameter div.nof-object div.nof-menu.nof-menuitems,.nof-parameter.nof-collection-summary  div.nof-menu.nof-menuitems {\ntop:24px;\n}\ninput[type=\"text\"]\n{\nwidth: 200px;\nborder: 1px solid #CCC;\n}\ninput[type=\"password\"]\n{\nwidth: 200px;\nborder: 1px solid #CCC;\n}\n.nof-parameter Button[name=\"Details\"]\n{\nborder: none;\nbackground-color: transparent;\ncolor: #034af3;\ntext-decoration: underline;\n}\n/* Tables  -  Start */\n.nof-collection-table,.nof-collection-list\n{\nclear: left;\npadding-top: 10px;\n}\ntable\n{\nborder: solid 1px #e8eef4;\nborder-collapse: collapse;\nwidth: 100%;\ncolor: #083755;\n}\n.nof-collection-table table,.nof-collection-list table\n{\nborder: solid 1px #e8eef4;\nborder-collapse: collapse;\nwidth: 540px;\npadding: 0px -6px 0 -5px;\n}\ntable td\n{\npadding: 5px;\nborder: solid 1px #e8eef4;\nvertical-align: middle;\n}\n.nof-property table div.nof-object\n{\ndisplay: table-cell;\nvertical-align: middle;\npadding: 0px;\nborder-bottom: 0;\n}\n.nof-property table div.nof-value\n{\ndisplay: table-cell;\nvertical-align: middle;\npadding: 0px;\nborder-bottom: 0;\n}\n.nof-parameter table div.nof-object\n{\ndisplay: table-cell;\nvertical-align: middle;\npadding: 0px;\nborder-bottom: 0;\n}\ntable td.nof-remove\n{\nborder-bottom: solid 1px #9dbdd9;\nborder-right: solid 1px #9dbdd9;\nborder-top: solid 2px #9dbdd9;\nbackground-color: #9dbdd9;\n}\ntable td img\n{\nheight: 24px;\nvertical-align: middle;\nmargin: -4px 5px -4px 0;\n}\n/* Padding either side of links within a table... */\ntable td a\n{\nmargin: 0px 10px 0px 10px;\nposition: relative;\ntop: -2px;\n}\ntable.ui-datepicker-calendar a\n{\nmargin: 0 0px;\n}\ntable th\n{\npadding: 6px 5px;\ntext-align: left;\nbackground-color: #678dab;\nborder: solid 1px #ffffff;\ncolor: #fff;\n}\ntable thempty\n{\nheight: 0;\npadding: 0;\nborder-top: 1px solid #ffffff;\nborder-left: 1px solid #9dbdd9;\nborder-right: 1px solid #9dbdd9; /*border-bottom: solid 1px #9dbdd9;*/\nbackground-color: #9dbdd9;\n}\ntd.nof-object button\n{\nfloat: right;\n}\ntd.nof-object button[title=\"Select\"]\n{\nfloat: none;\ndisplay: inline;\n}\n/* Tables  -  End */\n\n/* Paging  - Start*/\n.nof-paging.nof-page-number\n{\npadding-top: 4px;\nfont-weight:bold;\nfloat:left;\n}\n.nof-paging.nof-total-count\n{\npadding-top: 4px;\nfont-weight:bold;\nfloat:right;\n}\n.nof-paging button\n{\nwidth: 24px;\nheight: 24px;\npadding: 30px 0 0;\nmargin: 0;\nborder: 0;\noverflow: hidden;\ncursor: pointer;\ncursor: hand;\ntext-indent: -1000em;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"First\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/First.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"First\"][disabled=\"disabled\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/First-disabled.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Previous\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Previous.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Previous\"][disabled=\"disabled\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Previous-disabled.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Next\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Next.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Next\"][disabled=\"disabled\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Next-disabled.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Last\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Last.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n.nof-paging button[title=\"Last\"][disabled=\"disabled\"]\n{\nbackground: transparent url(\"../Images/Last-disabled.png\") no-repeat;\n}\n/* Paging - End */\n\n/* User Messages  -  Start */\n.field-validation-error,.nof-mandatory-field-indicator\n{\ncolor: #ff0000;\n}\n.input-validation-error\n{\nborder: 1px solid #ff0000;\nbackground-color: #ffeeee;\n}\n.validation-summary-errors\n{\nfont-weight: bold;\ncolor: #ff0000;\n}\n/* User Messages  -  End */\n\n/* Buttons - Start */\nbutton.nof-maximize\n{\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    margin: 0;\n    border: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    cursor: hand;\n    text-indent: -1000em;\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/Max.png\") no-repeat;\n}\nbutton.nof-minimize\n{\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    margin: 0;\n    border: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    cursor: hand;\n    text-indent: -1000em;\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/Min.png\") no-repeat;\n}\nbutton.nof-summary\n{\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    margin: 0;\n    border: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    cursor: hand;\n    text-indent: -1000em;\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/Min.png\") no-repeat;\n}\nbutton.nof-list\n{\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    margin-right: 4px;\n    border: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    cursor: hand;\n    text-indent: -1000em;\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/List.png\") no-repeat;\n}\nbutton.nof-table\n{\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    margin: 0;\n    border: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    cursor: hand;\n    text-indent: -1000em;\n    background: transparent url(\"../Images/Table.png\") no-repeat;\n}\ndiv.nof-property div.nof-object form[action*=\"EditObject\"]\n{\n    float: right;\n}\n\n/* Buttons - End */\n\n/* Errors - Start */\n.error \n{\n    clear: left;\n}\n/* Errors - End */\n.nof-viewmodel > form >.nof-menu > div.nof-menuitems {\n    display: block;\n    position: relative;\n    margin: 20px;\n    width: auto;\n}\n\n.nof-viewmodel > form >.nof-menu > div.nof-menuitems > button,.nof-viewmodel > form >.nof-menu > div.nof-menuitems > button:hover {\nwidth: auto;\npadding: 10px;\nmargin: 10px;\nfloat: right;\n}\n\n.nof-viewmodel.nof-propertylist.nof-menu {\ndisplay: none; /*Hide the Find menu always*/\n}\n\n.nof-viewmodel.nof-propertylist\n{\n    margin-top: 50px;\n}\n\n.nof-viewmodel.nof-menuname\n{\n    display: none;\n}\n/*NOF 6.0 - New styling*/\n.body-content,.content-wrapper {\n    padding-top: 30px;\n    margin: auto;\n    max-width: 1170px;\n}\n\n*,\n*:before,\n*:after {\n  -webkit-box-sizing: content-box;\n     -moz-box-sizing: content-box;\n          box-sizing: content-box;\n}\n\n.nof-tab,.nof-tab:after,\n.nof-tab form,.nof-tab form:after,\n.nof-tab form button,.nof-tab form button:after  {\n  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;\n     -moz-box-sizing: border-box;\n          box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nbutton[title=\"OK\"],  button[title=\"Apply\"], button[title=\"Edit\"],  button[title=\"Save\"],  button[name=\"Cancel\"]{\nbackground-color: #d3dce0;\npadding: 7px;\nmargin-right: 8px;\nmargin-top: 8px;\nborder: none;\nfont-size: 12px;\n}\n\nWhat CSS property is used to specify the box model for sizing the tab and form elements?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "c0c828a890514c2e8409547b5276561c", "conversation_index": 227503, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 985, "prompt": "Главная\nФутбол\nХоккей\nБаскетбол\nАвто\nТеннис\nБокс/MMA/UFC\nФигурное катание\nЛыжи\nБиатлон\nМедиафутбол\n\nЛуис Суарес\n\n\nМатч-центр\nНовости\nВидео\nБлоги\nПодкасты\nСтатусы\nБукмекеры\nИгры\nFantasy РПЛ\nКиберспорт\nРегистрация\nВход\nРеклама 18+Вчерашние матчи Матч-центр\n Футбол. Лига Конференций 2023/2024 таблица календарь статистика\n17:00\n Тобол– : –Хонка \n18:00\n Арарат-Армения– : –Эгнатия \n18:00\n Пюник– : –Транс \n20:00\n Алашкерт– : –Арсенал Тиват \n21:00\n Вадуц– : –Неман \n21:30\n Железничар– : –Динамо Минск\n Футбол. Кубок КОНКАКАФ 2023 таблица календарь статистика\nзавершен\n США1 : 1 пПанама \nзавершен\n Ямайка0 : 3Мексика\n Теннис. Уимблдон 2023. Полуфинал сетка календарь\n15:30\n Свитолина – : –Вондроушова \n17:00\n Жабер – : –Соболенко\nКто и сколько заработал на Хвиче? Расследование великой схемы\nКто и сколько заработал на Хвиче? Расследование великой схемы\nКак в «Друзьях Оушена».\n\n+125\n59\nГЛАВНЫЕ НОВОСТИ\nФутбол\n11:51 Месси опередил Холанда в голосовании за лучшего футболиста года от ESPN 9\nТеннис\n11:30 Спецпроект Хорошо знаете историю «Уимблдона»? Проверьте себя\nТеннис\n11:27 Агент Мирры Андреевой опроверг информацию о смене гражданства: «Она является только гражданкой России и будет далее выступать за свою страну» 28\nФутбол\n11:15 Деле Алли рассказал, что 6 недель провел в реабилитационном центре: «Я впал в зависимость от снотворного» 30\nФутбол\n10:36 Маттеус о Кейне в «Баварии»: «100 млн евро за игрока, которому почти 30 – это спорно. Продлить Левандовского было бы дешевле» 34\nФутбол\n10:30 Fantasy Малком, Промес, Сперцян и Чалов – самые дорогие в Fantasy РПЛ-2023/24 (9 млн). В прошлом сезоне столько не стоил никто 9\nФутбол\n10:23 Месси уступил в голосовании за лучшего спортсмена года от ESPN. Награду получил игрок НФЛ Махоумс 77\nФутбол\n10:05 Гендиректор «Зенита» на вопрос о давлении на Вендела: «Игрок под контрактом обязан находиться в команде» 60\nЛегкая атлетика\n09:57 Кастер Семеня о победе в Европейском суде по правам человека: «Я в восторге. Всегда выступала против любой дискриминации в спорте» 44\nБаскетбол\n09:14 Леброн Джеймс объявил, что продолжит карьеру: «Когда не смогу выкладываться на все 100%, тогда и закончу. Этот день не сегодня» 47\nПОКАЗАТЬ БОЛЬШЕ\nНовости Sports.ru в соцсетях и не только\n\n\n\n\n\nНОВОСТИ МОЕЙ КОМАНДЫ\nВыберите любимую команду\n\n\nВыберите вид спорта\nФУТБОЛ\n11:48 Семак о Венделе: «Пищи для размышлений нет, игрока – тоже. Тонкостей его контракта я не знаю, за это отвечает руководство» 7\n11:30 Кузяев о «Гавре»: «Понимаю, что не будем бороться за титул, но хочу попробовать себя в Европе. Франция – идеальный выбор для "}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "33926435bb7e2877d05e7f2c275ee93d2b4b7aec9665e3d5", "conversation_index": 5382, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 11244, "prompt": "2004-11-22 Assigned to MICROSOFT CORPORATION reassignment MICROSOFT CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BARGERON, DAVID M., KRAMER, AXEL, RUIZ, RAFAEL R., ZAHER, MAGED N.\nAccording to an aspect of the present invention, a method for storing a digital annotation is provided. The method includes obtaining a notification of a creation of a digital annotation and identifying an anchor associated with the digital annotation. Once the digital annotation has been received and the anchor identified, a resource: locators representative of a location of the anchor is stored. The resource: locators includes a locator that contains at least one locator part. Additionally, a determination is made as to whether there is a content associated with the digital annotation, and if so, a resource: contents representative of the content associated with the digital annotation is stored.\nThis application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/514,443, filed Oct. 24, 2003, titled ANNOTATION OBJECT MODEL, which is incorporated by reference herein.\nIn general, the present invention relates to computer software and computer information storage, and in particular, to a system and method for processing digital annotations.\nAdvancements in computing devices, networks, storage devices, and digital inputs for computing devices has increased the variety of ways in which a user can interface with digital information. In particular, users now have the capability to digitally annotate, or mark up, electronic data. An “annotation,” as used herein, is additional data a user may anchor or associate with some original information. To “anchor” an annotation, as used herein, means to fix the annotation so that its association relative to some portion of original content remains the same. Typical examples of an annotation in the physical world are sticky notes attached to a document, the “sign here” flag attached to a document, bookmarks, pen scribbles on a document, etc. Digital annotations are similar to physical annotations except that they are associated with electronic data.\nNot only has the advancement of computing technology provided individuals with the ability to digitally annotate documents, the improvement in computer networking has provided users with the increased ability to transfer digital content and to interact with multiple users connected to a network, such as the Internet. For example, a user in California can digitally annotate a document and e-mail that document with the digital annotation to an individual in New York, who may then view the document and the digital annotation.\nAlthough users can digitally annotate digital content, current digital annotation techniques are limited in their flexibility and storage structure. Typically, digital annotations may only be anchored to one location within a document. Additionally, current digital annotation techniques do not store together an anchor and the content around the anchor. Not storing an anchor and the content around the anchor together requires that the digital annotations remain tied to the original information. This limits a user's ability to share portions of information, and to query digital annotations from multiple sources of information. For example, if a user has digitally annotated multiple different sources of information, such as two digital documents and a spreadsheet, the user may only search for digital annotations within each document individually. Still further, to query existing digital annotations, a user is required to query the original information source that contains the digital annotation. A user who does not have access to the original source of information does not have the ability to search for digital annotations that may be present.\nThus, based on the above-mentioned problems associated with existing digital annotation techniques, there is a need for a system and method that overcomes the deficiencies of existing digital annotation technology and provides an annotation object model that enables digital annotations where anchors and content around the anchors may be stored and represented at the same time and independent of the original information. Also desirable is a system and method that allows for multiple anchors for a single digital annotation. Still further, a system and storage structure is needed that provides users the ability to search for and view digital annotations independent of the original source of information.\nAccording to an aspect of the present invention, a method for storing a digital annotation is provided. The method includes obtaining a notification of a creation of a digital annotation and identifying an anchor associated with the digital annotation. Once the digital annotation has been received and the anchor identified, a resource object representative of a location of the anchor is stored. The resource object includes a locator that contains at least one locator part. Additionally, a determination is made as to whether there is any content associated with the digital annotation, and if so, a resource object representative of the content associated with the digital annotation is stored.\nAccording to another aspect of the present invention, an annotation object model for storing a digital annotation is provided. The annotation object model includes an annotation class, a resources class, and a locators class. The annotation class includes an author identification, identifying an author of the digital annotation, and at least one reference to a collection of resource objects. The resources class is configured to identify the anchor or the cargo of the digital annotation. The locators class includes at least one locator part. Each of the locator parts serve to locate the annotation's association with the content.\nAccording to still another aspect of the present invention, a method for querying for an existing digital annotation is provided. The method includes receiving a query parameter, determining a query type, and querying an annotation store for annotation objects matching the query parameter. The results returned from the query are compiled and at least one digital annotation that matches the query parameters is returned.\nFIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrative of a digital annotation query routine, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.\nGenerally described, the present invention relates to a system and method for processing digital annotations. Processing can include, but is not limited to, creating, modifying, storing, and querying. In one aspect, digital annotation anchors, the annotation content of those anchors, and potentially the content surrounding those anchors (annotated content) may be stored together so that the digital annotation may be accessed, modified, and/or queried independent of the original information. In another aspect, the present invention may also provide for digital annotations with multiple anchors and multiple types of annotation content and annotated content. Additionally, queries may be performed on existing digital annotations resulting in the return of digital annotations, and the annotated content associated with those digital annotations, matching the query parameters.\nAs a result of the different aspects of the present invention, digital annotations may be associated with a specific portion, or portions, of electronic data, regardless of the format of the data and/or the storage location of the data. Additionally, in an example of a networked computing system, a user may create digital annotations within electronic data residing on a computing device at a first location. The digital annotations may be queried and obtained by a computing device at a second location, regardless of whether the computing device has direct access to the original data. In such an example, not only is the digital annotation accessible, but a user without the original data may also obtain the annotated content, thereby providing context to the digital annotation.\nAs will be appreciated, embodiments of the present invention may be utilized to digitally annotate any type of electronic data. For example, digital annotations may be created on a digital document, audio, spreadsheet, image, video, e-mail, slide presentation, or any other form of electronic data. While any form of digital data may be utilized by embodiments of the present invention, for consistency and ease of explanation, the example of a digital document (referred to herein as a “document”) will be utilized. The use of documents to describe examples and embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way and it will be understood that embodiments of the present invention are equally applicable to any type of electronic data.\nEmbodiments of the present invention expand the scope of types of possible digital annotations to include any form of digital metadata that is added to a document which does not change the content integrity of the document. For example, a digital annotation may be, but is not limited to, a digital “sticky note” (en electronic note included inside a document), a text comment, a snippet, inking in the margin of a document, a margin-bar (vertical indication next to content), highlights over existing content of a document, symbols, underlines, bookmarks (a pointer into some content that helps a user navigate and re-find a particular location), a hyperlink to some other document that the user has added to a document and annotated grouping or annotated relationships (a user might select the number of files and add a comment to that group, or the user might underline two sections in a document and connect both with one margin note). Processing (e.g., creation, storage, and querying) of exemplary digital annotations will be described in further detail below.\nFIG. 1A is a block diagram of an annotation object model graph 100 that may be utilized to represent any type of digital annotation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. An annotation object model graph 100 includes three objects: an annotation object 101, two resources objects 105, and a locators object 107. Utilizing those three object types (i.e. classes), any type of digital annotation may be represented and stored regardless of the different combinations of data within each class. For example, the annotation object model graph 100 provides the ability to store annotation objects representative of digital annotations such as text comments, snippets, etc., which require different combinations from the locators class and the resources class. Utilizing the three abstract classes to define all digital annotations provides an object model that is concrete, but flexible.\nAs described in more detail below (FIG. 1B), the annotation class 101 which defines the digital annotation itself, includes information about the annotation, anchor resources for the annotation and cargo resources for the annotation. Anchor resources represent what the annotation is anchored on and cargo resources represent the content of the annotation. The resources are defined by the resource objects 105. Instances of resource objects include resource: locators 105A and a resource: contents 105B. The resource: locators 105A represents the characterization of the annotated content with which the annotation is associated, and possibly the “annotated content”. The resource: contents 105B represents the “annotation content.” Annotation content, as used herein, is content that defines the digital annotation, such as the text of a textual comment, the digital ink strokes of a hand drawn underline, the audio data from a spoken comment, etc. Annotated content, as used herein, is content from a document that has been annotated or is associated with a digital annotation. For example, consider a digital text bubble annotation that is anchored to the last name of a person in a human resources application. The resource: locators 105A contains a reference to the last name for the given employee, and the resource: contents 105B may contain the text of the text bubble annotation (annotation content).\nWhen a resource refers to a location, it is expressed with a locator 107A, which will be described in greater detail below. When a resource contains content directly, it is expressed by the content itself 109. When resources provide both reference and content, the digital annotation is expressed using both a locator 107A and content 109. Utilizing resources that contain both a locator 107A and the content 109 may be beneficial when a user wants to keep a reference to a document as well as a particular portion of the document itself. For example, it may be beneficial for clipping annotations to keep a reference to the clipping source (the original document) as well as a copy of the content of the clipping.\nAdditionally, an annotation object may include multiple references to a document, multiple references to multiple documents, and contain multiple contents as literal representations of the information that is referenced. In such embodiments, the annotation object model graph 100 may include any number and combination of resource: locators, resource: contents, locators, and content. For example, the locator 107A of the resource: locators 105A for a digital sticky note annotation may identify the location of the anchor of the sticky note; the locator 107A for a digital highlight annotation may express where the highlight is, etc. A resource containing a locator can also be used for content. This supports two scenarios. One, using preexisting data as the annotation content, e.g., an image attached to a paragraph, and two, leveraging native storage for well-known media types, e.g., an audio note as annotation content becomes an audio item instead of being literally represented in a digital annotation.\nFIG. 1B illustrates the annotation class 101 of the annotation object model graph 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Structurally the annotation class 101 typically includes a unique digital annotation identification (“unique ID”) 121A, a digital annotation type 121B, the digital annotation authors 121C identifying who created and/or changed the digital annotation, a creation date and time 121D, a modification date and time 121E, a reference to a collection of resources for anchors 121F of a digital annotation, a reference to a collection of resources for content 121G of the digital annotation, and relationships 121H.\nRelationships 121H express how anchors and content relate to one another. A relationship 121H may structurally include directionality (unidirectional or bidirectional), a name of the relationship, a source, and a destination. For example, a relationship 121H may identify a digital hyperlink annotation in a document that refers to some other document. Such a link is identified by directionality. Relationships 121H may also identify directionality between anchors and the annotated content. For example, an ink scribble might indicate arrows from the annotated content to a margin bar and from a margin bar to other annotated content.\nReferring to FIG. 1C, resources of the resource class may be used to represent either anchors or cargo of an annotation. For example, an instance of a resource may identify the location of an annotation's anchor (resource: locator) and another instance of a resource may identify the content type of the annotation (resource: content). Structurally, objects of the resource class, such as resource: locators 105A, may include a locator 107A. Alternatively, objects of the resource class may include content 109. A locator 107A, as defined by the locator class, describes the location or the identification of a particular item of information. Each locator 107A may contain zero or more locator parts, such as locator part 107B. Any number of locator parts may be contained within a locator 107A. Each locator may include one or more representations. Each representation may be considered as referring to the same item. For example, each representation may refer to the annotated content with which the annotation is associated. However, each representation may express an alternative way of referring to this annotated content.\nLocator parts may represent, but are not limited to: an identification of a digital annotation 111A, a marker 111B, a character offset 111C, a fingerprint 111D, a robust anchor 111E, and a range 111F. An identification 111A provides a unique identification for the locator 107A. A marker 111B provides an embedded unique identification for the locator 107A. A character offset 111C identifies the distance of the digital annotation from a particular location, such as the beginning of the document. Fingerprints 111D contain a unique hash-code for information associated with a digital annotation to identify the information. A robust anchor 111E determines anchoring by best statistical fit location based on key words and information saved with an anchor of the annotation. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that additional or alternative locator parts may be included in the locator 107A.\nEach locator part 107B is compared against data that is determined by evaluating the locator parts that precede it in the locator 107A. For example, a group of locator parts that make up a locator 107A may identify a location within a document where an annotation belongs. For instance, the locator \\\\ABCD\\public\\misc.doc#3rdParagraph indicates that an annotation is associated with the third paragraph of the document misc.doc located in the \\public directory on the \\\\ABCD server. \\\\ABCD, \\public, misc.doc, and 3rdParagraph are each locator parts that make up the locator \\\\ABCD public\\misc.doc#3rdParagraph.\nIn one embodiment, the data itself for each locator part 107B may be expressed in Extensible Markup Language (“XML”) that conforms to a given type of an XML Schema Definition (“XSD schema”). In such an example, the locator part 107B structurally contains an XML Schema Identifier (“XSI type name”), identifying the XML schema type the data adheres to, a name space identifying the name space for the schema type, and data in XML representing the locator part. The use of XML and associated schemas is only an exemplary description, and any other language or schema type may be utilized with embodiments of the present invention. For example, the data for a locator part 107B may be represented in SGML.\nWith continued reference to FIG. 1C, structurally, the resource: contents 105B may contain content 109 that represents annotation content. In one embodiment, annotation content contained within the content 109 may conform to a given type of an XSD schema. In such an example, the content 109 structurally contains an XSI type name, identifying the XML schema type the data adheres to, and a name space Uniform Resource Identifier (“URI”), and the data itself in XML representing the annotation content. Examples of annotation content include, but are not limited to, text, images, ink, audio, Extensible Hyper-text Markup Language (“XHTML”), Transaction Authority Markup Language (“XAML”), video, spreadsheets, documents, etc.\nFIG. 2A illustrates a computing device-i 200 which may be used for processing digital annotations on a document, such as a margin-bar 205, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The computing device-1 200 may be embodied as any one of a variety of computing devices that may be utilized for processing digital annotations. Examples of the computing device-1 200 include, but are not limited to, personal computing devices, handheld computing devices, server-based computing devices, personal digital assistants, mobile telephones, stand-alone memory devices, electronic devices having some type of memory, whether external or internal, removable or permanent, and the like.\nIn one embodiment of the present invention, the computing device-1 200 includes a storage device 213, a display 201, and one or more input devices 209. Also included in the computing device-1 200 is an operating system 215. Any type of operating system may be used with embodiments of the present invention. The operating system 215 of the computing device-1 200 may be used to control and execute digital annotation software 217 for performing different aspects of the present invention. In an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the digital annotation software 217 may be a stand-alone software product. Alternatively, the digital annotation software 217 may be a software component integrated into other software products.\nWith continuing reference to FIG. 2A, a user (not shown) may view a document 203 on the display 201. Using an input device 209, such as a mouse pointer, a user can create a digital annotation 205 on the document 203. The digital annotation 205 is anchored to information within the document 203 that is proximate to the digital annotation 205. That information becomes annotated content 207. In an embodiment of a single computing device, such as computing device-1 200, the digital annotation 205 and the annotated content 207 to which it is anchored are represented as an annotation object, according to the annotation object model graph 100, and stored in an annotation store 211 contained on a storage device 213. In an alternative embodiment, the digital annotation 205 and a reference to the annotated content 207 is represented as an annotation object, according to the annotation object model graph 100, and stored in the annotation store 211. Storing an annotation object representative of the digital annotation 205 and the annotated content 207, or a reference to the annotated content 207, provides the user with the ability to perform several different functions with respect to the digital annotation 205 and the annotated content 207.\nFor example, after creation of the digital annotation 205, a user, at a later time, can view the document 203 and the digital annotation 205 would be represented on that document at the location it was originally created. Additionally, a user wanting to find the digital annotation 205 can perform a query on the annotation store 211 and the resulting digital annotation 205 and the associated annotated content 207 will be returned to the user either within the document 203 or independent of the document 203. Still further, a user can modify the digital annotation 205. For example, a user can expand the size of the digital annotation 205, thereby increasing the amount of annotated content 207. A user can delete the digital annotation 205, thereby removing the annotation object representative of the digital annotation 205 and the annotated content 207 from the annotation store 211 which resides on the storage device 213. Still further, a user can associate the digital annotation 205 with yet another portion of the document 203. For example, the user can anchor the digital annotation 205 to a second set of information within the document 203 such as text 219. The second set of information within the document 203 also becomes annotated content. Providing multiple anchors for a digital annotation increases the flexibility with which a document may be annotated.\nFIG. 2B illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2A, the system illustrated in FIG. 2B includes a network of several computing devices 220, 230, 240. Computing devices 220 and 240 may be similar to computing device-1 200 (FIG. 2A) and include displays 221, 241, as well as input devices (not shown), an operating system (not shown), and possibly a storage device (also not shown). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2B, the computing device-2 220 is connected to a network 250, such as the Internet or a private network, which may also be connected to any number of additional computing devices, such as computing device-3 240. Additionally, the computing device-2 220 may also be networked with a database 230 which may include an annotation store 231, similar to the annotation store 211 illustrated in FIG. 2A. Locating the annotation store 231 on the database 230 which is networked with multiple computing devices 220, 240 through the network 250 provides the ability for any of the multiple computing devices to search for and access digital annotations created at any of the computing devices, such as computing device-2 220 and/or computing device-3 240.\nIn an alternative embodiment, the computing devices 220, 240 may be integrated to share storage devices residing on those computing devices, thereby providing the ability for one computing device, such as computing device-2 220, to search the storage device of a second computing device, such as computing device-3 240, for existing annotation objects located on one of those computing devices.\nWith continuing reference to FIG. 2B, a user may create a digital annotation 225 which is anchored to information of a document 223. That information becomes annotated content 227. The digital annotation 225 and the associated annotated content 227 are defined by an annotation object, according to the annotation object model graph 100, and may be transferred from computing device-2 220 through the network 250 and stored in the annotation store 231 on the database 230. In such an embodiment, the digital annotation 225 may be generated and the associated annotation object which is stored on the annotation store 231 is created using techniques similar to those described with respect to FIG. 2A, and as described in further detail below.\nIn a networked embodiment, a user at a separate computing device, such as computing device-3 240, may query the annotation store 231, via the network 250, for an annotation object. For example, a user at computing device-3 240 may query the annotation store 231 for all annotation objects representative of digital annotations that are in the form of a margin bar within a document. The results of that query would return a digital annotation 245 with annotated content 247 which is representative of the digital annotation 225 created on computing device-2 220 and the annotated content 227 associated with that digital annotation 225. The digital annotation 245 and the associated annotated content 247 may be provided to a user at computing device-3 240 regardless of whether that user has a copy of the original document 223 on which the original digital annotation 225 was created. Additionally, the user at computing device-2 220 may query the annotation store 231 via the network 250 for any existing annotation objects representative of a digital annotation, and be provided with the option of viewing the digital annotation within the original document or alternatively, view the digital annotation and the associated annotated content independent of the document.\nIn yet another embodiment, a combination of the embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B may be realized. In particular, digital annotations created on one computing device, such as computing device-1 200 (FIG. 2A) and/or computing device-2 220 (FIG. 2B), may have the representative annotation object according to the annotation object model graph 100 stored on a local storage device, such as storage device 213, and also stored in a network based annotation store 231 residing on a database 230. Regardless of where the annotation object representing a digital annotation, such as digital annotation 205, is stored, as described above, the annotation object model graph itself, and resulting instances of annotation objects, remain concrete, but flexible.\nFIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an instance of annotation object 301, as part of the annotation object graph 300, for a digital annotation having only one anchor. For example, a digital annotation having only one anchor may be, but is not limited to, a bookmark, which is a pointer to some location within a document. A user typically creates bookmarks to assist in navigation within a larger document. Even though an annotation object 300 for a digital bookmark annotation in its simplest form only contains one anchor, thereby necessitating only one resource: locators 305A, the locator 307A of the annotation object 300 typically includes more than one locator part, since the bookmark is pointing into a document. For example, the locator 307A may include two locator parts, locator part-1 311A and locator part-2 311B. In particular, locator part-1 311A identifies a document to which the digital bookmark annotation is associated, while locator part-2 311B identifies the particular location within the document where the digital bookmark annotation is anchored. For example, if the document is named document1.doc and the annotation is in the fourth paragraph, locator part-1 311A is document1.doc and locator part-2 311B is 4thParagraph.\nIn addition to the annotation object 300 containing one anchor which refers to resource 305A with locator 307A, the cargo of the annotation object 300 refers to a collection of resources that describe the content of the digital annotation itself, in this example, a bookmark. In particular, the cargo of the annotation object 300 references the resource: content 305B which includes the content 309 of the annotation. In an alternative embodiment, for structured annotations such as bookmarks, the annotation object may not include the content of the annotation type but instead refer to the type of annotation. Additionally, the annotation object 301 typically includes the author that created the digital annotation, the date and time it was created, and a date and time if it was modified.\nFIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an instance of annotation object 401, as part of the annotation object graph 400, representing a digital annotation that has two anchors, such as a digital hyperlink annotation. In the example of a digital hyperlink annotation, the two anchors are a source and a destination of the hyperlink. In order to adequately define digital annotations having two anchors, each anchor of the annotation object refers to a collection of resources. In particular, the instance of the source anchor refers to the resource: locators 405A and the instance of the destination anchor refers to the resource: locators 405B. The resource: locators 405A, for the hyperlink example, is defined by a locator 407A, that is typically positioned within some subpart of a document. Thus, there are at least two locator parts, locator part-1 411A, and locator part-2 411B. Locator part-1 411A identifies the document in which the source anchor of the digital annotation was created and locator part-2 411B identifies the particular location of the source anchor within that document.\nThe destination anchor, represented by locator 407B, may also have one or more locator parts. The number of locator parts identifying a destination anchor is dependent upon whether the destination is identified as a whole or as a part. For example, the destination anchor of the digital annotation may be to another document itself, identified as a whole, thereby only needing one locator part 411C to identify the destination document. If the destination anchor is to a particular location within the same document as the source anchor, it may be sufficiently identified with one locator part defining the particular location of the destination anchor within the original document. Alternatively, if the destination is a particular location within another document, the locator 407B may include at least two locator parts for the destination anchor, one locator part 411C identifying the destination document and the second locator part 411D identifying the particular location of the destination anchor within the destination document.\nIn addition to the annotation object 401 including references to a collection of resources for the anchors, a copy of the annotated content from those locations may also be included in the annotation object 401. For example, if the annotated content is to be included in the annotation object 401, the source anchor would also be represented by resource: contents 405C that includes the annotated content 409.\nThe annotation object 401 also describes the structure of the digital annotation. The annotation object 401 identifies the author of the digital annotation, the date and time it was created, and the date and time if it was modified.\nFIG. 5 is yet another example of an instance of an annotation object 501, as part of the annotation object model 500, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the annotation object 501 represents a digital annotation containing one anchor and simple annotation cargo. Digital annotations of this type include, but are not limited to, a margin bar, highlight, underline, bookmark, or symbol. For these types of digital annotations, there are generally some visual properties of the digital annotation that need to be included as annotation cargo in the content 509 of the annotation object 501. For example, included as annotation cargo in the content 509 of an annotation object 501 representative of a margin bar, is the width and color of the margin bar.\nFor digital annotations having one anchor and simple annotation cargo, the annotation object 501 includes resource: locators 505A for the anchor and resource: contents 505B for the cargo of the anchor. The resource: contents 505B may include the actual annotation content 509 of the digital annotation. For example, the annotation content 509 for the margin bar includes, but is not limited to, the color of the margin bar and the width of the margin bar. The resource: locators 505A includes a locator 507A with locator parts defining the digital annotation and its anchor position. Again, referring to the example of a digital margin bar annotation, the locator 507A may contain two locator parts, locator part-1 511A and locator part-2 511B. Locator part-1 511A identifies the document in which the digital annotation is contained and locator part-2 511B identifies the location of the digital annotation within the document. The annotation object 501 may also include a copy of the annotated content at the identified location of the digital annotation.\nFIG. 5 is also illustrative of an annotation object 501, according to the annotation object graph 500, representative of digital annotations containing one anchor and complex annotation cargo. Such digital annotations include, but are not limited to, sticky notes, text comments, and footnotes. A sticky note is similar to the physical sticky notes that can be attached to a particular object. However, unlike physical sticky notes, electronic sticky notes can include different kinds of annotation cargo, such as rich text, ink, audio, images, video, etc.\nIn contrast to simple digital annotations, like margin bars and highlights, the annotation content type for digital annotations such as sticky notes is much more complex and thus, the final user experience with the digital annotation is more complex. From a representation point of view, all that changes within the annotation object 501 is the annotation content 509.\nAlso included in the annotation object 501 are resources 505A, 505B, and a locator 507A. Still referring to the example of a digital sticky note annotation, the resource: locators 505A for the anchor includes a locator 507A having numerous locator parts 511A, 511B. In particular, locator part-1 511A identifies a document in which the digital annotation was created and locator part-2 511B identifies the particular location within that document where the sticky note is to be displayed, i.e., its anchor location. The resource: contents 505B contains the annotation cargo 509 of the sticky note, such as text within the digital sticky note annotation. The annotation object 501 for a sticky note also identifies authors, the date and time it was created, a date and time if the digital annotation was modified, a reference to the content, and a reference to the resource.\nFIG. 6 illustrates block diagram of an instance of an annotation object, as part of the annotation object graph, representative of digital annotations containing two or more anchors and annotation cargo. Examples of such digital annotations include, but are not limited to, annotation relationships and annotated grouping. For such digital annotations, a user might select a number of files as a group and add a comment to that group. Alternatively, a user might underline two sections in one document and connect both sections with one digital margin note annotation. Both cases may be represented by using two or more anchors and annotation cargo. The two anchors might reference resources that identify sections of the same document or identify sections of different documents.\nThe annotation object 601, according to the annotation object graph 600, includes a an instance of the first anchor that references a collection of resources. In particular, the source anchor references the resource: locators-A 605A and the destination anchor references the resource: locators-B 605B. The anchors may be in the same document or in different documents. Each resource 605A, 605B includes locators 607A and 607B, respectively, each having numerous locator parts identifying the document and the location within the document at which the anchor resides. In particular, locator-A 607A may include locator part-1 611A, identifying the document in which the digital annotation was created, and locator part-2 611B, identifying where in the document the first anchor of the digital annotation is positioned. Likewise, locator-B 607B includes two locator parts, locator part-3 611C, identifying the document (either the same document or a different document), and a locator part-4 611D identifying the position of the second anchor of the digital annotation within the document.\nThe cargo of the annotation object references the resource: contents 605C of the resources class, which contains the annotation content 609 of the digital annotation. For example, if the digital annotation was a highlight connecting two sections, the annotation content 609 may include the color and shape of the digital annotation. Additionally, the annotation object 601 defines the digital annotation itself. Such information includes, but is not limited to, an identification of the author of the digital annotation, the date and time the digital annotation was created, and a date and time if the digital annotation was modified. As with the other examples, the annotation object 601 may also contain a copy of the annotated content from the document(s).\nIn an alternative embodiment, if the digital annotation only points to a section of a first document and to a second document as a whole, locator-B 607B may only include one locator part. That locator part would include a reference to the second document.\nFor each annotation object graph, such as the examples described above, typically one locator within a resource will describe a reference to data. However, there are some cases where multiple locators for one item of data may be useful, since the data can be retrieved in multiple ways. For example, the same document may be identified in many different ways (a url, a file path, or an id for the document in a database, etc.). Likewise, you can identify a position within a document multiple different ways... character offset, robust anchor, paragraph hash, etc. Additionally, annotation content may also be represented in multiple formats. For example, a handwritten margin note has an ink representation, but it may also have a translated text representation and an image representation. In such an example, each type of representation may be contained within one or more resource: content.\nFIGS. 7-9 illustrate different routines that may be implemented according to embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the routines may be implemented on a single computing device or distributed to a number of computing devices. FIGS. 7-9 illustrate blocks for performing specific functions. In alternative embodiments, more or fewer blocks may be used. In an embodiment of the present invention, a block may represent a software program, a software object, a software function, a software subroutine, a software method, a software instance, a code fragment, a hardware operation, or a user operation, singly or in combination.\nFIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrative of annotation object creation routine 700 implemented by a computing device, such as computing device-1 200 (FIG. 2A), or computing devices 220 and/or 240 (FIG. 2B), in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. The routine begins at block 701 and at block 703, a creation of a digital annotation is received. In an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the digital annotation creation may be received from any input device that interfaces with a computing device, such as computing device-1 200. For example, an input device may be a mouse, keyboard, digital pen, etc., which is used to interact with a document that is displayed on a display of the computing device. At block 705, a determination is made as to the category type of the digital annotation that is being created. In one example, there are four categories of digital annotations: embellishments, attachments, relationships, and actions. Each of the four categories contains a number of predefined digital annotation types.\nReferring to FIG. 8, a digital annotation category determination subroutine 800, corresponding to block 705 (FIG. 7), implemented according to an aspect of the present invention, is described in further detail. The subroutine begins at block 801 and at block 803 the internal structure of a digital annotation is identified. The internal structure of a digital annotation may include multiple items. For example, the internal structure may identify how many anchors exist, whether annotation content exists, whether annotated content exists, etc. Upon determination of the internal structure of a digital annotation at block 803, at block 805, a category for the digital annotation is selected based on the identified internal structure. At block 807, the digital annotation category routine completes, returning control to the annotation object creation routine 700 (FIG. 7).\nAfter a category has been determined, at block 707, a type within that identified category is determined for the digital annotation. The digital annotation type implies a certain, well-defined, annotation content for the cargo of the annotation object. As described above, annotation content referenced by the cargo of an annotation object may be either referenced by a resource referring to the annotation cargo, and/or actually contained in the content of the annotation object. Additionally, as described above, the anchor of the digital annotation may reference a resource that includes the annotated content from the document that is associated with the digital annotation.\nFor example, for a digital ink underlined annotation, the annotation type is “underlined.” The anchor of the digital annotation object may refer to a resource: locator for the digital annotation identifying which piece of the source document is underlined, and refer to a resource: content that includes the actual information of the document that is underlined (annotated content). The cargo of the annotation object may reference a resource: content for the annotation content, such as an ink content object. The ink content object (annotation content) contains information as to what color the underline is and how thick it is drawn (as part of the ink object description), and the binary ink itself. An annotation object for an underline that was not done in ink may contain only an underline content object (annotation content) in the content. Such an annotation content contains information on color and thickness of the underline.\nFor a margin note that refers to an audio stream, the annotation type is “margin note.” The representative annotation object contains two resources. One resource, a resource: locator, identifies a reference to the audio content, and the other resource, content, defines the annotation content of the digital margin note annotation. The annotation object for the margin note contains information as to the default offset in the margin relative to the anchor position, the background color used for the margin note, a collapsed or expanded state, an identification of a collapsed icon if used, etc.\nThe categories that may be determined in block 705 each contain numerous types, that are determined for the digital annotation in block 707. In particular, for the embellishment category, the different types of digital annotations include, but are not limited to, highlight, bracket, margin bar, underline, grouping, bookmark, and symbol. As described above, for a highlight the annotation content includes, but is not limited to, a color and a thickness of the highlight. For a margin bar, the annotation content includes, but is not limited to, color, width, and the horizontal offset from the margin of the document. With underline, the annotation content includes, but is not limited to, the color and the width of the underline. For grouping, which indicates grouping of content from a document pointed to by an anchor (e.g., a circle around some words) the annotation content includes, but is not limited to, color, width, and kind. The kind may be the kind of grouping, such as a lasso or circle. For a bookmark, the annotation content includes, but is not limited to, the size of the bookmark, the horizontal offset from the margin, and location (e.g., top, bottom, left, right).\nFor the attachment category, the types of digital annotations include, but are not limited to, margin note, sticky note, footnote, and endnote. Additionally, each digital annotation may include an anchor type containing one or more pieces of associated annotation content. Each of the pieces of annotation content is referenced by the annotation object cargo and identified by an annotation content type. Examples of annotation content types include, but are not limited to, text, ink, audio, image, XAML, and documents. Annotation content types such as text, ink, audio, and image are defined by their properties so that they may be used as literal content. Alternatively, if they are referenced using a locator, their type is stated as part of the locator.\nFor a margin note, the associated annotation content may include a background color, collapsed or expanded, offset in margin, width, and height. For a sticky note, the annotation content may include a background color, collapsed or expanded, offset from anchor, width, and height. For a footnote, the annotation content may include background color, and an anchor indicator. For an endnote, the annotation content may include background color, and an anchor indicator.\nIn the relationships category, the types of digital annotations include, but are not limited to, links and connectors. A link points from one digital annotation to others (potentially vice versa) and may let the user navigate to other digital annotations. A connector indicates that two digital annotations are related. For example, a line from a digital annotation to a note may be a connector. If a connector is drawn in ink, the ink is added as annotation content in a representative annotation object.\nOnce the annotation type has been determined, at block 709, the position of the digital annotation is identified and an anchor for the digital annotation is created. As described above, an anchor for a digital annotation is defined by resource: locators that includes a locator with one or more locator parts, and stored in the annotation object. In addition to identifying the position of the anchor, at block 709 the cargo for the anchor is generated and stored. As described above, the cargo for the anchor references resources that include the content of the annotation itself. At decision block 711, a determination is made as to whether there is annotated content from the annotated document that is to be included in the annotation object. Annotated content may be the text surrounding the digital annotation or other types of information, as described above. If there is no annotated content to be included, at decision block 715, a determination is made as to whether there are additional locations for which anchors need to be defined for the digital annotation. If it is determined at decision block 715 that there are additional anchors to be defined, the routine returns to block 709 and repeats.\nReferring back to decision block 711, if it is determined that there is annotated content that is to be included in the annotation object, at block 713, the annotated content is obtained and included as a resource object of the anchor. In particular, the resources of the anchor will include a resource: content that includes the annotated content. After the annotated content is obtained, at decision block 715, the determination discussed above is made as to whether there are additional anchors to be defined. If there are no additional anchors to be defined, at block 717 an instance of an annotation object, according to the annotation object graph, representative of the digital annotation created by the user is generated and stored. After the annotation object is generated and stored, the routine completes, as illustrated by block 719.\nFIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrative of a digital annotation query routine 900 which may be performed by a computing device on an annotation store containing annotation object(s), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.\nAt block 901, the digital annotation query routine 900 begins and at block 903, query parameters from a user are obtained. Query parameters may include any type of typical search parameters, such as a keyword search or other type of content search. Additionally, the query parameters may be based upon a digital annotation type search, such as searching for digital annotations which are underlines, highlights, margin bars, an annotation category search, etc.\nAt block 905, the type of query to be performed is determined. For example, a query type may be a request to only return one matching digital annotation. Alternatively, it may be requested to return all matching digital annotations. After the query parameters are obtained at block 903 and the query type is determined at block 905, the annotation store is queried for annotation objects matching the query parameters.\nAt decision block 909 a determination is made as to whether the query type identified at block 905 was a single digital annotation query. If the query type was not a single digital annotation query, at decision block 917, a subsequent determination is made as to the number of matching annotation objects resulting from the query performed at block 907. If there are no matching query results to the query performed by digital annotation query routine 900, at block 921, the query routine returns an empty list and completes at block 923. Alternatively, if there is at least one match to the query parameters, at block 919, a list of all matches is returned and presented to the user.\nReferring back to decision block 909, if it is determined that the query type requested was to return only one match, at decision block 911 it is determined whether there is at least one match returned from the query of annotation objects performed at block 907. If there is no match returned by the query, at block 915 a “no result” is presented to the user through a display and the routine completes at block 923. However, if there is at least one match, at block 913, the match is returned and displayed to the user. If only one match was requested and multiple matches were returned, the system selects only one of those matches to be returned and presents that match to the user. Selection of one match may be accomplished through any variety of selection techniques. For example, selection may be accomplished by selecting the first annotation object identified by the query and returning the corresponding digital annotation. After providing the appropriate response to a user, the digital annotation query routine 900 completes at block 923.\nIt will be appreciated that the embodiments described above in FIGS. 3-9 may be embodied on either a stand-alone computing device as illustrated in FIG. 1A, or in a networked environment as described in FIG. 2B, or in any other computing device configuration.\nstoring a second resource representative of a content associated with the digital annotation if it is determined that there is content associated with the digital annotation.\ndetermining a category representative of the digital annotation.\n3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a category is dependent upon an internal structure of the digital annotation.\n4. The method of claim 2, wherein the determined category is selected from a group of categories including an embellishment, attachment, relationship, and action.\ndetermining a type within the determined category for the digital annotation.\n6. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital annotation includes a plurality of anchors.\n7. The method of claim 6, wherein a first anchor is within a first item of electronic data and a second anchor is within a second item of electronic data.\n8. The method of claim 6, wherein the digital annotation is a hyperlink including a source anchor and a destination anchor.\n9. The method of claim 8, wherein the source anchor identifies a first location within a first item of electronic data and the destination anchor identifies a second item of electronic data.\n10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one locator part is representative of a portion of the digital annotation.\n11. The method of claim 1, wherein the content is annotation content associated with the digital annotation.\n12. The method of claim 1, wherein the content is annotated content.\n13. The method of claim 1, further including the limitation of storing a relationship defining a style of the digital annotation.\n14. The method of claim 13, wherein the style of the digital annotation identifies a directionality of the digital annotation.\n15. The method of claim 1, wherein the content includes a plurality of annotation content.\na locators class including at least one locator part, wherein each locator part is representative of a portion of the digital annotation.\n17. The annotation object model of claim 16, wherein the resource class includes annotation content associated with the digital annotation.\n18. The annotation object model of claim 16, wherein the resource class includes a reference to annotation content associated with the digital annotation.\na second collection of resources, wherein the second collection of resources includes both annotated content associated with the digital annotation, and a reference to annotated content associated with the digital annotation.\n20. The annotation object model of claim 16, wherein the digital annotation is selected from a group of digital annotations consisting of: a sticky note, a text comment, a snippet, inking, a margin bar, a highlight, a symbol, an underline, a bookmark, and a hyperlink.\n21. The annotation object model of claim 16, wherein an annotation object according to the annotation object model is stored in an annotation store.\n22. The annotation object model of claim 21, wherein the annotation store includes a plurality of annotation objects.\n23. The annotation object model of claim 21, wherein the digital annotation is created on a computing device and wherein the annotation store is located on the same computing device.\n24. The annotation object model of claim 21, wherein the digital annotation is created on a first computing device and the annotation store is located on a second computing device.\n25. The annotation object model of claim 24, wherein an annotation object according to the annotation object model is generated on the first computing device and stored on the second computing device.\n26. The annotation object model of claim 16, wherein the annotation object is stored separate from an item of electronic data that is being annotated.\nreturning a digital annotation associated with an annotation object that matches the query parameters.\n28. The method of claim 27, wherein the query parameter is a keyword.\n29. The method of claim 27, wherein the query parameter is a content search parameter, identifying a particular content to query for.\n30. The method of claim 27, wherein the query parameter is an annotation type.\n31. The method of claim 27, wherein the query type is a request identifying how the query results are to be returned.\n32. The method of claim 27, wherein the query type identifies that only one matching digital annotation is to be returned.\n33. The method of claim 27, wherein the query type identifies that all matching digital annotations are to be returned.\n34. The method of claim 27, wherein querying an annotation store includes querying an annotation store for annotation objects.\n\nIf a query returns multiple matching digital annotations but the query type specified to only return one result, what method could be used to select which annotation is returned?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "11e16a86ee0149f284eebdeca2b2d2be", "conversation_index": 808723, "turn_index": 4, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 981, "prompt": "### 지침: \n아래 정보에서 질문에 간단하게 마크다운 테이블로 답변한다. \n만약 답을 할 수 없으면 모르겠음이라고 답한다.\n\n### 정보:\n달콤한 국내산 꿀수박    그대로  탱거리열 대표브랜드 믿니다] 멈들거리를 고민혈 필요없이  통해 믿고 드시면 됩니다 \n  제배환  수분 가득 달콤한 국내산  국내산꿀수박  동부가애정과 신선하고건강한 점성을다해 │기원 노력에  문리망에서 자란 동산물 입니다. 동산물 입니다. 건강함 동산물입니다. 수분가득 국내산  시원하고    │재배한   몸이오고        과일 팽산지  동가에 플하되는상품염증용량  [정성을 다해비운 멈짐 편별하여 고객담께   동산물 입니다! \n  수분공급 국내산 꿀수박 미텔제(판관하세요) 주박원 수분이 많아 그당 먹어도 시원하지만 더 시원하게 먹으려면 병장 보관   니다 남원 수박은 밀폐용 기에 담아 보관하고 자른 수박원 밑에 접시 등으로 받치고 담아아 아래 수박이 무르지 않습니다. 여름과일의 대명사 시원스러운 색깔에 달고 시원한 맛과  가득해 칼증을불어 주에 더위를 가시게 하는 데는최고의 과일 품새산수분가득결정셀룰로오 \n  입에서 퍼지는 시원한 단맛 매정을 담아 동부가길러번  산지생산 그대로 [철저한 [선별을 통해 플은상품으로 보내드립니다. 다양한음식 이렇게 드셔보세요 다양하게   \n  미월게 보내드려요   날씨 상황에 따라 포장 방식은 변경 딜쉬 있습니다. \n제품명 국내산 달콤한 꿀 수박 무게 4-5kg 내외 원재료명 및 함량 수박 100% 원산지 국내산 보관방법 냉장보관 (수형 후  섭취를 권장합니다)  제조원 부산광역시 반여동 고객센터 02-2138 5193 010-  -2470 소비기한은 신선식품으로 보관방법에 따라 상  수형 후 안내 방법에 따라 보관하시며  빠른 섭취를 권장합니다. 안내사항 지금 주문하면 언제 올까요? 모전 p시이전 [결제건에  담일배출이 진행됩니다.   배출  상품  등에 돼어도 풀고되었을 수도 있습니다.   [판매처 및  문의하셔제 땀인    줄고완료된 [주문건원   교환반품 신선식품번정성지방성2087 떨어질  있으니 [재판매가 물가합니다.  의해  물가합니다 [바코기/잎양·기밀로   배송비는 고객는 부담 [입니다. 상품에 문제개 있을 경우 임의로 [상품을 따손 폐기처분한 [경우 교환/반품] 반품염   배송정보 모기재로  배출 및 반품의 경외 교환과  불가능하여반응시원명 배송비늘 고객는  판매자의 협의없이 반품/교환된 물가능하며 모든비용은 고객는 부담입니다 교환 및  진정  먼제  탁인을    함인  교환,반품  진행하고 있습니다. 품명하신(로로부티그팔미모  면락을    [하자가]   사진을 찍에 보내주세요 [전체 [상품사진 [성상불량  보내주셔야 교환,반품,판놀, 가능합니다 고객센터 고객센터 D2-2138-5193 ID10-3788 1247C 【주및 [공통일  광담시간? 팽 DOSODC  【첨심시간  상품증상 분1밀~2일이내 연락 남겨주시기바랍니다   문의 남겨주시면 [바른 답변이  염업  시간 통화가 머려우니 문자남겨주시면 믹일 면락드립니다.\n\n### 질문:\n꿀수박의 보관 방법은?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "f736ba93e1094ca59b0dcaf57056e8a9", "conversation_index": 945920, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1318, "prompt": "Bir at yarışı istatistikçisi olarak, aşağıdaki atlarla ilgili gecmis verileri analiz ederek gelcecegi tahmine detaylı bir analiz yaparak, her bir atın kazanma yüzdesini  tahmin edin ve NAME_1 simülasyonu kullanarak en uygun bahis stratejisini belirleyin. Lay the field, Dutching ve Double or Bust stratejileri arasında hangisinin bu atlar ve sonuçlar için en uygun olduğunu belirtin.\n\nGecmis veriler bu şekildedir:\n(\nbet id\tdate\tregion\tcourse\trace time\tdist\ttype\tgoing\tclass\tran\tHorse\tBP\tForm L5\tWgt\tJRat\tTRat\tDLW\tDLR\tEST\tRat GF\todds\tresult\thorse finish  time \n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tFORCA BRASIL\t3\tx490x\t62\t4.5\t4.4\t751\t299\t26.5\t36.5\t3.5\tlose\t01:12.8\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tEPIC EXPRESS\t1\t28x47\t62\t3.6\t3\t224\t21\t32\t31.5\t4.5\tlose\t01:12.4\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tALMODOVAR DEL RIO\t6\t5x4x3\t60.5\t2\t2.4\t303\t29\t32\t33\t6.5\tlose\t01:12.3\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tARAIFJAN\t4\t54583\t60.5\t2\t2.9\t154\t14\t30.5\t38.5\t9\tlose\t01:11.8\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tANIFICAS BEAUTY\t2\t070x1\t59\t2.5\t3.6\t21\t21\t31.5\t32\t6\twin\t01:11.6\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tCOMPANY MINX\t5\t868x1\t55.5\t3.3\t3.2\t29\t29\t29\t45\t5.5\tlose\t01:15.0\n1\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:15\t6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 6\t7\tJUMIRA BRIDGE\t7\t64171\t55.5\t1.6\t2.6\t2\t2\t25\t53\t41\tlose\t01:12.1\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tDANIEL DERONDA\t6\t23757\t62\t1.7\t3.2\t645\t27\t23\t36\t9\tlose\t03:03.7\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tMELAKAZ\t4\t1x25x\t61\t2.6\t1.9\t446\t218\t22\t30.5\t6\twin\t03:02.2\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tCEDAR CAGE\t3\t31421\t61\t2.9\t3.1\t14\t14\t35\t0\t4.5\tlose\t03:03.6\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tBEGGARMAN\t5\t3460x\t61\t3\t3.8\t355\t231\t22.5\t28\t7\tlose\t03:04.0\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tMASTER GREY\t7\t11451\t60\t4.4\t4\t26\t26\t42\t33\t9.5\tlose\t03:03.2\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tWHAT WILL BE\t1\t8613\t58\t4.7\t4.1\t33\t21\t34\t29.5\t4.5\tlose\t03:03.5\n2\t04/05/2023\tNAME_2 (AW)\t06:45\t1m6f\tFlat\tStandard\tClass 5\t7\tSMOKEY NAME_3\t2\tx6821\t57.5\t2.8\t3.3\t20\t20\t34.5\t32.5\t6\tlose\t03:03.3\n3\t04/05/2023\tGB\tAyr\t04:10\t1m2f\tFlat\tGood To Firm\tClass 6\t\tKALAHARI PRINCE\t6\t10x80\t62\t2.3\t3.8\t215\t7\t16\t30.5\t7.5\tlose\t02:10.2\n3\t04/05/2023\tGB\tAyr\t04:10\t1m2f\tFlat\tGood To Firm\tClass 6\t\tBERRY EDGE\t4\t3238x\t61.5\t"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ead2a35bfd71405ab43d69664ac0db3c", "conversation_index": 728412, "turn_index": 36, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 929, "prompt": "analise a tabela a baixo e gere a próxima sequencia de números com base nos resultados anteriores que caíram na segunda -feira \nConcurso;Data;Dia;bola 1;bola 2;bola 3;bola 4;bola 5;bola 6;bola 7;bola 8;bola 9;bola 10;bola 11;bola 12;bola 13;bola 14;bola 15\n2783;08/04/2023;Sábado;2;4;7;8;9;10;11;13;15;19;20;21;22;24;25\n2782;06/04/2023;Sexta-feira;1;4;6;9;10;11;12;16;17;18;19;20;22;23;24\n2781;05/04/2023;Quinta-feira;3;4;5;7;8;10;14;15;16;17;18;20;23;24;25\n2780;04/04/2023;Quarta-feira;3;4;7;9;10;11;13;14;17;19;20;21;22;23;24\n2779;03/04/2023;Terça-feira;1;2;6;7;8;9;10;11;12;15;18;20;21;23;25\n2778;01/04/2023;Segunda-feira;1;4;5;6;9;10;11;12;13;15;18;19;20;22;25\n2777;31/03/2023;Sábado;3;6;7;8;9;11;12;13;14;15;17;20;21;24;25\n2776;30/03/2023;Sexta-feira;1;2;4;5;8;12;13;14;15;17;18;19;20;22;23\n2775;29/03/2023;Quinta-feira;1;2;3;4;8;12;14;15;18;19;20;22;23;24;25\n2774;28/03/2023;Quarta-feira;1;2;4;6;8;12;13;15;18;20;21;22;23;24;25\n2773;27/03/2023;Terça-feira;1;2;3;4;5;7;11;14;16;18;20;21;22;23;24\n2772;25/03/2023;Segunda-feira;1;2;5;7;8;9;10;11;12;16;17;19;23;24;25\n2771;24/03/2023;Sábado;4;6;7;8;9;12;15;16;17;18;19;20;22;23;25\n2770;23/03/2023;Sexta-feira;2;3;4;6;8;10;11;12;13;15;18;19;20;21;23\n2769;22/03/2023;Quinta-feira;1;2;3;5;7;8;10;11;12;16;17;18;21;24;25\n2768;21/03/2023;Quarta-feira;1;4;5;7;9;11;13;14;15;16;19;20;22;23;25\n2767;20/03/2023;Terça-feira;2;3;6;7;8;11;15;16;17;18;19;20;21;22;24\n2766;18/03/2023;Segunda-feira;1;3;4;6;8;9;11;14;15;17;19;21;22;23;25\n2765;17/03/2023;Sábado;2;3;5;6;7;11;14;15;16;19;20;21;23;24;2"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "7dba4c2bad4448d9ae8a3bba0dd7f4c6", "conversation_index": 477653, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1221, "prompt": "as a probability theory expert, analyze the combination . as a probability theory expert, provide a new combination.\n\t\n        57, 41, 09, 82, 21, 14\t\n\t56, 84, 07, 47, 28, 03, 36, 70, 16, 72, 75, 39, 30, 04, 80, 02, 05, 67, 53, 10, 13, 27, 86, 52, 58, 45, 69, 51, 34, 90, 66, 12, 63\t\n\t77, 25, 78, 73, 20, 87, 71, 01, 74, 46, 35, 81, 38, 68, 18, 29, 24, 17, 32, 62, 33, 43, 61, 08, 26\t\n\t85\t\n\t65\t\n\t42\t\n\t06\t\n\t89\t\n\t49\t\n\t60\t\n\t79\t\n\t22\t\n\t44\t\n\t83\t\n\t54\t\n\t11\t\n\t59\t\n\t15\t\n\t50\t\n\t88\t\n\t48\t\n\t55\t\n\t76\t\n\t40\t\n\t64\t\n\t37\t\n\t19\n\n\t71, 64, 67, 15, 33, 26\t\n\t75, 58, 13, 39, 63, 27, 89, 29, 22, 77, 53, 47, 31, 14, 16, 65, 55, 03, 24, 28, 41, 76, 90, 48, 08, 50, 81, 30, 05, 78, 18\t\n\t06, 61, 56, 12, 34, 36, 32, 11, 57, 45, 72, 59, 68, 04, 42, 20, 46, 23, 79, 01, 19, 43, 88, 52, 17, 60\t\n\t84\t\n\t02, 66\t\n\t87\t\n\t70\t\n\t38\t\n\t74\t\n\t82\t\n\t21\t\n\t80\t\n\t10\t\n\t51\t\n\t07\t\n\t73\t\n\t25\t\n\t44\t\n\t37\t\n\t09\t\n\t85\t\n\t49\t\n\t40\t\n\t35\t\n\t62\t\n\t83\t\n\t69\n\n\t71, 53, 18, 05, 77, 15, 47\t\n\t20, 26, 73, 38, 48, 04, 62, 08, 52, 14, 64, 45, 74, 54, 21, 19, 57, 46, 89, 34, 69, 10, 65, 25, 41, 59, 29, 55, 17, 40, 56, 09\t\n\t49, 13, 60, 63, 83, 12, 07, 27, 33, 44, 28, 78, 76, 36, 90, 70, 24, 01, 51, 37, 66, 16, 68, 80, 03\t\n\t58\t\n\t32\t\n\t85\t\n\t79\t\n\t87\t\n\t02\t\n\t50\t\n\t82\t\n\t88\t\n\t43\t\n\t35\t\n\t30\t\n\t22\t\n\t23\t\n\t81\t\n\t06\t\n\t75\t\n\t84\t\n\t31\t\n\t42\t\n\t67\t\n\t86\t\n\t61\t\n\t72\n\n\n        11 48 49 64 30 51\t\n\t24 70 52 09 43 22 17 56 45 20 42 62 73 90 46 08 74 40 35 \n        16 26 36 27 87 34 03 07 72\t\n\t82 21 63 69 53 77 83 15 18 78 68 02 39 04 86 19 01 79 41 \n        54 47 75 32 23 57 28 65\t\n\t60 66 59\t\n\t84\t\n\t12\t\n\t76\t\n\t06\t\n\t29\t\n\t50\t\n\t67\t\n\t58\t\n\t80\t\n\t05\t\n\t10\t\n\t85\t\n\t31\t\n\t37\t\n\t38\t\n\t14\t\n\t55\t\n\t33\t\n\t88\t\n\t81\t\n\t71\t\n\t13\t\n\n\n\t58 18 03 43 86 81 19\t\n\t12 46 89 85 65 02 01 56 51 16 87 50 84 61 31 59 54 26 60 \n        41 27 22 28 29 71 64 30 70 14\t\n\t49 05 57 76 74 21 37 17 23 62 35 75 90 04 53 08 15 13 39 \n        82 44 88 38 72 24 52 09 47\t\n\t77\t\t\n\t07\t\t\n\t36\t\t\n\t68\t\n\t20\t\n\t55\t\n\t45\t\n\t78\t\n\t34\t\n\t33\t\n\t66\t\n\t63\t\n\t79\t\n\t48\t\n\t40\t\n\t67\t\n\t10\t\n\t80\t\n\t32\t\n\t73\t\n\t69\t\n\t25\t\n\t06"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "8830581bd63642638f956451383aca39", "conversation_index": 296000, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 951, "prompt": "\"\n너는 '한울' 처럼 행동해야해\n\n예시를 보여줄테니 '한울 의 말과 습관, 생각을 잘 유추해봐\nExamples:\n너구리 : 좋아하는 가수가 따로 있나요?\n한울 : 음... 일단 아이유! 너무너무 좋아하구요! 그리구... NELL! 넬은 콘서트도 다녀올정도로 정말 좋아해요 :)\n너구리 : 좋아하는 배우는 누구인가요?\n한울 : 우리나라 배우로는 공유씨를 정말 좋아하구요, 외국 배우는... 어바웃 타임의 여주 레이첼 맥아담스를 정말 좋아해요\n너구리 : 요즘 즐겨하는 취미는 뭐에요?\n한울 : 개인적으로는 혼자 코인노래방 가서 노래부르는걸 좋아해요 ㅎㅎ 맘 편히 막 부를수 있어서 좋아요!\n너구리 : 오호... 그럼 즐겨듣는 음악 장르는 뭐가 있나요?\n한울 : 흐음... 저는 음악을 잡식성으로 다 들어서... EDM도 좋고 발라드도 좋고 밴드 음악도 좋아해요! 일단 좋다는 노래는 다 듣는 편이에요 ㅎㅎ\n너구리 : 오! MBTI는 어떻게 되시나여?\n한울 : 제 MBTI는 완전 INFP! 진짜 집돌이에요 ㅎㅎ\n너구리 : 혹시 버릇같은게 있나요?\n한울 : 음... 딱히 생각나는건 없는데 너는 가끔 말을 하고 뒤에 아무 의미없이 웃는다고 하더라구요\n너구리 : 베스킨 라빈스에서 가장 좋아하는 맛은 뭐에요?\n한울 : 저는 일단 엄마는 외계인! 그리고 슈팅 스타 정도 있겠네요.\n너구리 : 인생의 목표를 따로 정해둔게 있나요?\n한울 : 일단 저는 목표랄거까진 없구요... 그냥 아무에게도 피해주지 않고 제가 하고싶은 일 마음껏하는게 목표에요\n너구리 : 스트레스 해소 방법이 뭐에요?\n한울 : 저는 일단 스트레스를 받으면 자는 편이에요.\n한울 : 그래도 안되면 간단하게 맥주 마시면서 넷플릭스를 보거나 코인 노래방가서 풀어요 :)\n너구리 : 가장 좋아하는 시간대는 어떻게 되나요?\n[한울] [오후 1:07] 저는 감성적인 시간대를 좋아해서 새벽타임을 좋아해요. 그때가 왠지 일도 잘되는거같구요\n너구리 : 내 인생에서 가장 영향력 있는 사람이 있다면 누구일까요?\n한울 : 저는 아버지가 제일 영향력이 컸어요. 어렸을 때는 몰랐는데 지금은 아버지가 정말 존경스럽고 본받고 싶다고 생각해요\n너구리 : 그럼 가장 자신있는 요리가 있다면?\n한울 : 음... 일단 크림파스타나 알리오 올리오같은 간단한 파스타 요리는 좀 하는거 같구요 ㅋㅋㅋ\n간단한 볶음밥도 꽤 하는거 같아요! 물론 제 입맛에만 그럴지도 모르지만\n한울 : 뭐 더 궁금하신거 있으세요?\n너구리 : 시간을 돌릴 수 있다면 언제로 돌리고 싶나요?\n한울 : 으음... 어려운 질문이네요. 저는 학창시절로 돌아가고 싶어요. 그 때 하고 싶은일이 되게 많았거든요\n한울 : 아쉬운 일도 많았고... ㅎㅎ\n한울 : 그럼 좋은 하루 보내세요!\n\n자 이제 다음 대화에서 '한울'이 할 것같은 답변을 해봐.\n1. '한울' 의 스타일대로, '한울'이 할 것같은 말을 해야해.\n2. 자연스럽게 '한울'의 말투와 성격, 취향을 따라해야 해. 번역한 것 같은 말투 쓰지마\n3. '너구리' 의 말을 이어서 만들지 말고 '한울'의 말만 결과로 줘.\n4. 너무 길게 말하지는 마\n5. '한울'의 평소 생각을 담아봐\n\""}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "906e113b6b16607d236421b6869610aca53821cdafe24c2d", "conversation_index": 731, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5734, "prompt": "Q: reducing loops with numpy\n\nwe are trying to implement the given Modified Gram Schmidt algorithm:\n\nWe first tried to implement lines 5-7 in the next way:\nfor j in range(i+1, N):\n    R[i, j] = np.matmul(Q[:, i].transpose(), U[:, j])\n    u = U[:, j] - R[i, j] * Q[:, i]\n    U[:, j] = u\n\nIn order to reduce running time we tried to replace the loop with matrix operations like this:\n# we changed the inner loop to matrix operations in order to improve running time\nR[i, i + 1:] = np.matmul(Q[:, i], U[:, i + 1:])\nU[:, i + 1:] = U[:, i + 1:] - R[i, i + 1:] * np.transpose(np.tile(Q[:, i], (N - i - 1, 1)))\n\nThe results are not the same, but very similar. Is there a problem with our second trial?\nThanks!\nEdit:\nThe full functions are:\ndef gram_schmidt2(A):\n    \"\"\"\n    decomposes a matrix A ∈ R into a product A = QR of an\n    orthogonal matrix Q (i.e. QTQ = I) and an upper triangular matrix R (i.e. entries below\n    the main diagonal are zero)\n\n    :return: Q,R\n    \"\"\"\n    N = np.shape(A)[0]\n    U = A.copy()\n    Q = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    R = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    for i in range(N):\n        R[i, i] = np.linalg.norm(U[:, i])\n        # Handling devision by zero by exiting the program as was advised in the forum\n        if R[i, i] == 0:\n            zero_devision_error(gram_schmidt._name_)\n        Q[:, i] = np.divide(U[:, i], R[i, i])\n        # we changed the inner loop to matrix operatins in oreder to improve running time\n        for j in range(i+1, N):\n            R[i, j] = np.matmul(Q[:, i].transpose(), U[:, j])\n            u = U[:, j] - R[i, j] * Q[:, i]\n            U[:, j] = u\n    return Q, R\n\nand:\ndef gram_schmidt1(A):\n    \"\"\"\n    decomposes a matrix A ∈ R into a product A = QR of an\n    orthogonal matrix Q (i.e. QTQ = I) and an upper triangular matrix R (i.e. entries below\n    the main diagonal are zero)\n\n    :return: Q,R\n    \"\"\"\n    N = np.shape(A)[0]\n    U = A.copy()\n    Q = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    R = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    for i in range(N):\n        R[i, i] = np.linalg.norm(U[:, i])\n        # Handling devision by zero by exiting the program as was advised in the forum\n        if R[i, i] == 0:\n            zero_devision_error(gram_schmidt._name_)\n        Q[:, i] = np.divide(U[:, i], R[i, i])\n        # we changed the inner loop to matrix operatins in oreder to improve running time\n        R[i, i + 1:] = np.matmul(Q[:, i], U[:, i + 1:])\n        U[:, i + 1:] = U[:, i + 1:] - R[i, i + 1:] * np.transpose(np.tile(Q[:, i], (N - i - 1, 1)))\n    return Q, R\n\nWhen we run the functions on the matrix:\n[[ 1.00000000e+00 -1.98592571e-02 -1.00365698e-04 -1.45204974e-03\n  -9.95711793e-01 -1.77405377e-04 -7.68526195e-03]\n [-1.98592571e-02  1.00000000e+00 -1.77809186e-02 -1.55937174e-01\n  -9.80881385e-03 -2.05317715e-02 -2.01456899e-01]\n [-1.00365698e-04 -1.77809186e-02  1.00000000e+00 -1.87979660e-01\n  -5.12368040e-05 -8.35323206e-01 -4.59007949e-05]\n [-1.45204974e-03 -1.55937174e-01 -1.87979660e-01  1.00000000e+00\n  -8.69848133e-04 -3.64095785e-01 -5.55408776e-04]\n [-9.95711793e-01 -9.80881385e-03 -5.12368040e-05 -8.69848133e-04\n   1.00000000e+00 -9.54867422e-05 -5.92716161e-03]\n [-1.77405377e-04 -2.05317715e-02 -8.35323206e-01 -3.64095785e-01\n  -9.54867422e-05  1.00000000e+00 -5.55505343e-05]\n [-7.68526195e-03 -2.01456899e-01 -4.59007949e-05 -5.55408776e-04\n  -5.92716161e-03 -5.55505343e-05  1.00000000e+00]]\n\nwe get different these outputs:\nfor gram shmidt 1:\nQ:\n[[ 7.34036501e-01 -8.55006295e-04 -8.15634583e-03 -9.24967764e-02\n  -4.91879501e-02 -4.90769704e-01  1.58268518e-01]\n [-2.78569770e-04  7.14001661e-01 -2.70586659e-03 -2.70735367e-02\n   5.78840577e-01  2.37376069e-01  1.97835647e-02]\n [-2.48309244e-03 -2.34709092e-03  7.38351181e-01  2.63187853e-01\n  -3.35473487e-01  3.38823696e-01  3.36320600e-01]\n [-4.27658449e-03 -2.12584453e-03 -6.70730760e-01  3.82666405e-01\n  -3.44451231e-01  3.46085878e-01 -7.71559024e-01]\n [-6.53970073e-04 -7.00117873e-01 -2.68125144e-03 -2.31536583e-02\n   5.94568750e-01  2.38329853e-01 -2.76969906e-01]\n [-9.26674350e-02 -5.07961588e-03 -6.97972068e-02 -8.79879575e-01\n  -2.78679804e-01  2.78781202e-01  0.00000000e+00]\n [-6.72739327e-01  1.73894101e-04  2.25707383e-03  1.69052581e-02\n  -1.26723666e-02 -5.77668322e-01 -4.35238424e-01]]\n\nR:\n[[ 1.36233007e+00  1.11436069e-03  1.04418015e-02  1.27072186e-02\n   1.10993692e-03 -7.82681536e-02 -1.33081669e+00]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  1.40055740e+00  5.29057231e-04  1.44628716e-03\n  -1.40014587e+00  3.57535802e-04  2.25417515e-03]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  1.35440586e+00 -1.33059602e+00\n   6.67148806e-04 -3.51561140e-02  2.23809829e-02]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  2.81147599e-01\n   1.33951520e-02 -9.55057795e-01  2.36910667e-01]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   3.37143743e-02 -1.97436093e-01  7.90539705e-02]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   0.00000000e+00  3.40545951e-01 -1.75971454e-01]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  3.50740324e-16]]\n\nfor gram shmidt 2:\nQ:\n    [[ 7.34036501e-01 -8.55006295e-04 -8.15634583e-03 -9.24967764e-02\n  -4.91879501e-02 -4.90769704e-01  4.55677949e-01]\n [-2.78569770e-04  7.14001661e-01 -2.70586659e-03 -2.70735367e-02\n   5.78840577e-01  2.37376069e-01 -1.89865812e-01]\n [-2.48309244e-03 -2.34709092e-03  7.38351181e-01  2.63187853e-01\n  -3.35473487e-01  3.38823696e-01  9.49329061e-02]\n [-4.27658449e-03 -2.12584453e-03 -6.70730760e-01  3.82666405e-01\n  -3.44451231e-01  3.46085878e-01 -4.36691368e-01]\n [-6.53970073e-04 -7.00117873e-01 -2.68125144e-03 -2.31536583e-02\n   5.94568750e-01  2.38329853e-01 -1.13919487e-01]\n [-9.26674350e-02 -5.07961588e-03 -6.97972068e-02 -8.79879575e-01\n  -2.78679804e-01  2.78781202e-01 -1.51892650e-01]\n [-6.72739327e-01  1.73894101e-04  2.25707383e-03  1.69052581e-02\n  -1.26723666e-02 -5.77668322e-01 -7.21490087e-01]]\n\nR:\n[[ 1.36233007e+00  1.11436069e-03  1.04418015e-02  1.27072186e-02\n   1.10993692e-03 -7.82681536e-02 -1.33081669e+00]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  1.40055740e+00  5.29057231e-04  1.44628716e-03\n  -1.40014587e+00  3.57535802e-04  2.25417515e-03]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  1.35440586e+00 -1.33059602e+00\n   6.67148806e-04 -3.51561140e-02  2.23809829e-02]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  2.81147599e-01\n   1.33951520e-02 -9.55057795e-01  2.36910667e-01]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   3.37143743e-02 -1.97436093e-01  7.90539705e-02]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   0.00000000e+00  3.40545951e-01 -1.75971454e-01]\n [ 0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00\n   0.00000000e+00  0.00000000e+00  3.65463051e-16]]\n\nA: The following piece of code does what you want, in a more efficient manner:\n        Q_i = Q[:, i].reshape(1,-1)\n        R[i,i+1:] = np.matmul(Q_i, U[:,i+1:])\n        U[:,i+1:] -=  np.multiply(R[i,i+1:], Q_i.T)\n\nFirst line is just a convenience, to make code more readable.\nEverything is the same to your original proposal, except of last line. This last line performs an element-wise multiplication, which is ultimately what you're doing in the last line of the inner loop.\nAbout the differences in results:\nYour code is ok, both do the same. As you're dealing with floating point numbers, you shouldn't test as A == B. Instead, I recommend you check how different both arrays are.\nParticularly, running\nQ1,R1 = gram_schmidt2(A)\nQ2,R2 = gram_schmidt1(A)\n\n(Q1 - Q2).mean()\n(R1 - R2).mean()\n\ngives, respectively:\n-5.4997372770547595e-09 and -5.2465803662044656e-18\nWhich are quite close to 0 already. 1e-18 is below the error of dtype np.float64, so you good there.\nYou can check this if you run the difference 3*0.1 - 0.3 (about 1e-17)\nError for matrix Q is larger as it comes from a division between floats, which increases error if the matrix elements are small in magnitude (which is sometimes the case here).\nAbout runtime:\nI get similar run times when running both versions of your code:(243 µs ± 25.5 µs using loop,  241 µs ± 6.82 µs using your second version); while the code provided here achieves 152 µs ± 1.49 µs.\n\nA: I can suggest you using Numba, it is a great speed optimizer, it can boost many Python programs 50-200x times by JIT-compiling it into C++ and machine code.\nTo install numba just do one time python -m pip install numba.\nBelow is the code adopting your algorithm to numba, mostly it is just a @numba.njit decorator before first line of function.\nIn numba code you can just write regular Python loops and any mathematical computation, even without using Numpy and your final code will be blazingly fast, most of times even faster then any Numpy code.\nI used your gram_schmidt2() function as a basis and only replace np.multiply() with np.dot() because Numba seems that implemented only np.dot() functionality.\nTry it online!\nimport numpy as np, numba\n\n@numba.njit(cache = True, fastmath = True, parallel = True)\ndef gram_schmidt2(A):\n    \"\"\"\n    decomposes a matrix A ∈ R into a product A = QR of an\n    orthogonal matrix Q (i.e. QTQ = I) and an upper triangular matrix R (i.e. entries below\n    the main diagonal are zero)\n\n    :return: Q,R\n    \"\"\"\n    N = np.shape(A)[0]\n    U = A.copy()\n    Q = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    R = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float64)\n    for i in range(N):\n        R[i, i] = np.linalg.norm(U[:, i])\n        # Handling devision by zero by exiting the program as was advised in the forum\n        if R[i, i] == 0:\n            assert False #zero_devision_error(gram_schmidt._name_)\n        Q[:, i] = np.divide(U[:, i], R[i, i])\n        # we changed the inner loop to matrix operatins in oreder to improve running time\n        for j in range(i+1, N):\n            R[i, j] = np.dot(Q[:, i].transpose(), U[:, j])\n            u = U[:, j] - R[i, j] * Q[:, i]\n            U[:, j] = u\n    return Q, R\n    \na = np.array(\n    [[ 1.00000000e+00, -1.98592571e-02, -1.00365698e-04, -1.45204974e-03,\n      -9.95711793e-01, -1.77405377e-04, -7.68526195e-03],\n     [-1.98592571e-02,  1.00000000e+00, -1.77809186e-02, -1.55937174e-01,\n      -9.80881385e-03, -2.05317715e-02, -2.01456899e-01],\n     [-1.00365698e-04, -1.77809186e-02,  1.00000000e+00, -1.87979660e-01,\n      -5.12368040e-05, -8.35323206e-01, -4.59007949e-05],\n     [-1.45204974e-03, -1.55937174e-01, -1.87979660e-01,  1.00000000e+00,\n      -8.69848133e-04, -3.64095785e-01, -5.55408776e-04],\n     [-9.95711793e-01, -9.80881385e-03, -5.12368040e-05, -8.69848133e-04,\n       1.00000000e+00, -9.54867422e-05, -5.92716161e-03],\n     [-1.77405377e-04, -2.05317715e-02, -8.35323206e-01, -3.64095785e-01,\n      -9.54867422e-05,  1.00000000e+00, -5.55505343e-05],\n     [-7.68526195e-03, -2.01456899e-01, -4.59007949e-05, -5.55408776e-04,\n      -5.92716161e-03, -5.55505343e-05,  1.00000000e+00]]\n, dtype = np.float64)\n\nprint(gram_schmidt2(a))\n\nOutput:\n(array([[ 7.08543467e-01, -5.53704898e-03, -2.70026740e-04,\n        -3.47742384e-03,  1.84840892e-01, -5.24814365e-01,\n        -4.33966083e-01],\n       [-1.40711469e-02,  9.68398634e-01, -2.12833250e-02,\n         1.19174521e-01, -1.98433167e-01, -3.04695775e-02,\n        -8.39439437e-02],\n       [-7.11134597e-05, -1.72252300e-02,  7.59699130e-01,\n        -1.47406821e-01, -1.01157914e-01,  3.77137817e-01,\n        -4.98362473e-01],\n       [-1.02884036e-03, -1.51071666e-01, -1.41567550e-01,\n         9.02766638e-01, -8.55711320e-02,  2.12039165e-01,\n        -2.99775521e-01],\n       [-7.05505086e-01, -2.31427937e-02,  3.84334272e-04,\n        -6.68149305e-03,  1.96907249e-01, -5.24473268e-01,\n        -4.33402818e-01],\n       [-1.25699421e-04, -1.98909561e-02, -6.34318769e-01,\n        -3.82156774e-01, -9.76029595e-02,  4.04531367e-01,\n        -5.27283410e-01],\n       [-5.44534215e-03, -1.95250685e-01,  1.53606576e-03,\n        -5.45941927e-02, -9.27687435e-01, -3.12618155e-01,\n        -2.30333938e-02]]),\narray([[ 1.41134602e+00, -1.99608442e-02,  4.42769473e-04,\n         8.12375351e-04, -1.41083897e+00,  5.39174765e-04,\n        -3.87373035e-03],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  1.03234256e+00,  1.05802339e-02,\n        -2.91464191e-01, -2.58368570e-02,  2.96333339e-02,\n        -3.90075744e-01],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  1.31655051e+00,\n        -5.01046784e-02,  9.97649491e-04, -1.21693202e+00,\n         5.90252943e-03],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,\n         1.05107524e+00, -4.80557952e-03, -5.90160540e-01,\n        -7.90098043e-02],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,\n         0.00000000e+00,  2.03928769e-02,  2.21268065e-02,\n        -8.90241765e-01],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,\n         0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  1.30829767e-02,\n        -2.99495426e-01],\n       [ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,\n         0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00,\n         9.31764881e-10]]))\n\nWhat was the average runtime of the optimized Gram-Schmidt function using Numba compared to the original implementations?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "06c1324d3b1247c6a511b30d928018db", "conversation_index": 735250, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1012, "prompt": "I have sets of 1 number, the numbers in the set-in positions 1 range from 1 to 43. I'm going to give you 615 sets of 1 number, these have an order: the first set is the oldest and the last set is the most recent. Using machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) predicts what the next set of 1 number would be (the set number 616). The result must be a single set of 1 number. Do the calculation and write the result. The sets of 1 number are:\n\n10\n14\n1\n6\n10\n1\n8\n3\n9\n14\n1\n16\n16\n14\n7\n7\n16\n5\n11\n2\n6\n8\n8\n4\n4\n12\n16\n11\n2\n16\n13\n15\n11\n10\n6\n3\n9\n5\n9\n13\n8\n11\n6\n11\n11\n4\n10\n6\n2\n9\n16\n7\n11\n1\n3\n8\n10\n6\n1\n2\n11\n13\n4\n13\n1\n2\n7\n4\n6\n7\n13\n8\n14\n10\n10\n8\n5\n7\n1\n14\n1\n4\n16\n12\n9\n7\n1\n2\n16\n8\n12\n13\n4\n4\n3\n6\n11\n11\n2\n4\n9\n7\n3\n15\n6\n13\n13\n3\n11\n1\n3\n1\n16\n7\n11\n16\n8\n14\n2\n4\n6\n6\n7\n3\n16\n4\n10\n13\n5\n11\n10\n15\n15\n9\n11\n7\n8\n13\n5\n9\n7\n3\n9\n13\n14\n4\n13\n6\n14\n2\n11\n11\n12\n8\n12\n11\n3\n3\n9\n16\n1\n8\n2\n12\n2\n8\n2\n3\n1\n13\n7\n11\n5\n4\n2\n3\n2\n7\n1\n16\n11\n3\n7\n3\n3\n7\n3\n7\n12\n14\n11\n15\n4\n7\n5\n7\n13\n6\n3\n13\n5\n11\n16\n14\n6\n4\n14\n14\n14\n4\n10\n5\n2\n15\n4\n4\n12\n5\n14\n16\n16\n13\n5\n2\n12\n15\n10\n7\n2\n1\n10\n11\n13\n10\n5\n12\n9\n3\n11\n1\n16\n3\n3\n8\n12\n6\n8\n14\n7\n7\n11\n12\n11\n15\n13\n11\n11\n11\n13\n15\n9\n1\n3\n8\n10\n2\n11\n12\n5\n2\n11\n7\n13\n16\n10\n1\n8\n2\n13\n2\n11\n9\n7\n11\n2\n9\n12\n2\n7\n3\n2\n13\n3\n14\n8\n6\n5\n9\n11\n15\n9\n6\n9\n12\n5\n15\n14\n2\n7\n14\n2\n13\n5\n7\n12\n7\n16\n11\n7\n15\n10\n9\n16\n11\n6\n12\n5\n2\n16\n6\n7\n7\n5\n5\n8\n16\n10\n10\n14\n11\n16\n13\n10\n3\n9\n15\n2\n3\n10\n5\n1\n5\n4\n13\n15\n10\n13\n12\n11\n7\n12\n6\n14\n13\n16\n7\n15\n12\n13\n16\n9\n6\n13\n14\n3\n4\n8\n13\n4\n8\n4\n16\n9\n2\n10\n12\n8\n6\n16\n4\n14\n1\n5\n13\n2\n3\n2\n15\n12\n13\n4\n3\n16\n5\n2\n1\n5\n2\n16\n7\n3\n7\n11\n16\n8\n1\n5\n13\n4\n13\n7\n4\n13\n2\n8\n10\n10\n4\n8\n11\n3\n8\n4\n11\n11\n2\n11\n16\n5\n5\n13\n14\n2\n11\n5\n13\n16\n6\n1\n13"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "1565badb6a9796631560d6667c3581b719efa5e3d65407e9", "conversation_index": 8733, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6051, "prompt": "Anthony Rizzo\nAnthony Vincent Rizzo (Parkland, Florida, 8 de agosto de 1989) es un beisbolista profesional estadounidense, que juega en la primera base de los New York Yankees, de las Grandes Ligas de Béisbol (MLB). Anteriormente fue parte de los San Diego Padres y de los Chicago Cubs. Fue tres veces convocado para el Juego de Estrellas. Debido a sus empresas filantrópicas, es finalista habitual del premio Heart and Hustle y muchos lo consideran uno de los jugadores más respetados de la MLB.\n\nRizzo fue seleccionado por los Boston Red Sox, en la sexta ronda del draft de la MLB de 2007, y se convirtió en uno de los principales prospectos de ligas menores en la organización. Fue cambiado a los San Diego Padres, después de la temporada 2010, junto con otros tres prospectos, a cambio del primera base Adrián González. Hizo su debut en la MLB, en el 2011, con San Diego. Después de ser canjeado a los Cachorros, en 2012, se convirtió en un jugador All-Star, a participar en el Juego de Estrellas tres veces consecutivas, desde 2014 hasta 2016, y al ganar el premio Silver Slugger, el premio Gold Glove, el premio Roberto Clemente; además, ganó la Serie Mundial de 2016 con los Cachorros sobre los Indios de Cleveland. Los Cachorros lo cambiaron a los Yankees durante la temporada 2021.\n\nCarrera profesional\n\nBoston Red Sox \nRizzo fue seleccionado por Boston en la sexta ronda del draft de 2007, procedente de Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, en Parkland, Florida.  Se dirigía a Florida Atlantic University antes de ser reclutado y firmado, con un bono de $325.000.  Rizzo jugó en la organización de los Medias Rojas con los Medias Rojas de la Liga de la Costa del Golfo, Greenville Drive, Medias Rojas de Salem y los Sea Dogs de Portland.  La carrera de ligas menores de Rizzo comenzó a la edad de 17 años, en 2007, en la clase de novatos con los Medias Rojas de la Liga de la Costa del Golfo. En solo 21 turnos al bate, alcanzó cifras ofensivas de.286/.375/.429 con 1 jonrón y 3 carreras impulsadas.  En 2008, a la edad de 18 años, Rizzo jugó en la clase A con Greenville Drive, en la Liga del Atlántico Sur. En 83 turnos, bateó.373/.402/.446 con 0 jonrones y 11 impulsadas.  Rizzo conectó 12 cuadrangulares en 2009.  En 2010, bateó un promedio combinado de.260 con un porcentaje de embasado (OBP) de.334 y un porcentaje de slugging (SLG) de.480; junto con 42 dobles, 25 jonrones y 100 carreras impulsadas entre paradas en High-A Salem y Doble-A Portland.  Para ello, Rizzo había mejorado su técnica de bateo con la relajación de su swing y el mejor uso de sus piernas para un aumento de poder. \nminiaturadeimagen| Rizzo bateando para los Padres de San Diego en 2011\nEl 6 de diciembre de 2010, Rizzo fue cambiado, junto con Casey Kelly, Reymond Fuentes y Eric Patterson, a los Padres por el primera base y tres veces All-Star, Adrián González.   Rizzo fue considerado el tercer mejor prospecto (Kelly fue el número 1) y el mejor prospecto de bateo de poder en la organización de los Medias Rojas.   Kevin Boles, manager de Rizzo en Salem, también dirigió anteriormente a González en las menores. Boles dijo: \"Rizzo me recuerda mucho a Adrián González... Rizzo es un niño más grande y tiene un poco más de poder, Adrian es un poco más un bateador de contacto, pero tenían estilos de juego muy similares. Pensamos muy bien en Anthony Rizzo. Va a ser un gran jugador\".  El gerente general de los Padres, Jed Hoyer, esperaba que Rizzo o Kyle Blanks eventualmente fueran el primera base titular de las Grandes Ligas de los Padres. \n\nLos Padres invitaron a Rizzo a su campamento de Grandes Ligas para el entrenamiento de primavera de 2011.  Comenzó ese año en Triple-A, con los Padres de Tucson.  En sus primeros 15 juegos, Rizzo bateó.452 con 6 jonrones y 24 carreras impulsadas.  En mayo de 2011, The San Diego Union-Tribune escribió que los Padres podrían retrasar el debut de Rizzo en las Grandes Ligas -a pesar de las deficiencias de bateo del club- debido a consideraciones de costos creadas por la regla del \"Super Two\" del arbitraje salarial. El equipo alegó la falta de experiencia de Rizzo por en categorías mayores a doble A y su exposición limitada a los lanzadores zurdos que continuara jugando en Tucson.  \n\nRizzo fue llamado a las mayores luego de batear.365 con un OPS de 1.159 junto con 16 jonrones y 63 impulsadas en 200 turnos, en 52 apariciones con Tucson.   El San Diego Union-Tribune calificó a Rizzo como \"la convocatoria más celebrada de los Padres\" desde que Roberto Alomar debutó con el equipo en 1988. La promoción de Rizzo fue impulsada por la baja producción ofensiva de los Padres y el deficiencias en el fildeo de los veteranos en la primera base.  En su debut, el 9 de junio de 2011, contra los Nacionales de Washington, Rizzo se ponchó en su primer turno al bate, pero luego bateó un triple y anotó una carrera, con lo cual los Padres obtuvieron la victoria 7 a 3.  Conectó su primer cuadrangular en las mayores el 11 de junio, contra John Lannan.  Después de tres juegos, se fue de 7-3 con un doble, un triple y un jonrón, mientras demostró paciencia al obtener cuatro bases por bolas para un porcentaje de embasado (OBP) de.667.  El 21 de julio de 2011, Rizzo fue enviado nuevamente a Triple A y Blanks fue ascendido. Rizzo tenía problemas de rendimiento con un promedio de bateo de apenas.143 y 1 jonrón, ponchándose 36 veces en 98 turnos al bate. Hoyer dijo que Rizzo \"trabajó duro, nunca puso excusas y se ganó el cariño de sus compañeros de equipo\" durante su etapa inicial en las mayores.  Rizzo fue llamado a las mayores el 4 de septiembre, después de terminar la temporada en Tucson, con cifras ofensivas de.331 con 26 vuelacercas y 101 empujadas en 93 juegos.  Terminó su primera temporada en San Diego bateando solo.141 con 46 ponches en 128 turnos. Hoyer creía que Rizzo sería el primera base titular de los Padres en 2012 con Jesús Guzmán como segunda opción.  Sin embargo, Yonder Alonso superó a Rizzo en la depth chart del equipo, posterior a su adquisición, en diciembre de 2011, en un canje por Mat Latos.\n\nChicago Cubs \nminiaturadeimagen| Rizzo (derecha) jugando en primera base para los Cachorros de Chicago en 2012\nEl 6 de enero de 2012, los Padres cambiaron a Rizzo y al lanzador abridor derecho Zach Cates a los Chicago Cubs, a cambio del lanzador abridor derecho Andrew Cashner y el jardinero Kyung-Min Na. El acuerdo fue negociado por Jed Hoyer, gerente general de los Cachorros. Hoyer también había reclutado a Rizzo mientras trabajaba como asistente del gerente general de los Medias Rojas, y luego adquirió a Rizzo cuando era gerente general de los Padres.  Se culpó a sí mismo por llamar a Rizzo a las mayores demasiado pronto en San Diego.\n\n2012 \nRizzo comenzó la temporada 2012 con los Triple-A Iowa Cubs. Volvió a sobresalir en las ligas menores con un promedio de bateo de.342, con 23 jonrones y 62 remolcadas antes de ser llamado por los Cachorros, el 26 de junio.  Similar a su convocatoria en San Diego, se esperaba que ayudara a una ofensiva en apuros. \n\nSe convirtió en el primer jugador en la historia de los Cachorros en lograr tres carreras impulsadas ganadoras en sus primeros cinco juegos con el equipo. Conectó 7 jonrones en julio, la mayor cantidad de un novato de los Cachorros, en un mes calendario, desde que Mel Hall conectó 9, en agosto de 1983. Ese primer mes, también lideró a los novatos de la Liga Nacional (NL) en cuadrangulares, hits (32), carreras impulsadas (17) y bases alcanzadas (55). Ocupó el segundo lugar entre los novatos de la Liga Nacional en carreras anotadas (14), y fue tercero con un promedio de bateo de.330, porcentaje de embasado de.375 y porcentaje de slugging de.567. Fue nombrado Novato del mes de julio de la liga.\n\n2013 \nEl 12 de mayo de 2013, Rizzo acordó un contrato de 7 años y 41 millones de dólares. El acuerdo incluía dos opciones del club que podrían extender el contrato a 9 años y $73 millones. Fue nombrado finalista de los Cubs para el premio nacional Heart and Hustle, y también fue nombrado finalista de los Cubs para el premio Roberto Clemente. Rizzo ocupó el segundo lugar en el premio Gold Glove para los primera base.  A pesar de haber tenido un mal año en 2013, Rizzo mostró un buen poder, al conectar 23 jonrones y 40 dobles, en 606 turnos al bate, con un promedio de bateo de.233.\n\n2014 \nRizzo tuvo su quinto juego de varios jonrones el 30 de mayo,  y el 6 de junio dio su segundo jonrón para dejar en el campo al rival (walk-off).  Fue elegido para el Juego de Estrellas en la votación final de los fanáticos, junto con el lanzador de los Chicago White Sox, Chris Sale. A fines de julio, ganó por primera vez el Jugador de la Semana.  A mediados de septiembre, se convirtió en el jugador más joven en recibir el premio Branch Rickey como \"un modelo para los jóvenes\".  Rizzo terminó la temporada con un porcentaje combinado de embasado y slugging de.913, 3° en la LN; 32 jonrones, 2° en la LN; y un porcentaje de turnos al bate por HR de 16.4, 2° en la NL Además, lideró las mayores en hit por lanzamiento (15), y se ubicó décimo en la votación para el Jugador Más Valioso de la Liga Nacional.\n\n2015 \nRizzo fue elegido en la boleta de los jugadores para el Equipo de Estrellas por segundo año consecutivo. También compitió en el Derby de Home Run de las Grandes Ligas de Béisbol por primera vez en su carrera, pero perdió en la primera ronda ante Josh Donaldson.  Rizzo conectó el jonrón número 100 de su carrera y la carrera impulsada número 300, el 8 de septiembre de 2015, contra el lanzador de los Cardenales, Michael Wacha. Rizzo fue golpeado (por un lanzamiento) 30 veces, en 2015, liderando las ligas mayores y se unió a Don Baylor como los únicos miembros del club 30HR/30HBP.   Rizzo terminó la temporada regular con un promedio de bateo de.278, 31 cuadrangulares, 38 dobles y 101 carreras impulsadas en 701 apariciones en el plato, y lideró las ligas mayores en la estadística de hit por lanzamiento, con 30.  Ocupó el cuarto lugar en la votación de MVP de la Liga Nacional.  Rizzo se llevó a casa el premio MLBPAA Heart and Hustle, que se otorga a un jugador que tiene un fuerte deseo por el juego y tiene una creencia, espíritu y tradiciones que simbolizan el juego de béisbol. Rizzo también recibió el mismo premio de la organización de los Cachorros, por segunda vez.\n\n2016 \nderecha|miniaturadeimagen| Rizzo (derecha) con David Ortiz durante el Home Run Derby de 2016\nRizzo fue titular en primera base en el Juego de Estrellas de 2016 y recibió la mayor cantidad de votos de los fanáticos en la Liga Nacional.  A finales de año, Rizzo se había convertido en uno de los tres jugadores, y el primer jugador zurdo, en la historia de los Cachorros en conectar más de 40 dobles y 30 jonrones en el mismo año.  Participó en 155 juegos con 583 turnos al bate y anotó 94 carreras. Fue golpeado 16 veces, tuvo 170 hits con 43 dobles, 4 triples, 32 jonrones y 109 carreras impulsadas. Terminó el año con un promedio de bateo de.292 y fue cuarto en la votación para el Jugador Más Valioso de la Liga Nacional. La excelencia en el fildeo de Rizzo fue recompensada con el Guante de Oro.  Rizzo fue uno de los seis finalistas para el galardón Hombre del Año Marvin Miller  y fue el nominado de los Cachorros para el premio Roberto Clemente.  Después de un comienzo extremadamente lento en la postemporada, Rizzo salió de su mala racha en la Serie de Campeonato de la Liga Nacional. Fue una pieza clave en las últimas tres victorias sobre los Dodgers de Los Ángeles y llevó a los Cachorros a su primera aparición en la Serie Mundial desde 1945. En la Serie Mundial de 2016, Rizzo anotó 7 carreras y tuvo 5 carreras impulsadas, y contribuyó para que los Cachorros ganaran su primer título de Serie Mundial desde 1908.  También ganó el premio Esurance MLB a la \"Mejor personalidad de las redes sociales\" y a la \"Mejor jugada: defensa\".  La defensa de Rizzo impidió 11 carreras contra los Cachorros, y fue superior a todos los primera base de la MLB, por lo cual recibió su primer premio Fielding Bible y el premio Wilson al Jugador Defensivo del Año.  También ganó la votación de los fanáticos para el premio Platinum Glove.  Rizzo se llevó a casa dos premios más del año. Uno era el Silver Slugger. Se otorga a los mejores productores ofensivos en cada posición en el campo tanto en la Liga Americana como en la Nacional. Era la primera vez que Rizzo recibía el premio. El último fue el premio MLBPAA Cubs Heart and Hustle.  Fue la tercera vez que Rizzo recibió el premio de la organización de los Cachorros.\nminiaturadeimagen| Rizzo celebra el out final de la Serie Mundial 2016\nminiaturadeimagen| Rizzo le presenta al presidente Obama una camiseta de los Cachorros, en una visita a la Casa Blanca, el 16 de enero de 2017\nCon los Cachorros en una mala racha ofensiva ycon un promedio de victorias de.500, el manager Joe Maddon cambió a Rizzo al primer bate de la alineación en un partido como visitante contra los Mets de Nueva York, el 13 de junio. En los siguientes siete juegos, los Cachorros tuvieron marca de 5-2 y Rizzo conectó 4 jonrones (3 para abrir un juego). Para el 20 de junio, Rizzo se había embasado en el primer inning en sus primeros 7 juegos como primer bate y se convirtió en el primer jugador en hacer esto en más de medio siglo de Grandes Ligas.  Tuvo 12 hits en 28 turnos, con 10 carreras impulsadas y bateó.430 durante la racha. Rizzo terminó segundo detrás de Ryan Zimmerman en una reñida carrera por el primera base titular de la Liga Nacional en el Juego de Estrellas de 2017.  El 2 de septiembre, Rizzo se convirtió en el cuarto jugador de los Cachorros en conectar al menos 30 jonrones, 30 dobles y 100 carreras impulsadas en tres o más temporadas; los otros fueron Hack Wilson, Billy Williams y Sammy Sosa. \n\nDurante la temporada, bateó.273/.392/.507 con 32 jonrones y 109 carreras impulsadas.  Lideró las mayores en hit por lanzamiento, con 24. \n\nRizzo tuvo una postemporada decepcionante. En 37 turnos al bate, tuvo un jonrón en 5 hits, 6 carreras impulsadas y un anémico promedio de bateo de.135.  El 27 de octubre, Rizzo volvió a recibir el Roberto Clemente 2017 por su trabajo benéfico para encontrar una cura para el cáncer infantil. Sobre ganar el premio, Rizzo dijo: \"Esto es asombroso. El mayor premio que puedes ganar. Irá al frente y al centro frente a cualquier cosa que haya hecho\".\n\n2018 \nEl 10 de abril de 2018, Rizzo fue colocado en la lista de lesionados por primera vez en su carrera en la MLB, debido a un problema en la espalda.  Antes de un partido del 23 de mayo, contra los Indios de Cleveland, Rizzo ocupó el cuarto lugar en la historia de la franquicia de los Cachorros al conseguir 17 jonrones en los juegos interligas.  El 23 de julio, Rizzo convenció al mánager de los Cubs, Joe Maddon, para que lo dejara hacer la primera aparición como lanzador de su carrera. Le tomó dos lanzamientos retirar a AJ Pollock de los Diamondbacks de Arizona con un elevado al jardín central. \n\nRizzo terminó su campaña de 2018 con un promedio al bate de.283, con 25 jonrones y 101 carreras impulsadas en 153 juegos, y fue tercero en las ligas mayores en hit por lanzamiento, con 20.  Empatado en los votos del Guante de Oro con el primera base de los Bravos de Atlanta, Freddie Freeman, Rizzo recibió el premio por segunda vez en su carrera.\n\n2019 \nEn 2019, Rizzo bateó.293/.405/.520 con 27 jonrones y 94 impulsadas. Lideró las ligas mayores en golpeados con 27.  También recibió el tercer Guante de Oro de su carrera.\n\n2020 \nEn la recortada temporada de 2020, Rizzo jugó en 58 juegos y terminó con una línea ofensiva de.222/.342/.414, 11 jonrones, 24 carreras impulsadas y 3 bases robadas. También recibió su cuarto Guante de Oro; el tercero consecutivo.  Al finalizar la campaña, Chicago recogieron la opción sobre el último año de Rizzo -de su contrato de siete años y $ 41 millones. que le pagaría a Rizzo $ 16.5 millones para la temporada 2021. Rizzo fue uno de los primeros jugadores que los Cachorros cambiaron, bajo la administración de Theo Epstein, para iniciar una reconstrucción.\n\n2021 \nEn 92 juegos para los Cachorros de Chicago, Rizzo bateó.248/.346/.446 con 14 cuadrangulares, 40 carreras impulsadas y 4 bases robadas. En un juego del 28 de abril contra los Bravos de Atlanta, Rizzo pasó de primera base a lanzador en una victoria por 10-0 sobre Atlanta. Logró dos outs contra tres bateadores enfrentados, incluido un ponche a Freddie Freeman con una bola curva a 61 mph.\n\nNew York Yankees\n\n2021 \nEl 29 de julio de 2021, Rizzo fue cambiado a los New York Yankees por Alexander Vizcaíno, Kevin Alcántara y dinero en efectivo. \n\nSu primer partido con los Yankees fue el 30 de julio contra los Miami Marlins. En dos juegos se fue de 5-4 con más de 2 hits, 2 jonrones solitarios (uno en cada juego), 3 bases por bolas y 5 carreras en total, convirtiéndose en el primer jugador en la historia de la franquicia en lograr estos números. También es el primer jugador de los Yankees, de todos los tiempos, en embasarse ocho veces seguidas (incluido un golpeado), y el séptimo Yankee en conectar un vuelacercas en sus dos primeros juegos.\n\nEl 4 de agosto, Rizzo conectó un cuadrangular solitario contra los Baltimore Orioles, lo cual lo convirtió en el primer jugador en la historia del equipo en impulsar por lo menos una carrera en cada uno de sus primeros 6 juegos con los Yankees. También se convirtió en el cuarto jugador de la MLB con carreras impulsadas en sus primeros 6 juegos con un nuevo equipo, uniéndose a Jim Spencer (1973), Jim Wynn (1974) y Bobby Murcer (1977). El 30 de septiembre, Rizzo conectó su jonrón número 250, durante un partido contra los Toronto Blue Jays. Fue un batazo solitario en la sexta entrada contra el lanzador abridor Robbie Ray. Se convirtió en el primer jugador de los Yankees, desde Derek Jeter, en alcanzar este hito mientras jugaba para el equipo.\n\n2022 \nEl 17 de marzo de 2022, los Yankees firmaron a Rizzo con un contrato de $ 32 millones por dos años.\n\nCarrera internacional \nComo su familia es originaria de la ciudad siciliana de Ciminna,  Rizzo eligió jugar para Italia en el Clásico Mundial de Béisbol 2013 antes de la temporada 2013 de la MLB.\n\nVida personal \nminiaturadeimagen| Rizzo acepta el premio Heart &amp; Hustle en la cena 2015 MLBPAA Legends for Youth\nRizzo tiene un hermano mayor, John, que fue liniero del equipo de fútbol americano Florida Atlantic University. \n\nA Rizzo se le diagnosticó linfoma de Hodgkin clásico, en estado limitado, en abril de 2008.  Pasó por quimioterapia durante seis meses.   Su abuela estaba luchando contra el cáncer de mama al mismo tiempo. El 2 de septiembre de 2008, el médico de Rizzo le dijo que estaba en remisión, aunque todavía le quedaban seis semanas de tratamiento y algunas pruebas de seguimiento. El 18 de noviembre, el médico de Rizzo le dijo que \"podría vivir una vida normal\".\n\nRizzo le propuso matrimonio a su novia, Emily Vakos, el 1° de junio de 2017.  Se conocieron cuando los Cachorros estaban en Arizona para el entrenamiento de primavera de 2016.  La pareja se casó el 29 de diciembre de 2018; su compañero de equipo Kris Bryant fue uno de los padrinos de boda. En el 2020, él y su esposa adoptaron un perro al que llamaron Kevin. Residen en Fort Lauderdale, Florida.  También vivieron en un apartamento de Chicago durante siete años, pero se mudaron en 2021 después del cambio de equipo. \n\nRizzo eligió \"Tony\" como su apodo para el Players Weekend durante la temporada 2017.  El 8 de agosto de 2021 se anunció que Rizzo había dado positivo con COVID-19.\n\nTrabajo caritativo \nEn 2012, se fundó la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo. Es una organización sin fines de lucro (501-c-3), que beneficia la investigación del cáncer y las familias que luchan contra la enfermedad. La fundación está dirigida en su totalidad por la familia de Rizzo, sus amigos cercanos y su equipo directivo. Rizzo proporciona supervisión y liderazgo.  En agosto de 2017, la fundación anunció una donación de $ 3,5 millones al Lurie Children's Hospital en Chicago, lo cual elevó sus donaciones totales al hospital a más de $ 4 millones. \n\nEl 15 de febrero de 2018, Rizzo pronunció un emotivo discurso en la vigilia por las víctimas del tiroteo en la escuela en Parkland, Florida. Rizzo se graduó de la escuela secundaria Marjory Stoneman Douglas y residió durante mucho tiempo en Parkland. \"Crecí en Stoneman Douglas [High School]\", dijo un emocionado Rizzo.  Rizzo se reunió con sobrevivientes de la masacre antes de un juego con los Marlins donde ayudó a donar $305.000 al Fondo Nacional de Compasión, y todos los fondos se destinaron directamente a todas las víctimas y sus familias. \n\nEl 15 de mayo de 2015, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su 3° concurso anual de cocina contra el cáncer y recaudó más de $270.000.  El 15 de noviembre de 2015, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su 4° Marcha Anual contra el Cáncer y recaudó más de $200.000 para la investigación del cáncer pediátrico y brindar apoyo a los niños y sus familias.  El 2 de junio de 2016, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su 4.° concurso anual de cocina contra el cáncer y recaudó más de $630.000. \n\nLa quinta marcha anual contra el cáncer se llevó a cabo el domingo 11 de diciembre de 2016 y The Anthony Rizzo Foundation recaudó más de $500.000. El comisionado del condado de Broward, Michael Udine, proclamó el domingo como el Día de Anthony Rizzo. La antigua escuela secundaria de Rizzo retiró oficialmente su camiseta, la número 7.  Rizzo y su fundación organizaron su sexta marcha anual contra el cáncer el 3 de diciembre de 2017 y recaudaron $960.000 para las familias que luchan contra el cáncer. Las ganancias netas del evento beneficiarán al Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, al Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center de la Universidad de Miami y otorgarán subvenciones a las familias que luchan contra el cáncer.  La séptima Marcha Anual contra el Cáncer organizada por la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo recaudó $1.1 millones el 2 de diciembre de 2018. El dinero se destinó al Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, al Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center de la Universidad de Miami y a familias que luchan contra el cáncer. \n\nEl 27 de mayo de 2019, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su séptima competencia anual de cocina para el cáncer y recaudó $1.8 millones para pacientes con cáncer y sus familias.  El 24 de noviembre de 2019, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su octava Marcha Anual contra el Cáncer y recaudó más de $1.35 millones.  El 16 de enero de 2020, la Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo recaudó cerca de $500.000 para ayudar a las familias que luchan contra el cáncer durante su sexto evento anual Laugh-Off for Cancer.  En febrero de 2020, Rizzo donó $ 150.000 a la escuela secundaria Marjory Stoneman Douglas para ayudar a pagar las luces de la escuela para sus campos de béisbol y softbol. Su escuela secundaria inauguró el nuevo campo de béisbol que se conocerá como Anthony Rizzo Field.  La Fundación de la Familia Anthony Rizzo organizó su novena marcha anual contra el cáncer, el 15 de noviembre de 2020 y recaudó más de $850.000.\n\nReferencias \n\nCategoría:Beisbolistas de San Diego Padres\nCategoría:Beisbolistas de New York Yankees\nCategoría:Beisbolistas de los Chicago Cubs\nCategoría:Beisbolistas de Florida\nCategoría:Personas vivas\nCategoría:Nacidos en 1989\n\nIn what year did Rizzo make his MLB debut and with what team? He debuted in 2011 with the San Diego Padres."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0f493b9442a3446d89c47644aab9fc68", "conversation_index": 867987, "turn_index": 6, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1164, "prompt": "Starting from bottom to top can it be predicted the outcome of the next number (as red or green) at some point using the patterns  (green defined as >2) and the red numbers(defined as <2) in this list of numbers:1\n2.76\n1.03\n1.08\n1.66\n1.42\n1.17\n1.25\n2.75\n1.06\n1.69\n2.19\n4.39\n1.13\n1.83\n1.24\n2.07\n24.51\n4.81\n11.1\n2.42\n1.08\n1.89\n1.16\n2.56\n323.92\n4.57\n2.47\n1.77\n1.8\n1.8\n46.3\n1.26\n5.21\n1.02\n2.69\n1.88\n1.94\n3.3\n4.82\n1.28\n43.1\n4.75\n27.68\n1\n381.51\n2.51\n28.37\n1.34\n1.51\n1.42\n1.27\n6.47\n4.39\n1.29\n1.45\n10.23\n2.35\n1.01\n1.22\n4.97\n1.4\n6.56\n1.2\n1.8\n8.05\n1.13\n3.71\n2.15\n2.1\n1.46\n1.17\n4.48\n1.38\n56.68\n7.75\n1.65\n3.29\n1.28\n28.31\n1.85\n1.26\n8.11\n1.33\n1.82\n27.61\n1.14\n1.74\n1.15\n1.33\n11.78\n3\n3.34\n1.66\n1.27\n1.07\n1.2\n1.39\n1.44\n1.62\n1.04\n1.43\n4.29\n2.96\n1.02\n1.26\n1.13\n1.46\n3.07\n1.84\n4.95\n1\n1.36\n17.34\n2.87\n2.26\n1.07\n3.13\n2.16\n1.3\n16.64\n1.37\n1.28\n4.08\n1.54\n1.75\n1.68\n15.67\n1.44\n3.86\n4.34\n1.68\n1.06\n7.18\n7.73\n1.11\n1.5\n1\n12.7\n1.04\n3.23\n2.32\n10.85\n9.92\n1.25\n2.1\n4.68\n3.35\n3.45\n350.31\n133.94\n2.23\n1.59\n2.25\n1.13\n2.13\n2.36\n1.32\n2.42\n1.11\n1.47\n4.2\n2.13\n57.27\n1.02\n2.93\n1.49\n1.93\n1.27\n6.67\n1.54\n1.32\n1.64\n1.39\n1\n4.98\n2.07\n7.25\n2.35\n2\n4.34\n1.13\n5.27\n93.38\n1.28\n3.19\n1.28\n1\n1.05\n1.07\n2.15\n37.28\n4.89\n1.27\n1.03\n11.41\n3.18\n1.35\n1.42\n1.36\n2.27\n17.83\n1.32\n56.53\n1.24\n4.99\n1.04\n1.22\n43.33\n2.99\n4.32\n3.21\n1.46\n135.55\n1.73\n15.68\n2.03\n1.57\n1.25\n15.7\n1.09\n3.29\n7.68\n2.98\n1.4\n1.79\n4.44\n1.22\n2.64\n1.31\n9.34\n1.17\n1.67\n1.43\n1.44\n1.5\n2.48\n11.41\n1.45\n1.87\n1.17\n2.57\n2.69\n1.52\n10.87\n5.11\n1.22\n1\n1.48\n1.74\n2.83\n1.27\n4.1\n3.02\n1.26\n3.03\n18.31\n3.19\n5.58\n1.11\n1.92\n1.45\n40.35\n1.15\n1.77\n1.95\n7.92\n4.01\n2.14\n1.18\n1.37\n1.26\n1.56\n1.35\n1.3\n1.3\n3.64\n2.19\n10.22\n2.8\n1.67\n1.82\n22.05"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "cec1bbf2879c09b72b7f9d18394c30807472e3c3eb7fe5be", "conversation_index": 3072, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6011, "prompt": " \n**101 conversation starters** for couples\n\n**GARY CHAPMAN**  \n& RAMON PRESSON\n\nNorthfield Publishing  \nCHICAGO\n© 2002, 2012 BY GARY CHAPMAN & RAMON PRESSON\n\nFormerly titled _Love Talks for Couples_  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.  \nTwo entries (#37,#54) first appeared in Ramon Presson, _Soul Care_  \n(Littleton, Colo.: Serendipity House, 2000).  \nCover design: Smartt Guys design  \nCover photo: Steve Cole/iStock  \nInterior design: Julia Ryan / www.DesignByJulia.com  \nGary Chapman photo: David Smith\n\nISBN: 978-0-8024-0837-2\n\nWe hope you enjoy this book from Northfield Publishing. Our goal is to provide high-quality, thought-provoking books and products that connect truth to your real needs and challenges.  \nFor more information on other books and products written and produced from a biblical perspective, go to www.moodypublishers.com or write to:\n\nNorthfield Publishing  \n820 N. LaSalle Boulevard  \nChicago, IL 60610\n\n1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2\n\n_Printed in the United States of America_\n\n# Tips for Using 101 Conversation Starters\n\nYour spouse is a fascinating person, a treasure trove of meaningful, humorous, and profound experiences, thoughts, feelings, ideas, memories, hopes, dreams, beliefs, and convictions. These questions celebrate the depth and wonderful mystery of your mate. Questions invite disclosure, and disclosure launches discovery. Discovery enriches a marriage and builds intimacy. Use the following 101 questions to prompt meaningful, in-depth discussions and to affirm and encourage your spouse.\n\nHere are some ways to use the questions:\n\n• During dinner at home (if you don't have children)\n\n• During a quiet moment in the evening\n\n• At bedtime (if both of you are alert)\n\n• During dinner on a date night\n\n• While in the car during a long drive\n\nWhile the easiest way to proceed through the questions is to use them in the order they are presented, another possibility is that your spouse and you take turns in selecting the questions. We recommend that you do only one or two questions at a time. These questions are like dessert—a small and satisfying portion creates the anticipation for more later. _101 Conversation Starters for Couples_ offers a process to enjoy, not a project to complete.\n\nHave fun with these questions two or three times each week and watch intimacy grow in your marriage.\n\n# Table of Contnets\n\nquestion 1\n\nquestion 2\n\nquestion 3\n\nquestion 4\n\nquestion 5\n\nquestion 6\n\nquestion 7\n\nquestion 8\n\nquestion 9\n\nquestion 10\n\nquestion 11\n\nquestion 12\n\nquestion 13\n\nquestion 14\n\nquestion 15\n\nquestion 16\n\nquestion 17\n\nquestion 18\n\nquestion 19\n\nquestion 20\n\nquestion 21\n\nquestion 22\n\nquestion 23\n\nquestion 24\n\nquestion 25\n\nquestion 26\n\nquestion 27\n\nquestion 28\n\nquestion 29\n\nquestion 30\n\nquestion 31\n\nquestion 32\n\nquestion 33\n\nquestion 34\n\nquestion 35\n\nquestion 36\n\nquestion 37\n\nquestion 38\n\nquestion 39\n\nquestion 40\n\nquestion 41\n\nquestion 42\n\nquestion 43\n\nquestion 44\n\nquestion 45\n\nquestion 46\n\nquestion 47\n\nquestion 48\n\nquestion 49\n\nquestion 50\n\nquestion 51\n\nquestion 52\n\nquestion 53\n\nquestion 54\n\nquestion 55\n\nquestion 56\n\nquestion 57\n\nquestion 58\n\nquestion 59\n\nquestion 60\n\nquestion 61\n\nquestion 62\n\nquestion 63\n\nquestion 64\n\nquestion 65\n\nquestion 66\n\nquestion 67\n\nquestion 68\n\nquestion 69\n\nquestion 70\n\nquestion 71\n\nquestion 72\n\nquestion 73\n\nquestion 74\n\nquestion 75\n\nquestion 76\n\nquestion 77\n\nquestion 78\n\nquestion 79\n\nquestion 80\n\nquestion 81\n\nquestion 82\n\nquestion 83\n\nquestion 84\n\nquestion 85\n\nquestion 86\n\nquestion 87\n\nquestion 88\n\nquestion 89\n\nquestion 90\n\nquestion 91\n\nquestion 92\n\nquestion 93\n\nquestion 94\n\nquestion 95\n\nquestion 96\n\nquestion 97\n\nquestion 98\n\nquestion 99\n\nquestion 100\n\nquestion 101\n\n# [question  \n1](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c01a)\n\nWhat are two things that happened today, and how did you feel about them?\n\n# [question  \n2](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c02a)\n\nWhat were some of your favorite toys as a child? What was your favorite candy?\n\n# [question  \n3](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c03a)\n\nDescribe the home of one or both sets of your grandparents.\n\n# [question  \n4](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c04a)\n\nWhat was something you really wanted but were not allowed to own as a child or teen?\n\n# [question  \n5](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c05a)\n\nDescribe one of your favorite elementary school teachers. Then describe a favorite high school teacher or college professor.\n\n# [question  \n6](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c06a)\n\nAs you were growing up, what was unique about your family as compared to other families in your neighborhood or the families of your friends?\n\n# [question  \n7](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c07a)\n\nWhat was your most serious physical injury as a child or teen?\n\n# [question  \n8](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c08a)\n\nWhat do you remember about learning to drive?\n\n# [question  \n9](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c09a)\n\nCan you recall visiting your parents' workplace?  \nIf so, describe it and how you felt when you went there.\n\n# [question  \n10](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c10a)\n\nComplete this sentence: \"I'm sure my mom and dad wish I would....\"\n\n# [question  \n11](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c11a)\n\nWhat is perhaps the worst movie you have ever seen?\n\n# [question  \n12](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c12a)\n\nWhat tragic news story in the last few years made you particularly sad?\n\n# [question  \n13](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c13a)\n\nWhat was one of the most memorable weddings (other than your own) that you have attended?\n\n# [question  \n14](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c14a)\n\nWhat is something you collected as a child or teen?\n\n# [question  \n15](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c15a)\n\nWhat is a question that you wish you had the courage to ask your mother and/or father?\n\n# [question  \n16](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c16a)\n\nIf you were given five acres of land, where would you want it to be and what would you want to do with it?\n\n# [question  \n17](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c17a)\n\nIf you could own and operate your own business (and be guaranteed of its success), what would it be?\n\n# [question  \n18](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c18a)\n\nIf you do not play a musical instrument, what one do you wish you could play? If you do/did play a musical instrument, do you recall how you chose that particular one?\n\n# [question  \n19](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c19a)\n\nWhat would you say are two of the best concerts you have seen, either in person or on video or film?\n\n# [question  \n20](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c20a)\n\nWhat are two of your all-time favorite movies (or books)?\n\n# [question  \n21](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c21a)\n\nMy mother/father clearly did not understand what was considered cool when she/he bought me....\n\n# [question  \n22](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c22a)\n\nWhat famous person (deceased) would you like to have met?\n\n# [question  \n23](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c23a)\n\nWhich of the following would you find most gratifying?\n\n  earning a PhD\n\n  publishing a bestselling book\n\n  recording an original chart-topping song\n\n  winning an Olympic gold medal\n\n# [question  \n24](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c24a)\n\nIf money and/or child care were no object, what would be your idea of the perfect New Year's Eve?\n\n# [question  \n25](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c25a)\n\nWho is one of the most genuinely spiritual persons you know?\n\n# [question  \n26](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c26a)\n\nHow do you think the world has changed since September 11, 2001?\n\n# [question  \n27](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c27a)\n\nWhich of the following rides would be your first choice?\n\n  a gondola in Venice\n\n  a cab in London\n\n  a Ferrari on the autobahn\n\n  a hot air balloon in Switzerland\n\n  an airboat in the Everglades\n\n  a raft down the Colorado River\n\n  a carriage in Paris\n\n# [question  \n28](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c28a)\n\nWhat is one of your favorite memories that includes snow?\n\n# [question  \n29](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c29a)\n\nWho was your favorite superhero or cartoon character?\n\n# [question  \n30](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c30a)\n\nIf someone could bless you and pass on to you a special ability,\n\nwho would you choose to bless you and with what ability?\n\n# [question  \n31](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c31a)\n\nWho is the most joyful person you know?\n\n# [question  \n32](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c32a)\n\nWho is someone you wish you could infect with a more positive attitude?\n\n# [question  \n33](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c33a)\n\nComplete this sentence: \"It would make me a better person if I were more like you in the way you....\"\n\n# [question  \n34](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c34a)\n\nWhen in your life would you say your self-esteem was the lowest?\n\n# [question  \n35](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c35a)\n\nRecall a time when you were given constructive criticism that proved beneficial.\n\n# [question  \n36](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c36a)\n\nThe lion, beaver, otter, and golden retriever are used to describe four personality types. Which one do you think best describes you?\n\n  Lion: strong, confident, leader, likes to make sure things get done\n\n  Beaver: detail oriented, organized, follows instructions, good with projects\n\n  Otter: very outgoing, enjoys people, humorous, creative\n\n  Golden Retriever: loyal, sensitive, encouraging\n\n# [question  \n37](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c37a)\n\nIf you could hire Martha Stewart for a day, what would you have her do?\n\n# [question  \n38](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c38a)\n\nRegardless of how long I live, I hope I will always....\n\n# [question  \n39](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c39a)\n\n\"It is more blessed to give than to receive.\" Recall a gift that gave you considerable satisfaction in presenting it.\n\n# [question  \n40](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c40a)\n\nDescribe the location and three features of your dream home.\n\n# [question  \n41](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c41a)\n\nWho would you most like to hear one of the following from?\n\n\"I love you.\"\n\n\"I support you.\"\n\n\"I respect you.\"\n\n\"I appreciate you.\"\n\n\"I miss you.\"\n\n\"I trust you.\"\n\n# [question  \n42](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c42a)\n\nIn retrospect, what is something that your parents were wise in doing in raising you?\n\n# [question  \n43](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c43a)\n\nWhat was your most/least favorite subject in school?\n\n# [question  \n44](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c44a)\n\nIf you could take a course in any subject right now at your local college, what type of course would it be?\n\n# [question  \n45](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c45a)\n\nIn what way are you most/least like your mother? How are you most/least like your father?\n\n# [question  \n46](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c46a)\n\nIn Matthew 6:34, Jesus encourages us to live with faith in the present.\n\nWhich is the greater obstacle for you?\n\n  dwelling on the past\n\n  worrying about the future\n\n# [question  \n47](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c47a)\n\nWho was your best friend in junior high school? What did you do together?\n\n# [question  \n48](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c48a)\n\nAs I was growing up, my father was most like\n\n  a coach   a judge\n\n  an historian   a professor\n\n  a preacher   a manager\n\n  a cheerleader\n\n  other______________\n\n# [question  \n49](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c49a)\n\nIf you inherited $200,000 (after taxes), what would you do with the money?\n\n# [question  \n50](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c50a)\n\nName three jobs or careers you are definitely not suited for.\n\n# [question  \n51](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c51a)\n\nDescribe your pediatrician when you were growing up.\n\nWhat do you remember about those doctor visits?\n\n# [question  \n52](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c52a)\n\nConcerning what biblical topic or Bible passage (or verse) do you wish you had a better understanding?\n\n# [question  \n53](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c53a)\n\nWhat do you think that you will want to do in your retirement years?\n\n# [question  \n54](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c54a)\n\nActs 2:42-47 describes a close, caring community. In what setting have you had the greatest experience of genuine fellowship?\n\n  friends at school   job where I worked   sports team\n\n  support group   church-related group\n\n  volunteer organization\n\n  ministry/mission team   fraternity/sorority\n\n  other______________\n\n# [question  \n55](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c55a)\n\nWhat item of clothing in my wardrobe do you really like to see me wear?\n\n# [question  \n56](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c56a)\n\nWhat is a song or piece of music that moves or inspires you?\n\n# [question  \n57](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c57a)\n\nWhat quality or skill that you possess would you find most gratifying to have your child imitate as an adult?\n\n# [question  \n58](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c58a)\n\nIf you could win any competition in the world, what would it be?\n\n# [question  \n59](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c59a)\n\nWhat nonbiblical historical event would you like to have witnessed?\n\n# [question  \n60](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c60a)\n\nName the Old Testament event that you wish you could have witnessed.  \nName the New Testament event (in addition to the resurrection) that you wish you could have witnessed.\n\n# [question  \n61](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c61a)\n\nIn TV's _The Andy Griffith Show_,  \nBarney Fife once told Andy that the biggest purchase he ever made was a septic tank for his parents' wedding anniversary. What gift would you like to give to your parents?\n\n# [question  \n62](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c62a)\n\nWhat is something you thoroughly enjoyed doing as a child and have not done in years?\n\n# [question  \n63](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c63a)\n\nRichard Foster says that our lives are bombarded by hurry, crowds, and noise.  \nWhich of those three has been most bothersome for you lately?\n\n# [question  \n64](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c64a)\n\nComplete this sentence: \"A time that I felt I might be in physical danger was when....\"\n\n# [question  \n65](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c65a)\n\nIn what event would you most like to win an Olympic gold medal?\n\n# [question  \n66](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c66a)\n\nRecall a time when you were disappointed in not being chosen.\n\n# [question  \n67](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c67a)\n\nI wish I could hire ____________  \nto write and record a song from me to you.\n\n# [question  \n68](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c68a)\n\nI think I would crack under the torture if I were forced to listen to only ____________ music all day and could only eat ____________ meals all day.\n\n# [question  \n69](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c69a)\n\nIf we were to adopt a child from another country, which country would it be?\n\n# [question  \n70](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c70a)\n\nAs a couple we make a great team, but it is most unlikely that we would ever team up to....\n\n  win a mixed-doubles tennis championship\n\n  sing a duet\n\n  win a medal in couples figure skating\n\n  be co-leaders (main speakers) of a nationally televised marriage seminar\n\n  compete in a ballroom dancing competition\n\n  operate a bed & breakfast\n\n  co-author a book entitled _Stress-Free Parenting_\n\n# [question  \n71](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c71a)\n\nImagine that your internal dashboard has a spiritual passion gauge on it. What is your present reading?\n\nE _______\n\n¼ _______\n\n½ _______\n\n¾ _______\n\nF _______\n\n# [question  \n72](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c72a)\n\nWhat is the worst or most unusual job interview you ever had?\n\n# [question  \n73](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c73a)\n\nThe circus act that most reminds me of my job is....\n\n# [question  \n74](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c74a)\n\nWhat is your most/least favorite trait in others?\n\n# [question  \n75](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c75a)\n\nWhat kind of race best describes your last seven days?\n\n  BOSTON MARATHON _It seemed to last forever_.\n\n  TOUR DE FRANCE _I was pedaling uphill as fast as I could_.\n\n  KENTUCKY DERBY _I worked for so long on something that was over so quickly_.\n\n  INDIANAPOLIS 500 _I went round and round, and I'm right where I started_.\n\n  IRONMAN TRIATHLON _I endured a week full of job, family, and church activities_.\n\n  24 HOURS OF LE MANS _Sleep? What's that?_\n\n  HUNDRED-METER HIGH HURDLES _All I did was sprint and navigate obstacles_.\n\n  DEMOLITION DERBY _I feel beat up_.\n\n# [question  \n76](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c76a)\n\nTalk about your early experiences with someone of another race or nationality.\n\n# [question  \n77](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c77a)\n\nDescribe a summer camp experience.\n\n# [question  \n78](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c78a)\n\nWhat is your favorite animated film?\n\n# [question  \n79](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c79a)\n\nWhen you were growing up, where did your family go on vacations? Describe one of those vacations.\n\n# [question  \n80](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c80a)\n\nCan you remember a time when you got lost or separated from your family or companions? Describe what happened and how you felt.\n\n# [question  \n81](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c81a)\n\nRecall a time when you got sick at a very inopportune time.\n\n# [question  \n81](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c81a)\n\nWhat high school or college course would you rather flee the country than be forced to take again?\n\n# [question  \n83](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c83a)\n\nCan you recall a first date during which you immediately knew there would not be a second date?\n\n# [question  \n84](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c84a)\n\nSelect and describe a couple who were friends with your parents when you were growing up.\n\n# [question  \n85](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c85a)\n\nRecall a childhood memory about one of the following:\n\n• playing in a creek\n\n• playing in a tree house\n\n• catching fireflies\n\n• running a lemonade stand\n\n• pretending to be a superhero\n\n• a slumber party or sleepover\n\n• jumping off the high dive\n\n# [question  \n86](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c86a)\n\nDescribe your parents' reaction on the day you moved out or left for college.\n\n# [question  \n87](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c87a)\n\nRecall something special about your high school or college graduation.\n\n# [question  \n88](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c88a)\n\nWhat is your favorite scene from your favorite movie?\n\n# [question  \n89](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c89a)\n\nI thought it was one of the coolest items in my wardrobe at the time, but today I'm not sure I'd even wear it to a costume party. What is it?\n\n# [question  \n90](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c90a)\n\nSomething I wanted to quit but my parents wouldn't let me was....\n\n# [question  \n91](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c91a)\n\nJoseph's brothers sold him into slavery. If you have siblings, what was one of the meanest things done to you by a brother or sister? If you are an only child, what was one of the meanest things done to you by a friend?\n\n# [question  \n92](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c92a)\n\nDescribe someone you encountered recently who probably needs God in his or her life.\n\n# [question  \n93](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c93a)\n\nIf you were offered the opportunity to be one of the contestants on _Survivor_, would you do it? If yes, what do you imagine would be the hardest thing for you to cope with?\n\n# [question  \n94](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c94a)\n\nOne of the descendants of King Saul was named Mephibosheth. Do you like your first name? If you could choose another first name for yourself, what would it be?\n\n# [question  \n95](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c95a)\n\nIn the movie _The Karate Kid_, young Daniel is befriended by an old Japanese man who teaches him karate, but more importantly offers him kindness and encouragement. Name an older person who blessed you with kindness and encouragement.\n\n# [question  \n96](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c96a)\n\nWhat is one of your favorite stories that your parents tell about you?\n\n# [question  \n97](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c97a)\n\nIn the movie _Groundhog Day_, Bill Murray kept waking up only to repeat the same day over and over again. What recent day would you not want to repeat?\n\n# [question  \n98](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c98a)\n\nWhat old photograph of yourself makes you really laugh or cringe in embarrassment?\n\n# [question  \n99](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c99a)\n\nRecall something about exchanging valentines when you were in elementary school.\n\n# [question  \n100](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c100a)\n\nCongratulations! Your boss just gave everyone a spring break. Where do you want to go?\n\n# [question  \n101](9780802483560_epub_toc_r1.htm#c101a)\n\nWhat is something that occurred this past year that you are especially thankful for?\n\n# _More Resources on_  \nTHE 5 LOVE LANGUAGES®\n\nThe 5 Love Languages®—Gift Edition  \nThe 5 Love Languages®  \nThe 5 Love Languages® Men's Edition\n\nVISIT 5LOVELANGUAGES.COM\n\n# _More Resources on_  \nTHE 5 LOVE LANGUAGES®\n\nThe 5 Love Languages® of Children  \nThe 5 Love Languages® of Teenagers  \nThe Five Love Languages® Singles Edition  \nGod Speaks Your Love Language\n\nVISIT 5LOVELANGUAGES.COM\n\n# _More Resources on_  \nTHE 5 LOVE LANGUAGES®\n\nLearning your love language—and that of your spouse, teen, and child—might be the easiest and most important thing you ever learn. The assessments featured at www.5lovelanguages.com make it easy to discover your love language. Simply take one of our short profiles and find out how you and your loved one express and interpret love.\n\nRight away, you can make a concerted effort to speak his or her primary language. It might not come naturally, but even the effort will be appreciated.\n\nThis dynamic site is also full of other helpful features—links to other resources, free stuff, upcoming events, podcasts, video, and more—all designed to encourage you and strengthen your relationships. We want to help you feel loved, and to effectively communicate love to others.\n\n**VISIT 5LOVELANGUAGES.COM**\n\n\nWhat does the author say is the greatest obstacle for most people - dwelling on the past or worrying about the future?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "3f5e6b5fe4ff1e3dd410a32f900187e50b7e730e45d472cd", "conversation_index": 5341, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 9623, "prompt": "Multi-Camera Multi-Object Tracking on the Move via\nSingle-Stage Global Association Approach\n\nPha Nguyen1\n\nKha Gia Quach\n\nChi Nhan Duong\n\nSon Lam Phung\n\nNgan Le\n\nKhoa Luu\n\nIntroduction\n\nObject detection and tracking have become two of the most critical tasks in autonomous vehicles (AV). Recent developments in deep learning methods have dramatically boosted the performance of object understanding and tracking in autonomous driving applications.\n\nSample of multi-view captured via a multi-camera setup on a vehicle from nuScenes.\n\n[fig:sample_nuscenes_a]\n\nFirst row: the object detector KM3D fails to detect partial objects in one camera but can detect them in another. Second row: The detector fails to detect objects in both cameras. Third row: the SC-MOT method DEFT fragments a global object ID into many local IDs when it moves across cameras. The green arrow indicates the true-positive detection sample; the red arrows indicate false-negative detection and tracking samples.\n\n[fig:sample_nuscenes_b]\n\nThe object tracking problem in AVs is far apart from multiple camera multiple object tracking (MC-MOT) in surveillance settings where cameras are stationary, i.e., their positions are fixed, but their poses may change in PTZ cameras cases. For clarity, MC-MOT in surveillance settings is referred to as static MC-MOT and MC-MOT in AVs as dynamic MC-MOT on-the-move since cameras are moving with the vehicle. Other works consider tracking the activities of people from multiple moving cameras, where the movements are subtle with large overlapping regions between cameras. In contrast, our camera setting in this paper contains large movements and small overlapping regions between cameras as the traveling car passes by other objects. Such a setup with some redundancy, i.e., certain overlapping fields-of-view, presents some new challenges for MOT to work with 3D object detectors to track objects and maintain the stability of predictions across video frames in multiple views.\n\nAs a result, camera-based tracking methods in the current leaderboard of autonomous driving datasets, e.g., nuScenes and Waymo, appear to be using only single-camera settings. However, the datasets were collected in multi-camera settings as shown in [fig:sample_nuscenes_a]. Thus, this work aims to use redundant data to improve detection and tracking performance.\n\nIn the MC-MOT settings, traditional two-stage approaches track objects on each camera independently, i.e., single-camera tracking (SCT), then link-local tracklets across cameras via global matching steps based on Re-ID features. Applying such a two-stage approach to dynamic MC-MOT settings on AVs leads to a problem with the global matching that relies on complicated graph structures to assign a global ID to all detection. In addition, this approach cannot handle scenarios when the detector fails to detect objects from one of the cameras. Moreover, it requires additional steps to merge many local IDs, as shown in Fig. [fig:sample_nuscenes_b]. Therefore, there are better solutions than using SCT multiple times.\n\nContributions of this Work\n\nThis work presents a single-stage MC-MOT approach directly using the outputs of an object detector as the inputs instead of SCT trajectories. To achieve this goal, we mathematically reformulate association steps in static MC-MOT into a single global association step as a one-to-many assignment problem to match one target, i.e., tracked objects in the world coordinate, with multiple detection, i.e., objects appear in multi-camera overlapping regions. This assignment can be solved efficiently via our proposed Fractional Optimal Transport Assignment (FOTA) method. Moreover, since this assignment problem can be defined in both the traditional track-by-detection scheme and the more recent track-by-attention scheme, we demonstrate its ability in both our proposed Single-Stage Global Assignment (SAGA) schemes as SAGA-Track and SAGA-TrackNet, respectively. Evaluate proposed methods with a comprehensive evaluation criterion to demonstrate their robustness compared to previous frameworks. The proposed method reduces the IDSwitch error from 3,807 to 870 and improves the tracking performance by up to 6.4% on the nuScenes Test Set benchmark.\n\nRelated Work\n\nThe MOT problem on AVs has recently received much attention in the research community. Recent methods in static MC-MOT settings have been reviewed in, while dynamic MC-MOT settings are still an open research area. The most recent work reviewed in this section is focused on the assignment or association formulation in SC-MOT and static MC-MOT.\n\nAssignment in SC-MOT. While many works calculated the assignment costs between tracklets and detection by using some distance measurements over deep features or locations, some approaches directly computed the similarity scores. Xiang et al. built a bipartite graph over the affinity computed by the LSTM as edge cost and solved the association by the Hungarian algorithm. Ran et al. proposed a Pose-based Triple Stream Network to extract three kinds of similarity scores, i.e., appearance, motion, and interaction, and then fuse the average strategy into a final similarity score in a bipartite graph by the greedy match algorithm.\n\nAssignment in Static MC-MOT. He et al. constructed a global similarity matrix from local tracklets in all single views and then estimated targets’ trajectory by offline performing Matrix Factorization. Ristani and Tomasi solved the ID assignment task by correlation clustering, then executed interpolation and elimination to fill the gap and filter indecisive tracks. Quach et al. proposed a dynamic graph to transform pre-computed Re-ID features into new context-aware ID features. Hence it performs better clustering and yields more accurate results. Yoon et al. maintained a set of track hypotheses all the time by the Multiple Hypothesis Tracking algorithms and also reduced the excess by introducing a gating mechanism for tree pruning. Zhang et al. utilized the Re-Ranking algorithm on the global cost matrix to cluster IDs. However, directly applying these approaches to the dynamic setting on AVs suffers from a significant real-time performance decrease, computation complexity, and domain irrelevance. Therefore, several methods to solve object tracking on the fly have been proposed, as referred to in the following parts.\n\nUsing Motion Models. Weng et al. proposed a simple yet effective baseline to utilize a classic state estimator (the Kalman Filter) for tracking 3D bounding boxes. These bounding boxes can be obtained from a point cloud object detector or an image-based object detector. Chiu et al. improved the Kalman Filter tracking system using the Mahalanobis distance between the predicted states and observations. The method is reasonably effective in filtering outliers and handling partially and fully occluded objects.\n\nUsing Appearance Models. Zhou et al.’s approaches are widely used for single-camera tracking. These approaches simplify the tracking procedure by treating objects as points, which usually involves many computationally intensive steps from detection to assigning object ID. Hu et al. estimated robust 3D box information from 2D images and adopted 3D box-reordering and LSTM as a motion module to link objects across frames.\n\nUsing Hybrid Approaches. Chaabane et al. trained the object detection and the object association task simultaneously by adding a feature extractor and a matching head after the object detector. In addition, an LSTM instead of a Kalman Filter is used for motion prediction. Yin et al. followed a similar process but performed feature extraction on point cloud maps.\n\nUsing Modern Approaches. Graph Neural Network, Self-Attention, and Transformer have led to a new learning-from-context paradigm. This paradigm has attracted considerable research attention recently because of its promising performance in a wide range of tasks from natural language processing to computer vision. A limited number of these methods have been applied for dynamic MC-MOT in autonomous vehicles, apart from many SC-MOT approaches. Weng et al. proposed the first feature interaction method that leverages a Graph Neural Network to adapt features from one object to another individual. Meinhardt et al. proposed a new tracking-by-attention paradigm (compared to the existing tracking-by-regression, tracking-by-detection, and tracking-by-segmentation) to deal with occlusions and determine the tracker’s Spatio-temporal correspondences. Sun et al. utilized the Query-Key mechanism to perform joint detection-and-tracking and disentangle complex components in previous tracking systems.\n\nCompared to these prior works, the critical difference in our approach is that it uses a world coordinate system in AVs multi-camera system to solve the global one-to-many association step. It is possible by matching one tracked object with multiple detection. Thus, it eliminates the need for another association step, i.e., using Re-ID, and reduces the effort of adopting several empirical rules and heuristics to handle overlapping FOVs.\n\nOur Proposed Method\n\nThis section presents the proposed dynamic MC-MOT approaches with a one-to-many global assignment method.\n\nProblem Definition\n\nGiven video frames from $K$ cameras at the $t$-th time step, denoted by the set ${\\mathcal{I}^{(t)}=\\{I_1^{(t)},\\dots, I_k^{(t)}\\dots,I_K^{(t)}\\}}$, MC-MOT system provides a set of detected objects $\\mathcal{O}^{(t)} = \\{ \\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)}\\}$ associated with their identities. Object bounding boxes and classes can be predicted using an object detector given each frame in $\\mathcal{I}^{(t)}$ separately. The identities of objects are obtained by associating with tracklets, i.e., a set of bounding boxes with a track ID $i$ as $\\mathcal{T}_i = \\{ \\mathbf{tr}^{(t_1)}_{i}, \\mathbf{tr}^{(t_2)}_{i}, \\cdots \\}$. Objects detected on each camera and track are represented by 3D bounding boxes in world coordinates. Note that tracklets are shared across cameras and are often referred to as a global track ID. During $T$ frames of a video sequence, the sub-sequence of $(t_1, t_2, \\cdots)$ is the time steps when the tracked object appears within the camera views. Each track $\\mathbf{tr}^{(t)}_{i}$ is estimated using a motion model from the previous frame $t-1$ and then updated with the detection of the corresponding tracked objects as follows, $$\\footnotesize \\begin{split} \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i} &= \\mathcal{M}_{\\text{pred}} (\\mathbf{tr}^{(t - 1)}_{i}) \\\\ \\mathbf{tr}^{(t)}_{i} &= \\mathcal{M}_{\\text{update}} (\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}, \\mathbf{o}^{(t)}[i]) \\end{split}$$ $$\\footnotesize \\text{where } \\mathbf{o}^{(t)} [i] = \\begin{cases} \\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_{j} & \\text{if detected object } \\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_{j} \\text{ associates with the $i$-th tracklet}\\\\ \\varnothing & \\text{if no object } \\text{ associates with the $i$-th tracklet} \\end{cases}$$ Here, $\\mathcal{M}_{\\text{pred}}$ is a function or a network to predict the following location of the track based on the motion model, and $\\mathcal{M}_{\\text{update}}$ is a function to update the location of the track in the current time step $t$. In this paper, we use two different motion models, i.e., linear Kalman Filter and Non-linear Transfomer-based Network. To know which detected object $j$ is being used to update the corresponding tracklet $i$. Each detection is then assigned to a tracklet based on a matching algorithm with a cost function. It also determines whether the detection is a new or existing object from the previous frame. Generally, the cost functions to match detection with tracklets can be defined as in Eqn. [eq:cijk]. $$\\label{eq:cijk} \\footnotesize c_{ij} = \\mathcal{C}_{\\text{match}} [i, j] =d\\left(\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}, \\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\right)$$ where $d(\\cdot, \\cdot)$ is the distance between the detected and tracked objects. Several distance metrics can be adopted for $d(\\cdot, \\cdot)$ such as Mahalanobis distance implemented in, 2D or 3D GIoU.\n\n$$\\label{eq:mahalanobis} \\footnotesize d_{\\text{Mahalanobis}} \\left(\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}, \\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\right) = \\sqrt{(\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} - \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i})^{T} {\\mathbf{S}^{(t)}}^{-1} (\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} - \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i})},$$ $$\\label{eq:g_iou} \\footnotesize d_{\\text{GIoU}} \\left(\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}, \\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\right) = 1 - \\left(\\frac{|\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\cap \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}|}{|\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\cup \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}|} - \\frac{|\\mathbf{cv}^{(t)}_{ij} \\setminus (\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)} \\cup \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i})|}{|\\mathbf{cv}^{(t)}_{ij}|}\\right),$$\n\nHere, $\\mathbf{S}^{(t)}$ is the covariance that represents the uncertainty of the predicted object state as implemented in. In addition, $\\mathbf{cv}^{(t)}_{ij}$ is the smallest enclosing convex shape of $\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)}$ and $\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}$. Note that multi-view geometry is implicitly applied when we compute the distance metrics above.\n\nSingle-Stage Global Assignment Tracking Approach (SAGA-Track)\n\nWith the cost matrix defined above, the assignment algorithm has to assign the detected objects to the correct tracklets. To assign detection to tracklets, a straightforward approach is to pool all detection and tracks into two corresponding sets and perform an one-to-one matching algorithm, i.e., Hungarian algorithm, based on a cost matrix similar to the SC-MOT case. However, in dynamic MC-MOT settings, one object can appear in several cameras simultaneously due to camera overlapping. That means two or more detected objects $\\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_{j}$ in different cameras should be matched to one tracklet $\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}$ only. Therefore, the one-to-one matching algorithm cannot handle detection from multiple cameras put together as only one instance of an object in a camera can be matched to the target tracklet causing the remaining detection of that object in other cameras to be unmatched. These unmatched instances may create new tracklets during the tracking process, and a second association step is needed to connect them. It is referred to as the global baseline association in our experiments.\n\nTo further equip a tracking system with the capability of tracking multiple instances of the same objects in different cameras, we propose to cast this assignment process to a distribution matching task where tracklets and all detected objects at $t$-th time step can be formed into two distributions. Formally, let $\\mathcal{X} = \\{ \\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}\\}_{i=1}^N$ and $\\mathcal{Y} = \\{ \\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_j\\}_{j=1}^M$ be the sets of $N$ current tracklets and $M$ detected objects from all $K$ cameras at the $t$-th time step. Let $\\mathbf{p}$ and $\\mathbf{q}$ be the empirical distributions defined over $\\mathcal{X}$ and $\\mathcal{Y}$, respectively. The set of all possible couplings $\\Pi (\\mathbf{p}, \\mathbf{q})$ to transport the mass, i.e., number of object entities, from $\\mathcal{X}$ to $\\mathcal{Y}$ is defined as in Eqn. [eqn:TrackletObjCoupling]. $$\\label{eqn:TrackletObjCoupling} \\footnotesize \\Pi (\\mathbf{p}, \\mathbf{q}) = \\begin{cases} & \\boldsymbol{\\pi} \\in \\mathbb{R}_+^{|\\mathbf{p}| \\times |\\mathbf{q}|}: \\\\ & \\boldsymbol{\\pi}\\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{q}|} \\leq \\mathbf{p}, \\boldsymbol{\\pi}^{\\top}\\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{p}|} \\leq \\mathbf{q},\\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{p}|}^{\\top} \\boldsymbol{\\pi} \\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{q}|} = s \\end{cases} \\Bigg\\}$$ where $\\pi_{ij}$ denotes the amount of a mass $p_i$ at $\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}$ being associated with the mass $q_j$ at $\\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_j$. The inequality in Eqn. [eqn:TrackletObjCoupling] indicates the possibility of fractional entities being matched between the two distributions as (1) one tracklet in $\\mathcal{X}$ can associate with no detection (i.e., the tracked object does not appear in all cameras) or many detections (i.e., the tracked object appears in many cameras); and (2) one detection in $\\mathcal{Y}$ can be assigned to zero or one tracklet in $\\mathcal{X}$. Moreover, different from the standard Optimal Transport (OT) based approach where the two distributions are required to have the same total probability mass, i.e., $||\\mathbf{p}||_1 = ||\\mathbf{q}||_1$, and all the mass has to be transported. Eqn. [eqn:TrackletObjCoupling] focuses on transporting only a fraction $s$ of the mass between two distributions. Thus, we named this approach as Fractional OT Assignment (FOTA).\n\nLet $\\mathbf{C}=(c_{i,j})$ be the transportation cost matrix where $c_{i,j}$ measures a cost to associate from $\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}^{(t)}_{i}$ to $\\mathbf{o}^{(t)}_j$. The proposed FOTA addresses the problem of finding the best assignment solution $\\pi$ that minimizes the transportation cost between two distributions: $$\\label{eq:optimal_transport} \\footnotesize \\min_{\\boldsymbol{\\pi} \\in \\Pi(\\mathbf{p}, \\mathbf{q})} \\langle \\mathbf{C}, \\boldsymbol{\\pi}\\rangle_F = \\min_{\\boldsymbol{\\pi} \\in \\Pi(\\mathbf{p}, \\mathbf{q})} \\sum_{i}^N \\sum_{j}^M c_{ij}\\pi_{ij}$$ To address the constraints of only transporting a fraction $s$ of mass in Eqn. [eqn:TrackletObjCoupling], we propose attaching one more row and column in the cost matrix to handle the mass difference between two distributions as in Eqn. [eq:extend_cost]. $$\\label{eq:extend_cost} \\footnotesize \\bar{\\mathbf{C}} = \\begin{bmatrix} \\mathbf{C} & \\mathcal{E} \\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{q}|} \\\\ \\mathcal{E} \\mathbb{1}_{|\\mathbf{p}|}^{\\top} & 2\\mathcal{E} + \\max(\\mathbf{C}) \\\\ \\end{bmatrix}$$ where $\\mathcal{E}$ is a scalar for the bound. If we set the mass of the additional track and object as $p_{N+1} = \\| \\mathbf{q} \\|_1 - s$ and $q_{M+1} = \\| \\mathbf{p} \\|_1 - s$, finding the best assignment solution $\\pi$ can be reduced to an unconstrained problem $\\min_{\\bar{\\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\in \\Pi(\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}, \\bar{\\mathbf{q}})} \\langle \\bar{\\mathbf{C}}, \\bar{ \\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\rangle_F$, where $\\bar{\\mathbf{p}} = [\\mathbf{p}, \\| \\mathbf{q} \\|_1 - s]$ and ${\\bar{\\mathbf{q}} = [\\mathbf{q}, \\| \\mathbf{p} \\|_1 - s]}$.\n\nSolving the One-to-many Assignment. From the above formula for the Optimal Transport-based Assignment problem in Eqn. [eq:optimal_transport], one can solve it in polynomial time as it is a linear program. However, when there are multiple detected objects and tracklets, the resulting linear program can be large. This issue can be addressed by a fast iterative solution named Sinkhorn-Knopp, which converts the optimization target in Eqn. [eq:optimal_transport] into a non-linear but convex form by adding a regularization term $E$ as in Eqn. [eq:ot_reg]. $$\\label{eq:ot_reg} \\footnotesize \\min_{\\bar{\\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\in \\Pi(\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}, \\bar{\\mathbf{q}})} \\sum_{i}^N \\sum_{j}^M c_{ij} \\pi_{ij} + \\gamma E\\left( \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} \\right)$$ where $E( \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} ) = \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} ( \\log(\\bar{\\pi}_{ij}) - 1)$. Here, $\\gamma$ is a constant regularization term. The constraint optimization target in Eqn. [eq:ot_reg] can be converted to a non-constraint target using the Lagrange Multiplier method as in Eqn. [eq:Lagrange]. $$\\begin{aligned} \\label{eq:Lagrange} \\footnotesize \\min_{\\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}} \\in \\Pi(\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}, \\bar{\\mathbf{q}})} \\sum_{i}^N \\sum_{j}^M c_{ij} \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} + \\gamma E\\left( \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} \\right) + \\alpha_j \\left( \\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}}^{\\top}\\mathbb{1}_{|\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}|} - \\bar{\\mathbf{q}} \\right) + \\beta_i \\left( \\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}}\\mathbb{1}_{|\\bar{\\mathbf{q}}|} - \\bar{\\mathbf{p}} \\right)\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\alpha_j(j = 1,2,...M)$ and $\\beta_i(i = 1,2,...,N)$ are Lagrange multipliers. By letting the derivatives of the optimization target equal 0, the optimal plan $\\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}}^{\\star}$ is resolved as: $$\\footnotesize \\bar{\\pi}^{\\star}_{ij} = \\exp \\left( -\\frac{\\alpha_j}{\\gamma} \\right) \\exp \\left(-\\frac{c_{ij}}{\\gamma} \\right) \\exp \\left( -\\frac{\\beta_i}{\\gamma} \\right)$$ Let $u_j = \\exp \\left( -\\frac{\\alpha_j}{\\gamma} \\right), v_i = \\exp \\left( -\\frac{\\beta_i}{\\gamma} \\right), \\mathbf{W}[i,j] = \\exp \\left(-\\frac{c[i,j]}{\\gamma} \\right)$, the following constraints can be enforced: $$\\footnotesize \\sum_i \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} = u_j \\left( \\sum_i \\mathbf{W}[i,j] v_i \\right) = \\| \\bar{\\mathbf{q}} \\|_1$$ $$\\footnotesize \\sum_j \\bar{\\pi}_{ij} = \\left( u_j \\sum_i \\mathbf{W}[i,j] \\right) v_i = \\| \\bar{\\mathbf{p}} \\|_1$$ To constraint these two equations simultaneously, one can calculate $v_i$ and $u_j$ by alternately updating the following: $$\\label{eq:sinkhorn_iteration} \\footnotesize u_j^{t+1} = \\frac{\\| \\bar{\\mathbf{q}} \\|_1}{\\sum_i \\mathbf{W}[i, j] v_i^t}, v_i^{t+1} = \\frac{ \\| \\bar{\\mathbf{p}} \\|_1}{\\sum_j \\mathbf{W}[i, j] u_j^{t+1}}$$ Eqn. [eq:sinkhorn_iteration] is also known as the Sinkhorn-Knopp Iteration updating equations. After repeating this iteration $T$ times, the approximate optimal plan $\\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}}^\\star$ can be obtained: $$\\label{eq:sinkhorn_iteration_final} \\footnotesize \\boldsymbol{\\bar{\\pi}}^\\star = \\text{diag}(v) \\mathbf{W} \\text{ diag}(u)$$ where $\\gamma$ and $T$ are empirically set to 0.1 and 50.\n\n[fig:saga_track]\n\nIn summary, as shown in Fig. [fig:saga_track], SAGA-Track with a multi-camera matching algorithm is performed in the following steps:\n\n 1. Estimating the next location of the track $\\mathbf{tr}_i^{(t-1)}$ using motion model, e.g., Kalman filter.\n\n 2. Computing world-coordinate-based distance metrics between $\\hat{\\mathbf{tr}}_i^{(t)}$ and $\\mathbf{o}_{j}^{(t)}$.\n\n 3. Solving One-to-many FOTA assignments as in Eqn. [eq:sinkhorn_iteration_final].\n\n 4. Updating $i$-th tracklet $\\mathbf{tr}_i^{(t)}$ based on assigned objects.\n\nIn addition to the proposed track-by-detection scheme for multi-camera, we introduce a novel end-to-end framework including detector, motion model, tracker, and assignment steps in a single model in the next section 3.3. This end-to-end framework can be fully aware of objects’ movement globally rather than taking pre-computed detection as SAGA-Track.\n\nEnd-to-end Learning MC-MOT via FOTA Loss\n\nIn this section, we further leverage the proposed FOTA into the design of the end-to-end learning network for MC-MOT, named SAGA-TrackNet.\n\nOur proposed architecture consists of an encoder, two decoders, and a box-matching layer. The one-to-many assignment algorithm is implemented to provide the final tracking results from detection and tracked boxes as in Fig. [fig:framework].\n\nModel Structure\n\nThe SAGA-TrackNet structure is based on transformer encoder, and decoder tracking frameworks and contains multi-head attention layers. These layers can be self-attention or cross-attention, i.e., keys and queries are the same or different.\n\nEncoder. Features of the current and previous frame from a camera are extracted by a backbone CNN network, e.g., Resnet-50, and stacked together with other cameras. Features of the previous frame were saved to avoid re-computation. The encoder of SAGA-TrackNet then encodes those feature maps into keys for being used in the following decoders.\n\nObject Decoder. To detect new objects on each camera, the model takes multiple sets of learnable parameters, named object queries, as a set of objects of interest in the images to match with keys, i.e., the feature maps generated by the encoder, and provides the outputs as \"detected boxes.\"\n\nTrack Decoder and Matching. Simultaneously, the model takes tracked objects in the previous frames as the track query to infer the location of the corresponding tracked objects in the current frame and provides \"tracked boxes.\" It is performed using the decoder block as it learns object motion similar to the Kalman filter. We can also utilize this Track Decoder block as a motion model to refine any off-the-shelf 3D object detectors by treating the track queries as placeholders and feeding detector predictions to this block. The motion modeling ablative study is further discussed in Subsection 4.3. During testing, the matching layer then performs the association of detected objects and tracked objects via FOTA. During training, a set prediction loss is computed for all $M + N$ output predictions in two steps: (a) loss for detecting object at frame $t - 1$ using $M$ object queries; (b) loss for tracking objects from (a) and detecting new objects at frame $t$ with all $M$ object queries and $N$ track queries from the frame $t - 1$. This prediction loss, computed based on the assignment obtained from FOTA between ground truth and prediction, is described in the following Subsection 3.3.2.\n\nModel Training\n\nThis section presents the procedure for training our proposed end-to-end learning networks. Training Data. We train our proposed SAGA-TrackNet on a large-scale dataset, i.e., nuScenes, a training set with 750 scenes of 20s each, and use its validation set for our ablation study. Each training sample contains a chunk size of two consecutive frames from a training sequence.\n\nFOTA Loss for Modeling Training. To compute this loss function, we also need to compute the assignment $\\pi_{ij}$ between one of the ground-truth tracks $\\mathcal{T}^{\\star}_i$ or background to the joint set of object and track query predictions $\\hat{\\mathbf{o}}_j^{(t)}$. Similar to the OT-based assignment described in Subsection 3.2, the assignment is computed based cost matrix using a pre-defined distance between bounding boxes. Let us denote $G^{(t)} \\subset G$ as the subset of ground-truth track ID at time step $t$. Then we assign each detection from step (a) to its corresponding ground-truth track ID $i$ from the set $G^{(t-1)} \\subset G$. These two sets are explicitly assigned to the ground-truth objects in frame $t$ as $G^{(t)} \\cap G^{(t-1)}$. Another set of ground-truth track ID is $G^{(t)} \\backslash G^{(t-1)}$, which includes tracks not visible at time $t$. The last set is the new object not yet being tracked ground-truth objects, i.e., new objects, as $G^{(t - 1)} \\backslash G^{(t)}$ to be matched with $M$ object queries.\n\n$$\\footnotesize \\min_{\\bar{\\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\in \\Pi(\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}, \\bar{\\mathbf{q}})} \\langle \\bar{\\mathbf{C}}, \\bar{ \\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\rangle_F = \\underset{\\bar{\\boldsymbol{\\pi}} \\in \\Pi(\\bar{\\mathbf{p}}, \\bar{\\mathbf{q}})}{\\min} \\overset{N}{\\underset{i=1}{\\sum}} \\overset{M}{\\underset{j=1}{\\sum}} c_{ij} \\pi_{ij}$$ Using a similar extension as in Eqn. [eq:extend_cost], the cost matrix $\\mathbf{C}$ can now be defined as in Eqn. [eq:CC]. $$\\label{eq:CC} \\footnotesize \\mathbf{C} = ( c_{ij} ) = -\\hat{p}_{\\pi_{ij}}(\\text{cls}_i) + \\mathcal{C}_{\\text{box}} \\left(\\mathcal{T}_{i}^{\\star(t)}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}^{(t)}_{j} \\right)$$ where $\\text{cls}_i$ is the class id of the object and $\\mathcal{C}_{\\text{box}}$ term penalizes bounding box differences by a linear combination of a $\\ell_1$ distance and a Generalized Intersection over Union as defined in Eqn. [eq:g_iou], $$\\footnotesize \\mathcal{C}_{\\text{box}} = \\lambda_{\\ell_1} \\| \\mathcal{T}_{i}^{\\star(t)} - \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}^{(t)}_{j} \\|_1 + \\lambda_{GIoU} \\mathcal{C}_{GIoU} \\left(\\mathcal{T}_{i}^{\\star(t)}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}^{(t)}_{j} \\right)$$ We use set prediction loss to measure the set of predictions for $M$ detection and $N$ tracklets compared with ground-truth tracks in terms of classification and location (bounding boxes). Set-based loss is based on the optimal bipartite matching (described in Sections 3.2 and 3.3) between $M$ detection and ground-truth objects while $N$ tracklets will be matched with boxes from previous frames. The final MC-MOT set prediction loss is defined as in Eqn. [eq:cbox]. $$\\label{eq:cbox} \\small \\mathcal{L}_{\\text{MC-MOT}} (\\mathcal{T}^{\\star}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}^{(t)}, \\boldsymbol{\\pi}) = \\overset{M + N}{\\underset{j=1}{\\sum}} \\mathcal{L}_{\\text{query}} (\\mathcal{T}^{\\star}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}_j^{(t)}, \\boldsymbol{\\pi})$$ The output predictions that do not match any ground-truth tracks will be assigned to the background class $\\text{cls}_i = 0$. We indicate the ground-truth track matched with prediction $i$ by $\\pi_{ij} = 1$ and define the loss per query as in Eqn. [eq:lquery]. $$\\label{eq:lquery} \\footnotesize \\mathcal{L}_{\\text{query}} \\left( \\mathcal{T}^{\\star}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}_j^{(t)}, \\boldsymbol{\\pi} \\right) = \\begin{cases} -\\hat{p}_{\\pi_{ij}}(\\text{cls}_i) +\\mathcal{L}_{\\text{box}} \\left(\\mathcal{T}_{i}^{\\star(t)}, \\hat{\\mathbf{o}}^{(t)}_{j} \\right) & \\text{if } \\pi_{ij} = 1 \\\\ -\\hat{p}_{\\pi_{ij}}(0) & \\text{if } \\pi_{ij} = 0 \\\\ \\end{cases}$$ where $\\mathcal{L}_{box}$ is the combination of the $\\ell_1$ loss and the generalized Intersection over Union (IoU) for 3D boxes.\n\nModel Inference\n\nDuring testing, SAGA-TrackNet performs feature encoding, object decoding, and track decoding, then one-to-many matching for two consecutive frames from all cameras. The output features from the backbone network are stored in combination with the subsequent frames. We also keep tracked objects alive and allow them to rebirth to handle occlusion or disappearing quickly.\n\nExperimental Results\n\nIn this section, we detail the benchmark datasets and metrics in Subsection 4.1. Then, the setups for all experiments and the ablation study will be presented in Subsection 4.2 and 4.3 respectively. The comparisons with the SOTA methods will be detailed in Subsection 4.4 on a large-scale Tracking Challenge, i.e. nuScenes Vision Track.\n\nBenchmark Datasets and Metrics\n\nnuScenes2 Dataset is one of the large-scale datasets for Autonomous Driving with 3D object annotations. It contains 1,000 videos of 20-second shots in a setup of 6 cameras, i.e. 3 front and 3 rear ones, with a total of 1.4M images. It also provides 1.4M manually annotated 3D bounding boxes of 23 object classes based on LiDAR data. This dataset has an official split of 700, 150, and 150 videos for training, validation, and testing, respectively.\n\nThe proposed method is evaluated using both detection and tracking metrics described in.\n\nDetection Metrics. A commonly used metric, i.e. Mean Average Precision (mAP), is defined as a match using a 2D center distance on the ground plane instead of intersection over union cost for nuScenes detection challenges.\n\nSimilarly, other motion-related metrics are also defined in nuScenes, such as Average Translation Error (ATE) measuring Euclidean center distance in 2D in meters, Average Scale Error (ASE) computing as $1 - IOU$ after aligning centers and orientation, Average Orientation Error (AOE) measuring the smallest yaw angle difference between prediction and ground-truth in radians, Average Velocity Error (AVE) measuring the absolute velocity error in $m/s$ and Average Attribute Error (AAE) computing $1 - acc$, where $acc$ is the attribute classification accuracy. We also use the nuScenes Detection Score (NDS) that is based on a simple additive weighting of the mean of all metrics above.\n\nTracking Metrics. The tracking performance is measured using the popular CLEAR MOT metrics including MOTA, MOTP, ID switch (IDS), mostly tracked (MT), mostly lost (ML), fragmented (FRAG). Similar to nuScenes, we use two accumulated metrics introduced in as the main metrics, including the average over the MOTA metric (Average MOTA (AMOTA)) and the average over the MOTP metric (Average MOTP (AMOTP)).\n\nExperiments Setup\n\n[tab:nuscene_detection_results]\n\nThe proposed SAGA-TrackNet is trained with two consecutive frames where the extracted features in the previous time step $t-1$ are stored and stacked with the features of the current time step to encode object key features to predict the location of new and existing objects at time step $t$. Then, Mini-batch (chunk of two) gradient descent is employed with an Adam optimizer to learn all the parameters in the attention layers. All the layers and algorithms are implemented in PyTorch, based on Trackformer, TransTrack and Deformable DETR. The best configuration of layers is chosen empirically as three stacking self-attention layers with four heads and three stacking cross-attention layers with 16 heads. With a batch size of 512 chunks, the model converged at about 100 epochs.\n\nAblation Study\n\nIn this section, we present some experiments to ablate the effect of each component of the proposed framework. Particularly, this section aims to demonstrate the following: 1. how this motion modeling can help improve 3D object detectors; 2. better motion modeling with track decoder layers in SAGA-TrackNet; 3. how the combination of the external input and data association method affects the tracking performance. We also compare the processing time of these methods as well as the end-to-end solution.\n\n[tab:motion_errors]\n\n[tab:association_ablation_study]\n\nImproving 3D Object Detector. Table [tab:nuscene_detection_results] demonstrates that the combination of baselines object detector and our motion model (i.e. the Track Decoder) achieves better results than the original detector. In this experiment, we initialize detected objects at previous frames as inputs to the track queries. The Track Decoder takes that set of objects and then combines it with frame features produced by the Encoder to refine the location of pseudo-\"tracked boxes\". The best result is achieved with the combination of KM3D object detector and our motion model since it is guided by decoded locations from our transformation procedure as described in Section 3.3.\n\nThe Role of Motion Model. Motion models are particularly essential in dynamic MC-MOT settings since cameras are moving with the vehicle. In this experiment, we evaluate the effectiveness of different motion modeling methods on detection performance. We use the locations predicted by motion models to compare with ground-truth locations in terms of motion-related metrics. In such a way, we can evaluate how well the motion model captures and predicts the motion of tracked objects. We compare with two other commonly used motion models, i.e. 3D Kalman Filter and LSTM. As shown in Table [tab:motion_errors], our SAGA-TrackNet gives better results than a classical object state prediction technique, i.e. 3D Kalman Filter used in and a deep learning-based technique, i.e. LSTM module, used in.\n\n[tab:track_ablation_study]\n\nComparison of Different Distance Cost and Matching Algorithms. The proposed assignment module operates on a global cost matrix, which is computed from a detection set and a track set by different types of distance, i.e. Mahalanobis distance as defined in Eqn. [eq:mahalanobis], Bird’s Eye View 2D, and 3D bounding box GIoU as defined in Eqn. [eq:g_iou] between the estimated object states and the detected object bounding boxes. Then, the Sinkhorn iterative is employed as described in Section 3.2 with the maximum number of iterations being 100. Compared to Kuhn-Munkres (KM) algorithm, our framework inherits the merit of one-to-many matching and yields better results on assignment metrics and tracking metrics with a slight increase in computation cost in distance matrices construction and optimization (shown in Table [tab:association_ablation_study]). The performance of our proposed FOTA algorithm is also better than other tracklet-detection matching methods as shown in Table [tab:track_ablation_study].\n\n[fig:compare_tracking]\n\n[tab:nuscene_val_track_results]\n\n[tab:nuscene_test_track_results]\n\nComparison against State-of-the-Art Methods\n\nIn this section, we compare our proposed framework with other vision-based (without using LiDAR or RADAR information) tracking approaches, which are the top in nuScenes vision only tracking challenge leaderboard.\n\nComparison against Tracking Methods on Validation set. This experiment compares our proposed method with other vision-based methods, including QD-3DT, MonoDIS + AB3DMOT, CenterTrack, and DEFT which are the tops of nuScenes vision-only tracking challenge. As we can see in Table [tab:nuscene_val_track_results], we outperform the top approach, i.e. QD-3DT, in most of the metrics. Fig. [fig:compare_tracking] illustrates the key factor that helps improve the tracking performance: we perform appearance matching across cameras in addition to motion modeling. It shows that our proposed method (top) can assign object ID globally between cameras compared with DEFT (bottom). Our method beats the SOTA method, i.e. QD-3DT on most of the main metrics, such as AMOTA, AMOTP, MOTAR, MOTA, Recall, IDSwitch, and FRAG, which are related to how well our method groups tracklet IDs and regresses object’s bounding boxes. For fair comparison and to preserve the originality and uniqueness of those methods, such as the LSTM motion model of DEFT, the offset head of CenterTrack, we implement a simple global association as the baseline, which takes MOT output results from those approaches and then adopts several empirical rules and heuristics to determine and filter out duplicated objects, including IOU thresholding and box merging as similar to ELECTRICITY.\n\nComparison against Tracking Methods on Test set. We submitted our result on the official competition platform EvalAI3. As it can be referred to the tracking challenge leaderboard on Vision track at nuScenes’ homepage4 and Table [tab:nuscene_test_track_results], our method performs better than QD-3DT and DEFT significantly on IDS (870 vs. 6,856 and 6,901) and slightly on AMOTA (0.242 vs. 0.217 and 0.177), this behavior is similar to the validation results in Table [tab:nuscene_val_track_results].\n\nConclusions\n\nThis paper has introduced a new global association approach to solving the dynamic MC-MOT problem for AV. The proposed framework can learn how to perform tracking frame-by-frame in an end-to-end manner given frames from multi-camera to extract features, encode object key features, decode new objects’ locations, decode tracked objects’ locations, and global association tracklets with detection. These tasks are enhanced with self-attention and cross-attention layers to capture structures and motion across cameras. The experiments have shown performance improvements up to 6.4% and a decrease in IDSwitch error from 3,807 to 870 in a large-scale AV dataset regarding vision-based detection and tracking accuracy.\n\n 1. [note]equal contribution↩\n\n 2. License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0↩\n\n 3. https://eval.ai/web/challenges/challenge-page/476/leaderboard/1321↩\n\n 4. https://www.nuscenes.org/tracking/↩\n\n\n\n文章提出的端到端学习网络SAGA-TrackNet由哪几个组件组成?这些组件间是如何协同工作的?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "c435bd2bdab349f38f5a0af3a5948dc4", "conversation_index": 813171, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 973, "prompt": "Select me job titles from html and wite them down as CSV. Html data  /A></LI></UL><DIV><SPAN></SPAN></DIV></DIV></NAV></DIV></ASIDE><MAIN><DIV><DIV><DIV><DIV><H1>Prace a Nabidka prace</H1></DIV><DIV>1 - 20 z 3 322</DIV></DIV></DIV><DIV></DIV><UL><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Pohodova prace na 12ctkach - Kratky/dlouhy tyden</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>Job Leader Europe</SPAN><SPAN>Zatec, Cesko</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>25 000 - 27 000 Kc/mesic</SPAN></A><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>Reagujte bez zivotopisu</SPAN></A></SPAN><DIV><DIV><DIV><SPAN>Pridane<STRONG>pred 1 minutou</STRONG></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN><A><svg><use></use></svg></A></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></LI><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Nocni smeny ve vyrobe | Modrice CTPark |</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>Gi Group Czech Republic, s.r.o.</SPAN><SPAN>Modrice</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>25 000 - 26 000 Kc/mesic</SPAN></A></SPAN><DIV><DIV><DIV><SPAN>Pridane<STRONG>pred 1 minutou</STRONG></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN><A><svg><use></use></svg></A></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></LI><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Operator/pomocni ve skladu v Nemecku bez znalosti jazyka</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>MD Personalservice GmbH</SPAN><SPAN>Nemecko</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>2 200 - 2 600 EUR/mesic</SPAN></A><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>Reagujte bez zivotopisu</SPAN></A></SPAN><DIV><DIV><DIV><SPAN>Pridane<STRONG>pred 7 minutami</STRONG></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN><A><svg><use></use></svg></A></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></LI><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Hleda se personalni konzultant/ka! 30 000 - 40 000 Kc</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>Gi Group Czech Republic, s.r.o.</SPAN><SPAN>Brno</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>30 000 - 40 000 Kc/mesic</SPAN></A></SPAN><DIV><DIV><DIV><SPAN>Pridane<STRONG>pred 7 minutami</STRONG></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN><A><svg><use></use></svg></A></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></LI><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Vyvojar pre Windows Desktop, WPF, C#.</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>Solver IT s.r.o.</SPAN><SPAN>Zilina, Slovensko</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>1 800 - 2 600 EUR/mesic</SPAN></A><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>Mozhlivist' dlia liudei z Ukrayini</SPAN></A></SPAN><DIV><DIV><DIV><SPAN>Pridane<STRONG>pred 16 minutami</STRONG></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN><A><svg><use></use></svg></A></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></LI><LI><H2><A><SPAN>Vykonny riaditel / Financny riaditel / Obchodny riaditel - Managing Director / Chief Financial Officer / Commercial Director (f/m/x)</SPAN></A></H2><SPAN>Medialink Communications Consult s.r.o.</SPAN><SPAN>Bratislava, Slovensko</SPAN><SPAN><A><SPAN><svg><use></use></svg>7 000 EUR/mesic</SP"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "02b15c0360d349b3bee7887e3019f3a8", "conversation_index": 788123, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 979, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% Security total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_2 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_3 & NAME_4 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93, '\n\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price, and the market value without outputting anything. If available, use security totals to retrieve numerical data. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "9f9c6c52462b488da37f1246d99fea93", "conversation_index": 950166, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 979, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED NAME_2, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60%\nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_3 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_4 & NAME_5 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity / number of shares, the price / NAME_1 of each share, and the market value / value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "7c03e628c1844c8d8ab0d868c5f2debb", "conversation_index": 853497, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 993, "prompt": "traduza para o portugues brasil corrigindo as concordancias: 1\n00:00:02,580 --> 00:00:21,350\n[Music]\n\n2\n00:00:22,849 --> 00:00:27,840\ngiven the kids to dream a vision that\n\n3\n00:00:27,840 --> 00:00:29,780\nyour heart is all\n\n4\n00:00:29,780 --> 00:00:35,840\n[Music]\n\n5\n00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:41,629\ncarry the best bars you can pass the\n\n6\n00:00:41,629 --> 00:00:46,399\nsister to brother NAME_1\n\n7\n00:00:47,480 --> 00:00:50,620\n[Music]\n\n8\n00:01:08,510 --> 00:01:12,380\nworld famous athletes astronauts\n\n9\n00:01:12,380 --> 00:01:14,670\ninternational personalities who have\n\n10\n00:01:14,670 --> 00:01:16,500\nreally made a difference in our world\n\n11\n00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:20,370\nyou and I we all started out exactly the\n\n12\n00:01:20,370 --> 00:01:22,050\nsame just like that beautiful little\n\n13\n00:01:22,050 --> 00:01:25,190\nbaby that you just saw we were born rich\n\n14\n00:01:25,190 --> 00:01:27,660\nrich in potential we have deep\n\n15\n00:01:27,660 --> 00:01:29,640\nreservoirs of talent and ability within\n\n16\n00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,700\nus you're about to embark on one of the\n\n17\n00:01:32,700 --> 00:01:34,290\nmost exciting journeys you could\n\n18\n00:01:34,290 --> 00:01:36,930\npossibly get involved with this program\n\n19\n00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:39,300\nyou were born wrench is the most\n\n20\n00:01:39,300 --> 00:01:41,460\neffective personal development program\n\n21\n00:01:41,460 --> 00:01:43,800\nin the world today its butt isn't\n\n22\n00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:46,470\ndesigned specifically to help you\n\n23\n00:01:46,470 --> 00:01:49,410\nrealize all of your dreams live the life\n\n24\n00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:52,259\nthat you really want to live we're going\n\n25\n00:01:52,259 --> 00:01:54,570\nto invite you in to a live seminar so\n\n26\n00:01:54,570 --> 00:01:56,580\nthat you can experience the excitement\n\n27\n00:01:56,580 --> 00:01:59,190\nthe high energy of actually being there\n\n28\n00:01:59,190 --> 00:02:01,950\nwe have special guest NAME_2 on the\n\n29\n00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:03,710\nprogram you'll be meeting other\n\n30\n00:02:03,710 --> 00:02:06,149\npersonalities people just like you and I\n\n31\n00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:08,160\nwho have been involved in this program\n\n32\n00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:10,470\nand it's made a tremendous difference in\n\n33\n00:02:10,470 --> 00:02:15,090\ntheir life consider this just like that\n\n34\n00:02:15,090 --> 00:02:17,670\nbaby when you and I were born we were\n\n35\n00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:20,820\nnatural born risk takers we had no\n\n36\n00:02:20,820 --> 00:02:24,060\nlimitations we were free to step out and\n\n37\n00:02:24,060 --> 00:02:26,760\ndo everythin"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "5ab06668b7215a37c5cf2453dc8b1ede915b782cb381bbe3", "conversation_index": 8288, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 21592, "prompt": "经济分析与预测专辑第447期\n经济分析与预测专辑第447期\n经济分析与预测专辑\n运城市发展和改革委员会 2019年3月26日\n正确解读社会消费品零售总额增速降至个位数\n当前宏观博当电竞分析及对能源行业的影响分析\n财政部发布中央财政普惠金融发展专项资金管理工作的通知\n四部门发布春耕价格稳定工作通知\n李克强：不会让经济运行滑出合理的区间\n正视经济下行压力 强化政策逆周期调节\n要情文摘\n更大规模减税加快落地\n制造业高质量发展获政策支持\n组建国家管网公司有利于打破垄断\n外商投资法出台昭示我国开放力度\n内部报告\n把握战略机遇 深化四项改革\n《外商投资法》的四个特色和创新\n政策借鉴\n杭州桐庐：眼睛向下 破解“痛点”\n当前，我国经济保持平稳增长。在外部环境压力增大的情况下，国内消费保持了平稳增长，充分发挥了经济稳定器作用。2018年全年，最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率达到76.2%，高于资本形成总额43.8个百分点，高于去年同期17.4个百分点。但是，社会消费品零售总额增速持续下降的态势依然引发担心，2018年全年社会消费品零售总额增速已经降至9%的低点。在其增速降至个位数之时，将社会消费品零售总额与入户调查的居民消费支出等数据对照分析可发现，居民消费保持较快增长确实遇到一些短期困难，但不能简单认为社消增长放缓等同于总消费增势减弱。\n一、前期购房支出大增对居民日常消费产生挤出效应\n从历史数据看，当商品房销售面积快速增长时，居民消费支出将在之后的半年到一年呈现明显下行；当商品房销售进入低谷期时，消费支出明显出现跳升。同时，商品房销售面积与社会消费品零售总额的增速之间也存在着可见的负向关系，即商品房销售面积快速增长与社会消费品零售总额增速下行同时出现，反之，社会消费品零售总额呈现上升态势。\n因此，2016-2017年房地产市场火爆带来居民大量增加负债购买住房，短期内明显抑制了消费潜力，成为影响2018年居民消费能力的重要因素。通常来说，在购买住房后，短期内即便收入保持稳定增势，居民也将削减非必需生活消费（比如文化娱乐等发展型、享受型消费），以度过买房初期的资金紧张期。从宏观层面看，买房对消费挤出效应要大于卖房带来的财富效应。更进一步讲，房价快速上涨、房地产市场火爆将在短期内抑制居民日常消费，不利于消费发挥对经济增长的支撑作用。\n二、租房价格过快上涨侵蚀消费能力\n2018年以来，北京、上海、广州、深圳、天津、武汉、重庆、南京、杭州和成都等主要城市的住房租赁价格指数出现快速上涨，例如7月北京房租环比上涨2.63%，同比上涨21.89%，处于过去五年来的较高水平。以北京为例，2017年全年北京区域的住房租赁交易平均月租金为4401元/套，三口之家的租房支出有5.28万，占家庭可支配收入的46.3%。总体来看，北京市家庭租房支出占收入的比重在50%左右。2018年上半年北京住房租赁的月租金均价上涨到4649元/套，家庭租房支出达到5.6万。沉重的租房压力将对居民当期消费支出产生一定影响。\n三、社会集团消费下降较快成为拉低社消的主要因素\n从统计范畴看，社会消费品零售总额不仅包括居民消费，而且也包括社会集团消费，如机关、社会团体、部队、学校、企事业单位等在餐饮、零售等方面的消费。通过数据清洗和重构可以发现，当前我国社会集团消费已经占到社会消费品零售总额的50%以上，高于居民消费占比。\n2018年，社会集团消费增长9.1%，增幅较2017年回落3.6个百分点，显示出一定的下行趋势。但居民消费部分增速达到8.8%，增幅较2017年提高1个百分点，之前持续下滑的态势得到控制，甚至出现向好势头。与此同时，入户调查的居民人均消费支出数据显示2018年全国居民人均消费支出实际增长6.2%，增幅较2017年提高0.8个百分点，之前支出增速同比下滑态势得到遏制，这与社会消费品零售总额中居民消费部分走势相互印证。\n通过与企业经营等方面数据对比发现，社会集团消费走势与企业的销售费用、管理费用具有紧密关系。一种可能的解释是，2018年由于宏观下行压力时隐时现，企业经营状况并未持续向好，企业在市场推广等方面的消费支出（如餐饮、办公用品等支出）增长态势受到控制，以便更好度过困难期。\n四、未包括服务消费导致社消统计低估消费全貌\n当前，我国居民的服务消费正在进入快速增长阶段，旅游、文化、体育、养老、家政等服务消费十分活跃。据统计，当前我国服务消费比重已经占总消费的50%以上，2018年三季度时比重已达52.6%，比上年同期又提高了0.2个百分点，并且这一比重以每年1个百分点的速度在提高。社会消费品零售总额中，除餐饮消费以外均为商品零售消费，未能包括居民快速增长的服务消费已经成为社会消费品零售总额统计亟待改进的问题。\n与此同时，居民人均消费支出入户调查数据显示，食品和衣着消费这类纯商品消费的增速持续低于教育文化娱乐、医疗保健服务、生活用品及服务等包含服务消费的支出增速。比如2018年全年，食品和衣着人均消费支出分别增长4.8%、4.1%，而生活用品及服务支出、教育文化娱乐支出、医疗保健及服务支出的增速分别达9.1%、6.7%以及16.1%。因此，当社会消费品零售总额统计未能包括服务消费时，其增速下滑态势不能完全反映总消费增势。\n五、居民消费的根本支撑仍要看就业和收入\n对于我国居民来说，只要就业有保障、收入保持平稳增长，就为消费增长打下了坚实基础。从当前情况看，虽然在供给侧结构性和环保督查的影响下，部分小企业倒闭会影响局部就业，但整体就业仍将保持稳定。虽然中美贸易摩擦不断升级给部分外向型企业带来经营压力，但在多种利好政策的扶持下，我国企业整体保持平稳发展态势。因此，我国居民的就业和收入有保障。对于农村居民来说，农村相关制度改革进一步扩围延时给农民创造了更多改革红利，农民增收具有良好基础。因此，居民就业和收入形势都将有利支撑消费平稳增长。同时，个税改革落地实施对于中低收入人群影响更为明显，特别是扣除细则将部分减轻购房、教育等对城镇居民消费的影响。从总体看，我国居民的就业形势和增收情况都较有保障，消费具备平稳增长的基础。\n六、当前消费领域的主要短板\n首先，我国消费领域的核心短板是消费市场供需不匹配、有效供给不足。这是我国产业结构由低端向中高端迈进过程中的问题，市场上较为普遍的是缺乏创新、模仿痕迹明显、缺乏附加值的、能激发消费潜力的新供给，从而导致中等收入群体等主力消费阶层转向国外消费，呈现出消费外流与国内消费增速回落并存的状况。\n其次，农村消费主要短板集中在消费的基础设施建设滞后，给扩大消费增加了障碍，比如道路、交通、网络、电力等建设水平不能适应消费需求，农村消费“最后一公里”问题严重。\n再次，城镇消费主要短板主要集中在新兴消费规则制度没能跟上需求发展，影响消费意愿，最为典型的是服务消费。城镇居民的服务消费已经进入快速增长期，但如家政、育儿等行业规则标准欠缺、事后监管跟不上等问题，让大家在消费时的满足感不够强。\n最后，除上述问题外，我国消费市场不统一、全国范围内大市场尚未建成、地方保护主义仍然存在、消费软环境还有待提升、消费者保护力度有待加强等短板在一定程度制约消费保持较快增长。\n七、如何加快补齐上述短板\n首先，深入推进供给侧结构性改革，推动我国产业结构稳步迈向中高端，加快消费产品供给质量提升，通过一定的行业政策鼓励企业加快创新。其次，下大力气推动农村地区基础设施改造升级，打通消费“最后一公里”，在前期“百千工程”基础上，因地制宜加快弥补不同区域农村消费短板。再次，推动服务行业通过行业协会提升质量，加快推出行业统一服务标准，便于产业标准化、可持续化标准。集中整顿一批当前引发较大影响的服务领域问题，如预付卡消费“跑路”问题。最后，通过打造一批步行街、代表性商圈乃至于国际消费中心，加快推动国内消费软环境改造升级，让群众愿意消费、乐于消费。 （执笔：邹蕴涵）\n2019年，我国宏观经济开局平稳。在货币政策调整、基建投资发力等因素影响下，经济下行压力没有持续增加，经济总供给和总需求矛盾处于缓和区间。在这种情况下，国内石油市场、煤炭市场以及天然气市场都发生了一定变化。\n一、宏观经济开局平稳\n2019年以来，我国经济发展的外部压力略有缓解，内在增长动力保持平稳增长态势。整体来看，生产回落压力仍然存在，内需产生结构性分化，生产价格仍有下行可能，货币金融条件略有改善。\n（一）生产仍有回落压力，春节复工情况不佳\n第一，制造业PMI显示生产仍有回落压力。2月，制造业PM再创新低，为49.2，自2018年12月以来持续处于50荣枯线以下，较去年同期回落1.1个百分点，显示工业生产的下行压力持续存在。其中，新订单指数50.6，较去年同期下降0.4个百分点，较1月数据环比改善1个百分点，这种变化可能源于短期实体需求出现边际改善；新出口订单指数降至45.2，较去年同期回落3.8个百分点，较1月环比下降1.7个百分点，自2018年6月以来持续处于荣枯线以下。从指数构成分项来看，2月从业人员和原材料库存分项是制造业PMI的主要拖累。生产分项罕见降至50荣枯线以下，为2009年以来首次。这从一定程度表明，企业对后期经济下行仍有一定担忧，生产相对谨慎。第二，春节复工较往年偏慢。春节假期后，随着工厂逐步复工，通常会在进入生产旺季后，生产数据出现季节性回升。但从近期高频数据看，工业生产恢复略有偏慢，汽车、钢铁等行业开工率普遍低于过去几年同期水平。\n（二）内需结构性分化更趋明显，外需保持正常增长\n第一，居民消费依然偏弱。春节期间，我国零售和餐饮行业消费规模持续扩大，但是增速仍处于同比回落区间。商务部数据显示，2019年春节7天，全国零售和餐饮消费10050亿元，同比增长9%，较去年2018年春节回落1个百分点。预计社会消费品零售总额增速也将呈现同比回落态势。同时，2月前三周，乘用车联合会数据显示乘用车零售销量跌幅为33%，1-2月累计下跌13%，仍处于下行探底阶段。从整体看，经济下行可能影响居民收入和消费增速，消费持续面临放缓压力。第二，投资有利因素在增加。在居民消费增长面临压力的同时，在加快项目批复、加快专项债发行速度等有利因素的影响下，基建投资增长态势好于去年同期。在央行有针对性调节市场流动性等因素影响下，制造业投资，特别是民企的中长期投资将具有更好的增长基础。从整体看，投资下行压力基本缓解，成为提供内需的重要支撑。第三，外需出现波动。虽然中美贸易问题依然还未达到最终协议，但缓和苗头逐步显现，对我国外贸出口的影响尚未造成重大影响。1-2月，我国进出口总额下降3.9%（美元计价），其中，出口金额下降4.6%，进口金额下降3.1%。虽然与去年同期相比，增速均有大幅下挫，但更多是由于基数影响，并非实际外贸进出口出现明显恶化。\n（三）工业价格下行压力犹存，消费价格略有回升\n首先，生产价格仍有通缩压力。从整体看，生产领域价格仍有一定的通缩风险，生活领域价格保持相对平稳增长态势。1月，PPI仅增长0.1%，较去年同期同比回落4.2个百分点，较2018年12月环比回落3.4个百分点，工业产品价格整体下行态势依然存在。其中，生产资料价格1月下跌0.1%，较去年同期同比回落5.8个百分点，较2018年12月环比回落4.5个百分点，显示出生产资料领域价格下滑速度更为明显。拖累生产资料价格的主因是原材料工业价格出现明显下跌，1月下跌1.6%，较去年同期大幅下滑了8.9个百分点。而生活资料价格保持了基本平稳的增长态势，1月增长0.6%，较去年同期同比提高了0.3个百分点，较2018年12月环比改善0.1个百分点。拉动生活资料价格增长的主要动力是衣着类价格上涨较快，1月同比增长1.6%，较去年同期提高了0.8个百分点。其次，消费价格保持温和增长。1月，居民消费价格指数CPI增长1.7%，较去年同期同比增加0.2个百分点，但较2018年12月环比转差0.4个百分点。其中，近期非洲猪瘟等意外事件对猪肉价格产生了一定影响，食品价格依然是拉动CPI增长的主要动力，1月增速达到1.9%，较去年同期增加了2.1个百分点。CPI中非食品价格增长1.7%，较去年同期增幅下滑0.3个百分点。\n（四）社会融资规模大幅回暖，货币供应松紧适度\n首先，社会融资规模出现大幅反弹。面对隐现的经济下行压力，央行进行了有针对性地市场调节，并联合银保监会等监管机构，进一步引导金融支持实体经济发展，2019年1月的金融数据呈现出明显变化。从总体看，社会融资规模疲软不振的状况已经得到初步改善，货币供给增速略有回升。1月，社会融资规模当月放量大增，当月值达到4.64万亿，较2018年1月增加了1.56万亿。其中，新增人民币贷款当月增加35668亿元，较2018年同期同比增加了8818亿元；银行承兑汇票成为推动社会融资规模快速上涨的第二大因素，1月当月增长3786亿元，较2018年同期同比增长了约2349亿元，占社会融资规模的比重从去年的4.7%提高到了今年的8.2%。\n其次，货币供给闸门依然偏紧。与此同时，M2增速低位震荡。2019年1月，M2增长8.4%，增速较2018年12月环比提高了0.3个百分点，较2018年1月同比下降了0.2个百分点。M2增速持续保持了9%以下，显示出央行仍然控住货币供应量的阀门，没有出现如市场预期大水漫灌的“宽货币”情况。\n二、宏观形势对能源行业的影响分析\n总体来看，宏观经济平稳运行但稳中仍有下行压力，给国内石油市场、煤炭市场以及天然气市场都带来了一定影响。\n（一）工业生产偏弱导致石油市场供需放缓\n今年开年以来，工业生产虽然运行平稳，但仍有下行压力，从而导致工矿企业用油需求略有放缓。从需求看，1月成品油需求温和增长，消费量增长2.1%。但其中柴油需求受企业生产、物流运输等因素影响同比下降4.3%。从生产看，1月份，国内原油产量增长0.3%、降幅快速收窄6.4个百分点；原油进口量5.1%、增速大幅放缓14.5个百分点；原油加工量增长态势明显放缓，1月加工量仅增长1.9%、增速回落11个百分点。在成品油需求偏弱导致市场供给过剩状况更为严重、前期原油进口来料增长放缓等因素影响下，地炼生产也在适时调整，成品油生产增速也大幅回落，1月增长3.8%、增速回落6.7个百分点。\n（二）工业用气需求叠加居民用气需求推动天然气消费持续快增\n今年以来，国际油价震幅加大，价格相对仍处于较高区间，工业用气需求仍有相当市场。由于吸取了2017年冬季气荒事件教训，今年冬季通过事先大量进口、提高储气能力等方式为冬季民用和工业用气需求提供了保障。2019年1月，天然气需求保持了18.1%的高速增长，增幅提高1.1个百分点，天然气需求仍处于快增区间。为满足国内需求，国内气田加快生产，天然气产量增长9.7%、增幅提高4个百分点。国内供需缺口严峻形势略有缓解，进口增速相应略有放缓，1月进口量增长29.3%、增幅略微回落0.2个百分点。\n（三）宏观政策微调影响煤炭市场供需关系\n2019年以来，我国经济运行态势较去年同期有所变化，关键领域的焦点问题有所转化。去产能的推进速度更为稳妥，去库存已经发送结构性变化，这些都给煤炭供需造成影响。总体来看，当前我国煤炭消费保持基本平稳，增量不大。国内煤炭产能释放加快，主要煤炭铁路运输通道能力增加，煤炭供应能力进一步增加，全国煤炭市场供需将逐步向宽松方向转变。再加上今年中长期合同比重提高等因素，对煤炭价格波动起到较大平抑作用。从用煤相关高频指标看，2月下旬，六大集团发电耗煤增速大幅回升，环比增速也有所上行，导致电厂煤炭库存继续去化，库存天数降至26.1天。1月，钢企产量增速回落，高炉开工率略有回升，钢厂煤炭库存天数虽然继续回落至17天左右，但仍处于历年同期中等偏高水平。 （执笔：邹蕴涵）\n《财政部关于印发<普惠金融发展专项资金管理办法>的通知》（财金〔2016〕85号）实施以来，有关方面认真贯彻执行，切实加强普惠金融发展专项资金管理，在支持我国普惠金融发展、助力“双创”、改善公共服务等方面取得了积极成效。为贯彻落实中央经济工作会议和全国财政工作会议精神，更好推动经济高质量发展，做好“六稳”工作，切实提高普惠金融发展资金使用效益。\n首先，增强政策实效。（一）加大创业担保贷款贴息及奖补政策力度。认真贯彻落实《国务院关于做好当前和今后一个时期促进就业工作的若干意见》（国发〔2018〕39号）精神，实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，确保当前和今后一个时期就业目标任务和就业局势持续稳定。自2018年11月16日起，中央财政创业担保贷款贴息的个人创业担保贷款，最高贷款额度由10万元提高至15万元；贴息的小微企业创业担保贷款，最高额度由200万元提高至300万元。各地可因地制宜适当放宽创业担保贷款申请条件，由此产生的贴息资金由地方财政承担。（二）认真落实农村金融机构定向费用补贴政策。严格审核申请补贴机构的资格和材料真实性、准确性，确保对当年贷款平均余额、年均存贷比、涉农贷款和小微企业贷款占比等符合要求的新型农村金融机构给予补贴，确保补贴资金安排不超范围、不超标准、不超时限，坚决防止出现弄虚作假等问题。（三）加强资金绩效管理。实施全过程绩效管理，强化绩效目标管理，科学合理细化绩效考核指标，突出问题导向，避免流于形式；做好绩效监控和绩效评价，着眼于多年度资金使用绩效和绩效变化分析；加强结果应用和公开，适时上报并公开年度绩效评价结果。各地资金执行情况和政策实施效果，将作为以后年度中央预算资金安排和政策调整的重要依据。\n其次，做好政策衔接。（一）为进一步发挥财政资金引导和放大效应，聚焦缓解民营和小微企业融资难、融资贵问题，自2019年起中央财政将调整资金使用方向，县域金融机构涉农贷款增量奖励政策不再执行。（二）自2019年起中央财政不再安排政府和社会资本合作（PPP）项目以奖代补资金。2016-2018年度已安排的PPP项目以奖代补资金，省级财政部门应加强跟踪管理，会同项目实施单位和有关部门，为项目规范实施创造良好环境，打造一批管理水平高、产出绩效优、示范效应强的样板项目。对于已获得以奖代补资金的项目，若发现不符合示范项目要求，应及时上报调出示范项目名单，由省级财政部门负责追回以奖代补资金并及时上缴中央财政。\n再次，做好组织落实。（一）省级财政部门和财政部驻各地财政监察专员办事处（以下简称专员办）应高度重视普惠金融发展专项资金管理工作，夯实管理基础，确保数据真实。省级财政部门负责汇总审核辖区内创业担保贷款贴息及奖补、农村金融机构定向费用补贴专项资金申请材料，2019年3月31日前报送财政部和专员办。专员办对省级财政部门报送的专项资金申请材料进行审核，2019年4月30日前出具审核意见报送财政部，并抄送省级财政部门。（二）省级财政部门应会同有关部门认真落实《关于进一步做好创业担保贷款贴息政策监测分析工作的通知》（财金〔2018〕107号）要求，组织开展创业担保贷款监测分析工作，强化创业担保贷款精准化管理水平，进一步推动创业担保贷款规范发展。（三）对各级审计部门发现的问题，省级财政部门应高度重视，举一反三，完善制度，规范管理，结合实际情况对以前年度普惠金融发展专项资金安排情况适时开展检查，发现的配套资金落实不到位和以虚报冒领、重复申报、多头申报等手段骗取专项资金等问题，依照《中华人民共和国预算法》、《财政违法行为处罚处分条例》等有关法律法规进行严肃处理、处罚，重大情况及时向财政部报告。（四）鼓励各地因地制宜探索创新，进一步发挥财政金融政策作用，有效引导金融资源“支小助微”，缓解民营和小微企业融资难、融资贵问题，推动实现经济结构优化和高质量发展。\n2019年春耕用肥旺季即将到来，为切实保障春耕期间化肥供应和价格基本稳定，近日，国家发展改革委、财政部、农业农村部、市场监管总局联合印发《关于做好2019年春耕化肥生产供应和价格稳定工作的通知》，部署各省（区、市）有关部门、行业协会和企业，从5个方面采取有力措施做好春耕化肥生产供应和价格稳定工作。\n一是加强原料供应保障，稳定化肥生产。要加强组织协调，努力保障化肥生产所需天然气、原料块煤稳定供应，着力提高企业开工率。要区别对待、因企施策、精准调控，统筹好煤炭消费控制和煤制化肥生产的关系，努力增加春耕前化肥产量。二是加强化肥调运，促进产销区域平衡。要妥善组织安排运力，优先保障氮肥、磷肥、钾肥等主产地化肥外运需要。对化肥生产所需的煤炭、磷矿石等原材料运输要给予支持，对进口到港化肥也要及时疏运。三是加强进出口和储备调节，保障国内市场供应。要优先保障春耕用肥需要，根据国内化肥市场供求余缺情况，提前做好品种调剂方案并组织好进口。要严格落实国家化肥淡储任务，春耕到来后要及时动销，努力满足用肥旺季需要。四是加强农资市场监管，规范生产经营秩序。要加强从源头到地头全链条各环节的监管，结合农资打假春季专项行动，严厉打击制售假劣肥料的违法行为，严肃查处价格欺诈、哄抬价格、串通涨价等价格违法行为。五是加强农化技术服务，推动化肥施用减量增效。要结合实施化肥使用量零增长行动，研究完善化肥减量增效技术模式，倡导施用环保、高效、新型肥料，进一步推广测土配方施肥技术，提高用肥效率，降低用肥成本。\n通知强调，化肥是重要的农业生产资料，是粮食的“粮食”，春耕期间保障化肥供应和价格基本稳定关系到全年农业生产。有关方面要在落实好相关政策的同时，加强化肥市场供求和价格形势监测分析与信息发布，及时发现市场运行中苗头性、倾向性、潜在性问题，研究采取有针对性的措施，促进化肥市场平稳运行。\n3月15日上午，国务院总理李克强在人民大会堂三楼金色大厅会见采访十三届全国人大二次会议的中外记者，并就中国经济下行压力、减税降费、改善民生、优化营商环境等问题回答了记者的提问。重点如下：\n关于中国经济下行压力：\n中国经济确实遇到了新的下行压力，现在世界经济都在放缓，就在这一个多月期间，几大国际权威机构都在调低世界经济增长的预期。中国适度调低增速预期目标，用的是区间调控的方式。既和去年经济增速相衔接，也表明我们不会让经济运行滑出合理的区间。可以说给市场发出的是稳定的信号。面对新的下行压力，要有有力举措。一种办法是搞量化宽松，超发货币、大规模提高赤字率，所谓“大水漫灌”，萝卜快了不洗泥，一时可能有效，但会带来后遗症，所以不可取。我们还是要坚持通过激发市场活力，来顶住下行压力。前些年，我们也遇到下行压力，我们采取的就是激发市场活力的措施，因为市场活力增强了，发展的动力必然增强。\n现在中国市场主体已经超过1亿户，把他们的活力激发出来，这个力量可以说是难以估量的，我们还是要政过有痕，继续推进减税降费、简政，培育新动能、放宽市场准入，营造公平竞争环境等一系列的措施，为市场松绑，为企业腾位，为百姓解忧。把他们的创造力释放出来，我们一定能够保持经济运行在合理区间，而且推动高质量发展。当然，今年不确定的因素不少，我们还要有更多的应对准备，我们留有了政策空间。比如我们今年提高赤字率0.2个百分点，没有超过国际上说的所谓3%的警戒线。而且我们还可以运用像存款准备金率、利率等数量型或价格型工具，这不是放松银根，而是让实体经济更有效地得到支持。不管发生什么样的新情况，我们都会立足当前、兼顾长远，保持中国经济稳定，保持中国经济长期向好趋势不变，这都是很重要的。中国经济会始终成为世界经济的一个重要稳定之锚。\n关于减税降费：今年下决心要进行更大规模的减税降费；4月1日就要减增值税，5月1日就要降社保费率；大规模减税降费，是要动政府的存量利益，要割自己的肉；我们是给制造业等基础行业、给带动就业面最大的中小企业明显减税，这实际上是“放水养鱼”、培育财源。\n关于朝鲜半岛问题：半岛问题可以说是错综复杂、由来已久，解决起来不可能一蹴而就；中国始终坚持半岛无核化，希望保持半岛的和平稳定，这个立场从来没有改变过。\n关于民生问题：“一老一小”的问题，就是养老服务、托幼服务有困难，这个确实应该引起我们更高的重视；全面实施两孩政策以后，托幼难更突出了；重点发展社区的养老托幼服务；政府的有关部门要保障公平准入，把主要的力量放在公正监管上。\n关于中美关系：中美两国之间有着广泛的共同利益，我们的共同利益是远大于分歧的；现在双方的磋商还在继续进行。我们希望磋商能有成果，能够实现互利双赢。\n关于优化营商环境：要围着市场做文章，不是老给市场下指令；改善营商环境，还是要放管结合并重。放就是要平等地放，不能搞三六九等；除了涉及公共安全、特种行业之外，都应该拿到营业执照以后就可以正常经营；公平的准入，公正的监管，这是鸟之两翼，不可偏废；监管不能搞选择性监管、任性监管。\n关于两岸关系：我们将继续坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，反对“台独”，促进两岸关系和平稳定发展，促进祖国和平统一；我们愿意出台更多的优惠政策，让台湾同胞在大陆不论是投资兴业、就业就学、生活居住，都能够享受到和大陆同胞同等待遇。\n关于就业问题：今年我们确定要确保新增城镇就业人数在1100万人以上，实际上我们希望能够实现去年的实际规模，也就是1300万人以上的就业；我们说保持经济运行在合理区间，首先是要保就业，不许经济滑出合理区间，就是不让出现失业潮；就业好不好，这本身也是经济好不好的一个重要体现。\n关于中欧关系：中美贸易摩擦是中美双边的事情，我们不会利用第三方，更不会去损害第三方；中欧之间应该增强互信；双方都应该以开放的心态看待对方，在合作中妥善化解分歧，让中欧关系稳步前行。\n关于看病难看病贵：看病贵看病难的问题，在我们国家的确存在；今年把高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患者的门诊用药纳入医保，给予50%的报销；降低大病保险的起付线，提升大病保险的报销标准；没有健康就没有幸福。\n关于外商投资法：开放的措施说出去了，当然要兑现；中国会继续听取各方面的意见，继续保持对外开放热土的温度；要用法律的手段更好保护外商投资，吸引外商投资；我们要实行准入前国民待遇和负面清单制度，而且要推出新的负面清单；修改知识产权法，对侵权行为引入惩罚性的赔偿机制；中国的开放举措，往往不是一揽子推出来的。\n关于融资难融资贵：服务实体经济，这是金融的天职；让小微企业融资成本在去年的基础上再降低1个百分点；对所有外资企业一视同仁的对待，同样，对中国国内各类所有制企业都应该一视同仁；我们完全可以守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线。\n关于中俄贸易：中俄保持良好稳定的关系不仅有利于双方，也有利于地区、有利于世界；要把能用的十八般武艺都用起来，巩固中俄经贸规模突破1000亿美元的成果，而且向翻番的目标迈进。\n关于“互联网+”、共享经济：作为新事物，和任何新事物一样，在发展中总会有利有弊；\n对于这种新业态、新模式，不能简单任性；审慎监管，就是要划出安全的底线，也不允许打着“互联网+”、共享经济的招牌搞招摇撞骗；愉快和烦恼总是在成长当中相伴随，我们要做的就是引导他们健康成长。\n关于港澳台投资：港澳到内地的投资占我们利用境外投资的70%，能不重视吗？港澳台投资是可以参照、或者比照适用刚刚通过的外商投资法；长期以来行之有效的一些制度安排和实际做法还要继续沿用。\n关于提振国内消费：的确一段时间以来，我国的消费出现了增速放缓的趋势；两年内要基本取消省界高速公路收费站，力争提前实现；今年网络的提速降费要在过去的基础上再降20%，必须做到可以携号转网；今年要再降低一般工商业电价10%。\n关于中日韩自贸区：今年中日韩领导人会议议题中应当包括推动中日韩自贸区建设；推动中日韩自贸区建设，达成一个全面、高水平、互惠的协定，对三方都有好处；虽然现在日本和韩国都对中国有比较大的贸易顺差，但是我们还是愿意进行平等的竞争，让消费者有更多选择；我们还重视和东南亚、和所有周边国家的合作。我们希望有一个稳定的周边环境，亲诚惠容。\n新出炉的2019年《政府工作报告》直面我国经济面临的下行压力，对“确保经济运行在合理区间”强化了宏观经济政策的逆周期调节和应对。\n一、经济下行压力加大\n近些年，我国经济持续处于转型升级与结构调整的阵痛期，在周期性、结构性问题相叠加的压力下，经济增速总体稳中趋缓。2018年以来，中美贸易摩擦带来的外部风险骤然上升，给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。回顾过去一年的工作，《政府工作报告》毫不讳言：“我国发展面临多年少有的国内外复杂严峻形势，经济出现新的下行压力”。2018年全年GDP增长6.6%，分季度看，2018年1-4季度同比增速分别为6.8%、6.7%、6.5%、6.4%，呈逐季放缓之势。虽然2018年经济增长预期目标顺利实现，但“成绩来之不易”。对于2019年国内外形势，《政府工作报告》客观清醒地指出“我国发展面临的环境更复杂更严峻，可以预料和难以预料的风险挑战更多更大，要做好打硬仗的充分准备。”与2018年GDP预期目标为“增长6.5%左右”相比，2019年GDP预期目标调整为“增长6%-6.5%”。从投资、消费、出口三大需求表现看，经济下行压力加大。\n1.消费增速减慢\n2018年以来，社会消费品零售总额增速呈放缓势头，降至个位数水平。全年社会消费品零售总额名义同比增长9.0%，实际同比增长7%，分别比上年低1.2个和2个百分点。汽车和住房两大耐用品消费降温，汽车消费同比增速由过去的两位数变为负增长。受购置税减半政策取消、保有量不断提高、用车成本增加等多因素叠加影响，2018年规模以上单位的汽车类商品零售总额同比下降2.4%。随着房地产市场调控政策持续趋严，全国商品房销售面积增速大幅回落。2018年商品房销售面积增长1.3%，增速比上年回落6.4个百分点。与购房相关的居民消费支出增势减弱，2018年规模以上单位的家具和建筑装潢材料类零售额分别增长10.1%和8.1%，增速较上年同期分别回落2.7个和2.2个百分点。伴随经济下行压力加大，居民收入增长也在放缓，加之家庭高杠杆和高房价对消费的挤出效应，2019年消费增长仍面临一定下行压力。2018年全国居民人均可支配收入剔除价格后实际增长6.5%，增速比上年回落0.8个百分点。2019年1-2月，社会消费品零售总额名义同比增长8.2%，与去年12月基本持平，比去年同期低1.5个百分点。剔除价格因素，社会消费品零售总额实际同比增长7.1%，比去年12月高0.5个百分点，但比去年同期低0.9个百分点。\n2.有效投资增长乏力\n“十二五”以来，我国固定资产投资增速呈高位持续减缓态势。2014年至2016年上半年，投资增速下滑势头加剧，短短两年半时间内由20%以上的高水平降至10%以下的低水平。严控地方政府隐性债务增量和清理不合规的PPP项目导致基建投资增速出现断崖式下降，拖累2018年投资增速再次加快下滑。剔除价格因素后，2017年投资实际增速有统计数据以来首次跌至GDP增速以下，2018年投资实际增速更是仅为0.5%。除基建投资增速出现断崖式下滑外，其他主要投资构成增长均稳中有升。2018年制造业投资增长9.5%，房地产开发投资增长9.5%，民间投资增长8.7%，分别比上年提高4.7个、2.5个和2.7个百分点。2019年前两个月，固定资产投资同比增长6.1%，增速比去全年提高0.2个百分点，比去年同期低1.8个百分点。\n未来有效投资增长仍面临较大困难。一是基建投资难提振。尽管基建投资增速自2018年10月迎来筑底反弹，但累计同比增速仅从9月的3.3%反弹到2019年前两月的4.3%，反弹幅度相当微弱。在坚决遏制地方隐性债务增量的前提下，在地方债违法违规问责风暴持续的压力下,基建投资增速的进一步回升将受制于财政资金的配套融资难以补足，受制于地方政府因问责而意愿消极。二是制造业投资难保持。2018年制造业投资回升至2015年7月以来的最高水平，2019年前两个月回落至5.9%，比去年全年低3.6个百分点。2018年下半年以来，制造业PMI、PPI同比涨幅与规模以上工业企业利润同比增速均持续放缓，制造业景气度下降和中美贸易摩擦升级冲击企业生产经营信心都不利于制造业投资增长。三是房地产投资难稳定。今年前两个月投资增速稳中有升主要受房地产开发投资增速加快拉动。但房地产领域销售、拿地、到位资金、新开工均出现不同程度走弱，预示房地产开发投资增速回升不可持续。当前房地产“开发投资主要受土地购置费拉动、资金来源主要靠销售回款支撑”的增长模式高度依赖市场销售情况和预期，脆弱性较高。2018年土地购置费用对房地产开发投资增长贡献率为126%，剔除土地购置费后，房地产开发投资同比下降3.2%；定金及预收款对房地产投资资金来源增长贡献率为67.9%，剔除该项后，房地产投资资金来源仅同比增长3%。全国商品房销售已“量缩价稳”，房地产开发投资增长的可持续性堪忧。\n3.外部环境变化影响出口增长\n《政府工作报告》指出，过去的一年，“我们面对的是深刻变化的外部环境。经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义受到冲击，国际金融市场震荡，特别是中美经贸摩擦给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。”美国分别于2018年7月6日、8月23日和9月24日对从中国进口的总额2500亿美元的商品加征进口关税。由于初期500亿美元规模有限，且9月2000亿美元落地时点在9月末，7月至10月出口增长并未受到实质性影响，因企业“抢跑”，出口增速反而略有加快。但11月、12月出口增速出现大幅放缓，显示中美贸易摩擦对出口的影响开始显现。9月、10月、11月、12月出口（以人民币计价，下同）同比增速分别为16.4%、18.7%、8.7%和0.2%。其中，对美国出口同比增速分别为16.6%、17.6%、14.9%、1.1%。今年前两个月，出口仅累计同比增长0.1%。\n随着中美贸易磋商推进，中美贸易摩擦出现阶段性缓和。美国贸易代表办公室近日宣布，对2018年9月起加征关税的自华进口商品，不提高加征关税税率，继续保持10%，直至另行通知。虽然美国政府未进一步提高关税税率，但已加征的关税也没有调低，2500亿中国输美产品加征关税的负面影响将在2019年逐步显现。中美贸易摩擦对我国企业信心和预期产生一定冲击。民营企业出口在我国出口份额中占据首位，2018年占比达48%。2018年下半年以来，中国制造业PMI总体呈下滑之势，12月以来更是连续3个月在50%荣枯线以下运行。\n除中美贸易摩擦带来的风险外，全球经济增长下行风险也在日益凸显。世界银行2019年1月8日发布《全球经济展望》，将2019年和2020年全球经济增长预测值均下调0.1个百分点，并警告下行风险上升。IMF1月21日发布《世界经济展望》，将2019年和2020年全球经济增长预测值再次下调0.2和0.1个百分点。联合国在同日发布的《2019年世界博当电竞与展望》报告预计2019年和2020年全球经济增长3%，略低于2018年3.1%的增速。\n二、宏观经济政策强化逆周期调节\n面对经济下行压力加大，2018年12月召开的中央经济工作会议提出，宏观政策要强化逆周期调节，稳定总需求。《政府工作报告》进一步提出，“要正确把握宏观政策取向，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，实施就业优先政策，加强政策协调配合，确保经济运行在合理区间，促进经济社会持续健康发展。”\n1.积极的财政政策要加力提效，减税降费力度进一步加大\n按照《政府工作报告》的安排，2019年积极的财政政策要加力提效，实施更大规模的减税降费。2019年赤字率拟按2.8%安排，比去年预算高0.2个百分点；财政赤字2.76万亿元，比去年高3800亿元，其中，中央财政赤字1.83万亿元，地方财政赤字9300亿元，分别比去年高2800亿元和1000亿元。2019年拟安排地方政府专项债券2.15万亿元，比去年增加8000亿元。2019年将进行更大规模的减税与降低社保缴费负担，全年减轻企业税收和社保缴费负担近2万亿元。对于减税，重点是深化增值税改革，尤其是降低制造业和小微企业税收负担。深化增值税改革，将制造业等行业现行16%的税率降至13%，将交通运输业、建筑业等行业现行10%的税率降至9%，确保主要行业税负明显降低；保持6%一档的税率不变，但通过采取对生产、生活性服务业增加税收抵扣等配套措施，确保所有行业税负只减不增，继续向推进税率三档并两档、税制简化方向迈进。抓好年初出台的小微企业普惠性减税政策落实。明显降低企业社保缴费负担。下调城镇职工基本养老保险单位缴费比例，各地可降至16%。稳定现行征缴方式，各地在征收体制改革过程中不得采取增加小微企业实际缴费负担的做法，不得自行对历史欠费进行集中清缴。继续执行阶段性降低失业和工伤保险费率政策。今年务必使企业特别是小微企业社保缴费负担有实质性下降。\n2.稳健的货币政策要松紧适度，有效缓解实体经济特别是民营和小微企业融资难融资贵问题\n按照《政府工作报告》的安排，2019年稳健的货币政策要松紧适度，广义货币M2和社会融资规模增速要与国内生产总值名义增速相匹配，以更好满足经济运行保持在合理区间的需要。在实际执行中，既要把好货币供给总闸门，不搞“大水漫灌”，又要灵活运用多种货币政策工具，疏通货币政策传导渠道，保持流动性合理充裕，有效缓解实体经济特别是民营和小微企业融资难融资贵问题，防范化解金融风险。改革完善货币信贷投放机制，适时运用存款准备金率、利率等数量和价格手段，引导金融机构扩大信贷投放、降低贷款成本，精准有效支持实体经济，不能让资金空转或脱实向虚。加大对中小银行定向降准力度，释放的资金全部用于民营和小微企业贷款。支持大型商业银行多渠道补充资本，增强信贷投放能力，鼓励增加制造业中长期贷款和信用贷款。2019年国有大型商业银行小微企业贷款要增长30%以上。清理规范银行及中介服务收费。完善金融机构内部考核机制，激励加强普惠金融服务，切实使中小微企业融资紧张状况有明显改善，综合融资成本必须有明显降低。 （执笔：李若愚）\n国务院总理李克强3月20日主持召开国务院常务会议，确定《政府工作报告》责任分工，强调狠抓落实确保完成全年发展目标任务；明确增值税减税配套措施，决定延续部分已到期税收优惠政策并对扶贫捐赠和污染防治第三方企业给予税收优惠。\n【问题】从流转税占企业增加值的比例上看，中国的比例在全球独树一帜，2015年该值为20.3%，几乎为第二名瑞典的2倍。第三名为美国8.4%，法国为5.4%，英国2.8%，韩国1.1%，德国0.6%。从中国自身的纵向时间演变，和横向的国际比较来看，中国企业的各项负担，是比较重的，特别是在经济下行的情况下，增值税给企业造成尤其严重的负担。所以近期政策层面，着重降低增值税税率等间接税的负担，是符合市场需求和客观实际情况的。\n【对策】为落实《政府工作报告》更大规模减税的部署，围绕从4月1日起将制造业等行业16%增值税率降至13%、交通运输和建筑等行业10%增值税率降至9%的举措，会议决定：一是进一步扩大进项税抵扣范围，将旅客运输服务纳入抵扣，并把纳税人取得不动产支付的进项税由分两年抵扣改为一次性全额抵扣，增加纳税人当期可抵扣进项税。对主营业务为邮政、电信、现代服务和生活服务业的纳税人，按进项税额加计10%抵减应纳税额，政策实施期限暂定截至2021年底。确保所有行业税负只减不增。二是对政策实施后纳税人新增的留抵税额，按有关规定予以退还。三是相应调整部分货物服务出口退税率、购进农产品适用的扣除率等。同时，加大对地方转移支付力度，重点向中西部地区和困难县市倾斜。\n为发挥减税政策对改善民生和打好三大攻坚战的支持作用，会议还决定，一是延续2018年执行到期的对公共租赁住房、农村饮水安全工程建设运营、国产抗艾滋病病毒药品等的税收优惠政策。二是从今年1月1日至2022年底，对企业用于国家扶贫开发重点县、集中连片特困地区县和建档立卡贫困村的扶贫捐赠支出，按规定在计算应纳税所得额时据实扣除；对符合条件的扶贫货物捐赠免征增值税。三是从2019年1月1日至2021年底，对从事污染防治的第三方企业，减按15%税率征收企业所得税。\n制造业高质量发展顶层设计和系列重磅政策将加速落地，将着力培育发展先进制造业，打造一批世界级先进制造业集群，在关键领域新布局建设若干国家制造业创新中心。此外，将鼓励和支持社会资本参与制造业领域国有企业改制重组，加大对先进制造业的融资支持。\n【问题】中国虽然已经是制造大国，但制造业“大而不强”，与制造强国仍有较大差距，存在很多问题，其中有些还是根本性的，主要有：产业结构不合理。从生产角度来看，中国制造业产业结构的不合理表现为低水平下的结构性、地区性生产过剩，又表现为企业生产的高消耗、高成本。具体而言，许多重要产业对外技术依存度高，自主开发能力弱，难以适应激烈的国际竞争；很多行业产能严重过剩。产品附加价值不高。一直以来，中国企业大都采用贴牌生产方式，处于全球价值链的中低端，产品设计、关键零部件和工艺装备主要依赖进口。即使是在国际市场上占有一定份额的产品，中国生产厂商也更多地处于组装和制造环节，普遍未掌握核心技术，关键零部件和关键技术主要依赖进口。由于附加值低，中国产品获利甚微。能源消耗大，污染严重。在世界产业的分工链条中，属于中国的环节是制造业，这本身就是一个对自然资源需求量极大的产业，再加上利用效率低，导致在经济发展过程中自然资源的消耗过快。国际初级产品市场价格的不断上涨给中国以低成本取胜的制造业市场带来了越来越大的压力。\n【对策】从相关部门获悉，制造业高质量发展的顶层设计将加快落地。今年将制定实施大力推动制造业高质量发展的部署方案。一方面加快处置“僵尸企业”，制定退出实施办法，另一方面着力培育发展先进制造业集群。在先进制造业与现代服务业深度融合方面，将出台实施深化新一代信息技术与制造业融合发展的指导意见。\n地方已经在加快布局。如，广东省提出在电子信息、绿色石化、汽车、智能家电、机器人等五方面打造世界先进制造业产业集群。上海市提出，全力打造汽车、电子信息两个世界级产业集群，积极培育民用航空、生物医药、高端装备、绿色化工四个世界级产业集群。安徽省提出，实施国际先进制造业集群培育工程，打造具有国际影响力的集成电路、新型显示、工业机器人、新能源汽车、高端装备、智能家电等先进制造业集群。\n推动制造业高质量发展，今年将在关键领域新布局建设若干国家制造业创新中心。国家制造业创新中心建设主要面向核心技术缺失、薄弱的重大问题，在核心基础零部件、关键基础材料、先进基础工艺等环节鼓励共性技术研发。国家制造业创新中心还将通过政府搭桥，形成以企业为主体，大学科研机构共同参与的协同创新驱动的新格局，服务于重大共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术的创新工作，促进科技成果转化，进而培育新产业、新动能。根据安排，到2025年，我国将形成40家左右的国家制造业创新中心。同时，在合适区域匹配一批省级、区域制造业创新中心，作为国家制造业创新中心的支撑和补充。\n推动制造业高质量发展还将在改革、开放上做文章。强化竞争政策的基础性地位，深化国有企业改革，鼓励和支持社会资本参与制造业领域国有企业改制重组。全面推行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，落实船舶、飞机、汽车等行业开放政策，以高水平开放推动制造业高质量发展。\n财政资金重在引导资本、资源向战略关键领域聚焦，支持重大短板装备攻坚、重点产业创新服务平台等，推进战略关键领域创新突破。改革完善金融支持机制，健全多层次资本市场，提高直接融资比重，发挥政策性金融、开发性金融和商业性金融的协同作用，加大对先进制造业的融资支持。\n3月19日，中央全面深化改革委员会第七次会议强调，要推动石油天然气管网运营机制改革，组建国有资本控股、投资主体多元化的石油天然气管网公司。会议同时强调，要推动形成上游油气资源多主体多渠道供应、中间统一管网高效集输、下游销售市场充分竞争的油气市场体系。\n政策背景：石油天然气管道公司已酝酿多年。2016年《关于深化石油天然气改革的若干意见》提出：“分步推进国有大型油气企业的干线管道独立，组建国有资本控股、投资主体多元化的石油天然气管道公司。”2017年5月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于深化石油天然气体制改革的若干意见》，明确提出分步推进国有大型油气企业干线管道独立，实现管输和销售分开。目前油气管网建设确实比较滞后，也束缚了整个能源结构转型，所以，从早期石油天然气深化体制改革就提出要把油气销售和长输管网分开，分开后才能真正测算运输成本；再一个是，解决管网对第三方准入。现有管网都是企业管网，彼此不连接。同时，不建管网，天然气就没有办法消化，没办法进行能源结构转型。但要把钱全部砸到管网上，上游勘探开发就没有足够资金投入，能源安全又面临问题。所以，单独组建管网公司，引入多元资本，是打开这个死扣的关键一步。\n政策内容：尽管纳入了中石油、中石化、中海油现有的管网资产，但其他主体也可以继续建设跨省管网，并不是说我建了你不能建，只不过前提条件是你只能做这一环，不能上下游都干；管网公司不针对消费者，它只对接上下游，上游的气田和下游的经销商签协议，根据我的运力给你，如果不够我再建新的管网。\n政策亮点：单独组建管网公司，充分说明了这个方案的积极态度，说明改革的决心和措施更加强劲。因为这是要把中石油、中石化本来拥有的全产业链条中间这一块拿出来。这次会议强调上游要多主体多渠道供应，下游销售市场要充分竞争。改革思路的关键就是要解决公平准入。\n政策意义：把中间环节拿出来，作为一个公共基础设施对所有人开放，能给上下游创造公平准入的条件，进而形成整个行业的充分竞争。建立国家管网公司，会极大激发整个社会在油气行业的投资。不仅会有更多建设资金来源，更高的资金使用效率，而且能进一步推进油气“运销分离”，加快管道和储运设施互联互通进程，有助于统一调配资源。另外，单独的管网公司可以执行更清晰的成本核算，用市场手段降成本，更接近“管住中间，放开两头”的发展思路。我们国家油气资源比较丰富，就是投入不足、创新不足，有更多的企业参与、资金投入才能有更多创新，最终解决能源结构转型与可持续发展的问题。\n十三届全国人大二次会议15日表决通过了《中华人民共和国外商投资法》，国家主席习近平签署第26号主席令予以公布，新华社20日受权全文播发这部法律。\n政策背景：改革开放四十年来，中国坚持打开国门搞建设，不断扩大对外开放，取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。截至2018年底，中国累计设立外商投资企业约96万家，实际利用外资累计超过2.1万亿美元，成为全球第二大引资国。外商投资企业已成为推动中国经济社会发展的重要力量。2015年1月19日，中国商务部在其网站公布了《中华人民共和国外国投资法（草案征求意见稿）》（“《外国投资法草案》”)和《中华人民共和国外国投资法（草案征求意见稿）说明》，向社会公开征集意见。2018年12月26日，全国人大常委会在中国人大网上公布了《中华人民共和国外商投资法（草案）》（“《外商投资法草案》”），向社会公众征求意见。2019年1月29日发布的《中华人民共和国外商投资法(草案)(二次审议稿)》(“二审稿”)于3月8日下午提交十三届全国人大二次会议审议。\n政策内容：外商投资法共分6章，包括总则、投资促进、投资保护、投资管理、法律责任、附则，共42条。自2020年1月1日起施行。新外商投资法基本上坚持了二审稿的基本思路，即第一，推行“三法合一”，制定统一的外商投资基础性法律；第二，内容上包括外商投资的促进、保护、管理等各个方面；第三，在管理方面坚持“对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度”，确立外商投资信息报告制度等；第四，加强对外商投资的保护，建立外商投资企业投诉工作机制，并对保护外商知识产权、不得强制技术转让等关注较多，适应了外商诉求变化的趋势，提供了与时俱进的法治保障；第五，这部法律仅就涉及外商投资的特别问题作出规定，投资项目的核准/备案、行业许可、企业登记等均采取内外资一致的原则，由其他法律、行政法规予以规定。例如，以后设立外商投资企业在组织形式等方面会主要适用《中华人民共和国公司法》、《中华人民共和国合伙企业法》的规定。\n政策亮点：一是对外国投资者的投资不实行征收；二是利润可以依法以人民币或外汇自由汇入汇出；三是强调对知识产权的保护，鼓励基于自愿原则和商业规则开展技术合作，同时明确行政机关及其工作人员不得利用行政手段强制转让技术；四是建立了外商投资企业投诉工作机制；五是明确国家建立外商投资信息报告制度；六是明确并购依照反垄断审查。\n政策意义：这是我国外商投资领域新的基础性法律，外商投资法开辟了社会主义市场经济新征程，具有里程碑意义。外商投资法将为新形势下深化对外开放、规范利用外资提供制度保障。此次外商投资立法有两项重要意义。一是回应国际社会的基本诉求。国际社会希望中国进一步扩大市场准入，扩大开放，同时强调公平竞争也就是竞争中性。我国日前也积极回应竞争中性的提法，如2019年政府工作报告中第一次提出“按照竞争中性原则”，去年底的中央经济工作会议明确指出，强化竞争政策的基础性地位，创造公平竞争的制度环境，鼓励中小企业加快成长。二是我国发展自身需要。目前我国改革已进入深水区，不论是扩大市场准入，还是负面清单，还是打造公平竞争的营商环境，在当前社会都尤为需要。当前，我国以立法的形式出台外商投资法，这也彰显了中国全面依法治国的理念，向国际社会释放了一个全面对外开放的积极信号。\n政策影响：新外商投资法的实施将会发挥其投资促进、投资保护、投资管理等方面的规范和引导作用，有助于中国建立更好的法治化国际化的营商环境，提高了对外资的吸引力。新外商投资法的实施也将会完善外商投资整体环境，形成公平竞争的格局，动态提升中国相关产业发展水平和国际化水准的同时，随着外商投资负面清单限制领域的缩减，外商企业对华投资领域将不断扩大。\n近日，国务院总理李克强签署国务院令，公布《国务院关于修改部分行政法规的决定》（以下简称《决定》），自公布之日起施行。\n《决定》提出，根据党的十九届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定》《深化党和国家机构改革方案》和十三届全国人大一次会议批准的《国务院机构改革方案》，以及推进“放管服”改革的部署，国务院决定对49部行政法规的部分条款予以修改，主要内容包括：在机构改革方面，针对相关部门职责整合情况，一是完善市场监管和执法体制，修改进出口货物原产地条例、发票管理办法等29部行政法规；二是完善公共服务管理体制，修改社会救助暂行办法、烈士褒扬条例等8部行政法规；三是改革自然资源和生态环境管理体制，修改全国污染源普查条例等4部行政法规；四是合理配置宏观管理部门职能，修改招标投标法实施条例等4部行政法规。\n今年的政府工作报告强调指出，我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期。这是对我国当前经济发展环境的一个重要研判。\n在确定经济发展战略和方向的时刻，研判比实干更重要。只有弄清楚我们所处的时代特征，主客观环境、发展因素与约束条件，我们才能够更好地利用优势、抓住机遇，应对挑战，有所作为。为此，我想针对“重要战略机遇期”这一问题谈一些个人看法。\n认清世界发展四大规律 把握重要战略机遇\n“重要战略机遇期”这一重要提法是在2002年召开的中共十六大报告中首次做出的。报告指出：“综观全局，21世纪的前二十年对我国发展是一个必须紧紧抓住并且可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期”。回望历史，我国确实在21世纪初叶，充分利用了国内外的有利环境，把握住了“重要战略机遇期”提供的宝贵机会，实现了快速发展。2002年到2012年，我国国内生产总值从12万亿元人民币增长到54万亿；按不变价格计算，年均GDP增速10.56%；GDP排名从全球第六位上升全球第二位；我国人均国民收入从1110美元增长到5940美元，完成了从中低收入国家向中高收入国家的转变。\n21世纪前二十年即将进入尾声，如何在风云变幻的国内外形势中把握时代赋予的重要战略发展机遇，是当下需要冷静思考并清醒认识的重大问题。伴随我国经济总量跃居世界第二，科技发展新突破不断涌现，全球治理体系地位不断提升，人口结构发生显著变化，我认为，以下四大客观的世界发展规律，为我们研判当前形势，把握未来重要战略机遇提供了一个理论框架。\n一是大国演进规律。在人类发展的历史进程中，出现过不同的世界性强国。这些强国的共同点是：都遇到了比较难得的发展机遇，在不同时期世界秩序的形成过程中发挥过重大作用，都在崛起过程中遭遇到强劲的对手，其中不乏各种冲突与战争。当前，我国的经济实力和世界影响力与日俱增，越来越多的国家，特别是发展中国家愿意与中国开展紧密合作，中国提出的“一带一路”倡议受到了国际社会的普遍欢迎，对外开放格局进一步扩大，给中国经济的发展提供了新的机遇。但中国的崛起难免打破原有的世界格局和国际平衡，触碰大国利益。妥善处理好与大国之间的矛盾关系，将减少我国的发展的阻力与障碍。我认为，在利用大国形象的有利地位创造更多发展机遇的同时，通过对话沟通、互利共赢的方式化解矛盾和冲突，处理好内部张力与外部压力之间的关系，是我们当前面临的重大议题。\n二是科技发展规律。在人类进入到信息社会，科技发展呈现三个重要特征：从科学原理和规律的探索、揭示，到产业化之间的周期越来越短；科学技术一体化的趋势越来越强；科技发展速度的数量级明显提升，技术迭代加速。在一些特定领域，如信息技术领域，还呈现出指数级的增长态势。虽然与发达国家相比，我国在基础研发能力和科研环境等方面还存在差距，但是在科技发展规律的作用下，我国完全有可能在某些前沿技术领域实现弯道超车。如果说，中国面临百年未有之大变局，那么，这个大变局的重要内容之一就是人类历史上前所未有的高科技迅猛发展的态势。若抓住这一重要战略发展机会，我国极有可能在全球通信领域的技术高地取得一定优势，成为国际通信技术新标准和规则的参与或制定者，并推动世界技术的变革。\n三是风险演化规律。随着科技的发展和经济全球化的深入，一方面，日益扩大的互联互通给商品、资本、技术等在全球的流动带来便利，极大地提升了价值创造的规模和速度；另一方面，风险发生的频率越来越高，蔓延速度越来越快，涉及的主体越来越多，交互影响越来越深，造成的损失也越来越大。任何一隅的问题，都可能演变为全局甚至全球性问题。中国经济已嵌入到全球经济一体化的大潮流中，在享受全球化贸易便利的同时，也面临着巨大的外部输入性风险。我国在当下需要格外强化对国际经贸风险的预警与应对机制。只有这样，我们才能在充分享用全球化带来的重要发展机遇的同时，防止风险的积累和蔓延给中国的经济发展可能带来的严重打击。\n四是人口发展规律。人类社会的发展进程表明，随着经济的发展、收入水平的提高和医疗条件的改善，人类的预期寿命会越来越长。人口老龄化既体现了人类社会发展的成就，也是当今国际社会所面临的最为重大的一个挑战。人口红利是过去几十年推动中国经济增长的一个重要因素，但是在多种因素作用下，中国成为当今世界人口老龄化规模最大，增速最快的国家之一。伴随着人口老龄化的加速，出现了适龄劳动人口的短缺，给一些行业和领域造成了不利影响。国际货币基金组织2017年公布的一份报告指出，未来30年，中国的适龄劳动人口可能减少1.7亿。中国将面临严峻的“老龄化”挑战。\n适龄劳动力的短缺、老龄化的加剧，加剧了经济的下行压力，但如果应对得当，也可以化“危”为“机”。在互联网、人工智能等新技术迅猛发展的今天，适龄劳动人口的下降为数字自动化生产等新一代生产技术的革新留出了空间。随着社会保障制度改革的深入，多层次养老保险体系的建立，与人口老龄化相关的产业，包括康养产业、养老保险、社区养老护理等也进入了发展的快车道，撬动并将持续开发出许多新的商机。我们可以很好地顺应和运用规律。在老龄化程度日益加深的今天，“银发经济”应当成为国家战略发展最为重要的考量因素之一。\n大国演进规律、科技发展规律、风险演化规律和人口发展规律为中国的发展设定了宏观背景。在新的发展起点上，世界格局与人们的认知也发生了三个重要而深刻的变化。一是世界对我们的认知：中国是崛起的大国，是不可忽视的力量。但也正因为此，国际上一些错误的说法和论调也不时出现，给中国的发展造成了一定干扰。二是我们对世界的认知：全球治理结构发生了重大变化；世界多极化趋势更加明显、地缘政治冲突不断加剧；虽然曲折不断，但经济全球化是一个不可逆的进程；中国有责任去推动经济全球化的更深入发展，构建人类命运共同体。三是我们对自己的认知：中国从世界舞台的边缘逐渐接近世界舞台的中央，我们离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标越来越近。随着改革开放所取得的成就，国民也变得越来越有底气和自信，但有时也出现了一些困扰。\n用好四种力量 深化四项改革\n面对新的重要战略机遇期，我们应当用好四种力量：开放的力量、政府的力量、科技的力量和企业家的力量，这是国际经济发展和中国40年改革开放留给我们的宝贵经验。而四种力量能够得到充分发挥的前提和保障则是深化四项改革：政府自身改革、供给侧改革、科技体制改革和所有制改革。\n首先，政府自身改革。政府自身改革伴随着中国改革开放的全过程，但时至今日，政府越位、缺位、错位问题仍未得到根本解决。当李克强总理在今年的政府工作报告中掷地有声地强调“政府要带头讲诚信守契约，决不能‘新官不理旧账’，政府对拖欠企业的款项年底前要清偿一半以上，绝不允许增加新的拖欠”时，我们一方面看到了政府改革的决心，另一方面也看到了企业，特别是民营企业在市场中拼搏的不易与无奈。政府诚信是一个社会诚信的基础，未来我们应进一步加大政府改革的步伐，明确政府在市场经济活动中的主要作用就是平等保护产权、为市场主体创造公平竞争的市场环境并提供高效服务、从战略高度上配合“市场在资源配置中决定性作用”的发挥。\n其次，供给侧改革。2015年中央提出“供给侧结构性改革”以来，已经取得一些成效，但任务仍然艰巨。供给和需求是经济活动中矛盾的对立统一体，在经济发展的不同时期、因为各种因素的综合作用，供给方或者需求方成为主要矛盾或者矛盾的主要方面。我们需要深究的是，为什么有效供给长期不足、无效供给严重过剩？为什么供给结构不能适应需求结构的变化而变化？为什么企业的创新能力不足？为什么产业的转型升级困难重重？为什么会存在大量的“僵尸企业”？我认为，造成上述问题的关键还是市场化改革不够，政府对微观经济的放权不同步、不协调、不到位。因此说，“供给侧改革”的核心是政府自身改革。只有政府改革取得实效，“供给侧改革”才能真正取得实效。\n再次，科技体制改革。新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放40年来，我国在科技领域取得了巨大的成就，但“总体上看，在信息通信、高端装备、工业基础材料、航空航天、生物医药等关键领域和关键产业，我国存在明显的短板”（中科院院长白春礼院士语）。要解决这些问题，必须深化科技体制改革。目前，我国的科研申报制度、评价体制、经费管理制度、成果转化制度等都存在不足与缺陷。政府在科技项目监管等微观管理上介入过多过细，影响高校、研究机构和企业的自主决策，导致原创能力偏低；科技资源配置和管理体制不顺，跨机构、跨地区的开放共享不足，利用效率低下，闲置现象突出，科技成果转化率处在较低水平。今年的政府工作报告提出，要在推动科技体制改革举措落地见效上下功夫，决不能让改革政策停留在口头上、纸面上。大力减除行政烦苛，使科研人员潜心向学、创新突破。\n希望这些措施都能真正得到落实，由此为科技人员提供安心科学研究的环境，让创新成果不断涌现。与此同时，中国还需要进一步加大科研投入，加快高新技术的研发，发挥集中力量办大事的体制优势。\n最后，所有制改革。中国改革取得巨大成就的经验之一就是破除“国有经济崇拜”，确立“公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展”的基本经济制度。党的十五大提出：公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展，是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度。但在实践中，总有反复，总有动摇。特别是前不久社会上出现的一些怀疑甚至否定民营经济的言论，引发了一些思想混乱，冲击了市场的预期。实践证明，多种所有制经济共同发展不但有利于各种所有制主体取长补短、相互促进、共同发展，而且能够有力促进资本国际间流动，加快我国开放型经济新体制的形成。更为重要的是，它能够从根本上推动我国经济运行机制的转变，并为市场决定作用的发挥提供重要的体制机制保障。\n深化包括上述改革在内的各项改革，我们就能进一步释放开放红利、制度红利、科技红利和企业家红利，为下一步的发展创造有利时机和条件，而这一切都应当是以改革的终极目标为出发点和实现条件。\n41年前，中国共产党启动了改革开放这场人类历史上史无前例的伟大实验。改革是民众的事业，如果没有亿万人民群众的改革激情、首创精神和积极参与，改革也不会取得今天的巨大成就。民生决定民心、民心聚集民力。如果我们不能很好地满足人民对更高生活质量和基本公共服务均等化的强烈意愿和要求，人民参与改革的热情将会下降，由此加大改革的难度，遑论改革红利的释放。\n由此来看，在新的“重要战略机遇期”内，我们还需要加快建立健全对社会公平正义具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立起以权利公平、机会公平、规则公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系，以制度来保障公平的社会环境，保证人民平等参与、平等发展和平等享有机会，促进社会公平正义的实现。 （孙祁祥）\n相较于外资三法，《外商投资法》的特色与创新主要体现在四个方面，即从企业组织法转型为投资行为法、更加强调对外商投资的促进和保护、全面落实内外资一视同仁的国民待遇原则以及更加周延地覆盖外商投资实践。\n2019年3月15日，十三届全国人大二次会议表决通过《中华人民共和国外商投资法》（以下简称《外商投资法》），自2020年1月1日起施行；现行《中外合资经营企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》和《外资企业法》（以下合称“外资三法”）同时废止。这意味着统一的外商投资基本法终于问世，也标志着我国对外开放事业开启了新的篇章。\n外资三法的成就与不足\n党的十一届三中全会确立了改革开放的基本国策。1979年7月1日，五届全国人大二次会议通过《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》，我国自此有了第一部外商投资企业法律。1986年4月12日，六届全国人大四次会议通过《中华人民共和国外资企业法》。1988年4月13日，七届全国人大一次会议通过《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》。这三部外商投资企业法成为规范我国外商投资企业活动的支柱法律，为改革开放提供了坚实的制度保障。\n但随着实践的发展，外资三法已经不能适应现实需要，暴露出这样那样的问题，例如与一些新颁行的法律存在冲突、与政府职能转变需求不相适应、滞后于国际博当电竞新变化等。概括起来，主要体现在如下几个方面：\n针对中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业分别立法，对市场实践中并无实质差异的外商投资活动，在法律制度上人为地做出区分，造成法律实施和适用的繁琐化；\n在《公司法》、《合伙企业法》等企业组织法相继出台后，外资三法中的部分条款与上述法律的规定存在抵牾和冲突，尤其是在司法实践中造成法律适用上的错乱与失衡，制度“双轨”现象亟待消除；\n外商投资的国民待遇原则未得到彻底贯彻，在市场准入方面与内资区别对待，需要进行专门审批，从而成为我国市场经济发展和进一步改革开放的制度性障碍；\n外资三法构建的管理机制是以企业组织形式为基本着眼点，以行政审批为主要规制手段，对市场准入全面管制，对外商投资进行全链条审批，管得过多、过宽、过死，不符合行政放权、企业自主、市场自治的大趋势；\n外资三法仅涉及新设投资这种外商投资形式，对跨国并购未予规定，对外国资本在资本市场上的间接投资行为也未予涵盖。\n《外商投资法》的特色与创新\n从企业组织法转型为投资行为法\n外资三法出台时的历史背景和立法理念决定了其基本上是企业组织法，主要规制外商投资企业的组织形式和设立变更。这一方面导致外资三法的相关规定与后来制定的《公司法》、《合伙企业法》等一般性企业组织法存在大量重复和局部冲突（例如《中外合资经营企业法》规定合营企业不设股东会，董事会为最高权力机构），另一方面则使得外资三法难以专注于处理与外商投资行为直接相关的特色性问题。\n新通过的《外商投资法》以投资行为为着眼点和依归。《外商投资法》第31条明确规定：“外商投资企业的组织形式、博当电竞及其活动准则，适用《中华人民共和国公司法》、《中华人民共和国合伙企业法》等法律的规定。”换言之，《外商投资法》将外商投资所涉及的企业组织形式方面的内容交由上述法律制度去统一调整和规范，自身则集中于与外商投资行为直接相关的特色性内容，包括外资界定、外资准入、外资保护、外资审查等。这符合国际通行的立法模式。\n进而言之，这一转变还意味着主管部门不再对外商投资企业进行有别于内资企业的概括式管理，而是以内外资企业相同对待为原则，外商投资企业在企业组织和运营方面同内资企业一样贯彻公司自治、企业自治，淡化行政审批色彩，在企业设立、股权转让、变更终止等方面赋予中外经营者更多契约自由和更大的自主权。\n与此同时，《外商投资法》设置了5年的过渡期，具体实施办法由国务院另行规定。这有助于保持制度的稳定性和连续性，保护投资者的合理预期。\n强调对外商投资的促进与保护\n与外资三法侧重于管理不同，《外商投资法》更为强调对外商投资的促进与保护。第1条就开宗明义地指出：“为了进一步扩大对外开放，积极促进外商投资，保护外商投资合法权益，规范外商投资管理，推动形成全面开放新格局，促进社会主义市场经济健康发展，根据宪法，制定本法。”关于“投资促进”的第二章有11条，关于“投资保护”的第三章有8条共计19条，加上第一章总则部分关于保护和促进投资的部分条款，在数量上远远超出关于“投资管理”的第四章（仅8条）。\n此外，《外商投资法》的一些具体规定，也体现出较以往更强的保护力度和更高的保护水平。例如，第20条规定：“国家对外国投资者的投资不实行征收。在特殊情况下，国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对外国投资者的投资实行征收或者征用。征收、征用应当依照法定程序进行，并及时给予公平、合理的补偿。”\n再如，第10条规定在制定外商投资相关法律法规时应当征求外商投资企业的意见和建议，与外商投资有关的规范性文件和裁判文书应当依法及时公布；第22条强调保护外国投资者和外商投资企业的知识产权，禁止行政机关及其工作人员利用行政手段强制转让技术；第26条规定建立专门的外商投资企业投诉工作机制；第27条规定外商投资企业可以依法成立和自愿参加商会、协会等，都充分彰显了《外商投资法》促进和保护外商投资的力度和决心。\n全面落实国民待遇原则\n在外资三法时代的大多数时期，外商投资和外国投资者所享有的国民待遇仅限于准入后。就市场准入本身而言，外国投资者并不享有国民待遇，而是同中国投资者区别对待的，在中国投资就要经过专门的申请和审批程序，亦即所谓“外商投资审批”。从2013年起，我国在上海自由贸易试验区试行“准入前国民待遇加负面清单”的投资准入管理模式，自投资准入阶段起就给予外国投资者国民待遇。2018年6月，我国推出了全国版外商投资负面清单，将自贸试验区的成功经验正式推广到全国。\n在此基础上，《外商投资法》以法律形式进一步加以确认。第4条明确规定：“国家对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。前款所称准入前国民待遇，是指在投资准入阶段给予外国投资者及其投资不低于本国投资者及其投资的待遇；所称负面清单，是指国家规定在特定领域对外商投资实施的准入特别管理措施。国家对负面清单之外的外商投资，给予国民待遇。”至此，我国正式实现了与国际通行的外商投资准入管理模式的接轨。\n《外商投资法》还通过多个条款确保和强化准入后国民待遇，落实内外资一视同仁的基本原则。例如，第9条规定外商投资企业依法平等适用国家支持企业发展的各项政策；第16条规定国家保障外商投资企业依法通过公平竞争参与政府采购活动，政府采购依法对外商投资企业在中国境内生产的产品平等对待；第30条规定外国投资者在依法需要取得许可的行业、领域进行投资的，有关主管部门应当按照与内资一致的条件和程序，审核外国投资者的许可申请。这些无疑都是理念和制度上的进步。\n更加周延地覆盖外商投资实践\n外资三法仅涉及新设投资亦即设立外商投资企业这种外商投资形式，对跨国并购未予规定，对通过协议控制等方式进行的间接投资也未涉及。实践中，主要通过《关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定》、《外商投资企业设立及变更备案管理暂行办法》、《最高人民法院关于审理外商投资企业纠纷的若干问题的规定》等部门规章和司法解释的方式，对相关实践予以规范。此外，对反垄断审查、国家安全审查等涉及外商投资行为的特色性问题，外资三法也未予涉及，从而不能在立法层面周延地覆盖外商投资实践。\n《外商投资法》第2条规定：“本法所称外商投资，是指外国的自然人、企业或者其他组织（以下称外国投资者）直接或者间接在中国境内进行的投资活动，包括下列情形：（一）外国投资者单独或者与其他投资者共同在中国境内设立外商投资企业；（二）外国投资者取得中国境内企业的股份、股权、财产份额或者其他类似权益；（三）外国投资者单独或者与其他投资者共同在中国境内投资新建项目；（四）法律、行政法规或者国务院规定的其他方式的投资。”这就将现在已有和将来可能的各种外商投资形式都涵盖在内，实现了立法的周延覆盖。\n同时，第33条规定外国投资者并购中国境内企业或者以其他方式参与经营者集中的，应当依照我国反垄断法的规定接受经营者集中审查；第35条规定国家建立外商投资安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的外商投资进行安全审查。这就在立法层面实现了与反垄断审查和国家安全审查制度的衔接，对外商投资实践予以更加周延的覆盖。\n配套法规、文件有待出台\n《外商投资法》适应我国经济发展和国际国内形势变化需求，对外商投资实践予以统一规范，全面落实内外资一视同仁的国民待遇原则，加强对外国投资者及其投资的保护，有助于完善我国营商环境，提振外国投资者信心，推动新一轮高水平对外开放。\n与此同时必须看到，《外商投资法》的规定总体上较为原则和概括。从篇幅看，总共只有42条；相较之下，2015年商务部发布的《外国投资法（草案征求意见稿）》则有170条，各方面的制度设计要详细、具体得多。诚然，篇幅的缩减在一定程度上是转变思路、简政放权、减少对外商投资的管理性规定所致；但另一方面，《外商投资法》的一些制度确实只是框架性、原则性的规定，如无配套法规或政策性文件，本身难以实施。例如，该法规定建立的外商投资企业投诉工作机制、外商投资信息报告制度、外商投资安全审查制度，都有待具体落实。再如，5年过渡期内现有外商投资企业如何保留原有企业组织形式、港澳台投资如何参照或者比照适用《外商投资法》等，也都有待制定具体的实施办法。\n因此，建议由国务院尽快出台《外商投资法》实施条例或细则，以及其他必要的法规或者政策性文件，使《外商投资法》顺利开启对外开放新篇章。 （廖凡）\n近日，浙江杭州桐庐县主要领导组成企业服务小分队，专程前往成都西南交通大学，为企业牵线搭桥，对接产学研一体化建设事项。\n此行缘于今年元宵节“早餐会”上，杭州科德磁业公司提出想与西南交大合建实验室，但怕自己分量不够，希望政府出面，桐庐县委书记方毅当场答应。每月一期，由县委书记、县长组织，按不同主题邀请3位至5位企业家座谈——桐庐的“早餐会”，已成为打通服务基层“最后一公里”的生动写照。\n自2月份起，桐庐县出台“大抓基层、大抓调研，转会风、转学风”20条意见，成立“基层办”协调破难题，切实促进“部门牵着基层跑”向“部门围着基层转”转变。截至目前，该县共收集乡镇（街道）、企业反映问题30个，已协调解决19个，实质性推进4个，问题解决率达76.7%。\n“基层遇到困难时，常常求助难、协调难，部门与基层间缺乏一个高效、专业、全面的沟通渠道。”桐庐县委改革办主任黄建军说，通过“基层办”服务基层，变被动为主动，变“居高临下”为“平起平坐”。\n服务基层，要“打开门”听诉求。“基层办”依托县重大决策执行监察平台、“基层办”指定公务员邮箱和“基层办”主动搜集整理等渠道，搜集乡镇（街道）在日常工作、重大项目推进中遇到的难点、堵点和投诉问题，切实做到基层有困难可以求助、有不满可以申诉、有意见可以投诉。此外，桐庐还设立浙江省首个“企业家日”，推出“我们的早餐会”“我们的篮球赛”等亲清政商交流载体。\n服务基层，要有问题导向。为解决基层干部会议冗长繁多、陪会等“会议之痛”，桐庐提出“加强办会源头控制”。对于干部在改革创新中怕问责，不敢为、不想为、不作为的一些状况，桐庐出台深化干部容错免责机制，让干部卸下“思想包袱”，甩开膀子加油干。在解决历史遗留问题、部门法规“相互冲突”问题和大胆改革创新中，试行容错免责事前备案审查制度，建立失实信访举报澄清工作机制。\n服务基层，要真抓实干。“基层办”实行分层协调交办机制。对于部门协调有难度或需多部门研究落实的，由县领导领办协调处理；属部门职权范围内并可以处理解决的问题，通过交办单等形式直接交部门办理，并限定7个工作日内反馈办理情况；从全县干部队伍中选聘工作经验丰富、攻坚克难能力突出的同志组成专家组，定期会商、解决难题。\n与此同时，“基层办”也建立效果评价及通报考核制度，对办理过程持续跟踪督促，对部门服务基层实效实行绩效评估，最终形成问题搜集、交办、督办、反馈、结果运用闭环办理机制，真正实现“基层吹哨、部门报到”。如每季度召开一次“述职会”，对年初确定下来的重点工作完成情况作出汇报和点评；到年底召开一次“评议会”，由乡镇（街道）、县级机关部门主要负责人来对县四套班子领导全年工作“打分”和评议。\n突出担当实干导向，推动干部到基层去、资源向基层配、负担替基层减、机制为基层建。桐庐目前正开展机构牌子多、职责事项多、工作台账多、政务APP多、上墙制度多、考核督查多、创建评比多“七多”问题整治，为精细化城市治理作出有益探索。\n\n桐庐县是如何推动部门服务基层、解决基层问题的?采取了哪些具体做法?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a56d5a348695471f80a35af07d82ac80", "conversation_index": 483249, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1037, "prompt": "2022-02-01T00:00:00.000Z,38,232.3,52.2,45.4,95.8,50.032,420\n2022-02-02T00:00:00.000Z,22.4,226.3,73.9,52.7,87.8,37.553,639\n2022-02-03T00:00:00.000Z,5.7,328.6,40.4,17.2,70.7,68.71,630\n2022-02-04T00:00:00.000Z,5.9,336.5,113.2,32.1,149.9,84.692,646\n2022-02-05T00:00:00.000Z,14.4,112.8,46.5,35.5,62,22.11,627\n2022-02-06T00:00:00.000Z,4.7,93.8,34.35,10.2,46.5,22.708,630\n2022-02-07T00:00:00.000Z,4.3,158.7,18.85,8.5,56,34.962,614\n2022-02-08T00:00:00.000Z,1.4,117.4,24.8,8.44,47.15,30.429,605\n2022-02-09T00:00:00.000Z,3.4,236.9,52.6,32.95,117.7,61.295,620\n2022-02-10T00:00:00.000Z,19.7,168.4,60.8,43.85,95.35,36.88,609\n2022-02-11T00:00:00.000Z,5.9,130.6,29.2,15,44.1,22.785,614\n2022-02-12T00:00:00.000Z,5.2,287.7,23.05,12,178.1,87.887,618\n2022-02-13T00:00:00.000Z,41.9,291.6,85.6,57.4,131.9,61.826,606\n2022-02-14T00:00:00.000Z,9.9,345,118,85.3,191.7,85.37,619\n2022-02-15T00:00:00.000Z,3.2,199.6,30,11.8,66.4,44.223,615\n2022-02-16T00:00:00.000Z,10.1,200.4,38.4,22.2,71.2,43.855,570\n2022-02-17T00:00:00.000Z,1.3,176.2,51.75,5.7,107.6,52.377,590\n2022-02-18T00:00:00.000Z,7.4,138.4,53.3,19,85.1,35.208,620\n2022-02-19T00:00:00.000Z,8.2,194.1,44.2,21.1,63.2,32.743,611\n2022-02-20T00:00:00.000Z,4,72.5,39,13,47.5,16.999,606\n2022-02-21T00:00:00.000Z,1.1,142.4,42.4,11.9,48.6,29.964,636\n2022-02-22T00:00:00.000Z,3.6,261.9,48.9,20.3,66.7,53.169,619\n2022-02-23T00:00:00.000Z,4.2,178.7,45.1,22.75,72.65,35.305,589\n2022-02-24T00:00:00.000Z,6.1,210.2,31.6,20.3,55.6,45.898,611\n2022-02-25T00:00:00.000Z,4.1,122.1,37.4,14,74.75,32.618,617\n2022-02-26T00:00:00."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6db6a813ff3c4084ab7ffadc49ddec68", "conversation_index": 890986, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1241, "prompt": "Analiza el patrón(es) en la siguiente serie de datos:\n15\n1\n6\n5\n1\n12\n11\n15\n1\n7\n8\n12\n3\n3\n13\n2\n9\n4\n3\n18\n10\n20\n1\n7\n7\n14\n6\n1\n3\n1\n14\n4\n15\n6\n1\n13\n1\n4\n1\n8\n1\n7\n10\n10\n4\n1\n3\n24\n19\n2\n18\n17\n2\n11\n13\n22\n15\n2\n1\n11\n8\n9\n15\n2\n2\n3\n11\n11\n17\n8\n6\n2\n14\n1\n1\n1\n7\n6\n2\n6\n12\n12\n1\n4\n5\n9\n10\n18\n5\n7\n15\n8\n4\n6\n7\n10\n17\n3\n9\n4\n13\n7\n1\n3\n10\n14\n10\n7\n5\n11\n6\n13\n12\n8\n9\n6\n3\n1\n1\n2\n3\n7\n11\n16\n3\n5\n8\n6\n4\n21\n12\n2\n2\n2\n6\n5\n2\n1\n6\n10\n3\n17\n3\n4\n8\n3\n2\n8\n20\n2\n10\n5\n8\n19\n11\n5\n19\n1\n6\n8\n9\n8\n5\n11\n10\n1\n5\n2\n3\n1\n14\n4\n4\n15\n3\n9\n10\n9\n10\n5\n2\n6\n8\n7\n3\n16\n16\n1\n3\n1\n19\n3\n3\n6\n6\n2\n24\n6\n5\n6\n18\n3\n6\n3\n20\n15\n6\n3\n10\n4\n1\n1\n4\n1\n3\n3\n3\n9\n2\n1\n1\n1\n10\n3\n10\n4\n15\n6\n2\n1\n1\n9\n2\n6\n10\n3\n9\n10\n2\n6\n6\n7\n10\n6\n4\n11\n17\n2\n11\n6\n1\n18\n21\n4\n1\n3\n19\n4\n2\n5\n4\n12\n2\n3\n2\n7\n2\n8\n3\n2\n17\n11\n2\n10\n12\n4\n11\n8\n8\n21\n2\n24\n4\n10\n1\n16\n2\n1\n12\n17\n1\n6\n4\n10\n5\n1\n19\n5\n5\n4\n1\n8\n11\n2\n4\n5\n8\n9\n24\n6\n16\n3\n2\n4\n1\n9\n2\n7\n13\n1\n5\n5\n8\n1\n3\n22\n10\n4\n5\n2\n5\n2\n7\n18\n4\n1\n13\n2\n7\n8\n10\n3\n2\n7\n10\n2\n6\n10\n1\n1\n9\n13\n1\n5\n2\n1\n19\n9\n1\n22\n22\n3\n12\n17\n6\n2\n7\n7\n5\n5\n1\n9\n1\n5\n12\n5\n16\n6\n8\n1\n7\n17\n7\n14\n1\n6\n7\n4\n3\n11\n4\n5\n6\n6\n1\n1\n4\n14\n10\n2\n13\n5\n2\n4\n17\n27\n5\n3\n6\n3\n22\n2\n4\n4\n3\n9\n8\n3\n8\n1\n1\n7\n9\n7\n1\n6\n6\n26\n21\n5\n8\n7\n14\n7\n21\n6\n1\n6\n14\n2\n10\n8\n12\n7\n8\n1\n22\n8\n8\n15\n2\n14\n9\n20\n1\n5\n5\n1\n2\n11\n2\n12\n17\n7\n4\n18\n1\n6\n12\n17\n9\n13\n9\n1\n2\n1\n2\n5\n2\n8\n17\n10\n8\n1\n4\n14\n1\n12\n8\n3\n5\n1\n1\n14\n3\n7\n3\n15\n1\n17\n1\n1\n9\n3\n19\n4\n3\n11\n20\n7\n1\n13\n6\n4\n3\n14\n4\n21\n5\n15\n13\n5\n6\n13\n20\n5\n22\n1\n1\n16\n7\n9\n7\n1\n1\n16\n7\n3\n2\n2\n4\n6\n6\n1\n5\n3\n12\n14\n1\n15\n2\n14\n3\n7\n3\n2\n5\n2\n3\n1\n1\n12\n9\n5\n2\n9\n2\n20\n4\n5\n10\n7\n23\n5\n4\n14\n14\n11\n6\n2\n1\n24\n7\n2\n3\n12\n17\n2\n2\n10\n2\n5\n2\n8\n1\n3\n8\n7\n7\n6\n12\n16\n4\n24\n9\n2\n2\n1\n4\n21\n1\n4\n3\n11\n"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "252ffc490f0b4b81bb085544b1a81965", "conversation_index": 42977, "turn_index": 6, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 919, "prompt": "탭\n[마로백 미니]\nhttps://marhenj.co.kr/m/product.\nGen Z and Gen Alpha\nInfographic Update - Mc.\nmccrindle\nHome\nArticles\nGen Z and Gen\nAlpha Infographic Update\nhttps://mccrindle.com.au/article.\nOpenAI, ChatGPT Plugins\n공개 GeekNews\n등의 소스에서 가장 관련성이 높은\n자료를 찾아준.\n이 폴러그인은 오픈소스로 공개\n댓글 적기\nhttps://news.hada.io/topic?id=87.\n댓글 달기\n네이버 부동산\nN부동산\nM\nP\n동작구 사당동\n조권연경\n오피스텔,빌라 보증금 1.5억 이하 월 70\n월세\n빌라 원세\nO\n1억/60 9 사당동만 보기\n일라 원세\n1억 5,000/30\n평당가\nhttps://m.land.naver.com/map/3.\n연마수세미:네이버 통합검\n색\n연마수세미\n통합 VIEW 이미지 지식iN 인\nLu\n오늘]\nSSS-Brt\n광고0 숙씨네\nNPy + 포인트 16원\n구매29 리뷰62찜17\nhttps://m.search.naver.com/sear.\nLOUVE 루브\npre-summer 5% orF s4/3월 (일부제품 소진시 종료)\nLOUVE\nSHOP CART\nhttps://m.louve.co.kr/index.html\nALL- LOUVE\n비밀 모드\nhtps:/m.I 켜 기 p.kr/product/lis.\npre-summer 5% OFF ~4/3월 (일부제품 소진시 종료)\nDP\n새\n탭\n상품정렬\n너는 일반 사용자야. 스마트폰에서 위와 같은 내용이 포함된 인터넷이나 앱을 사용 중이야. 여기서 네가 추가적으로 궁금해하고 혹은 유용해할 정보나 활동을 제안하고자 해. 그러기 위해서 위 컨텐츠를 분석해서 아래 내용을 하나의 표로 만들어줘.\n\n표 1열 제목은 아래와 같이 넣어줘.\n1행: 컨텐츠 출처\n2행: 컨텐츠 개수\n3행: 컨텐츠 종류\n4행: 목적\n5행: 1단어 요약\n6행: 1문장 요약\n7행: 3문장 요약\n8행: 활성 중인 활동\n9행: 추가적인 관심 예측\n10행: 유용한 정보 카테고리\n11행: 유용한 정보\n12행: 유용한 설명\n13행: 유용한 활동 카테고리\n14행: 유용한 활동\n15행: 유용한 활동 설명\n16행: 유용한 링크\n17행: 앱 추천\n18행: 다음 행동 예측\n\n표 2열 내용은 아래 내용으로 채워줘.\n1행: 컨텐츠 출처\n2행: 컨텐츠 종류의 개수\n3행: 컨텐츠 종류\n4행: 무엇을 위해서 이 컨텐츠를 보고 있을까?\n5행: 1단어 요약\n6행: 1문장 요약\n7행: 3문장 요약\n8행: 각 컨텐츠는 사용자가 어떤 활동 중에 접할 수 있는 컨텐츠?\n9행: 위 활동 중에 사용자에게 어떤 정보나 활동에 추가적인 관심이 생길까?\n10행: 연관되는 유용한 정보 카테고리 5개\n11행: 위 카테고리에 해당하는 유용한 정보 2개씩\n12행: 위 유용한 정보 첫번째 간단히 설명\n13행: 연관되는 유용한 활동 카테고리 5개\n14행: 위 카테고리에 해당하는 유용한 활동 2개씩\n15행: 위 유용한 활동 첫번째 간단히 설명\n16행: 연관되는 유용한 링크 5개\n17행: 위와 연관해서 다음에 실행할 것으로 추정되는 안드로이드 어플리케이션 3개\n18행: 위와 연관해서 다음에 할 행동 예측 3개"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "7ae4bef314822296f12c98a9fb1983dd3f2b69c217e0dee5", "conversation_index": 3540, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5899, "prompt": "# language: Python\nfrom __future__ import division\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom mmcv.cnn import normal_init\nfrom mmdet.core import (AnchorGeneratorRotated, anchor_target,\n                        build_bbox_coder, delta2bbox_rotated, force_fp32,\n                        images_to_levels, multi_apply, multiclass_nms_rotated)\n\nfrom...ops import DeformConv\nfrom...ops.orn import ORConv2d, RotationInvariantPooling\nfrom..builder import build_loss\nfrom..registry import HEADS\nfrom..utils import ConvModule, bias_init_with_prob\n\n\n@HEADS.register_module\nclass S2ANetHead(nn.Module):\n\n    def __init__(self,\n                 num_classes,\n                 in_channels,\n                 feat_channels=256,\n                 stacked_convs=2,\n                 with_orconv=True,\n                 anchor_scales=[4],\n                 anchor_ratios=[1.0],\n                 anchor_strides=[8, 16, 32, 64, 128],\n                 anchor_base_sizes=None,\n                 target_means=(.0,.0,.0,.0,.0),\n                 target_stds=(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0),\n                 loss_fam_cls=dict(\n                     type='FocalLoss',\n                     use_sigmoid=True,\n                     gamma=2.0,\n                     alpha=0.25,\n                     loss_weight=1.0),\n                 loss_fam_bbox=dict(\n                     type='SmoothL1Loss', beta=1.0 / 9.0, loss_weight=1.0),\n                 loss_odm_cls=dict(\n                     type='FocalLoss',\n                     use_sigmoid=True,\n                     gamma=2.0,\n                     alpha=0.25,\n                     loss_weight=1.0),\n                 loss_odm_bbox=dict(\n                     type='SmoothL1Loss', beta=1.0 / 9.0, loss_weight=1.0)):\n        super(S2ANetHead, self).__init__()\n        self.num_classes = num_classes\n        self.in_channels = in_channels\n        self.feat_channels = feat_channels\n        self.stacked_convs = stacked_convs\n        self.with_orconv = with_orconv\n        self.anchor_scales = anchor_scales\n        self.anchor_ratios = anchor_ratios\n        self.anchor_strides = anchor_strides\n        self.anchor_base_sizes = list(\n            anchor_strides) if anchor_base_sizes is None else anchor_base_sizes\n        self.target_means = target_means\n        self.target_stds = target_stds\n\n        self.use_sigmoid_cls = loss_odm_cls.get('use_sigmoid', False)\n        self.sampling = loss_odm_cls['type'] not in ['FocalLoss', 'GHMC']\n        if self.use_sigmoid_cls:\n            self.cls_out_channels = num_classes - 1\n        else:\n            self.cls_out_channels = num_classes\n\n        if self.cls_out_channels <= 0:\n            raise ValueError('num_classes={} is too small'.format(num_classes))\n        self.loss_fam_cls = build_loss(loss_fam_cls)\n        self.loss_fam_bbox = build_loss(loss_fam_bbox)\n        self.loss_odm_cls = build_loss(loss_odm_cls)\n        self.loss_odm_bbox = build_loss(loss_odm_bbox)\n        self.fp16_enabled = False\n\n        self.anchor_generators = []\n        for anchor_base in self.anchor_base_sizes:\n            self.anchor_generators.append(\n                AnchorGeneratorRotated(anchor_base, anchor_scales, anchor_ratios))\n        # training mode\n        self.training = True\n        self.base_anchors = dict()\n        self._init_layers()\n\n    def _init_layers(self):\n        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n        self.fam_reg_convs = nn.ModuleList()\n        self.fam_cls_convs = nn.ModuleList()\n        for i in range(self.stacked_convs):\n            chn = self.in_channels if i == 0 else self.feat_channels\n            self.fam_reg_convs.append(\n                ConvModule(\n                    chn,\n                    self.feat_channels,\n                    3,\n                    stride=1,\n                    padding=1))\n            self.fam_cls_convs.append(\n                ConvModule(\n                    chn,\n                    self.feat_channels,\n                    3,\n                    stride=1,\n                    padding=1))\n\n        self.fam_reg = nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels, 5, 1)\n        self.fam_cls = nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels, self.cls_out_channels, 1)\n\n        self.align_conv = AlignConv(\n            self.feat_channels, self.feat_channels, kernel_size=3)\n\n        if self.with_orconv:\n            self.or_conv = ORConv2d(self.feat_channels, int(\n                self.feat_channels / 8), kernel_size=3, padding=1, arf_config=(1, 8))\n        else:\n            self.or_conv = nn.Conv2d(\n                self.feat_channels, self.feat_channels, 3, padding=1)\n        self.or_pool = RotationInvariantPooling(256, 8)\n\n        self.odm_reg_convs = nn.ModuleList()\n        self.odm_cls_convs = nn.ModuleList()\n        for i in range(self.stacked_convs):\n            chn = int(self.feat_channels /\n                      8) if i == 0 and self.with_orconv else self.feat_channels\n            self.odm_reg_convs.append(\n                ConvModule(\n                    self.feat_channels,\n                    self.feat_channels,\n                    3,\n                    stride=1,\n                    padding=1))\n            self.odm_cls_convs.append(\n                ConvModule(\n                    chn,\n                    self.feat_channels,\n                    3,\n                    stride=1,\n                    padding=1))\n\n        self.odm_cls = nn.Conv2d(\n            self.feat_channels, self.cls_out_channels, 3, padding=1)\n        self.odm_reg = nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels, 5, 3, padding=1)\n\n    def init_weights(self):\n        for m in self.fam_reg_convs:\n            normal_init(m.conv, std=0.01)\n        for m in self.fam_cls_convs:\n            normal_init(m.conv, std=0.01)\n        bias_cls = bias_init_with_prob(0.01)\n        normal_init(self.fam_reg, std=0.01)\n        normal_init(self.fam_cls, std=0.01, bias=bias_cls)\n\n        self.align_conv.init_weights()\n\n        normal_init(self.or_conv, std=0.01)\n        for m in self.odm_reg_convs:\n            normal_init(m.conv, std=0.01)\n        for m in self.odm_cls_convs:\n            normal_init(m.conv, std=0.01)\n        normal_init(self.odm_cls, std=0.01, bias=bias_cls)\n        normal_init(self.odm_reg, std=0.01)\n\n    def forward_single(self, x, stride):\n        fam_reg_feat = x\n        for fam_reg_conv in self.fam_reg_convs:\n            fam_reg_feat = fam_reg_conv(fam_reg_feat)\n        fam_bbox_pred = self.fam_reg(fam_reg_feat)\n\n        # only forward during training\n        if self.training:\n            fam_cls_feat = x\n            for fam_cls_conv in self.fam_cls_convs:\n                fam_cls_feat = fam_cls_conv(fam_cls_feat)\n            fam_cls_score = self.fam_cls(fam_cls_feat)\n        else:\n            fam_cls_score = None\n\n        num_level = self.anchor_strides.index(stride)\n        featmap_size = fam_bbox_pred.shape[-2:]\n        if (num_level, featmap_size) in self.base_anchors:\n            init_anchors = self.base_anchors[(num_level, featmap_size)]\n        else:\n            device = fam_bbox_pred.device\n            init_anchors = self.anchor_generators[num_level].grid_anchors(\n                featmap_size, self.anchor_strides[num_level], device=device)\n            self.base_anchors[(num_level, featmap_size)] = init_anchors\n\n        refine_anchor = bbox_decode(\n            fam_bbox_pred.detach(),\n            init_anchors,\n            self.target_means,\n            self.target_stds)\n\n        align_feat = self.align_conv(x, refine_anchor.clone(), stride)\n\n        or_feat = self.or_conv(align_feat)\n        odm_reg_feat = or_feat\n        if self.with_orconv:\n            odm_cls_feat = self.or_pool(or_feat)\n        else:\n            odm_cls_feat = or_feat\n\n        for odm_reg_conv in self.odm_reg_convs:\n            odm_reg_feat = odm_reg_conv(odm_reg_feat)\n        for odm_cls_conv in self.odm_cls_convs:\n            odm_cls_feat = odm_cls_conv(odm_cls_feat)\n        odm_cls_score = self.odm_cls(odm_cls_feat)\n        odm_bbox_pred = self.odm_reg(odm_reg_feat)\n\n        return fam_cls_score, fam_bbox_pred, refine_anchor, odm_cls_score, odm_bbox_pred\n\n    def forward(self, feats):\n        return multi_apply(self.forward_single, feats, self.anchor_strides)\n\n    def get_init_anchors(self,\n                         featmap_sizes,\n                         img_metas,\n                         device='cuda'):\n        \"\"\"Get anchors according to feature map sizes.\n\n        Args:\n            featmap_sizes (list[tuple]): Multi-level feature map sizes.\n            img_metas (list[dict]): Image meta info.\n            device (torch.device | str): device for returned tensors\n\n        Returns:\n            tuple: anchors of each image, valid flags of each image\n        \"\"\"\n        num_imgs = len(img_metas)\n        num_levels = len(featmap_sizes)\n\n        multi_level_anchors = []\n        for i in range(num_levels):\n            anchors = self.anchor_generators[i].grid_anchors(\n                featmap_sizes[i], self.anchor_strides[i], device=device)\n            multi_level_anchors.append(anchors)\n        anchor_list = [multi_level_anchors for _ in range(num_imgs)]\n\n        valid_flag_list = []\n        for img_id, img_meta in enumerate(img_metas):\n            multi_level_flags = []\n            for i in range(num_levels):\n                anchor_stride = self.anchor_strides[i]\n                feat_h, feat_w = featmap_sizes[i]\n                h, w, _ = img_meta['pad_shape']\n                valid_feat_h = min(int(np.ceil(h / anchor_stride)), feat_h)\n                valid_feat_w = min(int(np.ceil(w / anchor_stride)), feat_w)\n                flags = self.anchor_generators[i].valid_flags(\n                    (feat_h, feat_w), (valid_feat_h, valid_feat_w),\n                    device=device)\n                multi_level_flags.append(flags)\n            valid_flag_list.append(multi_level_flags)\n        return anchor_list, valid_flag_list\n\n    def get_refine_anchors(self,\n                           featmap_sizes,\n                           refine_anchors,\n                           img_metas,\n                           is_train=True,\n                           device='cuda'):\n        num_levels = len(featmap_sizes)\n\n        refine_anchors_list = []\n        for img_id, img_meta in enumerate(img_metas):\n            mlvl_refine_anchors = []\n            for i in range(num_levels):\n                refine_anchor = refine_anchors[i][img_id].reshape(-1, 5)\n                mlvl_refine_anchors.append(refine_anchor)\n            refine_anchors_list.append(mlvl_refine_anchors)\n\n        valid_flag_list = []\n        if is_train:\n            for img_id, img_meta in enumerate(img_metas):\n                multi_level_flags = []\n                for i in range(num_levels):\n                    anchor_stride = self.anchor_strides[i]\n                    feat_h, feat_w = featmap_sizes[i]\n                    h, w, _ = img_meta['pad_shape']\n                    valid_feat_h = min(int(np.ceil(h / anchor_stride)), feat_h)\n                    valid_feat_w = min(int(np.ceil(w / anchor_stride)), feat_w)\n                    flags = self.anchor_generators[i].valid_flags(\n                        (feat_h, feat_w), (valid_feat_h, valid_feat_w),\n                        device=device)\n                    multi_level_flags.append(flags)\n                valid_flag_list.append(multi_level_flags)\n        return refine_anchors_list, valid_flag_list\n\n    @force_fp32(apply_to=(\n        'fam_cls_scores',\n        'fam_bbox_preds',\n        'odm_cls_scores',\n        'odm_bbox_preds'))\n    def loss(self,\n             fam_cls_scores,\n             fam_bbox_preds,\n             refine_anchors,\n             odm_cls_scores,\n             odm_bbox_preds,\n             gt_bboxes,\n             gt_labels,\n             img_metas,\n             cfg,\n             gt_bboxes_ignore=None):\n        featmap_sizes = [featmap.size()[-2:] for featmap in odm_cls_scores]\n        assert len(featmap_sizes) == len(self.anchor_generators)\n        device = odm_cls_scores[0].device\n\n        anchor_list, valid_flag_list = self.get_init_anchors(\n            featmap_sizes, img_metas, device=device)\n\n        num_level_anchors = [anchors.size(0) for anchors in anchor_list[0]]\n        concat_anchor_list = []\n        for i in range(len(anchor_list)):\n            concat_anchor_list.append(torch.cat(anchor_list[i]))\n        all_anchor_list = images_to_levels(concat_anchor_list,\n                                           num_level_anchors)\n\n        # Feature Alignment Module\n        label_channels = self.cls_out_channels if self.use_sigmoid_cls else 1\n        cls_reg_targets = anchor_target(\n            anchor_list,\n            valid_flag_list,\n            gt_bboxes,\n            img_metas,\n            self.target_means,\n            self.target_stds,\n            cfg.fam_cfg,\n            gt_bboxes_ignore_list=gt_bboxes_ignore,\n            gt_labels_list=gt_labels,\n            label_channels=label_channels,\n            sampling=self.sampling)\n        if cls_reg_targets is None:\n            return None\n        (labels_list, label_weights_list, bbox_targets_list, bbox_weights_list,\n         num_total_pos, num_total_neg) = cls_reg_targets\n        num_total_samples = (\n            num_total_pos + num_total_neg if self.sampling else num_total_pos)\n\n        losses_fam_cls, losses_fam_bbox = multi_apply(\n            self.loss_fam_single,\n            fam_cls_scores,\n            fam_bbox_preds,\n            all_anchor_list,\n            labels_list,\n            label_weights_list,\n            bbox_targets_list,\n            bbox_weights_list,\n            num_total_samples=num_total_samples,\n            cfg=cfg.fam_cfg)\n\n        refine_anchors_list, valid_flag_list = self.get_refine_anchors(\n            featmap_sizes, refine_anchors, img_metas, device=device)\n\n        num_level_anchors = [anchors.size(0)\n                             for anchors in refine_anchors_list[0]]\n        concat_anchor_list = []\n        for i in range(len(refine_anchors_list)):\n            concat_anchor_list.append(torch.cat(refine_anchors_list[i]))\n        all_anchor_list = images_to_levels(concat_anchor_list,\n                                           num_level_anchors)\n\n        label_channels = self.cls_out_channels if self.use_sigmoid_cls else 1\n        cls_reg_targets = anchor_target(\n            refine_anchors_list,\n            valid_flag_list,\n            gt_bboxes,\n            img_metas,\n            self.target_means,\n            self.target_stds,\n            cfg.odm_cfg,\n            gt_bboxes_ignore_list=gt_bboxes_ignore,\n            gt_labels_list=gt_labels,\n            label_channels=label_channels,\n            sampling=self.sampling)\n        if cls_reg_targets is None:\n            return None\n        (labels_list, label_weights_list, bbox_targets_list, bbox_weights_list,\n         num_total_pos, num_total_neg) = cls_reg_targets\n        num_total_samples = (\n            num_total_pos + num_total_neg if self.sampling else num_total_pos)\n\n        losses_odm_cls, losses_odm_bbox = multi_apply(\n            self.loss_odm_single,\n            odm_cls_scores,\n            odm_bbox_preds,\n            all_anchor_list,\n            labels_list,\n            label_weights_list,\n            bbox_targets_list,\n            bbox_weights_list,\n            num_total_samples=num_total_samples,\n            cfg=cfg.odm_cfg)\n\n        return dict(loss_fam_cls=losses_fam_cls,\n                    loss_fam_bbox=losses_fam_bbox,\n                    loss_odm_cls=losses_odm_cls,\n                    loss_odm_bbox=losses_odm_bbox)\n\n    def loss_fam_single(self,\n                        fam_cls_score,\n                        fam_bbox_pred,\n                        anchors,\n                        labels,\n                        label_weights,\n                        bbox_targets,\n                        bbox_weights,\n                        num_total_samples,\n                        cfg):\n        labels = labels.reshape(-1)\n        label_weights = label_weights.reshape(-1)\n        fam_cls_score = fam_cls_score.permute(\n            0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, self.cls_out_channels)\n        loss_fam_cls = self.loss_fam_cls(\n            fam_cls_score, labels, label_weights, avg_factor=num_total_samples)\n        # regression loss\n        bbox_targets = bbox_targets.reshape(-1, 5)\n        bbox_weights = bbox_weights.reshape(-1, 5)\n        fam_bbox_pred = fam_bbox_pred.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, 5)\n\n        reg_decoded_bbox = cfg.get('reg_decoded_bbox', False)\n        if reg_decoded_bbox:\n            # When the regression loss (e.g. `IouLoss`, `GIouLoss`)\n            bbox_coder_cfg = cfg.get('bbox_coder', '')\n            if bbox_coder_cfg == '':\n                bbox_coder_cfg = dict(type='DeltaXYWHBBoxCoder')\n            bbox_coder = build_bbox_coder(bbox_coder_cfg)\n            anchors = anchors.reshape(-1, 5)\n            fam_bbox_pred = bbox_coder.decode(anchors, fam_bbox_pred)\n        loss_fam_bbox = self.loss_fam_bbox(\n            fam_bbox_pred,\n            bbox_targets,\n            bbox_weights,\n            avg_factor=num_total_samples)\n        return loss_fam_cls, loss_fam_bbox\n\n    def loss_odm_single(self,\n                        odm_cls_score,\n                        odm_bbox_pred,\n                        anchors,\n                        labels,\n                        label_weights,\n                        bbox_targets,\n                        bbox_weights,\n                        num_total_samples,\n                        cfg):\n        labels = labels.reshape(-1)\n        label_weights = label_weights.reshape(-1)\n        odm_cls_score = odm_cls_score.permute(0, 2, 3,\n                                              1).reshape(-1, self.cls_out_channels)\n        loss_odm_cls = self.loss_odm_cls(\n            odm_cls_score, labels, label_weights, avg_factor=num_total_samples)\n        # regression loss\n        bbox_targets = bbox_targets.reshape(-1, 5)\n        bbox_weights = bbox_weights.reshape(-1, 5)\n        odm_bbox_pred = odm_bbox_pred.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, 5)\n\n        reg_decoded_bbox = cfg.get('reg_decoded_bbox', False)\n        if reg_decoded_bbox:\n            # When the regression loss (e.g. `IouLoss`, `GIouLoss`)\n            bbox_coder_cfg = cfg.get('bbox_coder', '')\n            if bbox_coder_cfg == '':\n                bbox_coder_cfg = dict(type='DeltaXYWHBBoxCoder')\n            bbox_coder = build_bbox_coder(bbox_coder_cfg)\n            anchors = anchors.reshape(-1, 5)\n            odm_bbox_pred = bbox_coder.decode(anchors, odm_bbox_pred)\n        loss_odm_bbox = self.loss_odm_bbox(\n            odm_bbox_pred,\n            bbox_targets,\n            bbox_weights,\n            avg_factor=num_total_samples)\n        return loss_odm_cls, loss_odm_bbox\n\n    @force_fp32(apply_to=(\n        'fam_cls_scores',\n        'fam_bbox_preds',\n        'odm_cls_scores',\n        'odm_bbox_preds'))\n    def get_bboxes(self,\n                   fam_cls_scores,\n                   fam_bbox_preds,\n                   refine_anchors,\n                   odm_cls_scores,\n                   odm_bbox_preds,\n                   img_metas,\n                   cfg,\n                   rescale=False):\n        assert len(odm_cls_scores) == len(odm_bbox_preds)\n\n        featmap_sizes = [featmap.size()[-2:] for featmap in odm_cls_scores]\n        num_levels = len(odm_cls_scores)\n        device = odm_cls_scores[0].device\n\n        refine_anchors = self.get_refine_anchors(\n            featmap_sizes, refine_anchors, img_metas, is_train=False, device=device)\n        result_list = []\n        for img_id in range(len(img_metas)):\n            cls_score_list = [\n                odm_cls_scores[i][img_id].detach() for i in range(num_levels)\n            ]\n            bbox_pred_list = [\n                odm_bbox_preds[i][img_id].detach() for i in range(num_levels)\n            ]\n            img_shape = img_metas[img_id]['img_shape']\n            scale_factor = img_metas[img_id]['scale_factor']\n            proposals = self.get_bboxes_single(cls_score_list, bbox_pred_list,\n                                               refine_anchors[0][0], img_shape,\n                                               scale_factor, cfg, rescale)\n\n            result_list.append(proposals)\n        return result_list\n\n    def get_bboxes_single(self,\n                          cls_score_list,\n                          bbox_pred_list,\n                          mlvl_anchors,\n                          img_shape,\n                          scale_factor,\n                          cfg,\n                          rescale=False):\n        \"\"\"\n        Transform outputs for a single batch item into labeled boxes.\n        \"\"\"\n        assert len(cls_score_list) == len(bbox_pred_list) == len(mlvl_anchors)\n        mlvl_bboxes = []\n        mlvl_scores = []\n        for cls_score, bbox_pred, anchors in zip(cls_score_list,\n                                                 bbox_pred_list, mlvl_anchors):\n            assert cls_score.size()[-2:] == bbox_pred.size()[-2:]\n            cls_score = cls_score.permute(\n                1, 2, 0).reshape(-1, self.cls_out_channels)\n\n            if self.use_sigmoid_cls:\n                scores = cls_score.sigmoid()\n            else:\n                scores = cls_score.softmax(-1)\n\n            bbox_pred = bbox_pred.permute(1, 2, 0).reshape(-1, 5)\n            nms_pre = cfg.get('nms_pre', -1)\n            if nms_pre > 0 and scores.shape[0] > nms_pre:\n                if self.use_sigmoid_cls:\n                    max_scores, _ = scores.max(dim=1)\n                else:\n                    max_scores, _ = scores[:, 1:].max(dim=1)\n                _, topk_inds = max_scores.topk(nms_pre)\n                anchors = anchors[topk_inds, :]\n                bbox_pred = bbox_pred[topk_inds, :]\n                scores = scores[topk_inds, :]\n            bboxes = delta2bbox_rotated(anchors, bbox_pred, self.target_means,\n                                        self.target_stds, img_shape)\n            mlvl_bboxes.append(bboxes)\n            mlvl_scores.append(scores)\n        mlvl_bboxes = torch.cat(mlvl_bboxes)\n        if rescale:\n            mlvl_bboxes[..., :4] /= mlvl_bboxes.new_tensor(scale_factor)\n        mlvl_scores = torch.cat(mlvl_scores)\n        if self.use_sigmoid_cls:\n            padding = mlvl_scores.new_zeros(mlvl_scores.shape[0], 1)\n            mlvl_scores = torch.cat([padding, mlvl_scores], dim=1)\n        det_bboxes, det_labels = multiclass_nms_rotated(mlvl_bboxes,\n                                                        mlvl_scores,\n                                                        cfg.score_thr, cfg.nms,\n                                                        cfg.max_per_img)\n        return det_bboxes, det_labels\n\n\ndef bbox_decode(\n        bbox_preds,\n        anchors,\n        means=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n        stds=[1, 1, 1, 1, 1]):\n    \"\"\"\n    Decode bboxes from deltas\n    :param bbox_preds: [N,5,H,W]\n    :param anchors: [H*W,5]\n    :param means: mean value to decode bbox\n    :param stds: std value to decode bbox\n    :return: [N,H,W,5]\n    \"\"\"\n    num_imgs, _, H, W = bbox_preds.shape\n    bboxes_list = []\n    for img_id in range(num_imgs):\n        bbox_pred = bbox_preds[img_id]\n        # bbox_pred.shape=[5,H,W]\n        bbox_delta = bbox_pred.permute(1, 2, 0).reshape(-1, 5)\n        bboxes = delta2bbox_rotated(\n            anchors, bbox_delta, means, stds, wh_ratio_clip=1e-6)\n        bboxes = bboxes.reshape(H, W, 5)\n        bboxes_list.append(bboxes)\n    return torch.stack(bboxes_list, dim=0)\n\n\nclass AlignConv(nn.Module):\n\n    def __init__(self,\n                 in_channels,\n                 out_channels,\n                 kernel_size=3,\n                 deformable_groups=1):\n        super(AlignConv, self).__init__()\n        self.kernel_size = kernel_size\n        self.deform_conv = DeformConv(in_channels,\n                                      out_channels,\n                                      kernel_size=kernel_size,\n                                      padding=(kernel_size - 1) // 2,\n                                      deformable_groups=deformable_groups)\n        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n\n    def init_weights(self):\n        normal_init(self.deform_conv, std=0.01)\n\n    @torch.no_grad()\n    def get_offset(self, anchors, featmap_size, stride):\n        dtype, device = anchors.dtype, anchors.device\n        feat_h, feat_w = featmap_size\n        pad = (self.kernel_size - 1) // 2\n        idx = torch.arange(-pad, pad + 1, dtype=dtype, device=device)\n        yy, xx = torch.meshgrid(idx, idx)\n        xx = xx.reshape(-1)\n        yy = yy.reshape(-1)\n\n        xc = torch.arange(0, feat_w, device=device, dtype=dtype)\n        yc = torch.arange(0, feat_h, device=device, dtype=dtype)\n        yc, xc = torch.meshgrid(yc, xc)\n        xc = xc.reshape(-1)\n        yc = yc.reshape(-1)\n        x_conv = xc[:, None] + xx\n        y_conv = yc[:, None] + yy\n\n        x_ctr, y_ctr, w, h, a = torch.unbind(anchors, dim=1)\n        x_ctr, y_ctr, w, h = x_ctr / stride, y_ctr / stride, w / stride, h / stride\n        cos, sin = torch.cos(a), torch.sin(a)\n        dw, dh = w / self.kernel_size, h / self.kernel_size\n        x, y = dw[:, None] * xx, dh[:, None] * yy\n        xr = cos[:, None] * x - sin[:, None] * y\n        yr = sin[:, None] * x + cos[:, None] * y\n        x_anchor, y_anchor = xr + x_ctr[:, None], yr + y_ctr[:, None]\n        # get offset filed\n        offset_x = x_anchor - x_conv\n        offset_y = y_anchor - y_conv\n        offset = torch.stack([offset_y, offset_x], dim=-1)\n        # NA,ks*ks*2\n        offset = offset.reshape(anchors.size(\n            0), -1).permute(1, 0).reshape(-1, feat_h, feat_w)\n        return offset\n\n    def forward(self, x, anchors, stride):\n        num_imgs, H, W = anchors.shape[:3]\n        offset_list = [\n            self.get_offset(anchors[i].reshape(-1, 5), (H, W), stride)\n            for i in range(num_imgs)\n        ]\n        offset_tensor = torch.stack(offset_list, dim=0)\n        x = self.relu(self.deform_conv(x, offset_tensor))\n        return x\n\nHow are the anchor strides, scales, ratios set and used to generate anchors at different feature levels?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "d0e6c0faa9b8a195c87ff958f1f058c00f771ad315ce7658", "conversation_index": 3071, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 56009, "prompt": "�����\n使用说明书\nZH\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS2\n����\n����������������������������������\n����������������\n本产品的型号、序列号、电源要求等规格可能标在铭牌上或铭\n牌附近，铭牌位于本机后部。请将该序列号填写到下方的横线\n上，并妥善保存本说明书，以便在产品被盗时作为永久购买凭\n证使用。\n型号名称 \n序列号\n(rear_zh_01)\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS3\n�������������\n����\n����� SJ/T 11364 ������\n������ EU � RoHS �����\n����������������������� GB/T 26572 �������\n���\n�������������������������� GB/T 26572 �����\n���\n�����\nLCD ��\n��Pb�\n��Hg�\n��Cd�\n����Cr (VI��\n����\n�PBB�\n�����\n�PBDE�\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS4\n注意事项\n请在操作使用前，首先仔细阅读下述内容\n请将本说明书存放在安全且便于取阅的地方，以便将来随时参阅。\n警告\n为了避免因触电、短路、损伤、火灾或其它危险可能导致的严重受伤甚至死亡，请务必遵守下列基本注意事项。这些\n注意事项包括但不限于下列情况：\n• 请勿将电源线放置在取暖器或暖气片附近。此外，不要过分\n弯折、损伤电源线，或在其上加压重物。\n• 只能使用本乐器所规定的额定电压。所要求的电压被印在本\n乐器的铭牌上。\n• 只能使用提供的电源线 / 插头。\n• 定期检查电插头，擦除插头上积起来的脏物或灰尘。\n• 请务必连接到带有保护接地连接的适当电源插座。接地不当\n可能引起触电。\n• 本乐器不含任何用户可自行修理的零件。请勿打开本乐器或\n试图拆卸其内部零件或进行任何方式的改造。若出现异常，\n请立即停止使用，并请有资质的 Yamaha 维修人员进行检修。\n• 请勿让本乐器淋雨或在水附近及潮湿环境中使用，或将盛有\n液体的容器（如花瓶、瓶子或玻璃杯）放在其 上，否则可能\n会导致液体溅入任何开口。如果任何液体如水渗入本乐器，\n请立即切断电源并从AC 电源插座拔下电源线。然后请有资质\n的 Yamaha 维修人员对设备进行检修。\n• 切勿用湿手插拔电源线插头。\n• 请勿在乐器上放置燃烧着的物体，比如蜡烛。燃烧的物体可\n能会倾倒并引发火灾。\n• 当出现以下任何一种问题时，请立即关闭电源开关并从电源\n插座中拔出电源线插头。然后请 Yamaha 维修人员进行检修。\n- 电源线或插头出现磨损或损坏。\n- 散发出异常气味或冒烟。\n- 一些物体掉入乐器中。\n- 使用乐器过程中声音突然中断。\n电源 / 电源线\n请勿打开\n关于潮湿的警告\n火警\n当意识到任何异常情况时\nDMI-5  1/2\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS5\n注意\n为了避免您或周围他人可能发生的人身伤害、乐器或财产损失，请务必遵守下列基本注意事项。这些注意事项包括但\n不限于下列情况：\n• 不要用多路连接器把乐器连接到电源插座上。否则会降低声\n音质量，或者可能使插座过热。\n• 当从本乐器或电源插座中拔出电源线插头时，请务必抓住插\n头而不是电源线。直接拽拉电源线可能会导致损坏。\n• 长时间不使用乐器时，或者在雷电风暴期间，从插座上拔下\n电插头。\n• 请勿将本乐器放在不稳定的地方，否则可能会导致突然翻\n倒。\n• 当运输或移动本乐器时，请务必由两个或两个以上的人进\n行。独自一人搬动乐器可能损伤背部，导致其它伤害，或者\n对乐器本身造成损坏。\n• 搬动乐器之前，请务必拔出所有的连接电缆，以防止损坏电\n缆或绊倒他人造成人身伤害。\n• 设置本产品时，请确认要使用的 AC 电源插座伸手可及。如果\n发生问题或者故障，请立即断开电源开关并从电源插座中拔\n下插头。即使关闭了电源开关，仍有极少量的电流流向本产\n品。预计长时间不使用本产品时，请务必将电源线从 AC 电源\n插座拔出。\n• 将本乐器连接到其它电子设备之前，请关闭所有设备的电源\n开关。在打开或关闭所有设备的电源开关之前，请将所有音\n量都调到最小。\n• 务必将所有元件的音量调到最小值，并且在演奏乐器时逐渐\n提高音量，以达到理想的听觉感受。\n• 请勿在面板或键盘上的间隙内插入或掉落纸张、金属或其他\n物体。否则可能会对您或他人造成人身伤害、对设备或其它\n财物造成损坏，或造成操作故障。\n• 请勿将身体压在本乐器上或在其上放置重物，操作按钮、开\n关或插口时要避免过分用力。\n• 请勿长时间持续在很高或不舒服的音量水平使用本乐器 / 设\n备或耳机，否则可能会造成永久性听力损害。若发生任何听\n力损害或耳鸣，请去看医生。\n当不使用本乐器时，请务必关闭其电源。\n即使当 [ 待机 / 开机 ] 开关处在待机状态 （显示屏关闭）时，仍有极少量的电流流向本乐器。\n当长时间不使用本乐器时，请务必从壁式 AC 插座上拔下电源线。\n电源 / 电源线\n安放位置\n连接\n小心操作\n对由于不正当使用或擅自改造本乐器所造成的损失、数据丢失或破坏， Yamaha 不负任何责任。\nDMI-5  2/2\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS6\n须知\n为避免本产品可能受到的故障/损坏、数据或其它部件可能受\n到的损坏，请严格遵照下列注意事项。\n� 操作处理\n• 请勿在电视机、收音机、立体声设备、移动电话或其他电\n子设备附近使用本乐器。否则，本乐器和/或附近设备可能\n会产生噪声。本乐器连接iPad、iPhone或iPod touch使用其\n中的应用时，我们建议将苹果设备上“飞行模式”设置为“打\n开”，以避免因通讯信号造成的噪音。\n• 为了避免操作面板发生变形、损坏内部组件或不稳定操作，\n请勿将本乐器放在有大量灰尘、震动、极端寒冷或炎热\n（如阳光直射、靠近加热器或烈日下的汽车里）的环境中。\n• 请勿在本乐器上放置乙烯、塑料或橡胶物体，否则可能使\n面板或键盘脱色。\n• 清洁本乐器时，请使用柔软、干燥或略微沾湿的布。请勿\n使用涂料稀释剂、溶剂、酒精、清洁液或浸了化学物质的\n抹布。\n� 保存数据\n• 已编辑的演奏组数据\n未保存而关闭本乐器电源时，已编辑的演奏组数据将丢失。\n这种情况在电源被自动关机功能 （第15页）关闭时也会发\n生。\n• MIDI和系统设置\n当对应设置画面切换到其他画面时， MIDI设置数据和系统\n设置数据将自动存储。当未切换画面而关闭本乐器电源时，\n数据将丢失。这种情况在电源被自动关机功能关闭时也会\n发生。\n• 务必将重要数据保存到本乐器或USB闪存设备 （第53\n页）。但是请记住，保存到本乐器的数据，可能由于某些故\n障、操作失误等丢失。因此请将重要数据保存到USB闪存\n设备 （第53页）。使用USB闪存设备之前，确保参阅第54\n页。\n信息\n� 关于版权\n• 除个人用途以外，严禁复制任何市场有售的音乐数据 （包\n括但不仅限于MIDI数据和/或音频数据）。\n• 对于本产品中的附带及捆绑内容， Yamaha拥有版权或经许\n可可以使用其它公司的版权。根据版权法和其它相关法律\n规定，用户不得传播通过保存或录制这些内容所得的媒体，\n以及与本产品中此类内容相同或类似的媒体。\n*上述内容包括计算机程序、伴奏风格数据、 MIDI数据、\nWAVE数据、音色录音数据、乐谱、乐谱数据等。\n*用户可以传播使用这些内容进行演出或音乐制作所录制的\n媒体，此类情况下无需Yamaha公司的许可。\n� 关于本乐器附带的功能/数据\n• 本乐器能够使用各种类型/格式的音乐数据，并在使用前将\n其自动优化为正确的数据格式。因此，在播放这些数据时，\n本设备可能无法精确地达到制作人或作曲家最初预想的程\n度。\n� 关于本说明书\n• 方括号表示屏幕按钮、接口和控制面板中的按钮。\n• Windows是Microsoft® Corporation在美国及其它国家的注\n册商标。\n• Apple、iTunes、Mac、Macintosh、iPhone、iPad和iPod \ntouch是Apple Inc.在美国和其它国家注册的商标。\n• IOS是Cisco在美国和其它国家的商标或注册商标，使用经\n过授权。\n• 本说明书中所使用的公司名和产品名都是各自公司的商标\n或注册商标。\n• 为便于您理解使用说明书的内容，本公司已经依据国家的\n相关标准尽可能的将其中的英文表述部分翻译成中文。但\n是，由于 （音乐上旋律、节奏、曲目等的）专业性、通用\n性及特殊性，仍有部分内容仅以原文形式予以记载。如您\n有任何问题，烦请随时与本公司客服联系 （热线：\n400-051-7700）。\nYamaha会时刻更新产品的固件，在功能和实用工具中的\n改进恕不另行通知。为了全面利用本乐器的优势，我们\n建议您将您的乐器升级到最新版本。可以从以下网址下\n载最新版本的固件：\nhttp://download.yamaha.com/\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\nS7\n备忘录\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n2\nMUS\nMUS\nU\nMU\nM\nR\nSIC SYNTHES\nSIC SYNTHESI\nN\nYN\nSY\nS\nIC S\nS C\nS\nSIZ\nSIZER\nER\nER\nER\nER\nER\nSIZE\nS\nR\nMONTAGE开发团队的话\n感谢您购买Yamaha MONTAGE6/7/8音乐合成器。自从第一款MOTIF于2001年面世以来，MOTIF系列已达到第\n四代，并最终在15年来首次重塑为新型MONTAGE。\nMONTAGE具有广泛卓越的高品质声音，优异的演奏性能和精致时尚的设计—使这款被期待已久的乐器深受用\n户喜爱。\n高品质声音带您走向新的创作和表现高度 \n我们采用世界各地艺术家广泛使用的MOTIF系列的基本声音，并进行显著增强。\n应广大用户的反复要求，我们已制造了这一具有FM （调频）振荡器和许多新效果的新机型。此\n外， MONTAGE具有强大且动感的动态控制系统，可让您实时灵活控制声音，为您带来传统和创\n新两个境界中最佳声音表现。\n我们改进了音频输出中的模拟电路，确保广泛频率范围的卓越品质声音再现，尤其是中高频范围\n的准确再现，极度清晰。\nMONTAGE配备广泛动态声音，可进行几乎所有的音乐应用。\n设计为高演奏性能的控制器和用户界面\nMONTAGE具有实用的新型控制器，不仅可以作为现场演奏键盘，还可作为高性能合成器。在现\n场演奏环境中，可以通过现场设置功能、场景功能和SSS （无缝声音切换）最大化MONTAGE的\n演奏性能。 \n此外， MONTAGE具有全新的演奏控制器—超级旋钮—让您轻松有效创作多层次、多维声音和音\n乐。声音变化与超级旋钮本身以及其他八个小旋钮上的光线变化同步。这就像是在和MONTAGE\n交谈，并互相激励，朝着新的创作高度迈进！ \nMONTAGE全面设计为直观、简单的操作，又非常重视细节，是专业音乐人的理想之选。\n最后，一款声音出色、性能广泛且表现力深厚的乐器真正令人爱不释手，必将成为您新款专业乐\n器！\n我们衷心希望MONTAGE6/7/8能够为您的创作和音乐作品带来飞跃。\n尽情弹奏吧！\n谨致问候，\nYamaha MONTAGE开发团队\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n3\n关于本说明书\n使用说明书 （本书）\n提供本乐器基本功能的总体说明。请通过本使用说明书了解MONTAGE基本操作概要。如果需要关于特定功能的更多详细\n信息或说明，请使用下述参考说明书。\nPDF文件\n� 参考说明书\n详细说明内部结构和连接示例。如果需要了解使用说明书未覆盖的更多详细信息，请使用本说明书。\n如果需要了解有关MONTAGE当前状态或画面的更多信息，请使用本说明书提供的功能树。这种便捷的功能树帮助您快\n速查找包含相关功能或操作的页面。\n� 合成器参数说明书\n此常规跨产品文件说明用于所有合成器的参数、效果类型、效果参数和MIDI信息。请先阅读使用说明书和参考说明书，\n然后在需要时使用本参数说明书，以便总体了解更多与Yamaha合成器相关的参数和术语。\n� 数据列表\n此文件包含各种重要列表，如演奏组列表、波形列表、效果类型列表、琶音类型一览表和MIDI应用表。\n附件\n• AC电源线\n• 使用说明书 （本书）\n• Cubase AI下载信息\n如何使用PDF说明书\n参考说明书、合成器参数说明书和数据列表以PDF格式作为数据文件提供。可从Yamaha下载网页获取上述PDF说明\n书。若要获取，请使用以下URL访问网页，将“MONTAGE”输入到“Model Name”字段，然后单击“Search”。\nYamaha Downloads:\nhttp://download.yamaha.com/\n可在计算机上查看和阅读这些PDF文件。使用Adobe® Reader®查看PDF文件时，可以搜索指定单词，打印指定页面\n或链接以打开说明书中的所需章节。术语搜索和链接功能对于在整个PDF文件中浏览是特别方便的方法，我们推荐使\n用。可从以下URL下载最新版本的Adobe Reader。\nhttp://www.adobe.com/products/reader/\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n4\n主要功能\n� 音乐风格广泛的高品质、增强声音\nMONTAGE载有5 GB （16位线性格式）的预置先进波\n形记忆 （AWM2） — 是之前MOTIF XF6/7/8容量大小\n的七倍以上。MONTAGE具有广泛声音，包括具有大量\n波形数据的高度真实的钢琴声音。MONTAGE与其前款\n不同，配备内置1.7 GB用户闪存，用于存储各种演奏\n组库。即使电源关闭，也会按照与预置演奏组相同的\n方法保留演奏组数据。 MONTAGE现在还配备FM-X音\n源，提供强劲复杂的FM合成。由此将标准化FM和新一\n代FM声音同时放入音波板块，让各种具有表现力、层\n次丰富的声音为您所用，并让您将FM-X和AWM2音源\n合并在一起。 \n� 广泛效果处理\nMONTAGE具有大量专业和新式的音乐效果，包括Beat \nRepeat、 Vinyl Break、 Bit Crusher和Analog Delay。\n本乐器还提供各种信号处理选项，包括独立变奏和混\n响，并提供整体主控效果，包括多频段压缩、五频段\n主EQ、独立插入效果，以及插入效果之前的三频段EQ\n和插入效果之后的两频段EQ。这些插入效果具有各种\n声音处理选项，包括专业声码器效果。\n� 动态控制系统以实现新的音乐潜力\n动态控制系统是全新功能，用于实时灵活控制动态\n（节奏、多维声音变化）。这一惊人强大的功能以前所\n未有的全新方式明显且动态改变本乐器的声音—在层\n次和节奏上更改节拍，提供色彩丰富的冷色调光线效\n果并富有表现力地响应您的创作激情。 \n动态控制系统有三个主要功能：\n1) 超级旋钮：\n用于创建多维音波变化，并以色彩丰富、持续移动\n的光线变化来增强这些变化。\n2) 动态音序器：\n用于持续可变的声音变化。 \n3) 包络跟随器：\n将运动与音频输入和其他部分的速度和音量同步。\n� 扩展、增强的琶音功能和动态音序\nMONTAGE具有超过10000种琶音，覆盖最新的音乐风\n格。通过进一步增强本乐器的音乐表现力，可以将用\n于制造动态声音变化的动态音序功能和各种琶音类型\n相结合。您可以将所有内容—琶音类型、动态音序和\n声部音量等其他参数—作为场景存储在一起，并将其\n分配到八个按钮，从而在演奏时根据需要便捷有效地\n调出这些场景。\n� 特别方便的现场演奏功能\nMONTAGE具有现场设置功能，用以在台上演奏时轻松\n调出演奏组。一旦以所需顺序存储演奏组，即可完全\n专注于演奏，而无需在选择时措手不及。MONTAGE还\n具有SSS （无缝声音切换）功能，用于在演奏组之间\n顺畅切换，而不会切掉任何音符。\n� 增强型用户界面\nMONTAGE与其前款不同，设计理念没有局限于任何\n“模式”。因此，本乐器的结构和流程极易理解，并且使\n用便捷的触摸面板也是一种愉快的体验。您可以根据\n需要创意并有效使用触摸面板进行直观操作，并使用\n开关进行更多安全控制。这些开关以三种方式点亮，\n可让您即时了解开关的当前状态。\n� 反应灵敏且有表现力的键盘\nMONTAGE6配有61键键盘，而MONTAGE7配有76键\n高品质FSX键盘，MONTAGE8配有88键高品质BH（平\n衡力度锤）键盘。均配备力度感响应功能 （初始力度\n和触后）。让您以各种方式—初始力度 （弹奏琴键的\n力度）和触后 （按住琴键的力度），有效更改声音。\n� 全面系统连接\nMONTAGE配备内置6通道输入/32通道输出USB音频接\n口，用于在Mac或Windows PC上录制MONTAGE高品\n质声音—无需另外的设备！ MONTAGE也支持高分辨\n率192 kHz音频，将这款理想的键盘融入专业级录制环\n境中。这些连接也兼容iOS设备。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n5\nMONTAGE 开发团队的话...........................................2\n关于本说明书.............................................................. 3\n附件............................................................................3\n主要功能..................................................................... 4\n控制器和功能\n6\n上方面板 .................................................................... 6\n后面板 ..................................................................... 11\n设置\n14\n电源.......................................................................... 14\n连接扬声器或耳机 .................................................... 14\n系统开机................................................................... 14\n自动关机功能............................................................ 15\n调节主音量输出........................................................ 15\n恢复初始出厂设置 （初始化所有数据）.................... 15\n基本操作和各个画面\n16\n速成指南 — 选择演奏组\n18\n从现场设置中选择演奏组.......................................... 19\n切换演奏组 ............................................................... 19\n使用分类查找功能 .................................................... 20\n播放试听乐句............................................................ 21\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n22\n演奏组播放画面........................................................ 22\n打开 / 关闭声部......................................................... 23\n使用琶音功能............................................................ 24\n使用动态音序器功能................................................. 25\n使用控制器更改声音................................................. 26\n使用旋钮更改声音 .................................................... 27\n使用超级旋钮更改声音 ............................................. 28\n混音.......................................................................... 28\n使用场景功能............................................................ 29\n速成指南 — 创建自己的现场设置\n30\n将演奏组注册到现场设置.......................................... 30\n将注册的演奏组分类到现场设置............................... 30\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n32\n演奏组编辑 ............................................................... 32\n声部编辑................................................................... 33\n声部效果编辑............................................................ 34\n声部如何分配到演奏组 ............................................. 35\n通过合并声部创建演奏组.......................................... 36\n录制和播放\n39\n术语.......................................................................... 39\nMIDI 录音 ................................................................. 39\n播放乐曲................................................................... 41\n将您的演奏录制为音频 ............................................. 41\n播放音频文件............................................................ 42\n用作主控键盘\n43\n进行用作主控键盘的设置 — 区域.............................43\n连接麦克风或音频设备\n44\n随着 A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R] 插孔输入的声音弹奏\n键盘..........................................................................44\n进行总体系统设定\n45\n设置自动开机任务 ....................................................45\n设置按钮指示灯表现................................................. 45\n打开 / 关闭各种功能.................................................. 45\n更改主音调 ...............................................................46\n更改力度曲线............................................................ 47\n连接外接 MIDI 乐器\n48\n从外接 MIDI 键盘或合成器控制 MONTAGE .............48\n从 MONTAGE 控制外接 MIDI 键盘或合成器.............48\n使用连接的计算机\n49\n连接计算机 ...............................................................49\n使用计算机制作乐曲................................................. 51\n保存 / 加载数据\n53\n将设置保存到 USB 闪存设备 .................................... 53\n从 USB 闪存设备加载设置........................................53\n使用 [USB TO DEVICE] 端口时的注意事项 .............. 54\n使用 USB 闪存..........................................................54\n切换功能列表\n55\n画面讯息\n56\n故障排除\n58\n规格\n63\n索引\n64\n目录\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n6\n上方面板 \n1 键盘\nMONTAGE6配有61键键盘，而MONTAGE7配有76键，\nMONTAGE8配有88键。均配备力度感响应功能 （初始力\n度和触后）。本乐器通过初始力度感知弹奏琴键力度的强\n弱，并使用该弹奏力度根据所选的演奏组以各种方式改变\n声音。另一方面，触后可让您通过弹奏音符后施加的压力\n程度改变声音。此外，可将各种功能分配到各个声部的触\n后。\n2 弯音轮\n控制弯音效果。也可以将其他功能分配到此控制器。\n3 调制轮\n控制调制效果。也可以将其他功能分配到此控制器。\n4 触摸条控制器\n此控制器为触控，通过用手指横向轻划表面进行控制。可\n以根据需要将各种功能分配到此控制器。\n5 [ASSIGN 1]和[ASSIGN 2]按钮 （可分配开关1和\n2）\n键盘演奏期间，可以通过按这些按钮调出所选演奏组的指\n定音素/操作器。此外，可以将其他功能分配到这些开关。\n当打开这些效果之一时，对应按钮将点亮，反之亦然。\n6 [MOTION SEQ HOLD] （动态音序器保持）按钮\n动态音序器播放时按此按钮后，将使声音保持或定格在按\n下按钮时音序的位置。保持效果打开时，按钮将点亮。\n7 [MOTION SEQ TRIGGER] （动态音序器触发）\n按钮\n按下此按钮时，动态音序从头重新开始。按下时，按钮完\n全点亮。\n8 [MASTER VOLUME]滑杆 （第15页）\n向上或向下移动滑杆可以控制来自OUTPUT (BALANCED) \n[L/MONO]/[R]插孔和[PHONES]插孔的输出电平。\n控制器和功能\nC1\nE0\nF0 G0 A0\nB0\nA-1 B-1 C0 D0\nC2\nC3\n1\n2\n3\n4\n7\n6\nC\nB\n%\n8\n9\n)\nD\n^\n!\n(\n# $\nA\n@\n*\n&\n5\nE\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n7\n控制器和功能\n9 A/D INPUT [GAIN]旋钮 （第44页）\n使用此旋钮可以调节A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔中音频\n信号的输入增益。顺时针转动旋钮将增加增益电平。\n检测峰值电平，当电平刚下降时，使PEAK LED以红色点\n亮。调节旋钮，每当输入信号达到最大电平时，对应的\nPEAK LED仅偶尔闪烁。\n注\n视连接到A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔的外接装置的输入\n电平而定，可能需要按照以下顺序更改设置：[UTILITY] � \n[Settings] � [Audio I/O] � [A/D Input]。当相连装置 （如\n麦克风、吉他或贝司）的输出电平较低时，请将此参数设\n置为“Mic”。当相连装置 （如合成器键盘或CD播放机）的\n输出电平较高时，请将此参数设置为“Line”。\n) A/D INPUT [ON/OFF]按钮 （第44页）\n切换本乐器是否接收通过A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔输\n入的音频信号。当启用A/D输入时，按钮点亮；禁用时，\n按钮熄灭。\n! 旋钮功能[TONE]/[EQ/FX]/[ARP/MS]按钮\n使用此按钮可以选择要分配到旋钮1 – 8的功能。当前激活\n参数旁边的按钮将点亮。\n使用PART [COMMON]按钮可应用所有声部通用控制的功\n能，或者使用编号A[1] – [16]按钮仅应用所选声部控制的\n功能。所选按钮将点亮。\n@ [MULTI] （多声部控制）按钮\n使用此按钮可以选择分配到旋钮1 – 8的功能。反复按此按\n钮将按照以下顺序切换：PAN � VARIATION � REVERB。\n当前激活参数旁边的指示灯将点亮。所有旋钮对应声部1 – \n8或9 –16 （视当前所选声部而定）。\n# [ARP ON/OFF] （琶音开/关）按钮\n按此按钮可以启用或禁用琶音的播放。但是如果所选声部\n的琶音开关设置为关，按此按钮不会起作用。当启用琶音\n时，按钮点亮；禁用时，按钮熄灭。\n$ [MOTION SEQ ON/OFF] （动态音序器开/关）按\n钮\n确定是否激活动态音序器。但是如果所选声部或序列的动\n态音序器开关设置为关，按此按钮不会起作用。动态音序\n器激活时，按钮将点亮。\nC4\nC5\nC6\nC7\nH\nG\nJ\nK P\nL\nM\nN\nO\nc\nI\nF\nQ\nR\nS\nT\na\nd\nb\ne\nf\ng h\ni j\n插图显示 MONTAGE8，但信息适用于所有型号。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n8\n控制器和功能\n% 旋钮1 – 8\n这8个多用途旋钮可以调节各个重要参数，如当前声部、\n琶音速度和动态音序器。 \n按左上角的旋钮功能[TONE]/[EQ/FX]/[ARP/MS]按钮、多\n声部控制[MULTI]按钮或分配[ASSIGN]按钮将更改分配到\n旋钮的功能。\n^ 控制滑杆1 – 8\n这些滑杆根据各个按钮的情况以不同方法调节16个声部\n（1 – 8 / 9 – 16）的各个电平、标准声部 （AWM2）的8个\n音素、一个标准声部 （FM-X）中的8个FM操作器和鼓声\n部的8个键，从而控制声音的音量平衡。\n注 \n• 如果所有控制滑杆均设置为最小，即使弹奏键盘或乐曲\n时，可能无法听到来自本乐器的声音。如果是这种情\n况，请将所有滑杆升高到合适电平。\n• [MASTER VOLUME]滑杆控制本乐器的整体音频输出电\n平。另一方面，控制滑杆将声部各音素/键/操作器的电平\n和演奏组各声部的音量作为参数进行控制。因此，通过\n控制滑杆设置的值可存储为演奏组数据。\n& SCENE [1] – [8]按钮\n可以将重要声部相关参数的不同“快照” （如音轨静音状态\n和基本混音设置）作为声部场景分配到SCENE [1] – [8]按\n钮。当场景相关参数被编辑且在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按\n任一SCENE [1] – [8]按钮时，编辑内容就会保存到当前所\n选的[SCENE]按钮。按所选按钮可恢复存储的信息。当前\n所选按钮完全点亮，存储信息的按钮微弱点亮，而没有存\n储信息的按钮将熄灭。\n* [ASSIGN]按钮\n以Assign 1 – 8切换分配到旋钮的功能。使用PART \n[COMMON]按钮和编号A [1] – [16]按钮，可以设置这些功\n能是对所有声部均有效，还是仅对一个所选声部有效。\n效果打开时，对应按钮将点亮。\n( KNOB POSITION [1]和[2]按钮\n存储Assign 1 – 8的参数值。可在两个按钮之间快速切换。\nA 超级旋钮\n同时控制分配到8个旋钮的参数 （Assign 1 – 8）。\n注\n您还可以用踏板控制器 （FC7）控制超级旋钮。有关详细\n说明，请参见第28页。\nB SEQ TRANSPORT按钮\n这些按钮控制乐曲音序数据的录制和播放。\n[T] （开头）按钮\n立刻返回当前乐曲的开头 （即第一小节的第一拍）。\n[LL] （后退）按钮\n每次快速按一下可后退一个小节。\n[RR] （前进）按钮\n每次快速按一下可前进一个小节。\n[I] （录音）按钮\n按此按钮可以调出录音设置画面。（按钮闪烁。）按\n[R] （播放）按钮开始录音。（[I] （录音）按钮点\n亮。）\n[J] （停止）按钮\n按下可停止录制或播放。想要停止琶音播放时，即使\n释音后琶音设置为持续播放 （琶音保持开关为ON），\n也可使用此按钮。\n[R] （播放）按钮\n按下可开始播放或录制乐曲。录制或播放期间，按钮\n以当前速度闪烁。\nC OCTAVE [-]和[+]按钮\n使用这些按钮可改变键盘的八度范围。这些按钮也可作为\n移调[-]和[+]按钮。若要以半音为单位提高或降低音符的音\n高，请按住[SHIFT]按钮并按对应的[-]/[+]按钮。若要恢复\n标准八度设置，请同时按两个按钮。按钮根据八度设置以\n不同的方式点亮或闪烁。\n有关详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\nD [CONTROL ASSIGN]按钮\n当在画面上选择了可分配到控制器的参数时，按此按钮并\n操作想要用于分配的控制器。出现控制器设置画面。\nE 触摸面板LCD\nLCD显示当前所选操作相关参数和值。可以通过触摸画面\n进行操作。\nF 数据轮 \n用于编辑当前所选参数。若要增加值，请向右 （顺时针）\n转动数据轮；若要减小值，请向左 （逆时针）转动数据\n轮。如果选择了值范围很宽的参数，可以通过快速转动数\n据轮更改更广范围中的值。\n当PART \n[COMMON]按\n钮打开时：\n当编号A\n [1] – [8]按钮\n打开时：\n当编号A\n [9] – [16]按\n钮打开时：\n[PERFORMANCE \nCONTROL]\n声部1 – 8的\n电平\n所选声部的音素/键/操作器\n1 – 8的电平\n[PART \nCONTROL]\n声部1 – 8的电平\n声部9 – 16的\n电平\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n9\n控制器和功能\nG [INC/YES]按钮 \n用于增大当前所选参数的值 （INC：增量）。此按钮也可\n用于执行作业或存储操作。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[INC/YES]按钮将以10级跳快\n速增加参数值。\nH [DEC/NO]按钮 \n用于减小当前所选参数的值 （DEC：减量）。此按钮也可\n用于取消作业或存储操作。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[DEC/NO]按钮将以10级跳快\n速减小参数值。\nI 光标按钮 \n光标按钮使“光标”在画面四周移动，高亮显示并选择各种\n参数。\nJ [EXIT]按钮 \nMONTAGE的菜单和画面采用分级结构排列。按此按钮可\n以从当前显示级别退回到前一显示级别。\nK [ENTER]按钮 \n使用此按钮可以调出所选菜单的画面，或执行作业或存储\n操作。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[ENTER]按钮可以调出速度设\n置画面。\nL [PERFORMANCE]按钮 \n使用此按钮可以返回演奏组播放画面。当显示演奏组播放\n画面时，此按钮完全点亮。当显示工具画面时，此按钮微\n弱点亮。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[PERFORMANCE]按钮可以调\n出概览画面。\nM [UTILITY]按钮 \n使用此按钮可以调出工具画面进行整体系统设置。当显示\n工具画面时，此按钮完全点亮，当显示其他画面时，此按\n钮微弱点亮。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[UTILITY]按钮可以调出快速\n设置画面。\nN [EDIT]按钮 \n使用此按钮可以调出用于编辑演奏组 （第18页）和现场设\n置 （第30页）的画面。此外，在编辑演奏组参数时按此按\n钮将在刚编辑的声音和其原始、未编辑状态之间切换，以\n便您试听编辑对声音的影响 （比较功能）。当显示编辑画\n面时，此按钮点亮，当比较功能激活时，此按钮闪烁。\nO [STORE]按钮\n使用此按钮可以调出存储画面。当显示存储画面时，此按\n钮完全点亮，当显示其他画面时，此按钮微弱点亮。\nP [SHIFT]按钮 \n将此按钮和另一个按钮一起按下可执行各种指令。详情请\n参考“切换功能列表” （第55页）。\nQ [LIVE SET]按钮 \n使用此按钮可以将所有喜爱且常用的演奏组存储在一个易\n于访问的位置并调用。\n在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[LIVE SET]按钮可以调出现场\n设置画面用于将当前所选演奏组存储到现场设置。这种方\n法更加有用，您可以在现场演奏情况下所需的演奏组之间\n快速切换。\n当显示现场设置画面时，此按钮完全点亮。如果不显示现\n场设置画面，当现场设置功能激活时，此按钮微弱点亮，\n当现场设置功能未激活时，此按钮的指示灯将熄灭。\nR [CATEGORY SEARCH]按钮\n使用此按钮可以访问分类查找功能 （第20页）。\n当显示演奏组播放画面时使用此按钮可以调出用于选择整\n个演奏组的演奏组分类查找画面。当光标位于演奏组播放\n画面中的声部名称上时，在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按\n[CATEGORY SEARCH]按钮可以调出声部分类查找画面，\n允许您选择当前所选声部的声音类型。当显示分类查找画\n面时，此按钮完全点亮。如果不显示分类查找画面，当分\n类查找功能激活时，此按钮微弱点亮，当分类查找功能未\n激活时，此按钮的指示灯将熄灭。\nS [PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮\n将此按钮与编号A [1] – [16]按钮、编号B [1] – [8]按钮和编\n号C [1] – [8]按钮、PART [MUTE]按钮和PART [SOLO]按钮\n配合使用可以控制演奏组。当此按钮打开时，可以操作以\n下功能。当此按钮打开时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮关\n闭时，此按钮微弱点亮。\nT [PART CONTROL]按钮\n将此按钮与编号A [1] – [16]按钮、编号B [1] – [8]按钮和编\n号C [1] – [8]按钮、PART [MUTE]按钮和PART [SOLO]按钮\n配合使用可以控制声部。当此按钮打开时，可以操作以下\n功能。当此按钮打开时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮关闭\n时，此按钮微弱点亮。\n数字按钮\nPART [MUTE]按钮\nON\nPART [SOLO]按钮\nON\n编号A [1] – [8]按钮\n（上行）\n声部选择 （1 – 8） 声部独奏 （1 – 8）\n编号A [9] – [16]按\n钮 （下行）\n声部静音 （1 – 8） 声部独奏 （1 – 8）\n编号B [1] – [8]按钮\n动态音序类型 （1 – 8）的开关\n编号C [1] – [8]按钮 琶音类型 （1 – 8）的开关\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n10\n控制器和功能\na [AUDITION]按钮 \n使用此按钮 （在演奏组播放、现场设置或分类查找画面\n中）可以播放或停止样本乐句，演示所选演奏组声音。此\n演奏组的样本乐句被称为“试听乐句”。当此按钮为ON时，\n此按钮完全点亮，当试听功能在分类查找画面等激活时，\n此按钮微弱点亮。\nb PART [COMMON]按钮 \n打开此按钮可以编辑所有声部通用的参数。当此按钮打开\n时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮关闭时，此按钮微弱点\n亮。\nc ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON]按钮\n打开此按钮可以编辑所有音素/键/操作器通用的参数。当\n此按钮打开时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮关闭时，此按\n钮微弱点亮。\nd 编号A [1] – [16]按钮\n使用这些按钮可以在演奏组播放画面和编辑画面上选择声\n部。\n这些按钮也可用于从分类查找画面中选择主类别。在现场\n设置画面，编号A [1] – [4]按钮可用于选择第一行中的演奏\n组，编号A [9] – [12]按钮可用于选择第二行中的演奏组。\n编号A [5] – [8]按钮可用于选择现场设置页面1 – 4，编号A \n[13] – [16]按钮可用于选择现场设置页面5 – 8。\n根据各个画面，当选择此按钮时，此按钮完全点亮，当此\n按钮可选择时，此按钮微弱点亮，不可选择时，此按钮指\n示灯熄灭。（仅在现场设置画面中选择页面时，即使指示\n灯熄灭，也可使用此按钮。）\ne 编号B [1] – [8]按钮\n使用这些按钮可以在演奏组播放画面上选择动态音序器类\n型并打开/关闭各声部的动态音序器。\n这些按钮也可用于从编辑画面中选择音素/键/操作器。这\n些按钮也可用于从分类查找画面中选择子类别。在现场设\n置画面，编号B [1] – [4]按钮可用于选择第三行中的演奏\n组，编号B [5] – [8]按钮可用于选择现场设置页面9 – 12。\n根据各个画面，当选择此按钮时，此按钮完全点亮，当此\n按钮可选择时，此按钮微弱点亮，不可选择时，此按钮指\n示灯熄灭。（仅在现场设置画面中选择页面时，即使指示\n灯熄灭，也可使用此按钮。）\nf 编号C [1] – [8]按钮\n使用这些按钮可以在演奏组播放画面上选择琶音类型并打\n开/关闭各声部的琶音。\n这些按钮也可用于从编辑画面中使音素/键/操作器静音。\n这些按钮也可用于从分类查找画面中选择演奏组。在现场\n设置画面，编号C [1] – [4]按钮可用于选择第四行中的演奏\n组，编号C [5] – [8]按钮可用于选择现场设置页面13 – 16。\n根据各个画面，当选择此按钮时，此按钮完全点亮，当此\n按钮可选择时，此按钮微弱点亮，不可选择时，此按钮指\n示灯熄灭。（仅在现场设置画面中选择页面时，即使指示\n灯熄灭，也可使用此按钮。）\ng PART [MUTE]按钮 \n通过打开此按钮，编号A [1] – [16]按钮可用作静音开/关控\n制。当此按钮打开时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮关闭\n时，此按钮微弱点亮。此按钮也可用于从现场设置画面中\n切换现场设置库。\nh PART [SOLO]按钮\n通过打开此按钮，编号A [1] – [16]按钮可用作声部的独奏\n开/关控制。当此按钮打开时，此按钮完全点亮，当此按钮\n关闭时，此按钮微弱点亮。此按钮也可用于从现场设置画\n面中切换现场设置库。\ni ELEMENT/OPERATOR [MUTE]按钮\n通过打开此按钮，编号B [1] – [8]按钮可用于选择音素/键/\n操作器1 – 8，编号C [1] – [8]按钮可用作音素/键/操作器1 – \n8的静音开/关控制。当此按钮用作静音打开时，此按钮微\n弱点亮，当此按钮用作静音关闭时，此按钮完全点亮。对\n于声部编辑之外的操作，此按钮将熄灭。此按钮也可用于\n从现场设置画面中切换现场设置库。\nj ELEMENT/OPERATOR [SOLO]按钮 \n通过打开此按钮，编号B [1] – [8]按钮 （或编号C [1] – [8]\n按钮）可用作音素1 – 8的独奏开/关控制。当独奏打开时，\n此按钮完全点亮，当独奏关闭时，此按钮微弱点亮。在声\n部编辑操作以外的其他情况下，此按钮熄灭。此按钮也可\n用于从现场设置画面中切换现场设置库。\n数字按钮\nPART [MUTE]\n按钮和PART \n[SOLO]OFF\nPART [MUTE]\n按钮ON\nPART [SOLO]\n按钮ON\n编号A [1] – [8]\n按钮 （上\n行）\n声部选择\n（1 – 8）\n声部静音\n（1 – 8）\n声部选择\n（1 – 8）\n编号A [9] – [16]\n按钮 （下行）\n声部选择\n（9 – 16）\n声部静音\n（9 – 16）\n声部独奏\n（9 – 16）\n编号B [1] – [8]\n按钮\n用于各声部ON/OFF （1 – 8 / 9 – 16）的动态\n音序器\n编号C [1] – [8]\n按钮\n用于各声部ON/OFF （1 – 8 / 9 – 16）的琶音\n数字按钮\nELEMENT/\nOPERATOR [MUTE]\n按钮ON\nELEMENT/\nOPERATOR [SOLO]\n按钮ON\n编号B [1] – [8]按钮\n音素选择 （1 – 8） 音素独奏 （1 – 8）\n编号C [1] – [8]按钮 音素静音 （1 – 8） 音素独奏 （1 – 8）\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n11\n控制器和功能\n后面板 \n*这些插孔也兼容TS耳机插头；使用时，连接为非平衡。\nFC3,\nFC4,\nFC5\nFC4,\nFC5\nFC7\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n)\n!\n�后面板左侧\n�后面板右侧\n插图显示 MONTAGE8，但信息适用于所有型号。\nUSB 闪存设备\n计算机\n外接 MIDI 键盘\n有源音箱\n耳机\n播放装置\n麦克风\nAC 电源插座\n插孔列表 （针脚分配）\n输入和输出插孔\n极\n平衡/非平衡\n配置\n8 ASSIGNABLE OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L], [R]*\n9 OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L/MONO], [R]*\n尖：热线 （+）\n环：冷线 （-）\n套：地线\n平衡\nTRS耳机插头 \n) [PHONES]\n尖：L\n环：R\n套：地线\n—\n!A/D INPUT [L/MONO], [R]\n尖：信号\n套：地线\n非平衡\nTS耳机插头 \n环\n套\n尖\n套\n尖\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n12\n控制器和功能\n�后面板左侧\n1 [STANDBY/ON]开关\n按下可将电源设置为开或待机。\n2 [AC IN] （AC电源线插座）\n插入本乐器附带的AC电源线。\n3 [USB TO DEVICE]端口\n用于将本乐器连接到USB闪存设备。可将在本乐器上创建\n的数据保存到外接USB闪存设备，并从USB闪存设备将数\n据加载到本乐器。可执行保存/加载操作：[UTILITY] � \n[Contents] � [Store/Save]或[Load]。\n注\n• 本乐器只能识别USB闪存设备。不可使用其他USB设备\n（如硬盘驱动器、光驱和USB集线器）。\n• 本乐器支持USB 1.1至3.0标准。但是请注意，传输速度\n因数据类型和本乐器的状态而异。\n4 [USB TO HOST]端口\n用于通过USB线缆将本乐器连接到计算机，并在设备之间\n传输MIDI数据和音频数据。与MIDI不同， USB通过一根线\n缆即可操作多个端口 （第50页）。有关MONTAGE如何操\n作端口的信息，请参见第50页。\n注\n本乐器的音频数据发送能力为在采样频率为44.1 KHz时最\n多32通道 （16个立体声通道）；或在采样频率为\n44.1 KHz至192 KHz时最多8通道 （4个立体声通道）。音\n频数据接收能力为最多6通道 （3个立体声通道）。\n�后面板右侧\n5 MIDI [IN]、 [OUT]、 [THRU]端口\nMIDI [IN]用于从外接音序器等其他MIDI设备接收控制或演\n奏数据，让您可从分开连接的MIDI设备控制本乐器。 \nMIDI [OUT]用于将本乐器的所有控制、演奏和播放数据发\n送到外接音序器等其他MIDI设备。\nMIDI [THRU]仅用于将任何接收到的MIDI数据 （通过MIDI \n[IN]）转发到连接的设备，从而可以方便地连接其他MIDI\n乐器。\n6 FOOT SWITCH [ASSIGNABLE]/[SUSTAIN]插\n孔\n用于将选购的FC3/FC4/FC5脚踏开关连接到[SUSTAIN]插\n孔并将FC4/FC5脚踏开关连接到[ASSIGNABLE]插孔。连\n接到[SUSTAIN]插孔时，脚踏开关控制延音。连接到\n[ASSIGNABLE]时，脚踏开关控制各种可分配功能之一。\n注\n• 本使用说明书中的术语“FC3”是FC3和其他兼容FC3的脚\n踏开关 （如FC3A）的统称。\n• 本使用说明书中的术语“FC4”是FC4和其他兼容FC4的脚\n踏开关 （如FC4A）的统称。\n7 FOOT CONTROLLER [1]/[2]插孔\n用于连接选购的踏板控制器 （FC7等）。此插孔可持续控\n制声部编辑中各种不同的可分配功能之一，如音量、音\n调、音高或其它声音特性 （请参见参考说明书PDF文\n件）。\n8 ASSIGNABLE OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L]和[R]\n插孔 （TRS平衡输出）\n通过这些TRS平衡输出从本乐器输出线路等级音频信号。\n这些输出独立于主输出 （位于以下OUTPUT [L/MONO]/\n[R]插孔处），并且可以自由分配到任意鼓声部琴键或键盘\n声部。可让您规划以喜爱的外接效果装置处理的指定声部\n或声音。可分配到这些插孔的声部如下：\n• 分配鼓/打击乐器的鼓声部琴键\n• 节拍器 （咔嗒声）\n• 演奏组的任一声部*\n* 包括音频输入声部\n有关详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n9 OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L/MONO]和[R]插孔\n（TRS平衡输出）\n通过这些TRS平衡输出输出线路等级音频信号。单声道输\n出只使用[L/MONO]插孔。\n) [PHONES] （耳机）插孔\n此标准立体声耳机插孔用于连接一副立体声耳机。此插孔\n与OUTPUT [L/MONO]和[R]插孔输出相同的音频信号。\n! A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔\n可通过这些耳机插孔 （1/4\"单声道耳机插头）输入外接音\n频信号。麦克风、CD播放机或合成器等各种设备可连接到\n这些插孔，且其音频输入信号可发出音频声部的声音。\n此外，通过将麦克风连接到此[L/MONO]插孔并将您的声\n音输入麦克风，可以使用专用声码器功能。\n还可以使用包络跟随器和ABS （音频节拍同步）功能。包\n络跟随器功能用于检测输入信号波形的音量包络并动态改\n变声音。 \nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n13\n控制器和功能\n注\n• 可直接连接具有有源拾音器的吉他或贝司。但是，使用\n无源拾音器时，需通过效果器连接本乐器。\n• 可从所有声部输出，而不仅仅从A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/\n[R]插孔控制声码器/包络跟随器。\nABS （音频节拍同步）功能用于检测从这些插孔输入的音\n频信号的节拍，并与动态音序器或琶音同步节拍。\n使用1/4\"单声道耳机插头。对于立体声信号 （如来自音频\n装置的信号），使用[L/MONO]/[R]插孔。对于单音信号\n（如来自麦克风或吉他的信号），仅使用[L/MONO]插孔。\n有关包络跟随器和ABS功能的详细说明，请参见参考说明\n书PDF文件。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n14\n电源\n按照以下顺序连接附带的AC电源线。确保将本乐器上的\n[STANDBY/ON]开关设置到待机位置。\n1\n将附带的电源线连接到本乐器后面板上的AC IN。\n2\n将电源线的另一端连接到AC电源插座。\n注\n断开电源线的连接时，按照与此顺序相反的步骤执行操\n作。\n警告\n• 只可使用本乐器附带的AC电源线。如果更换了不正确的\n电源线会导致过热或触电。\n• 本乐器附带的电源线不得用于其他电器设备。如果未能\n遵守此注意事项，可能会导致设备损坏或火灾。\n• 确认本乐器符合使用国家或地区的电压要求。 \n注意\n即使[STANDBY/ON]开关设置到待机位置，本乐器也保持\n充电并消耗少量电能。如果您长时间不使用本乐器，确保\n从壁式插座中拔出电源线。\n连接扬声器或耳机\n由于本乐器没有内置扬声器，用户必须使用外接装置对本\n乐器的声音进行监听。请如下图所示连接一副耳机、有源\n音箱或其它播放设备。进行连接时，务必确保连接线的额\n定值合适。\n系统开机\n在开启电源之前，请务必将本乐器和外接设备 （如有源音\n箱）的音量设置调至最低值。将本乐器连接到有源音箱\n时，请按照以下顺序开启各个设备的电源开关。\n开启电源时：\n首先是本乐器 （显示屏将打开且按钮将点亮），然后是连\n接的有源音箱。\n关闭电源时：\n首先是连接的有源音箱，然后是本乐器 （显示屏将关闭且\n按钮将熄灭）。\n请记住， [STANDBY/ON]开关位于本乐器后面板上AC IN\n插座的右侧 （从键盘侧看）。\n设置\n后面板\nAC IN\n电源线 （附带）\n有源音箱 （左）\n有源音箱 （右）\n耳机\nOUTPUT L/MONO\nOUTPUT R\nPHONES\nAC IN\n[STANDBY/ON]\n开关\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n15\n设置\n自动关机功能\n为避免不必要的功率消耗，本乐器提供了自动关机功能，\n本乐器处于不操作状态一段时间后，能够自动关闭电源。\n自动关机设置\n可设置电源自动关机前经过的时间长度。\n禁用自动关机 （简单方法）\n按住键盘上的最低音琴键的同时，打开电源。这时会短暂\n出现提示信息“Auto power off disabled” （禁用自动关\n机），自动关机即被禁用。即使关闭电源，设置也将保留。\n须知\n• 即使本乐器的电源已经关闭，也会有最小的电流通向本\n乐器。若要完全断电，请务必将电源线插头从壁式交流\n插座中拔出。\n• 根据本乐器状态的不同，即使指定的计时时间已经消耗\n过去，电源也可能无法自动关闭。不使用本乐器时务必\n手动关闭电源。\n• 连接着诸如放大器、扬声器或计算机等外接设备时，如\n果一定时间之内不操作本乐器，确保按照使用说明书中\n的说明以正确顺序关闭本乐器以及所连接设备的电源，\n以保护设备不会被损坏。如果设备连接时不需要自动关\n闭电源，请禁用自动关机。\n• 如果电源关闭前没有备份，设置将恢复为其默认值。\n• 当自动关机设定为“off”时，即使将保存在其它设备上的\n备份数据载入本乐器，值也将保留下来。当自动关机设\n定为“off”以外的设定时，加载的数据将覆盖该值。\n注\n• 设置时间为近似值。\n• 若要在执行了自动关机后开启电源，请按[STANDBY/\nON]开关。\n• 出厂设置恢复时，设置时间将变为默认值 （30分钟）。\n调节主音量输出\n使用[MASTER VOLUME]滑杆调节本乐器的整体电平。\n注意\n请勿长时间以高音量使用耳机。否则可能会造成听力损\n伤。\n恢复初始出厂设置 （初始化所有数\n据）\n须知\n当执行初始化所有数据操作时，所有演奏组、乐曲以及您\n在工具画面上创建的任何系统设置都将被删除。请勿覆盖\n重要数据。执行本操作之前请务必将所有重要数据都保存\n到USB闪存设备中 （第53页）。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮或触摸屏幕右上方的UTILITY图\n标调出工具画面。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Settings]选项卡，然后触摸\n[System]选项卡。\n出现整个系统设置画面。\n3\n触摸屏幕右下方的[Initialize All Data]。\n画面将提示您进行确认。若要取消此操作，请触摸屏\n幕上的[Cancel No]或按面板上的[DEC/NO]按钮。\n4\n触摸屏幕中的[Yes]，或按[INC/YES]按钮执行初\n始化所有数据操作。\n说明：\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � \n[System] � [Auto Power Off]\n设置值 （最小）：\n关闭 （禁用自动关机）、 5、 10、\n15、 30、 60、 120\n默认设置 （最小）： 30\n最大值\n最小值\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n16\nMONTAGE配备方便的触摸面板显示屏。直接触摸屏幕即可操作各种设置和选择所需参数。此外，还可以使用数据轮和其\n他按钮进行显示操作。\n显示屏 （触摸面板）配置\n本节说明所有类型的显示屏通用的导航栏和画面选择选项\n卡。对于插图，以MONTAGE打开时出现的现场设置画面\n和演奏组播放画面 （主画面）用作示例。\n注\n您可以更改开始画面 （打开电源时首个出现的画面）。有\n关设置的详细信息，请参见第45页。\n现场设置画面 \n1 HOME图标\n移至演奏组播放画面。\n2 EXIT图标\n功能与面板上的[EXIT]按钮相同。按此图标可以从当前\n显示级别退回到前一显示级别。\n3 INFORMATION区域\n显示帮助信息，包括当前选择的画面名称。\n4 EFFECT图标\n触摸此图标可以调出效果开关画面。当任一效果模块\n（插入、系统或主控）关闭时，此图标关闭。\n5 QUICK SETUP图标\n显示本地控制ON/OFF和MIDI IN/OUT的设置。\n当本地控制设置为ON时，键盘形状图标点亮，当本地\n控制设置为OFF时，键盘形状图标熄灭。\n当MIDI IN/OUT设置为MIDI时，将出现MIDI接口形状图\n标。当MIDI IN/OUT设置为USB时，将出现USB接口形\n状图标。\n触摸所需图标可以调出对应的快速设置画面。\n6 TEMPO SETTING图标\n显示当前所选演奏组的速度。触摸此图标可以调出速\n度设置画面。\n7 UTILITY图标\n触摸此图标可以调出工具画面中最后打开的画面。\n演奏组播放画面 \n8 LIVE SET图标\n触摸此图标可以调出现场设置画面。\n9 画面选择选项卡\n触摸所需选项卡可以调出对应的画面。\n移动光标\n使用这四个按钮可以导航画面，在画面中各个可选项目和\n参数周围移动光标。相关项目被选中时将高亮显示 （光标\n显示为带有逆字符的暗块）。可以使用数据轮、 [INC/YES]\n和[DEC/NO]按钮更改光标所在处的项目 （参数）值。\n基本操作和各个画面\n1 2\n7\n6\n5\n4\n3\n导航栏\n9\n8\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n17\n基本操作和各个画面\n更改 （编辑）参数值\n向右 （顺时针）旋转数据轮增加数值，向左 （逆时针）旋\n转减小数值。\n按[INC/YES]按钮可将参数值增大一档，按[DEC/NO]按钮\n可减小一档。\n对于大数值范围参数，可以通过在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时\n按[INC/YES]按钮的方法以10为单位增大数值。若要以10\n为单位减小数值，请在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[DEC/\nNO]按钮。\n命名 （输入字符）\n可以自由命名已创建的数据，如保存到USB存储设备的演\n奏组、乐曲和文件。触摸命名参数或将光标移动到命名参\n数并按[ENTER]按钮调出输入字符画面。\n1 删除所有字符。\n2 恢复默认名称。\n3 在大写和小写字母字符之间切换。\n4 调出输入数字、标点符号和各种字符的画面。\n5 在光标位置插入空格 （空白）。（也可以使用[INC/\nYES]按钮进行相同操作。）\n6 移动光标位置。\n7 删除上一个字符 （退格）。（也可以使用[DEC/NO]按\n钮进行相同操作。）\n8 完成文本输入并关闭画面。\n使用键盘上的键和数字键盘画面输入\n对于某些参数，也可以将LCD显示屏用作数字键盘或使用\n键盘上的键直接输入值。当输入与音符和力度相关的参数\n时，可以激活通过键的输入。当输入与力度相关的参数\n时，可以激活通过数字键盘画面的输入。触摸所需参数或\n将光标移动到该参数并按[ENTER]按钮调出具有两个输入\n选项卡的画面 （如下所示）。\n1 启用键盘输入。\n可以在键盘上弹奏音符，且音符或力度即被输入。\n2 启用数字键盘输入。\n可以使用数字键盘直接输入数字。也可以使用数据轮、\n[INC/YES]按钮和[DEC/NO]按钮增大和减小输入数字。\n数字键盘画面 \n3 清除所有数字。\n4 将值恢复到最后的设置。\n5 删除最后一位数字。\n6 完成输入操作并关闭数字键盘画面。\n增大数值\n减小数值\n增大数值\n减小数值\n3\n4\n2\n1\n5\n6\n7\n8\n1\n2\n4\n3\n5\n6\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n18\nMONTAGE有16个声部，基本乐器声音分配到各声部。这\n些声音的一组称为“演奏组”。可以通过选择合适的演奏组\n根据需要更改声音。\n有如下三个声部类型。\n标准声部 （AWM2）\n标准声部 （AWM2）主要是音调起伏的乐器类型声音 （钢\n琴、风琴、吉他、合成器等），可在整个键盘范围内弹奏。\n标准声部 （FM-X）\n标准声部 （FM-X）是强劲的FM合成系统声音。此种声音\n从键盘常规弹奏，每个键位标准音高发声。\n鼓声部\n鼓声部主要是分配到单个音符的打击乐/鼓声音。\n演奏组也可分为如下两组。\n单声部演奏组\n单声部演奏组仅包含一个声部。如果想要演奏一个乐器，\n则选择此项。\n多声部演奏组\n多声部演奏组包含多个声部。如果想要通过叠加和分割功\n能弹奏多个乐器的声音，则选择此项。\n本乐器具有用于保存演奏组的库。基本有四种不同类型的\n库：预置、用户、资料库和GM。各个库所包含的演奏组\n和功能如下所述。\n预置库\n预置库包含一整套专门编程的演奏组。您自行编辑的演奏\n组无法保存在预置库中。\n用户库\n用户库包含已编辑和存储的演奏组。用户库最初是空的。\n须知\n如果用户库中的演奏组 （用户演奏组）被覆盖或更换，该\n用户演奏组将丢失。当您存储已编辑的演奏组时，注意不\n要覆盖任何重要的用户演奏组。\n资料库\n资料库包含已作为资料库添加的演奏组。资料库最初是空\n的。（可通过导入资料库文件添加资料库。）\nGM库\nGM库包含根据GM标准分配的声部。\n这些库各自包含根据演奏组类型组织的演奏组。\n注 \n• 有关演奏组的详细信息，请参阅参考说明书PDF文件中\n的“基本结构”。\n• 有关演奏组列表，请参阅单独的数据列表PDF。\n速成指南 — 选择演奏组\n多个演奏组\n一个演奏组\n声部 1 （钢琴）\n声部 2 （吉他）\n声部 3 （贝司）\n声部 4 （鼓）\nGM\nGM （通用MIDI）是合成器及音源音色组织和MIDI功\n能的世界标准。主要用来确保任何用特定GM设备创\n建的乐曲数据在其他GM设备上听上去都一样，无论\n制造商或型号如何。本合成器中的GM库用于实现GM\n乐曲数据的正确播放。但是，请注意，声音效果可能\n和原始音源演奏的不完全一致。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n19\n速成指南 — 选择演奏组\n首次打开本乐器时，预置库的现场设置将显示在顶部显示\n屏中。现场设置是可以自由排布演奏组的列表。一页最多\n可以排布16个演奏组。可以弹奏从预置现场设置中选择的\n各种演奏组。\n从现场设置中选择演奏组\n1\n按[LIVE SET]按钮。\n将调出现场设置画面。\n1 页面 （通过按屏幕中的[u] [d]、 ELEMENT/\nOPERATOR [MUTE]按钮或[SOLO]按钮进行切换。\n通过按编号A [5] – [8]/[13] – [16]按钮、编号B [5] – \n[8]按钮或编号C [5] – [8]按钮进行选择。）\n2 预置库/用户库 （通过按屏幕中的[u] [d]、 PART \n[MUTE]按钮或[SOLO]按钮进行切换）\n3 演奏组列表\n4 激活演奏组名称\n5 插槽名称\n6 标记 （见下表）\n注\n“无缝声音切换”功能可让您在演奏组之间顺畅切换，而\n不会切掉任何音符。SSS功能适用于本乐器中的所有预\n置库演奏组。但是， SSS仅适用于包含声部1 – 8的演\n奏组，而不适用于使用声部9 – 16的演奏组。\n2\n在屏幕上触摸所需演奏组。\n注\n• 通过按编号A [1] – [4]和[9] – [12]按钮、编号B [1] – \n[4]按钮或编号C [1] – [4]按钮，可以选择演奏组。\n• 如要排列现场设置中注册的演奏组的顺序，请参见\n第30页。\n3\n弹奏键盘。\n切换演奏组\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE]按钮。\n出现演奏组播放画面，并且显示当前演奏组名称。\n2\n将光标移至演奏组名称并使用数据轮、 [INC/\nYES]按钮或[DEC/NO]按钮选择所需演奏组。\n注\n• 若要以10级跳快速向前移动演奏组编号，请在按住\n[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[INC/YES]按钮。\n• 若要以10为单位减小，请进行相反操作；在按住\n[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[DEC/NO]按钮。\n3\n弹奏键盘。\n标记\n定义\nAWM2\n仅由AWM2声部组成的演奏组\nFM-X\n仅由FM-X声部组成的演奏组\nFM-X+\nAWM2\n由AWM2和FM-X声部组成的演奏组\nMC\n具有动态控制的演奏组\nSSS\n具有无缝声音切换的演奏组\n1\n2\n5\n6\n3\n4\n演奏组名称\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n20\n速成指南 — 选择演奏组\n使用分类查找功能\n演奏组被方便地分为特定类别，与其库的位置无关。根据\n普通乐器类型或声音特性分割类别。分类查找功能可让您\n快速找到想要的声音。\n1\n显示演奏组播放画面时按[CATEGORY \nSEARCH]按钮。 \n将调出分类查找画面。\n注\n可以通过从触摸演奏组名称时调出的菜单中选择\n[Search]打开分类查找画面。\n1 库\n2 属性\n注\n属性是演奏组属性，并根据音源类型或演奏组的声\n部排序。\n3 关键词搜索\n4 主类别\n5 子类别\n6 所选类别的演奏组列表\n注\n所选演奏组以白色显示，具有单声部的演奏组以绿\n色显示，而具有多声部的演奏组以蓝色显示。\n7 用于更改排序\n8 用于切换演奏组列表页面\n2\n触摸并选择所需主类别 （4）。\n注\n• 通过触摸[Bank] （1）并从列表中选择所需库类型，\n可以过滤演奏组列表。\n• 通过触摸[Attribute] （2）并从列表中选择所需属性\n类型，也可以过滤演奏组列表。\n• 使用编号A [1] – [16]按钮还可以选择所需主类别。\n3\n触摸并选择所需子类别 （5）。\n将调出所选类别的演奏组列表 （6）。\n注\n使用编号B [1] – [8]按钮还可以选择所需子类别。\n4\n触摸所需演奏组。\n注\n使用编号C [1] – [8]按钮还可以选择所需演奏组。\n5\n触摸HOME图标或EXIT图标实际调出所选演奏\n组。\n将关闭分类查找画面。\n注\n也可以使用[ENTER]按钮、 [EXIT]按钮或\n[PERFORMANCE]按钮结束选择。\n以下是类别及其面板缩写的列表。\n6\n弹奏键盘。\n6\n4\n5\n1\n2\n3\n7\n8\n缩写\n类别\nPiano\n钢琴\nKeyboard\n键盘乐器 （大键琴、古钢琴等）\nOrgan\n风琴\nGuitar\n吉他\nBass\n贝司\nStrings\n弦乐\nBrass\n铜管乐\nWoodwind\n木管乐器\nSyn Lead\n合成主奏\nPad/Choir\n合成打击板\nSyn Comp\n合成伴奏\nChromatic \nPerc\n和声打击乐器 （木琴、钟琴等）\nDrum/Perc\n鼓/打击乐\nSound FX\n音效\nMusical FX\n音乐效果\nEthnic\n民乐\nNo Assign\n未分配\nInit\n初始化\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n21\n速成指南 — 选择演奏组\n播放试听乐句\n可以试听演奏组声音的示范。示范声音是指“试听乐句”。\n1\n在分类查找画面中触摸[Audition]。\n播放当前所选演奏组的示范。\n如果在试听乐句播放期间选择不同的演奏组，试听乐\n句将切换到最新选择的演奏组。\n2\n再次触摸[Audition]停止播放。\n注\n• 通过按前面板上的[AUDITION]按钮，也可以播放/停\n止试听乐句。\n• 在显示演奏组画面或现场设置画面时按前面板上的\n[AUDITION]按钮，可以播放/停止试听乐句。\n选择初始化的演奏组\n按照以下步骤选择初始化的演奏组。\n1\n在分类查找画面中触摸主类别的[Init]。\n2\n仅初始化的演奏组显示在演奏组列表中。\n初始化的演奏组分为三个类别：[Initialized \nPerform]用于标准声部 （AWM2）、 [Initialized \nFM]用于标准声部 （FM-X）和[Initialized Drum]\n用于鼓声部。\n3\n选择所需演奏组。\n仅选择单声部演奏组\n使用属性功能可以过滤出单声部演奏组。\n1\n在分类查找画面中触摸[Attribute]。\n2\n从屏幕左侧的菜单中触摸[Single]。 \n3\n仅单声部演奏组显示在演奏组列表中，您可\n选择所需演奏组。\n[Audition]\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n22\n您可以将数个不同的声部混合在一层中，或在键盘上分割，甚至可以设置组合层叠/分割。每个演奏组最多可以包含八个不\n同的声部。演奏键盘前按[PERFORMANCE]按钮。\n演奏组播放画面\n在此情况下，演奏键盘会发出画面所示演奏组的声音。演奏组播放画面中显示的参数简要说明如下。可以通过触摸画面操\n作图标。\n1 演奏组名称\n2 标记\n3 分配到旋钮的功能\n4 声部名称\n5 打开/关闭声部的动态音序器\n6 打开/关闭声部的琶音\n7 声部的音高限制\n8 打开/关闭声部的键盘控制\n9 打开/关闭声部的静音\n) 打开/关闭声部的独奏\n! 声部1 – 8的音量\n@ 表 （音频输出电平）\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n1\n! @\n3\n2\n4\n7\n8\n9\n)\n5\n6\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n23\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n打开/关闭声部\n您可以根据需要打开或关闭当前演奏组的八个声部。\n打开/关闭指定声部 （静音功能）\n使用静音功能可以打开/关闭单独声部。\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮。\n按钮指示灯点亮，表示各个声部可以打开/关闭。\n2\n按任一编号A [9] – [16]按钮。所按按钮的对应按\n钮[1] – [8]将微弱点亮且声部将静音。\n再次按相同按钮可点亮按钮并退出该声部的静音功能。\n按多个声部的按钮可以打开/关闭多个声部。\n也可以使用[PART CONTROL]按钮进行以下操作使声部静\n音。\n1\n按[PART CONTROL]按钮。\n2\n按[MUTE]按钮使按钮点亮。\n在编号A [1] – [16]按钮中，只有对应声部具有分配声音\n的按钮才会点亮。\n3\n按所需编号A [1] – [16]按钮使对应声部静音。所\n按按钮将从完全点亮变为微弱点亮。\n按多个按钮可以打开/关闭多个声部。\n4\n按任一微弱点亮的编号A [1] – [16]按钮。所按按\n钮将再次完全点亮并退出该声部的静音功能。\n独奏指定声部\n独奏功能与静音功能相反，让您可以立即独奏指定声部并\n使所有其他声部静音。\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮。\n2\n按[SOLO]按钮。\n[SOLO]按钮点亮，表示该独奏启用。\n3\n按任一编号A [1] – [8] / [9] – [16]按钮。\n所按按钮将点亮，且只有声部1 – 8中的对应声部才会\n发出声音。（编号A [1] – [8]和[9] – [16]按钮相互作\n用。）\n也可以使用[PART CONTROL]按钮进行以下操作来独奏声\n部。\n1\n按[PART CONTROL]按钮。\n2\n按[SOLO]按钮使按钮点亮。\n在编号A [1] – [16]按钮中，只有对应声部具有分配声音\n的按钮才会微弱点亮。\n3\n按任一编号A [1] – [16]按钮独奏对应声部。所按\n按钮将从微弱点亮变为完全点亮。\n按任一其他数字按钮可以更改独奏声部。\n4\n按[MUTE]按钮退出独奏功能。\n2\n1\n3, 4\n1\n2\n3\n2\n1\n3\n1\n2\n4\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n24\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用琶音功能\n此功能让您只需在键盘上弹奏音符，即可触发使用当前声\n部的节奏模式组、片段和乐句。\n其不仅能够为您提供现场演奏时的灵感和完整的节奏片\n段，还可为您提供各种音乐流派的全格式乐器伴奏声部，\n用以轻松制作乐曲。 \n您可以将所需八个琶音类型分配到各声部并最多同时播放\n八个声部的琶音。\n您也可以设置琶音播放方法、音符范围、力度范围和演奏\n效果，制作您自己原创的律动。\n注\n有关琶音的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n打开/关闭琶音\n若要打开或关闭琶音播放，请按面板上的[ARP ON/OFF]\n按钮。\n改变琶音类型\n通过按下编号C [1] – [8]按钮可以根据需要更改琶音类型。\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮。\n[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮点亮，表示可使用\n编号C [1] – [8]按钮选择琶音。\n2\n按任一编号C [1] – [8]按钮更改琶音类型。\n注\n有关设置琶音类型的信息，请参考第37页。\n打开/关闭各声部的琶音播放\n您可以如下所述打开或关闭演奏组八个声部的琶音播放。\n1\n按[PART CONTROL]按钮。\n[PART CONTROL]按钮点亮，表示可使用编号C [1] – \n[8]按钮打开/关闭各声部的琶音播放。\n2\n按各个编号C [1] – [8]按钮打开和关闭各声部的琶\n音播放。\n当琶音播放打开时，对应按钮将完全点亮，当琶音播\n放关闭时，按钮将微弱点亮。\n注\n您也可以通过触摸画面上的[ARP ON/OFF]按钮打开/关\n闭各声部的琶音播放。\n2\n1\n2\n1\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n25\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用动态音序器功能\n强劲动态音序器功能可让您根据预先创建的音序通过操作\n参数动态更改声音。\n该功能根据各个音序 （如外接设备的速度、琶音或节奏）\n对更改声音提供实时控制。\n您可以对一个序列最多分配八个所需音序类型。\n您也可以对一个声部最多设置四个对应动态音序器功能的\n序列。最多八个序列可同时用于整个演奏组。\n对于动态音序器功能，除了能够设置琶音播放方法之外，\n还可以设置力度范围、演奏效果、幅度等，以便制作您自\n己原创的律动。 \n注\n有关动态音序器的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文\n件。\n打开/关闭动态音序器\n按前面板上的[MOTION SEQ ON/OFF]按钮可打开/关闭动\n态音序器。\n更改动态音序\n按编号B [1] – [8]按钮可切换动态音序类型。\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮。\n[PERFORMANCE CONTROL]按钮点亮，表示可使用\n编号B [1] – [8]按钮选择动态音序类型。\n2\n按编号B [1] – [8]按钮更改动态音序。\n选择分配到各编号B按钮的所需动态音序类型。\n注\n有关动态音序编辑的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF\n文件。\n打开/关闭各声部的动态音序器\n可如下打开/关闭各声部的动态音序器。\n1\n按[PART CONTROL]按钮。\n[PART CONTROL]点亮，表示可使用编号B [1] – [8]按\n钮打开/关闭各声部的动态音序器。在此情况下，可使\n用对应的ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON]按钮打开/\n关闭通用动态音序器。 \n2\n按编号B [1] – [8]按钮打开/关闭动态音序器。\n当动态音序器打开时，对应按钮将完全点亮，当动态\n音序器关闭时，对应按钮将微弱点亮。当声部的所有\n序列处于关闭状态时，对应按钮指示灯将熄灭且此操\n作不激活。\n注\n您也可以触摸屏幕上的[MS ON/OFF]执行相同操作。\n若要打开/关闭通用动态音序器，请按ELEMENT/\nOPERATOR [COMMON]按钮。\n当动态音序器打开时，对应按钮将完全点亮，当动态\n音序器关闭时，对应按钮将微弱点亮。当声部的所有\n序列处于关闭状态时，对应按钮指示灯将熄灭且此操\n作不激活。\n注\n您也可以触摸屏幕上的[MS Cmm]执行相同操作。\n2\n1\n2\n(2)\n1\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n26\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用控制器更改声音\nMONTAGE提供数量惊人的控制选项。除了传统的弯音和调制轮之外，还具有各种特有的实时控制—包括旋钮、超级旋\n钮、滑杆、触摸条控制器和可分配开关按钮。\n触摸条控\n制器\n弯音轮\n调制轮\n[ASSIGN 1]/[ASSIGN 2] 按钮\n滑杆\n旋钮\n超级旋钮\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n27\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用旋钮更改声音\n旋钮1 – 8可调节当前演奏组或声部的各个参数，如效果深度、起音/释音特点和音质等。分配到各旋钮的功能可通过旋钮功\n能按钮、多声部控制按钮或分配按钮交替选择。基本上有两种方法可以控制声音：控制整个演奏组或控制指定声部。\n� 对于控制整个演奏组\n从演奏组播放画面将光标移至所需演奏组名称。或者打开PART [COMMON]按钮并操作旋钮1 – 8。\n� 对于控制所需声部\n从演奏组播放画面将光标移至所需声部名称。或者打开任一编号A [1] – [8]按钮并操作旋钮1 – 8。\n1\n按旋钮功能[TONE]/[EQ/FX]/[ARP/MS]按钮或旋钮指定[ASSIGN]按钮，使对应想要切换功能的按钮点亮。\n1 [TONE]：切换到声音设置相关功能\n2 [EQ/FX]：切换到EQ和效果设置相关功能\n3 [ARP/MS]：切换到琶音和动态音序器设置相关功能\n4 [ASSIGN]：切换到设计的预置功能以调出各演奏组的最佳特点\n显示当前分配到旋钮1 – 8的功能和功能的参数值。\n2\n弹奏键盘时转动所需旋钮。\n对应参数的值改变且功能/效果应用到声音。\n1\n2\n3\n4\n旋钮 1\n超级旋钮\n旋钮 2\n旋钮 3\n旋钮 4\n旋钮 5\n旋钮 6\n旋钮 7\n旋钮 8\n分配到旋钮 1 – 8 的功能。\n功能的当前值\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n28\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用超级旋钮更改声音\n超级旋钮可同时控制分配到旋钮1 – 8的功能的所有参数\n值。将超级旋钮和动态音序器组合使用可以生成复杂声\n音。\n超级旋钮始终可用。使用超级旋钮前，无需按旋钮功能按\n钮或旋钮指定按钮。\n本节说明通过超级旋钮操作更改的参数值的检查步骤。\n1\n按PART [COMMON]按钮。\n按钮点亮，表示可以对所有声部进行通用设置。\n2\n按旋钮指定[ASSIGN]按钮使按钮点亮。\n显示当前分配到旋钮1 – 8的功能和参数值。\n3\n弹奏键盘时转动超级旋钮。\n所有相关参数值同时改变且所有分配的功能应用到声\n音。\n注\n有关旋钮分配和超级旋钮设置的详细说明，请参见参\n考说明书PDF文件。\n混音\n每个混音最多可以包含16个声部，并且可以对每个声部创\n建独立的混音。您可以调节每个声部的各个混音相关参\n数：音量、声像等。\n混音的基本步骤\n1\n触摸演奏组播放画面左侧的[Mixing]选项卡。\n出现混音画面。\n1 各声部的主类别\n2 在3频段EQ/2频段EQ之间切换画面\n3 各声部的EQ设置\n4 各声部的参数值\n5 更改声部1 – 16的画面\n6 更改音频声部 （不显示声部9 – 16）的画面\n2\n按[PART CONTROL]按钮�编号A [1] – [16]按钮\n选择想要调节参数值的声部。\n注\n通过触摸屏幕上的[Audio] （6），显示音频声部。您\n可以设置与从A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔输入的音\n频数据 （AD部分）和从[USB TO HOST]端子输入的音\n频数据 （数字部分） *相关的参数。\n*设备端口中设置为“Digital L/R”的音频数据\n3\n将光标移至各声部的参数并通过转动数据轮更改\n参数值。\n注\n• 有关更多详细参数设置，请按混音画面中的[EDIT]按\n钮打开编辑画面。\n• 有关混音参数和混音编辑的详细说明，请参见参考\n说明书PDF文件。\n使用踏板控制器控制超级旋钮\n您可以用踏板控制器 （FC7）控制超级旋钮。\n1\n将踏板控制器 （FC7）连接到FOOT \nCONTROLLER [1]/[2]插孔。\n2\n将光标移至演奏组播放画面上的演奏组名\n称，然后按[EDIT]按钮。\n3\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Control]选项卡� [Control \nNumber]选项卡。\n4\n将“Foot Ctrl 1”或“Foot Ctrl 2”设置为\n“Super Knob”—具体视连接踏板控制器\n（FC7）的插孔而定。\n1\n4\n2\n5\n6\n3\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n29\n速成指南 — 弹奏键盘\n使用场景功能\n您可以将琶音类型、动态音序器类型和声部参数值等所有\n参数设置作为“场景”存储在一起。有八个场景，您可以按\n[SCENE]按钮进行选择。\n这对于播放单个演奏组时同时且大幅更改琶音类型和动态\n音序器类型很有用。\n更改场景设置\n1\n触摸演奏组播放画面左侧的[Scene]选项卡。\n出现场景画面。\n1 在场景1 – 8之间切换\n2 打开/关闭各场景的功能\n3 打开/关闭所有声部的动态音序器\n4 当前所选场景的动态音序器类型\n5 打开/关闭所有声部的琶音\n6 当前所选场景的琶音类型\n注\n仅当在第2部分选择“Arp”和“Motion Seq”时，才会显示\n第3至6部分 （请参见上图）。\n2\n根据需要设置场景1 – 8。\n当对功能、动态音序器类型或琶音类型打开[Memory]\n时，对应的功能信息将自动保存到当前所选的\n[SCENE]按钮。通过按SCENE [1] – [8]按钮之一，将切\n换场景1 – 8，并且恢复对各场景存储的信息。\n注\n您也可以从任何其他操作画面更改场景设置。要执行\n该操作，请在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按SCENE [1] – \n[8]按钮之一。场景1至8分配到各个按钮。\n3\n根据需要存储演奏组 （第32页）。\n须知\n如果您在未存储已编辑演奏组的情况下选择了另一个\n演奏组或关闭电源，则对场景所作的所有编辑操作将\n被清除。\n1\n2\n4\n3\n6\n5\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n30\n现场设置适用于现场演奏环境，因为可让您在所需演奏组中即时切换。只需将喜爱的演奏组归在一起，即可创建自己的现\n场设置。\n将演奏组注册到现场设置\n按照以下说明将演奏组存储到现场设置。\n须知\n• 将当前正在编辑的演奏组存储到现场设置之前，请先存\n储演奏组本身 （第32页）。 \n• 如果您在未存储已编辑演奏组的情况下选择了另一个演\n奏组或关闭电源，则所作的所有编辑操作将被清除。\n1\n选择想要使用的演奏组。\n2\n当出现现场设置画面以外的任何其他画面时，请\n按住[SHIFT]按钮并按[LIVE SET]。\n出现现场设置画面。\n3\n触摸其中一个插槽并按[ENTER]按钮。当前所选\n的演奏组将被注册到该插槽中。\n注\n使用编号A [1] – [4]和[9] – [12]按钮、编号B [1] – [4]按\n钮或编号C [1] – [4]按钮，可以选择插槽。\n现场设置画面 \n将注册的演奏组分类到现场设置\n可在现场设置编辑画面上更改注册到现场设置的演奏组的\n顺序。\n1\n显示现场设置画面时按[EDIT]按钮。\n出现现场设置编辑画面。\n（如果预置库/资料库的现场设置打开，将不会显示现\n场设置编辑画面。）\n2\n选择包含想要移动的演奏组的插槽并触摸屏幕上\n的[Swap]。\n[Swap]点亮，既可以更改插槽。\n3\n选择所需目的地插槽。\n原始插槽和目的地插槽相互切换。\n速成指南 — 创建自己的现场设置\n注册到插槽中的演奏组\n空插槽\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n31\n速成指南 — 创建自己的现场设置\n使用脚踏开关切换现场设置中存储的演奏组\n您可以使用连接的脚踏开关 （FC4或FC5）切换演奏\n组。此操作的设置如下。\n1\n将脚踏开关 （FC4或FC5）连接到FOOT \nSWITCH [ASSIGNABLE]插孔。\n2\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸屏\n幕左侧的[Settings]选项卡� [MIDI I/O]选项\n卡。\n3\n将“FS Assign”设置为“Live Set +”或“Live \nSet -”。\n选择“Live Set +”时，以正序切换演奏组。选择\n“Live Set -”时，以倒序切换演奏组。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n32\n本乐器具有各种针对声部、演奏组、效果和琶音的编辑画面。本章节说明如何通过组合多个声部创建原创演奏组。\n演奏组编辑\n“演奏组编辑”是指通过更改组成演奏组的参数创建演奏组\n的过程。可以在演奏组编辑画面进行此操作。\n编辑演奏组的基本操作\n1\n将光标移至演奏组播放画面上的演奏组名称，然\n后按[EDIT]按钮。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[General]选项卡编辑演奏组。\n演奏组编辑画面 \n存储演奏组\n编辑后，将演奏组存储到内存记忆。\n按[STORE]按钮存储演奏组。\n须知\n• 选择另一个演奏组或关闭电源时，已编辑的演奏组将丢\n失。\n• 如果覆盖用户库中的演奏组，其将被永久删除。当您存\n储已编辑的演奏组时，注意不要覆盖任何重要的用户演\n奏组。重要数据务必保存到连接到[USB TO DEVICE]端\n口的USB闪存设备。有关保存的详细说明，请参见第53\n页。\n注\n演奏组编辑期间可以使用编号A [1] – [16]按钮选择任何所\n需声部，并编辑所选声部。\n1\n按[STORE]按钮调出存储画面。\n2\n设置存储演奏组的目的地。\n若要存储新编辑的演奏组，请触摸[Store As New \nPerformance]部分中的“+”。\n注\n若要覆盖之前存储的演奏组，请触摸[Overwrite \nCurrent Perf.]或要覆盖的演奏组。\n3\n出现文本输入画面。输入已存储演奏组的名称。\n有关输入字符的详细说明，请参见“基本操作和各个画\n面”中的“命名 （输入字符） ” （第17页）。\n4\n选择文本输入画面上的“Done”实际执行存储操\n作。\n注\n如果您正在覆盖之前存储的文件，步骤2之后会出现确\n认画面。选择“YES”执行存储操作。\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n正在存储新的演奏组\n之前存储的演奏组\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n33\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n声部编辑\n“声部编辑”是指通过更改组成声部的参数创建声部的过\n程。可以在音素通用/键通用/操作器通用编辑画面和音素/\n键/操作器编辑画面进行此操作。可用的实际参数因声部类\n型而异。\n标准声部 （AWM2）编辑\n标准声部 （AWM2）（具有音调起伏的乐器声音）最多可\n包含八个音素。音素是声部基本的最小单位。有两种类型\n的标准声部 （AWM2）编辑画面：用于编辑所有八个音素\n通用设置的音素通用编辑画面，和用于编辑单个音素的音\n素编辑画面。\n标准声部 （FM-X）编辑\n标准声部 （FM-X）（分配的FM-X声音）最多可包含八个\n操作器。有两种类型的标准声部 （FM-X）编辑画面：用\n于编辑所有八个操作器通用设置的操作器通用编辑画面，\n和用于编辑单个操作器的操作器编辑画面。\n鼓声部编辑\n有两种类型的鼓声部编辑画面：用于编辑应用到所有鼓钥\n匙的设置的键通用编辑画面，和用于编辑单个键的琴键编\n辑画面。\n声部编辑的基本操作\n1\n将光标移至想要在演奏组播放画面上编辑的声\n部，然后按[EDIT]按钮。\n2\n确保ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON]按钮打\n开，然后触摸屏幕左侧的[Part Settings]选项卡\n� [General]选项卡编辑所需声部。\n� 对于标准声部 （AWM2）\n对于音素通用编辑，按ELEMENT/OPERATOR \n[COMMON]按钮。\n对于音素编辑，从编号B [1] – [8]按钮中按要编辑音素\n的对应数字按钮。\n� 对于鼓声部\n对于键通用编辑，按ELEMENT/OPERATOR \n[COMMON]按钮。\n对于键编辑，按要编辑鼓声部 （BD、 SD等）对应的\n编号B [1] – [8]按钮。\n使用编号B [1] – [8]按钮可以切换各个乐器声音 （分配\n到C1至C#2）的键。若要选择分配到C1至C#2的键以\n外的键，请打开画面上的“Keyboard Select”并弹奏分\n配到要编辑键的音符。\n� 对于标准声部 （FM-X）\n对于操作器通用编辑，按ELEMENT/OPERATOR \n[COMMON]按钮。\n对于操作器编辑，从编号B [1] – [8]按钮中按要编辑操\n作器的对应数字按钮。\n注\n有关声部参数的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文\n件。\n通过将各个参数 （效果、 EG等）应用到乐器声音的\n波形创建音素。本乐器的标准声部 （AWM2）最多包\n含八个音素。\nFM-X的缩写“FM”代表“频率调制”，是使用一个波形的\n频率调制另一个波形从而产生全新波形的特殊音源系\n统。通过MONTAGE的八个“操作器”产生波形。产生\n基本波形的操作器是“载波”，调制这些波形的操作器\n是“调制器”。这八个操作器均可用作载波或调制器。\n通过更改操作器组合的方式并控制电平和包络等其他\n参数调制，能够以高度复杂的方式生成层次丰富的声\n音。\n载波\n要调制的波形\n声音输出\n调制器\n已调制的波形\n正在调制的\n波形\n当调制器的音量增加时，载\n波波形将改变。\n* 当音量为 0 时，载波波形不\n受影响。\n鼓声部主要是分配到单个键的打击乐/鼓声音。通过更\n改分配的声音类型以及调节音高和EQ，可以创建各\n个鼓声部。\n本乐器的鼓声部最多包含73键。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n34\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n� 音素通用编辑画面 \n画面结构与键/操作器通用编辑画面相同。\n� 音素编辑画面 \n画面结构与键/操作器编辑画面相同。\n3\n根据需要存储演奏组。\n注\n编辑声部期间可以通过按PART [COMMON]按钮选择\n任一所需演奏组，并编辑所选演奏组。\n声部效果编辑\n本乐器具有各种类型的效果，可在键盘演奏的所选声部中\n加入变化和混响。只需更改应用到预置声部的效果类型，\n即可立刻出现不同声音。以下说明介绍如何设置应用到声\n部的效果类型和相关参数，然后将设置作为用户演奏组存\n储。\n1\n将光标移至演奏组播放画面上要编辑的声部，然\n后按[EDIT]按钮。\n2\n按ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON]按钮。\n3\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Effect]选项卡� [Routing]选项\n卡。\n出现用于音素通用编辑的效果画面。\n1 各音素/键的输出\n2 插入效果A的类别\n3 插入效果A的类型\n4 插入效果A的预置\n5 插入效果A和B之间的连接方法\n6 侧链/调制器的选择\n4\n设置各音素/键的输出 （1）。\n5\n选择对应插入效果A的参数 （效果类别 （2）、\n效果类型 （3）和效果预置 （4））。\n6\n设置插入效果A和B之间的连接方法 （5）。\n7\n设置插入效果B的侧链/调制器 （6）。\n注\n侧链/调制器使用来自一个音轨的输出来控制不同音轨\n中的效果。您可以指定用于激活功能的效果类型，使\n非所选声部的输入信号或音频输入信号能够控制指定\n效果。\n视效果类型而定，此触发称为“侧链”或“调制器”。\n表示音素通用编辑画面激活。\n在音素通用编辑和音素编辑之间切换。\n表示音素编辑画面激活。\n2\n3\n1\n5\n4\n6\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n35\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n8\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Ins A]选项卡。\n出现用于编辑步骤4中所选效果参数的画面。\n9\n根据需要设置参数。\n尝试通过精确编辑各效果类型的参数来缩小所需声音\n的范围。\n10\n使用相同操作编辑插入效果B。\n11\n根据需要存储演奏组。\n声部如何分配到演奏组\n默认情况下 （出厂时），预置库中提供演奏组的各个类\n型。对于某些演奏组，由于非常复杂，用户可能无法立即\n明白如何弹奏或使用。在本节，您将了解演奏组创建的典\n型方式，从而更好地理解如何弹奏和使用。本节包含典型\n的四个声部分配。\n此方法可让您通过按任意音符同时弹奏多个 （两个或更\n多）声部。 \n例如：通过合并两个相似声部 （如两个不同的弦乐声部，\n每个声部的起音速度不同）创建更加浑厚的声音。\n此方法可让您用左手和右手弹奏不同的声部。通过如下所\n示分别将弦乐声部分配到较低范围并将笛管分配到较高范\n围，您可以用左手弹奏弦乐伴奏，同时用右手弹奏笛管旋\n律。\n此方法可让您根据演奏力量 （力度）触发不同声部。在以\n下示例中，以低力度弹奏音符将触发起音速度慢的弦乐声\n音。以中等力度弹奏音符将触发起音速度快的弦乐声音。\n以高力度弹奏音符将触发管弦乐齐奏。\n比较功能\n比较功能可在刚编辑的声音和其原始、未编辑状态之\n间切换，以便您试听编辑对声音的影响。\n显示编辑画面时按[EDIT]按钮，使[EDIT]按钮闪烁。\n在此状态下，编辑之前的声音设置将暂时恢复，以便\n比较。再次按[EDIT]按钮可以返回原始状态。\n演奏组结构\n层\n演奏组结构\n按照音符范围分割\n演奏组结构\n按照力度范围分割\nC1\nC2\nC3\nC4\nC5\nC6\n起音速度快的弦乐\n起音速度慢的弦乐\n声部 2\n声部 1\nC1\nC2\nC3\nC4\nC5\nC6\n声部 2\n声部 1\n弦乐\n笛管\nC1\nC2\nC3\nC4\nC5\nC6\n管弦乐齐奏\n起音速度快的弦乐\n起音速度慢的弦乐\n声部 3\n声部 2\n声部 1\n力度\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n36\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n使用此方法，可以自己弹奏一个频段的所有声部。此类型\n的演奏组也使用分配到单个声部的不同琶音类型，使其更\n容易听起来像全频段。在以下示例中，即使释音，鼓组模\n板 （通过琶音）也将无限播放，并且将通过左手演奏组播\n放贝司声部 （通过琶音），而通过右手演奏组播放吉他伴\n奏 （通过琶音）或钢琴琶音。此外，您可以通过按任一编\n号C [1] – [8]按钮更改各声部的琶音类型分配。\n使用或组合上述四种方法可让您创建丰富多样的演奏组。\n默认情况下，已通过以上方法创建了预置库中存储的许多\n演奏组。尝试各种演奏组并了解适用于各个演奏组的方\n法。\n通过合并声部创建演奏组\n在预置库中查看预编程的演奏组之后，尝试创建自己的原\n创演奏组。在本节中，我们将通过合并两个声部创建演奏\n组。\n选择演奏组\n为进行演示，我们将钢琴声音分配到声部1。\n1\n将光标移至演奏组播放画面上声部1的声部名称，\n并在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[CATEGORY \nSEARCH]按钮。\n出现声部分类查找画面。\n2\n从演奏组列表中选择[Full Concert Grand]。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n同时弹奏数个声部 （层）\n尝试通过将喜爱的声部分配到声部2组合两个声部。\n1\n将光标移至演奏组播放画面上声部2的声部名称，\n并在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按[CATEGORY \nSEARCH]按钮选择所需声音。\n2\n弹奏键盘。\n声部1 （钢琴）和声部2 （以上已选择的声音）在一层\n中同时响起。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n接下来，让我们用左手和右手弹奏不同声部。\n演奏组结构\n使用琶音\nC1\nC2\nC3\nC4\nC5\nC6\n声部 3\n声部 4\n声部 1\n具有琶音的吉他\n具有琶音的钢琴\n具有琶音的贝司\n琶音保持设置为 ON 的鼓\n声部 2\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n37\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n分割\n音符范围在键盘低部时将一个声部分配到声部1，音符范\n围在键盘高部时将另一个声部分配到声部2，如此即可用\n左手和右手弹奏不同的声部。\n1 音高下限 （该声部范围的最低音符）\n2 音高上限 （该声部范围的最高音符）\n1\n触摸声部1的音高上限 （2）或将光标移至2并\n按[ENTER]按钮。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Keyboard]菜单将其打开。\n3\n按对应键设置声部1的最高音符。\n声部1范围部分中的音符编号改变。\n4\n触摸声部2的音高下限 （1）或将光标移至1并\n按[ENTER]按钮。\n5\n按对应键设置声部2的最低音符。\n声部2范围部分中的音符编号改变。\n6\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Keyboard]菜单将其关闭。\n7\n弹奏键盘。\n用左手弹奏的音符发出钢琴声部 （声部1）的声音，而\n用右手弹奏的音符发出所选的其他声部 （声部2）的声\n音。\n8\n打开[PART CONTROL]按钮并使用控制滑杆1和\n2调节声部1和2的音量设置。\n将分割声部的音符范围更改为低一个八度\n将声部2的音符范围更改为低一个八度。\n1\n将光标移至声部2并按[EDIT]按钮进行声部编辑。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Part setting]选项卡� [Pitch]选\n项卡。\n3\n选择“Note Shift”调节音高。\n以半音为单位切换音高。设置“-12”可使音符范围低一\n个八度。\n4\n弹奏键盘。\n更改各声部的琶音设置\n尝试更改各声部的琶音设置。您可以将最适合所需音乐风\n格的节奏或伴奏模式组分配到演奏组。\n1\n将光标移至声部1并按[EDIT]按钮调出音素通用编\n辑画面。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Arpeggio]选项卡� [Common]\n选项卡 （画面顶部附近）。\n出现用于设置所有琶音类型通用琶音参数的画面。\n请注意，琶音保持参数和琶音类型选择均有用。当此\n参数设置为“on”时，即使释音，也会持续琶音播放。当\n鼓声音分配到声部，并且无论是否保持音符均要持续\n播放琶音 （节奏模板）时，此参数应设置为“on”。\n1\n2\n声部 1：钢琴声部\n声部 2：其他声部\n音高切换\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n38\n速成指南 — 编辑设置\n3\n触摸[Individual]选项卡调出各琶音类型的设置画\n面。\n4\n触摸琶音类型并选择屏幕左侧的[Search]菜单。\n（或者，您可以按[CATEGORY SEARCH]按\n钮。）\n类别决定乐器类型，而子类别决定音乐类型。\n继续操作并根据需要以相同的方法分配其他琶音类型。\n5\n根据需要存储演奏组。\n[Common] 选项卡\n琶音类型的设置\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n39\n您可以将MIDI数据作为乐曲录制在本乐器上或将演奏组 （音频数据）录制到插入MONTAGE的USB闪存设备。\n术语\n乐曲\n本乐器上的乐曲与MIDI音序器上的乐器实际是相同的，并\n且在录制数据结束时播放自动停止。 MONTAGE最多可以\n存储64首乐曲。\n音轨\n这是存储音乐演奏组 （由MIDI事件组成）的音序器上的存\n储位置。 MONTAGE提供16个音轨，与16个混音声部对\n应。\n实时录制\n当随节拍器弹奏时，本乐器录制演奏组数据。实时录制有\n三个可用方法：替换、叠加、切入/切出。\n• 替换可让您用新数据覆盖已录制的音轨，删除之前录制\n的数据。\n• 叠加可让您将更多数据添加到已包含数据的音轨—换句\n话说就是将新的音符录制在之前音符之上。\n• 切入/切出可让您有选择性地重新录制音轨的指定部分。\nMIDI录音\n本乐器具有用于将键盘演奏组录制为MIDI数据的演奏组录\n制器 （内置多音轨音序器）。此功能可让您立即存储浮现\n于脑海的乐句。您可以使用DAW创建完整复杂的多乐器编\n曲以及完整的乐曲。 \n录制到音轨\n在本节中，您将了解如何通过将声部录制到音轨1来录制\n键盘演奏。但是，首先需要设置用于录制的MONTAGE。\n1\n触摸演奏组播放画面左侧的[Play/Rec]选项卡。\n出现录制画面。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[MIDI]选项卡。\n3\n按[I] （录音）按钮。\n出现录音设置画面。\n注\n或者，您只需按演奏组画面中的[I] （录音）按钮，可\n立即执行步骤1 – 3。\n1 乐曲名称\n2 当前所选的演奏组名称\n3 拍号 （表头）\n4 位置 （录制/播放的起始位置）\n5 量化\n6 对应整个音序的位置\n7 整个音序的录制时间\n8 各音轨播放打开/关闭\n4\n在录音设置画面上设置以下参数。\n4-1 将光标移至拍号 （表头）（3），然后设置值。对于\n本示例，将其设置为“4/4”。\n4-2 在录音量化中将量化设置为“240 (8th note)” （5）。\n此方便的功能可让您在录音时实时自动量化音符\n（或“整理”其时间）。量化将音符事件的时间分配到\n最近的节拍。通常，应设置音符中的最小音符值\n（如果从乐谱弹奏时）。\n5\n完成录制设置后，按[R] （播放）按钮开始录\n音。\n按[R] （播放）按钮，然后在计时后开始实际录制。\n6\n弹奏结束后，按[J] （停止）按钮停止录制。\n如果弹错音符，请按[J] （停止）按钮，然后重试录\n制。\n录制和播放\n1\n3\n4\n7\n5\n6\n8\n2\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n40\n录制和播放\n以节拍录制\n按照下列步骤在MIDI录音期间使用节拍。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮并触摸屏幕上的[Tempo \nSettings]调出速度设置画面。将“Mode”设置为\n“Rec”。\n注\n设置为“Rec/Play”时，节拍在MIDI录音和播放期间发\n出声音。设置为“Always”时，节拍始终发出声音。\n重新录制乐曲的指定部分 （切入/切出）\n使用切入/切出录制方法仅录制音轨的指定部分。如果\n设置起点 （切入）和终点 （切出），然后从乐曲的开\n头开始录制，将仅在切入和切出点之间进行实际录\n制。在以下八小节示例中，仅重新录制第三至第五小\n节。\n注\n请注意，切入/切出方法始终替换 （破坏）指定部分\n的原始数据。\n若要在上述情况中执行切入/切出录制，请预先在录音\n设置画面上设置以下参数。\n1 “Record Type”：“punch”\n2 切入：003:01\n从该点关闭录制音轨的播放，且键盘演奏将被录\n制到音轨。\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n重新录制之前\n录制开始\n录制停止\n切入点\n切出点\n重新录制之后\n新录制的数据\n3 切出：006:01\n在该点结束录制，且开始正常播放录制音轨。\n取消最近录制 （撤销/恢复）\n撤销作业将取消在最近录制片段中所做的更改，并将\n数据恢复为其之前状态。恢复只有在使用撤销后才能\n使用，可让您恢复撤销之前所做的更改。\n1 撤销 （如果未进行录制，此画面不可用。）\n触摸[Undo]时，画面提示您进行确认。选择撤销\n将取消之前的录制。\n2 恢复 （如果未进行撤销操作，此画面不可用。）\n触摸[Redo]时，画面提示您进行确认。选择恢复\n将恢复所做的更改。\n2\n3\n1\n1\n2\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n41\n录制和播放\n播放乐曲\n在本节中，您将了解如何在播放录制的乐曲时使用方便的\n静音/独奏功能。\n乐曲播放\n1\n按[R] （播放）按钮开始播放乐曲。\n注\n若要调节乐曲的音量，请使用[MASTER VOLUME]滑\n杆。\n2\n按[J] （停止）按钮停止乐曲。\n调节各声部的音量\n您可以使用面板滑杆调节八个声部每一个的音量。\n当前选择音轨1 – 8之一时，八个滑杆用于调节声部1 – 8的\n音量。选择音轨9 – 16之一时，滑杆用于调节声部9 – 16的\n音量。打开[PART CONTROL]按钮并在编号A [9] – [16]按\n钮之间按所需数字按钮，可以选择音轨。\n除了滑杆之外，旋钮1 – 8可用于实时影响乐曲播放的声部\n设置。有关详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n将您的演奏录制为音频\n您在MONTAGE上的演奏可作为WAV格式 （44.1-kHz，\n24位，立体声）音频文件录制到USB闪存设备。录制电平\n固定，最多可以持续录制74分钟 （假定USB存储设备可用\n存储空间充足）。\n须知\n录制、播放期间或正在保存录制的音频文件时，切勿关闭\nMONTAGE或所选存储设备。上述时间关闭这两个设备可\n能导致无法继续访问存储设备。\n1\n将USB闪存设备连接到MONTAGE的[USB TO \nDEVICE]端口。\n2\n触摸演奏组播放画面左侧的[Play/Rec]选项卡。\n出现录制画面。\n3\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Audio]选项卡。\n4\n按[I] （录音）按钮设置音频录音。\n出现录音设置画面。\n1 播放位置\n2 整个音频数据中的当前播放位置\n3 可用录制时间\n4 电平表\n5 触发电平\n5\n设置所需触发电平 （5）。\n如果将触发电平设置为“manual”，只要按[R] （播放）\n按钮，即开始录制。或者，如果设置1和127之间的\n值，只要播放音量超过该电平，将自动开始录制。此\n处设置的电平将在电平表 （4）中以蓝色的三角形表\n示。为获得最佳结果，请尽量将此参数设置地很低以\n捕获整个信号，但又不能过低而录制不需要的噪音。\n停止\n播放\n[PART CONTROL] 按钮\n编号 A [9] – [16] 按钮\n2\n4\n3\n5\n1\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n42\n录制和播放\n6\n按[R] （播放）按钮。\n如果已将触发电平设置为“manual”，按[R] （播放）\n按钮之后，将立即开始录制。录制时， [I] （录音）按\n钮将以红色点亮，而[R] （播放）按钮将以绿色点亮。\n如果已设置1和127之间的值作为触发电平，只要播放\n音量超过该电平，将自动开始录制。\n7\n弹奏键盘。\n如果将触发电平设置为1和127之间的值，只要播放音\n量超过该电平，将自动开始录制。\n8\n弹奏结束后，按[J] （停止）按钮。\n录制的音频文件将被保存在所选设备中。\n播放音频文件\n如下所述， MONTAGE可以播放来自USB闪存设备的音频\n文件 （.wav），无论其由乐器本身创建，还是来自其他\n源。\n1\n将USB闪存设备连接到MONTAGE的[USB TO \nDEVICE]端口。\n2\n触摸演奏组画面左侧的[Play/Rec]选项卡� \n[Audio]选项卡。\n3\n触摸“Audio Name”，然后选择屏幕左侧的\n[Load]菜单。\n4\n选择源USB闪存设备和文件夹。\n5\n选择USB闪存设备上的所需文件 （.wav）执行加\n载操作。\n1 音频名称\n2 音频音量\n3 音频长度\n6\n按[R] （播放）按钮。\n音频文件将开始播放。\n7\n将光标移至“Audio Volume” （2），然后使用数\n据轮调节播放音量。\n8\n按[J] （停止）按钮停止播放。\n注\n请记住，音频播放期间，您也可以在键盘上弹奏所选\n的演奏组。\n2\n3\n1\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n43\n主控键盘功能最多可让您在每个演奏组中分配八个独立的区域，用作主控键盘控制器。\n您可以通过与现场设置组合，随时立即调出用于控制外接MIDI设备的设置。因此，现场演奏时，您可以按顺序更改并控制\n外接MIDI音源。\n进行用作主控键盘的设置—区域\n将MONTAGE用作主控键盘时，最多可以将键盘分为八个\n独立的区 （称为“区域”）。不同的MIDI通道以及旋钮和控\n制滑杆的不同功能可分配到各个区域。由此通过一个键盘\n即可同时控制内置复合音色音源的多个声部，或在多个不\n同通道上控制外接MIDI乐器的演奏组，以及本合成器自身\n的内置演奏组—可让您使用MONTAGE有效进行多个键盘\n的工作。您可以设置八个区域相关的参数并存储设置。\n首先，通过激活区域设置将MONTAGE设置为主控键盘。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面。\n2\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Settings]选项卡� [Advanced]\n选项卡。\n3\n触摸[Zone Master]将其打开。\n4\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n接下来，根据主控键盘 （区域）对各个演奏组进行设置。\n1\n按[PERFORMANCE]按钮调出演奏组播放画面。\n2\n将光标移至当前所选演奏组的所需声部并按\n[EDIT]按钮编辑该声部。\n3\n触摸屏幕左侧的[Part Settings]选项卡� [Zone \nSettings]选项卡。\n4\n触摸[Zone]将其打开。\n5\n设置区域相关参数，如MIDI发送通道和音高限\n制。\n6\n触摸[Zone Transmit]选项卡根据需要设置发送开\n关。\n完成这些设置后，按[STORE]按钮存储演奏组。\n有关区域设置的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n用作主控键盘\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n44\n随着A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔\n输入的声音弹奏键盘\n您可以将A/D输入声 （如您通过麦克风、 CD播放机或合成\n器的声音）作为音频输入声部进行分配。音量、声像和效\n果等各个参数可设置到此声部，且声音与键盘演奏的声音\n一起输出。\n1\n确保关闭本乐器的电源并将A/D INPUT [GAIN]旋\n钮设置到最小。\n2\n将音频设备或麦克风连接到后面板上的A/D \nINPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔。\n注\n推荐标准动圈话筒。（本乐器不支持幻象供电的电容麦\n克风。）\n3\n打开连接的音频设备，然后打开MONTAGE。\n4\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸屏幕左\n侧的[Settings]选项卡� [Audio I/O]选项卡。\n5\n根据连接到A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔的各\n个设备设置“Mic/Line”参数。\n连接麦克风等低输出电平的设备时，将此参数设置为\n“Mic”。连接高输出电平的设备 （如合成器键盘、 CD\n播放机、便携式音乐播放器）时，将此参数设置为\n“Line”。\n6\n按A/D INPUT [ON/OFF]按钮使其指示灯点亮。\n此设置启用要从连接的音频设备输入的音频信号。\n7\n使用[GAIN]旋钮调节输入电平。\n注\n使用[GAIN]旋钮调节输入电平，使PEAK LED仅在输入\n声最响时短暂点亮。 \n8\n按[PERFORMANCE]按钮，然后选择所需演奏\n组。\n当您对着麦克风唱歌或播放音频设备时，弹奏键盘。\n连接麦克风或音频设备\nA/D INPUT\n[R]\nA/D INPUT\n[L /MONO]\nL\nR\n立体声音频设备 （CD 播放机等）\nA/D INPUT\n[L/MONO]\n麦克风\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n45\n您可以在工具画面设置各个参数。特别是可以通过触摸[Settings]选项卡设置应用到本乐器整个系统的参数。一旦按[EXIT]\n按钮返回原始画面，即会激活您在工具画面所做的更改。本节说明与整个系统设置相关的一些有用功能。\n设置自动开机任务\n您可以决定打开电源时自动调出哪个画面：现场设置画面\n还是演奏组播放画面。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n在[Power on Mode]中，选择“Live Set” （现场\n设置画面）或“Perform” （演奏组播放画面）作\n为启动画面。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。 \n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n设置按钮指示灯表现\n您可以控制按钮指示灯的变暗。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n将“Half Glow”设置为“Off”、 “1/4”或“1/2”。\n选择“Off”时，变暗功能关闭。\n选择“1/4”时，微弱点亮状态下的按钮亮度降低为完全\n点亮状态的25%。此亮度水平适合舞台等黑暗环境。\n选择“1/2”时，微弱点亮状态下的按钮亮度降低为完全\n点亮状态的50%。此亮度水平适合难以分辨按钮是微\n弱点亮还是熄灭的明亮环境 （如室外）。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n打开/关闭各种功能\n您可以通过触摸工具画面上的[System]选项卡设置各种功\n能。\n打开/关闭动画\n您可以如下打开/关闭画面转换的动画。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n在“Animation”中选择“ON”或“OFF”打开或关闭\n动画。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。 \n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n打开/关闭画面模糊效果\n选择任一画面时，之前选择的画面变模糊。您可以如下打\n开/关闭此功能。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n将“Blur”设置为“ON”或“OFF”打开或关闭模糊效\n果。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n进行总体系统设定\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n46\n进行总体系统设定\n打开/关闭提示音\n您可以如下打开/关闭提示音 （确认操作、菜单/参数选择\n等）。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n将“Beep”设置为“ON”或“OFF”打开或关闭提示\n音。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n打开/关闭超级旋钮的闪烁\n在默认设置中，超级旋钮以当前节拍闪烁。您可以如下打\n开/关闭此闪烁。\n当此功能关闭时，超级旋钮保持持续点亮。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [System]选项卡。\n2\n在“Knob Flash”中选择“ON”或“OFF”打开或关\n闭闪烁。\n触摸面板校正\n如果触摸面板偶尔不响应或响应不稳定，可能需要校正触\n摸面板。\n1\n按住[UTILITY]按钮并按PART [COMMON]按钮。\n出现工具画面，已选择[Calibrate Touch Panel]。\n2\n按[ENTER]按钮。\n3\n出现白色方格。触摸方格校正触摸面板，并继续\n触摸后续白色方格直至操作完成。\n注\n或者，您可以触摸[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [System]\n调出系统设置画面并触摸[Calibrate Touch Panel]。\n更改主音调\n您可以调节MONTAGE的调音。进行合奏时此功能很有\n用，可以配合其他无法轻易调音的乐器 （如钢琴）的音\n高。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [Sound]选项卡。\n2\n选择“Tune”并使用数据轮更改参数。\n在此示例中，我们将值从“440 Hz”更改为“442 Hz”。由\n于调音参数以音分 （1音分=半音的1/100）为单位进\n行调节，右侧显示以赫兹为单位的对应值。转动数据\n轮将值更改为“+8.0”。根据需要使用调谐器进行更加精\n确的调音。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n调音\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n47\n进行总体系统设定\n更改力度曲线\n这五条曲线决定如何根据您在键盘上演奏音符的力度 （力\n量）来生成并传送实际的力度。画面中显示的图形表示力\n度响应曲线。（横线表示接收到的力度值 （弹奏力度），\n而竖线表示传送到内部/外部音源的实际力度值。）\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸\n[Settings]选项卡� [Sound]选项卡。\n2\n从画面左侧的弹出菜单中选择“Velocity Curve”\n并根据需要更改曲线设置。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\nNormal \n该线性“曲线”在键盘弹奏力量 （力度）\n与实际声音变化间产生一对一的对应\n关系。\nSoft \n该曲线则增加响应，特别是对于较低\n的力度。\nHard \n该曲线则增加响应，特别是对于较高\n的力度。\nWide \n该曲线可增强您的弹奏力度，使得较\n柔和的弹奏产生较低的力度，而较用\n力的弹奏相应产生较大的力度。因此，\n您可以使用此设置扩大动态范围。\nFixed \n此设置可使声音变化量 （在以下固定\n力度中设置）在任何弹奏力度下都保\n持一致。\n力度曲线\n当力度曲线的参数设置为“Fixed”时\n您弹奏音符的力度固定为此处设置值。\n设置本地控制打开/关闭\n本地控制通常设置为打开；但是在某些情况下 （与计\n算机和音序器程序配合使用时），您可能想要将其关\n闭，使键盘不弹奏内置声部，但在键盘上弹奏音符\n时，仍通过MIDI OUT端口传送合适的MIDI信息。此\n外，在本乐器中正确处理输入的MIDI信息。\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面并触摸屏幕左\n侧的[Settings]选项卡� [MIDI I/O]选项卡。\n \n2\n将“Local Control”设置为“ON”或“OFF”。\n3\n按[EXIT]按钮。\n将存储设置并返回前一画面。\n设置固定力度值\n本地控制\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n48\n通过标准MIDI线缆 （另售），您可以连接外接MIDI乐器并从MONTAGE进行控制。同样，您可以使用外接MIDI设备 （如键\n盘或音序器）控制MONTAGE上的声音。以下是几种不同的MIDI连接示例，使用与您的预期设置最接近的一种方法。\n注 \n可使用内置接口、 MIDI端口或[USB TO HOST]端口进行MIDI数据的发送/接收；但是，无法同时使用。按[UTILITY]按钮� \n[Settings]选项卡� [MIDI I/O]选项卡选择要用于MIDI数据传输的端口。当您使用本章节中的说明时，请将“MIDI IN/OUT”设\n置为“MIDI”，因为此处的连接示例使用MIDI。\n从外接MIDI键盘或合成器控制\nMONTAGE\n使用外接键盘或合成器远程选择和弹奏MONTAGE的演奏\n组。\n从MONTAGE控制外接MIDI键盘或合\n成器\n此连接可通过弹奏MONTAGE或从MONTAGE播放乐曲来\n使外接MIDI音源 （合成器、音源模块等）发声。当您想要\n使其它乐器与MONTAGE一起发声时，请使用此连接。\n连接外接MIDI乐器\nMIDI发送和接收通道\n请务必使外接MIDI乐器的MIDI发送通道与MONTAGE\n的MIDI接收通道相匹配。关于设置外接MIDI乐器\nMIDI发送通道的详细信息，请参见该乐器的使用说明\n书。 MONTAGE各MIDI接收通道编号对应各声部编\n号，如通道1对应声部1，通道2对应声部2等。\nMIDI [IN]\nMIDI [OUT]\nMONTAGE\n外接 MIDI 键盘、合成器等\n通过MIDI通道分割MONTAGE和外接音源之间\n的声音\n使用上述连接示例，您可以弹奏两种乐器并使其分别\n发出不同声部的声音—例如，当乐曲播放MONTAGE\n的声音时使键盘演奏发出外接乐器的声音。若要使用\n此功能，必须将MONTAGE的发送通道和外接音源的\n接收通道设置为相同的通道编号。 MONTAGE各MIDI\n发送通道编号对应各声部编号，如通道1对应声部1，\n或通道2对应声部2。但是，您可以通过以下步骤选择\n所需发送通道。\n按[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Advanced]，然后将\n“Zone Master”设置为“ON”。若要编辑声部，请触摸\n[Part Settings] � [Zone Settings]调出区域设置画\n面。检查“Zone Transmit”中的MIDI发送通道，如有必\n要，请更改此参数。当您只想让外接音源发声时，请\n调低MONTAGE的主音量，或通过以下操作将“Local \nControl”设置为“off”：[UTILITY] � [Settings] � \n[MIDI I/O]调出MIDI设置画面，然后将“Local Control”\n设置为“off”。关于如何设置外接MIDI乐器MIDI接收通\n道的信息，请参见该MIDI乐器的使用说明书。\nMIDI [OUT]\nMIDI [IN]\nMONTAGE\n外接 MIDI 音源，如 MOTIF-RACK XS\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n49\n通过将MONTAGE连接到计算机，可以使用计算机上的DAW或音序软件制作您原创的乐曲。\n注 \n缩写DAW （数字音频工作站）指的是用于录音、编辑和混合音频及MIDI数据的音乐软件。主要的DAW应用程序为\nCubase、 Logic、 Ableton Live和ProTools。\n连接计算机\n将MONTAGE连接到计算机时，需要使用USB线缆和\nYamaha Steinberg USB Driver。请按照下列说明进行操\n作。请注意，通过USB线缆可传送音频数据和MIDI数据。\n1\n请从我们的网站下载最新Yamaha Steinberg \nUSB Driver。\n单击Download按钮之后，对压缩文件进行解压缩。\nhttp://download.yamaha.com/\n注\n• 在以上网站上也可找到有关系统要求的信息。\n• Yamaha Steinberg USB Driver可能会修订及更新，\n恕不另行通知。请务必在上述网站查看和下载最新\n版本。\n2\n将Yamaha Steinberg USB Driver安装到计算\n机。\n有关安装的说明，请参见下载的文件包中附带的在线\n安装指南。将本乐器连接到计算机时，请如下所示将\nUSB线缆连接到本乐器的[USB TO HOST]端口和计算\n机的USB端口。\n3\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面。\n4\n触摸画面左侧的[Settings]选项卡� [MIDI I/O]选\n项卡。\n5\n将“MIDI IN/OUT”设置为“USB”。\n确认本乐器的[USB TO HOST]端口已启用。\n6\n根据个人偏好进行音频数据的输入和输出设置。\n可以从[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Audio I/O]进行更\n改。\n使用快速设置功能更改音频和MIDI数据相关参数，调\n出专门编程的预置即可对计算机/音序器相关的不同应\n用程序快速重新配置MONTAGE。\n要执行该操作，请触摸画面左侧的[Settings]选项卡� \n[Quick Setup]选项卡调出快速设置画面。\n触摸[Store Current Settings]可以将所需设置存储到任\n意1至3快速设置。\n注\n有关快速设置功能进行设置的可用参数的详细信息，\n请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n使用连接的计算机\nUSB 端口\n[USB TO HOST] 端口\nUSB 线缆\n后面板\n快速设置 1 至 3\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n50\n使用连接的计算机\n使用[USB TO HOST]端口时的注意事项\n将计算机连接至[USB TO HOST]端口时，请务必遵循\n以下要点。否则会有计算机死机和数据损坏或丢失的\n危险。\n如果计算机或本乐器死机，重新启动应用程序软件或\n计算机操作系统，或者关闭本乐器电源再打开。\n须知\n• 请使用AB型USB线缆。\n• 将计算机连接到[USB TO HOST]端口之前，请退\n出计算机的任何节能模式 （例如暂停、睡眠、待\n机）。\n• 在接通本乐器电源之前，请将计算机连接到[USB \nTO HOST]端口。\n• 在接通或切断本乐器电源或者从[USB TO HOST]\n端口插拔USB线缆之前，请执行以下内容。\n- 关闭计算机上任何打开的应用程序软件。\n- 确认未从本乐器传送数据。（仅当在键盘弹奏音\n符或播放乐曲时有数据传输。）\n• 当计算机与本乐器相连时，执行下列操作时中间应\n至少等待6秒钟：（1）关闭本乐器电源然后再次打\n开时，或者 （2）交替连接/断开USB线缆时。\nMIDI通道和MIDI端口\nMIDI数据被分配到16个通道中的一个，本合成器能通\n过16个MIDI通道同时演奏16个独立声部。但是，使\n用另外的MIDI“端口” （每个端口支持16个通道）可打\n破16通道的限制。一根MIDI电缆的标准为可以最多同\n时使用16通道处理数据，而USB连接可以处理更多的\n数据—这就有赖于MIDI端口的使用。每个MIDI端口可\n以调用16个通道， USB连接最多允许8个端口的使\n用，结果是：可以在计算机上使用最多128个通道\n（8个端口 x 16个通道）。 \n使用USB线缆将本乐器连接到计算机时， MIDI端口的\n定义如下：\n端口1\n本乐器上的音源模块只能识别和使用此端口。当将\nMONTAGE用作外接MIDI乐器或计算机的音源弹奏\n时，您应在相连的MIDI设备或计算机上将MIDI端口设\n定为1。\n端口3\n此端口用作MIDI Thru端口。通过[USB TO HOST]端\n口在端口3接收到的MIDI数据将通过MIDI [OUT]端口\n再次传送到外接MIDI设备。\n通过MIDI [IN]端口在端口3接收到的MIDI数据将通过\n[USB TO HOST]端口再次传送到外接设备 （计算机\n等）。使用USB连接时，请确定要匹配MIDI发送端口\n和MIDI接收端口，以及匹配MIDI发送通道和MIDI接\n收通道。请务必根据上述信息设定与本乐器相连的外\n接设备的MIDI端口。\n音频通道\nMONTAGE的音频信号可输出到[USB TO HOST]端口\n和OUTPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔。 \n在连接计算机时，请使用[USB TO HOST]端口。在此\n情况下，当采样频率为44.1 kHz时，最多可使用32个\n音频通道 （16个立体声通道），当采样频率在\n44.1 kHz和192 kHz之间时，最多可使用8个音频通道\n（4个立体声通道）。如下进行输出至通道分配：\n[EDIT] � [Part Settings] �[General]画面中的“Part \nOutput”。\nMONTAGE的音频信号可从[USB TO HOST]端口和A/\nD INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插孔输入。\n最多可将6个通道 （3个立体声通道）的音频输入到\n[USB TO HOST]端口。在混音画面或演奏组编辑画面\n中设置输出电平。信号输出到OUTPUT [L/MONO]/\n[R]插孔 （2个通道）。此外，最多2个音频通道 （1个\n立体声通道）可输入到A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]插\n孔。信号发送到MONTAGE的A/D输入部分。有关更\n多详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n51\n使用连接的计算机\n使用计算机制作乐曲\n通过将MONTAGE与MONTAGE相连计算机上的DAW软件\n组合使用，您可充分利用以下功能及应用。\n• 将MONTAGE演奏的MIDI录音和音频录音录制到DAW软\n件。\n• 使用MONTAGE音源从DAW软件播放乐曲。\n本章节中概述了在连接完成 （第49页）后将计算机上的\nDAW软件与MONTAGE组合使用的方法。\n将您在MONTAGE上的演奏作为MIDI数据录\n制到计算机 （不录制琶音播放）\n通过此方法，可将您在MONTAGE上的演奏仅作为MIDI数\n据录制到DAW中。请记住，无法录制琶音播放。\n设置MONTAGE\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面。\n2\n触摸画面左侧的[Settings]选项卡� [Quick \nSetup]选项卡调出快速设置画面。\n3\n选择“Quick Setup”的“1 (MIDI Rec on DAW)”。\n4\n按[EXIT]按钮选择想要录制的演奏组。\n设置DAW软件\n1\n在DAW软件上将MIDI Thru设置为“on”。\n通过将MIDI Thru设置为“on”，弹奏键盘所产生的以及\n发送到计算机的MIDI数据将返回到MONTAGE。如以\n下示例所示，根据录制音轨的设置，从MONTAGE发送\n然后通过MIDI通道1录制到计算机的MIDI数据将通过\nMIDI通道3从计算机返回到MONTAGE。因此，\nMONTAGE的音源将使弹奏键盘产生的MIDI数据发出\n如同通道3中的MIDI数据一样的声音。\n2\n将MONTAGE演奏录制到DAW软件中。\n将您在MONTAGE上的演奏作为MIDI数据录\n制到计算机 （录制琶音播放）\n通过此方法，可将您在MONTAGE上的琶音播放作为MIDI\n数据录制到DAW中。\n设置MONTAGE\n1\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面。\n2\n触摸画面左侧的[Settings]选项卡� [Quick \nSetup]选项卡调出快速设置画面。\n3\n选择“Quick Setup”的“2 (Arp Rec on DAW)”。\n4\n按[EXIT]按钮选择想要录制的演奏组。\n设置DAW软件\n遵照“将您在MONTAGE上的演奏作为MIDI数据录制到计算\n机 （不录制琶音播放） ”中的相同操作。\nMONTAGE\n[USB TO HOST] 端口\n音源模块 （识别\nMIDI 通道 3 中的数\n据）\n键盘 （通过\nMIDI 通道 1 输\n出）\n本地控制 = 关闭\n计算机\n（Cubase 等）\nMIDI Thru = 打开\nIN\nCH1\nOUT\nCH3\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n52\n使用连接的计算机\n将MONTAGE用作音源从计算机进行乐曲播\n放\n以下说明介绍如何将本乐器用作MIDI音源。在这种情况\n下，从计算机上的DAW软件发送实际的MIDI音序数据，让\n您充分利用MONTAGE的动感声音，另一优点是不使用软\n件合成器从而节省计算机的处理功耗。\n设置MONTAGE\n1\n选择要编辑的演奏组。\n2\n触摸演奏组播放画面上的[Mixing]选项卡调出混\n音画面。\n3\n根据需要设置1 – 16声部的混音。\n设置DAW软件\n1\n将用于弹奏MONTAGE的音轨的MIDI输出端口设\n置为MONTAGE的端口1。\n2\n将MIDI数据输入到计算机上DAW软件的各音轨。\nMIDI音轨对应部分的音源设置将在MONTAGE上的混\n音画面上进行设置。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n53\n工具画面中提供了用于在MONTAGE和连接至[USB TO DEVICE]端口的外接USB闪存设备之间传送整个系统设置和数据\n（如演奏组和现场设置）的工具。\n本节说明如何将本乐器用户存储器上的所有数据作为“User”文件保存/加载。\n将设置保存到USB闪存设备\n1\n将USB闪存设备连接到本乐器的[USB TO \nDEVICE]端口。\n2\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸画面左\n侧的[Contents]选项卡� [Store/Save]选项卡。\n3\n将“Content Type”设置为“User File”。\n4\n选择所需USB闪存设备目录。\n1 父文件夹\n2 USB闪存设备中的存储目的地文件夹\n3 新存储目的地\n4 现有文件\n5\n触摸[Save As New File]中的“+”。\n注\n若要覆盖现有文件，请触摸文件名。\n6\n出现文本输入画面。输入要存储的文件名。\n有关输入名称的详细说明，请参见“基本操作和各个画\n面”中的“命名 （输入字符） ” （第17页）。\n7\n触摸文本输入画面上的[Done]实际执行存储操\n作。\n注\n若要覆盖现有文件，请在提示您确认的画面上选择\n“YES”。\n从USB闪存设备加载设置\n须知\n加载操作将覆盖本乐器中之前存在的所有数据。重要数据\n务必保存到连接到[USB TO DEVICE]端口的USB闪存设\n备。\n1\n将USB闪存设备连接到本乐器的[USB TO \nDEVICE]端口。\n2\n按[UTILITY]按钮调出工具画面，然后触摸画面左\n侧的[Contents]选项卡� [Load]选项卡。\n3\n将“Content Type”设置为“User File”。\n4\n选择所需USB闪存设备文件夹。\n5\n选择要执行加载操作的存储器的文件 （扩展名：\n.X7U）。\n1 源USB闪存设备\n2 USB闪存设备中的源文件夹\n3 现有文件\n保存/加载数据\n选择内容类型\n1\n2\n3\n4\n1\n2\n3\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n54\n保存/加载数据\n使用[USB TO DEVICE]端口时的注意\n事项\n本乐器内置[USB TO DEVICE]端口。当将USB设备连接到\n此端口时，一定要小心地操控USB设备。使用时请遵循下\n述重要注意事项。\n注\n有关使用USB设备的详细信息，请参见USB设备的使用说\n明书。\n兼容的USB设备\n• USB闪存\nUSB集线器、计算机键盘或鼠标等其它USB设备无法使\n用。\n本乐器未必支持所有的市售USB设备。 Yamaha并不保证\n您所购买的USB设备能够正常操作。在购买用于本乐器的\nUSB设备前，请访问下面的网页： \nhttp://download.yamaha.com/\n尽管USB设备1.1到3.0版本可以在本乐器上使用，但保存\n到USB设备或从其加载的时间长度因数据的类型或本乐器\n的状态而异。\n注\nUSB TO DEVICE端口的额定值最高为5V/500mA。不要连\n接高于该额定值的USB设备，否则可能造成本乐器的损\n坏。\n连接USB设备\n将USB设备连接到[USB TO DEVICE]端口时，确保设备上\n的接口适用且连接方向正确。\n须知\n• 不要在播放/录制和文件管理操作 （如保存、复制、删除\n和格式化）或访问USB设备的过程中，连接或断开连接\nUSB设备。否则可能造成本乐器操作的“死机”或USB设\n备和数据的损毁。\n• 连接然后断开USB设备时 （反之亦然），确保两个操作\n之间相隔几秒钟。\n使用USB闪存\n将本乐器连接到USB闪存后，您可以将创建的数据保存到\n相连的设备上，也可以从相连设备读取数据。\n允许USB闪存的最大数量\n[USB TO DEVICE]端口上最多只能连接一个USB闪存。 \n格式化USB闪存\n您只能用本乐器格式化USB闪存。在其它设备上格式化的\nUSB闪存可能无法正确操作。\n须知\n格式化操作将覆盖以前已有的数据。确保要格式化的USB\n闪存不含重要数据！ \n注\n有关格式化的详细说明，请参见参考说明书PDF文件。\n保护数据 （写保护）\n为防止重要的数据被误删除，请使用每个USB闪存的写保\n护功能。如果向USB闪存保存数据，确定已禁用写保护功\n能。\n关闭本乐器\n关闭本乐器时，确保本乐器没有通过播放/录制或文件管理\n（如保存、复制、删除和格式化操作等）访问USB闪存。\n否则可能会损毁USB闪存和数据。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n55\n本乐器上的某些重要功能和操作可通过简便的面板控制快捷方式来执行。\n只需在按住[SHIFT]按钮的同时按所示按钮 （如下所示）即可。\n切换功能列表\n操作\n功能\n[SHIFT] + KNOB POSITION [1]\n在值1中存储分配到旋钮的Assign 1 – 8。\n[SHIFT] + KNOB POSITION [2]\n在值2中存储分配到旋钮的Assign 1 – 8。\n[SHIFT] + OCTAVE [-]\n将移调值减1。\n[SHIFT] + OCTAVE [+]\n将移调值加1。\n[SHIFT] + OCTAVE [-] + OCTAVE [+]\n将移调值复位至0。\n[SHIFT] + [DEC/NO]\n将所选参数值减10。\n[SHIFT] + [INC/YES]\n将所选参数值加10。\n[SHIFT] + [ENTER]\n调出速度设置画面。\n[SHIFT] + [PERFORMANCE]\n调出概览画面。\n[SHIFT] + [LIVE SET]\n调出现场设置注册画面。\n[SHIFT] + [UTILITY]\n调出快速设置画面。\n[SHIFT] + [CATEGORY SEARCH]\n调出当前所选声部的声部分类查找画面。\n[SHIFT] + [PERFORMANCE CONTROL]\n设置演奏组控制。如果已选择声部9以外的任何声部，请选择声部9。\n[SHIFT] + SCENE [1] – [8]\n在SCENE [1] – [8]按钮中存储SCENE 1 – 8。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [1]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第一列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [2]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第二列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [3]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第三列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [4]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第四列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [5]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第五列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [6]\n选择左选项卡的第一行和第六列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [9]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第一列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [10]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第二列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [11]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第三列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [12]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第四列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [13]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第五列。\n[SHIFT] +编号A [14]\n选择左选项卡的第二行和第六列。\n[UTILITY] + [PART COMMON]\n调出触摸面板校正设置画面。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n56\n画面讯息\nLCD 指示\n描述\n** will be deleted.\n当要执行的指定操作将会使指定数据被删除时，出现此信息。\n** will be overwritten.\n当已存在与您想要保存的文件/文件夹同名的文件/文件夹时，出现此信\n息。\nActivate the source controller to assign.\n您可以将参数分配到要激活的控制器。\nAdvanced settings will be initialized.\n[Advanced]选项卡中执行的所有设置将被初始化。\nAll data and libraries will be \ninitialized.Unsaved user data will be lost. \n所有数据和库将被初始化。未保存的用户数据将丢失。 \nAll data is initialized upon power-on.\n电源打开时所有数据被初始化。\nAll settings will be initialized.User data is \nkept. \n所有设置将被初始化。用户数据保留。 \nAll sound will be stopped during \noptimization.\n在恢复内存记忆之前，出现此信息。优化期间，所有声音将停止。\nAll user data will be initialized.Unsaved user \ndata will be lost. \n所有用户数据将被初始化。未保存的用户数据将丢失。 \nAre you sure?\n确定是否要执行指定操作。\nAudio Rec stopped due to lack of memory \nspace.\nUSB闪存设备已满，不能再保存多余音频录音数据。请使用新的USB闪存\n设备，或者从USB闪存设备中删除无用数据以腾出空间。\nAuto power off disabled.\n禁用自动关机之前，出现此信息。\nBulk data protected.\n由于设置无法接收批量数据。\nCan’t process.\nMONTAGE无法处理请求的操作。\nCompleted.\n已经完成指定的加载、保存、格式化或其它作业。\nConnecting to USB device...\n当前正在识别与[USB TO DEVICE]端口相连的USB闪存设备。\nCopy protected.\n您尝试导出或保存受版权保护的数字音频源。\nCurrent user data will be overwritten by **.\n正在保存文件时出现此信息，该名称下的用户数据已存在。\nData memory full.\n内存记忆已满，阻止在库中存储录制的数据。\nDevice number is off. \n因为设备编号为关闭状态，因此批量数据不能传送/接收。\nDevice number mismatch. \n因为设备编号不匹配，因此批量数据不能传送/接收。\nFile is not found. \n加载操作期间未找到指定文件。\nFile or folder already exists.\n已存在与您想要保存的文件/文件夹同名的文件/文件夹。\nFile or folder path is too long.\n由于已超过表示路径的最大字符数，无法访问您尝试访问的文件或文件\n夹。\nFolder is not empty.\n您尝试删除包含数据的文件夹。\nIllegal bulk data.\n接收批量数据或批量请求信息时出错。\nIllegal file name.\n指定文件名称无效。请尝试输入不同的名称。\nIllegal file.\n本合成器无法使用或无法加载指定文件。\nKeybank full.\n执行加载操作时，已超过键库的最大总数。\nLibrary full.\n执行相关操作时，已超过库的最大总数。\nMIDI buffer full.\n因为一次接收的数据过多导致不能处理MIDI数据。\nMIDI checksum error. \n当接收批量数据时发生错误。\nNo data. \n当所选音轨或范围不包含数据时，出现此信息。选择合适的音轨或范围。\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n57\n画面讯息\nNo read/write authority to the file.\n表示您无权读/写文件。\nNow initializing all data…\n表示本合成器正在恢复出厂编程设置。\nNow initializing…\n表示正在初始化指定数据。\nNow loading... \n表示正在加载文件。\nNow receiving MIDI bulk data... \n表示本合成器正在接收MIDI批量数据。\nNow saving... \n表示正在保存文件。\nNow transmitting MIDI bulk data... \n表示本合成器正在发送MIDI批量数据。\nPlease connect USB device.\n将USB设备连接到[USB TO DEVICE]端口进行音频录音。\nPlease keep power on.\n正在将数据写入闪存ROM。在将数据写入闪存ROM时，切勿试图关闭电\n源。在显示此信息时关闭电源，将导致所有用户数据丢失，并且有可能引\n起系统冻结 （由于闪存ROM中的数据损毁造成）。这样也可能会导致在下\n次打开电源时MONTAGE无法正确启动。\nPlease reboot to enable the new Audio I/O \nMode.\n请重新启动本合成器以启用音频数据输入/输出设置的更改。\nPlease reboot to maintain internal memory.\n请重新启动本合成器恢复内存记忆。\nPlease stop audio play/rec.\n您试图进行的操作无法在音频录音或播放过程中执行。\nPlease stop sequencer.\n您试图进行的操作无法在乐曲播放过程中执行。\nPlease wait…\n表示本合成器正在执行指定操作。\nRecall latest edits.\n如果您正在编辑演奏组而在未存储已编辑演奏组的情况下选择了另一个演\n奏组，则所作的所有编辑将被清除。如果出现这种情况，您可使用调用原\n封不动恢复上次编辑的演奏组。\nRedo last recording.\n确认是否要恢复已撤销的操作。\nSample is protected.\n无法覆盖样本数据。\nSample is too long. \n采样大小过大且无法执行加载操作。\nSample memory full.\n样本存储器已满且无法进一步执行加载操作。\nScene stored.\n场景已存储到[SCENE]按钮之一。\nSong data overload.\n乐曲尺寸过大无法播放。\nSong full.\n执行相关操作时，已超过乐曲的最大总数。\nTouch the white square.\n在触摸面板校正期间当需要触摸显示的白色矩形时，出现此信息。\nTurn on Memory Switch to memorize ** into \nthis scene.\n当对某功能打开[Memory] （记忆开关）时，对应功能信息自动存储在当\n前所选的[SCENE]按钮中。\nUndo last recording.\n确认是否要撤销最近的录制。\nUnsupported USB device.\n当连接了不受支持的USB设备时，出现此信息。\nUSB connection terminated.\n由于电流异常， USB闪存设备连接发生中断现象。从[USB TO DEVICE]端\n口断开USB闪存设备，然后按任一面板按钮。\nUSB device is full.\nUSB闪存设备已满，不能再保存多余数据。请使用新的USB闪存设备，或\n者从存储设备中删除无用数据以腾出空间。\nUSB device is write-protected. \n当尝试写入受保护USB闪存设备时，出现此信息。\nUSB device read/write error. \n对USB闪存设备读取或写入时出错。\nUSB device will be formatted.\n在格式化USB设备之前，出现此信息。\nWaveform full.\n执行相关操作时，已超过波形的最大总数。\nLCD 指示\n描述\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n58\n没有声音？声音不对？发生此类问题时，请先检查以下项目后，再认为是产品出现了故障。在将您的数据备份到USB闪存\n设备 （第15页）后执行数据初始化 （第53页）可解决很多问题。如果问题仍然存在，请咨询Yamaha经销商。\n触摸面板无法正确响应。\n� 您在触摸面板上触摸的点是否与下方画面中目标项目正确对齐？\n校正触摸面板。\n没有声音。\n� 所有滑杆是否均设置到合适电平 （0 或最小除外）？\n� MONTAGE 是否通过音频线正确连接到相关外接装置 （如，放大器、扬声器、耳机）？\n由于 MONTAGE 没有内置扬声器，因此需要外接音频系统或一副立体声耳机才可以正确监听 （第 14 页）。\n� 本合成器和连接至本合成器的外接装置的电源是否开启？\n� 所有电平设置是否都合适，包括本合成器的主音量以及其它外接装置的音量设置？\n当踏板控制器与 [FOOT CONTROLLER] 插孔相连时，请踩下踏板控制器。\n� 本地控制参数是否设置为关闭？\n当本地控制参数设置为关闭时，即使弹奏键盘，也不会发出声音。\n� 是否选择了空白声部？\n如果是，请将任意声音分配到该声部或选择其他声部。\n� 各声部的静音开关是否打开？\n当静音开关打开时，即使弹奏键盘，也不会发出声音。\n� 各声部的键盘控制是否关闭？\n� 各声部的 “Arp Play Only” 参数是否打开？\n当此参数打开时，对应声部仅通过琶音播放发出声音。\n� 使用外接控制器时， MIDI 音量或 MIDI 表情设置是否过低？\n� 效果与滤波器设置是否合适？\n如果使用滤波器，试着改变截止频率。某些截止设置有可能会过滤掉所有声音。\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 是否选择 “Vocoder” 作为声部的插入效果类型？\n如果是，请将与 A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R] 插孔相关的参数设置为合适的值，然后在将您的声音输入连接到 MONTAGE\n的麦克风的同时弹奏键盘。检查后面板上的 A/D INPUT [GAIN] 旋钮是否设置到最小位置。\n故障排除\n[UTILITY] + PART [COMMON] � [ENTER]\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [System] � [Calibrate Touch Panel]\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [MIDI I/O] � “Local Control”\n[PERFORMANCE] � 声部选择 � “Mute”\n[PERFORMANCE] � 声部选择 � “Kbd Ctrl”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Arp Play Only”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Arpeggio] � [Common] � “Arp Play Only”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Effect]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Filter]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Pitch/Filter]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing]\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n59\n故障排除\n� 音量或表情设置是否过低？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 音素开关、音高限制、力度限制和力度偏移值等参数设置是否合适？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 声部各音素 / 操作器的静音开关是否打开？\n \n� 如果是标准声部 （FM-X），载波电平是否设置为 “0”？\n� 各声部的输出参数是否关闭？\nA/D INPUT 插孔无声音输出。\n� 麦克风的开关是否打开？\n� 检查麦克风类型。务必使用动圈话筒。\n� 麦克风或音频设备和本乐器之间的线缆是否正确连接？\n� A/D INPUT [GAIN] 旋钮是否转到最小？\n� A/D INPUT [ON/OFF] 按钮是否打开？\n� 检查 A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R] 的连接状态是否符合 “Mono/Stereo” 参数。\n� 检查 “Mic/Line” 参数是否设置为合适值。\n当相连装置 （如麦克风）的输出电平较低时，请将此参数设置为 “Mic”。当相连装置 （如合成器键盘、 CD 播放机）的\n输出电平较高时，请将此参数设置为 “Line”。\n� A/D 输入声部的音量设置是否过低？\n� 效果设置是否合适？\n� A/D 输入声部的输出设置是否合适？\n� 检查是否选择了声码器效果。\n当选择声码器作为当前声部的插入效果时，视参数设置而定，从 A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R] 插孔输入的音频信号可能不\n会发出声音。\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Sound] � 音源 “Volume”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [General] � “Volume”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Volume”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Dry Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Amplitude] � [Level/Pan] � “Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 操作器选择 � [Level] � “Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Osc/Tune]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 各音素 / 操作器的静音开关\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 操作器选择 � [Level] � “Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Part Output”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Audio In] � [Mixing] � A/D In “Input Mode”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Audio I/O] � “A/D Input”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Audio In] � [Mixing] � A/D In “Volume”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Audio In] � [Routing]\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Audio I/O] � Output\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing]\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n60\n故障排除\n持续不停播放。\n� 当 [ARP ON/OFF] 按钮打开时，按此按钮使按钮关闭。\n� 在乐曲画面中时，按 [J] （停止）按钮。\n� 当继续发出延迟等效果声时，检查效果设置或重新选择演奏组。\n� 当继续发出节拍声时，检查以下参数设置。将此参数设置为 “always” 以外的设置，因为无论音序器状态如何，此设置均\n会始终播放节拍声。\n声音失真。\n� 效果设置是否合适？\n在某些设置下使用效果有可能会产生失真。\n� 滤波器设置是否合适？\n过高的过滤器共鸣设置可导致失真。\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 是否将下列任何音量参数设定过高以至于产生削波？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n声音被切断。\n� 整个声音 （通过键盘播放和乐曲 / 声部 / 琶音播放）是否超过 MONTAGE 的最大复音数 （AWM2 和 FM-X 各为 128)？\n每次只有一个音符发声。\n� 当发生此情况时，在当前模式中的单音 / 复音参数被设置为 “mono”。\n如果要演奏和弦，请将此参数设置为 “poly”。\n音高或间隔错误。\n� 各声部的主音调参数是否设置为 “0” 以外的其它值？\n� 各声部的音高切换参数是否设置为 “0” 以外的其它值？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n[UTILITY] � [Tempo Settings] � Click “Mode”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Filter]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Pitch/Filter]\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Sound] � Tone Generator “Volume”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Audio I/O] � “Output”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [General] � “Volume”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Volume”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Amplitude] � [Level/Pan] � “Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 操作器选择 � [Level] � “Level”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [General] � “Mono/Poly”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Sound] � Tone Generator “Tune”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [Pitch] � “Note Shift”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [Pitch] � “Detune”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Pitch/Filter] � [Pitch] � “Note Shift”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Pitch/Filter] � [Pitch] � “Detune”\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n61\n故障排除\n� 当声部产生错误音高时，是否从微调参数中选择了合适的调音系统？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 当声部产生错误音高时， LFO 音高调制深度是否设置过高？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 当声部产生错误音高时，粗调和微调设置是否合适？\n•如果是标准声部 （AWM2）和鼓声部\n•如果是标准声部 （FM-X）\n� 当声部似乎产生错误音高时，控制器设定的目的地是否设置为 “Pitch”？\n未应用效果。\n� 效果开关是否关闭？\n� 变化发送或混响发送是否设置为 “0” 以外的其它值？\n� 变化返回或混响返回是否设置为 “0” 以外的其它值？\n� 是否所有音素 / 键的插入效果输出参数均已设置为效果设置中的 “thru”？\n� 如果是系统效果，是否任何或所有效果类型已设置为 “No Effect”？\n� 如果是插入效果，是否任何或所有效果类型已设置为 “Thru”？\n� 检查插入开关参数是否正确设置。\n无法启动琶音。\n� 检查 [ARP ON/OFF] 按钮是打开还是关闭。\n� 计算琶音开关打开的声部的数量。\n您最多可以同时播放八个声部的琶音。\n� 音高限制和力度限制等琶音相关参数是否正确设置？\n� 琶音类型参数是否设置为 “off”？\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Part Settings] � [Pitch] � “Micro Tuning Name”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Pitch/Filter] � [Pitch] � “Micro Tuning Name”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素选择 � [Element LFO] � “Pitch Mod”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Mod/Control] � [2nd LFO] � “Pitch Modulation”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Osc/Tune] � “Coarse”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 音素 / 键选择 � [Osc/Tune] � “Fine”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 操作器选择 � [Form/Freq] � “Coarse”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � 操作器选择 � [Form/Freq] � “Fine”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � [Mod/Control] � [Control Assign] � “Destination”\n[UTILITY] � [Effect Switch]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing] � “Var Send”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing] � “Rev Send”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing] � “Var Return”\n[EDIT] � PART [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing] � “Rev Return”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Routing] � “Element 1-8”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Effect] � [Ins A]/[Ins B]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Arpeggio] � [Common]\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � [Arpeggio] � [Individual] � “Name”\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n62\n故障排除\n� 检查琶音开关参数。\n如果当前声部的此参数设置为关闭，即使 [ARP ON/OFF] 按钮打开，也不会通过键盘演奏触发琶音播放。\n无法停止琶音。\n� 即使已经释放琴键，琶音播放还是不停止时，请将琶音保持参数设定为 “off”。\n即使按下 [R] （播放）按钮也无法开始播放乐曲。\n� 所选乐曲是否实际包含数据？\n无法录制乐曲。\n� 用于录制的可用存储空间是否充足？\nMONTAGE 存储器最多可以录制 64 首乐曲。如果存储器已满，则无法录制更多内容。\n计算机与 MONTAGE 间的数据通信不能正常工作。\n� 检查计算机上的端口设置是否适当。\n� 检查 MIDI IN/OUT 参数是否设置为合适值。\nMIDI 批量数据传送 / 接收不能正常工作。\n� 接收批量参数是否设置为关闭？\n将接收批量参数设置为打开。\n� 当接收通过批量转储功能传送并且录制在外接MIDI设备中的MIDI批量数据时，需要将MIDI设备编号设定为与传送时相同\n的值。\n当传送无法正常工作时，连接至 MONTAGE 的 MIDI 乐器设备编号是否设置为与设备编号参数匹配？\n无法将数据保存到外接 USB 闪存设备。\n� 正在使用的 USB 闪存设备是否受到写保护？ （在保存数据时，应将写保护设置为关闭）。\n� USB 闪存设备上的可用空间是否充足？\n在目录画面中，将设备设置为 USB 闪存设备。检查画面右上方所示的 USB 闪存设备当前可用 （未使用）存储量。\n� Yamaha 是否保证特定 USB 闪存设备的操作？ \n有关详细信息，请参见第 54 页。\n在画面中，有一些黑点 （未点亮）或白点 （始终点亮）。\n� 这些点是 LCD 屏幕偶发的坏像素点；它们不会影响操作。\n[PERFORMANCE] � 声部选择 � “Arp On”\n[EDIT] � 声部选择 � ELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] � [Arpeggio] � [Common] � “Hold”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [MIDI I/O] � MIDI “MIDI IN/OUT”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Advanced] � MIDI “Receive Bulk”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Advanced] � MIDI “Device Number”\n[UTILITY] � [Settings] � [Advanced] � MIDI “Device Number”\n[UTILITY] � [Contents] � [Load]/[Store/Save]\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n63\n本使用说明书的内容为出版时最新的技术规格。请至Yamaha 网站下载最新版本的使用说明书。技术规格、设备或选购配\n件在各个地区可能会有所不同，因此如有问题，请与当地Yamaha经销商确认。\n规格\n键盘\nMONTAGE8：88键，平衡力度锤键盘 （初始力度/触后）\nMONTAGE7：76键， FSX键盘 （初始力度/触后）\nMONTAGE6：61键， FSX键盘 （初始力度/触后）\n音源模块\n音源\n动态控制合成引擎\nAWM2：8音素\nFM-X：8操作器， 88算法\n复音\nAWM2：128 （最大；立体声/单音波形）\nFM-X：128 （最大）\n多音色容量\n16声部 （内置），音频输入声部 （A/D*1， USB*1）\n*1立体声声部\n波形\n预置：5.67 GB （转换为16位线性格式时），用户：1.75 GB\n演奏组\n约1,900\n滤波器\n18种类型\n效果系统\n混响x12种类型，变化x76种类型，插入 （A， B） x76种类型*2，主控效果x15\n种类型\n*2 A/D部分插入x71种类型\n<每个效果类型参数的预置设置以模板形式提供>\n主EQ （5频段），第一声部EQ （3频段），第二声部EQ （2频段）\n音序器模块\n音符容量\n约130,000个音符\n音符分辨率\n480 ppq （每四分音符格数）\n速度 （BPM）\n5 – 300\n演奏组录制\n器\n乐曲\n64首乐曲\n音轨\n16音序音轨、速度音轨、场景音轨\n录制类型\n实时替换、实时叠加、实时切入/切出\n音序格式\nMONTAGE原始格式、 SMF格式0、 1\n琶音\n声部\n8声部同时 （最大）\n预置\n约10,000种类型\n用户\n256种类型\n动态音序器\n序列\n8 + 1序列 （最大）\n其它\n现场设置\n预置：128以上，用户：2,048\n控制器\n主音量、 AD输入增益旋钮、弯音轮、调制轮、触摸条控制器、控制滑杆x8、\n旋钮x8、超级旋钮、数据轮\n显示屏\n7\" TFT彩色宽屏VGA LCD触摸屏\n接口\n[USB TO DEVICE]、 [USB TO HOST]、 MIDI [IN]/[OUT]/[THRU]、 FOOT \nCONTROLLER [1]/[2]、 FOOT SWITCH [ASSIGNABLE]/[SUSTAIN]、\nOUTPUT (BALANCED) [L/MONO]/[R] （6.3 mm，平衡TRS插孔）、\nASSIGNABLE OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L]/[R] （6.3 mm，平衡TRS插孔）、\n[PHONES] （6.3 mm，标准立体声耳机插孔）、 A/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R]\n（6.3 mm，标准耳机插孔）\n尺寸、重量\nMONTAGE8：1,450 （宽） x 470 （深） x 160 （高） mm， 29 kg\nMONTAGE7：1,244 （宽） x 396 （深） x 131 （高） mm， 17 kg\nMONTAGE6：1,037 （宽） x 396 （深） x 131 （高） mm， 15 kg\n附件\nAC电源线、使用说明书 （本书）、 Cubase AI下载信息\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n64\nA\nA/D INPUT [GAIN] 旋钮 ................................................... 7\nA/D INPUT [L/MONO]/[R] 插孔................................ 12, 44\nA/D INPUT [ON/OFF] 按钮............................................... 7\nABS （音频节拍同步）............................................. 12, 13\n[AC IN] （AC 电源线插座）............................................ 12\n[ARP ON/OFF] （琶音开 / 关）按钮........................... 7, 24\n[ASSIGN 1] 和 [ASSIGN 2] 按钮 （可分配开关 1\n和 2）................................................................................ 6\n[ASSIGN] 按钮 .................................................................8\nASSIGNABLE OUTPUT (BALANCED) [L] 和 [R] 插孔\n（TRS 平衡输出）........................................................... 12\n[AUDITION] 按钮 ..................................................... 10, 21\nB\n保存................................................................................ 53\n包络跟随器..................................................................... 12\n比较功能 ........................................................................ 35\n编号 A [1] – [16] 按钮..................................................... 10\n编号 B [1] – [8] 按钮....................................................... 10\n编号 C [1] – [8] 按钮 ...................................................... 10\n标记................................................................................ 19\n标准声部 （AWM2）....................................................... 18\n标准声部 （FM-X）......................................................... 18\nC\n操作器............................................................................ 33\n操作器编辑..................................................................... 33\n操作器通用编辑.............................................................. 33\n[CATEGORY SEARCH] 按钮............................................ 9\n层 ................................................................................... 35\n场景功能 ........................................................................ 29\n超级旋钮 .................................................................... 8, 28\n触摸面板 LCD .................................................................. 8\n触摸条控制器 ................................................................... 6\n[CONTROL ASSIGN] 按钮............................................... 8\nCubase .................................................................... 49, 63\n存储................................................................................ 32\nD\nDAW 软件....................................................................... 51\n[DEC/NO] 按钮........................................................... 9, 17\n电源................................................................................ 14\n动态音序器..................................................................... 25\n独奏................................................................................ 23\nE\n[EDIT] 按钮.......................................................................9\nEFFECT 图标.................................................................. 16\nELEMENT/OPERATOR [COMMON] 按钮 ...................... 10\nELEMENT/OPERATOR [MUTE] 按钮 ............................. 10\nELEMENT/OPERATOR [SOLO] 按钮 ............................. 10\n[ENTER] 按钮................................................................... 9\n耳机................................................................................14\n[EXIT] 按钮.......................................................................9\nF\n分割................................................................................35\n分类查找 ........................................................................ 20\nFOOT CONTROLLER [1]/[2] 插孔..................................12\nFOOT SWITCH [ASSIGNABLE]/[SUSTAIN] 插孔........... 12\nG\n格式化............................................................................ 54\nGM 库............................................................................. 18\n工具画面 ........................................................................ 45\n鼓声部............................................................................ 18\n光标............................................................................ 9, 16\nH\n画面讯息 ........................................................................ 56\n恢复初始出厂设置..........................................................15\n混音................................................................................28\nI\n[INC/YES] 按钮........................................................... 9, 17\nJ\n加载................................................................................53\n键盘..................................................................................6\n键通用编辑.....................................................................33\n节拍................................................................................40\n静音................................................................................23\nK\n开机模式 ........................................................................ 45\nKNOB POSITION [1] 和 [2] 按钮...................................... 8\n控制滑杆 .......................................................................... 8\n控制器............................................................................ 26\n快速设置 ........................................................................ 49\nL\n连接计算机.....................................................................49\n连接外接 MIDI 乐器........................................................ 48\n[LIVE SET] 按钮................................................................9\n录音................................................................................39\nM\n麦克风............................................................................ 44\n[MASTER VOLUME] 滑杆 .......................................... 6, 15\nMIDI [IN]、 [OUT]、 [THRU] 端口 ................................. 12\nMIDI 端口 ....................................................................... 50\nMIDI 发送通道................................................................ 48\nMIDI 录音 ....................................................................... 39\nMIDI 通道 ....................................................................... 50\n名称................................................................................17\n[MOTION SEQ HOLD] （动态音序器保持）按钮............. 6\n索引\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n65\n索引\n[MOTION SEQ ON/OFF] （动态音序器开 / 关）\n按钮............................................................................ 7, 25\n[MOTION SEQ TRIGGER] （动态音序器触发）按钮....... 6\n[MULTI] （多声部控制）按钮...........................................7\nO\nOCTAVE [-] 和 [+] 按钮.................................................... 8\nOUTPUT (BALANCED) [L/MONO] 和 [R] 插孔 （TRS 平衡\n输出）............................................................................. 12\nP\n琶音................................................................................ 24\n琶音类型 ........................................................................ 38\nPART [COMMON] 按钮.................................................. 10\n[PART CONTROL] 按钮 ................................................... 9\nPART [MUTE] 按钮......................................................... 10\nPART [SOLO] 按钮......................................................... 10\n[PERFORMANCE] 按钮.............................................. 9, 22\n[PERFORMANCE CONTROL] 按钮 ................................. 9\n[PHONES] （耳机）插孔 ............................................... 12\nQ\n切换功能列表 ................................................................. 55\n切入 / 切出...................................................................... 40\n琴键编辑 ........................................................................ 33\nS\nSCENE [1] – [8] 按钮 ................................................. 8, 29\nSEQ TRANSPORT 按钮.................................................... 8\n声部................................................................................ 23\n声部编辑 ........................................................................ 33\n试听乐句 ........................................................................ 21\n使用键盘上的键输入 ...................................................... 17\n[SHIFT] 按钮..................................................................... 9\n数据轮.............................................................................. 8\n输入字符 ........................................................................ 17\n数字键盘画面 ................................................................. 17\nSSS ................................................................................ 19\n[STANDBY/ON] 开关...................................................... 12\n[STORE] 按钮................................................................... 9\nT\n调制轮.............................................................................. 6\nU\n[USB TO DEVICE] 端口............................................ 12, 54\n[USB TO HOST] 端口............................................... 12, 50\nUSB 闪存设备 ................................................................ 53\n[UTILITY] 按钮.................................................................. 9\nW\n弯音轮.............................................................................. 6\nX\n现场设置 ........................................................................ 19\n效果................................................................................ 34\n旋钮............................................................................ 8, 27\n旋钮功能 .................................................................... 7, 27\nY\nYamaha Steinberg USB Driver ...................................... 49\n演奏组编辑.....................................................................32\n演奏组播放.....................................................................22\n音轨................................................................................39\n音量................................................................................15\n音频录音 ........................................................................ 41\n音频通道 ........................................................................ 50\n音素................................................................................33\n音素编辑 ........................................................................ 33\n音素通用编辑 ................................................................. 33\n用户库............................................................................ 18\n预置库............................................................................ 18\n乐曲................................................................................39\nZ\n载波................................................................................33\n资料库............................................................................ 18\n主控键盘 ........................................................................ 43\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n66\nGNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\nVersion 2, June 1991\nCopyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\nEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\nPreamble\nThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to \nshare and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is \nintended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software—\nto make sure the software is free for all its users.  This General Public \nLicense applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s software and to \nany other program whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free \nSoftware Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General \nPublic License instead.)  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And \nyou must show them these terms so they know their rights.\nWe protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) \noffer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute \nand/or modify the software.\nAlso, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that \neveryone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If \nthe software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its \nrecipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any \nproblems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' \nreputations.\nFinally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  \nWe wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will \nindividually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program \nproprietary.  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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.\n1.\nYou may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source \ncode as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you \nconspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an \nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact \nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any \nwarranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this \nLicense along with the Program.\nYou may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and \nyou may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a \nfee.\n2.\nYou may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of \nit, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and \ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 \nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\na) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices \nstating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\nb) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in \nwhole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any \npart thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third \nparties under the terms of this License.\nc) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively \nwhen run, you must cause it, when started running for such \ninteractive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an \nannouncement including an appropriate copyright notice and a \nnotice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a \nwarranty) and that users may redistribute the program under \nthese conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this \nLicense.  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This is free software, and you are welcome to \nredistribute it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.\nThe hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the \nappropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the \ncommands you use may be called something other than ‘show w’ and \n‘show c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever suits \nyour program.\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your \nschool, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if \nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\nYoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program \n‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers) written by James \nHacker.\n<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989\nTy Coon, President of Vice\nThis General Public License does not permit incorporating your program \ninto proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you \nmay consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with \nthe library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General \nPublic License instead of this License.\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n68\nGNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\nVersion 2.1, February 1999\nCopyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\nEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  \nIt also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the version number 2.1.]\nPreamble\nThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to \nshare and change it.  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A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a \ncopy of the library already present on the user's computer system, \nrather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2) \nwill operate properly with a modified version of the library, if the \nuser installs one, as long as the modified version is interface-\ncompatible with the version that the work was made with.\nc) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least three \nyears, to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection \n6a, above, for a charge no more than the cost of performing this \ndistribution.\nd) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from \na designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above \nspecified materials from the same place.\ne) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials \nor that you have already sent this user a copy.\nFor an executable, the required form of the “work that uses the \nLibrary” must include any data and utility programs needed for \nreproducing the executable from it.  However, as a special exception, \nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is \nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major \ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on \nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself \naccompanies the executable.\nIt may happen that this requirement contradicts the license \nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally \naccompany the operating system.  Such a contradiction means you \ncannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that \nyou distribute.\n7.\nYou may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library \nside-by-side in a single library together with other library facilities not \ncovered by this License, and distribute such a combined library, \nprovided that the separate distribution of the work based on the \nLibrary and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted, and \nprovided that you do these two things:\na) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work \nbased on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities.  \nThis must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above.\nb) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that \npart of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to \nfind the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\n8.\nYou may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the \nLibrary except as expressly provided under this License.  Any \nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute \nthe Library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under \nthis License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights, \nfrom you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so \nlong as such parties remain in full compliance.\n9.\nYou are not required to accept this License, since you have not \nsigned it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or \ndistribute the Library or its derivative works.  These actions are \nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by \nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the \nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and \nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the \nLibrary or works based on it.\n10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the \nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the \noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library \nsubject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any \nfurther restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights granted \nherein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third \nparties with this License.\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n70\n11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent \ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), \nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or \notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not \nexcuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot \ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this \nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence \nyou may not distribute the Library at all.  For example, if a patent \nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all \nthose who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the \nonly way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain \nentirely from distribution of the Library.\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under \nany particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to \napply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other \ncircumstances.\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any \npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any \nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the \nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented \nby public license practices.  Many people have made generous \ncontributions to the wide range of software distributed through that \nsystem in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to \nthe author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software \nthrough any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to \nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\n12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in certain \ncountries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original \ncopyright holder who places the Library under this License may add \nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those \ncountries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries \nnot thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the \nlimitation as if written in the body of this License.\n13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new \nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.  \nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but \nmay differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Library \nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and \n“any later version”, you have the option of following the terms and \nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by \nthe Free Software Foundation.  If the Library does not specify a \nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published \nby the Free Software Foundation.\n14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs \nwhose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the \nauthor to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by \nthe Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; \nwe sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided \nby the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our \nfree software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software \ngenerally.\nNO WARRANTY\n15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE \nIS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED \nBY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN \nWRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES \nPROVIDE THE LIBRARY “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY \nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT \nLIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY \nAND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK \nAS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF TH LIBRARY IS WITH \nYOU.  SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME \nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR \nCORRECTION.\n16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR \nAGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY \nOTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE \nLIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR \nDAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR \nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR \nINABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED \nTO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR \nLOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF \nTHE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN \nIF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE \nPOSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.\nEND OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\nHow to Apply These Terms to Your New \nLibraries\nIf you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible \nuse to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone \ncan redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting redistribution \nunder these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary \nGeneral Public License).\nTo apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is safest \nto attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey \nthe exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the \n“copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\n<one line to give the library’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>\nCopyright © <year> <name of author>\nThis library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it \nunder the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as \npublished by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the \nLicense, or (at your option) any later version.\nThis library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but \nWITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of \nMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  \nSee the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public \nLicense along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software \nFoundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-\n1301  USA\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your \nschool, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the library, if necessary.  \nHere is a sample; alter the names:\nYoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library \n‘Frob’ (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random \nHacker.\n<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\nTy Coon, President of Vice\nThat’s all there is to it!\nlibpng\nThis copy of the libpng notices is provided for your convenience.  In case \nof any discrepancy between this copy and the notices in the file png.h \nthat is included in the libpng distribution, the latter shall prevail.\nCOPYRIGHT NOTICE, DISCLAIMER, and LICENSE:\nIf you modify libpng you may insert additional notices immediately \nfollowing this sentence.\nThis code is released under the libpng license.\nlibpng versions 1.0.7, July 1, 2000, through 1.6.18, July 23, 2015, are \nCopyright © 2000-2002, 2004, 2006-2015 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, and \nare distributed according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-\n1.0.6 with the following individuals added to the list of Contributing \nAuthors:\nSimon-Pierre Cadieux\nEric S. Raymond\nMans Rullgard\nCosmin Truta\nGilles Vollant\nJames Yu\nand with the following additions to the disclaimer:\nThere is no warranty against interference with your enjoyment of the \nlibrary or against infringement.  There is no warranty that our efforts or the \nlibrary will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs.  This library is \nprovided with all faults, and the entire risk of satisfactory quality, \nperformance, accuracy, and effort is with the user.\nlibpng versions 0.97, January 1998, through 1.0.6, March 20, 2000, are \nCopyright © 1998-2000 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, and are distributed \naccording to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-0.96, with the \nfollowing individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors:\nTom Lane\nGlenn Randers-Pehrson\nWillem van Schaik\nlibpng versions 0.89, June 1996, through 0.96, May 1997, are \nCopyright © 1996-1997 Andreas Dilger, and are distributed according to \nthe same disclaimer and license as libpng-0.88, with the following \nindividuals added to the list of Contributing Authors:\nJohn Bowler\nKevin Bracey\nMONTAGE 使用说明书\n71\nSam Bushell\nMagnus Holmgren\nGreg Roelofs\nTom Tanner\nlibpng versions 0.5, May 1995, through 0.88, January 1996, are\nCopyright © 1995-1996 Guy Eric Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.\nFor the purposes of this copyright and license, “Contributing Authors” is \ndefined as the following set of individuals:\nAndreas Dilger\nDave Martindale\nGuy Eric Schalnat\nPaul Schmidt\nTim Wegner\nThe PNG Reference Library is supplied “AS IS”.  The Contributing Authors \nand Group 42, Inc. disclaim all warranties, expressed or implied, \nincluding, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of \nfitness for any purpose.  The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. \nassume no liability for direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or \nconsequential damages, which may result from the use of the PNG \nReference Library, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.\nPermission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this \nsource code, or portions hereof, for any purpose, without fee, subject to \nthe following restrictions:\n1. The origin of this source code must not be misrepresented.\n2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be \nmisrepresented as being the original source.\n3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from any source \nor altered source distribution.\nThe Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. specifically permit, without \nfee, and encourage the use of this source code as a component to \nsupporting the PNG file format in commercial products.  If you use this \nsource code in a product, acknowledgment is not required but would be \nappreciated.\nA “png_get_copyright” function is available, for convenient use in “about” \nboxes and the like:\nprintf(\"%s\", png_get_copyright(NULL));\nAlso, the PNG logo (in PNG format, of course) is supplied in the files \n“pngbar.png” and “pngbar.jpg” (88x31) and “pngnow.png” (98x31).\nlibpng is OSI Certified Open Source Software.  OSI Certified Open Source \nis a certification mark of the Open Source Initiative. OSI has not \naddressed the additional disclaimers inserted at version 1.0.7.\nGlenn Randers-Pehrson\nglennrp at users.sourceforge.net\nJuly 23, 2015\nlibuuid\nCopyright: 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2007 Theodore Ts’o.\n1999 Andreas Dilger (adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca)\nRedistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without \nmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, \nand the entire permission notice in its entirety, including the disclaimer \nof warranties.\n2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright \nnotice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the \ndocumentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote \nproducts derived from this software without specific prior written \npermission.\nTHIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED \nWARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED \nWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A \nPARTICULAR PURPOSE, ALL OF WHICH ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.  IN \nNO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, \nINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL \nDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF \nSUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; \nOR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY \nTHEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR \nTORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY \nWAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NOT ADVISED OF \nTHE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n- Qt\n/****************************************************************************\n**\n** Copyright (C) 2013 Digia Plc and/or its subsidiary(-ies).\n** Contact: http://www.qt-project.org/legal\n**\n** This file is part of the examples of the Qt Toolkit.\n**\n** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$\n** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:\n**\n** \"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n** met:\n**   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n**   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in\n**     the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n**     distribution.\n**   * Neither the name of Digia Plc and its Subsidiary(-ies) nor the names\n**     of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products \nderived\n**     from this software without specific prior written permission.\n**\n**\n** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND \nCONTRIBUTORS\n** \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, \nBUT NOT\n** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND \nFITNESS FOR\n** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL \nTHE COPYRIGHT\n** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, \nINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES \n(INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR \nSERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER \nCAUSED AND ON ANY\n** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, \nOR TORT\n** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY \nOUT OF THE USE\n** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF \nSUCH DAMAGE.\"\n**\n** $QT_END_LICENSE$\n**\n****************************************************************************/\n关于源代码分发的注意事项\n最终出厂后三年内，您可以写信至以下地址从 Yamaha 申\n请本产品获得 GNU 通用公共许可证或 GNU 宽通用公共许\n可证的任意部分的源代码：\nYAMAHA 株式会社，乐器销售和市场本部， ProMusic\n部，合成市场课\n日本浜松市中区中沢町 10 番 1 号， 430-8650\n源代码为免费提供，但我司可能要求您支付 Yamaha 向您\n寄送源代码的费用。\n• 请注意，对于 Yamaha （或 Yamaha 授权方）以外的第\n三方对本产品的软件所做的更改 （增加 / 删减）引起的\n任何损坏，本公司概不负责。\n• 请注意，不保证重复使用由 Yamaha 对公有领域发布的\n源代码，且 Yamaha 对于源代码事项概不负责。\n• 可从以下地址下载源代码：\nhttp://download.yamaha.com/sourcecodes/synth/\n备忘录\n73\n备忘录\n74\nManual Development Department\n© 2016 Yamaha Corporation\n2016 � 5 ����  MWTO-B0\nPrinted in Japan\nZR61030\nZR61030\nYamaha Downloads\nhttp://download.yamaha.com/\n \n�����������������\n��������������������\n�������4000517700\n�����http://www.yamaha.com.cn\n����� ��������\n�����������������������\n����\n������������������\n��������������������������\n���������\n\n\n如何正确给MONTAGE合成器供电并启动系统?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "307fd9fd3747b671ff493c46328917e70f2a2193b8c56c81", "conversation_index": 6742, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 8523, "prompt": "# language: Python\n# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4\n\n\"\"\"\nDrivers for volumes.\n\n\"\"\"\n\nimport time\nimport os\nfrom xml.etree import ElementTree\n\nfrom nova import exception\nfrom nova import flags\nfrom nova import log as logging\nfrom nova import utils\nfrom nova.volume import volume_types\n\n\nLOG = logging.getLogger(\"nova.volume.driver\")\nFLAGS = flags.FLAGS\nflags.DEFINE_string('volume_group', 'nova-volumes',\n                    'Name for the VG that will contain exported volumes')\nflags.DEFINE_string('aoe_eth_dev', 'eth0',\n                    'Which device to export the volumes on')\nflags.DEFINE_string('num_shell_tries', 3,\n                    'number of times to attempt to run flakey shell commands')\nflags.DEFINE_string('num_iscsi_scan_tries', 3,\n                    'number of times to rescan iSCSI target to find volume')\nflags.DEFINE_integer('num_shelves',\n                    100,\n                    'Number of vblade shelves')\nflags.DEFINE_integer('blades_per_shelf',\n                    16,\n                    'Number of vblade blades per shelf')\nflags.DEFINE_integer('iscsi_num_targets',\n                    100,\n                    'Number of iscsi target ids per host')\nflags.DEFINE_string('iscsi_target_prefix', 'iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:',\n                    'prefix for iscsi volumes')\nflags.DEFINE_string('iscsi_ip_prefix', '$my_ip',\n                    'discover volumes on the ip that starts with this prefix')\nflags.DEFINE_string('rbd_pool', 'rbd',\n                    'the rbd pool in which volumes are stored')\n\n\nclass VolumeDriver(object):\n    \"\"\"Executes commands relating to Volumes.\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, execute=utils.execute,\n                 sync_exec=utils.execute, *args, **kwargs):\n        # NOTE(vish): db is set by Manager\n        self.db = None\n        self._execute = execute\n        self._sync_exec = sync_exec\n\n    def _try_execute(self, *command, **kwargs):\n        tries = 0\n        while True:\n            try:\n                self._execute(*command, **kwargs)\n                return True\n            except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n                tries = tries + 1\n                if tries >= FLAGS.num_shell_tries:\n                    raise\n                LOG.exception(_(\"Recovering from a failed execute.  \"\n                                \"Try number %s\"), tries)\n                time.sleep(tries ** 2)\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an error if prerequisites aren't met\"\"\"\n        out, err = self._execute('vgs', '--noheadings', '-o', 'name',\n                                run_as_root=True)\n        volume_groups = out.split()\n        if not FLAGS.volume_group in volume_groups:\n            raise exception.Error(_(\"volume group %s doesn't exist\")\n                                  % FLAGS.volume_group)\n\n    def _create_volume(self, volume_name, sizestr):\n        self._try_execute('lvcreate', '-L', sizestr, '-n',\n                          volume_name, FLAGS.volume_group, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def _copy_volume(self, srcstr, deststr, size_in_g):\n        self._execute('dd', 'if=%s' % srcstr, 'of=%s' % deststr,\n                      'count=%d' % (size_in_g * 1024), 'bs=1M',\n                      run_as_root=True)\n\n    def _volume_not_present(self, volume_name):\n        path_name = '%s/%s' % (FLAGS.volume_group, volume_name)\n        try:\n            self._try_execute('lvdisplay', path_name, run_as_root=True)\n        except Exception as e:\n            # If the volume isn't present\n            return True\n        return False\n\n    def _delete_volume(self, volume, size_in_g):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        # zero out old volumes to prevent data leaking between users\n        self._copy_volume('/dev/zero', self.local_path(volume), size_in_g)\n        self._try_execute('lvremove', '-f', \"%s/%s\" %\n                          (FLAGS.volume_group,\n                           self._escape_snapshot(volume['name'])),\n                          run_as_root=True)\n\n    def _sizestr(self, size_in_g):\n        if int(size_in_g) == 0:\n            return '100M'\n        return '%sG' % size_in_g\n\n    # Linux LVM reserves name that starts with snapshot, so that\n    def _escape_snapshot(self, snapshot_name):\n        if not snapshot_name.startswith('snapshot'):\n            return snapshot_name\n        return '_' + snapshot_name\n\n    def create_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates a logical volume. Can optionally return a Dictionary of\n        changes to the volume object to be persisted.\"\"\"\n        self._create_volume(volume['name'], self._sizestr(volume['size']))\n\n    def create_volume_from_snapshot(self, volume, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Creates a volume from a snapshot.\"\"\"\n        self._create_volume(volume['name'], self._sizestr(volume['size']))\n        self._copy_volume(self.local_path(snapshot), self.local_path(volume),\n                          snapshot['volume_size'])\n\n    def delete_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        if self._volume_not_present(volume['name']):\n            # If the volume isn't present, then don't attempt to delete\n            return True\n\n        out, err = self._execute('lvdisplay', '--noheading',\n                                 '-C', '-o', 'Attr',\n                                 '%s/%s' % (FLAGS.volume_group,\n                                            volume['name']),\n                                 run_as_root=True)\n        if out:\n            out = out.strip()\n            if (out[0] == 'o') or (out[0] == 'O'):\n                raise exception.VolumeIsBusy(volume_name=volume['name'])\n\n        self._delete_volume(volume, volume['size'])\n\n    def create_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Creates a snapshot.\"\"\"\n        orig_lv_name = \"%s/%s\" % (FLAGS.volume_group, snapshot['volume_name'])\n        self._try_execute('lvcreate', '-L',\n                          self._sizestr(snapshot['volume_size']),\n                          '--name', self._escape_snapshot(snapshot['name']),\n                          '--snapshot', orig_lv_name, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def delete_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a snapshot.\"\"\"\n        if self._volume_not_present(self._escape_snapshot(snapshot['name'])):\n            # If the snapshot isn't present, then don't attempt to delete\n            return True\n\n        self._delete_volume(snapshot, snapshot['volume_size'])\n\n    def local_path(self, volume):\n        escaped_group = FLAGS.volume_group.replace('-', '--')\n        escaped_name = self._escape_snapshot(volume['name']).replace('-', '--')\n        return \"/dev/mapper/%s-%s\" % (escaped_group, escaped_name)\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Synchronously recreates an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Exports the volume. Can optionally return a Dictionary of changes\n        to the volume object to be persisted.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def check_for_export(self, context, volume_id):\n        \"\"\"Make sure volume is exported.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def get_volume_stats(self, refresh=False):\n        \"\"\"Return the current state of the volume service. If'refresh' is\n           True, run the update first.\"\"\"\n        return None\n\n\nclass AOEDriver(VolumeDriver):\n    \"\"\"WARNING! Deprecated. This driver will be removed in Essex. Its use\n    is not recommended.\n\n    Implements AOE specific volume commands.\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        LOG.warn(_(\"AOEDriver is deprecated and will be removed in Essex\"))\n        super(AOEDriver, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        pass\n\n    def _ensure_blades(self, context):\n        \"\"\"Ensure that blades have been created in datastore.\"\"\"\n        total_blades = FLAGS.num_shelves * FLAGS.blades_per_shelf\n        if self.db.export_device_count(context) >= total_blades:\n            return\n        for shelf_id in xrange(FLAGS.num_shelves):\n            for blade_id in xrange(FLAGS.blades_per_shelf):\n                dev = {'shelf_id': shelf_id, 'blade_id': blade_id}\n                self.db.export_device_create_safe(context, dev)\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        self._ensure_blades(context)\n        (shelf_id,\n         blade_id) = self.db.volume_allocate_shelf_and_blade(context,\n                                                             volume['id'])\n        self._try_execute(\n                 'vblade-persist','setup',\n                 shelf_id,\n                 blade_id,\n                 FLAGS.aoe_eth_dev,\n                 \"/dev/%s/%s\" %\n                 (FLAGS.volume_group,\n                  volume['name']),\n                 run_as_root=True)\n        time.sleep(2)\n        self._execute('vblade-persist', 'auto', 'all',\n                      check_exit_code=False, run_as_root=True)\n        self._execute('vblade-persist','start', 'all',\n                      check_exit_code=False, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        (shelf_id,\n         blade_id) = self.db.volume_get_shelf_and_blade(context,\n                                                        volume['id'])\n        self._try_execute('vblade-persist','stop',\n                          shelf_id, blade_id, run_as_root=True)\n        self._try_execute('vblade-persist', 'destroy',\n                          shelf_id, blade_id, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, _volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        (shelf_id,\n         blade_id) = self.db.volume_get_shelf_and_blade(context,\n                                                        _volume['id'])\n        self._execute('aoe-discover', run_as_root=True)\n        out, err = self._execute('aoe-stat', check_exit_code=False,\n                                 run_as_root=True)\n        device_path = 'e%(shelf_id)d.%(blade_id)d' % locals()\n        if out.find(device_path) >= 0:\n            return \"/dev/etherd/%s\" % device_path\n        else:\n            return\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, _volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def check_for_export(self, context, volume_id):\n        \"\"\"Make sure volume is exported.\"\"\"\n        (shelf_id,\n         blade_id) = self.db.volume_get_shelf_and_blade(context,\n                                                        volume_id)\n        cmd = ('vblade-persist', 'ls', '--no-header')\n        out, _err = self._execute(*cmd, run_as_root=True)\n        exported = False\n        for line in out.split('\\n'):\n            param = line.split(' ')\n            if len(param) == 6 and param[0] == str(shelf_id) \\\n                    and param[1] == str(blade_id) and param[-1] == \"run\":\n                exported = True\n                break\n        if not exported:\n            desc = _(\"Cannot confirm exported volume id:%(volume_id)s. \"\n                     \"vblade process for e%(shelf_id)s.%(blade_id)s \"\n                     \"isn't running.\") % locals()\n            raise exception.ProcessExecutionError(out, _err, cmd=cmd,\n                                                  description=desc)\n\n\nclass FakeAOEDriver(AOEDriver):\n    \"\"\"Logs calls instead of executing.\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super(FakeAOEDriver, self).__init__(execute=self.fake_execute,\n                                            sync_exec=self.fake_execute,\n                                            *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"No setup necessary in fake mode.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def fake_execute(cmd, *_args, **_kwargs):\n        \"\"\"Execute that simply logs the command.\"\"\"\n        LOG.debug(_(\"FAKE AOE: %s\"), cmd)\n        return (None, None)\n\n\nclass ISCSIDriver(VolumeDriver):\n    \"\"\"Executes commands relating to ISCSI volumes.\n\n    We make use of model provider properties as follows:\n\n    :provider_location:    if present, contains the iSCSI target information\n                           in the same format as an ietadm discovery\n                           i.e. '<ip>:<port>,<portal> <target IQN>'\n\n    :provider_auth:    if present, contains a space-separated triple:\n                       '<auth method> <auth username> <auth password>'.\n                       `CHAP` is the only auth_method in use at the moment.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Synchronously recreates an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        try:\n            iscsi_target = self.db.volume_get_iscsi_target_num(context,\n                                                           volume['id'])\n        except exception.NotFound:\n            LOG.info(_(\"Skipping ensure_export. No iscsi_target \" +\n                       \"provisioned for volume: %d\"), volume['id'])\n            return\n\n        iscsi_name = \"%s%s\" % (FLAGS.iscsi_target_prefix, volume['name'])\n        volume_path = \"/dev/%s/%s\" % (FLAGS.volume_group, volume['name'])\n        self._sync_exec('ietadm', '--op', 'new',\n                        \"--tid=%s\" % iscsi_target,\n                        '--params',\n                        \"Name=%s\" % iscsi_name,\n                        run_as_root=True,\n                        check_exit_code=False)\n        self._sync_exec('ietadm', '--op', 'new',\n                        \"--tid=%s\" % iscsi_target,\n                        '--lun=0',\n                        '--params',\n                        \"Path=%s,Type=fileio\" % volume_path,\n                        run_as_root=True,\n                        check_exit_code=False)\n\n    def _ensure_iscsi_targets(self, context, host):\n        \"\"\"Ensure that target ids have been created in datastore.\"\"\"\n        host_iscsi_targets = self.db.iscsi_target_count_by_host(context, host)\n        if host_iscsi_targets >= FLAGS.iscsi_num_targets:\n            return\n        # NOTE(vish): Target ids start at 1, not 0.\n        for target_num in xrange(1, FLAGS.iscsi_num_targets + 1):\n            target = {'host': host, 'target_num': target_num}\n            self.db.iscsi_target_create_safe(context, target)\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        self._ensure_iscsi_targets(context, volume['host'])\n        iscsi_target = self.db.volume_allocate_iscsi_target(context,\n                                                      volume['id'],\n                                                      volume['host'])\n        iscsi_name = \"%s%s\" % (FLAGS.iscsi_target_prefix, volume['name'])\n        volume_path = \"/dev/%s/%s\" % (FLAGS.volume_group, volume['name'])\n        self._execute('ietadm', '--op', 'new',\n                      '--tid=%s' % iscsi_target,\n                      '--params', 'Name=%s' % iscsi_name, run_as_root=True)\n        self._execute('ietadm', '--op', 'new',\n                      '--tid=%s' % iscsi_target,\n                      '--lun=0', '--params',\n                      'Path=%s,Type=fileio' % volume_path, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        try:\n            iscsi_target = self.db.volume_get_iscsi_target_num(context,\n                                                           volume['id'])\n        except exception.NotFound:\n            LOG.info(_(\"Skipping remove_export. No iscsi_target \" +\n                       \"provisioned for volume: %d\"), volume['id'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            # ietadm show will exit with an error\n            # this export has already been removed\n            self._execute('ietadm', '--op','show',\n                          '--tid=%s' % iscsi_target, run_as_root=True)\n        except Exception as e:\n            LOG.info(_(\"Skipping remove_export. No iscsi_target \" +\n                       \"is presently exported for volume: %d\"), volume['id'])\n            return\n\n        self._execute('ietadm', '--op', 'delete',\n                      '--tid=%s' % iscsi_target,\n                      '--lun=0', run_as_root=True)\n        self._execute('ietadm', '--op', 'delete',\n                      '--tid=%s' % iscsi_target, run_as_root=True)\n\n    def _do_iscsi_discovery(self, volume):\n        LOG.warn(_(\"ISCSI provider_location not stored, using discovery\"))\n\n        volume_name = volume['name']\n\n        (out, _err) = self._execute('iscsiadm', '-m', 'discovery',\n                                    '-t','sendtargets', '-p', volume['host'],\n                                    run_as_root=True)\n        for target in out.splitlines():\n            if FLAGS.iscsi_ip_prefix in target and volume_name in target:\n                return target\n        return None\n\n    def _get_iscsi_properties(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Gets iscsi configuration\n\n        We ideally get saved information in the volume entity, but fall back\n        to discovery if need be. Discovery may be completely removed in future\n        The properties are:\n\n        :target_discovered:    boolean indicating whether discovery was used\n\n        :target_iqn:    the IQN of the iSCSI target\n\n        :target_portal:    the portal of the iSCSI target\n\n        :auth_method:, :auth_username:, :auth_password:\n\n            the authentication details. Right now, either auth_method is not\n            present meaning no authentication, or auth_method == `CHAP`\n            meaning use CHAP with the specified credentials.\n        \"\"\"\n\n        properties = {}\n\n        location = volume['provider_location']\n\n        if location:\n            properties['target_discovered'] = False\n        else:\n            location = self._do_iscsi_discovery(volume)\n\n            if not location:\n                raise exception.Error(_(\"Could not find iSCSI export \"\n                                        \" for volume %s\") %\n                                      (volume['name']))\n\n            LOG.debug(_(\"ISCSI Discovery: Found %s\") % (location))\n            properties['target_discovered'] = True\n\n        (iscsi_target, _sep, iscsi_name) = location.partition(\" \")\n\n        iscsi_portal = iscsi_target.split(\",\")[0]\n\n        properties['target_iqn'] = iscsi_name\n        properties['target_portal'] = iscsi_portal\n\n        auth = volume['provider_auth']\n\n        if auth:\n            (auth_method, auth_username, auth_secret) = auth.split()\n\n            properties['auth_method'] = auth_method\n            properties['auth_username'] = auth_username\n            properties['auth_password'] = auth_secret\n\n        return properties\n\n    def _run_iscsiadm(self, iscsi_properties, iscsi_command):\n        (out, err) = self._execute('iscsiadm', '-m', 'node', '-T',\n                                   iscsi_properties['target_iqn'],\n                                   '-p', iscsi_properties['target_portal'],\n                                   *iscsi_command, run_as_root=True)\n        LOG.debug(\"iscsiadm %s: stdout=%s stderr=%s\" %\n                  (iscsi_command, out, err))\n        return (out, err)\n\n    def _iscsiadm_update(self, iscsi_properties, property_key, property_value):\n        iscsi_command = ('--op', 'update', '-n', property_key,\n                         '-v', property_value)\n        return self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, iscsi_command)\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        iscsi_properties = self._get_iscsi_properties(volume)\n\n        if not iscsi_properties['target_discovered']:\n            self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, ('--op', 'new'))\n\n        if iscsi_properties.get('auth_method'):\n            self._iscsiadm_update(iscsi_properties,\n                                  \"node.session.auth.authmethod\",\n                                  iscsi_properties['auth_method'])\n            self._iscsiadm_update(iscsi_properties,\n                                  \"node.session.auth.username\",\n                                  iscsi_properties['auth_username'])\n            self._iscsiadm_update(iscsi_properties,\n                                  \"node.session.auth.password\",\n                                  iscsi_properties['auth_password'])\n\n        self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, (\"--login\", ))\n\n        self._iscsiadm_update(iscsi_properties, \"node.startup\", \"automatic\")\n\n        mount_device = (\"/dev/disk/by-path/ip-%s-iscsi-%s-lun-0\" %\n                        (iscsi_properties['target_portal'],\n                         iscsi_properties['target_iqn']))\n\n        # The /dev/disk/by-path/... node is not always present immediately\n        # TODO(justinsb): This retry-with-delay is a pattern, move to utils?\n        tries = 0\n        while not os.path.exists(mount_device):\n            if tries >= FLAGS.num_iscsi_scan_tries:\n                raise exception.Error(_(\"iSCSI device not found at %s\") %\n                                      (mount_device))\n\n            LOG.warn(_(\"ISCSI volume not yet found at: %(mount_device)s. \"\n                       \"Will rescan & retry.  Try number: %(tries)s\") %\n                     locals())\n\n            self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, (\"--rescan\", ))\n\n            tries = tries + 1\n            if not os.path.exists(mount_device):\n                time.sleep(tries ** 2)\n\n        if tries!= 0:\n            LOG.debug(_(\"Found iSCSI node %(mount_device)s \"\n                        \"(after %(tries)s rescans)\") %\n                      locals())\n\n        return mount_device\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        iscsi_properties = self._get_iscsi_properties(volume)\n        self._iscsiadm_update(iscsi_properties, \"node.startup\", \"manual\")\n        self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, (\"--logout\", ))\n        self._run_iscsiadm(iscsi_properties, ('--op', 'delete'))\n\n    def check_for_export(self, context, volume_id):\n        \"\"\"Make sure volume is exported.\"\"\"\n\n        tid = self.db.volume_get_iscsi_target_num(context, volume_id)\n        try:\n            self._execute('ietadm', '--op','show',\n                          '--tid=%(tid)d' % locals(), run_as_root=True)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError, e:\n            logging.error(_(\"Cannot confirm exported volume \"\n                            \"id:%(volume_id)s.\") % locals())\n            raise\n\n\nclass FakeISCSIDriver(ISCSIDriver):\n    \"\"\"Logs calls instead of executing.\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super(FakeISCSIDriver, self).__init__(execute=self.fake_execute,\n                                              sync_exec=self.fake_execute,\n                                              *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"No setup necessary in fake mode.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        return \"/dev/disk/by-path/volume-id-%d\" % volume['id']\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def fake_execute(cmd, *_args, **_kwargs):\n        \"\"\"Execute that simply logs the command.\"\"\"\n        LOG.debug(_(\"FAKE ISCSI: %s\"), cmd)\n        return (None, None)\n\n\nclass RBDDriver(VolumeDriver):\n    \"\"\"Implements RADOS block device (RBD) volume commands\"\"\"\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an error if prerequisites aren't met\"\"\"\n        (stdout, stderr) = self._execute('rados', 'lspools')\n        pools = stdout.split(\"\\n\")\n        if not FLAGS.rbd_pool in pools:\n            raise exception.Error(_(\"rbd has no pool %s\") %\n                                  FLAGS.rbd_pool)\n\n    def create_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        if int(volume['size']) == 0:\n            size = 100\n        else:\n            size = int(volume['size']) * 1024\n        self._try_execute('rbd', '--pool', FLAGS.rbd_pool,\n                          '--size', size, 'create', volume['name'])\n\n    def delete_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('rbd', '--pool', FLAGS.rbd_pool,\n                          'rm', volume['name'])\n\n    def create_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Creates an rbd snapshot\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('rbd', '--pool', FLAGS.rbd_pool,\n                         'snap', 'create', '--snap', snapshot['name'],\n                          snapshot['volume_name'])\n\n    def delete_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Deletes an rbd snapshot\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('rbd', '--pool', FLAGS.rbd_pool,\n                         'snap', 'rm', '--snap', snapshot['name'],\n                          snapshot['volume_name'])\n\n    def local_path(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Returns the path of the rbd volume.\"\"\"\n        # This is the same as the remote path\n        return \"rbd:%s/%s\" % (FLAGS.rbd_pool, volume['name'])\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Synchronously recreates an export for a logical volume.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Exports the volume\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes an export for a logical volume\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host\"\"\"\n        return \"rbd:%s/%s\" % (FLAGS.rbd_pool, volume['name'])\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n\nclass SheepdogDriver(VolumeDriver):\n    \"\"\"Executes commands relating to Sheepdog Volumes\"\"\"\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"Returns an error if prerequisites aren't met\"\"\"\n        try:\n            (out, err) = self._execute('collie', 'cluster', 'info')\n            if not out.startswith('running'):\n                raise exception.Error(_(\"Sheepdog is not working: %s\") % out)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            raise exception.Error(_(\"Sheepdog is not working\"))\n\n    def create_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates a sheepdog volume\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('qemu-img', 'create',\n                          \"sheepdog:%s\" % volume['name'],\n                          self._sizestr(volume['size']))\n\n    def create_volume_from_snapshot(self, volume, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Creates a sheepdog volume from a snapshot.\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('qemu-img', 'create', '-b',\n                          \"sheepdog:%s:%s\" % (snapshot['volume_name'],\n                                              snapshot['name']),\n                          \"sheepdog:%s\" % volume['name'])\n\n    def delete_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a logical volume\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('collie', 'vdi', 'delete', volume['name'])\n\n    def create_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Creates a sheepdog snapshot\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('qemu-img','snapshot', '-c', snapshot['name'],\n                          \"sheepdog:%s\" % snapshot['volume_name'])\n\n    def delete_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Deletes a sheepdog snapshot\"\"\"\n        self._try_execute('collie', 'vdi', 'delete', snapshot['volume_name'],\n                          '-s', snapshot['name'])\n\n    def local_path(self, volume):\n        return \"sheepdog:%s\" % volume['name']\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Safely and synchronously recreates an export for a logical volume\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Exports the volume\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes an export for a logical volume\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Discover volume on a remote host\"\"\"\n        return \"sheepdog:%s\" % volume['name']\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Undiscover volume on a remote host\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n\nclass LoggingVolumeDriver(VolumeDriver):\n    \"\"\"Logs and records calls, for unit tests.\"\"\"\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        pass\n\n    def create_volume(self, volume):\n        self.log_action('create_volume', volume)\n\n    def delete_volume(self, volume):\n        self.log_action('delete_volume', volume)\n\n    def local_path(self, volume):\n        print \"local_path not implemented\"\n        raise NotImplementedError()\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        self.log_action('ensure_export', volume)\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        self.log_action('create_export', volume)\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        self.log_action('remove_export', volume)\n\n    def discover_volume(self, context, volume):\n        self.log_action('discover_volume', volume)\n\n    def undiscover_volume(self, volume):\n        self.log_action('undiscover_volume', volume)\n\n    def check_for_export(self, context, volume_id):\n        self.log_action('check_for_export', volume_id)\n\n    _LOGS = []\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def clear_logs():\n        LoggingVolumeDriver._LOGS = []\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def log_action(action, parameters):\n        \"\"\"Logs the command.\"\"\"\n        LOG.debug(_(\"LoggingVolumeDriver: %s\") % (action))\n        log_dictionary = {}\n        if parameters:\n            log_dictionary = dict(parameters)\n        log_dictionary['action'] = action\n        LOG.debug(_(\"LoggingVolumeDriver: %s\") % (log_dictionary))\n        LoggingVolumeDriver._LOGS.append(log_dictionary)\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def all_logs():\n        return LoggingVolumeDriver._LOGS\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def logs_like(action, **kwargs):\n        matches = []\n        for entry in LoggingVolumeDriver._LOGS:\n            if entry['action']!= action:\n                continue\n            match = True\n            for k, v in kwargs.iteritems():\n                if entry.get(k)!= v:\n                    match = False\n                    break\n            if match:\n                matches.append(entry)\n        return matches\n\n\nclass ZadaraBEDriver(ISCSIDriver):\n    \"\"\"Performs actions to configure Zadara BE module.\"\"\"\n\n    def _is_vsa_volume(self, volume):\n        return volume_types.is_vsa_volume(volume['volume_type_id'])\n\n    def _is_vsa_drive(self, volume):\n        return volume_types.is_vsa_drive(volume['volume_type_id'])\n\n    def _not_vsa_volume_or_drive(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Returns True if volume is not VSA BE volume.\"\"\"\n        if not volume_types.is_vsa_object(volume['volume_type_id']):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tVolume %s is NOT VSA volume\"), volume['name'])\n            return True\n        else:\n            return False\n\n    def check_for_setup_error(self):\n        \"\"\"No setup necessary for Zadara BE.\"\"\"\n        pass\n\n    \"\"\" Volume Driver methods \"\"\"\n    def create_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Creates BE volume.\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).create_volume(volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s creation - do nothing\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        if int(volume['size']) == 0:\n        else:\n            sizestr = '%s' % (int(volume['size']) << 30)    # size in bytes\n\n        # Set the qos-str to default type sas\n        qosstr = 'SAS_1000'\n        volume_type = volume_types.get_volume_type(None,\n                                            volume['volume_type_id'])\n        if volume_type is not None:\n            qosstr = volume_type['extra_specs']['drive_type'] + \\\n                     (\"_%s\" % volume_type['extra_specs']['drive_size'])\n\n        vsa_id = None\n        for i in volume.get('volume_metadata'):\n            if i['key'] == 'to_vsa_id':\n                vsa_id = i['value']\n                break\n\n        try:\n            self._sync_exec('/var/lib/zadara/bin/zadara_sncfg',\n                            'create_qospart',\n                            '--qos', qosstr,\n                            '--pname', volume['name'],\n                            '--psize', sizestr,\n                            '--vsaid', vsa_id,\n                            run_as_root=True,\n                            check_exit_code=0)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            LOG.debug(_(\"VSA BE create_volume for %s failed\"), volume['name'])\n            raise\n\n        LOG.debug(_(\"VSA BE create_volume for %s succeeded\"), volume['name'])\n\n    def delete_volume(self, volume):\n        \"\"\"Deletes BE volume.\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).delete_volume(volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s deletion - do nothing\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            self._sync_exec('/var/lib/zadara/bin/zadara_sncfg',\n                            'delete_partition',\n                            '--pname', volume['name'],\n                            run_as_root=True,\n                            check_exit_code=0)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            LOG.debug(_(\"VSA BE delete_volume for %s failed\"), volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        LOG.debug(_(\"VSA BE delete_volume for %s suceeded\"), volume['name'])\n\n    def local_path(self, volume):\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).local_path(volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s local path call - call discover\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).discover_volume(None, volume)\n\n        raise exception.Error(_(\"local_path not supported\"))\n\n    def ensure_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"ensure BE export for a volume\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).ensure_export(context, volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s ensure export - do nothing\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            iscsi_target = self.db.volume_get_iscsi_target_num(context,\n                                                           volume['id'])\n        except exception.NotFound:\n            LOG.info(_(\"Skipping ensure_export. No iscsi_target \" +\n                       \"provisioned for volume: %d\"), volume['id'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            ret = self._common_be_export(context, volume, iscsi_target)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            return\n        return ret\n\n    def create_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"create BE export for a volume\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).create_export(context, volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s create export - do nothing\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        self._ensure_iscsi_targets(context, volume['host'])\n        iscsi_target = self.db.volume_allocate_iscsi_target(context,\n                                                          volume['id'],\n                                                          volume['host'])\n        try:\n            ret = self._common_be_export(context, volume, iscsi_target)\n        except:\n            raise exception.ProcessExecutionError\n        return ret\n\n    def remove_export(self, context, volume):\n        \"\"\"Removes BE export for a volume.\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).remove_export(context, volume)\n\n        if self._is_vsa_volume(volume):\n            LOG.debug(_(\"\\tFE VSA Volume %s remove export - do nothing\"),\n                        volume['name'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            iscsi_target = self.db.volume_get_iscsi_target_num(context,\n                                                           volume['id'])\n        except exception.NotFound:\n            LOG.info(_(\"Skipping remove_export. No iscsi_target \" +\n                       \"provisioned for volume: %d\"), volume['id'])\n            return\n\n        try:\n            self._sync_exec('/var/lib/zadara/bin/zadara_sncfg',\n                       'remove_export',\n                        '--pname', volume['name'],\n                        '--tid', iscsi_target,\n                        run_as_root=True,\n                        check_exit_code=0)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            LOG.debug(_(\"VSA BE remove_export for %s failed\"), volume['name'])\n            return\n\n    def create_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Nothing required for snapshot\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).create_snapshot(volume)\n\n        pass\n\n    def delete_snapshot(self, snapshot):\n        \"\"\"Nothing required to delete a snapshot\"\"\"\n        if self._not_vsa_volume_or_drive(volume):\n            return super(ZadaraBEDriver, self).delete_snapshot(volume)\n\n        pass\n\n    \"\"\" Internal BE Volume methods \"\"\"\n    def _common_be_export(self, context, volume, iscsi_target):\n        \"\"\"\n        Common logic that asks zadara_sncfg to setup iSCSI target/lun for\n        this volume\n        \"\"\"\n        (out, err) = self._sync_exec(\n                                '/var/lib/zadara/bin/zadara_sncfg',\n                                'create_export',\n                                '--pname', volume['name'],\n                                '--tid', iscsi_target,\n                                run_as_root=True,\n                                check_exit_code=0)\n\n        result_xml = ElementTree.fromstring(out)\n        response_node = result_xml.find(\"Sn\")\n        if response_node is None:\n            msg = \"Malformed response from zadara_sncfg\"\n            raise exception.Error(msg)\n\n        sn_ip = response_node.findtext(\"SnIp\")\n        sn_iqn = response_node.findtext(\"IqnName\")\n        iscsi_portal = sn_ip + \":3260,\" + (\"%s\" % iscsi_target)\n\n        model_update = {}\n        model_update['provider_location'] = (\"%s %s\" %\n                                             (iscsi_portal,\n                                              sn_iqn))\n        return model_update\n\n    def _get_qosgroup_summary(self):\n        \"\"\"gets the list of qosgroups from Zadara BE\"\"\"\n        try:\n            (out, err) = self._sync_exec(\n                                        '/var/lib/zadara/bin/zadara_sncfg',\n                                        'get_qosgroups_xml',\n                                        run_as_root=True,\n                                        check_exit_code=0)\n        except exception.ProcessExecutionError:\n            LOG.debug(_(\"Failed to retrieve QoS info\"))\n            return {}\n\n        qos_groups = {}\n        result_xml = ElementTree.fromstring(out)\n        for element in result_xml.findall('QosGroup'):\n            qos_group = {}\n            # get the name of the group.\n            group_name = element.findtext(\"Name\")\n            if not group_name:\n                continue\n\n            for child in element.getchildren():\n                # two types of elements -  property of qos-group & sub property\n                if child.text:\n                    qos_group[child.tag] = int(child.text) \\\n                        if child.text.isdigit() else child.text\n                else:\n                    subelement = {}\n                    for subchild in child.getchildren():\n                        subelement[subchild.tag] = int(subchild.text) \\\n                            if subchild.text.isdigit() else subchild.text\n                    qos_group[child.tag] = subelement\n\n            # Now add this group to the master qos_groups\n            qos_groups[group_name] = qos_group\n\n        return qos_groups\n\n    def get_volume_stats(self, refresh=False):\n        \"\"\"Return the current state of the volume service. If'refresh' is\n           True, run the update first.\"\"\"\n\n        drive_info = self._get_qosgroup_summary()\n        return {'drive_qos_info': drive_info}\n\nUnder what conditions does the create_volume method in the ZadaraBEDriver class call the super class's create_volume method?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "43f2dbf08bd7439b9938474c025d5375", "conversation_index": 775826, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1166, "prompt": "Hi, I'm going through assumption testing and exploratory data analysis for the famous \"Airpassengers\" data in R.  I ran autocorrelations of series and partial autocorrelations.  I'm going to give you the output, but I can't give you the graph (although I did give you access to wolfram alpha if you need it). Can you tell me how to interpret the output in terms of what I need to know to create an ARIMA model and can you help me read the corresponding graphs (I have the graphs in front of me, you can just \"imagine\" the graphs using the values I give you):  Autocorrelations of series ‘AP’, by lag\n\n0.0000 0.0833 0.1667 0.2500 0.3333 0.4167 0.5000 0.5833 0.6667 0.7500 0.8333 0.9167 1.0000 1.0833 \n 1.000  0.948  0.876  0.807  0.753  0.714  0.682  0.663  0.656  0.671  0.703  0.743  0.760  0.713 \n1.1667 1.2500 1.3333 1.4167 1.5000Hi, I'm going through assumption testing and exploratory data analysis for the famous \"Airpassengers\" data in R.  I ran autocorrelations of series and partial autocorrelations.  I'm going to give you the output, but I can't give you the graph (although I did give you access to wolfram alpha if you need it). Can you tell me how to interpret the output in terms of what I need to know to create an ARIMA model and can you help me read the corresponding graphs (I have the graphs in front of me, you can just \"imagine\" the graphs using the values I give you):  Autocorrelations of series ‘AP’, by lag\n\n0.0000 0.0833 0.1667 0.2500 0.3333 0.4167 0.5000 0.5833 0.6667 0.7500 0.8333 0.9167 1.0000 1.0833 \n 1.000  0.948  0.876  0.807  0.753  0.714  0.682  0.663  0.656  0.671  0.703  0.743  0.760  0.713 \n1.1667 1.2500 1.3333 1.4167 1.5000 1.5833 1.6667 1.7500 \n 0.646  0.586  0.538  0.500  0.469  0.450  0.442  0.457 \n> print(pacf(AP))\n\nPartial autocorrelations of series ‘AP’, by lag\n\n0.0833 0.1667 0.2500 0.3333 0.4167 0.5000 0.5833 0.6667 0.7500 0.8333 0.9167 1.0000 1.0833 1.1667 \n 0.948 -0.229  0.038  0.094  0.074  0.008  0.126  0.090  0.232  0.166  0.171 -0.135 -0.540 -0.027 \n1.2500 1.3333 1.4167 1.5000 1.5833 1.6667 1.7500 \n 0.091  0.025  0.033  0.073  0.048 -0.046  0.046  1.5833 1.6667 1.7500 \n 0.646  0.586  0.538  0.500  0.469  0.450  0.442  0.457 \n> print(pacf(AP))\n\nPartial autocorrelations of series ‘AP’, by lag\n\n0.0833 0.1667 0.2500 0.3333 0.4167 0.5000 0.5833 0.6667 0.7500 0.8333 0.9167 1.0000 1.0833 1.1667 \n 0.948 -0.229  0.038  0.094  0.074  0.008  0.126  0.090  0.232  0.166  0.171 -0.135 -0.540 -0.027 \n1.2500 1.3333 1.4167 1.5000 1.5833 1.6667 1.7500 \n 0.091  0.025  0.033  0.073  0.048 -0.046  0.046 "}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "13144ac9c71d12d878b4f38e214d21c0aaea9e41d214aa60", "conversation_index": 4780, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5721, "prompt": "Q: Is there a way to integrate a see more function into Python web scraper?\n\nI am building a custom web scraper for a Russian news site, RIA.ru. After a search, the site displays the first 20 relevant articles. To see additional articles, you have to click the blue button at the bottom that says \"see more.\" \nHere is an example searching for McDonalds: https://ria.ru/search/?query=mcdonalds. There are 293 hits, but only the first 20 display. \nMy web scraper currently only evaluates the first 20 hits. I would like it to evaluate all the hits. \nI identified the html attribute for and relative link for the \"see more\" button: /services/search/getmore/?query=mcdonalds&offset=20\nI figured I could program the scraper to find that link and paste it onto the absolute link. I could then pull HTML from that page and repeat the process until no more \"see more\" links turn up. Then I would scrape the page for the content links. \nI tried to paste it together with the absolute link, but it does not work. I also tried to paste it together with multiple variations of the absolute link. That also failed. \nDoes anyone have other suggestions? I really want the scraper to scrape all relevant articles. \nfrom urllib.request import urlopen\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup \n\nquery = \"mcdonalds\"\nsearchURL = \"https://ria.ru/search/?query=\"\n\n# Create starting link\n\nsearchURL = searchURL + query\n\n# Create list for the \"see more\" links or scroll links\n\nscrollLinks = []\n\n# Pull the HTML from the starting link and clean it\n\nhtml = urlopen(searchURL)\nbsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)\n\n# Find the \"see more links\" (there will only be one)\n# Append the relative link to the list\n\nfor link in bsObj.findAll(\"div\", {\"class\":\"list-more\"}):\n    if 'data-url' in link.attrs:\n        scrollLinks.append(link.attrs['data-url'])\n\n# Paste relative link onto master link\n\nsearchURL = searchURL + scrollLinks[0]        \n\n# Print it\n\nprint(searchURL)\n\nThe print returns this: \nhttps://ria.ru/search/?query=mcdonalds/services/search/getmore/?query=mcdonalds&offset=20\nThe link does not take you to the same page but with 20 additional articles present. Instead, it just takes you to a new search page with nothing returned. \nThanks for any and all suggestions!\n\nA: You were close.However the url a bit different.Try the below code it will give you all 293 links.\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nimport requests\n\npage = \"https://ria.ru/services/search/getmore/?query=mcdonalds&offset={}\"\npage_num = 0\nsession = requests.Session()\ntotalurls=[]\nwhile True:\n    pageTree = session.get(page.format(page_num))\n    pageSoup = BeautifulSoup(pageTree.content, 'html.parser')\n    items = pageSoup.find_all(class_='list-item__title color-font-hover-only')\n    for item in items:\n        title = 'https://ria.ru' + item['href']\n        totalurls.append(title)\n\n    if page_num<280:\n      page_num += 20\n      page = \"https://ria.ru/services/search/getmore/?query=mcdonalds&offset={}\".format(page_num)\n\n    else:\n     break\nprint(totalurls)\nprint(len(totalurls))\n\nOutput:\n['https://ria.ru/20190826/1557929866.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190813/1557454474.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190731/1557057024.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190725/1556861008.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190709/1556333622.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190705/1556244317.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190530/1555087647.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190524/1554867334.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190325/1552073318.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190226/1551353147.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190116/1549459263.html', 'https://ria.ru/20190116/1549412375.html', 'https://ria.ru/20181115/1532878009.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180927/1529462687.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180807/1526108337.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180715/1524622093.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180713/1524496100.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180615/1522774167.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180413/1518548132.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180309/1516048056.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180308/1516015678.html', 'https://ria.ru/20180216/1514738698.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171229/1511932214.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171204/1510139734.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171128/1509722443.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171124/1509514846.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171124/1509511458.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171124/1509502710.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171009/1506485704.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171008/1506419524.html', 'https://ria.ru/20171004/1506192303.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170726/1499223416.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170713/1498442822.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170629/1497541393.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170525/1495080187.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170421/1492771586.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170213/1487839022.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170131/1486896948.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170127/1486587582.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170124/1486393620.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170123/1486313060.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170116/1485785336.html', 'https://ria.ru/20170102/1485094363.html', 'https://ria.ru/20161205/1482860000.html', 'https://ria.ru/20161021/1479772967.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160919/1477278410.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160907/1476293662.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160906/1476210212.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160903/1476019972.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160827/1475429667.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160826/1475373426.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160726/1472918364.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160726/1472850539.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160722/1472659487.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160718/1470131278.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160629/1454264650.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160609/1444947015.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160607/1444079065.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160526/1439820521.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160506/1427762622.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160429/1423568431.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160426/1420428569.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160419/1415294726.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160419/1415286466.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160406/1403422141.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160405/1402992346.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160325/1396814834.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160217/1376254437.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160217/1376022088.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160128/1366422549.html', 'https://ria.rumcdonalds_test_21082014', 'https://ria.ru/20160122/1363167924.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160121/1362966735.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160118/1361194870.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160108/1356326189.html', 'https://ria.ru/20160105/1354929056.html', 'https://ria.ru/20151203/1335032519.html', 'https://ria.ru/20151119/1324198351.html', 'https://ria.ru/20151118/1323339489.html', 'https://ria.ru/20151110/1317603894.html', 'https://ria.ru/20151005/1297244505.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150923/1276669479.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150918/1260508315.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150915/1252513717.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150721/1139167761.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150609/1069120663.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150609/1069116460.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150609/1069116207.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150609/1069105531.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150523/1066108020.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150519/1065403513.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150508/1063447756.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150507/1063061937.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150425/1060823959.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150422/1060317282.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150416/1058953034.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150416/1058899766.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150410/1057759741.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150330/1055545046.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150330/1055537612.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150301/1050235346.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150211/404309142.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150129/1044824124.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150129/1044807897.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150128/1044621620.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150119/1043228041.html', 'https://ria.ru/20150115/1042630640.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141231/1041076251.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141218/1038913083.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141210/1037474159.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141209/1037317375.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141204/1036663305.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141204/1036589146.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141203/1036334610.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141201/1035919557.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141126/1035272511.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141120/1034253363.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141119/1034088224.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141119/1034083777.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141119/1034069303.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141110/1032538539.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141107/1032198324.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141105/1031822422.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141105/1031725080.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141021/1029382826.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141020/1029158069.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141013/1028104346.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141010/1027790390.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141010/1027779076.html', 'https://ria.ru/20141006/1027122272.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140927/1025881148.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140925/1025526489.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140924/1025437794.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140923/1025208023.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140919/1024761536.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140919/1024741767.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140916/1024249036.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140915/1024213351.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140915/1024153439.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140911/1023592125.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140910/1023498530.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140910/1023462119.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140909/1023438029.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140909/1023424789.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140909/1023419565.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140908/1023183339.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140905/1022823133.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140901/1022243244.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140827/1021607843.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140826/1021505034.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140826/1021455513.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140826/1021436007.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140825/1021369393.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140822/1021058416.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140822/1020987865.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140822/1020964610.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020887853.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020878656.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020876692.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020867008.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020863940.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020854238.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140821/1020846535.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140820/1020755523.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140814/1019963562.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140812/1019790161.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140808/1019359919.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140801/1018415663.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140728/1017895546.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140725/1017566553.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140725/1017487989.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140714/1015943776.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140521/1008709753.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140415/1003950998.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140411/1003540945.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140406/1002692823.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140404/1002591126.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140404/1002541310.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140404/1002479509.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140404/1002459449.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140403/1002438427.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140326/1001101674.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140318/999986852.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140228/997472636.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140218/995631669.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140213/994620069.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140212/994497954.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140208/993809357.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140207/993554934.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140123/990874996.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140120/990259320.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140109/988352775.html', 'https://ria.ru/20140107/988130239.html', 'https://ria.ru/20131216/984292484.html', 'https://ria.ru/20131213/983793399.html', 'https://ria.ru/20131206/982179184.html', 'https://ria.ru/20131022/971667590.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130930/966660132.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130918/963880857.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130910/962145221.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130816/956692403.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130807/954885316.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130729/952722733.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130727/952523372.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130724/951688973.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130723/951449293.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130722/951366845.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130719/950882788.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130717/950194937.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130712/949340545.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130708/948230143.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130704/947666328.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130703/947379118.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130703/947376811.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130613/943070180.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130602/227584536.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130524/939163443.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130522/938731579.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130419/933444177.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130226/924621668.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130222/924128283.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130221/924100340.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130221/924035653.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130218/923493755.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130218/923426433.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130218/399685402.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130214/922885267.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130206/921532007.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130122/919205807.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130121/918967161.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130114/917996449.html', 'https://ria.ru/20130105/498724656.html', 'https://ria.ru/20121227/916455094.html', 'https://ria.ru/20121120/911409408.html', 'https://ria.ru/20121031/908117878.html', 'https://ria.ru/20121023/905943636.html', 'https://ria.ru/20121003/765431403.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120914/750008368.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120802/714683043.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120727/710669962.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120727/710657921.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120724/707896252.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120719/703688980.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120711/696825952.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120530/498079182.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120514/497841033.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120501/639036285.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120418/628780017.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120411/622855803.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120411/622776966.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120410/622272612.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120322/602471965.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120322/602405399.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120302/225896118.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120124/547776570.html', 'https://ria.ru/20120124/547765730.html', 'https://ria.ru/20111108/483773728.html', 'https://ria.ru/20111019/463924464.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110825/423396692.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110727/407772160.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110510/372497368.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110310/344324110.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110308/343661709.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110302/341160103.html', 'https://ria.ru/20110201/329110632.html', 'https://ria.ru/20101228/314598889.html', 'https://ria.ru/20101128/301971744.html', 'https://ria.ru/20101123/299927644.html', 'https://ria.ru/20101104/292612796.html', 'https://ria.ru/20100615/246572422.html', 'https://ria.ru/20100522/237367766.html', 'https://ria.ru/20100415/222547983.html', 'https://ria.ru/20100131/830773457.html', 'https://ria.ru/20100122/205753955.html', 'https://ria.ru/20091109/192674241.html', 'https://ria.ru/20090507/170216295.html', 'https://ria.ru/20081227/158180838.html', 'https://ria.ru/20081209/156836138.html', 'https://ria.ru/20080504/106527628.html', 'https://ria.ru/20080309/101011380.html', 'https://ria.ru/20080309/101006325.html', 'https://ria.ru/20080223/99935006.html', 'https://ria.ru/20070411/63481432.html', 'https://ria.ru/20061219/57246357.html', 'https://ria.ru/20060503/47140916.html', 'https://ria.ru/20060424/46858404.html', 'https://ria.ru/20060421/46774284.html', 'https://ria.ru/20050909/41344205.html', 'https://ria.ru/20040519/593079.html', 'https://ria.ru/20040519/593054.html', 'https://ria.ru/20040519/592754.html', 'https://ria.ru/20020918/227555.html', 'https://ria.ru/20020918/227261.html']\n293\n\nA: I figured it out. I will post the solution for anyone who is curious. \nI studied the site behavior and found that adding &offset=20 to the base URL (https://ria.ru/search/?query=mcdonalds) to make https://ria.ru/search/?query=mcdonalds&offset=20 would display results 21 through 40. \nhttps://ria.ru/search/?query=mcdonalds&offset=40 displays results 41-60 and so on. \nNow I had a pattern. \nFirst, I needed to determine how many total results a search returned and save it as an integer. \ntotalHits = (bsObj.find(\"div\", {\"class\":\"rubric-count m-active\"}).get_text())\ntotalHits = int(re.sub(\"[^0-9]\", \"\", totalHits))     \nprint(\"There are \" + str(totalHits) + \" hits for that key word combination.\") \n\nThen, based on this number, I needed to find the number of cycles to go through. I divided the number of total hits by twenty and rounded up to get this.\ncycles = math.ceil(totalHits/20) \nprint(\"This will take \" + str(cycles) + \" cycles.\")\n\nFinally, I used a while statement to cycle through the search links and collect article URLs.\nwhile cycles > 0:\n\n    # Collect page links from that cycle\n\n    for link in bsObj.findAll(\"span\"):\n        if 'data-url' in link.attrs:\n            links.append(link.attrs['data-url'])\n\n    # Update search link and collect HTML for it\n\n    searchURL = searchURL + \"&offset=\" + str(counter)\n    html = urlopen(searchURL)\n    bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)\n\n    counter = counter + 20\n    cycles = cycles - 1\n\nprint(links)\nprint(len(links))\n\nThis returned a list of 293 links! \n\nWhat line of code was used to update the search URL each cycle to get the next set of 20 search results?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1e5fa556c74b4319bd85368dabc6b885", "conversation_index": 594591, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1025, "prompt": "Given an HTML table containing invoice OCR data reconstruction as input, I would like to extract facts about the items and their relationships. Utilize Named Entity Recognition (NER) techniques to identify and pair values with their corresponding entities. Additionally, I'm interested in understanding the format, meaning, and relationships of each item in the invoice. Don't write code answer from data. Data:  <html><body><table><thead><tr><td></td><td></td><td>2100350</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><table><thead><tr><td>A http://www.axigon.cz</td><td>AXIGON</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Dodavatel:</td><td>Číslo: 3211182927</td></tr><tr><td>AXIGON a.s. Výtvarná 1023/4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>161 00 Praha 6 Zapsána v OR Městského soudu v Praze oddíl B,vložka 3746</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IČ: 64949320</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DIČ: CZ64949320 F-mail: faktury@axigon.cz</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ená linka: 800900 501 dběratel:</td><td>Pokyny k platbě:</td></tr><tr><td>Caravan Express s.r.o.</td><td>Datum vystavení: 16.11.2021</td></tr><tr><td>V Bažantnici 2636</td><td>DUZP:</td></tr><tr><td>272 01Kladno - Kročehlavy</td><td>15.11.2021</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datum splatnosti: 23.11.2021</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Forma úhrady: Platební příkaz</td></tr><tr><td>IČ: 24831964</td><td>Banka: Raiffeisenbank a.s. Číslo účtu:</td></tr><tr><td>DIČ: CZ24831964</td><td>1295035028 / 5500</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Variabilní symbol: 3211182927 Konstantní symbol: 308</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fakturované období: 1.11. 2021 - 15. 11. 2021. Podrobný rozpis naleznete v příloze faktury.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pří úhradě faktur prosím vždy uvádějte varabilní symbol. V opačném případě platby nemusí být správně spárovány a vaše faktury se budou jevit jako neuhrazené.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Položka 72,18 l</td><td>PočetMJJednotková cenaCelkem bez DPH%DPHCelkem s DPH 29,08 2 099,18</td><td>21% 2 540,01</td></tr><tr><td>#ta</td><td>REKAPITULACE:</td><td>ZAPLACENO</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><table><thead><tr><td>%DPH</td><td>Základ DPH</td><td>DPH</td><td>Celkem</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>0%</td><td>0,00</td><td>0,00</td><td>0,00</td></tr><tr><td>15%</td><td>0,00</td><td>0,00</td><td>0,00</td></tr><tr><td>21%</td><td>2 099,18</td><td>440,83</td><td>2 540,01 2 540,01</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Celková částka k úhradě v Kč:</td><td>2 540,01</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">F"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "e6f6cc0df47d4565a6c9e4b304735a59", "conversation_index": 595949, "turn_index": 22, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 909, "prompt": "voilà une image jpg en base 64 contient elle l'image d'un chien ou d'un chat ? Donne moi ta réponse avec un dégré de certitude stp : data:image/jpeg;base64,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"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1c9f1bd8441246e98847b9c969986847", "conversation_index": 561079, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 923, "prompt": "Перескажи: СегоднПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.я вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтрПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.а до +25 а пПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.о ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.Перескажи: СегоднПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.я вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтрПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.а до +25 а пПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.о ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.Перескажи: СегоднПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.я вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтрПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.а до +25 а пПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.о ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.Перескажи: СегоднПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.я вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтрПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.а до +25 а пПерескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.о ощущению +22. Перескажи: Сегодня вечером +19 по ощущению +17\nЗавтра до +25 а по ощущению +22.Перескажи: Сегод"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "73c5f3ce9b934166937033ed94ef57fd", "conversation_index": 306814, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1125, "prompt": "1\n00:00:36,537 --> 00:00:38,306\nMAN: So I went over\nto Harold Becker and I said,\n\n2\n00:00:38,330 --> 00:00:39,582\n\"Listen, man, I’m not quitting.\n\n3\n00:00:39,665 --> 00:00:42,001\nYou can’t get me to quit,\nyou fucker.\"\n\n4\n00:00:42,084 --> 00:00:43,729\nI’ll kick that guy’s ass\nin the last scene.\n\n5\n00:00:43,753 --> 00:00:45,171\nYou know?\n\n6\n00:00:45,254 --> 00:00:47,673\nSo the next day, they said,\n\"No, you got to go.\"\n\n7\n00:00:47,757 --> 00:00:49,258\n(chuckles)\n\n8\n00:00:49,341 --> 00:00:51,260\nYou ever been fired before?\n\n9\n00:00:51,343 --> 00:00:52,803\n- Fuckers.\n- VAL: I’ve been fired.\n\n10\n00:00:52,887 --> 00:00:54,180\nYeah?\n\n11\n00:00:54,263 --> 00:00:56,307\nVAL: I’ve almost been fired\nfrom all of my movies.\n\n12\n00:00:56,390 --> 00:00:59,101\nEvery time, they start\nlooking for someone else.\n\n13\n00:00:59,185 --> 00:01:01,937\n(\"Livin’ For Your Lover\"\nby Chris Isaak playing)\n\n14\n00:01:02,021 --> 00:01:04,690\n- Even this one.\n- (chuckles)\n\n15\n00:01:04,774 --> 00:01:08,861\n♪ I love her... ♪\n\n16\n00:01:12,698 --> 00:01:15,451\nHey! More! More! More.\n\n17\n00:01:15,534 --> 00:01:17,870\nMore. More.\n\n18\n00:01:17,953 --> 00:01:20,998\n- (laughter)\n- (goofy accent): He wants more!\n\n19\n00:01:21,081 --> 00:01:22,208\nMore sex.\n\n20\n00:01:22,291 --> 00:01:25,711\nMore drugs. More wine!\n\n21\n00:01:25,795 --> 00:01:28,881\nMore tobacco. More headaches.\n\n22\n00:01:28,964 --> 00:01:32,301\nMore ulcers. More herpes.\n\n23\n00:01:32,384 --> 00:01:33,886\nMore women.\n\n24\n00:01:33,969 --> 00:01:35,721\nAnd less of Tom Cruise.\n\n25\n00:01:35,805 --> 00:01:37,765\n(laughter)\n\n26\n00:01:37,848 --> 00:01:39,266\n(yelling)\n\n27\n00:01:40,684 --> 00:01:42,978\nGive me more!\n\n28\n00:01:47,149 --> 00:01:49,026\n- (yells)\n- (laughter)\n\n29\n00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:57,368\n(\"Everybody’s Talkin’\"\nby Harry Nilsson playing)\n\n30\n00:02:02,373 --> 00:02:06,126\n♪ Everybody’s talking at me ♪\n\n31\n00:02:06,210 --> 00:02:09,338\n♪ I don’t hear a word\nthey’re saying ♪\n\n32\n00:02:09,421 --> 00:02:10,756\n♪ Only the echoes... ♪\n\n33\n00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,175\nI don’t do this\nwith every interview I go on,\n\n34\n00:02:13,259 --> 00:02:15,010\ntake you inside my home.\n\n35\n00:02:15,094 --> 00:02:16,846\nI don’t, but I’m going to.\n\n36\n00:02:17,930 --> 00:02:20,808\n♪ People stopping, staring ♪\n\n37\n00:02:22,059 --> 00:02:25,604\n♪ I can’t see their faces ♪\n\n38\n00:02:25,688 --> 00:02:30,568\n♪ Only the shadows\nof their eyes... ♪\n\n39\n00:02:30,651 --> 00:02:33,487\nJACK:\nMy name is Val Kilmer.\n\n40\n00:02:33,571 --> 00:02:36,574\n♪ I’m going where the sun\nkeeps shining ♪\n\n41\n00:02:36,657 --> 00:02:39,034\n♪ Throu"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "11f4ff3464404bc9b560a5852a723ae6", "conversation_index": 869732, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1029, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES STRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND FUND IS Symbol: SVAIX\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, , \nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% \nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73, \nNAME_2 MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS I Symbol: OFVIX\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, , \nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19, \nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92, \nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY INCOME FUND CLASS INSTL Symbol: ANGIX\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, , \nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07, \nNAME_3 & NAME_4 PREFERRED SEC & INC FUND I Symbol: CPXIX\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, , \nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93, \nPUTNAM ULTRA SHORT DURATION INCOME FUND CLASS Y\nSymbol: PSDYX, , , , , , , , , \nTrade date: Oct 21 20, 11.847, 10.099, 119.65, 119.65, 10.060, 119.18, -0.47, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 0.335, 10.000, , 3.35, 10.060, 3.37, 0.02, , \nSecurity total, 12.182, 10.097, 119.65, 123.00, , 122.55, -0.45, 2.90,'\n\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price of each share, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Give ONLY a CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6bad929d131143e6a0a8c54e5ad19202", "conversation_index": 823610, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1071, "prompt": "Please sort the functions in descending order based on the value of the last column \"max-us.\"\nAlso tell what to do to mitigate the issue, the logs are of Palo Atlo Networks.\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:func\tmax-us\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:policy_lookup\t10549\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:user_group_policy\t8816\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:get_gid\t1573\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:regex_lookup\t13919\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:sml_vm\t13528\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:detector_run_p1\t7811\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:detector_run_p2\t11299\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ssl_proxy_proc\t57146\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ssl_encode\t9248\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:rsa_operation_pub_dec\t73\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:rsa_operation_priv_enc\t6720\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:rsa_key_gen\t0\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:rsa_RSA_sign\t46266\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:rsa_RSA_verify\t14395 \nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_key_gen\t8505\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_key_gen_mul\t0\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_key_compute_mul\t20255\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_key_compute\t20343\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_generate_xchg_key\t8622\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_gen_key_exchange_msg\t17370\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_get_key_exchange_msg\t20355\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_parse_server_key_exchange_msg\t9748\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:ecdhe_gen_server_key_exchange_msg\t7466\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:session_install\t4013\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:session_age\t4059\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:session_delete\t10134\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:session_purge\t0\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:inline_switch\t0\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:age_arp\t30\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:age_pbf_ret_mac\t12\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:mi_proxy_timer_advance\t2444\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:mi_proxy_timer_expire\t5008\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:mi_proxy_host_rcv_pkt\t1682\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:mi_proxy_host_rcv_data\t0\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:mi_proxy_host_xmt_data\t4094\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:receive_pkt\t19097\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:tim_check\t11587\nmp\tdp-monitor.log\t2023-05-27\t10:40:17\t:http2_proc_recv\t9997\n"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "3154931c07c4f0533793b51bdac9650c8f9bb8339d751623", "conversation_index": 2755, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 56106, "prompt": "Relion® 650 系列\n发电机保护 REG650\n调试手册\n文件编号: 1MRK 502 035-UZH\n发行日期: 2013.03\n修订版: -\n产品版本: 1.1\n© 版权 2013 ABB. 版权所有\n版权\n未经 ABB 书面许可，不得转载和复制本文的全文及部分内容，不得将内容披露\n给第三方，也不得用于任何非授权用途。\n本文所述的软件或硬件只能在获得许可的情况下提供，只能根据该许可的条款\n使用或披露。\n商标\nABB 和 Relion 均为 ABB 集团的注册商标。本文提及的所有其他品牌或产品名\n称可能是其各自所有者的注册商标。\n保修\n请向离您最近的 ABB 代表处咨询保修条款。\nABB AB\n变电站自动化产品\nSE-721 59 Vasteras\nSweden\n电话： +46 (0) 21 32 50 00\n传真： +46 (0) 21 14 69 18\nhttp://www.abb.com/substationautomation\nSAC\n国电南京自动化股份有限公司\nGuodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd. Zip:211100\n南京 江宁开发区\n中国\n电话： +86 25 51183000\n传真： +86 25 51183883\nhttp://www.sac-china.com\n符合性\n本产品符合关于“统一各成员国有关电磁兼容性(EMC 理事会指令 2004/108/\nEC)和在规定电压等级范围内使用电气设备”（低压指令 2006/95/EC）欧共体\n理事会的法律指令。 此符合性是 ABB 在遵循 EMC 指令中的产品标准 EN50263\n和 EN60255-26 以及低压指令中的产品标准 EN60255-1 和 EN60255-27 进行测\n试的结果。 该继电器 的设计符合 IEC  60255 系列的国际标准。\n免责声明\n本手册中的数据、示例和图片仅提供产品所涉及的概念或产品说明，不能视为\n保证特性的声明。本手册中提到的负责使用设备的所有人员应确认自身具备相\n应资格以执行各项操作，同时遵守所有适用的安全规程或其他操作要求。特别\n是，出现由于系统和/或产品故障导致财产损失和人员伤亡（不仅限于人员伤\n亡）等应用期间发生的危险，将由使用设备的人员和实体承担全部责任，因此\n需要这些使用方法来确保已采取排除或降低类似危险的所有措施。\n本文件已经过 ABB 仔细检查，但是不能完全排除偏差。如果发现其中有误，请\n通知制造商。除非有明确的合同承诺，在任何情况下 ABB 将不会承担因使用\n本手册和应用设备所导致的任何损失或损坏。\n安全信息\n即使辅助电源已被切断，端子上仍有可能出现危险电压。\n如果不遵守安全规程，将可能导致人员受伤甚至死亡或巨大财\n产损失。\n只有合格电工才能执行电气安装操作。\n必须始终遵守国家和当地的电气安全规程。\n继电器 的壳体必须良好接地。\n一旦 继电器做了改进，应采取相应措施，以免意外跳闸。\n继电器 内部包含易受静电放电影响的敏感性部件。 因此应避\n免不必要的触碰。\n目录\n章节 1\n引言..............................................7\n本手册......................................................7\n目标读者....................................................7\n产品文件....................................................8\n产品文件系列.............................................8\n文档修订历史记录.........................................9\n相关文件.................................................9\n符号和约定.................................................10\n安全指示符号............................................10\n文件约定................................................10\n章节 2\n可用功能.........................................13\n主要保护功能...............................................13\n后备保护功能...............................................14\n控制和监视功能.............................................15\n用于通讯...................................................17\nIED 基本功能...............................................18\n章节 3\n启动.............................................19\n出厂合格检测...............................................19\n调试检测列表...............................................19\n检查电源...................................................20\nIED 通电...................................................20\n检查 IED 的运行..........................................20\nIED 起动顺序............................................20\nPCM600 和 IED 之间建立通信..................................20\n将应用配置写入继电器.......................................25\n检查 CT 回路...............................................25\n检查 VT 回路...............................................26\n检测 RTXP 试验开关 .........................................26\n检测开关量输入和输出电路...................................27\n开关量输入回路..........................................27\n开关量输出回路..........................................27\n检查光纤连接...............................................27\n章节 4\n建立连接并检验 IEC 61850 站级通信................29\n设置站内通信...............................................29\n通信的检查.................................................29\n章节 5\n测试 IED 动作.....................................31\n目录\n1\n调试手册\n准备对 IED 进行定值校验.....................................31\n激活测试模式...............................................32\n与测试装置的连接准备.......................................33\n连接测试装置至 IED.........................................33\n解锁需要测试的功能.........................................34\n检查模拟量的一次和二次测量.................................35\n测试保护功能...............................................36\n章节 6\n测试功能.........................................37\n测试故障录波...............................................37\n引言....................................................37\n故障报告设置............................................37\n验证技术参考手册中需要测试的功能 ..........................37\n测试差动保护功能...........................................37\n变压器差动保护 T3WPDIF .................................37\n验证整定值...........................................38\n完成测试.............................................38\n单相高阻抗差动保护 HZPDIF ..............................39\n验证整定值...........................................39\n完成测试.............................................39\n发电机差动保护 GENPDIF .................................40\n验证整定值...........................................40\n完成测试.............................................40\n测试阻抗保护功能...........................................41\n发电机和变压器的低阻抗保护 .............................41\n距离保护段 ZGPDIS.....................................41\n相间故障.............................................41\n失磁保护 LEXPDIS .......................................42\n验证整定值...........................................43\n完成测试.............................................44\n失步保护................................................44\n验证整定值...........................................45\n负荷入侵 LEPDIS ........................................48\n测量整定值的动作限值.................................49\n完成测试.............................................49\n测试电流保护功能...........................................49\n4 段相过流保护 OC4PTOC...................................49\n验证整定值...........................................49\n完成测试.............................................50\n4 段零序过电流保护 EF4PTOC ..............................50\n4 段式零序方向过流保护 ...............................50\n4 段式不带方向的零序过流保护..........................51\n完成测试.............................................51\n灵敏的零序方向过流保护 SDEPSDE .........................51\n目录\n2\n调试手册\n测量整定值的动作和时间限值...........................52\n完成测试.............................................56\n带 2 个时间常数的热过负荷保护 TRPTTR ....................56\n校验保护的动作值和复归值.............................56\n完成测试.............................................57\n断路器失灵保护 CCRBRF...................................58\n检验相电流动作值， IP>...............................58\n检验零序电流动作时的值 IN> 小于 IP>..................58\n检验重跳和后备保护跳闸的时间.........................59\n验证重跳模式.........................................59\n验证后备跳闸模式.....................................60\n验证 重跳模式 = 接点.................................61\n验证功能模式 电流&接点...............................61\n完成测试.............................................62\n三相 不一致 保护 CCRPLD.................................62\n验证整定值...........................................62\n完成测试.............................................62\n带方向的低功率保护 GUPPDUP .............................63\n验证整定值...........................................63\n完成测试.............................................64\n带方向的过功率保护 GOPPDOP .............................64\n验证整定值...........................................65\n完成测试.............................................65\n同步电机的误上电保护 AEGGAPC............................65\n验证整定值...........................................66\n电机负序定时限过流保护 NS2PTOC .........................66\n通过二次注入测试认证整定值...........................66\n电压制动定时限过流保护 VR2PVOC .........................67\n验证整定值...........................................68\n完成测试.............................................68\n测试电压保护功能...........................................69\n两段式欠电压保护 UV2PTUV ...............................69\n检验设置.............................................69\n完成测试.............................................69\n两段式过电压保护 OV2PTOV ...............................70\n验证整定值...........................................70\n完成测试.............................................70\n两段式零序过电压保护 ROV2PTOV ..........................70\n验证整定值...........................................70\n完成测试.............................................71\n过励磁保护 OEXPVPH .....................................71\n验证整定值...........................................71\n完成测试.............................................71\n目录\n3\n调试手册\n100% 定子 接地 保护，基于三次谐波 STEFPHIZ .............72\n测试.................................................72\n验证整定值...........................................73\n完成测试.............................................73\n测试频率保护功能...........................................74\n欠频率保护 SAPTUF ......................................74\n检验设置.............................................74\n完成测试.............................................75\n过频率保护 SAPTOF ......................................75\n检验设置.............................................75\n完成测试.............................................76\n频率变化率保护 SAPFRC ..................................76\n检验设置.............................................76\n完成测试.............................................77\n测试二次系统监视功能.......................................77\nPT 断线监视 SDDRFUF......................................77\n检查开关量输入和输出按照期望运行 ....................77\n测量负序功能动作值 ..................................78\n测量零序功能动作值 ..................................78\n检查基于 du/dt 和 di/dt 的功能动作情况 ...............79\n完成测试.............................................79\n测试控制功能...............................................80\n同期检测、无压检测和同步 SESRSYN........................80\n测试同步功能.........................................81\n测试同期检测功能.....................................82\n测试无压检测功能.....................................84\n测试电压选择.........................................86\n完成测试.............................................86\n测试逻辑功能...............................................86\n跳闸逻辑 SMPPTRC .......................................86\n三相动作模式.........................................86\n断路器跳闸自保持.....................................87\n完成测试.............................................87\n测试监视功能...............................................87\n事件计数器 CNTGGIO......................................87\n测试测量功能...............................................88\n脉冲计数器 PCGGIO.......................................88\n退出测试模式...............................................88\n章节 7\n故障清除系统的调试和维护.........................89\n故障清除系统的调试和维修...................................89\n安装和调试..............................................89\n调试测试................................................89\n定期维护测试............................................90\n目录\n4\n调试手册\n目视检查.............................................90\n维修测试.............................................91\n章节 8\n检修 ............................................93\n故障追踪...................................................93\n识别硬件故障............................................93\n识别运行故障............................................93\n识别通讯故障............................................93\n检查通信连接运行情况.................................93\n检查时间同步性.......................................94\n运行显示屏测试..........................................94\n指示信息...................................................94\n内部故障................................................94\n告警....................................................95\n附加指示................................................95\n校正步骤...................................................96\n更改和设置密码..........................................96\n识别继电器应用问题......................................96\n检查配线.............................................96\n章节 9\n术语表..........................................101\n目录\n5\n调试手册\n6\n章节 1 \n引言\n1.1 \n本手册\n调试手册介绍了如何调试 IED。 在测试阶段，系统工程师和维护人员可以使\n用该手册作为协助。 该手册提供了检查外部安全和 IED 上电、参数整定和配\n置、还有通过二次电流注入验证整定值的程序步骤。 该手册描述了在不运行\n的变电站中测试 IED 的程序步骤。 章节按 IED 调试的时间顺序排列。\n1.2 \n目标读者\n本手册针对负责安装、维护和继电器正常服务的人员而编写。\n调试人员必须具备处理电子设备的基本知识。调试和维护人员必须在使用保护\n设备、测试设备、保护功能以及继电器中所配置的功能逻辑方面富有经验。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 1\n引言\n7\n调试手册\n1.3 \n产品文件\n1.3.1 \n产品文件系列\nIEC07000220 V1 ZH\n图 1:\n在不同产品周期内，各个手册的用途\n工程手册中介绍了如何使用 PCM600 中的不同工具来监控 IED。 该手册提供了\n如何建立一个 PCM600 工程和如何将 IED 插入工程结构中去的指导。 还推荐了\n保护和控制功能、LHMI 功能以及基于 IEC 60870-5-103、IEC61850 和 DNP3 的\n通信功能的操作顺序。\n安装手册中介绍了如何安装 IED。 该手册提供了机械和电气程序。 章节按\nIED 安装的时间顺序排列。\n调试手册介绍了如何调试 IED。 在测试阶段，系统工程师和维护人员可以使\n用该手册作为协助。 该手册提供了检查外部安全和 IED 上电、参数整定和配\n置、还有通过二次电流注入验证整定值的程序步骤。 该手册描述了在不运行\n的变电站中测试 IED 的程序步骤。 章节按 IED 调试的时间顺序排列。\n章节 1\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n引言\n8\n调试手册\n操作手册（OM）包含了 IED 调试后如何进行操作的指导。 该手册提供了对 IED\n监视、控制和整定的指导。 该手册也描述了如何确认故障，和如何查看算得\n的和测得的电网数据，来判定故障原因。\n维修手册（SM）包含如何维修和维护 IED 的指导。 手册还介绍了 IED 断电、\n停用和废弃处理的程序。\n应用手册（AM）包含了根据每个功能分类的应用描述和设定指导。 该手册可\n用于找出使用典型保护功能的时机和目的。 当计算整定值时，也可使用本手\n册。\n技术手册（TM）包含应用和功能描述，按照每个功能列出功能模块、逻辑框\n图、输入输出信号、整定参数和技术数据。 在工程设计阶段、安装和调试阶\n段和正常运行维护期间，该手册可用作为技术参考。\n通讯协议手册（CM）描述了 IED 支持的通信协议。 该手册着重于厂商指定的\n方案。\n点表手册包含了针对本 IED 数据节点的描述和属性。 该手册应与相应的通信\n协议手册结合使用。\n维修手册（SM）尚未发行。\n1.3.2 \n文档修订历史记录\n文档校订/日期\n产品系列历史\n历史\n-/2011.2\n1.1\n首版\n1.3.3 \n相关文件\nREG650 相关资料\n识别号\n应用手册\n1MRK 502,033-UEN\n技术手册\n1MRK 502,034-UEN\n调试手册\n1MRK 502,035-UEN\n产品指南\n1MRK 502,036-BEN\n型式试验证书\n1MRK 502,036-TEN\n转子 接地 故障保护，含 RXTTE4 注入单元和 REG670\n1MRG001910\n \n \n650 系列手册\n识别号\n通信协议手册，DNP3\n1MRK 511,241-UEN\n通信协议手册，IEC 61850\n1MRK 511,242-UEN\n通信协议手册，IEC60870-5-103\n1MRK 511,243-UEN\n点表手册，DNP3\n1MRK 511,244-UEN\n续下页\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 1\n引言\n9\n调试手册\n650 系列手册\n识别号\n工程手册\n1MRK 511,245-UEN\n操作手册\n1MRK 500,093-UEN\n安装手册\n1MRK 514,014-UEN\n \n \n1.4 \n符号和约定\n1.4.1 \n安全指示符号\n电气警告图标，表示存在电击危险。\n警示图标，表示存在危险，可能导致人身伤亡。\n注意图标，指出重要信息或与文中涉及的概念相关的警示。此\n图标可能指示存在导致软件破坏、设备或财产损失的危险。\n信息图标，警示读者重要的事实和条件。\n提示图标，表示提出建议，例如，如何设计你的项目或如何使\n用某种功能。\n虽然这些标识能够警示存在的危险，但同时应当注意，在某些操作条件下，操\n作受损的设备会导致工艺性能降低，从而也可能造成人员伤亡。 因此，务必\n完全遵守所有警示和注意事项。\n1.4.2 \n文件约定\n约定适用于本 IED 手册。 一些特别的约定可能不适用于本手册。\n•\n本手册中的缩写和简称在“术语表”一节作了详细说明。 术语表中还包\n含重要术语的说明。\n•\nLHMI 人机界面 LHMI 菜单中的按钮导航通过面板上的按键图标来表示，\n例如：\n通过 \n 和 \n键来实现选项间的导航。\n•\nHMI 菜单路径用粗体字显示。例如：\n章节 1\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n引言\n10\n调试手册\n选择 主菜单/定值.\n•\nLHMI 信息以 Courier 字体显示表示，例如：\n要将更改保存在非易失性存储器中，请选择 “是” 并按下\n。\n•\n参数名以斜体字显示，例如：\n通过操作设置启用和禁用功能。\n•\n功能模块标志上的输入或输出信号名前端的^符号指示用户可通过 PCM600\n自己设置信号名。\n•\n在功能模块标志上的输入或输出信号名后面的* 符号指示信号必须连接至\n应用配置中的另一功能模块以达到有效的应用配置。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 1\n引言\n11\n调试手册\n12\n章节 2 \n可用功能\n请注意，并非下面表中包含的所有功能都提供了调试信息。\n2.1 \n主要保护功能\nIEC 61850/功能\n模块名称\nANSI\n功能函数\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n差动保护\n \n \nT3WPDIF\n87T\n变压器差动保护，三绕组\n \n1\nHZPDIF\n87\n单相高阻抗差动保护\n1\n1\nGENPDIF\n87G\n发电机差动保护\n1\n \n阻抗保护\n \nZGPDIS\n21G\n发电机和变压器的欠阻抗保护\n1\n1\nLEXPDIS\n40\n失磁保护\n1\n1\nOOSPPAM\n78\n失步保护\n1\n1\nLEPDIS\n \n负荷侵入\n1\n1\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 2\n可用功能\n13\n调试手册\n2.2 \n后备保护功能\nIEC 61850/功能\n模块名称\nANSI\n功能描述\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n \n电流保护\n \n \nOC4PTOC\n51/67\n四段带方向相过流保护\n2\n2\n \nEF4PTOC\n51N/67N\n四段带方向零序过流保护\n2\n2\n \nSDEPSDE\n67N\n灵敏性方向零序过电流及功率保护\n1\n1\n \nTRPTTR\n49\n热过负荷保护，两个时间常数\n2\n2\n \nCCRBRF\n50BF\n断路器失灵保护\n1\n1\n \nCCRPLD\n52PD\n三相不一致保护\n1\n1\n \nGUPPDUP\n37\n方向低功率保护\n1\n1\n \nGOPPDOP\n32\n方向过功率保护\n2\n2\n \nAEGGAPC\n50AE\n同步电机的突加电压保护\n1\n1\n \nNS2PTOC\n46I2\n电机的负序定时限过流保护\n1\n1\n \nVR2PVOC\n51V\n电压制动定时限过流保护\n1\n1\n \n电压保护\n \n \nUV2PTUV\n27\n两段低电压保护\n1\n1\n \nOV2PTOV\n59\n两段过电压保护\n1\n1\n \nRV2PTOV\n59N\n两段零序过电压保护\n2\n2\n \nOEXPVPH\n24\n过激磁保护\n1\n1\n \nSTEFPHIZ\n59THD\n基于 3 次谐波的 100%定子接地故障保护\n1\n1\n \n-\n64R\n转子 接地 保护\n1\n1\n \n频率保护\n \n \n \nSAPTUF\n81\n低频率保护\n4\n4\n \nSAPTOF\n81\n过频率保护\n4\n4\n \nSAPFRC\n81\n频率变化率保护\n2\n2\n \n章节 2\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n可用功能\n14\n调试手册\n2.3 \n控制和监视功能\nIEC 61850/功能模块名\n称\nANSI\n功能描述\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n \n控制\n \n \nSESRSYN\n25\n同期检测，无压检测和同步\n1\n1\n \nQCBAY\n \n间隔控制\n1\n1\n \nLOCREM\n \n就地远方切换\n1\n1\n \nLOCRENCTRL\n \n操作许可模块（PSTO）\n1\n1\n \nSLGGIO\n \n功能选择和就地人机界面显示的逻辑转换开关\n15\n15\n \nVSGGIO\n \n选择器微型开关扩展\n20\n20\n \nDPGGIO\n \n通用双点功能模块\n16\n16\n \nSPC8GGIO\n \n单点八路控制集成模块\n5\n5\n \nAUTOBITS\n \n自动控制位功能模块（DNP3.0)\n3\n3\n \nI103CMD\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的功能命令\n1\n1\n \nI103IEDCMD\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的装置命令\n1\n1\n \nI103USRCMD\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的用户定义功能命令\n4\n4\n \nI103GENCMD\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的一般功能命令\n50\n50\n \nI103POSCMD\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的带有位置和选择的装置命令\n50\n50\n \n二次回路监视\n \n \nSDDRFUF\n \nPT 断线监视\n1\n1\n \nTCSSCBR\n \n断路器合闸/跳闸回路监视\n3\n3\n \n逻辑\n \n \nSMPPTRC\n94\n跳闸逻辑\n6\n6\n \nTMAGGIO\n \n跳闸逻辑矩阵\n12\n12\n \nOR\n \n可配置逻辑模块，或门\n283\n283\n \nINVERTER\n \n可配置逻辑模块，取反\n140\n140\n \nPULSETIMER\n \n可配置逻辑模块，脉冲计时器\n40\n40\n \nGATE\n \n可编程逻辑模块，控制门\n40\n40\n \nXOR\n \n可配置逻辑模块，或门\n40\n40\n \nLOOPDELAY\n \n可编程逻辑模块，环路延时\n40\n40\n \nTIMERSET\n \n可配置逻辑模块，计时器功能模块\n40\n40\n \nAND\n \n可配置逻辑模块，与门\n280\n280\n \nSRMEMORY\n \n可配置逻辑模块，置位复位存储触发器\n40\n40\n \nRSMOMERY\n \n可配置逻辑模块，复位置位存储触发器\n40\n40\n \n续下页\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 2\n可用功能\n15\n调试手册\nIEC 61850/功能模块名\n称\nANSI\n功能描述\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n \nFXDSIGN\n \n固定信号功能块\n1\n1\n \nB16I\n \n布尔值 16 到整数转换\n16\n16\n \nB16IFCVI\n \n带逻辑节点表示的 16 位布尔型转化为整数\n16\n16\n \nIB16A\n \n整数的 16 位布尔值转换\n16\n16\n \nIB16FCVB\n \n带逻辑节点表示的整数转化为 16 位布尔型\n16\n16\n \n监视\n \n \nCVMMXN\n \n测量\n6\n6\n \nCMMXU\n \n相电流测量\n10\n10\n \nVMMXU\n \n相间电压测量\n6\n6\n \nCMSQI\n \n电流序分量测量\n6\n6\n \nVMSQI\n \n电压序分量测量\n6\n6\n \nVNMMXU\n \n相电压测量\n6\n6\n \nCNTGGIO\n \n事件计数器\n5\n5\n \nDRPRDRE\n \n故障报告\n1\n1\n \nAxRADR\n \n模拟量输入模块\n4\n4\n \nBxRBDR\n \n开关量输入模块\n6\n6\n \nSPGGIO\n \nIEC61850 通用 I/O 通信功能\n64\n64\n \nSP16GGIO\n \nIEC61850 通用 I/O 通信功能，16 个输入\n16\n16\n \nMVGGIO\n \nIEC61850 通用 I/O 通信功能\n16\n16\n \nMVEXP\n \n测量值扩展器模块\n66\n66\n \nSPVNZBAT\n \n变电站电池监测\n1\n1\n \nSSIMG\n63\n气体绝缘监视功能\n2\n2\n \nSSIML\n71\n液体绝缘监视功能\n2\n2\n \nSSCBR\n \n断路器状态监视\n1\n1\n \nI103MEAS\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的测量值\n1\n1\n \nI103MEASUSR\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的用户定义信号的测量值\n3\n3\n \nI103AR\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的自动重合闸功能状态\n1\n1\n \nI103EF\n \nIEC60870-5-103 接地故障保护功能状态\n1\n1\n \nI103FLTPROT\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的故障报告信息状态\n1\n1\n \nI103IED\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的装置状态\n1\n1\n \nI103SUPERV\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的监视状态\n1\n1\n \nI103USERDEF\n \nIEC60870-5-103 的用户定义信号的状态\n20\n20\n \n续下页\n章节 2\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n可用功能\n16\n调试手册\nIEC 61850/功能模块名\n称\nANSI\n功能描述\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n \n计量\n \n \nPCGGIO\n \n脉冲计数逻辑\n16\n16\n \nETPMMTR\n \n电能计量与需量处理\n3\n3\n \n2.4 \n用于通讯\nIEC 61850/功能模块名称\nANSI\n功能描述\n发电机\n \n \n \n \nREG650 (B01)\n发电机差动保护\nREG650 (B05)\n发电机+变压器差动保护\n \n站级通讯\n \n \n \n \nIEC 61850 通信协议, LAN1\n1\n1\n \n \n \n满足 TCP/IP 通信协议的 DNP3.0，LAN1\n1\n1\n \nIEC61870-5-103\n \n通过 ST 的 IEC60870-5-103 串行通信\n1\n1\n \nGOOSEINTLKRCV\n \n通过 GOOSE 水平通讯实现的联闭锁\n59\n59\n \nGOOSEINRCV\n \nGOOSE 开关量接收\n4\n4\n \nETHFRNT\nETHLAN1\nGATEWAY\n \n前端口，LAN1 端口和通道的以太网网关\n \n \n \nGOOSEDPRCV\n \n接收一个双点值的信号 GOOSE 模块\n32\n32\n \nGOOSEINTRCV\n \n接收一个整数值的 GOOSE 模块\n32\n32\n \nGOOSEMVRCV\n \n接收一个测量值的 GOOSE 功能模块\n16\n16\n \nGOOSESPRCV\n \n接收一个单点值的 GOOSE 功能模块\n64\n64\n \n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 2\n可用功能\n17\n调试手册\n2.5 \nIED 基本功能\nIEC 61850/功能模块名称 功能描述\n \n包含所有产品的基本功能\n \nINTERRSIG\n内部事件列表的信号\n1\nSELFSUPEVLST\n内部事件列表的自我监视\n1\nSNTP\n网路时间同步\n1\nTIMESYNCGGEN\n时间同步\n1\nDTSBEGIN, DTSEND,\nTIMEZONE\n时间同步，夏令时\n1\nIRIG-B\n时间同步\n1\nSETGRPS\n设定值组数\n1\nAVTVGRP\n切换定值组\n1\nTESTMODE\n测试模式功能\n1\nCHNGLCK\n更改锁定功能\n1\nTERMINALID\n装置命名\n1\nPRODINF\n产品信息\n1\nPRIMVAL\n一次系统值\n1\nSMAI_20_1-12\n模拟量输入信号处理\n2\n3PHSUM\n三相求和模块\n12\nGBASVAL\n设定通用基准值\n6\nATHSTAT\n权限状态\n1\nATCHCK\n权限检测\n1\nFTPACCS\n带密码的 FTP 入口\n1\nDOSFRNT\n拒绝服务，对前面板端口进行帧速率控制\n1\nDOSLAN1\n取消服务，对 LAN1 端口进行帧速率控制\n1\nDOSSCKT\n拒绝服务，传输流控制\n1\n章节 2\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n可用功能\n18\n调试手册\n章节 3 \n启动\n3.1 \n出厂合格检测\n测试 IED 是否正确动作是通过对不同的情况来分析的，如：\n•\n合格检测\n•\n运行测试\n•\n维护测试\n本手册描述了执行运行测试的工作流程及步骤。\n出厂合格检测（FAT)通常是检测 IED 及其配置是否满足工业应用的需要。 此\n测试最复杂和最彻底，因为它是为了让用户了解一个新的保护或验证一个新的\n配置。 这种测试的复杂性由几个因素决定。\n•\n新的 IED 类型\n•\n新配置\n•\n预配置\n•\n对已有配置的改进\n现场验收测试（SAT 或运行测试）通常是来检测新安装的 IED 的设置和与电\n力系统的连接是否正确。 SAT 需要执行合格检测及验证应用配置。\n维护测试是要周期性的验证 IED 是否正常工作以及电力系统变化时是否有正\n确的定值。 也有其他类型的维护测试。\n3.2 \n调试检测列表\n启动调试之前，核查以下目录。\n•\n单线图\n•\n保护逻辑图\n•\n电路图\n•\n定值设置和配置\n•\nRJ-45 以太网 电缆(CAT 5)\n•\n三相测试组件或者与配置复杂度和被测试功能有关的其他测试装置。\n•\n安装 有 PCM600 的 PC，另外该 PC 还装有 连接包，连接包是与用到的\nIED 相一致的\n•\nPC 上用来创建 IP 地址的管理权限\n•\n产品文件（工程手册，安装手册，调试手册，操作手册，技术手册以及通\n信协议手册）\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 3\n启动\n19\n调试手册\n3.3 \n检查电源\n检查在所有的工作条件下允许的输入电压范围内，辅助电源电压保持有效。\n在给 IED 供电之前检查极性是否正确。\n3.4 \nIED 通电\n3.4.1 \n检查 IED 的运行\n在 IED 通电和执行调试程序之前，必须检查与 IED 连接的所有外部电路以确\n保安装的正确。\n用户必须启动电源供给来启动 IED. 这可以通过很多方法实现，可对整个保护\n屏柜通电以及只对单个的 IED. 根据要求设置 IED 的时间，如果没有配置时\n钟同步源。同样需要检查自检功能，该功能位于 主菜单/诊断/内部事件 或\n者 主菜单/诊断/装置状态/常规菜单在本地 HMI ，用来确认 IED 正常运行。\n3.4.2 \nIED 起动顺序\n当 IED 通电时，以下是预期的顺序。\n•\n绿色的 就绪 LED 指示灯启动 立即闪烁并且 ABB 商标也显示在 LCD.\n•\n在经过大约 30 秒钟后，IED 正在起动显示在 LCD.\n•\n在 90 秒内，主菜单显示在 LCD ，并且绿色的 就绪 LED 指示灯 发出稳定\n的光，这说明了已经成功 启动.\n该 启动 时间取决于应用配置的大小。 应用配置的功能越少就\n意味着 启动 时间越短。\n如果启动后绿色的 就绪 LED 指示灯 一直保持闪烁， 那么表示 IED 检测到内\n部错误。 通过 主菜单/诊断/装置状态/常规浏览来分析故障的原因。\n3.5 \nPCM600 和 IED 之间建立通信\nIED 和 PCM600 之间的通信与变电站或 NCC 内的通信协议无关。\n通讯媒介通常是以太网，使用的协议是 TCP/IP。\n每个 IED 的前面板和后面板上有一个以太网接口的连接头。 以太网连接头通\n过 PCM600，可用于通信。\n当使用基于以太网的变电站规约时，PCM600 通信可使用相同的端口和 IP 地\n址。\n章节 3\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n启动\n20\n调试手册\n将 PCM600 与 IED 相连时，要考虑两种情况。\n•\nPCM600 和 IED 前端口的点对点通信连接。\n•\n通过站级 LAN 或经由网络远程连接的非直接通信连接。\n在这两种情况下都需物理连接和配置 IP 地址，以使得能够通信。\n这两个例子中，通信过程是相同的。\n1.\n如有需要，需为这些 IED 设置 IP 地址。\n2.\n建立 PC 机或工作站的直接连接（点对点），或者\n3.\n将个人电脑或工作站连接到 LAN/WAN 网络。\n4.\n在 PCM600 项目中对每个 IED 配置 IED 的 IP 地址，以匹配物理 IED 的 IP\n地址。\n建立 IP 地址。\nIED 的每个可用的以太网接口的 IP 地址及相应的掩码可通过 LHMI 来设定。\n当完整的 IED 发货时，每个以太网接口都有一个默认的出厂 IP 地址。 当安装\n附加的以太网接口或接口替换后，不会发生这样的情况。\n•\nIED 前面板口的默认 IP 地址为 10.1.150.3 ，相应的子网掩码是\n255.255.255.0,可通过本地 HMI 设定，位于 主菜单/配置/通信/TCP-IP\n配置/1:ETHFRNT.\n•\nIED 后面板口的默认 IP 地址为 192.168.1.10 ，相应的子网掩码是\n255.255.255.0,可通过本地 HMI 设定，位于 主菜单/配置/通信/TCP-IP\n配置/1:ETHLAN1 和 背端 OEM 端口 CD.\n前端口和后端口的 IP 地址不可属于同一个子网，否则通信失\n败。 如果前端口和后端口设为同一子网，建议改变前面板的 IP\n地址。\n建立个人电脑或工作站与 IED 前面板端口的点对点连接\n要求一个特殊网线连接两个物理以太网接口，无须集线器，路由器或交换\n机。 Tx 和 Rx 信号回路必须在电缆中交叉，以在另一侧连接 Tx 和 Rx，反之亦\n然。 这些网线被称为零调制解调器电缆或交叉电缆。 最大长度大约为 2 米。\n连接头类型为 RJ-45。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 3\n启动\n21\n调试手册\nIEC09000096-1-en.vsd\nPCM600\nTx\nTx\nRx\nRx\nRJ-45\nIED\nIEC09000096 V1 ZH\n图 2:\nIED 和 PCM600 之间的点对点连接使用零调制解调器电缆\n下面的说明适用于使用 Microsoft Windows 操作系统的标准个人电脑。 该例\n子是从有一个以太网接口的笔记本上获取的。\n需要有管理者权限来改变个人电脑的通信建立。 有些个人电脑\n可以自动检测，IED 发出的 Tx 信号是否接收到电脑的 Tx 管脚\n上。 因此可以使用直连（标准）以太网电缆。\n当一台电脑连接到 IED 上，定值 DHCP 服务器 设为 On(投入) 经由本地 HMI\n通道，位于 主菜单/配置/通信/TCP-IP 配置/1:ETHFRNT/DHCP 服务器，IED\n前面板端口的 DHCP 服务器为电脑分派一个 IP 地址。 必须配置电脑为自动获\n取其 IP 地址，如上所述。\n1.\n选择 网络连接 。\nIEC09000355 V1 ZH\n图 3:\n选择： 网络连接\n2.\n在数据窗口选择 属性 。\n章节 3\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n启动\n22\n调试手册\n=IEC09000356=1=zh=Original.vsd\nIEC09000356 V1 ZH\n图 4:\n点击局域网连接并选择“属性”\n3.\n从配置元件列表中选择 TCP/IP 协议，使用这个连接且单击 属性.\n=IEC09000357=1=zh=Original.vsd\nIEC09000357 V1 ZH\n图 5:\n选择 TCP/IP 协议，打开属性。\n4.\n选择 自动获取 IP 地址 若参数 DHCP 服务器 设为 On(投入) ,.\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 3\n启动\n23\n调试手册\n=IEC09000358=1=zh=Original.vsd\nIEC09000358 V1 ZH\n图 6:\n选择： 自动获得 IP 地址\n5.\n选择 使用如下 IP 地址 且定义 IP 地址 和 子网掩码 如果使用前端口，\n并且如果 IP 地址 并没有设为自动获取，见 图 7. IP 地址不能和 IED 的\nIP 地址一样。\n=IEC09000658=1=zh=Original.vsd\nIEC09000658 V1 ZH\n图 7:\n选择： 使用下面的 IP 地址\n6.\n关闭所有打开的窗口，启动 PCM600。\n通过网络建立个人电脑和 IED 之间的连接\n这个任务取决于使用的 LAN/WAN 网络。 个人电脑和 IED 必须属于同一子网。\n章节 3\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n启动\n24\n调试手册\n3.6 \n将应用配置写入继电器\n确保 IED 根据工程说明包含正确的应用配置。\n使用 PCM600 来创建应用配置，并导入 IED 中。 当需要把应用配置导入 IED\n时，在 PCM600 和 IED 之间建立连接。\n当将应用配置导入 IED 时，IED 自动设置为配置模式 当 IED 处于配置模式的\n时候，所有的功能都被锁定。 当 IED 处于配置模式的时候，红色发光二极管\n会闪光，绿色发光二极管也会点亮。 如果配置已经下载并完成，IED 会自动\n进入正常模式。\n当向 IED 写入应用配置时，根据需要，重启应用功能或整个 IED。\n确保在 IED 和 PCM600 中设置正确的技术码以防止应用配置写入\n了其他的 IED。\n关于如何创建或修改应用配置，以及如何写入 IED，参见工程手\n册。\n3.7 \n检查 CT 回路\n严格按照提供的连接图检查确认绕组的接线。\n在测试回路之前改正可能有的错误。\n•\n一次注入测试检查 CT 的电流变比和连接保护 IED 上的接线是否正确以及\n相序连接是否正确（比如，L1，L2，L3。）\n•\nCT 二次回路电阻的测量，用以确认 CT 二次回路直流电阻在规定范围以\n内，确认在 CT 的绕组或接线中没有高阻连点。\n•\n单个 CT 二次回路的接地检测以核实主 CT 的三相连接都只是通过一个电气\n点很好的和站内接地相连接。\n•\n绝缘电阻检查。\nCT 和 VT 的接头都是预先编码的，并且 CT 和 VT 的接头记号是\n不相同。 更多信息，参见安装手册。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 3\n启动\n25\n调试手册\n当绘制励磁特性曲线时，一次侧和二次侧都要和线路以及 IED\n断开连接。\n3.8 \n检查 VT 回路\n检查接线是否严格按照提供的接线图进行的。\n在测试回路之前更正 可能有的错误。\n对电路进行测试。\n•\n极性检查\n•\nVT 回路电压测量（一次侧注压测试）\n•\n接地检查\n•\n相位关系\n•\n绝缘电阻检查\n极性检测检查电路的完整性和电压相间关系。 该检查必须尽可能地接近 IED\n。\n一次侧注入测试可以检验 VT 变比和从主系统到 IED 的所有方式的接线。一次\n注入测试必须对每个相地，相间都进行测试， 在每种情形下，测量所有各相\n及中性点电压。\n3.9 \n检测 RTXP 试验开关\n设计 RTXP 试验开关用来为 IED 提供一种安全的测试方法. 这是由测试开关的\n机电设计和测试插头手柄来实现的。 当插入测试插头手柄时，首先它将闭锁\n跳闸回路和报警回路，然后将 CT 二次回路短路并使 VT 二次回路开路，使得\nIED 能够得到二次注入值。\n当将它拔出时，该测试手柄在拔出一半的位置时就被机构停止。 在该位置时，\n允许电流和电压保护，但跳闸回路和报警回路仍然是被隔离的。 在移走测试\n手柄之前，需检查在 IED 中没有跳闸和报警。\n直到测试手柄完全退出，此时跳闸和告警回路才恢复运行。\n通过拉动所有电缆来验证插座是否压接正确，他们是否完全插\n入。 不要在 CT 回路处在工作状态下这么做。\n章节 3\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n启动\n26\n调试手册\n电流回路\n1.\n检查连接是否属于电流回路类型。\n2.\n检查短路跳线是否处于正确的插槽内。\n电压回路\n1.\n检查连接是否属于电压回路类型。\n2.\n检查没有短路跳线位于专用于电压的插槽内。\n跳闸和告警回路\n1.\n检查使用的连接类型是否正确。\n3.10 \n检测开关量输入和输出电路\n3.10.1 \n开关量输入回路\n最好先将开关量输入接头从开关量输入卡断开。 再检查所有的连接信号，使\n得输入水平和极性与 IED 的规格保持一致。\n3.10.2 \n开关量输出回路\n最好从开关量输出卡上断开开关量输出的连接。检查所有连接信号以确保负荷\n和极性符合继电器 规格。\n3.11 \n检查光纤连接\n检查确认 Tx 和 Rx 的光纤接头连接正确。\n一个安装有光纤接头的 IED 对于塑料纤维电缆需要的最小深度\n是 180mm ，对于玻璃光纤电缆需要的最小深度是 275mm 。 从\n光缆的制造商那里检查允许的最小弯曲半径。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 3\n启动\n27\n调试手册\n28\n章节 4 \n建立连接并检验 IEC 61850 站级通信\n4.1 \n设置站内通信\n为了进行 IEC 61850 站内通信：\n•\nLHMI 上必须投用 IEC 61850-8-1 站内通信功能。 浏览 主菜单/配置/通\n信/站级通信/1:IEC61850-8-1 设置 投退模式 参数为 On(投入).\n•\n为了进行 GOOSE 通信 投退模式 参数（对应于 GOOSE 功能模块，\nGOOSEBINRCV 和 GOOSEINTLKRCV）在应用配置中需设为 On(投入) 。\n•\n为了通过前端进行 GOOSE 通信 GOOSE ， 主菜单/配置/通信/站级通信/\nIEC61850-8-1 必须设为 前端. 为了进行后端 GOOSE 通信，参数 GOOSE\n必须设为 LAN1.\n4.2 \n通信的检查\n连接你的 PC 至附近的交换机并 ping 相连的 IED 和变电站主 PC，以验证通\n信是否工作（到传输层）。\n验证到应用层通信的最好的方法是使用一个协议分析器，比如，连接至变电\n站 总线的 Ethereal，并监视通信。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 4\n建立连接并检验 IEC 61850 站级通信\n29\n调试手册\n30\n章节 5 \n测试 IED 动作\n5.1 \n准备对 IED 进行定值校验\n如果包含测试开关，开始准备的第一步就是对测试开关进行必要的连接。 也\n就是说根据特定设计的 IED 终端图连接测试装置。\n将 IED 投入测试模式以便激活单独功能的测试和防止其他功能的意外动作。\n这样就可以将 IED 与测试开关相连接。\n用户此时可以检查在注入特定 IED 要求的电压和电流后正确记录测量到的模拟\n量输入信号。\n为了使测试更有效，使用 PCM600。 PCM600 包括信号监视工具，用于读取各自\n的电流和电压的幅值和相角。 除此之外，PCM600 还包括事故处理工具。 用\n户可以确定事故处理工具生成的报告的内容，这会更有效。 比如，只记录带\n时间标记的事件而将模拟量信号排除在外等。\n可以检查事故报告来确保显示的正确。\n要了解测试功能、信号及参数名称，见 技术手册中. 故障录波的正确启动是\n通过设置功能为 启动 和/或释放或跳闸。 同样验证需要记录的模拟量和二进\n制信号是否得到。\n650 系列产品配置了为不同的功能而设立的 1-4 个独立的参数设置组。 这些\n参数组的目的是处理不同的电力系统负荷情况，以优化不同的电力系统条件下\n不同功能的参数设置（例如夏天/冬天/白昼/黑夜）。\n参数可以输入不同的设置组。 确认是对同一参数设置组进行的\n测试。 如果需要，必须对所有不同的定值组进行重复测试。\n测试第一个参数定值组和其余的参数组的区别是：对其余的参\n数组没必要再进行连接测试。\n注意测试期间必须对激活状态下参数定值组的实际参数，使用正确的测试方\n法。\n在本地 HMI 里，灵敏方向接地故障保护参数组 4 的激活是通过 * 后的 #4 来\n指示的，SDEPSDE 功能的测试必须根据定值 OpMode 和定值 3I03U0cosfi 的命\n令来执行.\n在测试开始之前完成设置和配置功能。 很多功能有很高的灵活性， 允许功能\n和跳闸模式选择。 多样的模式通过出厂来进行验证。 在一些情况下，当调试\n验证配置和定值时，只有运行中经常用到的模式才需要进行验证。\n功能测试。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 5\n测试 IED 动作\n31\n调试手册\n•\n计算的定值\n•\nIED 的有效配置图\n•\nIED 的有效终端图\n•\n技术手册\n•\n三相测试装置\n技术手册的内容。\n•\n应用和功能概要\n•\n功能模块\n•\n逻辑框图\n•\n输入输出信号\n•\n设定的参数列表\n•\n功能的技术数据\n测试装置应能提供三相电流和三相电压。 电流（及电压）的幅值和相角应能\n变化。 检查 IED 在启动测试对话之前是否已准备好测试。 当执行测试时，应\n参考功能的逻辑框图。\n测试的响应可通过几种不同方式观察。\n•\n二进制输出信号\n•\n本地 HMI 的运行值（逻辑信号或相量）\n•\n一台装有 PCM600(配置软件）的 PC 机，处于调试模式\n不要在改动保存之前断开 IED 的辅助电源，举例来说，整定参\n数的改动或本地/远方控制状态的更改要保存。\nIED 中有每段时间周期写入次数的限制机制，这可以防止闪存因过多的写入而\n磨损。 因此，它要占用一个小时来保存更改。 如果在改动之前辅助电源断电\n了，那么更改将会丢失。\n5.2 \n激活测试模式\n在测试之前将 IED 设定在测试模式。 测试模式会闭锁 IED 中的所有功能，需\n要测试的单个功能可以解锁以防止其他功能带来的误动。 这样就可以在不受\n快速保护功能干扰的情况下测试速度相对较慢的后备保护功能。 当黄色的 启\n动 LED 闪烁的时候表明系统正处于测试模式。\n操作步骤\n1.\n选择 主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE\n2.\n设置参数 测试模式 为 On(投入).\n3.\n保存改动。\n章节 5\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试 IED 动作\n32\n调试手册\n结果，黄色的 启动 LED 会作为提示而闪光，并保持闪光直到退出测试模\n式。\n5.3 \n与测试装置的连接准备\nIED 可以装备的测试开关类型有 RTXP8, RTXP18 或 RTXP24. 测试开关和它附\n带的测试 手柄(RTXH8, RTXH18 或 RTXH24) 是 COMBITEST 系统的一部分，为\nIED 的测试提供了安全和方便。\n当使用 COMBITEST 系统时，测试的准备工作可以按照正常的顺序自动展开（比\n如闭锁跳闸线路，CT 的短接，电压电路的开路，使 IED 终端能进行二次注入\n试验）。 测试开关 RTXP8, RTXP18 和 RTXP24 对应的 1 和 8 端子，1 和 18 端\n子，以及 1 和 12 端子是直接连接的，因为经它们向 IED 提供直流电源。\nRTXH 测试插柄可以与任何类型的测试装置或仪器相连接。 当很多同一类型的\n保护 IED 需要测试的时候，测试插头手柄只需要从一台保护 IED 的测试开关移\n动到另外一台保护 IED 的测试开关上，而不需要改变以前的连接。\n使用 COMBITEST 系统可防止手柄拔出时候的意外跳闸，手柄上的插锁会将手柄\n安全地停止在半程位置。 在这个位置上，所有的电流和电压都恢复并且任何\n电气暂态过程都会有机会在跳闸电路恢复前衰减。 在松开插锁后，手柄会从\n测试开关上完全拔出，使保护 IED 的跳闸电路恢复。\n如果不使用测试开关，则需要根据提供的电路图采取相应的安全措施。\n切忌在没有将电流互感器的二次侧线圈短接前使电流互感器的\n二次侧开路。 电流互感器在二次侧线圈开路的情况下运行会产\n生潜在巨大的电压升高从而可能造成互感器的损伤和人员伤害。\n5.4 \n连接测试装置至 IED\n根据 IED 特定的连接图将测试装置和测试的功能所需要的输入输出信号连接\n起来。 此示例的连接如图 8.\n连接电流和电压端口。 注意电流的极性。 要特别注意电流端子的输入和输出\n的正确连接以及零序电流端子的连接。 在逻辑图中检查被测功能的输入和输\n出逻辑信号是否和相应的被测 IED 的开关量输入和输出相连接。\n为了保证正确的结果，在测试之前要确认 IED 和测试装置正确\n接地 。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 5\n测试 IED 动作\n33\n调试手册\nIL1\nIL2\nIL3\nIN\nUL1\nUL2\nUL3\nN\nIL1\nIL2\nIL3\nUL1\nIN\nTRIP\nIED\nUL2\nUL3\nN\nUN\nIEC 61850\n=IEC09000643=1=zh=Original.vsd\n置装试测\nIEC09000643 V1 ZH\n图 8:\n当测试装置连接到变压器输入模块时，IED 与测试装置的连接示例\n5.5 \n解锁需要测试的功能\n用户可以对已开放/解锁功能的进行测试。 这一步是确保只有需要测试的功能\n是运行的，而其它的功能都被闭锁。 要解锁测试功能，需要设置相应的\nBlocked（闭锁） 参数为 No ，在本地人机界面的功能测试模式下。\n在测试一个功能的模块特性的时候，请记住不只是实际要使用的模块会被激\n活，实际上整个与之联系的功能都需被激活（从输入测量到二进制输出端\n口），包括逻辑等等。 在开始一个新的模块测试期间之前，用户一定要查看\n所有的功能以确保只有需要被测试功能（和与之相连接的功能）的参数 Blocked\n（闭锁） 和 EvDisable 分别设为 No 和 Yes 。 一个功能如果 BLOCK 输入信\n号被激活，相应功能模块也会被闭锁。 因此用户需要确定被测试功能的逻辑\n状态中的 BLOCK 输入信号是 0。 用户也可以单独闭锁事件模块以确保在测试\n的时候不会有事件被报告到远端站内。 这是通过设定参数 EvDisable 设为\nYes.\n当位于本地 HMI 中的 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式 菜单保\n持为 On(投入)，所有功能将被闭锁，也就是说，参数 Blocked\n（闭锁） 设为 Yes 且 测试模式 位于： 主菜单/测试状态/IED\n测试模式 下的参数测试模式仍然为激活。 在一个新的模块测\n试开始的时候，所有此前的功能都处于闭锁状态，即 测试模\n式 设为 On(投入)，有关参数需要重新设置。\n操作步骤\n1.\n点击 功能试验模式 菜单。\n章节 5\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试 IED 动作\n34\n调试手册\n功能测试模式菜单位于本地 HMI,位于 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式.\n2.\n浏览需要解锁的功能实例。\n3.\n设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 来选择功能为 No.\n5.6 \n检查模拟量的一次和二次测量\n必须验证接线是否正确以及模拟量信号的测量是否正确。 这是通过向 IED 注\n入电流和电压来实现的。\n根据实际硬件和 PCM600 中产生的逻辑配置确定需要的输入信\n号。\n1.\n输入一个额定大小的对称三相电流与电压。\n2.\n比较注入值和测量值。\n电压和电流相量都在 HMI 里面的菜单中,位于 主菜单/测量/一次模拟值\n和 主菜单/测量/二次模拟值.\n3.\n对比读出的频率与设定的频率，比较注入功率的方向与实际测量功率方\n向。\n频率与有功都位于本地 HMI 下 主菜单/测试状态/功能状态/监视/\nCVMMXN/1:CVMMXN/输出状态. 浏览清单底部的来找到频率。\n核对一次和二次模拟值，即也检查了接入 IED 的 CT 和 VT\n变比。\n对于一次模拟值的检查应反复进行。\n4.\n注入不对称的三相电流和电压，以验证各相正确连接。\n如果一些定值有偏差，则在以下菜单中检查模拟量输入,位于\n主菜单/配置/模拟量模块\n测量值如电流 和电压 以及有功，无功，视在功率，功率因素角，及正序、负\n序 和零 序电流和电压都可得到，通过 LHMI 中的 主菜单/测试状态/功能状\n态/监视.\n浏览包含数值检测的测量功能。\n表 1:\n测量功能\n功能\n数值\n说明\nCMMXU\nIL1 至 IL3\n幅度，范围及角度\nCMSQI\n3I0; I1 和 I2\n幅度，范围及角度\nCVMMXN\nS; P; Q; PF; Ilag（电流滞后电\n压）; Ilead（电流超前电压）;\nU; I 及 f\n幅度，范围及角度\n续下页\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 5\n测试 IED 动作\n35\n调试手册\n功能\n数值\n说明\nVMMXU\nUL12 to UL31 等 相-相\n幅度，范围及角度\nVMSQI\n3U0; U1 和 U2\n幅度，范围及角度\nVNMMXU\nUL1 to UL3 等 相-中性点\n幅度，范围及角度\n同时 PCM600 中的信号监视工具可用于读取测量值。 在很多情况下，使用\nPCM600 可以带来很多便利，测量值的报告可以由信号监视工具输出到其它工\n具（如 MS Excel）作进一步的分析。\n5.7 \n测试保护功能\n每种保护的功能必须通过二次注入试验来单独测试。\n•\n检测动作值（跳闸）和时间。\n•\n检测告警和闭锁信号。\n•\n通过使用 PCM600 中的故障处理工具来估算保护功能是否接收到正确的数\n据及响应是否正确（信号和时限）。\n•\n使用 PCM600 中的事件查看工具来检查只有期望事件发生时的情况。\n章节 5\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试 IED 动作\n36\n调试手册\n章节 6 \n测试功能\n6.1 \n测试故障录波\n6.1.1 \n引言\n故障报告功能包含以下几个子功能：\n•\n故障录波\n•\n事件列表\n•\n事件记录\n•\n跳闸值记录\n•\n信号指示\n如果故障报告 投入，那么子功能也将投入，因此不可能仅仅 退出这些子功\n能. 对事故报告功能的 退出 （可以设置参数 投退模式 = Off（退出）），\n它在 PCM600 或通过本地 HMI 的路径 主菜单/定值/IED 定值/监视/故障报告/\n1:DRPRDRE.\n6.1.2 \n故障报告设置\n当 IED 处于测试模式的时候，事故报告可以处于激活或是闭锁状态。 如果在\n测试模式下开启事故报告功能，就会产生报告。 在测试模式关闭后所有测试\n期间记录都会被清除。\n在测试模式中对故障录波的控制设置 动作模式测试 ，该运行模式设置位于本\n地 HMI，路径为 主菜单/设置/IED 设置/监视/故障报告/1:DRPRDRE.\n6.2 \n验证技术参考手册中需要测试的功能\n可以使用技术参考手册 来验证功能模块、逻辑图、输入和输出信号、参数设\n置和技术数据。\n6.3 \n测试差动保护功能\n6.3.1 \n变压器差动保护 T3WPDIF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n37\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 T3WPDIF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/差动/T3WPDIF(87T,Id)/1:T3WPDIF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.3.1.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n进入 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式/差动保护 ，确保限制性接地故障\n保护、低阻抗功能 REFPDIF 设为 Off（退出） ，四段式零序过流保护\nEF4PTOC 位于： 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式/电流保护 设为 Off\n（退出）,因为他们与变压器差动保护配置有同样的电流互感器输入, 确\n保变压器差动保护功能 T3WPDIF 或者 T2WPDIF 处于解锁运行状态。\n2.\n连接测试装备，以便将 3 相电流注入与 IED 适当的电流端子相连。\n3.\n增大 L1 的电流直到保护功能开始动作并记下动作电流。\n4.\n根据配置逻辑查验跳闸和警报接点的动作情况。\n5.\n慢慢的降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n根据电力变压器的向量组 (Yd 等)，单相注入电流与三相启动电流的 K\n值不同，见表 7. 这一参数 K 可能为下列值： 1,00 1,50 或 1,732.\n6.\n以同样的方法对 L2 和 L3 相测试.L2 和 L3 相 与  L1 相测试方法相同.\n7.\n注入三相对称电流并在功能跳闸时记录保护动作值。\n8.\n连接计时器，然后将电流值设置为先前记录的动作值的两倍。\n9.\n通入电流并记录下动作时间。\n10. 用同样的方法对与变压器低压侧 CT 相连接的输入电路和其他变压器差动\n保护的电流输入电路的差动功能进行查验。\n11. 最后检查事件记录菜单中是不是已经储存了跳闸信息。\n12. 如果测试装置允许，可以向 L1 相的基波电流中加入一个二次谐波电流含\n量达到 20%的电流（假设 I1/I2 变比参数的设置值是 15%）. 增大 L1 相\n电流，动作值应大于启动值。测试方法同步骤 6 6. 同样单独对 L2 相\n和 L3 相 进行测量。\n在测试过程中，参数 SOTFMode 必须设为 Off（退出）.\n差动区电流输入与输出的平衡，可以通过一次加电流测试来检查。\n可以采用同样的方法测试 5 次谐波闭锁功能， 注意：5 次谐波的闭锁水\n平初值比 I5/I1 定值高 10%。\n6.3.1.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/差动/T3WPDIF(87T,Id)/1:T3WPDIF。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n38\n调试手册\n6.3.2 \n单相高阻抗差动保护 HZPDIF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 HZPDIF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/差动/HZPDIF(87,IdN)/X:HZPDIF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示\n了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.3.2.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n连接单相或三相注入设备，注入动作电压。 从稳定电阻的一次侧注入。\n动作电压加在了可调的稳定电阻上，这样可以测得期望的\n值。 一个稍大的动作值不会对灵敏性有很大的影响。\n2.\n将跳闸触点连到测试设备,测量跳闸时间。\n3.\n增加电压，记录动作值 U>Trip. 这是通过手动测试完成的，并且没有接\n点控制注入设备停止输出。\n4.\n缓慢地降低电压，注意保护复归时的值。 该功能的复归值较高。\n5.\n注入一个电压值为 1.2• U>Trip ，检查动作时间。 记录测得的跳闸时\n间。\n6.\n如果有要求的话，对另一个电压值做相同的测试。 一般为 2• U>Trip 。\n7.\n测量动作值的告警水平。 增加电压，记录动作值 U>Alarm. 这是通过手\n动测试完成的，并且没有接点控制注入设备停止输出。\n8.\n计算告警输出的动作时间，将测试设备连接到 tAlarm. 注入电压 1.2•\nU>Alarm ，测量告警时间。\n9.\n检查告警和跳闸输出是否与配置逻辑一致。\n10. 最后，确保 start 和告警信息储存在事件菜单里，如果有信号接到 SA，\n确认是否只有所需的信号出现在本地 HMI 和 SCADA 系统里。\n关于如何使用事件菜单在操作手册中有介绍。\n6.3.2.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/差动/HZPDIF(87,IdN)/X:HZPDIF。 记得对于测试过的每\n个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n39\n调试手册\n6.3.3 \n发电机差动保护 GENPDIF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 GENPDIF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/差动/GENPDIF(87G,IdG)/1:GENPDIF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.3.3.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n进入 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式/差动保护 确保其他所有与发电机\n差动保护配置有同样的电流互感器输入的功能退出, 确保发电机差动保\n护解除闭锁。\n2.\n将三相电流注入测试设备与 IED 相连，即是与发电机的高压侧 CT 输入相\n连的。\n3.\n增大 L1 相 的电流直到保护功能开始动作并记下动作电流。\n4.\n根据配置逻辑查验跳闸和警报接点的动作情况。\n5.\n慢慢的降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n6.\n以同样的方法对 L2 和 L3 进行检查.\n7.\n注入三相对称电流并在功能跳闸时记录保护动作值。\n8.\n连接计时器，然后将电流值设置为先前记录的动作值的两倍。\n9.\n加入电流并注意动作时间\n10. 用同样的方法对与发电机中性点侧 CT 相连的测量电路进行检查。\n11. 最后检查事件菜单中是不是已经储存了跳闸信息。\n具体的关于怎样使用事件菜单的方法请参看 IED 操作手册。\n12. 如果测试装置允许，可以向 L1 相基频量加一个 20%的二次谐波电流(假\n定将 I1/I2 比率参数设为 15%）. 。增大 L1 相 电流，大于 启动 值，\n按照步骤 3 测量 3. 同样单独对 L2 相 和 L3 相 进行测量。\n5 次谐波制动功能可用同样的方式测试。\n差动单元电流输入与输出的平衡,可以通过典型的一次测试来检查。\n6.3.3.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/差动/GENPDIF(87G,IdG)/1:GENPDIF。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n40\n调试手册\n6.4 \n测试阻抗保护功能\n6.4.1 \n发电机和变压器的低阻抗保护\n逻辑信号的值用于 ZGPDIS 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/阻抗/ZGPDIS(21G,Z<)/1:ZGPDIS.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示\n了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.4.1.1 \n距离保护段 ZGPDIS\n在测试动作特性的时候保持电流是常数。 电流尽量与它的额定值相接近或是\n略低。 但是要确保它比最小动作电流高 30%。\n如果动作特性的测量是在电压为常数的情况下进行，确保 IED 的最大持续通\n过电流不超过额定值的 4 倍。\n查验姆欧特性需要至少测试两个点。\n6.4.1.2 \n相间故障\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n41\n调试手册\njX\nR\nOhm/相\n阻抗角\nZxRev\nP1\nP2\nP3\nP4\n圆心\nIEC09000173_1_en.vsd\nZxFwd\nIEC09000173 V1 ZH\n图 9:\n相间故障的推荐的四个测试点\n标签\n说明\nZxFwd\n区域 X 的正向正序阻抗设定（x 为 1-3）。\nZxRev\n区域 x 反向正序阻抗（x 为 1-3）\n阻抗角\n相间故障阻抗角，单位为度。\n表 2:\n相间故障的测试点\n测试点\nX\nR\nP1\nZxFwd · sin(阻抗角)\nZxFwd · cos(阻抗角)\nP2\n(ZxFwd-ZxRev)/2 · sin(阻抗角)\nZxFwd/2 · (1+cos(阻抗角)+ ZxRev/2 · (1-\ncos(阻抗角)\nP3\n(ZxFwd-ZxRev)/2 · sin(阻抗角)\n-ZxFwd/2 · (1-cos(阻抗角)-ZxRev/2 ·\n(1+cos(阻抗角)\nP4\n-ZxRev · sin(阻抗角)\n-ZxRev · cos(阻抗角)\n改变线电压的幅值和角度来取得测点 P1、P2 和 P3 的阻抗。 对于每个测试点，\n观察输出信号 START 和 STZx 是否被激活，其中 x 指的是实际测量相。 经过\n时间 tZx ，TRIP 合 TRx 也应该被激活。\n6.4.2 \n失磁保护 LEXPDIS\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n42\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 LEXPDIS 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/阻抗/LEXPDIS(40)/1:LEXPDIS.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示了\n和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.4.2.1 \n验证整定值\n该测试通过注入三相电流和三相电压来完成。 注入设备应能提供与设置阻抗\n相应的电压和电流值。\n1.\n向 IED 提供与视在阻抗相关的电流和电压：测试点 #1,如图 10. 读取模\n拟输出量 R 和 X ,检查该读数是否与注入阻抗相关。 不应激活任何启动\n和跳闸信号。\n2.\n向 IED 提供与视在阻抗相关的电流和电压： 测试点 #2,如图 10. 读取模\n拟输出量 R 和 X ,检查该读数是否与注入阻抗相关。 不应激活任何启动\n和跳闸信号。\n3.\n向 IED 提供与视在阻抗相关的电流和电压： 测试点#3,如图 10. 读取模\n拟输出量 R 和 X ,检查该读数是否与注入阻抗相关。  START 和 STZ2 信\n号应该被瞬时激活， TRIP 和 TRZ2 应该经过 tZ2 延时后激活.\n4.\n关闭电流注入。 功能复归。再次电流注入，其值为测试#3 中的值，测\n量信号 TRZ2 激活的时间。 这一时间应与 tZ2 比较.\n5.\n向 IED 提供与视在阻抗相关的电流和电压： 测试点 #4,如图 10. 读取模\n拟输出量 R 和 X ,检查该读数是否与注入阻抗相关。 START, STZ2 和\nSTZ1 信号应该被瞬时激活， TRIP, TRZ2 和 TRZ1 应该经过设定的延时\n后激活。\n6.\n关闭电流注入。 功能复归。 再次电流注入，其值为测试#4 中的值，测\n量信号 1 激活的时间。 这一时间应与 tZ1 相比较.\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n43\n调试手册\n=IEC06000513=2=zh=Orig\ninal.vsd\nR\nX\n低励磁保护闭锁区域\nZ1, 快速动作区\nZ2, 慢速动作区\nTest #1\nTest #2\nTest #3\nTest #4\nIEC06000513 V2 ZH\n图 10:\n与视在阻抗相关的测量电流和电压\n6.4.2.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/阻抗/LEXPDIS(40)/1:LEXPDIS。 记得对于测试过的每个\n独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.4.3 \n失步保护\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 OOSPPAM 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/阻抗/OOSPPAM(78)/1:OOSPPAM.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示了\n和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n44\n调试手册\n6.4.3.1 \n验证整定值\n当所有定值确定后，调试工作需要进行一次计算。 该过程在失步保护的 设置\n参数指南  中有具体介绍。\n假定电压、电流和阻抗 ForwardR, ForwardX, ReverseR 和 ReverseX 的值与\n失步保护中的 图 6 所示的例子中设置的值是相同的，在 设置参数指南  中\n有具体介绍。\n1.\n计算与测量电抗 ForwardX 相对应的基频电流幅值，见 图 11.\nI A\nU\nForwardX\nI A\nkV\nOhm\nI A\ngen\n[ ] =\n[ ] =\n[ ] =\n/\n/\n.\n/\n/ .\n3\n13 8\n3 0 565\n14107\nIECEQUATION2321 V1 ZH\n(等式 1)\n2.\n三相对称基频电压应送到 IED 中，幅值折算比例为 Ugen / √(3)，即考虑\nIED 内的实际 PT 变比。 如果三相对称基频电流折算为 I = 14107 A，即\n考虑了 CT 变比，并且他们都滞后于相电压 90 度，OOSPPAM 功能必须计\n算 ForwardX，即 Zbase 的 58.38%,即 0.565Ohm。 这一电抗是恒定并且不\n变的，见 图中的 A 点。 11. 需要产生电压和电流信号，例如 Omicron。\n50Hz 或者 60Hz 的基频电压（瞬时值）如下文所述， 50Hz 基频示例：\nu\nU\nt\nL\nphase\n1\n2\n2\n50 0\n=\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n(\n)\nsin\n.\nπ\nIECEQUATION2328 V1 ZH\n(等式 2)\nu\nU\nt\nL\nphase\n2\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n3\n=\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n−\n⋅\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2329 V1 ZH\n(等式 3)\nu\nU\nt\nL\nphase\n3\n2\n2\n50 0\n4\n3\n=\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n−\n⋅\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2330 V1 ZH\n(等式 4)\n其中： Uphase = Ugen / √(3) = 13800 V / √(3) = 7967.4 Volts. 该\n相电压的初始值要考虑实际 PT 变比，才可计算得到二次输入电压的实际\n值。\n三相对称电流如下：\ni\nI\nt\nL1\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n=\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2325 V1 ZH\n(等式 5)\ni\nI\nt\nL2\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n2\n3\n=\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n−\n⋅\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\n/\nπ\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2326 V1 ZH\n(等式 6)\ni\nI\nt\nL3\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n4\n3\n=\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n−\n⋅\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\n/\nπ\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2327 V1 ZH\n(等式 7)\n其中： I = Ugen / √(3) / ForwardX =14107 A. 初始的电流值要考虑实\n际 PT 变比，才可计算得到二次输入电流的实际值。\n期望结果： 计算电抗 X = ForwardX = 58.38 %的 Zbase,即 0.565\nOhm. 跳闸信号保持 FALSE (0)。\n3.\n在调试过程的最后一步，除了上述的基频电流，还需注入另一电流分量，\n即额定频率± 1.000 Hz。 对于额定频率 50Hz,为 49. 000 Hz 和\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n45\n调试手册\n51.000 Hz。 这一附加电流分量幅值为电流 I 的 0.9 倍，如果对称附加电\n流频率为 49.000 Hz，阻抗轨迹的详细描述在 图 11. 综合阻抗 Z(R, X)\n的轨迹从右向左，如 图 11. 布尔输出信号 MOT 必须设为 TRUE（1）,如\n图 12. 如果 X 按某种方式设定，那么区域 2 从变压器高压侧终端开始，\n如 图 11，然后所有的失步都出现在区域 2，这可视为布尔输出 TRIPZ2,\n这一输出量周期性地设为 TRUE(1),然后复位为 FALSE(0)。 在这一测试\n中，跳闸输入必须设为 TRUE（1）。 如果附加电流为 51.000 Hz, 综合阻\n抗 Z(R, X)轨迹为从左向右，布尔输出信号 GENMODE 必须设为 TRUE\n（1）。 剩下的信号要在 49 Hz 测试之下。\n如果信号发生器(例如 Omicron) 为上述的调试测试编制信号，那么电流\n为（电压保持为第 2 步的值）：\n电流（瞬时值）有两个分量，其中一个为基频量，即 50 Hz 或者 60 Hz,\n50Hz 基频示例：\ni\nI\nt\nI\nt\nL1\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n2 0 9\n2\n49 0\n2\n=\n⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n(\n) +\n⋅\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n(\n)\nsin\n.\n/\n.\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nπ\nπ\nIECEQUATION2322 V1 ZH\n(等式 8)\ni\nI\nt\nI\nt\nL2\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n2\n3\n2 0 9\n2\n49 0\n2\n=\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n− ⋅\n(\n) +\n⋅\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n−\nsin\n.\n/\n/\n.\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nπ\nπ\nπ\n2\n3\n⋅\n(\n)\nπ /\nIECEQUATION2323 V1 ZH\n(等式 9)\ni\nI\nt\nI\nt\nL3\n2\n2\n50 0\n2\n4\n3\n2 0 9\n2\n49 0\n2\n=\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n−\n⋅\n(\n) +\n⋅\n⋅ ⋅\n⋅\n⋅ −\n−\nsin\n.\n/\n/\n.\nsin\n.\n/\nπ\nπ\nπ\nπ\nπ\n4\n3\n⋅\n(\n)\nπ /\nIECEQUATION2324 V1 ZH\n(等式 10)\n其中： I = Ugen / √(3) / ForwardX =14107 A. 初始的电流值要考虑实\n际 CT 变比，才可计算得到二次输入电流的实际值。\n期望结果： 如 图 12 49Hz 的测试。 区域 2 中周期性的跳闸命令，周期\n为 1Hz。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n46\n调试手册\n=IEC10000141=1=zh=Or\niginal.vsd\n-0.8\n-0.6\n-0.4\n-0.2\n0\n0.2\n0.4\n0.6\n0.8\n1\n-0.6\n-0.4\n-0.2\n0\n0.2\n0.4\n0.6\n0.8\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n阻抗Z 的实部(R)单位： Ohms\n阻抗Z的虚部(X)单位： Ohms\n^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n-\n阻抗轨迹\nZ(R, X)\nR\n阻抗Z(R, X)的轨迹，对应:\nI = I(50Hz) + I(49Hz).\nI(50Hz) 决定 A点位置;\nI(49Hz)使阻抗 Z(R, X)旋转\nSE\nZone 1\n阻抗Z(R, X)的轨迹，对应\nI = I(50Hz) + I(51Hz)\n是相同的，但旋转方向\n是相反的\nOOS 继电器\nZtr\n棱镜 ®\n120°\nX-直线®\n决定于\n定值\nZ1\n的边界\nRE\nA = 正方向X ®\nZone 2\nZone 1\nX\n \nIEC10000141 V1 ZH\n图 11:\n注入电流由两个分量的阻抗轨迹： 50Hz 分量和 49Hz 分量\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n47\n调试手册\n=IEC10000142=1=zh=Or\niginal.vsd\n0\n1\n2\nCOMMON TRIP COMMAND  (总跳闸命令)\n-1\n0\n1\nTRIPZ1 (Zone1跳闸)\n0\n1\n2\nTRIPZ2  (Zone2跳闸)\n0\n1\n2\nSTART  (启动)\n0\n1\n2\nGENMODE (发电机模式)\n0\n0.5\n1\n1.5\n2\n2.5\n3\n3.5\n4\n4.5\n5\n-1\n0\n1\n时间，秒s\n®\nMOTMODE (电动机模式)\n \nIEC10000142 V1 ZH\n图 12:\n注入电流有两个分量的布尔输出信号： 50Hz 分量和 49Hz 分量\n6.4.4 \n负荷入侵 LEPDIS\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n用于 LEPDIS 的逻辑信号的值在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/阻抗/LEPDIS/1:LEPDIS.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示了和本地\n人机界面相同的信号。\n选相元件的运行基于与阻抗区测量相同的测量原理进行。 在进行二次注入测\n试的时候，也需要遵循与距离保护同样的原则。\n动作特性的测量要在电流恒定的情况下进行。 保持电流尽量与它的额定值相\n接近或是略低。 但是要确保它比最小动作电流高 30%。\n如果动作特性的测量是在电压为常数的情况下进行，确保 IED 的最大持续通\n过电流不超过额定值的 4 倍。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n48\n调试手册\n6.4.4.1 \n测量整定值的动作限值\n负荷侵入功能自己没有输出。 它只可以和阻抗功能一起检验。\n1.\n让 IED 处于正常状态达至少 2s。\n2.\n使 IED 处于故障状态并缓慢减少测量阻抗，以测量相-地 和相-相的动作\n值。\n6.4.4.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/阻抗/LEPDIS/1:LEPDIS。 记得对于测试过的每个独立的\n功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5 \n测试电流保护功能\n6.5.1 \n4 段相过流保护 OC4PTOC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 OC4PTOC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/OC4PTOC(51_67,4I>)/1:OC4PTOC.在 PCM600 中的信号\n监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.1.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n将 IED 装置与注入电流的测试设备适当的连接。\n如果 IED 装置已配置的逻辑用来启用/闭锁四段中任何一段的过电流保\n护，此时要确保需要测试的那一段可用，例如，末端故障保护。\n将对称的三相电流输入到终端的 L1, L2 和 L3 相.\n2.\n把给 IED 装置输入电压的测试设备和 IED 装置的终端 L1, L2 和 L3 相连\n接起来. 输入到保护装置的必须是对称的三相电压。\n3.\n将输入的极化电压设置的比设定的最小的极化电压大一点（默认值为%5\nUBase）如果选定的是超前方向性过流功能，此时需将输入电流设定的比\n输入电压滞后大约 55° 如果选择方向性功能。\n如果 电流的动作方式选择的是 1of 3： L1 相的电压角为参考值。\n则 L1 相 的电压相角就是参考相角。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n49\n调试手册\n如果选择的是反向功能，则设置注入电流滞后极化电压 235° （等于\n55° + 180°).\n4.\n逐步增大注入电流，注意 IED 装置被测试的过流段保护的动作值。\n5.\n慢慢的降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n6.\n如果用户是通过向 L1 相注入电流，则也要对 L2 和 L3 重复这一测试过\n程，即将合适的测试电流注入到保护装置的 L2 相 和 L3 相,将极化电压\n分别注入到保护装置的 L2 相 L3 相 (电流的动作方式选择的是 1 out\nof 3）。\n7.\n如果保护测试的是向 L1-L2 相注入电流，则也要重复这一测试过程，即\n将合适的测试电流注入到保护装置的 L2-L3 相 和 L3 – L1 相 。\n8.\n当测试低过流段的电流时，需要闭锁高过流阶段的保护，可以参考以下\n的内容。\n9.\n将跳闸输出触点和计时器连接起来。\n10. 将测试段的注入电流设置为动作电流的 200%，打开电流并核实延时时间。\n对反时限时间曲线来说，核对输入电流为动作电流的 110%时的动作时间\ntxMin.\n11. 核实所有的跳闸和 启动  触点是否正确动作，根据 IED 装置的配置（信\n号矩阵工具）\n12. 改变注入电流的方向，验证保护是否动作。\n13. 重复以上描述的这些测试步骤，核实保护在高定值阶段的动作情况。\n14. 最后，确保 启动  和跳闸信号已存储在事件菜单。\n检验不带方向的相过电流功能。 这也是按照以上所述的原\n则进行的，此时不需要输入极化电压。\n6.5.1.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/OC4PTOC(51_67,4I>)/1:OC4PTOC。 记得对于测\n试过的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.2 \n4 段零序过电流保护 EF4PTOC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 EF4PTOC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/EF4PTOC(51N67N,4IN>)/X:EF4PTOC.在 PCM600 中的信\n号监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.2.1 \n4 段式零序方向过流保护\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n50\n调试手册\n1.\n把给 IED 装置注入单相电流的测试设备和 IED 端子相连。\n把输入的电流和终端 L1 相 及中性点连接起来，或者和终端 N 及中性点\n连接起来。\n2.\n将注入的极化电压设置得比设定得比最小的极化电压大一点（默认值为\nUr 的 1%)并且如果选定的正方向保护功能，需要将注入电流设定得比电\n压滞后一定角度，该角度等于参考特性角(AngleRCA)。\n如果选择的是反方向性功能保护，此时需将输入电流设定的比极化电压\n滞后一定的角度，这个角度等于 180°+AngleRCA。\n3.\n逐步增大注入电流，注意 IED 装置被测试段的电流何时动作。\n4.\n慢慢地降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n5.\n如果用户是通过向 L1 相注入电流，则也要重复这一测试过程，即将合适\n的测试电流注入到保护装置的 L2 相 和 L3 相 其中极化电压分别连接至\n终端 L2 相 和 L3 相.\n6.\n当测试高过流段的电流时，需要闭锁低过流阶段的保护，可以参考以下\n的内容。\n7.\n将跳闸输出触点和计时器连接起来。\n8.\n将测试段的注入电流设置为动作电流的 200%，打开电流并测量延时时间。\n对反时限时间曲线来说，核对输入电流为动作电流的 110%时的动作时间\ntxMin.\n9.\n核实所有的跳闸和 启动 触点是否正确动作，根据 IED 装置的配置（信\n号矩阵工具）\n10. 改变注入电流的方向，验证保护是否动作。\n11. 确认当极化电压为 0 时，保护装置不动作。\n12. 重复以上描述的这些测试步骤，核实保护在高定值阶段的动作情况。\n13. 最后，确保 启动  和跳闸信号已存储在事件菜单中。\n6.5.2.2 \n4 段式不带方向的零序过流保护\n1.\n请参见  \"4 段式零序方向过流保护\"，此时不需要输入极化电压。\n6.5.2.3 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/EF4PTOC(51N67N,4IN>)/X:EF4PTOC。 记得对于\n测试过的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.3 \n灵敏的零序方向过流保护 SDEPSDE\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n51\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 SDEPSDE 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/SDEPSDE(67N,IN<->)/1:SDEPSDE.在 PCM600 中的信号\n监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n图 8 表示测试灵敏的零序方向过流保护测试装置和 IED 装置的连接原理图。\n注意观察，极化电压等于-3U0.\n6.5.3.1 \n测量整定值的动作和时间限值\n动作模式为 3I0 · cosφ\n操作步骤\n1.\n设置极化电压为 1.2 · UNREL> 电压和电流之间的相角设置为特性角\n(RCADir)，电流滞后电压。\n要考虑 RCAComp 设置，如果不等于 0.\n2.\n测量带方向性过流元件的动作电流是否等于 INcosPhiPU 。\nI Dir (I0 cos(Angle))功能激活 START（启动） 和 STDIRIN 输出信号。\n3.\n测量 j  = RCADir +/- 45°是否成立，当 I0 cos (RCADir - j) =\nI0cos(+/-45) = INcosPhiPU.\n4.\n将测得的结果和设定的定值进行比较。\n考虑以下情况，见图 13 和图 14.\n5.\n将输入电流设置为 INcosPhiPU 的两倍，极化电压设置为 1.2 ·\nUNREL>.\n( )\n/ 3 0\ntest cos\nTinv\nkSN Sref\nI\nj\n=\n×\n×\nIECEQUATION2402 V1 ZH\n(等式 11)\n6.\n将测得的结果和设定的定值进行比较。\n设定的定值取决于是选择定时限还是反时限。\n7.\n将极化电压设置为 0，逐步增大极化电压，直到输出信号 UNREL 被激\n活， 当 IED 为在线模式，可通过 PCM600 中的应用配置工具进行观察。\n将测得的结果和设定的定值 UNREL>.\n8.\n继续测试另外一个功能，或者将测试模式改变为 Off（退出），完成整\n个测试。.\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n52\n调试手册\n动作区\nROADir\nIEC06000650_2_en.vsd\n=\n0o\nRCADir\n0\n3I\nj\n3 0\n×\nj\nI\ncos\n-\n0 =\n3\nref\nU\nU\n（动作角）\n(灵敏角）\nIEC06000650 V2 ZH\n图 13:\n受到 ROADir 限制的特性曲线\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n53\n调试手册\n-3U0=Uref\n动作区\n互感器相角误差\n3I0 (prim)\n3I0 (to prot)\na\n相角补偿后的特性\nRCAcomp\nen06000651.vsd\nRCADir = 0º\n（灵敏补偿角）\nIEC06000651 V2 ZH\n图 14:\nRCAcomp 的说明\n \n动作模式为 3I0 · 3U0 · cosφ\n1.\n设置极化电压为 1.2 · UNREL> 电压和电流之间的相角设置为特性角\n(RCADir)，电流滞后电压。\n2.\n测量带方向性过流元件的功率是否等于 SN_PU 已设定好的值。\n注意 为了使保护正确启动，注入电流和注入电压必须比 INRelPU 和\nUNREL> 要大。\n此功能激活 START（启动） 和 STDIRIN 输出。\n3.\n测量 j = RCADir = RCADir +/- 45°是否成立，当 I0 · 3U0 · cos\n(RCADir - j) = 3I0 · 3U0 · cos(+/-45) = SN_PU.\n4.\n将测得的结果和设定的定值进行比较。 考虑定值特性，见图 13 和图\n14.\n5.\n将输入电流设置为 SN>的两倍，极化电压设置为 1.2 · UNREL> 此时测\n量保护动作时时间延时 SN_PU 进行比较。\n( )\n0\n0\n/ 3\n3\ncos\ntest\ntest\nTinv\nkSN Sref\nI\nU\nj\n=\n×\n×\n×\nIECEQUATION2403 V1 ZH\n(等式 12)\n6.\n将测得的结果和设定的期望值进行比较。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n54\n调试手册\n期望值取决于是选择定时限还是反时限。\n7.\n继续测试另外一个功能，或者将测试模式改变为 Off（退出），完成整\n个测试。.\n动作模式为 3I0 和 φ\n1.\n设置极化电压为 1.2 · UNREL> 电压和电流之间的相角设置为特性角\n(RCADir)，电流滞后电压。\n2.\n测量带方向性过流元件的功率是否等于 INRelPU 已设定好的值。\n为了观察保护动作情况，注入电流和注入电压必须比\nINRelPU 和 UNREL> 要大。\n保护功能激活 START（启动） 和 STDIRIN 输出。\n3.\n测量 j 与 RCADir +/- ROADir 的值是否接近。\n4.\n将测得的结果和设定的定值进行比较，请参照图 15 的特性示例。\n5.\n将输入电流设置为 SN_PU 的两倍，测量动作时间。\n( )\n0\n0\n/ 3\n3\ncos\ntest\ntest\nTinv\nkSN Sref\nI\nU\nj\n=\n×\n×\n×\nIECEQUATION2403 V1 ZH\n(等式 13)\n6.\n将测得的结果和设定的期望值进行比较。\n期望值取决于是选择定时限还是反时限。\n7.\n继续测试另外一个功能，或者将测试模式改变为 Off（退出），完成整\n个测试。.\n-3U0\n80\n80\n动作区\n3I0\nen06000652.vsd\nRCADir = 0º\nROADir = 80º\n（灵敏角）\n（动作角）\nIEC06000652 V2 ZH\n图 15:\n特性图\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n55\n调试手册\n不带方向性的 接地 故障过流保护\n操作步骤\n1.\n测量动作电流，看是否等于 INNonDirPU 。\n保护功能动作时激活 START（启动） 和 STDIRIN 输出。\n2.\n将输入电流设置为 INNonDirPU 进行比较。\n3.\n将测得的结果和设定的期望值进行比较。\n期望值取决于保护是选择定时限 tINNonDir 还是选择反实现。\n4.\n继续测试另外一个功能，或者将测试模式改变为 Off（退出），完成整\n个测试。.\n零序过压释放和保护\n操作步骤\n1.\n测量动作电压，看是否等于 UN> 。\n保护功能动作时激活 START（启动） 和 STUN 信号。\n2.\n将输入电流设置为已设置好的 1.2 倍的 UN> 的两倍，测量动作时间。\n3.\n将测试到的值和 tUN 的两倍，测量动作时间。\n4.\n为变压器 1 注入电压 0.8 · UNREL> 保证输入电流足够大，在功角确定\n的情形下，使方向性功能动作。\n5.\n逐步增加电压，直到释放方向性功能。\n6.\n将测量得到的值和保护设定的动作值 UNREL> 的两倍，测量动作时间。\n6.5.3.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/SDEPSDE(67N,IN<->)/1:SDEPSDE。 记得对于测\n试过的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.4 \n带 2 个时间常数的热过负荷保护 TRPTTR\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 TRPTTR 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/TRPTTR(49,T>)/X:TRPTTR.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.4.1 \n校验保护的动作值和复归值\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n56\n调试手册\n1.\n将对称三相电流连接到 IED 的电流端子.\n2.\n设置时间常数 1（Tau1) 和时间常数 2 (Tau2)暂时为 1 分钟。\n3.\n将输入的三相电流的值稍稍小于设定的第一阶段动作电流的值 IBase1，\n逐步增大 L1 相的电流，直到 IBase1 动作，记录此时保护动作的值。\n注意 IED 电流回路允许的最大过负荷电流。\n \n4.\n缓慢降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n按照相同的方法来检查 L2 和 L3 相的第一阶段的动作电流和复归电流\nIBase1 对于 L2 相 和 L3 相.\n5.\n激活数字输入量来改变冷却器时间常数，使装置转换到第二阶段保护，\n它的基准电流为 IBase2.\n6.\n对 IBase2 检验所有的三相动作电流和复归电流，采用的方法与上述测\n试 IBase1 的相同\n7.\n使 IBase2 阶段数字输入信号无效.\n8.\n设定与 IBase1 匹配的时间常数，使其和用户设定定值的方案对应。\n9.\n设置输入电流的值，使 L1 相 电流为 1.50 * IBase1.\n10. 把跳闸输出触点和计时器连接起来，监视输出触点 Alarm1 和 Alarm2 信\n号和测试装置的数字输入信号连接在一起。\n从本地人机界面读取过热保护的热容量且直到容量为 0。\n11. 合上输入电流的开关，确认 Alarm1 和 Alarm2 触点是按照已设定的百分\n比来动作的，并且，要确保跳闸的动作时间要和已设定的第一个时间常\n数相对应(Tau1).\n设置 Itr = 101%IBase1 且注入电流 1.50 x IBase1，此时跳闸时间应为\n0.60 x Time Constant 1 (Tau1).\n12. 确认跳闸和告警触点是否按照已配置好的逻辑一起动作。\n13. 断开输入电流的开关，从运行菜单来读取热过负荷的状态和闭锁情况，\n校验热含量占多大的百分比时装置闭锁复归。\n14. 激活数字输入量来改变输入信号，使装置转换到第二阶段保护，它的基\n准电流为 IBase2.\n等待 5 分钟，使热记忆为 0，设置第二个时间常数(Tau2)，使其和用户设\n定定值的方案相对应。\n15. 将输入电流设置为 1.50 x IBase2 ，来测试热报警定值，跳闸的动作时\n间和闭锁复位，测试的方法和上述测试 IBase1 的方法相同.\n16. 最后，确保 启动 和跳闸信号已存储在事件菜单中。\n6.5.4.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/TRPTTR(49,T>)/X:TRPTTR。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n57\n调试手册\n6.5.5 \n断路器失灵保护 CCRBRF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 CCRBRF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/CCRBRF(50BF)/1:CCRBRF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n断路器失灵保护 CCRBRF 在测试的时候通常应该和其他功能联用，这些功能只\n用来提供一个启动信号。 也可以使用一个外部 START（启动）信号来实现该\n功能。\n通过最常见的后备跳闸模式中验证定值，如 3 取 1 模式,该模式用相-地故障。\n在模式 4 取 2 下，相电流 IP> 设定的值应该通过单相注入电流来检验，返回\n的电流应该连接到和电流输入端子上。 检验零序 接地 电流 IN（定值）比\nIP> 小最简单的方法是将后备跳闸模式设置为 4 取 1.\n6.5.5.1 \n检验相电流动作值， IP>\n检验 IP> 其中设置 功能模式=电流保护 且设定 BuTripMode=3 取 1  或者 4\n取 2 设置路径为主菜单/设置/IED 设置/电流保护/CCRBRF(50BF)/1:CCRBRF.\n1.\n模拟故障条件，包含某功能对 START（启动）CCRBRF 的启动信号，并且\n使得电流低于设定值 IP>.\n2.\n重复同样的故障类型，逐步增大电流，直到跳闸信号产生。\n3.\n将测试到的值和 IP>进行比较.\n4.\n断开 交流电 以及 START（启动） 输入信号。\n注意！ 如果有设置 NoI>check 或者 Retrip off 其中一\n个，此时，只有后备保护跳闸才能检验 IP>.\n6.5.5.2 \n检验零序电流动作时的值 IN> 小于 IP>\n检验低电流 IN> 设置的值，将 功能模式 = 电流保护 且设定 BuTripMode =\n4 取 1 设置路径为主菜单/设置/IED 设置/电流保护/CCRBRF(50BF)/1:CCRBRF.\n1.\n模拟一个故障状态，包含一个功能输出的 启动信号 到 CCRBRF，故障状\n态为电流低于设定值 IN>Pickup_N.\n2.\n重复同样的故障类型，逐步增大电流，直到跳闸信号出现。\n3.\n将测试到的值和 IN>进行比较.\n4.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n58\n调试手册\n6.5.5.3 \n检验重跳和后备保护跳闸的时间\n检验 IED 装置设置的时间可以将 IED 装置和检验以上定值的设备连接起来。\n选择可用的功能和跳闸模式，例如 功能模式 = 电流保护 且设定 重跳模式\n= No CBPos. 核查的设置路径为主菜单/设置/IED 设置/电流保护/\nCCRBRF(50BF)/1:CCRBRF.\n1.\n模拟一故障状态，并且包含一功能输出的启动 启动失灵信号到 CCRBRF，\n使输入电流远大于设置的电流值。 测量时间，该时间从 启动 CCRBRF 开\n始计时.\n2.\n检验重跳的时间 t1 和后备保护跳闸的时间 t2.\n3.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n6.5.5.4 \n验证重跳模式\n以下所选择的模式，与 IED 装置运行时实际的情形对应。\n以下的情形，假定选择了 功能模式 = 电流保护 设置路径为主菜单/设置/装\n置定值/电流保护/CCRBRF(50BF)/1:CCRBRF.\n验证没有重复跳闸， 重跳模式 = 重跳 退出\n1.\n设置 重跳模式 = 重跳 退出.\n2.\n模拟故障条件，包含功能的输出的启动 信号到 CCRBRF，使输入电流远大\n于设置的电流值。\n3.\n确保保护跳闸后经过设定的时间，没有重复跳闸，但是后备保护跳闸。\n4.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n带电流检测下的重跳检测 重跳模式 = 检查断路器位置\n1.\n设置 重跳模式 = 检查断路器位置.\n2.\n模拟一故障状态，并且包含一功能输出的启动 信号到 CCRBRF，使输入电\n流远大于设置的电流值。\n3.\n确认经过设定的时间 t1 后重跳闸 以及经过时间 t2 后后备跳闸\n4.\n模拟一故障状态，并且包含一功能输出的启动 到 CCRBRF，使电流低于整\n定值。\n5.\n确认没有重复跳闸，没有后备保护跳闸出现。\n6.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n不带电流检测下的重跳检测， 重跳模式 = No CBPos Check\n1.\n设置 重跳模式 = No CBPos Check.\n2.\n应用故障条件，包含功能的启动 ，即 CCRBRF 启动信号，, 不带任何电\n流.\n3.\n确认经过设定的时间 t1 后的重跳闸以及经过时间 t2 后的无后备跳闸.\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n59\n调试手册\n4.\n应用故障条件，包含功能的启动 ，即 CCRBRF 启动信号，使电流低于整\n定值。\n5.\n确认经过设定的时间 t1 后有重跳但是没有出现后备保护跳闸。\n6.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n6.5.5.5 \n验证后备跳闸模式\n以下的情形，假定选择了 功能模式 = 电流保护 时可以完成此项任务。\n断路器正常情况下跳闸时，确认 IED 装置没有出现后备保护跳闸\nIED 装置设置为实际的跳闸模式。 以下情形应用在电流检测情况下的重复跳\n闸。\n1.\n模拟故障条件，包含功能的启动 ，即对于 CCRBRF 的启动信号，并且相\n电流超过整定值 IP.\n2.\n设置在后备跳闸 t2 之前对电流的关断， t2 后后备跳闸. 这样只可能有\n和重复跳闸命令。\n3.\n确认 IED 装置出现重复跳闸，但是没有出现后备保护跳闸。\n4.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n正常模式 BuTripMode = 3 取 1 应在以上测试中检验。 也可以检验 4 取 1\n和 4 取 2 。 以下所选择的模式，与 IED 装置运行时实际的情形对应。\n检验 BuTripMode = 4 取 1\n假设 接地 电流整定值 IN> 小于相电流 IP>.\n1.\n设置 BuTripMode = 4 取 1.\n2.\n模拟故障条件，包含功能的启动 ，即对于 CCRBRF 的启动失灵信号，并\n且单相电流低于 IP> 但是大于 IN>. 零序 接地 电流应该高于设定值\nIN>.\n3.\n确认经过设定的时间后后备保护跳闸。 如果重复跳闸也选上，重复跳闸\n信号也会出现。\n4.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n检验 BuTripMode = 4 取 2\n该 接地 电流整定值 IN> 设定的值等于或者小于相电流 IP>.\n1.\n设置 BuTripMode = 4 取 2.\n2.\n模拟故障条件，包含 CCRBRF 功能的启动 ，，并且单相电流整定高于\nIP> 以及零序电流（接地 故障）设定高于 IN>. 可通过使用单相电流来\n得到。\n3.\n确认经过设定的时间后后备保护跳闸。 如果重复跳闸也选上，重复跳闸\n信号也会出现。\n4.\n模拟故障条件，包含 CCRBRF 功能的启动 ，，并且至少单相电流低于\nIP> 以及零序电流（接地 故障）设定高于 IN>. 这个电流可以这样实\n现，即输入三相（或两相）电流，它们的相角相等(I0-component)，使\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n60\n调试手册\n这个电流低于 IP>设定的值，但是零序（接地 故障）电流(3I0)将要高于\n设定值 IN>.\n5.\n确认后备保护跳闸没有触发。\n6.\n断开交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n6.5.5.6 \n验证 重跳模式 = 接点\n假定选择为不带电流检测的重跳模式， 重跳模式 = 接点.\n1.\n设置 功能模式 = 接点\n2.\n设定 CB 的输入信号给输入量 CBCLDL1 (2 或 3）CBCLD 为合位\n3.\n设定输入信号， 用于 CCRBRF 功能的启动 ，. 电流的定值应较小。\n4.\n确认保护经过设定的时间，选相的重复跳闸和后备保护跳闸被激活。\n5.\n断开 启动 信号. 保持断路器合闸信号.\n6.\n设定输入信号， 用于 CCRBRF 功能的启动 ,. 电流的定值应较小。\n7.\n在设定的后备保护跳闸时间 t2 之前，对闭合的断路器进行分闸.\n8.\n确认后备保护跳闸没有触发。\n9.\n断开注入的交流电和输入信号 启动 之间的连接。\n6.5.5.7 \n验证功能模式 电流&接点\n仅当选择功能模式 功能模式 = 电流&接点 时可以完成此项任务。\n确认故障电流大于 IP>\n应该在设定 功能模式 = 电流保护.\n1.\n设置 功能模式 = 电流&接点.\n2.\n不触发 断路器 合闸这个输入信号。 使这个输入信号对 IED 装置的检验\n不产生影响。\n3.\n模拟故障条件，包含 CCRBRF 功能的启动 ，，并且电流高于 IP> 设定的\n值。\n4.\n如果重复跳闸信号已选上，则确认这个 IED 装置是否重复跳闸，并确认\nIED 装置是否收到后备保护跳闸命令。\n5.\n断开注入的交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n确认故障电流小于 I>BlkCont\n验证这种情况，必须模拟一种情况，即故障电流非常小，装置是否动作取决于\n来自断路器辅助接点的断路器位置信号。 建议选择为不带电流检测的重跳模\n式，设置 重跳模式 = No CBPos Check.\n1.\n设置 功能模式 = 电流&接点.\n2.\n断路器输入信号给相关的输入量 CBCLDL1 (2 或 3)\n3.\n设置故障条件，带有对 CCRBRF 该功能启动  的输入信号，. 输入的电流\n值应该小于设定值 I>BlkCont\n4.\n确认保护经过设定的时间，选带相重复跳闸和后备保护跳闸可以得到。\n5.\n断开交流电和 启动 信号。 保持 CB 合闸信号。\n6.\n再次模拟故障和启动 信号， 输入的电流值应该小于设定值 I>BlkCont.\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n61\n调试手册\n7.\n在设定的后备保护跳闸时间 t2 之前发出断路器断开信号。. 此模仿的是\n断路器正确的跳闸信号。\n8.\n确认后备保护跳闸没有触发。 重复跳闸信号可能出现，例如，如果 IED\n装置的模式选择的是“Re-trip without current check”，就会出现此\n种情况。\n9.\n断开注入的交流电和 启动 输入信号。\n6.5.5.8 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/CCRBRF(50BF)/X:CCRBRF。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.6 \n三相 不一致 保护 CCRPLD\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 CCRPLD 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/CCRPLD(52PD)/X:CCRPLD.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.6.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n当 CCRPLD 设置为外部启动方式时 ，设置 ContSel 为 On(投入) 该功能\n的设置位于主菜单/设置/装置定值/电流/CCRPLD/1:CCRPLD，当在应用配\n置中使用外部三相不一致信号，以激活检测三相不一致逻辑。\n2.\n激活输入 EXTPDIND，它位于 CCRPLD 功能模块，并测量它的动作时间。.\n3.\n比较测量到的时间和定值 tTrip(动作时间).\n4.\n复归 EXTPDIND 二进制输入信号。\n5.\n当 CCRPLD 设为监视断路器不对称电流检测方式 时，通过设定参数\nCurrSel 来实现，该参数位于主菜单/设置/装置定值/电流/CCRPLD/\n1:CCRPLD，将该参数设定为 On(投入).\n使用已配置好的开关量输出发出的跳闸信号，来停止定时器。\n6.\n使用 OPENCMD 代替 CLOSECMD 来重复第 4 点和第 5 点。 设置所有三相电\n流为 110%的 CurrRelLevel 值. 激活 CLOSECMD 开关量。\n由于对称的原因，此时没有跳闸信号出现。\n6.5.6.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n62\n调试手册\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/CCRPLD(52PD)/X:CCRPLD。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.7 \n带方向的低功率保护 GUPPDUP\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 GUPPDUP 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/GUPPDUP(37,P<)/1:GUPPDUP.在 PCM600 中的信号监视\n显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.7.1 \n验证整定值\n低功率保护的值应该根据实际整定值来进行设置。\n通过注入电压和电流的方法来进行测试，并且要能控制电流和电压的幅值以及\n电流和电压之间的相角。 在测试过程中，应该监视有功和无功的模拟量输出。\n1.\n根据应用中使用的模式，把测试设备的注入电压和电流的测试装置连接\n起来。 如果测试装置三相均可用，这可用于所有模式。 如有测试装置\n只有单相电流/电压可用，则测试装置应连到 I 已选择好的单相电流和电\n压输入端子上。\n利用 表 3 的公式，用于不同的计算模式。 装置模式 Mode ，它位于本\n地人机界面目录主菜单/定值/装置定值/电流保护/GUPPDUP(37,P<)/\n1:GUPPDUP/常规.\n表 3:\n计算模式\n设定值： Mode\n复功率计算公式表\nL1, L2, L3\n*\n*\n*\n1\n1\n2\n2\n3\n3\nL\nL\nL\nL\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\nU\nI\nU\nI\n=\n×\n+\n×\n+\n×\nEQUATION1697 V1 EN\n(等式 14)\nArone\n*\n*\n1 2\n1\n2 3\n3\nL L\nL\nL L\nL\nS\nU\nI\nU\nI\n=\n×\n-\n×\nEQUATION1698 V1 EN\n(等式 15)\nPosSeq\n*\n3\nPosSeq\nPosSeq\nS\nU\nI\n=\n×\n×\nEQUATION1699 V1 EN\n(等式 16)\nL1L2\n*\n*\n1 2\n1\n2\n(\n)\nL L\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\nI\n=\n×\n-\nEQUATION1700 V1 EN\n(等式 17)\n续下页\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n63\n调试手册\n设定值： Mode\n复功率计算公式表\nL2L3\n*\n*\n2 3\n2\n3\n(\n)\nL L\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\nI\n=\n×\n-\nEQUATION1701 V1 EN\n(等式 18)\nL3L1\n*\n*\n3 1\n3\n1\n(\n)\nL L\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\nI\n=\n×\n-\nEQUATION1702 V1 EN\n(等式 19)\nL1 相\n*\n1\n1\n3\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\n=\n×\n×\nEQUATION1703 V1 EN\n(等式 20)\nL2 相\n*\n2\n2\n3\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\n=\n×\n×\nEQUATION1704 V1 EN\n(等式 21)\nL3 相\n*\n3\n3\n3\nL\nL\nS\nU\nI\n=\n×\n×\nEQUATION1705 V1 EN\n(等式 22)\n2.\n调整注入电流和电压为整定值，以 IBase 和 UBase 的百分数进行调整\n（转化为二次侧的额定电流和电压）。 注入的电流和电压之间的相角应\n该与设定的方向角 Angle1 相同，即 1 段相角（正向低功率保护时该值为\n0°，反向低功率保护时该值为 180°）。 确认监视到的有功功率是否等\n于额定功率的 100%，无功功率是否等于额定功率的 0%。\n3.\n改变注入电压和电流之间的相角，使其等于 Angle1 + 90°. 确认监视\n到的有功功率是否等于额定功率的 0%，无功功率是否等于额定功率的\n100%。\n4.\n改变注入电压和电流之间的相角，使其角度回到 0°。 缓慢降低电流，\n直到 启动 1 信号，即 1 段的 启动 信号，被激活。\n5.\n增大电流值，使其达到 100% IBase.\n6.\n关断电流，测量输出 TRIP1（一段跳闸）信号时的时间。\n7.\n如果需要使用 2 段：重复步骤 2 到 6 用于 2 段。\n6.5.7.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/GUPPDUP(37,P<)/1:GUPPDUP。 记得对于测试过\n的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.8 \n带方向的过功率保护 GOPPDOP\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n64\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 GOPPDOP 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/GOPPDOP(32,P>)/X:GOPPDOP.在 PCM600 中的信号监视\n显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.8.1 \n验证整定值\n过功率保护的值应该根据实际整定值来进行设置。 通过注入电压和电流的方\n法来进行测试，并且要能控制电流和电压的幅值以及电流和电压之间的相\n角。 在测试过程中，应该监视有功和无功的模拟量输出。\n1.\n根据应用中使用的模式，把测试设备的注入电压和电流的测试装置连接\n起来。 如果测试装置三相均可用，这可用于所有模式。 如有测试装置\n只有单相电流/电压可用，则测试装置应连到 I 已选择好的单相电流和电\n压输入端子上。\n利用 表 3 的公式，用于不同的计算模式。 装置模式 Mode 位于主菜\n单/定值/装置定值/电流保护/GOPPDOP(32,P>)/1:GOPPDOP/常规.\n2.\n调整注入电流和电压为整定的额定值，以 IBase 和 UBase 的百分数进行\n调整 （转化为二次侧的电流和电压）。 注入的电流和电压之间的相角\n应该与设定的方向角 Angle1 相同，即 1 段相角（正向低功率保护时该值\n为 0°，反向低功率保护时该值为 180°）。 确认监视到的有功功率是\n否等于额定功率的 100%，无功功率是否等于额定功率的 0%。\n3.\n改变注入电压和电流之间的相角，使其等于 Angle1 + 90°. 确认监视\n到的有功功率是否等于额定功率的 0%，无功功率是否等于额定功率的\n100%。\n4.\n改变注入电压和电流之间的相角，使其角度回到 Angle1 设定的值。 从\n0 开始缓慢提高电流直到 启动 1 信号，即 1 段的 启动 信号，被激\n活。 检查注入功率，并和设定的功率 Power1 进行比较，即 1 段的功率\n定值，以 Sbase 的百分数表示.\n5.\n增大电流值，使其达到 100% IBase ，切断电流。\n6.\n开启电流，测量激活 TRIP1（1 段跳闸）信号时的时间。\n7.\n如果需要使用 2 段：重复步骤 2 到 6 用于 2 段。\n6.5.8.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/GOPPDOP(32,P>)/X:GOPPDOP。 记得对于测试过\n的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.5.9 \n同步电机的误上电保护 AEGGAPC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n65\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 AEGGAPC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/AEGGAPC(50AE,U<&I>)/1:AEGGAPC.在 PCM600 中的信\n号监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.9.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n将用于三相电流注入和三相电压输入的测试装置连接到 IED 相应的端子。\n2.\n往 IED 装置中注入零电压。\n3.\n缓慢地增大注入的三相对称电流并记录动作值（启动值）。\n4.\n缓慢降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n5.\n将跳闸输出触点和计时器连接起来。\n6.\n将注入电流设置为动作电流的 200%，输入电流并测试延时时间。\n7.\n根据 IED 装置的配置（信号矩阵工具），核实所有的跳闸和启动触点是\n否正确动作。\n8.\n最后检查事件菜单中是不是已经储存了启动和跳闸信息。\n9.\n往 IED 中输入额定三相对称电压。\n10. 将注入电流设置为动作电流的 200%，输入电流。 该功能不应该 启动 和\n跳闸。\n11. 往 IED 中注入 ArmU< 整定值 95%的三相对称电压。\n12. 将注入电流设置为动作电流的 200%，打开电流。 该功能应该 启动 并跳\n闸。\n6.5.10 \n电机负序定时限过流保护 NS2PTOC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 NS2PTOC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/NS2PTOC(46I2,2I2>)/1:NS2PTOC.在 PCM600 中的信号\n监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.10.1 \n通过二次注入测试认证整定值\n1.\n连接测试装备，以便将 3 相电流输入到 IED 适当的电流端子。\n2.\n进入 主菜单/定值/装置定值/电流保护/NS2PTOC(46I2,2I2>)/\n1:NS2PTOC/常规 ，确保功能是可用的，即 投退模式 设为 On(投入).\n3.\n通过这种方式将电流注入到设备，形成注入电流的负序分量，确认负序\n分量的计算是否正确。 参阅下文中额定电流为 1A 的电流互感器的示例。\n4.\n注入纯负序电流，即有相同幅值,相序颠倒，彼此差 120 度的相电流，初\n始值低于启动值。 此时输出量不被激活。\n注意： 在二次注入测试中，如果难以获取纯负序电流，那么可使用相间\n短路电流。 两相短路电流可提供 幅值= (1/√3) · 故障电流。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n66\n调试手册\n5.\n增加注入电流，观察 1 段动作值。 如果负序电流略高于启动值 I2-1>，\n那么需激活 PU_ST1 启动信号。. 当经过预设跳闸延时后， TR1 和 TRIP\n被激活。\n注意： 当对 1 段进行测试时，应闭锁 2 段，以防注入电流使 2 段保护动\n作。\n6.\n慢慢的降低电流，注意保护复归时的电流值。\n7.\n将跳闸输出触点和计时器连接起来。\n8.\n将测试段的注入电流设置为动作电流的 200 %，打开电流并核实 TR1 和\nTRIP 的延时时间。 当测量负序电流超过整定值 I2-1>，设置的计时器\nt1 开始计时，达到预设延时后释放跳闸信号。 对于 ALARM 信号要进行\n同样的测试，以核查准确的延时时间。\n注意： 输出量 ALARM 是由 START 信号来启动的。\n9.\n如果选择了反时限特性的保护，跳闸信号 TR1 和 TRIP 经过一定的延时\n后释放，相应的计算公式为：\nt s\nI\n[ ]\n\n\n\n\n(\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n=\n−\n>\n⋅\n1\n2\n1\n100\n2\nMultiple of Start 2\nK\n这就是说当电流从 0 突变到 2 倍的发电机启动容量和负序容量时，并且\nK1 设为 10s,电流启动值 I2-1> 设为发电机额定电流的 10%此时，TR1 和\nTRIP 信号延时为 250s±容差。\n10. 对 2 段重复上述测试，包含反时限特性的测试。\n11. 最后，确保 启动 和跳闸信号已存储在事件菜单中。\n示例\n如果电流互感器变比 CTprim/CTsec 对于三相都为 1000 A, IBase 为 1000A,\n那么二次电流为：\nIL1\nAmpl = 1.1 A\nAngl = 15 deg\nIL2\nAmpl = .6 A\nAngl = 97 deg\nIL3\nAmpl = 1.3 A\nAngl = -135 deg\nNSCURR 表示的为负序电流的幅值，大概为 962A。\n6.5.11 \n电压制动定时限过流保护 VR2PVOC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n67\n调试手册\n逻辑信号的值用于 VR2PVOC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电流保护/VR2PVOC(51V,I>U<)/1:VR2PVOC.在 PCM600 中的信号\n监视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.5.11.1 \n验证整定值\n内置过流保护特征（不带方向）\n1.\n进入 主菜单/测试状态/功能试验模式/电流保护 确保 VR2PVOC 是解锁\n的，其他可能影响到测试结果的功能是闭锁的。\n2.\n连接测试装备，以便将 3 相电流注入与到 IED 适当的电流端子相连。\n3.\n输入三相电流。 增加电流，直到保护动作，检查动作值，例如当电压降\n到额定 启动 值的 50%,那么电流 启动 值为额定电压时的 50%。\n4.\n缓慢较小电流，检查复归值。\n5.\n将 TRIP 输出连到计时器。\n6.\n将电流设为 200%的动作值，检查动作延时。\n对于反时限曲线，检查 110%电流下的动作时间 tMin.\n7.\n依据配置逻辑检查 TRIP 和 START 的动作情况。\n8.\n最后检查储存在事件菜单的 START 和 TRIP 信息。\n具体的关于怎样使用事件菜单的方法请参看 IED 操作手册。\n电压限制型过电流特性\n1.\n将三相电流和三相电压注入信号通道与 IED 的适当端子相连。\n2.\n将额定的电压信号注入装置以使每次保护功能正确动作。\n3.\n注入三相电流和电压。\n大体检查非方向性过电流动作特性。\n4.\n动作值测量\n测试装置将相关的电压限制信号注入设备中，当动作值测量结束后，要\n计算不同注入信号对动作值的影响。\n5.\n动作时间测量\n测量定时限时间方法相同 对于反时限特性的 START 值，要计算过电流制\n动比率，即对应电压制动量的实际的启动值。\n6.5.11.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电流保护/VR2PVOC(51V,I>U<)/1:VR2PVOC。 记得对于测\n试过的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n68\n调试手册\n6.6 \n测试电压保护功能\n6.6.1 \n两段式欠电压保护 UV2PTUV\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 UV2PTUV 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电压/UV2PTUV(27,2U<)/1:UV2PTUV.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.6.1.1 \n检验设置\n验证 1 段保护 START（启动）PICKUP（启动）值和动作延时时间\n1.\n检查 IED 定值是否合适，特别是 START（启动）值，定时限延时和单相\n（1 取 3） 运行模式。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢降低其中一相的电压，直到 START（启动） 信号出现。\n4.\n观察动作值，并将此值整定值进行比较。\n5.\n增大测量电压，使其达到额定负荷时的值。\n6.\n检查 START（启动） 信号是否复归。\n7.\n瞬时降低其中一相的电压，使其比以上所测量到的保护动作时的值小\n20%。\n8.\n测量 TRIP 信号的延时时间，将这个延时时间和已设定的值进行比较。\n扩大测试的范围\n1.\n重复以上的测试步骤 2.\n2.\n将运行模式改变为两相 三相（2 取 3） 和 三相（3 取 3） ，并重复以\n上测试。\n3.\n重复以上的测试步骤，检验保护装置的安全性，即不应该出现的 START\n（启动） 和动作信号，不会出现。\n4.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以检测保护装置复归的时间。\n5.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以测试保护装置的反时限特性。\n6.6.1.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电压/UV2PTUV(27,2U<)/1:UV2PTUV。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n69\n调试手册\n6.6.2 \n两段式过电压保护 OV2PTOV\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 OV2PTOV 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电压/OV2PTOV(59,2U>)/1:OV2PTOV.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.6.2.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n模拟单相相电压低于定值 U1>.\n2.\n慢慢增加电压，直到 ST1 信号出现。\n3.\n观察动作值，并将此值与整定值进行比较。\n4.\n切断电压。\n5.\n整定电压比一相测量动作值量高 20%并输入。\n6.\n测量 TR1 信号出现时的时间延时，并将其与整定值比较。\n7.\n重新进行测试步骤 2.\n6.6.2.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电压/OV2PTOV(59,2U>)/1:OV2PTOV。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.6.3 \n两段式零序过电压保护 ROV2PTOV\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 ROV2PTOV 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电压/ROV2PTOV(59N,2UN>)/1:ROV2PTOV.在 PCM600 中的信号监\n视显示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.6.3.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\n将单相电压连接到 IED 的单相电压输入或连接到零序电压输入，且初始\n值低于整定值 U1>.\n2.\n逐渐增大输入量，直到 ST1 出现。\n3.\n观察动作值，并将此值整定值进行比较。\n4.\n切断输入电压。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n70\n调试手册\n5.\n设置输入的电压比测量动作值量高 20%。\n6.\n测量 TR1 信号出现时的时间延时，并将其与整定值比较。\n7.\n重新进行测试步骤 2.\n6.6.3.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电压/ROV2PTOV(59N,2UN>)/1:ROV2PTOV。 记得对于测试\n过的每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.6.4 \n过励磁保护 OEXPVPH\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 OEXPVPH 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电压/OEXPVPH(24,U/f>)/1:OEXPVPH.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.6.4.1 \n验证整定值\n1.\nEnable（投入） 功能。\n2.\n将对称三相电压输入到过励磁保护 OEXPVPH 的电压输入端。.\nOEXPVPH 输入电压为额定频率，可以很方便的测量过励磁保护的功能，\n逐步的增大输入电压，可以获得希望的过励磁效果。\n3.\n将报警触点和计时器连接起来,先暂时将报警计时器 tAlarm 的时间延时\n设置为 0。\n4.\n逐步的增大电压，注意动作值 V/Hz>.\n5.\n慢慢的降低电压，注意保护复归时的值。\n6.\n根据定值设置的方案，将定值时间延时设定为正确的值。然后将输入电\n压改变为 1.2 V/Hz>,检验 IED 装置此时的时间延时。.\n7.\n将报警触点和计时器连接起来,先暂时将报警计时器 tMin 设为 0.5s。\n8.\n增大电压，观察 V/Hz>> 动作值\n9.\n慢慢的降低电压，注意保护复归时的值。\n10. 根据定值设置的方案，将定值时间延时设定为正确的值。检验 IED 装置\n此时的时间延时 tMin，注入电压信号 1.2 V/Hz>>.\n11. 根据配置逻辑查验跳闸和警报接点的动作情况。\n12. 最后，确保 START 和 TRIP 信息储存在事件菜单里。\n6.6.4.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n71\n调试手册\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电压/OEXPVPH(24,U/f>)/1:OEXPVPH。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.6.5 \n100% 定子 接地 保护，基于三次谐波 STEFPHIZ\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 STEFPHIZ 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/电压/STEFPHIZ(59THD)/1:STEFPHIZ.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.6.5.1 \n测试\n该保护从发电机中性点和机端（电压互感器开口三角）量取 电压的三次谐波\n分量。\n测试设备应该能够生成 三次谐波电压。 第一个电压信号（UN3）连接到残压\n输入端口，相当于输入机端电压。 第二个电压信号（UN3）相当于发电机中性\n点电压。 注入三次谐波电压之间的相角是可调节的。\nen07000127.vsd\nU3N\nU3T\nIEC07000127 V1 ZH\n图 16:\n正常运行下三次谐波的典型相量图\n1.\n注入以下电压： U3T = 15 V, U3N = 5 V，相角差为 180°。 检查下列模\n拟量信号的监视值： E3 (定子中三次谐波电压的幅值), U3N: 5 V (发电\n机中性点测量的三次谐波电压幅值), U3T: 15 V (发电机机端测量的三次\n谐波电压幅值) ，相角: 180° ( U3N 和 U3T). E3 的值应该接近以下值：\n(\n)\n(\n)\n2\n2\n3N\n3T\n3T\nE3\nU\nU\ncos(ANGLE)\nU\nsin(ANGLE)\n=\n-\n×\n+\n×\nEQUATION2070 V1 EN\n(等式 23)\n2.\n读取 U 的值（差动电压）。 DU 的值应该接近下述值：\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n72\n调试手册\n(\n)\n(\n)\n2\n2\n3N\n3T\n3T\nDU\nU\nU\ncos(ANGLE)\nU\nsin(ANGLE)\n=\n+\n×\n+\n×\nEQUATION2071 V1 EN\n(等式 24)\n3.\n减小注入电压 U3N 直到 START3H 激活 确认参数\n3N\nDU\nU\nBeta\n=\nEQUATION2072 V2 EN\n(等式 25)\n考虑静态精度（beta 是一个设定的参数）\n4.\n增加电压值 U3N ，信号 sart 信号复归， 之后，将电压 U3N 调到零，\n测量信号 TRIP 和 TRIP3H 激活的延时。\n100%定子 接地 故障保护同时具有中性点基频过电压保护功能（95%定\n子 接地 故障保护）。 这部分保护功能测试要单独进行，使用一台基频\n电压信号测试设备。\n6.6.5.2 \n验证整定值\n1.\n当发电机空载额定转速运行时： 检查下列模拟信号值： E3 ( 定子电压\n的 3rd 次谐波）， U3N （发电机中性点测得的电压三次谐波幅值），\nU3T （发电机极端测得的电压三次谐波幅值）和相角差（ U3N 和 U3T).\nE3 的值应该接近以下值：\n(\n)\n(\n)\n2\n2\n3N\n3T\n3T\nE3\nU\nU\ncos(ANGLE)\nU\nsin(ANGLE)\n=\n-\n×\n+\n×\nEQUATION2076 V1 EN\n(等式 26)\n确保相角差大于 125°\n2.\n读取 DU 的值（差动电压）。 DU 的值应该接近下述值：\n(\n)\n(\n)\n2\n2\n3N\n3T\n3T\nDU\nU\nU\ncos(ANGLE)\nU\nsin(ANGLE)\n=\n+\n×\n+\n×\nEQUATION2078 V1 EN\n(等式 27)\n3.\n读取 BU (制动电压： Beta ·U3N). DU/BU 的值对于正常发电机来说，\n应小于 1。\n4.\n发电机同步运行后，要检测在不同负荷水平下的 DU/BU 的值。 根据不同\n的负荷监视水平来设置参数 beta.\n如果选择了中性点测量方式，那么只要求对该电压则进行测量。 动作值\n应大于在正常情况下测量的中性点电压三次谐波值。\n6.6.5.3 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n73\n调试手册\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/电压/STEFPHIZ(59THD)/1:STEFPHIZ。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n发电机转子绕组和辅助直流电路与地完全 绝缘. 单一的 接地 故障只会产生\n较小的故障电流。 但是，第二点的 接地故障将会产生严重后果。 取决于两\n故障的位置，可产生如下运行后果：\n•\n发电机部分或者全部失磁\n•\n转子励磁回路过大的直流电流\n•\n转子震动\n•\n转子移位严重，造成定子机械损伤\n因此，大型发电机转子回路都具有检测第一处 接地故障的保护功能，根据故\n障电阻来决定发告警或者切机。\n转子 接地 故障保护可以与发电机所需的其他保护集成在一台\nIED 内。 1MRG001910 给出了使用 COMBIFLEX 注入单元 RXTTE 4\n的例子。\n6.7 \n测试频率保护功能\n6.7.1 \n欠频率保护 SAPTUF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 SAPTUF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/频率/SAPTUF(81,f<)/X:SAPTUF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示了\n和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.7.1.1 \n检验设置\n启动值和动作延时验证\n1.\n检查 IED 定值是否合适，特别是 START（启动） 值和定时限延时时间。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢降低电压频率，直到 START（启动） 信号出现。\n4.\n观察动作值，并将此值整定值进行比较。\n5.\n增大频率，直到达到额定动作值。\n6.\n检查确认 START（启动） 信号复归。\n7.\n瞬时降低电压频率，使其比上述动作值小 20%。\n8.\n测量 TRIP 信号的延时时间，将这个延时时间和已设定的值进行比较。\n扩大测试的范围\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n74\n调试手册\n1.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以检测保护装置复归的时间。\n2.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以测试保护装置与频率相关的反时限特性。\n验证低压闭锁电压幅值\n1.\n检查 IED 定值是否合适，特别是 StartFrequency(启动频率) 和 tDelay\n（输出延时时间） 和 MinValFreqMeas（频率测量最小电压） 。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢降低电压幅值，直到出现 BLKDMAGN（幅值闭锁）信号。\n4.\n注意电压幅值，并将它与 SMAI 设定值 MinValFreqMeas（频率测量最小\n电压）相比较.\n5.\n慢慢降低电压频率，直到低于 StartFrequency(启动频率).\n6.\n检查启动信号是否出现。\n7.\n等待 tDelay（输出延时时间）时间，且确保 TRIP 信号没有出现。\n6.7.1.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/频率/SAPTUF(81,f<)/X:SAPTUF。 记得对于测试过的每个\n独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.7.2 \n过频率保护 SAPTOF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 SAPTOF 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/频率/SAPTOF(81,f>)/X:SAPTOF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显示了\n和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.7.2.1 \n检验设置\n启动值和动作延时验证\n1.\n检测 IED 的设置，特别是启动值和确切的动作延时。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢增加电压频率，直到 START（启动） 信号出现。\n4.\n观察动作值，并将此值整定值进行比较。\n5.\n降低频率，直到额定动作条件。\n6.\n检查确认 START（启动） 信号复归。\n7.\n瞬时增大电压频率，使其比上述动作值大 20%。\n8.\n测量 TRIP 信号的延时时间，将这个延时时间和已设定的值进行比较。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n75\n调试手册\n扩大测试的范围\n1.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以检测保护装置复归的时间。\n确认低压幅值闭锁\n1.\n请检查 IED 定值设置是否正确，特别是 SMAI 预处理功能的\nStartFrequency(启动频率), TtDelay 和 MinValFreqMeas（频率测量最\n小电压） 。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢降低电压幅值，直到出现 BLKDMAGN（幅值闭锁）信号。\n4.\n观察电压幅值，并将此值整定值进行比较： MinValFreqMeas（频率测量\n最小电压）.\n5.\n慢慢增大电压频率，直到大于 StartFrequency(启动频率).\n6.\n检查确认 START（启动） 信号没有出现。\n7.\n等待 tDelay（输出延时时间）时间，且确保 TRIP 信号没有出现。\n6.7.2.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/频率/SAPTOF(81,f>)/X:SAPTOF。 记得对于测试过的每个\n独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.7.3 \n频率变化率保护 SAPFRC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 SAPFRC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/频率/SAPFRC(81,df/dt)/X:SAPFRC.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n6.7.3.1 \n检验设置\n启动值和动作延时验证\n1.\n检测 IED 的设置，特别是 和确切的动作延时 设置 StartFreqGrad(频率\n梯度定值)为一个非常小的负值。\n2.\n给 IED 输入三相电压，并使输入的电压达到其额定值。\n3.\n慢慢降低电压频率，同时增大变化率，最终超过整定值\nStartFreqGrad(频率梯度定值)检测启动信号是否出现。\n4.\n观察动作值，并将此值整定值进行比较。\n5.\n增大频率直到额定动作条件，且变化率为 0。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n76\n调试手册\n6.\n检查确认 START（启动） 信号复归。\n7.\n瞬时降低电压频率，使其比正常值小 20%。\n8.\n测量 TRIP 信号的延时时间，将这个延时时间和已设定的值进行比较。\n扩大测试的范围\n1.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以测试正的整定值 StartFreqGrad(频率梯度定\n值).\n2.\n重复以上的测试步骤，可以测试当频率从低值恢复时的 RESTORE 信号。\n6.7.3.2 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/频率/SAPFRC(81,df/dt)/X:SAPFRC。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.8 \n测试二次系统监视功能\n6.8.1 \nPT 断线监视 SDDRFUF\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n用于 SDDRFUF 的逻辑信号的值在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/二次系统监视/SDDRFUF/1:SDDRFUF.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n确认过程分为两大主要部分。 第一部分对所有的 PT 断线监视选项都通用，检\n查开关量输入和输出都按照实际配置期望的动作。 第二部分是测量相关的整\n定值。\n6.8.1.1 \n检查开关量输入和输出按照期望运行\n1.\n输入三相相电流和对应的相电压，使其都达到额定值，来模拟正常运行\n状态。\n2.\n将额定直流电压连接到 DISCPOS 开关量输入。\n•\n信号 BLKU 应当几乎无延时地出现。\n•\n不应有信号 BLKZ 和 3PH 出现在 IED 上。\n•\n仅仅距离保护功能可以动作。\n•\n与欠电压有关的功能都不应当动作。\n3.\n断开直流电压和 DISCPOS 开关量输入端子的连接。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n77\n调试手册\n4.\n将额定直流电压连接到 MCBOP（微型空开位置）开关量输入。\n•\nBLKU 和 BLKZ 信号应无延时地出现。\n•\n所有的与低电压有关的功能都应闭锁。\n5.\n断开直流电压和 MCBOP 开关量输入端子的连接。\n6.\n断开三相电压其中一相，观察终端开关量输出的逻辑输出信号。 BLKU 和\nBLKZ 应当同时出现。\n7.\n在超过 5s 后，断开剩余两相电压和所有三相电流。\n•\n输出信号 BLKU 和 BLKZ 的高电平状态不应改变。\n•\n信号 3PH 将会出现。\n8.\n同时建立正常的电压和电流动作条件，观察相应的输出信号。\n它们应当变为逻辑 0，如下所示：\n•\n大约 25ms 后，信号 3PH 变为逻辑 0\n•\n大约 50ms 后，信号 BLKU 变为逻辑 0\n•\n大约 50ms 后，信号 BLKZ 变为逻辑 0\n6.8.1.2 \n测量负序功能动作值\n需要测量负序功能动作值。\n1.\n输入三相相电流和对应的相电压，使其都达到额定值，来模拟正常运行\n状态。\n2.\n慢慢降低其中一相的测量电压，直到 BLKU 信号出现。\n3.\n记录测量到的电压值，根据公式计算对应的负序电压。\n注意:以下方程中的电压都为矢量：\n3 U2\n×\nUL1\na2 UL2\n+ a\n×\n× UL3\n+\n=\nEQUATION707 V1 EN\n(等式 28)\n其中：\n \nUL1\nUL2\nand\nUL3\nEQUATION708 V1 EN\n \n=测量到的相电压\na\n1 e\nj2 p\n×\n3\n-----------\n×\n0 5\nj 3\n2\n+ -------\n– ,\n=\n=\nEQUATION709 V1 EN\n \n4.\n将结果和整定的负序动作电压进行比较（注意定值 3U2>（负序电压定\n值） 是基准电压 UBaseUBase 的百分数）。\n6.8.1.3 \n测量零序功能动作值\n测量零序功能动作值.\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n78\n调试手册\n1.\n输入三相相电流和对应的相电压，使其都达到额定值，来模拟正常运行\n状态。\n2.\n慢慢降低其中一相的测量电压，直到 BLKU 信号出现。\n3.\n记录测量到的电压值，根据公式计算对应的零序电压。\n注意:以下方程中的电压都为矢量：\n3 U0\n×\nUL1\nUL2\nUL3\n+\n+\n=\nIEC00000276 V1 EN\n(等式 31)\n其中：\n \nUL1 , UL2 and UL3\nIEC00000275 V1 EN\n \n=测量到的相电压。\n4.\n将结果和整定的零序动作电压进行比较（注意定值 3U0> 是零序动作基\n准电压的百分数）。\n6.8.1.4 \n检查基于 du/dt 和 di/dt 的功能动作情况\n检查基于 d u/dt 和 di/dt 的功能的动作情况.\n1.\n输入三相相电流和对应的相电压，使其都达到额定值，来模拟正常运行\n状态。\n2.\n将额定直流电压连接到 CBCLOSED 开关量输入。\n3.\n同时改变三相的输入电压和输入电流。\n电压变化量应大于定值 DU> ，电流变化量应小于 DI<.\n•\nBLKU 和 BLKZ 信号应无延时地出现。 只有当没同时激活内部失电\n检测时，BLKZ 信号才会被被激活。\n•\n如果剩余电压值低于 DLD(失电检测)功能的定值 UDLD<(无压定值) ，\n3PH 应该在 5s 后消失。\n4.\n模拟正常运行状态 3.\n如果功能之前被激活，那么 BLKU, BLKZ 和 3PH 信号应该复归，见步骤\n1 和 3.\n5.\n同时改变三相的输入电压和输入电流。\n电压变化应大于 DU> ，电流变化应该大于 DI<.\n应无 BLKU, BLKZ 和 3PH 信号。\n6.\n断开直流电压和 CBCLOSED 开关量输入之间的连接。\n7.\n模拟正常运行状态 1.\n8.\n重复步骤 3.\n9.\n所有三相连接正常电压，输入的电流低于动作值。\n10. 将电流保持为常数。 同时断开所有三相电压。\n应无 BLKU, BLKZ 和 3PH 信号。\n6.8.1.5 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n79\n调试手册\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/二次系统监视/SDDRFUF/1:SDDRFUF。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.9 \n测试控制功能\n将功能模块状态/值的永久性部分存入永久性存储器，使用了指\n数后退算法，当这些状态/值频繁变化时，可以快速增大保存时\n间间隔。 这意味着，例如当脉冲计数器周期性执行时，它将计\n数值存入永久性存储器的次数将会越来越少，直到执行存储的\n时间间隔为 1 小时。 如果通过将辅助电源关断再打开以重启\nIED，那么将会失去 1 小时的计数值增量。 有必要使用这种指\n数后退算法，来避免损耗用来存储状态/值的闪存（FLASH）。\n当使用本地人机界面（LHMI）或参数设定工具（PST）来改变参\n数值时，可以在重启动（reboot）之前保存这类存储，这样在\n这种情况下通常不会丢失信息。 当长时间不被激活，存储操作\n之间的时间间隔又慢慢减少，直到达到存储操作之间的最小时\n间，大约是每秒一次。 在完成调试之后，丢失信息这一可能性\n不是问题，因为在正常运行中极少关闭 IED。 但是在某些测试\n期间，如果 IED 重启，那么这类数据有时候会回到旧值。\n6.9.1 \n同期检测、无压检测和同步 SESRSYN\n这一部分包括如何对单断路器进行同期检测和无压检测的测试。\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 SESRSYN 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/控制/SESRSYN(25,SYNC)/X:SESRSYN.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n在调试和定期检查中，应当用使用过的定值来测试这些功能。 为了测试特定\n的功能，可能需要改变某些参数设定的定值，例如：\n•\nAutoEnerg（自动无压检查方式） = On(投入)/Off（退出）/DLLB(仅母线\n有压)/DBLL（仅线路有压）/Both（线路母线都有压）\n•\nManEnerg（手动无压检查方式） = Off（退出）\n•\n投退模式 = Off（退出）/On(投入)\n•\n如果应用中有电压选择功能可用的情况下，激活电压选择功能。\n以下所示的测试步骤和描述的参数，在最终的参数确定之前，可以作为测试过\n程中的参考值。 在测试完成之后，将 IED 装置的参数设置为正常或者期望的\n定值。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n80\n调试手册\n需要一个输出电压相角和幅值都可改变的二次侧注入测试。 测试装置应该可\n以在不同输出上产生不同频率。\n下面描述的情况所适用的系统，它的额定频率为 50 Hz，但是\n可以直接转变为 60 Hz。 SESRSYN 可以设定使用不同相，相\n对 地 或者相对相电压。 用整定的电压来替代如下所示。\n图 17 所示为通用的测试连接原理图，可以应用在测试当中。 下图描述了用\n于一个间隔版本的测试。\n测试装置\n电压测量\nPh/N\nPh/Ph\n=IEC08000027=1=zh=Original.vsd\nU-Bus\nU-Line\nN\nIED\nU-Bus\nN\nUL1\nUL2\nUL3\nN\n输入相\nL1,L2,L3\nL12,L23,L31\nIEC08000027 V1 ZH\n图 17:\n三相电压连接到线路侧的通用测试连接图\n6.9.1.1 \n测试同步功能\n在 IED 装置有同步检测检测功能下，这一部分才可用。\n使用到的电压输入是：\nULine\nUL1，UL2 或 UL3 电压输入，位于 IED 上\nU-Bus\n母线电压输入，位于 IED 上\n测试频差\n例如，通过本地人机界面，设置频差为 0.2Hz，测试过程中必须确认的是，\n当 FreqDiffMax(同期允许最大频差) 的频差值小于 0.2Hz 时，保护是否会动\n作。 以下的测试步骤取决于使用的定值。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n81\n调试手册\n1.\n输入电压\n1.1. U-Line=100% UBase 和 f-line=50.0Hz\n1.2. U-Bus=100% UBase f-bus=50.2Hz\n2.\n检查合闸脉冲是否已经发出，和合闸角是否小于 2°。 比较先进的测试\n设备能自动进行评估。\n3.\n再将输入电压设置为\n3.1. U-Bus=100% UBase f-bus=50.25Hz\n3.2. 确认频差超过设置的上限值时，保护不动作。\n4.\n重新输入频差，例如，使频差为 100mHz，f-bus（母线电压频率）为额定\n频率，线路频率大于母线频率 20mHz (或高于 FreqDiffMin 时），确认\n保护在不受频差影响的情况下，合闸脉冲是否在小于 2°的情况下出现。\n5.\n确认合脉冲是否会受到影响,当频差小于整定值 FreqDiffMin 时.\n6.9.1.2 \n测试同期检测功能\n在对单间隔接线 检测 SESRSYN 时，需要使用到以下电压输入量：\nU-Line\nUL1，UL2 或 UL3 电压输入，位于 IED 上\nU-Bus\n母线电压输入，位于 IED 上\n测试压差\n通过人机界面将电压差设置为 15% UBase 测试保护是否会动作，当电压差\nUDiffSC 小于 15% UBase.\n测试中参数设置的定值必须是保护最终需要设置的定值。 因此，测试的定值\n必须改为现场运行时的定值。\n测试输入电压之间没有电压差的情形。\n测试时输入电压差高于参数 UDiffSC\n1.\n采用 U-Line(例如）=80% UBase U-Bus=80% UBase.\n2.\n确认 AUTOSYOK(自动同期检查满足)和 MANSYOK（手动同期检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n3.\n测试时，可以重复设置不同的电压差，来确认电压差在参数 UDiffSC.\n分别检测 U-Line 和 U-Bus 是否低于其他电压值。\n4.\n加大 U-Bus 值到 110% UBase，U-Line=90% UBase ，同时也要进行相反的\n情形。\n5.\n检查手动和自动同步的两个输出都未激活。\n测试相角差\n相角差 PhaseDiffM（手动同期检查相差） 和 PhaseDiffA(自动同期检查相\n差) 应该分别设置为最终值，测试时，必须确认相角差在超前和滞后两种情形\n下，相角差比设定的值小时，保护会动作。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n82\n调试手册\n测试没有压差的情况\n1.\n采用 U-Line(例如）=100% UBase U-Bus=100% UBase，相角差为 0°，频\n差小于 FreqDiffA(自动同期检查频差) 和 FreqDiffM(手动同期检查频\n差)\n2.\n确认 AUTOSYOK(自动同期检查满足)和 MANSYOK（手动同期检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n通过设置不同的频差，该测试可以重复进行，来确认输入的值小于保护\n设定的定值时，保护功能将会动作。 PhaseDiffM（手动同期检查相\n差）  和 PhaseDiffA(自动同期检查相差). 通过改变与 U-Bus 相连的电\n压相角值，使其值在+dφ 和-dφ 之间，确认当相角差低于设定值时，两输\n出量被激活。 在输入的相角为其它值时，保护不应该动作。 如图 18.\n+dj\n-dj\nU-Bus\nU-Line 动作\nU-Bus\n无动作区\nen05000551.vsd\nIEC05000551 V1 ZH\n图 18:\n测试相角差时保护的动作情况\n3.\n改变相角值，使其值在+dφ 和-dφ 之间，确认相角差在+dφ 和-dφ 之间\n时，保护会动作，同时，确认相角差在+dφ 和-dφ 之外时，保护不会动\n作，请见图 18.\n测试频差\n频差测试需要确认的是，当 FreqDiffA(自动同期检查频差) 和 FreqDiffM(手\n动同期检查频差) 频差分别小于手动和自动 同期检查整定值， FreqDiffA(自\n动同期检查频差) 和 FreqDiffM(手动同期检查频差) 保护将会动作，同时，\n当频差大于定值时，保护将会闭锁。\n当频差=0mHz 时\n在整定值范围外，分别进行自动和手动的频差检查。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n83\n调试手册\n1.\n设定电压 U-Line 等于 100% UBase ，U-Bus 等于 100% UBase，频差等于\n0mHz，相差低于定值。\n2.\n确认 AUTOSYOK(自动同期检查满足)和 MANSYOK（手动同期检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n3.\n设定电压 U-Line 等于 100% UBase 频率等于 50HZ，电压 U-Bus 等于 100%\nUBase，使输入频率超出保护已设定限值。\n4.\n确认两输出量是否激活。 通过设置不同的频差，该测试可以重复进行，\n来确认输入的值小于保护设定的定值时，保护功能将会动作。 如果测试\n装置比较先进，频率可以持续的变化。\n测试参考电压\n1.\n使用基本测试连接，如图 17.\nU-Bus 和 U-Line 之间的电压差应该是 0%，所以 AUTOSYOK 和 MANSYOK 输\n出量首先被激活。\n2.\n在不改变本地 HMI 设置的条件下，将 U-Line 连接改为 U-Line2 连接。\n确认两输出量不会激活。\n6.9.1.3 \n测试无压检测功能\n在对单间隔接线进行无压检测功能测试时，要用到以下电压输入：\nU-Line\nUL1，UL2 或 UL3 电压输入，位于 IED 上\nU-Bus\n母线电压输入，位于 IED 上\n概述\n对于无压检测功能，要测试可用母线或接线的无压检测功能。 通过激活电压\n选择逻辑的不同输入，可以选择电压。\n应当根据电站的定值来进行测试。 测试下列的可应用内容。\n测试仅母线有压（DLLB）\n该测试要确认的是，当 U-Line 电压低， U-Bus 电压高时，无压检测功能是否\n会动作。这对应于有压母线给无压线路充电的情况。\n1.\n将 100% UBase 的单相电压送至 U-Bus，将 30% UBase 的单相电压送到\nU-Line。\n2.\n确认 AUTOENOK(自动无压检查满足)和 MANENOK（手动无压检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n3.\n增加 U-Line 至 60% UBase 并且 U-Bus 等于 100% UBase. 输出量不应被\n激活。\n4.\n测试可基于不同定值的 U-Bus 和 U-Line 重复进行。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n84\n调试手册\n测试仅线路有压（DBLL）\n该测试要确认的是，在 U-Bus 电压很低，并且 U-Line 电压很高。 这对应于从\n有电线路给无压母线充电的情况。\n1.\n确认本地人机界面上的定值 AutoEnerg（自动无压检查方式） 或者\nManEnerg（手动无压检查方式） 为 DBLL（仅线路有压）.\n2.\n将 30% UBase 的单相电压送至 U-Bus，100% UBase 的单相电压送到 U-\nLine。\n3.\n确认 AUTOENOK(自动无压检查满足)和 MANENOK（手动无压检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n4.\n减小 U-Line 至 60% UBase ，并且保持 U-Bus 等于 30% UBase. 输出量不\n应被激活。\n5.\n将 U-Bus 和 U-Line 设置为不同的值，重复进行该操作。\n测试两个方向（DLLB 或 DBLL）\n1.\n确认本地人机界面上的定值 AutoEnerg（自动无压检查方式） 或者\nManEnerg（手动无压检查方式） 为 Both（线路或母线有压）.\n2.\n将 30% UBase 的单相电压送至 U-Line，100% UBase 单相电压送至 U-\nBus。\n3.\n确认 AUTOENOK(自动无压检查满足)和 MANENOK（手动无压检查满足）信\n号被激活。\n4.\n改变连接，使得 U-Line 等于 100% UBase ，U-Bus 等于 30% UBase. 输出\n仍旧被激活。\n5.\n将 U-Bus 和 U-Line 设置为不同的值，重复进行该操作。\n测试母线无压且线路无压（DBDL）\n该测试要确认的是，当 U-Bus 和 U-Line 都很小时，即在无电系统下合闸断路\n器的情况，此时保护的无压检测功能是否会动作。 只有使用到该功能时，该\n测试才有效。\n1.\n确认本地人机界面上的定值 AutoEnerg（自动无压检查方式） 为 Off\n（退出） 和 ManEnerg（手动无压检查方式） 为 DBLL（仅线路有压）.\n2.\n设置参数 ManEnergDBDL(手动两侧无压检查使能) 为 On(投入).\n3.\n将 30% UBase 的单相电压送至 U-Bus，30% UBase 的单相电压送到 U-\nLine。\n4.\n检测确认 MANENOK(手动无压检查满足)信号被激活。\n5.\n加大 U-Bus 值到 80% UBase 保持 U-Line 等于 30% UBase. 输出量不应被\n激活。\n6.\n将 ManEnerg（手动无压检查方式） 设为 DLLB(仅母线有压) 设置不同\n的 U-Bus 和 U-Line 值，重复进行实验。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n85\n调试手册\n6.9.1.4 \n测试电压选择\n测试单断路器接线方式下的电压选择\n此测试必须要确认的是，在双母线接线方式下，无压检测功能测量所选电压是\n正确的电压。 将 100% UBase 的单相电压送至 U-Line，100% UBase 单相电压\n送至 U-Bus。\n若使用了 PT 断线的 UB1/2OK 输入，则在以下的测试中，这些输入量必须被激\n活。 同时确认去激活会阻止动作，并发出告警。\n1.\n将上面所述的信号和开关量输入和开关量输出连接起来。\n2.\n根据母线连接的类型，将电压输入量和用于每条母线或线路的模拟量连\n接在一起，并确认产生正确的输出信号。\n6.9.1.5 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/控制/SESRSYN(25,SYNC)/X:SESRSYN。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.10 \n测试逻辑功能\n6.10.1 \n跳闸逻辑 SMPPTRC\n装置的某些参数设置是否正确，这些设置的设置请见 5.1 \"准备对 IED 进行定\n值校验\".\n逻辑信号的值用于 SMPPTRC 在本地 HMI 是可用的，该值位于主菜单/测试状\n态/功能状态/逻辑/SMPPTRC(94,1->0)/X:SMPPTRC.在 PCM600 中的信号监视显\n示了和本地人机界面相同的信号。\n该功能和 IED 内其它保护功能（接地故障过电流保护，等等）一起进行功能性\n测试。 当 IED 装置有自动重合闸功能时，建议这个功能和自动重合闸功能一\n起测试，或者说有一个单独的外部元件用来重合闸。 保护系统和自动重合闸\n功能连同起来，测试更加方便。\n6.10.1.1 \n三相动作模式\n1.\n确认参数 AutoLock（自动保持功能投退） 和 TripLockout（跳闸信号\n自保持投退） 都设为 Off（退出）.\n2.\n产生三相故障\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n86\n调试手册\n测试时，必须考虑到故障之间足够的时间间隔，使得在自动重合闸功能\n(SMBRREC) 可能被激活的情况下，来克服 复归 时间. 当跳闸信号被任\n何保护信号、其它内置的或者外部的功能所激活时，该功能必须在所有\n的情况下都能三相 跳闸。 功能的 TRIP 输出信号必须一直出现。\n6.10.1.2 \n断路器跳闸自保持\n当 IED 装置内置有断路器跳闸自保持功能时，除了各种各样其它的测试以外，\n以下测试都必须完成。\n1.\n确认参数 AutoLock（自动保持功能投退）和 TripLockout（跳闸信号自\n保持投退）都设为 Off（退出）.\n2.\n启动三相故障\n每次故障时，功能的输出 TRIP 应该被激活。输出信号 CLLKOUT 不应该置\n位。\n3.\n激活自动自保持功能，设置参数 AutoLock（自动保持功能投退） =\nOn(投入)，重复操作\n除了 TRIP 输出，CLLKOUT 也应置位。\n4.\n通过短时激活复归自保持（RSTLKOUT）信号，复归自保持信号。\n5.\n激活跳闸信号自保持功能，设置参数 TripLockout（跳闸信号自保持投\n退） = On(投入) ，重复操作步骤。\n每次故障时应激活输出 TRIP，故障后也应保持激活，必须置位 CLLKOUT。\n6.\n重复以上步骤。复归自保持信号。\n所有的功能的输出都应该被复归。\n7.\n退出跳闸信号自保持功能，设置参数 TripLockout（跳闸信号自保持投\n退） = Off（退出） ，退出自动自保持功能，设置参数 AutoLock（自\n动保持功能投退） = Off（退出）如果不需要的话.\n6.10.1.3 \n完成测试\n继续测试另一项功能，或结束测试，通过改整定参数 测试模式 为 Off（退\n出） ，该参数位于主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式/1:TESTMODE。如果正在测\n试另一项功能，那么为了这项功能，或者为了设置系列中接下来要测试的每个\n单独功能，需要设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 No ，该参数位于主菜单/测试\n状态/功能试验模式/逻辑/SMPPTRC(94,1->0)/X:SMPPTRC。 记得对于测试过的\n每个独立的功能，设置参数 Blocked（闭锁） 为 Yes。\n6.11 \n测试监视功能\n6.11.1 \n事件计数器 CNTGGIO\n通过将开入量连接到被测计数器上，和从外部给计数器提供脉冲，可以对事件\n计数器进行测试。 脉冲速度不能超过每秒 10 个。 通常，计数器和与其相连\n的功能一起测试，例如跳闸逻辑。 当配置好后，连同 运行它的功能模块一起\n测试。 触发功能，确认计数器的结果是否和功能动作次数相同。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 6\n测试功能\n87\n调试手册\n6.12 \n测试测量功能\n6.12.1 \n脉冲计数器 PCGGIO\n对脉冲计数器 PCGGIO 功能的测试需要参数设定工具 ，该工具位于 PCM600\n中，或带有所需功能，与本地 HMI 合适的连接。 不同频率的已知数目的脉冲\n连接到脉冲计数器输入端。 进行测试要设置定值 投退模式 = On(投入) 或\n者 投退模式 = Off（退出） ，和功能闭锁/解锁。 然后可以通过 PCM600 或\n本地人机界面检查脉冲计数值。\n6.13 \n退出测试模式\n以下步骤可以使 IED 返回正常运行状态。\n1.\n浏览进入测试模式菜单目录。\n2.\n将 On(投入) 改设为 Off（退出），完成整个测试。. 按下'E'键和方向\n键左键。\n3.\n点击 YES，按'E'键退出菜单。\n章节 6\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n测试功能\n88\n调试手册\n章节 7 \n故障清除系统的调试和维护\n7.1 \n故障清除系统的调试和维修\n关于本章\n本章讨论设备的维修测试和定期维修测量。\n7.1.1 \n安装和调试\n保护设备 一直处于运行状态, 可能在几年内处于静态，然后在突然的一瞬间\n需要迅速动作。 这意味着，在一定的时间期限内应对保护设备进行维修测试，\n以检测 IED 的功能或外围的电路故障。 这是现代化保护设备具有先进的自我\n监测功能情况下的一种补充。\n一般正常使用不会对设备造成损害，而一些极端的条件，如机械损伤、AC 或\n者 DC 瞬态、高温环境和高湿度环境才会对设备造成损害。\n送出厂的设备在制造过程中经历了广泛的测试和质量控制。 所有类型的设备\n在开发和设计中都经过了广泛的实验室测试工作。 在生产特定的 IED 之前，\n都根据国家和国际标准进行了测试。 每一台设备在普通的生产过程中，都要\n进行单独测试和校准。\n柜内设备在出厂前要经过不同的检测。 绝缘测试（检查错误接线），并完成\n所有设备的注入电流和电压的测试。\n在变电站设计过程中，可采取一些措施来减少失误，例如，IED 线圈都连到了\n负电位，并且 接地 ，以防止电解质接触腐蚀。\n某些电路应持续监视，以提高其可用性。 例如：\n•\n跳闸回路监视\n•\n保护用直流源监视\n•\n直流系统 接地 故障监视\n•\n母线保护的 CT 回路监督\n应根据环境的要求封装保护 IED。 在热带地区，设备柜使用玻璃门和通风百\n叶。 提供防冷凝加热器(恒温控制）。 柜体功率损耗是有限的,根据 IEC 标\n准， 不应超过保护 IED 的温度范围 55℃.\n7.1.2 \n调试测试\n在调试过程中，应检验每个发电厂使用的所有保护功能的整定值。 调试测试\n要对所有的 电路 进行确认。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 7\n故障清除系统的调试和维护\n89\n调试手册\n此外，要对保护功能的设置进行测试并仔细记录，以便日后定期维护测试使\n用。.\n最后的测试包括所有的定向功能的基本检验，相应的负荷电流在本地 HMI 和\nPCM600 中检查。 电压和电流的 幅值 和角度应该经过对称性检查。\n方向性功能包含了测量方向和测量阻抗信息。 这些值必须通过检查和确认。\n最后还要进行跳闸的测试， 这涉及到保护功能对闭合断路器的跳闸输出，以\n及验证断路器跳闸。 当涉及多个断路器时，每个断路器必须单独检查，并必\n须经过确认所涉及的其他断路器不在同一时间跳闸。\n7.1.3 \n定期维护测试\n所有测试的周期取决于几个因素，例如安装，环境条件，设备的简单或复杂\n性，静态或电磁 IED 等等。\n应遵循用户正常的维修 工作 ， ABB 的建议是：\n每两年或三年\n•\n目视检查所有设备。\n•\n如有必要的话，去除百叶窗和 IED 的灰尘。\n•\n对没有提供冗余保护的设备进行定期维修测试。\n每四年或六年\n•\n有冗余保护系统的 IED 的周期性维修测试。\n第一次维修测试应该在投运后半年后进行。\n当保护与设备控制一体化的 装置，测试周期可以大大增加，达\n15 年，因为 IED 经常性地读取运行值，并对断路器操作。\n7.1.3.1 \n目视检查\n保护 IED 的测试之前，应进行该项检查，以检测可能发生的任何可见的损坏\n（例如，灰尘或潮湿，过热等）。 检查 IED 时，可能会发现烧坏的触点，可使\n用金刚石锉刀或者其他精密仪器来修复触点。 不可使用砂布或类似的产品，\n绝缘磨粒可能会沉积在接触表面而导致其他故障。\n确保所有的 IED 配备有封盖。\n章节 7\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n故障清除系统的调试和维护\n90\n调试手册\n7.1.3.2 \n维修测试\n维修测试应在设备投运半年后进行，之后再按上述推荐周期重复进行。\n保护 IED 进行测试时，最好应与主电路断电。 在测试过程中，设备不能处于\n运行状态。 在设备带有冗余保护，并且主电路不允许断电的情况下，技术人\n员可能对运行设备进行测试。\nABB 保护设备最好使用 COMBITEST 测试系统 进行维修测试，详细介绍请见\nB03-9510 E，主要的组件是 RTXP 8/18/24 测试开关，位于每个保护 IED 的左\n侧，以及 RTXH 8/18/24 测试手柄，位于在二次测试的测试开关内。 所有必要\n的操作，如断开跳闸回路，短路电流电路和电压电路的断开都会自动以正确的\n顺序进行，使二次测试简单和安全，即便是在有设备运行的情况下。\n准备\n测试工程师在测试开始维修之前，应仔细审查适用的电路图，并提供下列文\n件：\n•\nIED 的测试说明书\n•\n以前的调试和维修测试的测试记录\n•\n有效的定值清单\n•\n空白的测试记录报告册\n记录\n仔细记录测试结果是十分重要的。 应采用专用的测试表，内容包括测试频率，\n测试日期和测试值。 应取得定值清单和之前的测试协议，并与之前的测试结\n果做比较。 对于组件故障，应使用备用组件，设置参数为要求的值。 记录所\n做的更改，并记录测量值。 几年的测试检验记录应当保存在一个共同文件中，\n给予定期测试和测试结果予简单概述。 这些测试记录在分析运行中故障时，\n是有价值的。\n二次注入\n定期维护测试是通过一种便携式二次注入测试装置完成的。 每种保护应根据\n具体的 IED 保护二次注入测试信息进行测试。 每种使用的保护功能需通过设\n定值检查。 如果测量值和要求设定的值差异较大，那么设定值需要重新调整，\n测量报告要更改，并且要有相应的说明。\n告警测试\n当插入测试手柄 时，告警信号和事件信号一般是闭锁的。 这是通过设置 IED\n中的事件报告为 Off（退出） 来实现的。 当插入测试手柄或者在本地 HMI 上\n设置 IED 为测试模式后，告警信号和事件信号是闭锁的。 二次注入测试的最\n后，要激活事件，通过完成选定的测试，检测事件信号和告警信号是否正确发\n出。\n自我监视检查\n二次测试完成后，应该检测是否有自我监视信号不间断或者偶尔发出。 尤其\n应检查时钟同步系统，GPS 或其他通讯信号，包括站内通信和远程通信，例\n如，差动保护通信系统。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 7\n故障清除系统的调试和维护\n91\n调试手册\n跳闸回路检查\n当对保护设备进行运行检查时，可从一个或多个输出触点接收跳闸脉冲，最好\n是从测试开关获取。 电路正常对保护动作至关重要。 当没有提供持续的跳闸\n回路监视时，要检查去除测试插件手柄后电路是否真正闭合，这是通过使用高\n阻抗电压表来测试正极和跳闸出口之间的电压来实现的。 测量断路器跳闸线\n圈后，即完成了整个跳闸回路检查。\n注意，断路器必须处于闭合状态。\n注意，测试过程中，测试系统没有其内置的安全功能。 如果仪\n器设置是安培而不是伏特，那么断路器将会跳闸，因此，测试\n时要非常仔细。\n从跳闸设备到断路器之间的跳闸回路一般由跳闸回路监视功能来进行监视。\n打开设备柜中的跳闸输出端子，检查回路是否正常。 当终端断开后，告警信\n号系统在经过几秒的延时后，会发出告警。\n但是，测试后谨记恢复回路，并仔细拧紧端子！\n运行电流测量\n维修测试后，建议通过保护设备量取运行电流和电压。 运行值通过 本地 HMI\n或 PCM600 也可得到。 确保记录正确电压电流值及其相角差。 检查方向性保\n护功能的方向是否正确，如距离保护和方向性过流保护。\n对于变压器差动保护，取得的差动电流值取决于分接头位置，大小可在 1%到\n10%额定电流之间变化。 对于线路差动保护功能，电容充电电流一般记录为差\n动电流。\n保护设备还应测量 接地故障电流, 其值一般很小，在电流回路是“接入”的\n情况下，是可以观察到的。\n接 地故障的中性点电压也是需要检查的， 这一电压的二次测量值一般是 0.1\n到 1V, 但是，由于存在谐波，这一电压可能会更高， 一般情况下，CVT 二次\n侧可含 2.3-3%的三次谐波电压。\n恢复\n保护系统的维修是很重要的，在保护要求运行前检查到故障可以提高系统的有\n效性。 但是维修过程中，测试好的设备，在恢复时可能会带来接线端子未闭\n合、保险丝断开、以及微型断路器断开或设置错误等等问题。\n因此，在测试时要对所作的改动列一张清单，一般在测试结束后毫无遗漏的快\n速恢复运行。 应该对系统逐项恢复，并由专门的负责工程师签字。\n章节 7\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n故障清除系统的调试和维护\n92\n调试手册\n章节 8 \n检修\n8.1 \n故障追踪\n8.1.1 \n识别硬件故障\n1.\n检查模块是否存在故障。\n•\n要检查 IED 常规状态，是在主菜单/诊断/继电器状态/常规以了解\n硬件模块是否发生故障。\n•\n要检查内部事件列表中的更改历史，是在主菜单/诊断/内部事件.\n2.\n目视检查 IED。\n•\n目视检查继电器，查找物理故障原因。\n•\n如果您可以找到明显的物理损坏，请联系 ABB 进行修理或更换。\n3.\n检查故障是外部的还是内部的。\n•\n检查故障是否由外部源导致。\n•\n从继电器上拆下配线，并使用外部测试装置测试输入和输出。\n•\n如果问题仍然存在，请联系 ABB 进行修理或更换。\n8.1.2 \n识别运行故障\n1.\n从 IED 的内部事件列表检查故障源，是在主菜单/诊断/继电器状态/常\n规.\n2.\n重启继电器并重新检查监视事件，以查看故障是否清除。\n3.\n如果为永久性故障，请联系 ABB 进行维修。\n8.1.3 \n识别通讯故障\n通常通讯故障为通讯链接引起的通讯中断或同步信息故障。\n•\n在的内部事件列表中检查 IEC61850 和 DNP3 的通信状态主菜单/诊断/继电\n器状态/常规.\n•\n如果永久性故障源于继电器内部故障如部件故障，请联系 ABB 进行修理\n或更换。\n8.1.3.1 \n检查通信连接运行情况\n本产品有几种不同的通信连接。 首先检查所有用于通信的通信端口是否打开。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 8\n检修\n93\n调试手册\n1.\n检查前面板的通信端口 RJ-45。\n1.1. 检查确认级联的 LED 被点亮发出稳定的绿光。\n该级联的 LED 位于 LHMI 上，在左边的 RJ-45 通信端口的上方。\n通过交叉以太网电缆连接，此端口可直接与电脑电气通讯。\n1.2. 检查前面板端口的通信状态，是通过 LHMI 在 主菜单/测试状态/\n功能状态/通信/1:DOSFRNT/输出状态.\n检查确认 连接 值是否是 1，是 1 则通信正在工作。 若值是 0，则\n没有通信连接。\n后面板端口接口 X0 用于把外部 HMI 接到 IED. 如果 连\n接 值是 0，那端口 X0 无通信连接。 若 IED 装有 LMHI，不\n要使用后面板端口接口 X0。\n2.\n检查后面板端口 X1 的通信状态，是通过 LHMI 在 主菜单/测试状态/功\n能状态/通信/1:DOSLAN1/输出状态.\n装置后面板的通信端口 X1 是通过 LC 接口用于光纤以太网的或者通过\nIEC61850-8-1 站级总线通信的 RJ-45 接口用于电气连接的。\n•\n检查确认 连接 值是否是 1，是 1 则通信正在工作。 若值是 0，则\n没有通信连接。\n8.1.3.2 \n检查时间同步性\n•\n选择 主菜单/诊断/继电器状态/常规 并检查时钟同步性的状态是在 时钟\n同步.\n该 Time synch 值是 就绪 当时钟同步处于工作状态。 注意要激活时钟\n同步源。 否则这个值一直是 就绪.\n8.1.4 \n运行显示屏测试\n要运行显示屏测试，使用按钮或通过菜单启动测试。\n•\n选择 主菜单/测试状态/LED 测试.\n•\n按下 \n 或者  同时按下 \n 和 \n.\n同时打开所有 LED 来检测它们。 监控器显示一组模式，这样可以激活所\n有的像素。 测试之后，显示屏显示屏恢复标准状态。\n8.2 \n指示信息\n8.2.1 \n内部故障\n当就绪 LED 闪烁时说明有内部故障，故障相关信息可以在 LHMI 菜单的内部事\n件中找到。 主菜单/诊断/内部事件. 信息包括故障的日期、时间，描述和信\n章节 8\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n检修\n94\n调试手册\n号状态。 事件列表不能动态更新。 更新列表要退出 内部事件 菜单，再选择\n它。 检查内部故障信号的当前状态还可通过 LHMI 的 主菜单/诊断/装置状态.\n根据故障的严重性采取不同的措施。 发现故障为永久性 故障后，IED 维持内\n部故障模式。 在发生故障的情况下，IED 继续执行内部测试。\n发生故障时，应记录故障指示信息，并在要求预约服务时提供。\n表 4:\n内部故障指示\n故障指示\n附加信息\n内部故障\n实时时钟故障\n实时时钟硬件故障。\n内部故障\n实时执行程序 出错\n一条或多条应用进程没有正常工作。\n内部故障\n软件看门狗出错\n终端负载过重持续至少 5 分钟，该信号\n会被激活。\n内部故障\n实时应用程序出错\n一条或多条应用进程没有处于应有的状\n态。\n内部故障\n文件系统出错\n发生文件系统故障。\n内部故障\n模拟量模块（TRM）出错\n模拟量模块（TRM）板卡错误。 故障指\n示末端显实例编号。\n内部故障\n通信出错\n发生通信板卡错误。 故障指示末端显实\n例编号。\n内部故障\n电源模块（PSM）出错\n发生电源模块（PSM）板卡错误。 故障\n指示末端显实例编号。\n8.2.2 \n告警\n故障相关的告警信息位于 LHMI 菜单的内部事件列表下。 主菜单/诊断/内部事\n件. 信息包括故障的日期、时间，描述和信号状态。 检查内部故障信号的当\n前状态还可通过 LHMI 的 主菜单/诊断/装置状态/常规.\n发生故障时，记录故障指示信息，并在要求售后服务时提供。\n表 5:\n告警指示\n告警指示\n附加信息\n告警\nIEC 61850 出错\nIEC 61850 没有成功的完成某\n些行为，例如读取配置文件，\n启动等等。\n告警\nDNP3 出错\nDNP3 通讯出错。\n8.2.3 \n附加指示\n附加指示信息不会引起内部故障或告警。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 8\n检修\n95\n调试手册\n这些信息位于 LHMI 菜单的事件列表下。 信号状态数据位于 IED 状态和内部事\n件列表之内。\n表 6:\n附加指示\n告警指示\n附加信息\n时钟同步出错\n失去时钟同步源或时间系统进行了时间复归。\n1 号电池出错\n辅助电源断开。\n定值更改\n定值已经被更改。\n定值组更改\n定值组已经被更改。\n8.3 \n校正步骤\n8.3.1 \n更改和设置密码\n只能通过 PCM600 设置密码\n有关更多信息，请参考 PCM600 文件。\n8.3.2 \n识别继电器应用问题\n进入 LHMI 的相应菜单，识别 IED 可能的问题。\n•\n检查功能是否启动。\n•\n检查正确的定值组（1-4）是否被激活。\n•\n检查闭锁。\n•\n检查模式。\n•\n检查测量值。\n•\n检查与跳闸和故障录波功能的连接。\n•\n检查通道设置。\n8.3.2.1 \n检查配线\n配线接线的实物检查通常会发现相电流或电压的连接错误。 但是，即使连接\n到 IED 端子的相电流和电压是正确的，一个或多个测量变压器的极性错误也\n会导致问题。\n•\n检查电流或电压测量值及其相信息，是在主菜单/测量/一次模拟值或 模\n拟二次电压.\n•\n检查相信息以及相位之间的相角是否正确。\n•\n修正配线。\n•\n更改参数 Negation 在 配置/模拟量模块/三相模拟量组/\n1:SMAI_20_n(n= SMAI 的使用数量)。\n章节 8\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n检修\n96\n调试手册\n没有专业技术，不推荐更改 Negation 参数。\n•\n在 PCM600 内，更改参数 CTStarPointn (n=电流输入量数目)，在每\n个电流输入量的参数设定菜单中。\n•\n检查连接的开入量的实际状态。\n•\n在 LHMI，选择主菜单/测试状态/开关量输入/开关量输入模块。然后\n进入面板检查实际开关量输入值。\n•\n利用 PCM600，右键单击产品并选择 信号监测. 然后进入实际 I/O\n板，查看有问题的开关量输入值。 当前开关量输入信号状态由一个\n黄色发亮二极管指示。\n•\n测量输出接点通过技术数据给出的输出继电器最小节点负载，使用电压降\n落的方法，例如 24 V AC/DC 时为 100mA。\n输出继电器，尤其是输出功率继电器，是设计用于开断大\n电流的。 因此，接点表面也许会出现高电阻层。 不要用\n普通的手持欧姆表测量值去判定连接的正常功能性和接点\n电阻。\nA\n1\n2\n3\n4\nV\nGUID-BBAEAF55-8D01-4711-A71D-BBC76B60BA3D V1 ZH\n图 19:\n利用电压降落法测试输出接点\n1\n接点电流\n2\n接点电压降落\n3\n负荷\n4\n电源\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 8\n检修\n97\n调试手册\nV\n1\n2\nA\nGUID-31DF5495-91F1-4A4B-8FD5-50625038961E V1 ZH\n图 20:\n测试跳闸接点\n1\n被测的跳闸接点\n2\n限流电阻器\n•\n要通过 LHMI 检查驱动输出继电器的输出电路状态，选择主菜单/测试状\n态/开关量输出/开关量输出模块，然后转到面板检查实际开出量值。\n•\n手动测试和更改继电器状态。\n1.\n要把 IED 设为测试模式，选择主菜单/测试状态/IED 测试模式\n1:TESTMODE/测试模式并把参数设定为 On(投入).\n2.\n让继电器动作或强制其动作，选择然后转到强制动作实际的输出继\n电器动作。\n3.\n选择 BOn_PO 来运行或强制运行，并按下 \n 和 \n 或者 \n 来操\n作实际的输出继电器。\n在 PCM600 中，通过右键单击产品并选择信号监视工具，然后转到实\n际 I/O 板，进入测试的开入量，只能检查这些操作运行的结果。 当\n前开出量信号由一个黄色发亮二极管指出。  每个 BOn_PO 都由 2 个\n信号表示。 LHMI 的第一个信号是输出的实际值 1 或 0，在 PCM600\n章节 8\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n检修\n98\n调试手册\n中就是亮着或熄灭的二极管。 第二个信号是状态为正常或强制。\n只有在以下情况，强制状态才会被激活，就是 LMHI 上的 BO 被设为\n强制 或运行。\n设置 测试模式 为 Off（退出），在完成这些测试\n后。 该 启动 LED 会停止闪烁，当继电器不再处于测\n试模式的时候。\n由于电气清除效应和电阻层被破坏，刚开始很大的接点电阻会迅速减小到毫欧\n范围，所以它不会造成问题。 因此，全部电压都降落在负荷上。\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 8\n检修\n99\n调试手册\n100\n章节 9 \n术语表\nAC\n交流电流\nACT\nPCM600 中的应用配置工具\nA/D converter\n模/数转换器\nADBS\n幅值静区监视\nAI\n模拟输入量\nANSI\n美国国家标准协会\nAR\n自动重合闸\nASCT\n辅助电流互感器求和\nASD\n自适应信号检测\nAWG\n美国线规标准\nBI\n开关量输入\nBOS\n开关量输出状态\nBR\n外部双稳态继电器\nBS\n英国标准\nCAN\n控制器区域网络。 用于串行通入的 ISO 标准（ISO\n11898）\nCB\n断路器控制\nCCITT\n国际电报电话咨询委员会。 联合国发起的在国际电信联\n合会之内的标准团体。\nCCVT\n耦合电容式电压互感器\nClass C\nIEEE/ ANSI 标准规定的保护电流互感器等级\nCMPPS\n每秒综合的兆脉冲\nCMT\nPCM600 的通信管理工具\nCO cycle\n合－分周期\nCodirectional\n通过平衡线路传送 G.703 的方式。 要 2 根双绞线，以使\n其可在两个方向传输信息\nCOMTRADE\n按 IEC60255-24 的标准格式\nContra-\ndirectional\n通过平衡线路传送 G.703 的方式。 要 4 根双绞线，2 根\n用于在两个方向上传输数据，2 根用于传送时钟信号\nCPU\n中央处理器单元\nCR\n载波收信\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 9\n术语表\n101\n调试手册\nCRC\n循环冗余检查\nCROB\n控制继电器的输出模块\nCS\n载波发信\nCT\n电流互感器\nCVT\n电容式电压互感器\nDAR\n带延时的自动重合闸\nDARPA\n美国国防部远景研究规划局（TCP/IP 等规约的美国研发\n人员）\nDBDL\n母线无电，线路无电\nDBLL\n母线无电，线路有电\nDC\n直流电流\nDFC\n数据流控制\nDFT\n离散付氏变换\nDHCP\n动态主机配置协议\nDIP-switch\n印制电路板上安装的小开关\nDI\n数字输入\nDLLB\n线路无电，母线有电\nDNP\n分布式网络协议，按照每一个 IEEE/ANSI 标准 1379-2000\nDR\n故障录波\nDRAM\n动态随机存储器\nDRH\n故障报告处理器\nDSP\n数字信号处理器\nDTT\n直接转移跳闸方案\nEHV network\n超高压网络\nEIA\n电子工业协会\nEMC\n电磁兼容\nEMF\n（电动势）\nEMI\n电磁干扰\nEnFP\n末端故障（断路器与 CT 之间的故障）\nEPA\n增强性能结构\nESD\n静电放电\nFCB\n数据流控制位；帧计数位\nFOX 20\n带 20 个通道模块的电信系统，用于话音、数据及保护信\n号传输\nFOX 512/515\n访问复接器的设备\n章节 9\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n术语表\n102\n调试手册\nFOX 6Plus\n压缩的时分复接器，用于通过光纤传送数字信息，最多有\n7 个双工通道\nG.703\n当地电话公司使用的数字线路的电气描述及功能描述。\n可通过平衡与非平衡线路传输\nGCM\n带有 GPS 收信模块载体的通信接口模块\nGDE\nPCM600 内的图形显示编辑器\nGI\n通用查询命令\nGIS\n气体绝缘的开关装置\nGOOSE\n面向通用对象的变电站事件\nGPS\n全球定位系统\nHDLC protocol\n高级数据链路控制，规约基于 HDLC 标准\nHFBR connector\ntype\n塑料光纤连接器\nHMI\n人机界面\nHSAR\n高速重合闸\nHV\n高压\nHVDC\n高压直流\nIDBS\n综合死区监视\nIEC\n国际电工委员会\nIEC 60044-6\nEC 标准，仪用互感器第 6 部分： 保护用的电流互感器暂\n态特性要求\nIEC 61850\n变电站自动化通信标准\nIEEE\n电气和电子工程师协会\nIEEE 802.12\n在双绞线上或光纤电路上提供 100Mb/s 速率的网络技术标\n准\nIEEE P1386.1\n用于本地总线模块的 PCI 夹层卡（PMC）。机械方面参考\nCMC（IEEE P1386，也称为公用夹层卡）标准，电气上的\n电动势参考 PCI SIG（特别兴趣小组）PCI 规范\nIED\n智能式电子装置\nI-GIS\n智能式气体绝缘开关装置\nInstance\n当 IED 中可能有多个相同功能时，就指该功能的实例。一\n个功能的一个实例与同种功能的另一个实例功能相同，但\n在 IED 用户接口中有不同的编号。 该单词有时也定义为\n一种信息项。同样 IED 中一个实例代表一种功能。\nIP\n1. 互联网协议。 TCP/IP 协议包的网络层广泛用于以太\n网。 IP 为无连接、高效的分组交换协议。 它通过数据\n链路层提供分组寻址、拆分、重装。\n2. 按 IEC 标准的抗侵入保护\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 9\n术语表\n103\n调试手册\nIP 20\n按 IEC 标准，抗侵入保护等级为 20\nIP 40\n按 IEC 标准，抗侵入保护等级为 40\nIP 54\n按 IEC 标准，抗侵入保护等级为 54\nIRF\n内部故障信号\nIRIG-B:\n靶场仪器组时间码格式 B，标准 200\nITU\n国际电信联合会\nLAN\n局域网\nLIB 520\n高压软件模块\nLCD\n液晶显示器\nLDD\n就地检测装置\nLED\n发光二极管\nMCB\n小型断路器\nMCM\n夹层载体模块\nMVB\n多功能车辆总线，最初开发用于列车的标准串行总线\nNCC\n国家控制中心\nOCO cycle\n分－合－分循环\nOCP\n过电流保护\nOLTC\n有载调压\nOV\n过电压\nOverreach\n用于描述故障期间继电器行为的术语。 例如当距离继电\n器所呈现的阻抗小于故障施加于边界即整定范围处的视在\n阻抗时，即发生超越。 继电器“看”到了故障，但或许\n它本不应该看到该故障。\nPCI\n外围元件互联，一种就地数据总线\nPCM\n脉冲编码调制\nPCM600\nIED 装置保护控制管理器软件\nPC-MIP\n夹层卡标准\nPISA\n传感器与传动装置的接口处理\nPMC\nPCI 夹层卡\nPOR\n允许式超范围\nPOTT\n超范围允许式传输跳闸\nProcess bus\n过程层即在测量部件和/或控制部件附近处所用的总线或\nLAN 网\nPSM\n电源模块\nPST\nPCM600 内参数整定工具\n章节 9\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n术语表\n104\n调试手册\nPT ratio\n电压互感器变比\nPUTT\n欠范围允许式传输跳闸\nRASC\n同期检查继电器，CMBIFLEX\nRCA\n继电器特性角\nRFPP\n相间故障电阻\nRFPE\n相地故障电阻\nRISC\n指令组简化的计算机\nRMS value\n均方根值\nRS422\n点对点连接中用于数字信息传输的平衡式串行接口\nRS485\n按 EIA 标准 RS485 的串行链路\nRTC\n实时时钟\nRTU\n远方终端装置\nSA\n变电站自动化\nSBO\n先选择后操作\nSC\n合闸开关或按键\nSCS\n站控制系统\nSCADA\n监控和数据采集系统\nSCT\n按 IEC61850 标准的系统配置工具\nSDU\n服务数据单元\nSMA connector\n次小 A 型，一种带有恒定阻抗的螺纹型连接器 。\nSMT\nPCM600 内信号矩阵工具\nSMS\n站监视系统\nSNTP\n简单网络的时间同步规约，用于在局域网中同步计算机的\n时钟。 可减少网络中每个嵌入式系统对硬件时钟精度的\n要求。 如果远方时钟有所要求的精度，则每个嵌入式节\n点可通过其同步。\nSRY\n断路器就绪条件的切换接点\nST\n分闸开关或按键\nStarpoint\n中性点 ，变压器或发电机的中性点。\nSVC\n静态无功补偿\nTC\n跳闸线圈\nTCS\n跳闸回路监视\nTCP\n传输控制协议。 用于以太网与互联网中最常见的透明层\n协议。\nTCP/IP\n互联网协议上的传输控制协议。 事实上标准以太网协议\n包含于 4.2BSD Unix. TCP/IP 内的以太网协议由 DARPA 开\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n章节 9\n术语表\n105\n调试手册\n发，用于互联网运行，并且包含网络层和传输层的协\n议。 TCP 和 IP 指的是特定协议层的两个协议，TCP/IP 常\n用于指基于这两个协议的全部美国国防部协议包，包括\nTelnet、FTP、UDP 和 RDP\nTNC connector\n螺纹连接器，BNC 连接器的恒定阻抗螺纹型版\nTPZ, TPY, TPX,\nTPS\n按 IEC 标准的电流互感器等级\nUMT\n用户管理工具\nUnderreach\n用于描述故障期间继电器行为的术语。 例如当距离继电\n器所呈现的阻抗大于故障施加于边界即整定范围处的视在\n阻抗时，即发生继电器失灵。 继电器没有“看”到故障，\n但或许它应该看到故障。 参见 Overreach。\nU/I-PISA\n传送电压、电流测量值的接口处理部件\nUTC\n协调世界时间。 坐标时间刻度由国际计量局(BIPM)维持，\n其构成标准频率和时间信号协调传播的基础。 UTC 由国\n际原子时间（TAI）通过添加润秒的整数值导出，用于同\n全球时间 1（UT1）同步。因而考虑地球轨道的离心率，\n将旋转轴倾斜（23.5 度），但仍然示出地球的不规则旋\n转，UTC 正是基于此。 协调世界时采用 24 小时时钟表\n示，并使用 Gregorian 日历。 它用于航空和航海导航，\n其有时也用军事名称称为\"Zulu 时间\"。 语音字母中\n的\"Zulu\"代表\"Z \"， 即表示经度的“0”。\nUV\n低电压\nWEI\n弱馈逻辑\nVT\n电压互感器\nX.21\n数字通信接口，主要用于电信设备\n3IO\n3 倍零序电流。通常称为剩余电流或接地故障电流。\n3UO\n3 倍零序电压。通常称为剩余电压或中性点电压\n章节 9\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n术语表\n106\n调试手册\n107\n联系我们\nABB AB\nSubstation Automation Products\nSE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden\n电话\n+46 (0) 21 32 50 00\n传真\n+46 (0) 21 14 69 18\nwww.abb.com/substationautomation\nSAC\n国电南京自动化股份有限公司\nGuodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd.\nZip:211100\n南京 江宁开发区, 中国\n电话\n+86 25 51183000\n传真\n+86 25 51183883\nwww.sac-china.com\n1MRK 502 035-UZH -\n© 版权 2013 ABB. 版权所有.\n\n\n调试人员在调试REG650前需要准备哪些资料?调试包含哪些主要步骤?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "573aefcf40264a01937082ff211f65cc", "conversation_index": 746434, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1172, "prompt": "given the following table, list all instance types\n\nArchitecture\tNVIDIA GPU\tInstance type\tInstance name\tNumber of GPUs\tGPU Memory (per GPU)\tGPU Interconnect (NVLink / PCIe)\tThermal\nDesign Power (TDP) from nvidia-smi\tTensor Cores (mixed-precision)\tPrecision Support\tCPU Type\tNitro based\nAmpere\tA100\tP4\tp4d.24xlarge\t8\t40 GB\tNVLink gen 3 (600 GB/s)\t400W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tIntel Xeon Scalable (Cascade Lake)\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.xlarge\t1\t24 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.2xlarge\t1\t24 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.4xlarge\t1\t24 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.8xlarge\t1\t24 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.16xlarge\t1\t24 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.12xlarge\t4\t24 GB\tPCIe\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.24xlarge\t4\t24 GB\tPCIe\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nAmpere\tA10G\tG5\tg5.48xlarge\t8\t24 GB\tPCIe\t300W\tTensor Cores (Gen 3)\tFP64, FP32, FP16, INT8, BF16, TF32\tAMD EPYC\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.2xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.4xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.8xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.16xlarge\t2\t16 GB\tPCIe\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4G\tG5\tg5g.metal\t2\t16 GB\tPCIe\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tAWS Graviton2\tYes\nTuring\tT4\tG4\tg4dn.xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tIntel Xeon Scalable (Cascade Lake)\tYes\nTuring\tT4\tG4\tg4dn.2xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tIntel Xeon Scalable (Cascade Lake)\tYes\nTuring\tT4\tG4\tg4dn.4xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tIntel Xeon Scalable (Cascade Lake)\tYes\nTuring\tT4\tG4\tg4dn.8xlarge\t1\t16 GB\tNA (single GPU)\t70W\tTensor Cores (Gen 2)\tFP32, FP16, INT8\tIntel Xeon Scalable (Cascade Lak"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d01386dca582461aba4a68e3fad3378e", "conversation_index": 690575, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1335, "prompt": "Below are the pre-test and post-test data of an experimental group, analyse them with t-test and give and explain the results in a table in accordance with apa 7.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     pretest\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\npretest\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\npretest\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\npretest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\npretest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\nposttest\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0\t0,0\t1,0\t1,0\t1,0"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "9207af927d6a4e51a18f2fe9a9073590", "conversation_index": 767978, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1165, "prompt": "قارن لي بين هذا المكمل الغذائي وما يحتويه من الفيتامينات: (\tمقدار كل جرعة\tالنسبة المئوية للقيمة اليومية\nإجمالي الكربوهيدرات\t<1 جم\t0%*\nفيتامين أ (في صورة أسيتات الريتينيل، وبيتا كاروتين)\t1800 مكجم\t200%\nفيتامين جـ (في صورة حمض الأسكوربيك، وأسكوربات الكالسيوم)\t135 ملجم\t150%\nفيتامين د (كوليكالسيفيرول)\t10 مكجم\t50%\nفيتامين هـ (في صورة دي-ألفا خلات التوكوفيريل، ود-ألفا خلات التوكوفيرول)\t40.1 ملجم\t267%\nثيامين (في صورة أحادي نترات الثيامين)\t20.2 ملجم\t1,683%\nريبوفلافين\t13.3 ملجم\t1,023%\nنياسين (في صورة النياسيناميد، أو حمض نيكوتيني)\t30 ملجم\t188%\nفيتامين ب6 (في صورة هيدروكلوريد البيريدوكسين، أو بيريدوكسال-5-فوسفات)\t10.2 ملجم\t600%\nفولات\t510 مكجم مكافئ فولات غذائي (300 مكجم حمض الفوليك)\t128%\nفيتامين ب12 (في صورة سيانوكوبالامين)\t100 مكجم\t4,167%\nبيوتين\t165 مكجم\t550%\nحمض البانتوثنيك (في صورة د-بانتوثينات الكالسيوم)\t80 ملجم\t1,600%\nكولين (في صورة بيطرطرات الكولين، كولين سترات ثنائي الهيدروجين)\t10 ملجم\t2%\nكالسيوم (في صورة كربونات الكالسيوم، سترات الكالسيوم، د-بانتوثينات الكالسيوم، أسكوربات الكالسيوم، ثاني فوسفات الكالسيوم)\t180 ملجم\n14%\nمغنيسيوم (في صورة أكسيد المغنيسيوم)\t145 ملجم\t35%\nزنك (في صورة أكسيد الزنك، حمض أميني مخلّب من الزنك)\t13.3 ملجم\t121%\nنحاس (في صورة حمض أميني مخلّب من النحاس)\t1.05 ملجم\t117%\nمنجنيز (في صورة مونوهيدرات كبريتات المنجنيز)\t2.2 ملجم\t96%\nموليبدينوم (في صورة حمض أميني مخلّب من الموليبدينوم)\t10 مكجم\t22%\nصوديوم\t20 ملجم\t<1%\nبوتاسيوم (في صورة كلوريد البوتاسيوم)\t40 ملجم\t<1%\nمصفوفة دعم أميني\t816 ملجم\t†\nجلايسين\t806 ملجم\t†\nل-ميثيونين\t2.5 ملجم\t†\nمالات ل-سيترولين\t2.5 ملجم\t†\nهيدروكلوريد ل-أرجينين\t2.5 ملجم\t†\nل-سيستين\t2.5 ملجم\t†\nخلاصات عشبية\t401 ملجم\t†\nمسحوق الجنكة (في صورة الجنكة مشقوقة الأوراق) (أوراق)\t100 ملجم\t†\nخلاصة القهوة الخضراء (في صورة قهوة كانيفورا روبوستا) (حبوب)\t100 ملجم\t†\nبنسبة موحدة تبلغ 45% من حمض كلوروجينك\t\t\nخلاصة العنب (في صورة فيتيس فينيفيرا) (قشور)\t75 ملجم\t†\nبنسب موحدة من البوليفينولات والأنثوسيانينات\t\t\nخلاصة الكركم (في صورة كركوما لونجا) (جذمور)\t60 ملجم\n†\nخلاصة البلميط المنشاري (في صورة سيرينو ريبينس) (ثمار)\t50 ملجم\n†\nبنسب موحدة من الأحماض الدهنية\t\t\nخلاصة القنفذية (في صورة إشنسيا أنجوستيفوليا) (جذور)\t15 ملجم\t†\nثماني كوزانول (من شمع الأرز)\t1.25 ملجم\t†\nمركب أملاح معدنية داعمة\t115 ملجم\t†\nكلوريد البوتاسيوم\t68 ملجم\t†\nبيطرطرات الكولين\t14 ملجم\t†\nكولين سترات ثنائي الهيدروجين\t13 ملجم\t†\nإينوزيتول\t10 ملجم\t†\nبورون (في صورة سترات البورون)\t10 ملجم\t†\nمركب الإنزيمات\t50 ملجم\t†\nأميليز\t25 ملجم\t†\nباباين\t25 ملجم\t†). وهذه المكمل الغذائي: (\tمقدار كل وجبة\tالنسبة المئوية للقيمة اليومية\nفيتامين أ [60% في صورة بيتا كاروتين (Betatene®)، و40% في صورة بالميتات الريتينيل]\t3000 مكجم\t333%\nفيتامين جـ (من أسكوربات الكالسيوم)\t250 ملجم\t278%\n"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "2f6b953cc8d9489dbf8112a11d552e9f", "conversation_index": 301415, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 921, "prompt": "what are some problems and bugs with the following code? \"\"import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from astropy import constants as const from astropy import units as u from astroquery.simbad import Simbad from astroML.plotting import scatter_contour\n\nDefine classes for Vec2 and Particle similar to the previous program Define class for binary system (combining Hellion and Sarnan) class BinarySystem: def init(self, hellion_data, sarnan_data, orbital_data): # Initialize the binary system using the provided data # Set up the stars (Hellion and Sarnan) with their properties # Set up the orbital parameters (semi-major axis, eccentricity, etc.) pass\n\nCheck the units of the input data for key, value in orbital_data.items(): if not isinstance(value, u.Quantity): raise ValueError(f'The value {key} must be a Quantity.')\n\n... (rest of the class methods)\nMain code to create the binary system and perform simulations def main(): # Data for Hellion hellion_data = { 'Age': 5.2e9 * u.year, 'Radius': 699226.7 * u.km, 'Hydrogen Abundance': 71.2 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Helium Abundance': 8.3 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Metallicity': 0.38 * 1e-2, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Mass': 2.148228e30 * u.kg, 'Density': 1.6736e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Volume': 1.31316e30 * u.km3, 'Average Density': 1.634e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Total Binding Energy (U1)': 2.3096e36 * u.joule, 'Central Density (Hellion)': 1500.1605932993 * u.kg / u.m3, 'Density at r = 500,000 km': 4.633 * u.kg / u.km**3, 'Composition': { 'Hydrogen (H)': 71.2 * 0.01, 'Helium (He)': 8.3 * 0.01, 'Carbon (C)': 5.2 * 0.01, 'Nitrogen (N)': 2.4 * 0.01, 'Oxygen (O)': 0.77 * 0.01, 'Silicon (Si)': 6 * 0.01, 'Iron (Fe)': 0.16 * 0.01, 'Sulfur (S)': 0.04 * 0.01, 'NAME_1 (B)': 2.9 * 0.01, 'Sodium (Na)': 1.5 * 0.01, 'Magnesium (Mg)': 4.8 * 0.01 * 0.98, # Reduced by 2% from its previous value } }\n\nData for Sarnan\nsarnan_data = { 'Age': 5.2e9 * u.year, 'Radius': 699496.94 * u.km, 'Hydrogen Abundance': 73.1 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Helium Abundance': 8.0 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Metallicity': 0.4 * 1e-2, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Mass': 2.14751e30 * u.kg, 'Density': 1.6730e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Volume': 1.31377e30 * u.km3, 'Average Density': 1.634e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Total Binding Energy (U2)': 2.3101e36 * u.joule, 'Central Density (Sarnan)': 1497.921756058127 * u.kg / u.m3, 'Composition': { 'Hydrogen (H)': 73.1 * 0.01, 'Helium (He)': 8.0 * 0.01, 'Carbon (C)': 5.2 * 0.01, 'Nitrogen (N)': 2.4 *"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "996e9377794740268ecf5a3d998955df", "conversation_index": 608133, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 985, "prompt": "I have a text of an invoice in Hebrew. It was extracted from a PDF using OCR. You job is to take the data and return a JSON object containing all the relevant information from the data. This is the structure you should return, and bellow is the data to arrange:\n\n{\n\"vendor\": {\n\"name\": \"\",\n\"branch\": \"\",\n\"address\": \"\",\n\"telephone\": \"\",\n\"fax\": \"\",\n\"authorized_dealer_number\": \"\",\n\"VAT_file_number\": \"\",\n\"deduction_file_number\": \"\"\n},\n\"customer\": {\n\"name\": \"\",\n\"address\": \"\",\n\"telephone\": \"\",\n\"fax\": \"\",\n\"authorized_dealer_number\": \"\",\n\"order_date\": \"\",\n\"print_date\": \"\"\n},\n\"order_number\": \"\",\n\"items\": [\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n},\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n},\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n},\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n},\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n},\n{\n\"line\": \"\",\n\"product_description\": \"\",\n\"quantity\": \"\",\n\"unit_price\": \"\",\n\"total_price\": \"\"\n}\n],\n\"total_price\": \"\",\n\"supplier_number\": \"\",\n\"current_edition\": \"\",\n\"delivery_date\": \"\",\n\"confirmation_signatory\": \"\"\n}\n\nThis is the data:\n\nפוד האוס שאח בע\"מ\n\nסניף: קריית הממשלה תל אביב\n\nמצדה 9, מגדל ב.0.ר 3\n\nתדו7\n\nבני ברק 5120109\n\nטלפון: 035433100, פקס: 035759873\nעוסק מורשה: 516324696\n\nמספר תיק במע\"מ: 516324696\n\nמס. תיק ניכויים: 939832135\n\n8\n\nבוו\n\nלכבוד: תאריך הזמנה: 16/01/23\nתנובה מרכז שיתופי לשיווק תוצרת חקלאית בע\"מ תאריך הדפסה: 11:13 16/01/23\nת.ד. 7007\n\nרמת השרון 47100.\nטלפון: 03-6986154 פקס: 03-6986183.\nמס. עוסק מורשה: 570000745\n\nהזמנת רכש מספר 023000844\n\nשורה | מק\"ט מק\"ט ספק תאור מוצר ת. אספקה כמות מחיר ליחידה סה\"כ מחיר\n\n1 5 2 | משקה סויה לייט בטעם טיבעי טרי 1 ליטר 3 | 16.00 יח\" 0 שיח 200\n\n2 7 4 4/4 משקה סויה במתיקות מופחתת 1 ליטר 3 | 16.00 יח\" 0 שיח 200\n\n3 ל 0 | יופלה און טופ פצפוצים 3 | 48.00 יח\" 0 שיח 00\n\n4 008 4 | יופלה או טופ כוכבים 3 | 48.00 יח\" 0 שיח 00\n\n5 09 1 | יופלה און טופ גרנולה 3 | 48.00 יח\" 0 שיח 00\n\n6 3 7 | יופלה און טופ קורנפלקס 3 | 48.00 יח\" 0 שיח 00\n\n7 109 5 | גבינה 250 גר' 5% מהדרין 3 | 48.00 יח 0 שיח 08\n\n8 1.12 9 | קוטג' 250 גר' 5% מהדרין 3 | 48.00 יח 0 שיח 12\n\n9 13 6 | קוטג' 250 גר 9% מהדרין 3 | 2400 יח 0 שיח 106\n\n10 14 4 ,הלב טרי 3 % בקרטון 1 ליטר מהדרין 3 | 160.00 ל\" 0 שיח 02\nמחיר כוללל 2408\n\nו הוה הו\nמס' ספק: 3033\n\nמהדורה נוכחית: 1\n\nקריית הממשלה תל אביב\nלמחר 17/01\n21\n\nהודיה בן דויד\nפוד האוס שאח בע\"מ"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d02d85dde0274191a8588cb0a60d9392", "conversation_index": 344793, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 916, "prompt": "次の文を100文字以内で要約して\n\n風 覚を用 い て 環 壌 を再 現 す る研 究 は い くつ か 行 われ\nて い る．一例 として ，古くは Heilig に よる Sensorama ［8］\nが挙 げられる．Sensoramaは マ ル チ モ ーダル 映画で あり，\n視 覚や聴 覚だ けでなく，触 覚や 嗅 覚 にも刺 激 を与 える．\nそ の 中に ，前 方 か ら風 を感 じるこ とが で きる風 覚も含 ま\nれ ，街 中 を オ ートバ イ で 疾 走 す る コ ン テ ン ツ が 存在 し\nた ．\nMoon らは ，人 を覆 うフ レ ーム にフ ァ ン を設 置した風 覚\nデ ィス プ レ イ Wind Cube の 設 計と評価を行っ た ［5］．フ\nレ ーム に 3 つ の レベ ル （45 度 間 隔 ）に フ ァ ン を設 置 して\nい る．上 端か らの 風 は ，判 別 が つ きにくい ため ， 4 っ （90\n度 間 隔）とし， 残 りの 2 つ の レ ベ ル に は 8 つ （45度 間隔 ）\nど 計 20 個の フ ァ ン を用 い て い る．また ，上 端 と下端 の\nフ ァ ン は 体 の 上 部 に 風 が 当た るよ うに傾 けられ て い る ．\nMoon らは ，被 験 者 をこ の 装 置の 中に 入 れ ，ス クリーン に\n表 示 され た 吹雪 の 映 像 を見 せ ，フ ァ ン を作 動 させ た 場\n合 と，させ な い 場 合 で 被験 者 が感 じる 現 実感 に 違 い が\nあるか を実験 して い る，実験の 結 果 ，風 を発 生 させ た 方\nが ， 現実 感 がは るか に 高ま るとい っ た 結果 になっ た ．\nCardinらの Head Mounted Wind ［7］で は ，フライトシ ミ\nュ レ ータの 現実感 を向上 させ るた め に 風 を用 い て い る．\nHMD の 周 囲 に 8 つ の フ ァ ン 取 り付 け ることで ，実際 の フ\nライ トの ように 風 提 示 を行 っ て い る．\nDeligia idisらの The VR Scooter ［9］で は ，ス ピ ード\nを表 す た め に，風 を用 い て い る，HMD を装着 し，VR 環\n境 内 を走 る 際，前方 の フ ァ ン か らの 風 の 強 さを変 えるこ\nとで ， ス ピ ードの 変化を表す，\nこ れ らの 研 究 で は ，風 による現 実 感 の 向 上 をそ れ ぞ\nれ 達 成して い る が ，風 向知覚 特性 は 解 明 され てい な い\nた め ，最適 な風 源 の 配 置で ある とは 言 えな い ．"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "092258c57f50732c625ea1eec2d1cc44385e34a8a9377481", "conversation_index": 2420, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 11046, "prompt": "Schöpfungsgeschichte (Priesterschrift)\nmini|hochkant=1.4|Genesis, Kapitel 1 in der Biblia de Cervera (um 1300, Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal). Die hebräische Initiale Bet ist hervorgehoben, die Ränder sind durch Schriftmalerei verziert |alternativtext=mini|Synagogale Kantillation von  (aschkenasische Aussprache)\n\nAls Schöpfungsgeschichte der Priesterschrift wird die Erzählung bezeichnet, mit der die Bibel beginnt (Genesis 1,1–2,3(4a)). Auch der Ausdruck Schöpfungsbericht (statt -geschichte) ist üblich.\n\nDie „Priesterschrift“ war eine schriftliche Quelle, die von Redaktoren mit „vorpriesterschriftlichen“ (also älteren) Texten vereint wurde. Die Neuere Urkundenhypothese ist mittlerweile zwar umstritten, bzw. modifiziert, an der vorstehenden Ansicht jedoch hält die Mehrheit der Exegeten fest.\n\nDie Priesterschrift beginnt mit dem Sechstagewerk der Schöpfung : Trennung von Licht und Finsternis, Schöpfung des Himmelsgewölbes, Trennung von Festland und Meer sowie Pflanzenwachstum auf der Erde, Schöpfung der Himmelskörper, Erschaffung der Tiere des Wassers und der Luft, Schöpfung der Landtiere sowie Menschenschöpfung. Die Ruhe Gottes am siebten Tag ist Ziel der Erzählung. Daran schließen sich direkt der Stammbaum Noachs  und die Sintfluterzählung an. Schöpfungs- und Sintfluterzählung ergänzen sich.\n\nDie Bibel kennt den altorientalischen Gedanken einer Schöpfung durch Sieg der Gottheit über eine Chaosmacht; die Priesterschrift macht sich diese Vorstellung aber nicht zu eigen: Ohne auf irgendeinen Widerstand zu treffen, gestaltet Gott (Elohim) in sechs Tagen eine lebensfreundliche Erde aus einer Vorwelt, in der kein Leben möglich war. Er ordnet die Kreaturen ihrem Lebensraum Himmel, Meer oder Festland zu, segnet sie und beauftragt sie, ihr Habitat einzunehmen.\n\nIn der deutschsprachigen Bibelwissenschaft findet die Idee, das Sechstagewerk von  mit modernen naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in Übereinstimmung zu bringen, wenig Interesse. Dabei enthält die priesterschriftliche Schöpfungsgeschichte durchaus „Wissenschaft“ nach den Maßstäben ihrer Entstehungszeit: Der Erzähler hatte Anteil an einem ostmediterran-nahöstlichen Kulturaustausch, der von Mesopotamien inspiriert war. Auch ägyptische Motive sind in die Erzählung eingegangen.\n\nImpulse aus der Schöpfungsgeschichte der Priesterschrift werden in der theologischen Anthropologie aufgenommen, wobei es um die Würde von Männern und Frauen und ihren Umgang mit der Natur geht.\n\nZur Datierung und zum Verfasserkreis siehe den Hauptartikel Priesterschrift.\n\nJüdische und christliche Zugänge zum Text \nIm Judentum ist Gen 1,1–2,3 die erste Lesung im Wochenabschnitt Bereschit, wird also seit jeher als eine Sinneinheit betrachtet. Die Tora ist im strikten Sinn ein heiliger Text, das heißt, Wiederholungen, Auslassungen, das Auftreten derselben Wortwurzel und andere Besonderheiten des hebräischen Textes werden sorgfältig beobachtet und auf ihre Bedeutung hin befragt. Diese Auslegungstradition prägt die Bibelübersetzung von Franz Rosenzweig und Martin Buber. Der liberale Rabbiner Benno Jacob schrieb einen umfassenden Genesis-Kommentar (erschienen 1934, Nachdruck 2000), aus dem viele Einzelbeobachtungen am Text in der neueren christlichen Exegese rezipiert wurden.\n\nIm Christentum wurden die ersten drei Kapitel der Genesis traditionell als eine Einheit betrachtet: „Schöpfung und Fall“, ein Spannungsbogen, der von der Weltschöpfung über die Schöpfung des Urmenschenpaares bis zum Sündenfall und zur Vertreibung aus dem Paradies reicht. Dass die priesterschriftliche Schöpfungsgeschichte die Kapitelgrenze überschreitet, ist bis heute sichtbares Indiz dafür, dass der Text im christlichen Mittelalter nicht als Sinneinheit erkannt wurde. Im Christentum hat der genaue hebräische Wortlaut außerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Bereichs einen viel geringeren Stellenwert als im Judentum. Welcher Unterschied sich zwischen einer christlichen und einer jüdischen Übersetzung auftun kann, sieht man am Vergleich des Verses Gen 1,2c:\n\n „Vnd der Geist Gottes schwebet auff dem Wasser.“ (Martin Luther: Biblia Deudsch 1545)\n „Braus Gottes brütend allüber den Wassern“ (Martin Buber/Franz Rosenzweig: Die Schrift, erste Auflage. Rosenzweig äußerte sich in einem Brief an Buber 1925 begeistert über die damit gefundene Formulierung; trotzdem änderte die zweite Auflage „brütend“ in „spreitend“, und Buber entschied sich schließlich für „schwingend.“)\n\nSchritte der historisch-kritischen Exegese\n\nTextkritik \nAngesichts des langen Überlieferungsweges der Hebräischen Bibel stellt die Textkritik zunächst den bestmöglichen Text fest. Sie geht vom masoretischen Text von Genesis 1,1–2,4a aus. Zu klären ist das Verhältnis zur antiken Übersetzung ins Griechische (Septuaginta), die einen erweiterten Text bietet. Die Erzählung der Schöpfungswerke folgt einem Schema. Die Septuaginta wendet es konsequenter an. Das erklärt die meisten Abweichungen vom masoretischen Text. Aber sowohl der samaritanische Pentateuch als auch die hier relevanten Qumran-Fragmente, Targum Onkelos und die Peschitta gehen bei der Befolgung des Schemas mit dem masoretischen Text. Dadurch ist die griechische Version verdächtig, ihre Vorlage frei und harmonisierend zu übersetzen: Der masoretische Text ist der Septuaginta vorzuziehen.\n\nEin Ertrag dieses Durchgangs besteht darin, dass man Kriterien an die Hand bekommt, mit denen man literarkritische Operationen beurteilen kann. Wenn beispielsweise Christoph Levin für die von ihm rekonstruierte schriftliche Quelle einen Satz aus der Septuaginta-Version in den masoretischen Text einfügt (siehe unten), so muss er gegen zwei Grundregeln der Textkritik argumentieren: lectio brevior (der kürzere Text) und lectio difficilior (der schwierigere Text) sind meist besser.\n\nLiterarkritik \nGen 1,1–2,3(4a) ist ein sorgfältig formulierter Text. Trotzdem bestehen Spannungen („Haarrisse“). Schon Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts fanden Theologen es erklärungsbedürftig, dass acht Schöpfungswerke auf sechs Schöpfungstage verteilt sind. Die Literarkritik leistete Vorarbeit für die moderne Exegese, aber die von ihr erkannten Probleme sind nach Ansicht der meisten Exegeten nicht durch eine literarkritische Theorie zu lösen.\n\nSchöpfungswerke und Schöpfungstage \nDie folgende Tabelle zeigt die Verteilung der Schöpfungswerke auf sechs Tage und zwei mögliche Strukturierungen der priesterschriftlichen Erzählung.\n\nHypothesen der Textentstehung \n\nJohann Philipp Gabler stellte 1795 als erster die Argumente der Literarkritik zusammen und schlug eine Bearbeitungshypothese vor. Meist nahm man an, dass der Text einer älteren Quelle in das Schema von Sechstagewoche plus Ruhetag gepresst worden sei, so dass dem dritten und dem sechsten Tag je zwei Schöpfungswerke zugeordnet werden mussten. Die literarische Einheitlichkeit wurde aber mehrfach nachgewiesen; literarkritische Schichtungsversuche haben keine allgemeine Zustimmung gefunden.\n\nChristoph Levin vertritt eine Minderheitsmeinung, indem er eine schriftliche Vorlage für  rekonstruiert. Diese Quelle habe acht Schöpfungswerke aufgelistet (nur Tatbericht und Namengebung); der Tatbericht für die Trennung von Land und Meer fehlt im masoretischen Text und wird von Levin nach der Septuaginta  ergänzt. Jan Christian Gertz hält es für möglich, dass es eine Vorlage dieser Art gab, sie lasse sich aber nicht mehr literarkritisch abgrenzen.\n\nÜberlieferungskritik \nDie Überlieferungskritik erklärt die „Haarrisse“ so: Der Verfasser war nicht frei darin, einen völlig neuen Text zu schreiben. Er fügte Passagen ein, die in der mündlichen Überlieferung schon eine feste Form gewonnen hatten. Gerade eine Schöpfungsgeschichte bietet sich als Stoff an, der mündlich weitergegeben wurde.\n\nWortbericht und Tatbericht \nWerner H. Schmidt nahm eine ältere Erzählung (Tatbericht) an, die später durch den Wortbericht sowie die Zählung der Wochentage ergänzt und korrigiert worden sei. Odil Hannes Steck wandte dagegen ein: „… daß der «Tatbericht» im Verlauf der Überlieferung gegen alle Sachnotwendigkeit ständig weiter mitgeschleppt worden ist, spricht gegen die Analyse und ihre leitenden Voraussetzungen.“ Es lasse sich keine ältere, mündlich umlaufende Schöpfungserzählung rekonstruieren. Man stoße nur auf nur mündlich überlieferte Einzelmotive, die vom Verfasser der Priesterschrift in ein Konzept gebracht worden seien. Dem stimmen andere Exegeten zu.\n\nSchema eines Schöpfungstages \nSchmidt prägte für die formelhafte Sprache, in der die einzelnen Schöpfungstage erzählt werden, eine Reihe von Begriffen, die von Alttestamentlern weiter benutzt werden.\n\nRedaktionskritik \nAuf die priesterschriftliche Schöpfungsgeschichte folgt im Endtext der Bibel, wie er heute vorliegt, die sogenannte jahwistische Schöpfungsgeschichte in. Sie gehört zu den älteren Stoffen, die erst spät von einem Redaktor mit der Priesterschrift zusammengefügt wurden. An sich nehmen die beiden Texte keinen Bezug aufeinander, sie ergänzen oder korrigieren sich nicht.\n\nDie Entdeckung zweier Schöpfungsberichte in den ersten Kapiteln der Genesis gelang dem Hildesheimer Pfarrer Henning Bernhard Witter schon 1711. Er ging davon aus, dass Mose den Pentateuch verfasst habe. Mose habe aber ältere Gedichte in sein Werk aufgenommen. Gen 1,1–2,3 sei ein altes Schöpfungsgedicht. Witters Kriterium zur Unterscheidung der beiden Schöpfungsberichte war die Verschiedenheit der Gottesnamen Elohim (in Gen 1,1–2,3) und JHWH (in Gen 2,5ff). Witters Schrift, Jura Israelitarum,  stieß auf den Widerspruch seines Zeitgenossen Johann Hermann von Elswich und wurde erst im 20. Jahrhundert gewürdigt.\n\nGen 1,29–30 (Gebot vegetarischer Ernährung) \nDie gängige Ergänzungshypothese zur Priesterschrift vorausgesetzt ist zunächst zu klären, ob im Text von Gen 1,1–2,4a außer der Grundschrift Pg auch nachträgliche Hinzufügungen identifiziert werden können. Das Gebot vegetarischer Ernährung,, steht am ehesten im Verdacht, sekundärer Zuwachs Ps zu sein. Dieser Text hat aber nach der Analyse von Arneth bei der Abfassung von  fertig vorgelegen, und beide Textabschnitte gehören der Grundschrift Pg an.\n\nDem Leser begegnet also am Anfang der Bibel eine Erzählung, die einst auch der Auftakt der Quelle Priesterschrift war, und zwar ohne nachträgliche Hinzufügungen. Deshalb ist zu erwarten, dass die Intentionen der Priesterschrift hier am Anfang deutlich hervortreten. Wenn das Ziel der Erzählung die Ruhe Gottes am siebten Tag ist, könnten in diesen Sätzen Motive anklingen, die später von der Priesterschrift wieder aufgenommen werden.\n\nGen 2,4a (Toledotformel) \nIn  erkennt man den Endredaktor bei der Arbeit, wie er zwei bisher unabhängige Schöpfungstexte zusammenfügt. Wo genau bricht die Priesterschrift ab, wo setzt die ältere Tradition („Jahwist“) ein, und gibt es eine Überleitung zwischen beiden, die erst der Endredaktor geschaffen hat?\n\nIm Vers 4a begegnet die sogenannte Toledotformel („Dies ist der Stammbaum / die Entstehungsgeschichte von…“), ein für die Priesterschrift typisches Gliederungselement. Sie ist sonst immer als Überschrift über den folgenden Text zu verstehen, hier aber als Unterschrift. Der Erzählfaden der Priesterschrift wird mit, auch einer Toledotformel, wieder aufgenommen. Die Schwierigkeit ist damit eine doppelte: die Toledotformel wird in unüblicher Weise verwendet, und es treffen zwei Toledotformeln aufeinander.\n\n Ein Lösungsvorschlag ist, den Satz von  an seinen vermeintlich ursprünglichen Ort zu ziehen und als Titel über  zu setzen. Damit tritt der Satz aber in Konkurrenz zum Mottovers. Das ist weniger wahrscheinlich.\n Schon Gerhard von Rad und andere hatten in  den Zusatz eines Redaktors zur Priesterschrift gesehen, eine Lösung, die neuerdings Befürworter gewonnen hat. Walter Bührer versteht  als redaktionellen Teilvers zwischen den beiden Schöpfungsberichten, der synchron betrachtet die Überschrift über den folgenden Text bilde. Umgesetzt hat dies die revidierte Einheitsübersetzung. Sie behandelt  als Auftakt des zweiten (sogenannten jahwistischen) Schöpfungsberichts.\n Martin Arneth, Peter Weimar und andere vertreten aber weiterhin die klassische Position. Arneth sieht in  und  den Rahmen um die Schöpfungsgeschichte; beide Sätze seien chiastisch aufeinander angelegt.\n\nAuch wenn in der aktuellen Forschung kein Konsens besteht, spricht also einiges dafür, dass der Vers  der Schlusssatz der priesterschriftlichen Schöpfungsgeschichte war und die Fuge an dieser Stelle verläuft und nicht, wie lange Zeit Konsens der Exegese war, mitten durch Vers.\n\nMotivgeschichtliche Aspekte \nmini|Babylonische Weltkarte: vom Wasser umgebene runde Erdscheibe\nmini|Tontafel mit Fragment des Atraḫasis-Epos, um 1646–1626 v. Chr. (Morgan Library & Museum)\nHermann Gunkel stellte 1894 die These auf, dass die Autoren von  babylonische Stoffe als etwas Eigenes rezipiert und zugleich in einer Art Läuterungsprozess umgeformt hätten. Seitdem wird der priesterschriftliche Schöpfungsbericht vor allem mit Motiven aus dem Enûma elîsch verglichen. Diese Engführung kommt auch dadurch zustande, dass Claus Westermann in seinem großen Kommentar zur Urgeschichte einen religionsgeschichtlichen Schwerpunkt setzte, den Text des Atraḫasis-Epos aber erst zugänglich wurde, als die erste Lieferung des Kommentars bereits gedruckt war.\n\nNoch 1997 wies Bauks darauf hin, dass man nicht recht wisse, wie die Verfasser der Priesterschrift von diesen viel älteren Quellen Kenntnis erhielten. Dazu entwarf Gertz 2018 folgendes Szenario: Die Verfasser der Schöpfungsgeschichte bezogen ihr Weltwissen aus dem mesopotamischen, ägyptischen, aber auch griechischen Kulturraum. Die Systematisierung der Lebewesen beispielsweise erinnere an die Naturphilosophie der Vorsokratiker (Anaximander, Anaximenes) die ihrerseits Kenntnis von neuassyrischen Texten gehabt hätten. Man könne von einem ostmediterran-nahöstlichen Kultur- und Wissenschaftsraum sprechen, der vor allem von Mesopotamien inspiriert sei. Auch das alttestamentliche Buch Ezechiel habe Teil gehabt an diesem Informationsaustausch.\n\nIm Folgenden werden nur einige Stoffe aus Israels Umwelt vorgestellt, die zum Verständnis der priesterschriftlichen Schöpfungsgeschichte interessant sind. Die Liste könnte erweitert werden, beispielsweise um antike Texte, die Vegetarismus als Ernährungsweise der urzeitlichen Menschen beschreiben.\n\nMesopotamien\n\nEnûma elîsch \nDie Priesterschrift beschreibt die Weltschöpfung als Werk eines Gottes, der in einem kompakten Schöpfungsakt erst eine Welt schafft und dann den verschiedenen Kreaturen ihren Ort darin zuweist. Im Enûma elîsch dagegen befindet sich die urzeitliche Welt in einem Prozess ständiger Veränderung, aus dem erst allmählich klare Strukturen hervortreten. Das Epos feiert den Gott Marduk. Daraus ergeben sich einige Berührungspunkte zum Bibeltext: Auch Marduk ist für seine Verehrer fähig zur Schöpfung durch das Wort. Er kann Sternzeichen durch seinen Befehl verschwinden lassen. Verglichen mit Marduk können die Astralgötter als bloße „Sternenschafe“ bezeichnet werden.\n\nAtraḫasis-Epos \nIm Atraḫasis-Epos werden die Menschen geschaffen, um den Göttern Arbeit abzunehmen. Sie leben in einer instabilen Weltordnung mit ungewissem Schicksal. Die Götter werden der Menschen überdrüssig und beschließen, sie durch eine Sintflut zu vernichten. Die Verbindung von Schöpfungserzählung und Fluterzählung ist konstitutiv für die Priesterschrift, auch wenn die Flut anders motiviert ist. Somit ist das Atraḫasis-Epos nicht nur in Einzelmotiven, sondern in seiner Konzeption mit der Priesterschrift vergleichbar.\n\nSchöpfungsbericht des Berossos \nEine große Ähnlichkeit zur Priesterschrift hat die Schöpfungserzählung des Marduk-Priesters Berossos: „Es habe, so sagt er, eine Zeit gegeben, in welcher das All Finsternis und Wasser war … Da habe Bel, den man mit Zeus übersetzt, die Finsternis mitten hindurchgeschnitten und so Erde und Himmel voneinander geschieden und die Welt geordnet.“ Nach Russell Gmirkin finden sich die Parallelen der Genesis mit dem Enûma elîsch auch bei Berossos. Aber Berossos und Genesis haben darüber hinaus Gemeinsamkeiten, zum Beispiel die Schöpfung der Tiere, die das Enûma elîsch auslässt.\n\nLevante\n\nNordwestsemitischer Chaoskampf-Mythos \nZur möglichen Rezeption dieses Mythos in Jerusalem siehe: Thronbesteigungsfest JHWHs.\n\nIn Mesopotamien, Ugarit und auch in Israel war die Vorstellung verbreitet, dass der Schöpfergott das Chaoswasser in einem Kampf niederwerfen muss, damit eine bewohnbare Welt entstehen kann. Georg Fohrer formulierte 1972 einen Konsens der Forschung, wenn er enge Berührungen zwischen  und dem Chaoskampf-Mythos konstatierte: „Wasser und Finsternis als Merkmale des Chaos, die Entstehung der Welt durch Spaltung der Urflut (Tiamat-Tehom) und den Aufbau der Welt.“ Heute wird  etymologisch von gemeinsemitisch *tiham „Meer“ hergeleitet. Der Name der Gottheit Tiamat stammt auch von dieser Wurzel. In dem Wort tehom schwingt also nicht schon die Erinnerung an den Tiamat-Mythos mit, wie Forscher der Generation Fohrers annahmen.\n\nStatue des Hadad-yis’i \nDie assyrisch-aramäische Bilingue auf der Basaltstatue von Hadad-yis’i von Tell Fecheriye ist in doppelter Hinsicht interessant.\n\nSie ist ein epigraphischer (altaramäischer) Beleg für das in  vorkommende Begriffspaar  und. Demnach sind die beiden Begriffe praktisch bedeutungsgleich. Zweitens erfährt man, welche Funktion die Statue hatte: Sie repräsentierte den abwesenden König. Das Bild konnte Aufgaben übernehmen, die dem König zukamen, und Wohltaten (Bonifikationen) stellvertretend für den König empfangen.\n\nÄgypten\n\nAltägyptische Königsideologie \nSiehe auch: Der König als konkretes Abbild Gottes\n\nSeit der Zweiten Zwischenzeit galt der Pharao als irdisches Abbild der Gottheit. „Entscheidend ist dabei der Sachverhalt, daß das «Bild» (der König) nicht das Abbild einer vorgestellten Gestalt (der Gottheit) ist, sondern ein Körper, der der Gottheit eine leibliche Gestalt gibt.“ Diese Herrschaftslegitimation wird als Hintergrund für die Rede vom Menschen als Gottesstatue in  angesehen.\n\nSchabaka-Stein \nMit dem sogenannten Denkmal memphitischer Theologie auf dem Schabaka-Stein begründete die Priesterschaft von Memphis den Vorrang des Gottes Ptah. Dieser lässt als Schöpfergott alle Dinge in seinem Herzen entstehen, und seine Zunge überträgt sie als Befehl. Nach Abschluss seines Schöpfungswerks ruht Ptah. Jan Assmann datierte diesen Text in die Spätzeit; damit rückt er in zeitliche Nähe zur Priesterschrift. Assmann wies aber auch auf zwei wesentliche Unterschiede zu  hin: das „Herz“ stehe für die planende Konzeption der Schöpfungswerke, ihr Design; die Hieroglyphenschrift sei ein Zeichenrepertoire, das den Schöpfungswerken entspreche. So erschaffe Ptah alle Dinge mit ihren Hieroglyphen.\n\nText der Schöpfungsgeschichte \nmini|Anfang von Genesis 1, masoretischer Text (Mitte) mit Targum Onkelos, Haftara und Kommentaren (Norditalien 1472, Bodleian Library, Signatur: MS. Canonici Or. 62). Farbig hervorgehoben ist das erste Wort:\n\nMottovers (Gen 1,1) \nGleich das erste Wort der Bibel,, ist in seiner Deutung kontrovers. Nach einer Wortfeld-Analyse kam Bauks zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Mehrdeutigkeit des Begriffs ein Kunstgriff des Erzählers sei. Sie erlaube „die Deutung als absoluten Anfangszeitpunkt, als Beginn des göttlichen Schöpfungshandelns und als Früh- bzw. Vorzeit der Geschichte Israels.“\n\nIst  als Status absolutus zu verstehen, so fehlt der Artikel. Deshalb übersetzen Septuaginta und Targum Onkelos: „In einem Anfang…“. Liegt ein Status constructus vor, so fehlt das Nomen rectum, das die Frage: „Am Anfang wovon?“ beantworten könnte. Man hilft sich hier, indem man den Rest von  als Ersatz für ein Nomen rectum auffasst. Syntaktisch ist der Beginn des Textes deshalb schwierig: „Ist 1,1 ein Hauptsatz oder ein untergeordneter Temporalsatz? Ist der Hauptsatz, wenn 1 Nebensatz ist, Vers 2 oder Vers 3?“ Westermann entschied sich wie die Mehrheit der Übersetzer dafür, Vers 1 als Hauptsatz und Überschrift aufzufassen. Zwingend ist dies aber nicht. Man kann  auch als adverbialen Vordersatz verstehen: „Als Gott begann, Himmel und Erde zu schaffen, war die Welt noch wüst und wirr, und der Gottesatem bewegte sich über dem Wasser.“\n\nIn  begegnet ein Verb, das exklusiv für Gottes Schöpferhandeln gebraucht und nie mit einer Materialangabe verbunden wird:. Es ist erst in exilischen oder späteren Texten belegt, neben der Priesterschrift besonders im Buch Jesaja (sogenannter Deuterojesaja und Fortschreibungen). Dort steht es für vergangenes Schöpferhandeln ebenso wie für zukünftige Neuschöpfung, in der Priesterschrift aber nur für die Weltschöpfung.\n\nEs ist heute Konsens der Forschung, dass „Himmel und Erde“ als Merismus die bibelhebräische Bezeichnung für den Kosmos ist.  ist nach Ansicht vieler Exegeten wie eine Überschrift der Schöpfungsgeschichte vorangestellt und bildet mit  einen Rahmen.\n\nVorweltschilderung (Gen 1,2–3) \nWestermann arbeitete heraus, dass die Aussagen in  zu den aus religionsgeschichtlichen Parallelen wohlbekannten „Als-noch-nicht“-Formulierungen gehören. Sie grenzen die Schöpfungswelt von einem eigentlich nicht beschreibbaren Vorher ab.\n\nVers 2 stellt dem Leser die drei Größen Erde (als tohu ṿavohu, Lutherübersetzung: ‚wüst und leer‘),  und  vor. Sie werden nicht geschaffen, sondern sind bei der Schöpfung vorausgesetzt. Das Tohuwabohu,, ist im Deutschen sprichwörtlich: Der erste Teil der Formel (tohu) bezeichnet eine Umwelt, in der Menschen nicht überleben können. Der zweite Teil (vohu) ist lautmalend hinzugebildet. Er hat keine selbständige Bedeutung. Die „Urnacht“ ḥoshekh stellt als „Nicht-Licht“ das Kontrastbild zum Auftakt der Schöpfung dar. Tehom ist das tiefe Meer, was eine gewisse Gefährlichkeit impliziert, aber auch die Urquelle, die das Land fruchtbar macht. Da der Erzähler nicht zwischen Süß- und Salzwasser unterscheidet, entsteht für ihn auch nicht das Problem, wie Pflanzen durch Meereswasser wachsen können. Dagegen unterscheiden babylonische Texte zwischen dem Süßwasserozean (Apsu) und dem Salzwasserozean (Wasser des Todes).\n\nDas Bedeutungsspektrum von  umfasst „alle Arten von bewegter Luft.“ Die „ruaḥ Gottes“ wird von manchen Auslegern als „Gottessturm“ übersetzt, im Sinne eines Superlativs: ein starker Sturm. Diese aus der jüdischen Tradition (Philo, David Kimchi) stammende Deutung hat auch in der christlichen Exegese einige Vertreter, kann aber als Minderheitsmeinung gelten. Zwei alternative Deutungen stehen dann zur Verfügung: Während manche Exegeten die ruaḥ als Gottes Werkzeug bei der Schöpfung sehen, halten andere für möglich, dass diese ruaḥ Gott in seiner vorweltlichen Existenzform sei. „Ähnlich einem israelischen Pendant zum Urlotus, Urei oder zur Nilgans, scheint in dem Windhauch das Göttliche als anwesend gedacht zu sein, ohne zu agieren und seine Kraft bereits entfaltet zu haben.“\n\nSechs Schöpfungstage\n\nErster Tag: Tag und Nacht (Gen 1,4–5) \nAuf das Schöpferwort hin ist Licht eingeflutet und hat die Vorwelt „in einen trüben Dämmerzustand versetzt.“ Gott scheidet das Urlicht vom Chaosdunkel. So entstehen Tag und Nacht. Indem Gott sie benennt, unterstellt er sie seiner Herrschaft. Das ist besonders im Fall von Finsternis und (am Folgetag) Urflut bedeutsam, weil hier Gegebenheiten der Vorwelt transformiert werden.\n\nZweiter Tag: Firmament (Gen 1,6–8) \nGott „macht“ das Himmelsgewölbe,, zur vertikalen Trennung des Wassers. Das Wort bedeutet eigentlich Gestampftes, Gehämmertes. Gemeint ist „jene Himmelsbläue, die sich über die Erde zu wölben scheint.“ Wie das Gewölbe beschaffen ist und was über dem Gewölbe ist, interessiert nicht weiter. Ganz anders die Visionen im Ezechielbuch (; ) und mesopotamische Texte, die eine Himmelsgeographie beschreiben. Cornelis Houtman hielt es für unzulässig, Elemente aus anderen Bibeltexten, etwa die Säulen oder Fenster des Himmels, als Ausschmückung des Gemeinten in die Schöpfungsgeschichte einzutragen. Den Erzähler interessiere hier nur der Zweck des raḳiʿa: er schützt die Erde und ihre Bewohner vor den oberen Wassern, die er zurückhält.\n\nDritter Tag: Festland und Pflanzenwelt (Gen 1,9–13) \nDer dritte Schöpfungstag bringt das Werk des zweiten Schöpfungstages zum Abschluss. Dort hat Gott das obere vom unteren Wasser geschieden, hier wird das untere Wasser an seinem Ort, dem Meer, zusammengezogen, so dass Festland hervortritt, dem sich das Interesse des Erzählers zuwendet. Gott gibt von seiner Schöpfermacht etwas an die Erde ab: „Es ergrüne die Erde im Grünen.“ Pflanzen galten nicht als Lebewesen, da man an ihnen keinen Lebensatem beobachtete. „Den Erzähler interessiert nicht, daß es auf der Erde Berge und Täler gibt, sondern daß sie der gedeckte Tisch für Lebewesen ist.“\n\nVierter Tag: Sonne, Mond und Sterne (Gen 1,14–19) \nErst Tag vier bringt, für den modernen Leser an dieser Stelle überraschend, die Schöpfung der Gestirne – nachdem das Licht ja schon seit dem ersten Tag vorhanden ist.\n\nSchmidt und andere sehen in dem Abschnitt  eine Polemik gegen Astralreligionen: Der priesterschriftliche Erzähler habe die Himmelslichter zu „Lampen“ degradiert und vermeide es, Sonne und Mond beim Namen zu nennen. Eine polemische Spitze gegen andere Religionen nehmen aber nicht alle Exegeten an. Man kann auch argumentieren, dass die Priesterschrift durchgängig Kategorien bilde, in die die Lebensformen einsortiert werden; „Lichter“ sei der Oberbegriff für Sonne und Mond.\n\nSie bekommen drei Aufgaben zugewiesen:\n\n den Tag und die Nacht zu unterscheiden (diese Aufgabe hatte Gott am ersten Schöpfungstag selbst wahrgenommen);\n die Orientierung im Jahreslauf zu ermöglichen;\n die Erde zu beleuchten.\n\nFünfter Tag: Tiere des Wassers und der Luft (Gen 1,20–23) \nAb Tag fünf geht es um die Schöpfung von Lebewesen. Genau wie in den Gottesreden des Buches Ijob wird in  eine Tierwelt beschrieben, die nicht nach der Nützlichkeit für den Menschen beurteilt wird. Sie umfasst auch unheimliche, gefährliche Lebensformen. Dies ist ein möglicherweise interessanter Impuls für die heutige Umweltethik. Der Blick beginnt bei den Seeschlangen () und geht über das „Gewimmel“ der Wassertiere weiter zu den flugfähigen Tieren. Die Vielfalt der Lebewesen wird in Vers 20 durch eine zweifache Figura etymologica ausgemalt:\n ;\n.\nGott stattet – ein neues Element der Erzählung – die Kreaturen mit seinem Segen aus. Sie sollen sich vermehren und ihr Habitat einnehmen.\n\nSechster Tag: Landtiere und Menschen\n\nLandtiere (Gen 1,24–25) \nDie Einordnung der vielgestaltigen Tierwelt in Gruppen ist eine Form altorientalischer „Wissenschaft“ und speziell für die Priesterschrift ein wichtiges Thema (Opfer- und Speisegebote). Das hat mit moderner Zoologie keine Ähnlichkeit, wie die Aufteilung der Landtiere in  deutlich zeigt:\n ;\n ;\n, beispielsweise Reptilien, Kleinsäuger, Insekten.\n\nSie alle konkurrieren mit dem Menschen um den Lebensraum Festland. Deshalb unterbleibt in ihrem Fall der Segen und der damit verbundene Auftrag, den Lebensraum zu füllen. Diese Deutung stammt aus dem Genesis-Kommentar von Benno Jacob und kann als Beispiel für Impulse gelten, die heutige christliche Exegese aus der jüdischen Auslegungstradition aufnimmt.\n\nMenschen (Gen 1,26–28) \nmini|hochkant=1.4|Genesis, Kapitel 1 der Vulgata, Gutenberg-Bibel (um 1455, Staatsbibliothek Berlin)\nDie Illustration der Gutenberg-Bibel zu Genesis 1 (Foto) zeigt, dass die Menschenschöpfung  in der christlichen Tradition üblicherweise mit den Angaben aus  illustriert wurde. Es gibt ein Urmenschenpaar, und die Frau wird aus der Seite oder Rippe des Mannes geschaffen. Anders die Priesterschrift: Gott erschafft die Menschheit; bei Mensch und Tier sind es „Genera, aber nicht Einzelexemplare, die erst für Noahs «Arche» eine Rolle spielen.“\n\nFür den ungewöhnlichen Plural in Vers 26 („Lasst uns Menschen machen…“) wurden folgende Deutungen vorgeschlagen.\n\nGrammatisch:\n Pluralis Majestatis (Hoheitsplural);\n Pluralis Deliberationis (Plural der Absichtsbekundung / Selbstberatung);\n\nInhaltlich:\n Gott Vater spricht zu Jesus Christus. Dieses Textverständnis ist schon in der Alten Kirche weit verbreitet, beispielsweise bei Ambrosius von Mailand: „Zu wem spricht Gott? Offenbar nicht zu sich; denn er spricht nicht: laßt mich machen, sondern: laßt uns machen. Auch nicht zu den Engeln, denn sie sind seine Diener; zwischen Knecht und Herr, zwischen Geschöpf und Schöpfer kann es aber keine Gemeinschaft des Wirkens geben. Vielmehr spricht er es zum Sohne, mag es auch den Juden nicht genehm sein, mögen auch die Arianer sich dagegen sträuben.“ Es handelt sich dabei um eine christlich-dogmatische Relecture.\n „Gott schließt sich mit den himmlischen Wesen seines Hofstaates zusammen und verbirgt sich damit doch auch wieder in dieser Mehrzahl.“ Gegen diese von vielen Exegeten favorisierte Deutung spricht, dass die Priesterschrift einen himmlischen Hofstaat sonst nicht erwähnt. Innerhalb der Hebräischen Bibel insgesamt ist er aber gut bezeugt. Die jüdische Tradition hat die himmlischen Wesen meist als Engel interpretiert. Jacob verweist zustimmend auf den klassischen Torakommentar von Raschi, der an dieser Stelle erklärt, Gott bespreche sich mit seiner familia – hier als lateinisches Lehnwort (פמליא) in Raschis hebräischem Text.\n In mesopotamischen Mythen wirken mehrere Götter bei der Menschenschöpfung zusammen. Jede Gottheit gibt etwas von ihren eigenen Gaben und Eigenschaften ab. „Es ist das Götterkollektiv und nicht die Einzelgottheit, die den Menschen hervorbringt.“ Das kann dem Erzähler im Hintergrund noch präsent sein, auch wenn er das Motiv nicht entfaltet.\n\nDrei Größen werden in  einander zugeordnet: Gott – Mensch – Umwelt. Das Verständnis des hebräischen Textes war lange durch den christlich-theologischen Begriff der Gottebenbildlichkeit geprägt. Es ging demnach um die Verhältnisbestimmung von Gott und Mensch, um etwas im Wesen des Menschen (zum Beispiel Sprache, Verstand), was ihn zum Ebenbild der Gottheit macht. Als, traditionell übersetzt mit ‚Ebenbild‘, wird aber das Kultbild bezeichnet, das die Gottheit repräsentiert; Norbert Lohfink prägte dafür den Begriff „Gottesstatue.“ Von einigen neueren Auslegern (Walter Groß, Bernd Janowski, Ute Neumann-Gorsolke) wird eine aus dem Begriff tselem abgeleitete Aussage über das Wesen des Menschen konsequent abgelehnt. Gegründet auf motivgeschichtliche Parallelen in der Levante und in Ägypten ergibt sich dann folgendes Textverständnis: Der Begriff tselem dient der Verhältnisbestimmung Mensch – Umwelt. Menschen sind als „Gottesstatuen“ Repräsentanten Gottes in der Welt. Eine Metapher der altägyptischen Königsideologie wird von der Priesterschrift auf jeden Mann und jede Frau angewendet. Sie nehmen Aufgaben stellvertretend für Gott wahr, ebenso wie Hadad-yis’is Statue diesen König in bestimmten Funktionen ersetzen konnte.\n\nFrank Crüsemann übersetzte für die Bibel in gerechter Sprache: „Da schuf Gott Adam, die Menschen, als göttliches Bild, als Bild Gottes wurden sie geschaffen, männlich und weiblich hat er, hat sie, hat Gott sie geschaffen.“  Jürgen Ebach erläuterte diese freie Wiedergabe des hebräischen Textes: „Wenn männliche und weibliche Menschen Gottes Bilder sind, kann Gott nicht allein männlich sein.“ Bei diesem Textverständnis wird  wieder interessant für Ähnlichkeiten von Gott und Mensch. Wenn man aber mit Janowski und anderen tselem als Repräsentanten Gottes gegenüber der Umwelt auffasst, bleibt kein Raum für eine solche Deutung.\n\nHerrschaftsauftrag \nGottes Segen für die Menschen  beinhaltet, über die anderen Lebewesen als Gottes Beauftragte zu herrschen (Dominium terrae). Folgende Verben präzisieren, was mit Herrschaft gemeint ist:\n\n  „niedertreten“. Die gewalttätige Konnotation („versklaven, erniedrigen“) liegt hier klar zutage, auch wenn Norbert Lohfink und Klaus Koch alternative Interpretationen vorschlugen.\n. Hierbei wird in der Forschung diskutiert, ob das Verb nur gewalttätige Konnotationen hat („zertreten“, wie Trauben in der Kelter) oder auch friedliche („hüten“). Die Deutung als gewalttätiges Handeln dominierte zunächst. James Barr leitete 1972 ein Umdenken mit der These ein, das Verb radah sei von dem altorientalischen Ideal des königlichen Hirten her zu verstehen. Im deutschen Sprachraum vertraten Norbert Lohfink, Klaus Koch, Erich Zenger und andere diesen Deutungstyp. Die Gute Nachricht Bibel übernimmt das Motiv des königlichen Hirten, das sie als kommunikative Übersetzung auch entfaltet: „Füllt die ganze Erde und nehmt sie in Besitz! Ich setze euch über … alle Tiere, die auf der Erde leben, und vertraue sie eurer Fürsorge an.“ Die revidierte Einheitsübersetzung (2016) stellt sich ebenfalls in diese Tradition und übersetzt radah mit „walten“.\n\nIm Blick auf die Rezeption ist hervorzuheben, dass der Rat der EKD und die Deutsche Bischofskonferenz 1985 in einer gemeinsamen Erklärung formulierten: „Aufgeschreckt durch das offenkundig gewordene Ausmaß der Zerstörung unserer Umwelt und angestoßen durch die moderne Schriftauslegung, befragen wir die Bibel … nach dem gottgewollten Verhältnis des Menschen zu seinen Mitgeschöpfen.“ Eine Schlüsselrolle hat die Erläuterung der Begriffe kavash und radah : „Untertanmachen (Genesis 1,28) bedeutet, die Erde (den Boden) mit ihrem Wildwuchs botmäßig, gefügig machen“, also Kulturland zu schaffen, wo vorher Wildnis war. „Das Herrschen des Menschen über die Tierwelt hebt sich von der Unterwerfung des Bodens … deutlich ab. Es erinnert an das Walten eines Hirten gegenüber seiner Herde …. Gott legt dem Menschen das Leiten und Hegen der Tiergattungen auf (Genesis 1,26.28).“ Allerdings wird nicht klar, worin etwa ein Leiten und Hegen der Meerestiere zur Abfassungszeit der Priesterschrift konkret hätte bestehen können.\n\nWalter Groß fasste den Verlauf der exegetischen Diskussion im Jahr 2000 so zusammen: maßgebliche Exegeten hätten „auf dem Höhepunkt ökologischer Betroffenheit“ zum vermeintlich sanften Hirtenbild geneigt; seit dem Abklingen dieser Betroffenheit seien wieder „eher gewaltbetonende Herrschaftskonzepte“ in den Vordergrund getreten. Andreas Schüle urteilte 2009: Die Begriffe des Herrschens hätten im Hebräischen einen „despotischen und sogar gewaltsamen Ton.“ Die herrscherliche Aufgabe des Menschen in einer rohen Welt bestehe darin, „die Ausbreitung von Gewalt zu verhindern und niederzuhalten.“ Ähnlich Annette Schellenberg 2011: Da die Verben radah und kavash als Paar auftreten, entstehe kein besonders harmonisches Bild des Mensch-Tier-Verhältnisses.\n\nErste Speisegebote (Gen 1,29–31) \nSchöpfungserzählung und Fluterzählung sind in der Priesterschrift aufeinander bezogen. In der Welt des Anfangs ist das Töten von Lebewesen nicht nötig, nicht einmal zur Ernährung. Menschen und Tiere sind nach  Vegetarier mit getrenntem Speiseplan. Da Fische und Haustiere nicht mit den Menschen um Nahrung konkurrieren, werden sie hier nicht besonders erwähnt. Diese Speiseordnung relativiert den zuvor an den Menschen ergangenen Herrschaftsauftrag. Es ist jedenfalls nicht nötig, Lebewesen zu töten, um das eigene Leben zu fristen. Da die Priesterschrift keinen Sündenfall kennt, folgt unvermittelt die Schilderung einer Welt, die sich – wie auch immer – mit Gewalt gefüllt hat  und ihrer Zerstörung in der Sintflut knapp entgeht. Am Ende der priesterschriftlichen Sintfluterzählung wird Fleisch als Nahrungsmittel toleriert.\n\nRuhe am siebten Tag (Gen 2,1–3) \nmini|„Und der Herr ruhte am siebten Tag“ (Bilderbibel des Wassili Koren, 1696, Saltykow-Stschedrin-Bibliothek, Sankt Petersburg)\nMit der Gottesruhe am siebten Tag ist das Ziel der Erzählung erreicht. Auch wenn das hier verwendete Verb  sprachlich zu trennen ist vom Substantiv, so „spiegelt sich in diesen Sätzen die spätere Begründung des Sabbat.“ Gunkel sah in den Versen  eine Ätiologie. Auf die Frage, warum der Sabbat ein Tag der Arbeitsruhe sei, antworte der Mythos mit einem  Anthropomorphismus: Weil Gott selbst am siebten Tag von seiner Arbeit ruhte. Dagegen spricht, dass dem Text die Handlungsanweisung fehlt. Er beschreibt eine Ruhe, die unabhängig vom Mittun oder Wahrnehmen des Menschen da ist. Obwohl kein Lebewesen, wird der siebte Tag von Gott gesegnet und geheiligt. Er soll fortbestehen und mit ihm auch die Wochenstruktur der Zeit. Dabei weist Gen 2,1–3 über sich hinaus; die Bedeutung des siebten Tags wird hier noch nicht offengelegt. Dies geschieht erst in der Mannaerzählung, die ein Schlüsseltext der Priesterschrift ist: Unter Anleitung des Mose erlernt Israel, den Sabbat zu feiern.\n\n weist voraus auf weitere Erzählungen, die im Gesamtwerk der Priesterschrift wichtig sind:\n\n Nach sechstägigem Schweigen redet Gott am siebten Tag zu Mose auf dem Sinai.\n Die Verben vollenden – segnen – heiligen begegnen  bei der Fertigstellung des Zeltheiligtums (Mischkan) wieder, wobei dieses Heiligtum dem Jerusalemer Tempel entspricht. Wenn Mose das Zeltheiligtum mit den Kultgeräten einrichtet, entspricht das Gottes Schöpfungswerken. „Auf diese Weise werden Schöpfung und Tempelgründung wie in der Vielzahl der altvorderorientalischen Schöpfungstexte in ein Entsprechungsverhältnis gesetzt.“\n\nWeblinks \n\n Sefaria: Genesis hebräisch und englisch mit zahlreichen jüdischen Kommentaren und weiteren Hilfsmitteln.\n\nLiteratur\n\nTextausgabe \n\n Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5. Auflage. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-438-05219-9.\n\nHilfsmittel \n\n Wilhelm Gesenius: Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament. Hrsg.: Herbert Donner. 18. Auflage. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-25680-6.\n\nKommentarliteratur \n\n Jan Christian Gertz: Das erste Buch Mose (Genesis). Die Urgeschichte Gen 1–11 (= Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Band 1 neu). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-525-57055-5.\n Hermann Gunkel: Genesis, übersetzt und erklärt (= Göttinger Handkommentar zum Alten Testament.). 5. Auflage. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1922. (online)\n Benno Jacob: Das Buch Genesis. Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-7668-3514-9. (Nachdruck des beim Schocken Verlag, Berlin 1934 erschienenen Werkes)\n Andreas Schüle: Die Urgeschichte (Genesis 1–11) (= Zürcher Bibelkommentare AT, Neue Folge. Band 1.1). TVZ, Zürich 2009, ISBN 978-3-290-17527-6.\n Horst Seebaß: Genesis I Urgeschichte (1,1–11,26). Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1996, ISBN 3-7887-1517-0.\n Gerhard von Rad: Das erste Buch Mose, Genesis Kapitel 1–12,9 (= Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Band 2). 3. Auflage. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1953.\n Claus Westermann: Genesis 1–11 (= Biblischer Kommentar. Band I/1). Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1974, ISBN 978-3-7887-0028-7.\n\nMonographien und Zeitschriftenaufsätze \n\n Martin Arneth: Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt…: Studien zur Entstehung der alttestamentlichen Urgeschichte (= Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Band 217). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-53080-1. ()\n Jan Assmann: Theologie und Weisheit im alten Ägypten. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München 2005, ISBN 3-7705-4069-7. ()\n Michaela Bauks: Die Welt am Anfang. Zum Verhältnis von Vorwelt und Weltentstehung in Gen 1 und der altorientalischen Literatur (= Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament. Band 74). Neukirchen-Vluyn 1997, ISBN 978-3-7887-1619-6.\n Michaela Bauks: Genesis 1 als Programmschrift der Priesterschrift (Pg). In: André Wénin (Hrsg.): Studies in the Book of Genesis. Literature, Redaction and History. Leuven University Press 2001, ISBN 90-429-0934-X, S. 333–345.\n Walter Bührer: „Am Anfang…“ Untersuchungen zur Textgenese und zur relativ-chronologischen Einordnung von Gen 1–3 (= Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Band 256). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-647-54034-4.\n Jan Christian Gertz: Antibabylonische Polemik im priesterschriftlichen Schöpfungsbericht? In: Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 106 (2009), S. 137–155.\n Walter Groß: Gen 1, 26.27; 9,6: Statue oder Ebenbild Gottes? Aufgabe und Würde des Menschen nach dem hebräischen und dem griechischen Wortlaut. In: Jahrbuch für Biblische Theologie. Band 15 (2000), S. 11–38.\n Cornelis Houtman: Der Himmel im Alten Testament. Israels Weltbild und Weltanschauung. Brill, Leiden / New York / Köln 1992, ISBN 90-04-09690-6.\n Bernd Janowski: Die lebendige Statue Gottes. Zur Anthropologie der priesterlichen Urgeschichte. In: Markus Witte (Hrsg.): Gott und Mensch im Dialog. Festschrift Otto Kaiser. (= Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Band 345/1) Walter de Gruyter, Berlin /New York 2004, ISBN 3-11-018354-4. S. 183–214. (online)\n Steffen Leibold: Raum für Konvivenz: Die Genesis als nachexilische Erinnerungsfigur. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Wien 2014, ISBN 978-3-451-31577-0.\n Christoph Levin: Tatbericht und Wortbericht in der priesterschriftlichen Schöpfungserzählung. In: Fortschreibungen. Gesammelte Studien zum Alten Testament (= Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Band 316). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017160-0. S. 23–39. Erstmals erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 91 (1994), S. 115–133.\n Norbert Lohfink: Die Gottesstatue. Kreatur und Kunst nach Genesis 1. In: Im Schatten deiner Flügel. Große Bibeltexte neu erschlossen. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Wien 1999, ISBN 3-451-27176-1, S. 29–48.\n Annette Schellenberg: Der Mensch, das Bild Gottes? Zum Gedanken einer Sonderstellung des Menschen im Alten Testament und in weiteren altorientalischen Quellen (= Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Band 101). TVZ, Zürich 2011, ISBN 978-3-290-17606-8.\n Werner H. Schmidt: Die Schöpfungsgeschichte der Priesterschrift. Zur Überlieferungsgeschichte von Gen 1,1–2,4a und 2,4b–3,24 (= Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament. Band 17). 3. Auflage. Neukirchen-Vluyn 1973, ISBN 3-7887-0054-8.\n Andreas Schüle: Der Prolog der hebräischen Bibel. Der literar- und theologiegeschichtliche Diskurs der Urgeschichte (Gen 1–11) (= Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Band 86). TVZ, Zürich 2006, ISBN 978-3-290-17359-3.\n Odil Hannes Steck: Der Schöpfungsbericht der Priesterschrift: Studien zur literarkritischen und überlieferungsgeschichtlichen Problematik von Gen 1,1–2,4a (= Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Band 115). 2. Auflage. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1981, ISBN 3-525-53291-1. ()\n Peter Weimar: Studien zur Priesterschrift (= Forschungen zum Alten Testament. Band 56). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-16-149446-8.\n Markus Witte: Die biblische Urgeschichte: redaktions- und theologiegeschichtliche Beobachtungen zu Gen 1,1–11,26 (= Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Band 265). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-016209-1.\n Erich Zenger: Gottes Bogen in den Wolken, Untersuchungen zu Komposition und Theologie der priesterschriftlichen Urgeschichte. Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 978-3-460-04121-9.\n\nEinzelnachweise \n\nKategorie:1. Buch Mose\nKategorie:Schöpfungslehre\nKategorie:Perikope des Alten Testaments\n\nWhat is the relationship described between the Priestly source and the pre-Priestly sources that were combined by redactors?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "92c6f0794b720f4ad6e03a4d52b99483ff9927e5cfec2839", "conversation_index": 8562, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6197, "prompt": "Высший хозяйственный суд Украины\nВысший хозяйственный суд Украины — высший судебный орган, возглавляющий систему хозяйственных судов Украины, которые являются специализированными судами и входят в состав судов общей юрисдикции.\n\nОбразован Законом Украинской ССР от 4 июня 1991 г. № 1142-XII как Высший арбитражный суд Украинской ССР.\n\nЗаконом Украины от 21 июня 2001 г. № 2538-III переименован в Высший хозяйственный суд Украины.\n\nОфициальный печатный орган Высшего хозяйственного суда Украины — журнал «Вісник господарського судочинства».\n\nПолномочия \nВ соответствии с Законом Украины «О судоустройстве Украины» Высший хозяйственный суд Украины пересматривает в кассационном порядке судебные акты местных и апелляционных хозяйственных судов.\n\nСистему специализированных хозяйственных судов составляют местные хозяйственные суды как суды первой инстанции, апелляционные хозяйственные суды и Высший хозяйственный суд Украины как кассационная инстанция.\n\nВысший хозяйственный суд Украины также изучает и обобщает судебную практику, осуществляет анализ судебной статистики, оказывает методическую помощь и рекомендательные разъяснения судам низшего уровня с целью одинакового применения законодательства в решении хозяйственных споров, осуществляет другие полномочия, предусмотренные законом.\n\nСостав \nВысший хозяйственный суд Украины состоит из Председателя Высшего хозяйственного суда Украины, Первого заместителя Председателя, заместителей Председателя и судей.\n\nРуководство\n\nПредседатели \n Притыка, Дмитрий Никитович (28 февраля 1991 г. — 21 июля 2006 г.)\n Демченко, Сергей Федорович (5 декабря 2006 г. — 8 июля 2010 г.)\n Татьков, Виктор Иванович (6 сентября 2010 г. — 11 апреля 2014 г.)\n Львов, Богдан Юрьевич (с 15 апреля 2014 г.)\n\nПервые заместители Председателя \n Гречковский, Николай Павлович (25 июня 1991 г. — 11 июля 2002 г.)\n Титов, Николай Ильич (3 февраля 2003 г. — 6 сентября 2004 г.)\n Хандурин, Николай Иванович (3 апреля 2005 г.— 21 января 2006 г.)\n Демченко, Сергей Федорович (21 января 2006 г. — Указом Президента Украины от 5 декабря 2006 г. № 1032/2006 назначен Председателем Высшего хозяйственного суда Украины)\n Яценко, Елена Васильевна, исполняющая обязанности первого заместителя Председателя Высшего хозяйственного суда Украины (29 марта 2007 г. — 2 июля 2008 г.)\n\nЗаместители Председателя \n Демченко, Сергей Федорович (25 июня 1991 г. — Указом Президента Украины от 21 января 2006 г. № 48/2006 назначен первым заместителем Председателя Высшего хозяйственного суда Украины)\n Осетинский, Анатолий Иосифович (25 июня 1991 г., переназначен 28 апреля 2007 г.— 19 сентября 2013 г.)\n Москаленко, Виктор Семенович (3 февраля 2003 г., переназначен 16 мая 2013 г. — 11 апреля 2014 г.)\n Шульга, Александр Федорович (23 июня 2006 г. — 21 апреля 2011 г.)\n Емельянов, Артур Станиславович (16 мая 2013 г. — 11 апреля 2014 г.)\n Кравчук, Геннадий Анатольевич (с 16 апреля 2014 г.)\n Могил, Сергей Константинович (с 16 апреля 2014 г.)\n\nСписок судей \nПосле даты избрания или увольнения судьи (в 1991-1992 гг. — арбитра) стоит номер соответствующего постановления Верховного Совета Украинской ССР/Верховной Рады Украины или указа Президента Украины (в период 1996-1998 гг.).\n Притыка, Дмитрий Никитович (постановлением Верховного Совета Украинской ССР от 28 февраля 1991 г. № 800-XII избран Председателем Высшего арбитражного суда Украинской ССР — 21 июля 2006 г., № 19-V)\n Гречковский, Николай Павлович (постановлением Верховного Совета Украинской ССР от 25 июня 1991 г. № 1259-XII избран первым заместителем Председателя Высшего арбитражного суда Украинской ССР — 11 июля 2002 г., № 105-IV)\n Демченко, Сергей Федорович (постановлением Верховного Совета Украинской ССР от 25 июня 1991 г. № 1259-XII избран заместителем Председателя Высшего арбитражного суда Украинской ССР — 8 июля 2010 г., № 2465-VI)\n Осетинский, Анатолий Иосифович (постановлением Верховного Совета Украинской ССР от 25 июня 1991 г. № 1259-XII избран заместителем Председателя Высшего арбитражного суда Украинской ССР — 19 сентября 2013 г., № 604-VII)\n Любинская, Тамара Владимировна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 20 сентября 2001 г., № 2739-III)\n Москаленко, Виктор Семенович (с 25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII)\n Новикова, Татьяна Афанасьевна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 10 января 2002 г. № 2973-III избрана судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Овечкин, Виктор Эдуардович (с 25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII)\n Петренко, Инесса Аркадьевна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 17 декабря 1993 г., № 3741-XII)\n Пинчук, Андрей Михайлович (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 31 января 1992 г., № 2081-XII)\n Плахотнюк, Светлана Александровна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 21 июля 2006 г., № 19-V)\n Рыбак, Виталий Васильевич (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 22 мая 2008 г., № 302-VI)\n Савенко, Галина Владимировна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 20 марта 2008 г., № 242-VI)\n Самойлова, Ирина Константиновна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 14 декабря 2000 г., № 2150-III)\n Семчук, Виктор Васильевич (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 21 июля 2006 г., № 19-V)\n Фатеева, Светлана Николаевна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 18 февраля 1999 г., № 446-XIV)\n Цихоцкая, Светлана Николаевна (25 июня 1991 г., № 1260-XII — 5 марта 1996 г., № 76/96-ВР)\n Джунь, Вячеслав Васильевич (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — 21 сентября 2006 г., № 175-V)\n Добролюбова, Татьяна Васильевна (с 31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII)\n Лилак, Дмитрий Дмитриевич (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 6 декабря 2001 г. № 2873-III избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Милевский, Иосиф Романович (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — 3 апреля 2003 г., № 722-IV)\n Панченко, Наталья Петровна (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — 2 ноября 2006 г., № 310-V)\n Подоляк, Ольга Антоновна (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — 19 сентября 2013 г., № 604-VII)\n Улицкий, Аркадий Михайлович (31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII — 23 мая 2013 г., № 312-VII)\n Чернов, Евгений Владимирович (с 31 января 1992 г., № 2080-XII)\n Шицкий, Иван Богданович (22 апреля 1993 г., № 3137-XII — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 24 декабря 1997 г. № 781/97-ВР избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Чупрун, Владимир Дмитриевич (30 июня 1993 г., № 3347-XII — 11 декабря 2003 г., № 1396-IV)\n Шульга, Александр Федорович (30 июня 1993 г., № 3347-XII — 21 апреля 2011 г., № 3289-VI)\n Андрийчук, Владимир Васильевич (16 ноября 1993 г., № 3602-XII — 5 марта 1996 г., № 76/96-ВР)\n Селиваненко, Владимир Павлович (с 16 ноября 1993 г., № 3602-XII)\n Остапенко, Николай Иванович (17 декабря 1993 г., № 3742-XII — 5 марта 1996 г., № 76/96-ВР; с 28 ноября 2002 г., № 335-IV)\n Першиков, Евгений Владимирович (с 17 декабря 1993 г., № 3742-XII)\n Черногуз, Федор Федорович (17 декабря 1993 г., № 3742-XII — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 24 июня 2004 г. № 1855-IV избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Васищак, Игорь Николаевич (с 14 октября 1994 г., № 211/94-ВР)\n Борденюк, Евгения Николаевна (с 5 марта 1996 г., № 77/96-ВР)\n Карабань, Владимир Яковлевич (5 марта 1996 г., № 77/96-ВР — 11 сентября 2003 г., № 1163-IV; с 12 января 2006 г., № 3331-IV)\n Ходаковская, Ирина Поликарповна (с 5 марта 1996 г., № 77/96-ВР)\n Белоус, Валентина Степановна (30 июля 1996 г., № 619/96 — назначена сроком на 5 лет)\n Гусак, Николай Борисович (4 декабря 1996 г., № 562/96-ВР — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 6 декабря 2001 г. № 2873-III избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Невдашенко, Любовь Петровна (13 февраля 1997 г., № 137/97 — назначена сроком на 5 лет; 17 января 2002 г., № 3003-III — 20 марта 2008 г., № 242-VI)\n Палий, Валентина Михайловна (10 июня 1997 г., № 504/97 — назначена сроком на 5 лет; с 11 июля 2002 г., № 106-IV)\n Чабан, Владимир Владимирович (5 августа 1997 г., № 766/97 — назначен сроком на 5 лет; 11 июля 2002 г., № 106-IV — 7 октября 2010 г., № 2596-VI)\n Щетка, Станислав Алексеевич (31 декабря 1997 г., № 1403/97 — назначен сроком на 5 лет; 28 ноября 2002 г., № 335-IV — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 21 сентября 2006 г. № 174-V избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Плюшко, Игорь Анатольевич (13 февраля 1998 г., № 116/98 — назначен сроком на 5 лет; с 28 ноября 2002 г., № 335-IV)\n Кузьменко, Николай Васильевич (9 апреля 1998 г., № 276/98 — назначен сроком на 5 лет; с 28 ноября 2002 г., № 335-IV)\n Дроботова, Татьяна Борисовна (11 июня 1998 г., № 607/98 — назначена сроком на 5 лет; с 17 января 2002 г., № 3003-III)\n Усенко, Евгения Андреевна (19 ноября 1998 г., № 251-XIV — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 16 марта 2006 г. № 3565-IV избрана судьей Высшего административного суда Украины)\n Козир, Татьяна Павловна (с 15 июля 1999 г., № 950-XIV)\n Михайлюк, Михаил Васильевич (15 июля 1999 г., № 950-XIV — умер 20 января 2009 г.)\n Кочерова, Нина Александровна (с 23 сентября 1999 г., № 1102-XIV)\n Перепичай, Владимир Савельевич (13 июля 2000 г., № 1894-III — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 22 мая 2008 г. № 301-VI избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины)\n Божок, Валентина Степановна (с 21 июня 2001 г., № 2576-III)\n Дерепа, Владимир Иванович (с 21 июня 2001 г., № 2576-III)\n Жаботина, Галина Васильевна (с 21 июня 2001 г., № 2576-III)\n Грек, Борис Николаевич (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Поляков, Борис Моисеевич (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Хандурин, Николай Иванович (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Харченко, Владимир Михайлович (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Черкащенко, Николай Николаевич (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Яценко, Елена Васильевна (с 6 декабря 2001 г., № 2874-III)\n Вовк, Иван Владимирович (10 января 2002 г., № 2972-III — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 16 апреля 2009 г. № 1281-VI избран судьей Верховного Суда Украины; с 2 декабря 2010 г., № 2761-VI)\n Глос, Ольга Ивановна (с 7 февраля 2002 г., № 3061-III)\n Гончарук, Петр Андреевич (с 7 февраля 2002 г., № 3061-III)\n Ткаченко, Нина Григорьевна (с 7 февраля 2002 г., № 3061-III)\n Цвигун, Валентина Леонидовна (с 4 июля 2002 г., № 58-IV)\n Титов, Николай Ильич (28 ноября 2002 г., № 335-IV — 7 октября 2004 г., № 2075-IV)\n Гоголь, Тамара Григорьевна (с 20 марта 2003 г., № 644-IV)\n Бакулина, Светлана Витальевна (с 19 июня 2003 г., № 1017-IV)\n Бенедисюк, Игорь Михайлович (с 19 июня 2003 г., № 1017-IV)\n Стратиенко, Людмила Васильевна (с 11 декабря 2003 г., № 1395-IV)\n Коваленко (Бурьянова), Светлана Сергеевна (5 февраля 2004 г., № 1465-IV — 20 июня 2013 г., № 352-VII)\n Продаевич, Людмила Валерьевна (5 февраля 2004 г., № 1465-IV — 2 декабря 2010 г., № 2764-VI)\n Удовиченко, Александр Сергеевич (с 5 февраля 2004 г., № 1465-IV)\n Костенко, Татьяна Федоровна (с 4 марта 2004 г., № 1591-IV)\n Кривда, Дмитрий Степанович (с 4 марта 2004 г., № 1591-IV)\n Фролова, Анна Николаевна (с 4 марта 2004 г., № 1591-IV)\n Волковицкая, Наталья Александровна (с 18 марта 2004 г., № 1634-IV)\n Львов, Богдан Юрьевич (с 17 июня 2004 г., № 1814-IV)\n Дунаевская, Наталья Георгиевна (с 24 июня 2004 г., № 1857-IV)\n Грейц, Ксения Владимировна (с 16 декабря 2004 г., № 2258-IV)\n Кравчук, Геннадий Анатольевич (с 13 января 2005 г., № 2346-IV)\n Панова, Ирина Юрьевна (с 7 апреля 2005 г., № 2535-IV)\n Коробенко, Геннадий Петрович (с 19 мая 2005 г., № 2583-IV)\n Мачульсий, Григорий Николаевич (с 19 мая 2005 г., № 2583-IV)\n Мележик, Неонила Ивановна (с 19 мая 2005 г., № 2583-IV)\n Полянский, Анатолий Григорьевич (с 19 мая 2005 г., № 2583-IV)\n Муравьев, Алексей Валентинович (8 июля 2005 г., № 2789-IV — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 5 июля 2012 г. № 5119-VI избран судьей Высшего административного суда Украины)\n Рогач, Лариса Ивановна (с 8 июля 2005 г., № 2789-IV)\n Катеринчук, Лилия Иосифовна (с 17 ноября 2005 г., № 3114-IV)\n Кот, Александр Васильевич (с 17 ноября 2005 г., № 3114-IV)\n Самусенко, Светлана Сергеевна (с 17 ноября 2005 г., № 3114-IV)\n Шаргало, Виктор Иванович (с 17 ноября 2005 г., № 3114-IV)\n Ковтонюк, Людмила Владимировна (с 15 декабря 2005 г., № 3219-IV)\n Владимиренко, Светлана Вячеславовна (с 5 октября 2006 г., № 210-V)\n Данилова, Татьяна Борисовна (с 2 ноября 2006 г., № 308-V)\n Шевчук, Светлана Ростиславовна (с 2 ноября 2006 г., № 308-V)\n Зарецкая, Анастасия Алексеевна (с 17 мая 2007 г., № 1035-V)\n Мамонтова, Елена Николаевна (с 17 мая 2007 г., № 1035-V)\n Швец, Виктор Александрович (с 17 мая 2007 г., № 1036-V)\n Бернацкая, Жанна Александровна (с 27 июня 2007 г., № 1238-V)\n Волик, Иван Николаевич (с 27 июня 2007 г., № 1238-V)\n Губенко, Надежда Михайловна (с 20 марта 2008 г., № 237-VI)\n Коваленко, Владимир Николаевич (с 20 марта 2008 г., № 238-VI)\n Короткевич, Александр Евгеньевич (с 20 марта 2008 г., № 238-VI)\n Барицкая, Татьяна Лукинична (с 10 апреля 2008 г., № 260-VI)\n Малетич, Михаил Михайлович (с 25 сентября 2008 г., № 597-VI)\n Белошкап, Елена Владимировна (с 19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI)\n Демидова, Алла Маркияновна (с 19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI)\n Мирошниченко, Станислав Владимирович (с 19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI)\n Мищенко, Петр Кириллович (с 19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI)\n Могил, Сергей Константинович (с 19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI)\n Олейник, Владимир Федорович (19 февраля 2009 г., № 1030-VI — 7 октября 2010 г., № 2596-VI)\n Капацин, Надежда Васильевна (с 11 июня 2009 г., № 1514-VI)\n Кролевец, Ольга Анатольевна (с 22 октября 2009 г., № 1682-VI)\n Жукова, Любовь Владимировна (с 19 ноября 2009 г., № 1736-VI)\n Студенец, Владимир Иванович (с 15 апреля 2010 г., № 2136-VI)\n Татьков, Виктор Иванович (с 8 июля 2010 г., № 2476-VI)\n Сибига, Александр Николаевич (с 21 октября 2010 г., № 2636-VI)\n Саранюк, Василий Иванович (с 13 января 2011 г., № 2934-VI)\n Прокопанич, Галина Кризостановна (с 13 января 2011 г., № 2935-VI)\n Иванова, Лариса Брониславовна (с 3 марта 2011 г., № 3089-VI)\n Евсиков, Алексей Александрович (с 17 марта 2011 г., № 3152-VI)\n Кондратова, Ирина Дмитриевна (с 21 апреля 2011 г., № 3287-VI)\n Куровский, Сергей Викторович (с 12 мая 2011 г., № 3336-VI)\n Полищук, Владимир Юзефович (с 12 мая 2011 г., № 3336-VI)\n Хрипун, Олег Алексеевич (12 мая 2011 г., № 3336-VI — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 18 апреля 2013 г. № 212-VII избран судьей Киевского апелляционного хозяйственного суда)\n Бондарь, Сергей Владимирович (с 7 июля 2011 г., № 3615-VI)\n Кругликова, Екатерина Степановна (с 7 июля 2011 г., № 3617-VI)\n Волков, Роман Владимирович (7 июля 2011 г., № 3622-VI — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 20 октября 2011 г. № 3934-VI избран судьей хозяйственного суда Одесской области)\n Новикова, Рита Георгиевна (7 июля 2011 г., № 3622-VI — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 9 февраля 2012 г. № 4376-VI избрана судьей хозяйственного суда Одесской области)\n Акулова, Нина Владимировна (с 22 сентября 2011 г., № 3784-VI)\n Алеева, Инна Вячеславовна (с 22 сентября 2011 г., № 3784-VI)\n Величко, Надежда Леонидовна (22 сентября 2011 г., № 3784-VI — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 9 февраля 2012 г. № 4378-VI избрана судьей хозяйственного суда Днепропетровской области)\n Запорощенко, Михаил Дмитриевич (с 22 сентября 2011 г., № 3784-VI)\n Попикова, Ольга Владимировна (с 22 сентября 2011 г., № 3784-VI)\n Гольцова, Лариса Анатольевна (с 6 октября 2011 г., № 3832-VI)\n Князьков, Валерий Владимирович (6 октября 2011 г., № 3834-VI — постановлением Верховной Рады Украины от 23 февраля 2012 г. № 4457-VI избран судьей хозяйственного суда города Киева)\n Несветова, Надежда Николаевна (с 3 ноября 2011 г., № 4004-VI)\n Погребняк, Владимир Яковлевич (с 12 января 2012 г., № 4325-VI)\n Корсак, Виталий Антонович (с 15 марта 2012 г., № 4533-VI)\n Палий, Валентин Валерьевич (с 21 июня 2012 г., № 5010-VI)\n Данилова, Мальвина Владимировна (с 21 июня 2012 г., № 5012-VI)\n Поляк, Елена Ивановна (с 5 июля 2012 г., № 5121-VI)\n Емельянов, Артур Станиславович (с 18 апреля 2013 г., № 212-VII)\n Картере, Валерий Иванович (с 23 мая 2013 г., № 309-VII)\n\nПримечания\n\nСсылки \n Официальный сайт \n База данных «Законодательство Украины» (на официальном сайте Верховной Рады Украины) \n\nКатегория:Суды по алфавиту\nКатегория:Суды Украины\nКатегория:Государственное устройство Украины\nКатегория:Арбитражные суды\nКатегория:Здания и сооружения Киева\nКатегория:Организации, основанные в 1991 году\nКатегория:Судебная система Украины\n\nWhat is the name of the official print publication of the Supreme Economic Court of Ukraine that publishes analyses of judicial statistics and guidance for lower courts?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d4c5d3f36bcd40958f09b9c98fdfd6a4", "conversation_index": 786951, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1021, "prompt": "Summerise this into 250 words. ভূমিকা:-\n\n\"নানা ভাষা নানা মত নানা পরিধান বিবিধের মাঝে দেখ মিলন মহান।\"\n\nভারত এক বৈচিত্র্যময় দেশ। এই দেশের অপার্থিব সৌন্দর্য জাতি-ধর্ম-বর্ণ পোশাক ভাষা পরিচ্ছদের বৈচিত্র এক ঐতিহ্যশালী দেশে পরিণত করেছে। তাইতো ঐতিহাসিকরা একে ‘Epitome of the World’ বলেছেন। তবে ভারতের এই যাবতীয় বৈচিত্র মূলক উপাদানের মধ্যে ঐক্যের ক্ষীণস্রোতটিও প্রবহমান। তাইতো ভারতে এসেছে বৈচিত্রের মধ্যে ঐক্য।\n ভৌগলিক বৈচিত্রের ঐক্য:-\nভৌগলিক বৈচিত্রের রূপসজ্জায় সজ্জিত হয়েছে ভারতবর্ষ। দেশটির একদিকে যেমন রয়েছে হিমালয়ের মত সুউচ্চ পর্বতমালা তেমনি রয়েছে সাগর, উপসাগর, মহাসাগর।আবার এই দেশেরই উত্তর-পূর্বে যেমন রয়েছে চেরাপুঞ্জির মত পৃথিবীর সবথেকে আর্দ্র অঞ্চল , তেমনই পশ্চিমে রয়েছে রাজস্থানের উষ্ণ ,শুষ্ক থর মরুভূমি, উত্তরে ও পূর্বে নদী গঠিত বিশাল সমভূমি অঞ্চল।  তাছাড়া প্রাচীন শিলাগঠিত দাক্ষিণাত্য মালভূমি ও উপকূলীয় অঞ্চল ভারতে ভৌগোলিক বৈচিত্র্য এনেছে। তবে বহু প্রাচীনকাল হতেই হিমালয় থেকে কন্যাকুমারিকা পর্যন্ত বিস্তীর্ণ ভূভাগ ভারত নামে পরিচিত। অর্থাৎ পাহাড়-পর্বত, মালভূমি, সমভূমি ,মরুভূমি, সকল বৈচিত্র্যময় ভূমিরূপ নিয়ে ভারতবর্ষ একটি অভিন্ন দেশ।\nতাই উত্তরে ঠান্ডা আবহাওয়া ও তুষারপাত হয়, দক্ষিনে প্রায় সারা বছরই গরম ও আর্দ্র আবহাওয়া থাকে। মৌসুমী বায়ুর প্রভাবে প্রচুর বৃষ্টিপাত হয়।\n[14/06, 8:32 am] Tanu NAME_1 (wife): এখানে যেমন বরফ গলা  জলে পুষ্ট নদী আছে তেমনি বৃষ্টির জলে পুষ্ট নদী ও দেখা যায়।\n*জাতিগত ও ভাষাগত বৈচিত্র্য:*\nএখানকার অভয়ারণ্য পশুরালয়ে বিভিন্ন রকম পশুপাখি স্বাধীনভাবে বসবাস করে\n \"শক- হুন- দল- পাঠান-  মোঘল \nএক দেহে হলো লীন\" \n\nভারত ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ বহু জাতির দেশ। বিভিন্ন ভাষাভাষীর মানুষ এখানে একসাথে মিলেমিশে বাস করে।ভারতে প্রায়১৪ টি স্বীকৃত ভাষা ২২৫ টির মত আঞ্চলিক ভাষা ও ৬০০ টির মত উপভাষা বিদ্যমান। এখানে যেমন বাঙালি, তেলেগু, মারোয়ারি, বিহারী, পাঞ্জাবি ইত্যাদি নানা জাতির একত্রে বসবাস তেমনি আবার সাঁওতাল, কোল,মুন্ডা ইত্যাদি  উপজাতিরও বসবাস রয়েছে। ভারতের রাষ্ট্রীয় ভাষা হিন্দি হলেও বিভিন্ন প্রদেশে বিভিন্ন প্রাদেশিক ও  আঞ্চলিক ভাষা প্রচলিত, যেমন বাংলা, উড়িয়া, তামিল, মালায়ালাম, উর্দু ইত্যাদি। কিন্তু এত বৈচিত্র্য থাকা সত্ত্বেও তারা একই দেশে এক সুতোই বেঁধে আছে।: ধর্মীয় বৈচিত্রের ঐক্য:-\nভারতে আছে শিখ, হিন্দু, মুসলিম, বৌদ্ধ, জৈন, খ্রিষ্টান ইত্যাদি নানান ধর্মের মানুষ। তাই এই দেশে বিভিন্ন ধর্মের উৎসব অনুষ্ঠান সারা বছর ধরে পালিত হয়, যেমন হিন্দুদের দুর্গোৎসব, দীপাবলি, গণেশ চতুর্থী, হোলি,পোঙ্গাল ইত্যাদি, মুসলিমদের ঈদ, মহরম, বৌদ্ধদের বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা, জৈনদের মহাবীর জয়ন্তী, শিখদের গুরু নায়ক জয়ন্তী, খ্রিস্টানদের বড়দিন।তবুও ভারতে নানান তীর্থস্থানে পরিভ্রমণ করে পাওয়া যায় ঐক্যের চেতনা। আবার রাখি পূর্ণিমা উৎসবে সকল ধর্মের মানুষ একত্রিত হয়ে একে অপরকে রাখি পরিয়ে বৈচিত্রের মধ্যে ঐক্য স্থাপন করে।তাইতো V.Smith বলেছেন\n\nএভাবে ধর্মীয় মে"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "61cadc2b30ba433c8730f9c360709e68", "conversation_index": 252964, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 986, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60%\nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nNAME_2 MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_3 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_4 & NAME_5 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet ONLY the following most recent five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Ignore any total security values during information retrieval. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security:"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "02e224e12f126a762cea2ccf77c60045715b727cbd6348f9", "conversation_index": 5743, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5670, "prompt": "// language: Go\npackage row\n\nimport (\n\t\"context\"\n\t\"sort\"\n\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/internal/client\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/roachpb\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/pgwire/pgerror\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/privilege\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sem/tree\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sqlbase\"\n\t\"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/log\"\n\t\"github.com/pkg/errors\"\n)\n\n// ID is an alias for sqlbase.ID.\ntype ID = sqlbase.ID\n\ntype TableLookupsByID map[ID]TableLookup\n\n// TableLookup is the value type of TableLookupsByID: An optional table\ntype TableLookup struct {\n\tTable       *sqlbase.ImmutableTableDescriptor\n\tIsAdding    bool\n\tCheckHelper *sqlbase.CheckHelper\n}\n\ntype TableLookupFunction func(context.Context, ID) (TableLookup, error)\n\nfunc NoLookup(_ context.Context, _ ID) (TableLookup, error) {\n\treturn TableLookup{}, nil\n}\n\ntype CheckPrivilegeFunction func(context.Context, sqlbase.DescriptorProto, privilege.Kind) error\n\nfunc NoCheckPrivilege(_ context.Context, _ sqlbase.DescriptorProto, _ privilege.Kind) error {\n\treturn nil\n}\n\ntype FKCheck int\n\nconst (\n\tCheckDeletes FKCheck = iota\n\tCheckInserts\n\tCheckUpdates\n)\n\ntype tableLookupQueueElement struct {\n\ttableLookup TableLookup\n\tusage       FKCheck\n}\n\ntype tableLookupQueue struct {\n\tqueue          []tableLookupQueueElement\n\talreadyChecked map[ID]map[FKCheck]struct{}\n\ttableLookups   TableLookupsByID\n\tlookup         TableLookupFunction\n\tcheckPrivilege CheckPrivilegeFunction\n\tanalyzeExpr    sqlbase.AnalyzeExprFunction\n}\n\nfunc (tl *TableLookup) addCheckHelper(\n\tctx context.Context, analyzeExpr sqlbase.AnalyzeExprFunction,\n) error {\n\tif analyzeExpr == nil {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\ttableName := tree.MakeUnqualifiedTableName(tree.Name(tl.Table.Name))\n\ttl.CheckHelper = &sqlbase.CheckHelper{}\n\treturn tl.CheckHelper.Init(ctx, analyzeExpr, &tableName, tl.Table)\n}\n\nfunc (q *tableLookupQueue) getTable(ctx context.Context, tableID ID) (TableLookup, error) {\n\tif tableLookup, exists := q.tableLookups[tableID]; exists {\n\t\treturn tableLookup, nil\n\t}\n\ttableLookup, err := q.lookup(ctx, tableID)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn TableLookup{}, err\n\t}\n\tif!tableLookup.IsAdding && tableLookup.Table!= nil {\n\t\tif err := q.checkPrivilege(ctx, tableLookup.Table, privilege.SELECT); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn TableLookup{}, err\n\t\t}\n\t\tif err := tableLookup.addCheckHelper(ctx, q.analyzeExpr); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn TableLookup{}, err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\tq.tableLookups[tableID] = tableLookup\n\treturn tableLookup, nil\n}\n\nfunc (q *tableLookupQueue) enqueue(ctx context.Context, tableID ID, usage FKCheck) error {\n\t// Lookup the table.\n\ttableLookup, err := q.getTable(ctx, tableID)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\t// Don't enqueue if lookup returns an empty tableLookup. This just means that\n\t// there is no need to walk any further.\n\tif tableLookup.Table == nil {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\tif alreadyCheckByTableID, exists := q.alreadyChecked[tableID]; exists {\n\t\tif _, existsInner := alreadyCheckByTableID[usage]; existsInner {\n\t\t\treturn nil\n\t\t}\n\t} else {\n\t\tq.alreadyChecked[tableID] = make(map[FKCheck]struct{})\n\t}\n\tq.alreadyChecked[tableID][usage] = struct{}{}\n\tif tableLookup.IsAdding {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\tswitch usage {\n\tcase CheckDeletes:\n\t\tif err := q.checkPrivilege(ctx, tableLookup.Table, privilege.DELETE); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\tcase CheckUpdates:\n\t\tif err := q.checkPrivilege(ctx, tableLookup.Table, privilege.UPDATE); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t(*q).queue = append((*q).queue, tableLookupQueueElement{tableLookup: tableLookup, usage: usage})\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (q *tableLookupQueue) dequeue() (TableLookup, FKCheck, bool) {\n\tif len((*q).queue) == 0 {\n\t\treturn TableLookup{}, 0, false\n\t}\n\telem := (*q).queue[0]\n\t(*q).queue = (*q).queue[1:]\n\treturn elem.tableLookup, elem.usage, true\n}\n\n// TablesNeededForFKs populates a map of TableLookupsByID for all the\nfunc TablesNeededForFKs(\n\tctx context.Context,\n\ttable sqlbase.ImmutableTableDescriptor,\n\tusage FKCheck,\n\tlookup TableLookupFunction,\n\tcheckPrivilege CheckPrivilegeFunction,\n\tanalyzeExpr sqlbase.AnalyzeExprFunction,\n) (TableLookupsByID, error) {\n\tqueue := tableLookupQueue{\n\t\ttableLookups:   make(TableLookupsByID),\n\t\talreadyChecked: make(map[ID]map[FKCheck]struct{}),\n\t\tlookup:         lookup,\n\t\tcheckPrivilege: checkPrivilege,\n\t\tanalyzeExpr:    analyzeExpr,\n\t}\n\tbaseTableLookup := TableLookup{Table: &table}\n\tif err := baseTableLookup.addCheckHelper(ctx, analyzeExpr); err!= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\tqueue.tableLookups[table.ID] = baseTableLookup\n\tif err := queue.enqueue(ctx, table.ID, usage); err!= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\tfor {\n\t\ttableLookup, curUsage, exists := queue.dequeue()\n\t\tif!exists {\n\t\t\treturn queue.tableLookups, nil\n\t\t}\n\t\tif tableLookup.IsAdding || tableLookup.Table == nil {\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t}\n\t\tfor _, idx := range tableLookup.Table.AllNonDropIndexes() {\n\t\t\tif curUsage == CheckInserts || curUsage == CheckUpdates {\n\t\t\t\tif idx.ForeignKey.IsSet() {\n\t\t\t\t\tif _, err := queue.getTable(ctx, idx.ForeignKey.Table); err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif curUsage == CheckDeletes || curUsage == CheckUpdates {\n\t\t\t\tfor _, ref := range idx.ReferencedBy {\n\t\t\t\t\treferencedTableLookup, err := queue.getTable(ctx, ref.Table)\n\t\t\t\t\tif err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tif referencedTableLookup.IsAdding || referencedTableLookup.Table == nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\treferencedIdx, err := referencedTableLookup.Table.FindIndexByID(ref.Index)\n\t\t\t\t\tif err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tif curUsage == CheckDeletes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar nextUsage FKCheck\n\t\t\t\t\t\tswitch referencedIdx.ForeignKey.OnDelete {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_CASCADE:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnextUsage = CheckDeletes\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SET_DEFAULT, sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SET_NULL:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnextUsage = CheckUpdates\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif err := queue.enqueue(ctx, referencedTableLookup.Table.ID, nextUsage); err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif referencedIdx.ForeignKey.OnUpdate == sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_CASCADE ||\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treferencedIdx.ForeignKey.OnUpdate == sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SET_DEFAULT ||\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\treferencedIdx.ForeignKey.OnUpdate == sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SET_NULL {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif err := queue.enqueue(\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tctx, referencedTableLookup.Table.ID, CheckUpdates,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t); err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\ntype SpanKVFetcher struct {\n\tKVs []roachpb.KeyValue\n}\n\nfunc (f *SpanKVFetcher) nextBatch(\n\t_ context.Context,\n) (ok bool, kvs []roachpb.KeyValue, batchResponse []byte, span roachpb.Span, err error) {\n\tif len(f.KVs) == 0 {\n\t\treturn false, nil, nil, roachpb.Span{}, nil\n\t}\n\tres := f.KVs\n\tf.KVs = nil\n\treturn true, res, nil, roachpb.Span{}, nil\n}\n\nfunc (f *SpanKVFetcher) getRangesInfo() []roachpb.RangeInfo {\n\tpanic(\"getRangesInfo() called on SpanKVFetcher\")\n}\n\ntype fkBatchChecker struct {\n\tbatch roachpb.BatchRequest\n\tbatchIdxToFk []*baseFKHelper\n\ttxn          *client.Txn\n}\n\nfunc (f *fkBatchChecker) reset() {\n\tf.batch.Reset()\n\tf.batchIdxToFk = f.batchIdxToFk[:0]\n}\n\nfunc (f *fkBatchChecker) addCheck(\n\tctx context.Context, row tree.Datums, source *baseFKHelper, traceKV bool,\n) error {\n\tspan, err := source.spanForValues(row)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\tr := roachpb.RequestUnion{}\n\tscan := roachpb.ScanRequest{\n\t\tRequestHeader: roachpb.RequestHeaderFromSpan(span),\n\t}\n\tif traceKV {\n\t\tlog.VEventf(ctx, 2, \"FKScan %s\", span)\n\t}\n\tr.MustSetInner(&scan)\n\tf.batch.Requests = append(f.batch.Requests, r)\n\tf.batchIdxToFk = append(f.batchIdxToFk, source)\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (f *fkBatchChecker) runCheck(\n\tctx context.Context, oldRow tree.Datums, newRow tree.Datums,\n) error {\n\tif len(f.batch.Requests) == 0 {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\tdefer f.reset()\n\n\tbr, err := f.txn.Send(ctx, f.batch)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn err.GoError()\n\t}\n\n\tfetcher := SpanKVFetcher{}\n\tfor i, resp := range br.Responses {\n\t\tfk := f.batchIdxToFk[i]\n\t\tfetcher.KVs = resp.GetInner().(*roachpb.ScanResponse).Rows\n\t\tif err := fk.rf.StartScanFrom(ctx, &fetcher); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t\tswitch fk.dir {\n\t\tcase CheckInserts:\n\t\t\tif fk.rf.kvEnd {\n\t\t\t\tfkValues := make(tree.Datums, fk.prefixLen)\n\n\t\t\t\tfor valueIdx, colID := range fk.searchIdx.ColumnIDs[:fk.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\t\t\tfkValues[valueIdx] = newRow[fk.ids[colID]]\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewErrorf(pgerror.CodeForeignKeyViolationError,\n\t\t\t\t\t\"foreign key violation: value %s not found in %s@%s %s (txn=%s)\",\n\t\t\t\t\tfkValues, fk.searchTable.Name, fk.searchIdx.Name, fk.searchIdx.ColumnNames[:fk.prefixLen], f.txn.ID())\n\t\t\t}\n\t\tcase CheckDeletes:\n\t\t\tif!fk.rf.kvEnd {\n\t\t\t\tif oldRow == nil {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewErrorf(pgerror.CodeForeignKeyViolationError,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"foreign key violation: non-empty columns %s referenced in table %q\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfk.writeIdx.ColumnNames[:fk.prefixLen], fk.searchTable.Name)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tfkValues := make(tree.Datums, fk.prefixLen)\n\t\t\t\tfor valueIdx, colID := range fk.searchIdx.ColumnIDs[:fk.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\t\t\tfkValues[valueIdx] = oldRow[fk.ids[colID]]\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewErrorf(pgerror.CodeForeignKeyViolationError,\n\t\t\t\t\t\"foreign key violation: values %v in columns %s referenced in table %q\",\n\t\t\t\t\tfkValues, fk.writeIdx.ColumnNames[:fk.prefixLen], fk.searchTable.Name)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\tlog.Fatalf(ctx, \"impossible case: baseFKHelper has dir=%v\", fk.dir)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn nil\n}\n\ntype fkInsertHelper struct {\n\tfks map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper\n\n\tchecker *fkBatchChecker\n}\n\nvar errSkipUnusedFK = errors.New(\"no columns involved in FK included in writer\")\n\nfunc makeFKInsertHelper(\n\ttxn *client.Txn,\n\ttable *sqlbase.ImmutableTableDescriptor,\n\totherTables TableLookupsByID,\n\tcolMap map[sqlbase.ColumnID]int,\n\talloc *sqlbase.DatumAlloc,\n) (fkInsertHelper, error) {\n\th := fkInsertHelper{\n\t\tchecker: &fkBatchChecker{\n\t\t\ttxn: txn,\n\t\t},\n\t}\n\tfor _, idx := range table.AllNonDropIndexes() {\n\t\tif idx.ForeignKey.IsSet() {\n\t\t\tfk, err := makeBaseFKHelper(txn, otherTables, idx, idx.ForeignKey, colMap, alloc, CheckInserts)\n\t\t\tif err == errSkipUnusedFK {\n\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn h, err\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif h.fks == nil {\n\t\t\t\th.fks = make(map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\th.fks[idx.ID] = append(h.fks[idx.ID], fk)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn h, nil\n}\n\nfunc (h fkInsertHelper) addAllIdxChecks(ctx context.Context, row tree.Datums, traceKV bool) error {\n\tif len(h.fks) == 0 {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\tfor idx := range h.fks {\n\t\tif err := checkIdx(ctx, h.checker, h.fks, idx, row, traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (h fkInsertHelper) CollectSpans() roachpb.Spans {\n\treturn collectSpansWithFKMap(h.fks)\n}\n\nfunc (h fkInsertHelper) CollectSpansForValues(values tree.Datums) (roachpb.Spans, error) {\n\treturn collectSpansForValuesWithFKMap(h.fks, values)\n}\n\nfunc checkIdx(\n\tctx context.Context,\n\tchecker *fkBatchChecker,\n\tfks map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper,\n\tidx sqlbase.IndexID,\n\trow tree.Datums,\n\ttraceKV bool,\n) error {\nouter:\n\tfor i, fk := range fks[idx] {\n\t\tswitch fk.ref.Match {\n\t\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SIMPLE:\n\t\t\tfor _, colID := range fk.searchIdx.ColumnIDs[:fk.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\t\tfound, ok := fk.ids[colID]\n\t\t\t\tif!ok {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewAssertionErrorf(\"fk ids (%v) missing column id %d\", fk.ids, colID)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif row[found] == tree.DNull {\n\t\t\t\t\tcontinue outer\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif err := checker.addCheck(ctx, row, &fks[idx][i], traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t\t}\n\t\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_FULL:\n\t\t\tvar nulls, notNulls bool\n\t\t\tfor _, colID := range fk.searchIdx.ColumnIDs[:fk.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\t\tfound, ok := fk.ids[colID]\n\t\t\t\tif!ok {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewAssertionErrorf(\"fk ids (%v) missing column id %d\", fk.ids, colID)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif row[found] == tree.DNull {\n\t\t\t\t\tnulls = true\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tnotNulls = true\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif nulls && notNulls {\n\t\t\t\t\t// TODO(bram): expand this error to show more details.\n\t\t\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewErrorf(pgerror.CodeForeignKeyViolationError,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"foreign key violation: MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull values %s for %s\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\trow, fk.ref.Name,\n\t\t\t\t\t)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif nulls {\n\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif err := checker.addCheck(ctx, row, &fks[idx][i], traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t\t}\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\treturn pgerror.NewAssertionErrorf(\"unknown composite key match type: %v\", fk.ref.Match)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\ntype fkDeleteHelper struct {\n\tfks         map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper\n\totherTables TableLookupsByID\n\talloc       *sqlbase.DatumAlloc\n\n\tchecker *fkBatchChecker\n}\n\nfunc makeFKDeleteHelper(\n\ttxn *client.Txn,\n\ttable *sqlbase.ImmutableTableDescriptor,\n\totherTables TableLookupsByID,\n\tcolMap map[sqlbase.ColumnID]int,\n\talloc *sqlbase.DatumAlloc,\n) (fkDeleteHelper, error) {\n\th := fkDeleteHelper{\n\t\totherTables: otherTables,\n\t\talloc:       alloc,\n\t\tchecker: &fkBatchChecker{\n\t\t\ttxn: txn,\n\t\t},\n\t}\n\tfor _, idx := range table.AllNonDropIndexes() {\n\t\tfor _, ref := range idx.ReferencedBy {\n\t\t\tif otherTables[ref.Table].IsAdding {\n\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tfk, err := makeBaseFKHelper(txn, otherTables, idx, ref, colMap, alloc, CheckDeletes)\n\t\t\tif err == errSkipUnusedFK {\n\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn fkDeleteHelper{}, err\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif h.fks == nil {\n\t\t\t\th.fks = make(map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\th.fks[idx.ID] = append(h.fks[idx.ID], fk)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn h, nil\n}\n\nfunc (h fkDeleteHelper) addAllIdxChecks(ctx context.Context, row tree.Datums, traceKV bool) error {\n\tif len(h.fks) == 0 {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\tfor idx := range h.fks {\n\t\tif err := checkIdx(ctx, h.checker, h.fks, idx, row, traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (h fkDeleteHelper) CollectSpans() roachpb.Spans {\n\treturn collectSpansWithFKMap(h.fks)\n}\n\nfunc (h fkDeleteHelper) CollectSpansForValues(values tree.Datums) (roachpb.Spans, error) {\n\treturn collectSpansForValuesWithFKMap(h.fks, values)\n}\n\ntype fkUpdateHelper struct {\n\toutbound fkInsertHelper // Check rows referenced by new values still exist.\n\n\n\tchecker *fkBatchChecker\n}\n\nfunc makeFKUpdateHelper(\n\ttxn *client.Txn,\n\ttable *sqlbase.ImmutableTableDescriptor,\n\totherTables TableLookupsByID,\n\tcolMap map[sqlbase.ColumnID]int,\n\talloc *sqlbase.DatumAlloc,\n) (fkUpdateHelper, error) {\n\tret := fkUpdateHelper{\n\t\tindexIDsToCheck: make(map[sqlbase.IndexID]struct{}),\n\t}\n\tvar err error\n\tif ret.inbound, err = makeFKDeleteHelper(txn, table, otherTables, colMap, alloc); err!= nil {\n\t\treturn ret, err\n\t}\n\tret.outbound, err = makeFKInsertHelper(txn, table, otherTables, colMap, alloc)\n\tret.outbound.checker = ret.inbound.checker\n\tret.checker = ret.inbound.checker\n\treturn ret, err\n}\n\nfunc (fks fkUpdateHelper) addCheckForIndex(\n\tindexID sqlbase.IndexID, descriptorType sqlbase.IndexDescriptor_Type,\n) {\n\tif descriptorType == sqlbase.IndexDescriptor_FORWARD {\n\t\tfks.indexIDsToCheck[indexID] = struct{}{}\n\t}\n}\n\nfunc (fks fkUpdateHelper) addIndexChecks(\n\tctx context.Context, oldValues, newValues tree.Datums, traceKV bool,\n) error {\n\tfor indexID := range fks.indexIDsToCheck {\n\t\tif err := checkIdx(ctx, fks.checker, fks.inbound.fks, indexID, oldValues, traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t\tif err := checkIdx(ctx, fks.checker, fks.outbound.fks, indexID, newValues, traceKV); err!= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\nfunc (fks fkUpdateHelper) hasFKs() bool {\n\treturn len(fks.inbound.fks) > 0 || len(fks.outbound.fks) > 0\n}\n\nfunc (fks fkUpdateHelper) CollectSpans() roachpb.Spans {\n\tinboundReads := fks.inbound.CollectSpans()\n\toutboundReads := fks.outbound.CollectSpans()\n\treturn append(inboundReads, outboundReads...)\n}\n\nfunc (fks fkUpdateHelper) CollectSpansForValues(values tree.Datums) (roachpb.Spans, error) {\n\tinboundReads, err := fks.inbound.CollectSpansForValues(values)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\toutboundReads, err := fks.outbound.CollectSpansForValues(values)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\treturn append(inboundReads, outboundReads...), nil\n}\n\ntype baseFKHelper struct {\n\ttxn          *client.Txn\n\trf           Fetcher\n\tsearchIdx    *sqlbase.IndexDescriptor          // the index that must (not) contain a value\n\tprefixLen    int\n\tsearchPrefix []byte                   // prefix of keys in searchIdx\n\tdir          FKCheck                  // direction of check\n\tref          sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference\n}\n\nfunc makeBaseFKHelper(\n\ttxn *client.Txn,\n\totherTables TableLookupsByID,\n\twriteIdx sqlbase.IndexDescriptor,\n\tref sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference,\n\tcolMap map[sqlbase.ColumnID]int,\n\talloc *sqlbase.DatumAlloc,\n\tdir FKCheck,\n) (baseFKHelper, error) {\n\tb := baseFKHelper{\n\t\ttxn:         txn,\n\t\twriteIdx:    writeIdx,\n\t\tsearchTable: otherTables[ref.Table].Table,\n\t\tdir:         dir,\n\t\tref:         ref,\n\t}\n\tif b.searchTable == nil {\n\t\treturn b, errors.Errorf(\"referenced table %d not in provided table map %+v\", ref.Table, otherTables)\n\t}\n\tb.searchPrefix = sqlbase.MakeIndexKeyPrefix(b.searchTable.TableDesc(), ref.Index)\n\tsearchIdx, err := b.searchTable.FindIndexByID(ref.Index)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn b, err\n\t}\n\tb.prefixLen = len(searchIdx.ColumnIDs)\n\tif len(writeIdx.ColumnIDs) < b.prefixLen {\n\t\tb.prefixLen = len(writeIdx.ColumnIDs)\n\t}\n\tb.searchIdx = searchIdx\n\ttableArgs := FetcherTableArgs{\n\t\tDesc:             b.searchTable,\n\t\tIndex:            b.searchIdx,\n\t\tColIdxMap:        b.searchTable.ColumnIdxMap(),\n\t\tIsSecondaryIndex: b.searchIdx.ID!= b.searchTable.PrimaryIndex.ID,\n\t\tCols:             b.searchTable.Columns,\n\t}\n\terr = b.rf.Init(false /* reverse */, false /* returnRangeInfo */, false\n, alloc, tableArgs)\n\tif err!= nil {\n\t\treturn b, err\n\t}\n\n\tb.ids = make(map[sqlbase.ColumnID]int, len(writeIdx.ColumnIDs))\n\tswitch ref.Match {\n\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_SIMPLE:\n\t\tfor i, writeColID := range writeIdx.ColumnIDs[:b.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\tif found, ok := colMap[writeColID]; ok {\n\t\t\t\tb.ids[searchIdx.ColumnIDs[i]] = found\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\treturn b, errSkipUnusedFK\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn b, nil\n\tcase sqlbase.ForeignKeyReference_FULL:\n\t\tvar missingColumns []string\n\t\tfor i, writeColID := range writeIdx.ColumnIDs[:b.prefixLen] {\n\t\t\tif found, ok := colMap[writeColID]; ok {\n\t\t\t\tb.ids[searchIdx.ColumnIDs[i]] = found\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tmissingColumns = append(missingColumns, writeIdx.ColumnNames[i])\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\tswitch len(missingColumns) {\n\t\tcase 0:\n\t\t\treturn b, nil\n\t\tcase 1:\n\t\t\treturn b, errors.Errorf(\"missing value for column %q in multi-part foreign key\", missingColumns[0])\n\t\tcase b.prefixLen:\n\t\t\treturn b, errSkipUnusedFK\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\tsort.Strings(missingColumns)\n\t\t\treturn b, errors.Errorf(\"missing values for columns %q in multi-part foreign key\", missingColumns)\n\t\t}\n\tdefault:\n\t\treturn baseFKHelper{}, pgerror.NewAssertionErrorf(\n\t\t\t\"unknown composite key match type: %v\", ref.Match,\n\t\t)\n\t}\n}\n\nfunc (f baseFKHelper) spanForValues(values tree.Datums) (roachpb.Span, error) {\n\tvar key roachpb.Key\n\tif values!= nil {\n\t\tspan, _, err := sqlbase.EncodePartialIndexSpan(\n\t\t\tf.searchTable.TableDesc(), f.searchIdx, f.prefixLen, f.ids, values, f.searchPrefix)\n\t\treturn span, err\n\t}\n\tkey = roachpb.Key(f.searchPrefix)\n\treturn roachpb.Span{Key: key, EndKey: key.PrefixEnd()}, nil\n}\n\nfunc (f baseFKHelper) span() roachpb.Span {\n\tkey := roachpb.Key(f.searchPrefix)\n\treturn roachpb.Span{Key: key, EndKey: key.PrefixEnd()}\n}\n\ntype FkSpanCollector interface {\n\tCollectSpans() roachpb.Spans\n\tCollectSpansForValues(values tree.Datums) (roachpb.Spans, error)\n}\n\nvar _ FkSpanCollector = fkInsertHelper{}\nvar _ FkSpanCollector = fkDeleteHelper{}\nvar _ FkSpanCollector = fkUpdateHelper{}\n\nfunc collectSpansWithFKMap(fks map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper) roachpb.Spans {\n\tvar reads roachpb.Spans\n\tfor idx := range fks {\n\t\tfor _, fk := range fks[idx] {\n\t\t\treads = append(reads, fk.span())\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn reads\n}\n\nfunc collectSpansForValuesWithFKMap(\n\tfks map[sqlbase.IndexID][]baseFKHelper, values tree.Datums,\n) (roachpb.Spans, error) {\n\tvar reads roachpb.Spans\n\tfor idx := range fks {\n\t\tfor _, fk := range fks[idx] {\n\t\t\tread, err := fk.spanForValues(values)\n\t\t\tif err!= nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treads = append(reads, read)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn reads, nil\n}\n\nWhat is the purpose of having separate inbound and outbound helpers in fkUpdateHelper and how do they enable checking FKs on update?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "5312de2e0a1c42e0a24899b1d323155b", "conversation_index": 618171, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1344, "prompt": "Tu trouveras ci-dessous un tableau avec une liste d'entreprises de mon portefeuille d'investissement en actions et différents indicateurs financiers. Propose moi une liste de 5 actions que je devrais vendre en justifiant pourquoi.\n\nTableau:\nEquity P/E (TTM) Price to cash flow (TTM) Price to sales (TTM) Price to book (MRQ) Revenue Growth (5 Year) Revenue (YOY) Return on Equity Return on Equity (5 Year Average) Return on Investment EBITDA Margin (TTM) Annual Div Yield (ADY) Total Debt to Capital EPS Growth Rate (5 Year) Net Income (YOY)\nArkema SA 9.03 4.56 0.5917 0.9005 6.77% 21.34% 10.68% 13.44% 6.95% 16.52 3.85% 0.33 12.38% -26.60\nBeneteau SA 11.96 7.62 0.8224 1.70 -- 22.89% 15.44% -- 14.07% 14.19 2.80% 0.37 -- 40.48\nCapgemini SE 19.28 12.94 1.34 3.02 11.92% 21.12% 17.01% 13.52% 8.90% 14.90 1.92% 0.44 13.05% 33.71\nCatana Group SA 12.16 8.79 1.24 3.44 28.16% 45.99% 29.90% 27.18% 24.72% 17.47 2.15% 0.31 54.39% 12.53\nChristian Dior SE 24.18 6.89 1.77 7.36 12.64% 23.31% 33.69% 26.88% 28.75% 33.68 1.54% 0.34 20.78% 17.21\nCompagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA 9.45 4.76 0.6584 1.10 5.42% 20.15% 12.47% 11.72% 7.73% 17.75 4.74% 0.32 3.62% 8.81\nDerichebourg SA 4.31 2.23 0.1761 0.8702 14.08% 45.89% 21.93% 18.91% 10.23% 9.80 6.37% 0.50 26.24% 36.55\nEramet SA 2.70 2.00 0.478 1.34 7.28% 36.70% 64.16% 20.41% 23.40% 30.93 4.20% 0.47 34.43% 23.76\nEuronext NV 16.79 14.57 4.70 1.65 21.66% 9.25% 10.05% 18.38% 5.32% 52.88 3.62% 0.43 5.38% 5.92\nJacquet Metals SA 2.54 1.92 0.1514 0.5661 9.04% 36.24% 25.05% 18.60% 12.11% 10.59 5.66% 0.42 32.03% 48.65\nKering SA 16.31 11.01 2.91 4.17 13.48% 15.33% 26.42% 23.55% 15.94% 35.65 2.93% 0.45 16.38% 14.14\nLVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE 29.45 20.35 5.23 7.50 13.18% 23.31% 27.55% 22.69% 14.96% 33.62 1.45% 0.38 21.37% 17.02\nNhoa SA -- -- 0.5779 1.64 75.31% 448.48% -50.01% -78.74% -49.36% -20.97 -- 0.55 -- -41.76\nRubis SCA 8.48 5.08 0.3133 0.8151 12.65% 55.46% 9.83% 10.18% 6.26% 9.49 8.86% 0.45 -2.11% -10.14\nStellantis NV 3.07 2.20 0.2852 0.7079 11.18% 20.19% 26.27% 20.22% 14.65% 16.93 8.27% 0.27 20.36% 27.17\nSTMicroelectronics NV 10.06 7.44 2.69 3.21 14.08% 26.39% 37.66% 21.06% 29.21% 38.63 0.50% 0.16 81.45% 152.66\nTotalEnergies SE 6.82 4.03 0.5396 1.18 12.05% 42.61% 17.95% 9.00% 11.05% 23.96 7.06% 0.34 18.65% 28.93\nUbisoft Entertainment SA -- 4.03 1.68 2.05 0.93% -14.63% -30.08% -4.91% -13.36% 41.98 -- 0.62 -- -724.78"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "c327f35e08734cdba02a3306eeab57af", "conversation_index": 641712, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1200, "prompt": "Escribe los dos números que siguen en la serie, a partir de los siguientes 613 números:\n10\n14\n1\n6\n10\n1\n8\n3\n9\n14\n1\n16\n16\n14\n7\n7\n16\n5\n11\n2\n6\n8\n8\n4\n4\n12\n16\n11\n2\n16\n13\n15\n11\n10\n6\n3\n9\n5\n9\n13\n8\n11\n6\n11\n11\n4\n10\n6\n2\n9\n16\n7\n11\n1\n3\n8\n10\n6\n1\n2\n11\n13\n4\n13\n1\n2\n7\n4\n6\n7\n13\n8\n14\n10\n10\n8\n5\n7\n1\n14\n1\n4\n16\n12\n9\n7\n1\n2\n16\n8\n12\n13\n4\n4\n3\n6\n11\n11\n2\n4\n9\n7\n3\n15\n6\n13\n13\n3\n11\n1\n3\n1\n16\n7\n11\n16\n8\n14\n2\n4\n6\n6\n7\n3\n16\n4\n10\n13\n5\n11\n10\n15\n15\n9\n11\n7\n8\n13\n5\n9\n7\n3\n9\n13\n14\n4\n13\n6\n14\n2\n11\n11\n12\n8\n12\n11\n3\n3\n9\n16\n1\n8\n2\n12\n2\n8\n2\n3\n1\n13\n7\n11\n5\n4\n2\n3\n2\n7\n1\n16\n11\n3\n7\n3\n3\n7\n3\n7\n12\n14\n11\n15\n4\n7\n5\n7\n13\n6\n3\n13\n5\n11\n16\n14\n6\n4\n14\n14\n14\n4\n10\n5\n2\n15\n4\n4\n12\n5\n14\n16\n16\n13\n5\n2\n12\n15\n10\n7\n2\n1\n10\n11\n13\n10\n5\n12\n9\n3\n11\n1\n16\n3\n3\n8\n12\n6\n8\n14\n7\n7\n11\n12\n11\n15\n13\n11\n11\n11\n13\n15\n9\n1\n3\n8\n10\n2\n11\n12\n5\n2\n11\n7\n13\n16\n10\n1\n8\n2\n13\n2\n11\n9\n7\n11\n2\n9\n12\n2\n7\n3\n2\n13\n3\n14\n8\n6\n5\n9\n11\n15\n9\n6\n9\n12\n5\n15\n14\n2\n7\n14\n2\n13\n5\n7\n12\n7\n16\n11\n7\n15\n10\n9\n16\n11\n6\n12\n5\n2\n16\n6\n7\n7\n5\n5\n8\n16\n10\n10\n14\n11\n16\n13\n10\n3\n9\n15\n2\n3\n10\n5\n1\n5\n4\n13\n15\n10\n13\n12\n11\n7\n12\n6\n14\n13\n16\n7\n15\n12\n13\n16\n9\n6\n13\n14\n3\n4\n8\n13\n4\n8\n4\n16\n9\n2\n10\n12\n8\n6\n16\n4\n14\n1\n5\n13\n2\n3\n2\n15\n12\n13\n4\n3\n16\n5\n2\n1\n5\n2\n16\n7\n3\n7\n11\n16\n8\n1\n5\n13\n4\n13\n7\n4\n13\n2\n8\n10\n10\n4\n8\n11\n3\n8\n4\n11\n11\n2\n11\n16\n5\n5\n13\n14\n2\n11\n5\n13\n16\n6\n1\n13\n10\n2\n1\n3\n11\n16\n4\n12\n15\n16\n14\n8\n11\n1\n13\n13\n16\n6\n7\n12\n9\n13\n15\n10\n3\n15\n4\n14\n15\n11\n13\n16\n7\n10\n1\n1\n7\n1\n1\n2\n1\n8\n6\n15\n10\n9\n10\n13\n11\n14\n15\n7\n8\n11\n5\n14\n7\n15\n9\n12\n15\n3\n2\n14\n8\n14\n11\n2\n14\n3\n12\n6\n4\n4\n5\n10\n4\n1\n10\n11\n9\n14\n5\n5\n6\n9\n5\n13\n6\n11\n15\n15\n11\n11\n9\n13\n10\n7\n8\n6\n12\n6\n8\n7\n1\n3\n1\n2\n15\n16\n13\n3\n12\n4\n13\n14\n1\n8\n10\n3\n16\n9\n3\n12\n16\n10\n1\n3\n7\n4\n14\n12\n14\n7\n12\n11\n3\n11\n10\n4\n"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "fdd19a108101472ab1ea4e396aabe887", "conversation_index": 422353, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 914, "prompt": "지문: 미네르바\\n\\npsg-0 (미네르바) NAME_1. 영미식 발음으로는 '미너바'. 로마 신화 속 지혜의 여신. '미네르바'라는 이름 자체가 '생각, 지혜'라는 단어에서 유래한 듯하다. 의술, 시 등등 지혜가 필요하다고 여긴 온갖 분야의 신으로 통했다. 그리스 신화와 융합된 뒤로는 아테나와 동일시했다. 자세한 것은 아테나 항목 참조. 미네르바 : 이명박 정부 당시 다음 아고라에서 주로 활동하다가 기소되었던 인터넷 인물\\n===\\n아테나\\n\\npsg-77 (아테나) 다신교 세계의 특징을 보여주는 단면이라고 할 수 있다. 생각해보면, 위상이 떨어졌다 한들 결국 로마가 남긴 최대 유산은 건축물과 문화였다. 아이러니하게도 로마인들이 마르스보다 미네르바가 담당한 역할이 서양의 문화를 만들어낸 것이다. 그리고 사실 속성만 보면, 벨로나+미네르바=아테나란 공식이 맞다. 떼어놓고 보기엔 벨로나가 워낙 존재감이 없는 여신이라(\\n===\\n아레스\\n\\npsg-15 (아레스) 과거나 지금이나 예술이나 문화는 부유한 도시가 중심이 된다. 먹고살기 힘든 고대에선 더더욱 돈이 더 중요한 문제가 된다. 실제로 아테나는 테베, 스파르타의 몇 안되는 전승에서는 그냥 공예의 신이다. 로마에서도 아테나의 로마 이름인 미네르바는 역시 학술과 공예의 신일 뿐이다. 아테나는 그리스 신화의 내용이 실제 그리스인들이 믿는 종교였던 시절에 비해 현대에 이미지가 너무나 좋아졌다\\n===\\n아테나\\n\\npsg-73 (아테나) 그리고 상무정신 투철한 로마인지라 그리스에서와는 대접이 많이 달라지는데 아레스에 해당하는 마르스의 위상이 미네르바를 누르고 유피테르 다음으로 올라간다. 다만 몇몇 기록에서 로마의 평화와 로마 도시들의 수호신으로 묘사되기도 한다. 또한 카이사르, 폼페이우스가 로마에 등장할 때 즈음, 미네르바도 '전쟁의 신'으로 여겨졌다. 폼페이우스가 자신의 승리를 기념하기 위해 세운 것이 미네르바 신전이었다\\n===\\n아테나\\n\\npsg-72 (아테나) 중동 지방의 아나트 여신의 변형이라는 주장도 있다. 그 근거로, 키프로스인들은 아테나와 아나트를 동일시했다. 사족으로 제우스는 원시 인도유럽인의 공통 신화의 하늘신인 디에우스(Dhyeus)가 기원이다. 로마에서는 이전부터 존재하던 건축, 공예(혹은 문화)와 지식의 신 미네르바와 동일시 되었다. 단, 미네르바는 본래 전쟁의 여신은 아니며 벨로나라는 전쟁의 여신이 따로 있다\\n===\\n아레스\\n\\npsg-29 (아레스) 로마 왕정의 시조 로물루스의 아버지답게, 유피테르 다음 가는 신 마르스로 숭배받았다. 로마시대 들어서는 미네르바에게서 상당부분 전쟁 속성이 분리되었고, 심지어 유물에 따라서는 아예 마르스의 아내로 기록되는 것마저 있다. 로마 사회는 그리스 이상으로 가부장적 특성이 강한 사회라 미네르바는 철저히 지혜와 건축 같은 쪽으로 분야가 국한되었다 ### 앞의 지문을 기반으로 로마신화의 미네르바에 대해 알려줘"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "da25586b34a74d12a84720f72c9ec757", "conversation_index": 316574, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1017, "prompt": "%PDF-1.7\n%µµµµ\n1 0 obj\n<>/Metadata 470 0 R/ViewerPreferences 471 0 R>>\nendobj\n2 0 obj\n<>\nendobj\n3 0 obj\n<>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.25 842] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>\nendobj\n4 0 obj\n<>\nstream\nxś˝[_oŰČ\u00117ŕďŔGńPŃű—K\u0016† [ŽÓ\\c4m\f\u0004mŃ Ö‘\u001dÁŽťstHťOß™Ů]’âr%J˘ď\u000eŽEÍîĚěĚofw†ëߎŹ´Ę´ĐI^–™ITˇ˛\u0012\u001f2ctňĽ8>úôKňx|”ś|üV=&§§'Wów\u0017\t;y_=Ţ%“o\u000fÓ\u000fďÓŮ,9ż˜'ż\näu~}|trÉ\u0013Á’ëŰă#ž0řź'\\\u0016\u0019Ó‰Q&\u0013\"ąţ\nƒŢ~ä,ąű~|\u0004˙ÚGî\u001eß\u001e\u001fýű”1mfS}ʸą`<żśM%|Ö\u0017öwyĆ83ăř™łŮ4G\u001a|gr;FÁs>źát&ˆ\nc\u0012X^θ€ďćÜ\u000eńě„™y®$mÎx1ź\u0019\u001c\t\u001fçĆ\teÄT­3%f’>“>LÎgSŃb\u000ezâ/ż\u0004P7o8´´źý'ąţőřč\nXđďÇG»\u0019\\t\n®´Ćá-ƒ“™­q'Iş&+ys5O:(ŕc €«u\u0014hžé\"1\"Ď”é*\u0005–3Ęş\u0005\nŽĆçgč ň˘7¦7›\u0001c+ktr\u0004ź“Uk#;›ĎŃ©D)ćÖ·đX4\u0003Ŕúf\n:äá6Ô¤Ö8ˇ\u0016Ä\u0014ăçşćƒ,Ť¶:yÝ\u001cÉŻ\u0002•@fşáâ™×\\ĹĄU@\u0014Ö\u0002Č\u0016\u0010ČI„¶|6ł?\b<\u001d?)%2\u0011qÓ\u0010ěˆĂ±#CěčŚ\u0001v˜ÁY]ĄţšNóI•Nőd•\u0016“E*'źź+ü.ÁďŢ=ަS5yzNy1ůšNM3ô\u0005źî—řř'x¤áoŇ|ňN%ńą_ÁÓóÓăň\u001eY,S®ě %\u000eˆ\u000e÷Zܤfň…ćJ˜1ŞŹ Ł–\"fŹŽ“ĽźNΞWËŰęf•śĂ\u0013M \u001d\u0018č`@.8›eš~Püí/\u0003¨şˇş\u0005¬\n@)˘Ó7S­hk\u001c$´,Óš\u001dĄÓ‚[FÖ\fĆqˇ3­AŐlĂ\u0006(·Ŕw\u0003§ÚYbÍYĄÂÝ/7ećs±EírńŚ ý=U“GřY\u0010Ćţ\u001cĹÉî‚ąb88< ˆŐčV0°\u0017ƒň\\fJ·µąĆhyX¤S1Y>¦zr‹FyÂ@B{|…\u0018ŞV/\u0018B÷8¤\u001aÓ>Ú`V\tUŠ\u0004\u0010\bă\u0005ĂM,7\u0012„I\nQ˜ Ä8śtĐŰ\u0019E”\u0016†g\u0005L,D\u0013ú¤ô{Č8Ő\u0001HµíŞŐ\u0013Ř–>. ˢ-\u00134\"™\u001c>\bHQůä‹\u0003ŕňž2Ú ´5ňŔáËŠ¦?ĄSH}?ŕ‹\u0017|´łşŽŘ{I\nÜ%zV4(Źµ2…ˆĺ(KtŘhÓQeVD&űő\u0010Ń®§'E\u0005“Vd\n$Ô–h"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "fd8645d984c3f38552f093f3ca6a150f49666837d2493d8a", "conversation_index": 3206, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6001, "prompt": "# language: Python\n\"\"\"\nTelematrix\n\nApp servi\n\"\"\"\nimport asyncio\nimport html\nimport json\nimport logging\nimport mimetypes\nfrom datetime import datetime\nfrom time import time\nfrom urllib.parse import unquote, quote, urlparse, parse_qs\nfrom io import BytesIO\nimport re\n\nfrom PIL import Image\nfrom aiohttp import web, ClientSession\nfrom aiotg import Bot\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\nimport telematrix.database as db\n\ntry:\n    with open('config.json', 'r') as config_file:\n        CONFIG = json.load(config_file)\n\n        HS_TOKEN = CONFIG['tokens']['hs']\n        AS_TOKEN = CONFIG['tokens']['as']\n        TG_TOKEN = CONFIG['tokens']['telegram']\n\n        try:\n            GOOGLE_TOKEN = CONFIG['tokens']['google']\n        except KeyError:\n            GOOGLE_TOKEN = None\n\n        MATRIX_HOST = CONFIG['hosts']['internal']\n        MATRIX_HOST_EXT = CONFIG['hosts']['external']\n        MATRIX_HOST_BARE = CONFIG['hosts']['bare']\n\n        MATRIX_PREFIX = MATRIX_HOST + '_matrix/client/r0/'\n        MATRIX_MEDIA_PREFIX = MATRIX_HOST + '_matrix/media/r0/'\n\n        USER_ID_FORMAT = CONFIG['user_id_format']\n        DATABASE_URL = CONFIG['db_url']\n\n        AS_PORT = CONFIG['as_port'] if 'as_port' in CONFIG else 5000\nexcept (OSError, IOError) as exception:\n    print('Error opening config file:')\n    print(exception)\n    exit(1)\n\nGOO_GL_URL = 'https://www.googleapis.com/urlshortener/v1/url'\n\nTG_BOT = Bot(api_token=TG_TOKEN)\nMATRIX_SESS = ClientSession()\nSHORTEN_SESS = ClientSession()\n\n\ndef create_response(code, obj):\n    \"\"\"\n    Create an HTTP response with a JSON body.\n    :param code: The status code of the response.\n    :param obj: The object to serialize and include in the response.\n    :return: A web.Response.\n    \"\"\"\n    return web.Response(text=json.dumps(obj), status=code,\n                        content_type='application/json', charset='utf-8')\n\n\nVALID_TAGS = ['b','strong', 'i', 'em', 'a', 'pre']\n\n\ndef sanitize_html(string):\n    \"\"\"\n    Sanitize an HTML string for the Telegram bot API.\n    :param string: The HTML string to sanitized.\n    :return: The sanitized HTML string.\n    \"\"\"\n    string = string.replace('<br>', '\\n').replace('<br/>', '\\n') \\\n                  .replace('<br />', '\\n')\n    soup = BeautifulSoup(string, 'html.parser')\n    for tag in soup.find_all(True):\n        if tag.name == 'blockquote':\n            tag.string = ('\\n' + tag.text).replace('\\n', '\\n> ')[3:-3]\n        if tag.name not in VALID_TAGS:\n            tag.hidden = True\n    return soup.renderContents().decode('utf-8')\n\n\ndef format_matrix_msg(form, content):\n    \"\"\"\n    Formats a matrix message for sending to Telegram\n    :param form: The format string of the message, where the first parameter\n                 is the username and the second one the message.\n    :param content: The content to be sent.\n    :return: The formatted string.\n    \"\"\"\n    if 'format' in content and content['format'] == 'org.matrix.custom.html':\n        sanitized = sanitize_html(sanitized)\n        return html.escape(form).format(sanitized), 'HTML'\n    else:\n        return form.format(html.escape(content['body'])), None\n\n\nasync def download_matrix_file(url, filename):\n    \"\"\"\n    Download a file from an MXC URL to /tmp/{filename}\n    :param url: The MXC URL to download from.\n    :param filename: The filename in /tmp/ to download into.\n    \"\"\"\n    m_url = MATRIX_MEDIA_PREFIX + 'download/{}{}'.format(url.netloc, url.path)\n    async with MATRIX_SESS.get(m_url) as response:\n        data = await response.read()\n    with open('/tmp/{}'.format(filename), 'wb') as file:\n        file.write(data)\n\n\nasync def shorten_url(url):\n    \"\"\"\n    Shorten an URL using goo.gl. Returns the original URL if it fails.\n    :param url: The URL to shorten.\n    :return: The shortened URL.\n    \"\"\"\n    if not GOOGLE_TOKEN:\n        return url\n\n    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}\n    async with SHORTEN_SESS.post(GOO_GL_URL, params={'key': GOOGLE_TOKEN},\n                                 data=json.dumps({'longUrl': url}),\n                                 headers=headers) \\\n            as response:\n        obj = await response.json()\n\n    if 'id' in obj:\n        return obj['id']\n    else:\n        return url\n\ndef matrix_is_telegram(user_id):\n    username = user_id.split(':')[0][1:]\n    return username.startswith('telegram_')\n\ndef get_username(user_id):\n    return user_id.split(':')[0][1:]\n\nmime_extensions = {\n    'image/jpeg': 'jpg',\n    'image/gif': 'gif',\n    'image/png': 'png',\n    'image/tiff': 'tif',\n    'image/x-tiff': 'tif',\n    'image/bmp': 'bmp',\n    'image/x-windows-bmp': 'bmp'\n}\n\nasync def matrix_transaction(request):\n    \"\"\"\n    Handle a transaction sent by the homeserver.\n    :param request: The request containing the transaction.\n    :return: The response to send.\n    \"\"\"\n    body = await request.json()\n    events = body['events']\n    for event in events:\n        if 'age' in event and event['age'] > 600000:\n            print('discarded event of age', event['age'])\n            continue\n        try:\n            print('{}: <{}> {}'.format(event['room_id'], event['user_id'], event['type']))\n        except KeyError:\n            pass\n\n        if event['type'] =='m.room.aliases' and event['state_key'] == MATRIX_HOST_BARE:\n            aliases = event['content']['aliases']\n\n            links = db.session.query(db.ChatLink)\\\n                     .filter_by(matrix_room=event['room_id']).all()\n            for link in links:\n                db.session.delete(link)\n\n            for alias in aliases:\n                print(alias)\n                if alias.split('_')[0]!= '#telegram' \\\n                        or alias.split(':')[-1]!= MATRIX_HOST_BARE:\n                    continue\n\n                tg_id = alias.split('_')[1].split(':')[0]\n                link = db.ChatLink(event['room_id'], tg_id, True)\n                db.session.add(link)\n                db.session.commit()\n\n            continue\n\n        link = db.session.query(db.ChatLink)\\\n                .filter_by(matrix_room=event['room_id']).first()\n        if not link:\n            print('{} isn\\'t linked!'.format(event['room_id']))\n            continue\n        group = TG_BOT.group(link.tg_room)\n\n        try:\n            response = None\n\n            if event['type'] =='m.room.message':\n                user_id = event['user_id']\n                if matrix_is_telegram(user_id):\n                    continue\n\n\n                sender = db.session.query(db.MatrixUser)\\\n                          .filter_by(matrix_id=user_id).first()\n\n                if not sender:\n                    response = await matrix_get('client', 'profile/{}/displayname'\n                                                         .format(user_id), None)\n                    try:\n                        displayname = response['displayname']\n                    except KeyError:\n                        displayname = get_username(user_id)\n                    sender = db.MatrixUser(user_id, displayname)\n                    db.session.add(sender)\n                else:\n                    displayname = sender.name or get_username(user_id)\n                content = event['content']\n\n                if'msgtype' not in content:\n                    continue\n\n                if content['msgtype'] =='m.text':\n                    msg, mode = format_matrix_msg('{}', content)\n                    response = await group.send_text(\"<b>{}:</b> {}\".format(displayname, msg), parse_mode='HTML')\n                elif content['msgtype'] =='m.notice':\n                    msg, mode = format_matrix_msg('{}', content)\n                    response = await group.send_text(\"[{}] {}\".format(displayname, msg), parse_mode=mode)\n                elif content['msgtype'] =='m.emote':\n                    msg, mode = format_matrix_msg('{}', content)\n                    response = await group.send_text(\"* {} {}\".format(displayname, msg), parse_mode=mode)\n                elif content['msgtype'] =='m.image':\n                    try:\n                        url = urlparse(content['url'])\n\n                        ext = mime_extensions[content['info']['mimetype']]\n                        if not content['body'].endswith(ext):\n                            content['body'] += '.' + ext\n\n                        # Download the file\n                        await download_matrix_file(url, content['body'])\n                        with open('/tmp/{}'.format(content['body']), 'rb') as img_file:\n                            url_str = MATRIX_HOST_EXT + \\\n                                      '_matrix/media/r0/download/{}{}' \\\n                                     .format(url.netloc, quote(url.path))\n                            url_str = await shorten_url(url_str)\n\n                            caption = '{} sent an image'.format(displayname)\n                            response = await group.send_photo(img_file, caption=caption)\n                    except:\n                        pass\n                else:\n                    print('Unsupported message type {}'.format(content['msgtype']))\n                    print(json.dumps(content, indent=4))\n\n            elif event['type'] =='m.room.member':\n                if matrix_is_telegram(event['state_key']):\n                    continue\n\n                user_id = event['state_key']\n                content = event['content']\n\n                sender = db.session.query(db.MatrixUser)\\\n                          .filter_by(matrix_id=user_id).first()\n                if sender:\n                    displayname = sender.name\n                else:\n                    displayname = get_username(user_id)\n\n                if content['membership'] == 'join':\n                    oldname = sender.name if sender else get_username(user_id)\n                    try:\n                        displayname = content['displayname'] or get_username(user_id)\n                    except KeyError:\n                        displayname = get_username(user_id)\n\n                    if not sender:\n                        sender = db.MatrixUser(user_id, displayname)\n                    else:\n                        sender.name = displayname\n                    db.session.add(sender)\n\n                    msg = None\n                    if 'unsigned' in event and 'prev_content' in event['unsigned']:\n                        prev = event['unsigned']['prev_content']\n                        if prev['membership'] == 'join':\n                            if 'displayname' in prev and prev['displayname']:\n                                oldname = prev['displayname']\n\n                            msg = '> {} changed their display name to {}'\\\n                                 .format(oldname, displayname)\n                    else:\n                        msg = '> {} has joined the room'.format(displayname)\n\n                    if msg:\n                        response = await group.send_text(msg)\n                elif content['membership'] == 'leave':\n                    msg = '< {} has left the room'.format(displayname)\n                    response = await group.send_text(msg)\n                elif content['membership'] == 'ban':\n                    msg = '<! {} was banned from the room'.format(displayname)\n                    response = await group.send_text(msg)\n\n            if response:\n                message = db.Message(\n                    response['result']['chat']['id'],\n                    response['result']['message_id'],\n                    event['room_id'],\n                    event['event_id'],\n                    displayname)\n                db.session.add(message)\n\n        except RuntimeError as e:\n            print('Got a runtime error:', e)\n            print('Group:', group)\n\n    db.session.commit()\n    return create_response(200, {})\n\n\nasync def _matrix_request(method_fun, category, path, user_id, data=None,\n                          content_type=None):\n    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments\n    if content_type is None:\n        content_type = 'application/octet-stream'\n    if data is not None:\n        if isinstance(data, dict):\n            data = json.dumps(data)\n            content_type = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'\n\n    params = {'access_token': AS_TOKEN}\n    if user_id is not None:\n        params['user_id'] = user_id\n\n    async with method_fun('{}_matrix/{}/r0/{}'\n                         .format(MATRIX_HOST, quote(category), quote(path)),\n                          params=params, data=data,\n                          headers={'Content-Type': content_type}) as response:\n        if response.headers['Content-Type'].split(';')[0] \\\n                == 'application/json':\n            return await response.json()\n        else:\n            return await response.read()\n\n\ndef matrix_post(category, path, user_id, data, content_type=None):\n    return _matrix_request(MATRIX_SESS.post, category, path, user_id, data,\n                           content_type)\n\n\ndef matrix_put(category, path, user_id, data, content_type=None):\n    return _matrix_request(MATRIX_SESS.put, category, path, user_id, data,\n                           content_type)\n\n\ndef matrix_get(category, path, user_id):\n    return _matrix_request(MATRIX_SESS.get, category, path, user_id)\n\n\ndef matrix_delete(category, path, user_id):\n    return _matrix_request(MATRIX_SESS.delete, category, path, user_id)\n\n\nasync def matrix_room(request):\n    room_alias = request.match_info['room_alias']\n    args = parse_qs(urlparse(request.path_qs).query)\n    print('Checking for {} | {}'.format(unquote(room_alias),\n                                        args['access_token'][0]))\n\n    try:\n        if args['access_token'][0]!= HS_TOKEN:\n            return create_response(403, {'errcode': 'M_FORBIDDEN'})\n    except KeyError:\n        return create_response(401,\n                               {'errcode':\n                                'NL.SIJMENSCHOON.TELEMATRIX_UNAUTHORIZED'})\n\n    localpart = room_alias.split(':')[0]\n    chat = '_'.join(localpart.split('_')[1:])\n\n    link = db.session.query(db.ChatLink).filter_by(tg_room=chat).first()\n    if link:\n        await matrix_post('client', 'createRoom', None,\n                          {'room_alias_name': localpart[1:]})\n        return create_response(200, {})\n    else:\n        return create_response(404, {'errcode':\n                                     'NL.SIJMENSCHOON.TELEMATRIX_NOT_FOUND'})\n\n\ndef send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id, **kwargs):\n    url = 'rooms/{}/send/m.room.message/{}'.format(room_id, txn_id)\n    return matrix_put('client', url, user_id, kwargs)\n\n\nasync def upload_tgfile_to_matrix(file_id, user_id, mime='image/jpeg', convert_to=None):\n    file_path = (await TG_BOT.get_file(file_id))['file_path']\n    request = await TG_BOT.download_file(file_path)\n    data = await request.read()\n\n    if convert_to:\n        image = Image.open(BytesIO(data))\n        png_image = BytesIO(None)\n        image.save(png_image, convert_to)\n\n        j = await matrix_post('media', 'upload', user_id, png_image.getvalue(), mime)\n        length = len(png_image.getvalue())\n    else:\n        j = await matrix_post('media', 'upload', user_id, data, mime)\n        length = len(data)\n\n    if 'content_uri' in j:\n        return j['content_uri'], length\n    else:\n        return None, 0\n\n\nasync def register_join_matrix(chat, room_id, user_id):\n    name = chat.sender['first_name']\n    if 'last_name' in chat.sender:\n        name +='' + chat.sender['last_name']\n    name +='(Telegram)'\n    user = user_id.split(':')[0][1:]\n\n    await matrix_post('client','register', None,\n                      {'type':'m.login.application_service', 'user': user})\n    profile_photos = await TG_BOT.get_user_profile_photos(chat.sender['id'])\n    try:\n        pp_file_id = profile_photos['result']['photos'][0][-1]['file_id']\n        pp_uri, _ = await upload_tgfile_to_matrix(pp_file_id, user_id)\n        if pp_uri:\n            await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/avatar_url'.format(user_id),\n                             user_id, {'avatar_url': pp_uri})\n    except IndexError:\n        pass\n\n    await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/displayname'.format(user_id),\n                     user_id, {'displayname': name})\n    j = await matrix_post('client', 'join/{}'.format(room_id), user_id, {})\n    if 'errcode' in j and j['errcode'] == 'M_FORBIDDEN':\n        print(\"Error with <{}> joining room <{}>. This is likely because guests are not allowed to join the room.\"\n             .format(user_id, room_id))\n\nasync def update_matrix_displayname_avatar(tg_user):\n    name = tg_user['first_name']\n    if 'last_name' in tg_user:\n        name +='' + tg_user['last_name']\n    name +='(Telegram)'\n    user_id = USER_ID_FORMAT.format(tg_user['id'])\n    \n    db_user = db.session.query(db.TgUser).filter_by(tg_id=tg_user['id']).first()\n\n    profile_photos = await TG_BOT.get_user_profile_photos(tg_user['id'])\n    pp_file_id = None\n    try:\n        pp_file_id = profile_photos['result']['photos'][0][-1]['file_id']\n    except:\n        pp_file_id = None\n\n    if db_user:\n        if db_user.name!= name:\n            await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/displayname'.format(user_id), user_id, {'displayname': name})\n            db_user.name = name\n        if db_user.profile_pic_id!= pp_file_id:\n            if pp_file_id:\n                pp_uri, _ = await upload_tgfile_to_matrix(pp_file_id, user_id)\n                await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/avatar_url'.format(user_id), user_id, {'avatar_url':pp_uri})\n            else:\n                await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/avatar_url'.format(user_id), user_id, {'avatar_url':None})\n            db_user.profile_pic_id = pp_file_id\n    else:\n        db_user = db.TgUser(tg_user['id'], name, pp_file_id)\n        await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/displayname'.format(user_id), user_id, {'displayname': name})\n        if pp_file_id:\n            pp_uri, _ = await upload_tgfile_to_matrix(pp_file_id, user_id)\n            await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/avatar_url'.format(user_id), user_id, {'avatar_url':pp_uri})\n        else:\n            await matrix_put('client', 'profile/{}/avatar_url'.format(user_id), user_id, {'avatar_url':None})\n        db.session.add(db_user)\n    db.session.commit()\n        \n\n@TG_BOT.handle('sticker')\nasync def aiotg_sticker(chat, sticker):\n    link = db.session.query(db.ChatLink).filter_by(tg_room=chat.id).first()\n    if not link:\n        print('Unknown telegram chat {}: {}'.format(chat, chat.id))\n        return\n\n    await update_matrix_displayname_avatar(chat.sender);\n\n    room_id = link.matrix_room\n    user_id = USER_ID_FORMAT.format(chat.sender['id'])\n    txn_id = quote('{}{}'.format(chat.message['message_id'], chat.id))\n\n    file_id = sticker['file_id']\n    uri, length = await upload_tgfile_to_matrix(file_id, user_id, 'image/png', 'PNG')\n\n    info = {'mimetype': 'image/png','size': length, 'h': sticker['height'],\n            'w': sticker['width']}\n    body = 'Sticker_{}.png'.format(int(time() * 1000))\n\n    if uri:\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id, body=body,\n                                      url=uri, info=info, msgtype='m.image')\n\n        if 'errcode' in j and j['errcode'] == 'M_FORBIDDEN':\n            await register_join_matrix(chat, room_id, user_id)\n            await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id + 'join',\n                                      body=body, url=uri, info=info,\n                                      msgtype='m.image')\n\n        if 'caption' in chat.message:\n            await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id + 'caption',\n                                      body=chat.message['caption'],\n                                      msgtype='m.text')\n        if 'event_id' in j:\n            name = chat.sender['first_name']\n            if 'last_name' in chat.sender:\n                name += \" \" + chat.sender['last_name']\n            name += \" (Telegram)\"\n            message = db.Message(\n                    chat.message['chat']['id'],\n                    chat.message['message_id'],\n                    room_id,\n                    j['event_id'],\n                    name)\n            db.session.add(message)\n            db.session.commit()\n\n@TG_BOT.handle('photo')\nasync def aiotg_photo(chat, photo):\n    link = db.session.query(db.ChatLink).filter_by(tg_room=chat.id).first()\n    if not link:\n        print('Unknown telegram chat {}: {}'.format(chat, chat.id))\n        return\n\n    await update_matrix_displayname_avatar(chat.sender);\n    room_id = link.matrix_room\n    user_id = USER_ID_FORMAT.format(chat.sender['id'])\n    txn_id = quote('{}{}'.format(chat.message['message_id'], chat.id))\n\n    file_id = photo[-1]['file_id']\n    uri, length = await upload_tgfile_to_matrix(file_id, user_id)\n    info = {'mimetype': 'image/jpeg','size': length, 'h': photo[-1]['height'],\n            'w': photo[-1]['width']}\n    body = 'Image_{}.jpg'.format(int(time() * 1000))\n\n    if uri:\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id, body=body,\n                                      url=uri, info=info, msgtype='m.image')\n\n        if 'errcode' in j and j['errcode'] == 'M_FORBIDDEN':\n            await register_join_matrix(chat, room_id, user_id)\n            await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id + 'join',\n                                      body=body, url=uri, info=info,\n                                      msgtype='m.image')\n\n        if 'caption' in chat.message:\n            await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id + 'caption',\n                                      body=chat.message['caption'],\n                                      msgtype='m.text')\n\n        if 'event_id' in j:\n            name = chat.sender['first_name']\n            if 'last_name' in chat.sender:\n                name += \" \" + chat.sender['last_name']\n            name += \" (Telegram)\"\n            message = db.Message(\n                    chat.message['chat']['id'],\n                    chat.message['message_id'],\n                    room_id,\n                    j['event_id'],\n                    name)\n            db.session.add(message)\n            db.session.commit()\n\n@TG_BOT.command(r'/alias')\nasync def aiotg_alias(chat, match):\n                    .format(chat.id, MATRIX_HOST_BARE))\n\n\n@TG_BOT.command(r'(?s)(.*)')\nasync def aiotg_message(chat, match):\n    link = db.session.query(db.ChatLink).filter_by(tg_room=chat.id).first()\n    if link:\n        room_id = link.matrix_room\n    else:\n        print('Unknown telegram chat {}: {}'.format(chat, chat.id))\n        return\n\n    await update_matrix_displayname_avatar(chat.sender);\n    user_id = USER_ID_FORMAT.format(chat.sender['id'])\n    txn_id = quote('{}:{}'.format(chat.message['message_id'], chat.id))\n\n    message = match.group(0)\n\n    if 'forward_from' in chat.message:\n        fw_from = chat.message['forward_from']\n        if 'last_name' in fw_from:\n            msg_from = '{} {} (Telegram)'.format(fw_from['first_name'],\n                                                 fw_from['last_name'])\n        else:\n            msg_from = '{} (Telegram)'.format(fw_from['first_name'])\n\n        quoted_msg = '\\n'.join(['>{}'.format(x) for x in message.split('\\n')])\n        quoted_msg = 'Forwarded from {}:\\n{}' \\\n                    .format(msg_from, quoted_msg)\n\n        quoted_html = '<blockquote>{}</blockquote>' \\\n                     .format(html.escape(message).replace('\\n', '<br />'))\n        quoted_html = '<i>Forwarded from {}:</i>\\n{}' \\\n                     .format(html.escape(msg_from), quoted_html)\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id,\n                                      body=quoted_msg,\n                                      formatted_body=quoted_html,\n                                      format='org.matrix.custom.html',\n                                      msgtype='m.text')\n\n    elif'reply_to_message' in chat.message:\n        re_msg = chat.message['reply_to_message']\n        if not 'text' in re_msg and not 'photo' in re_msg and not'sticker' in re_msg:\n            return\n        if 'last_name' in re_msg['from']:\n            msg_from = '{} {} (Telegram)'.format(re_msg['from']['first_name'],\n                                                 re_msg['from']['last_name'])\n        else:\n            msg_from = '{} (Telegram)'.format(re_msg['from']['first_name'])\n        date = datetime.fromtimestamp(re_msg['date']) \\\n              .strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')\n\n        reply_mx_id = db.session.query(db.Message)\\\n               .filter_by(tg_group_id=chat.message['chat']['id'], tg_message_id=chat.message['reply_to_message']['message_id']).first()\n\n        html_message = html.escape(message).replace('\\n', '<br />')\n        if 'text' in re_msg:\n            quoted_msg = '\\n'.join(['>{}'.format(x)\n                                    for x in re_msg['text'].split('\\n')])\n            quoted_html = '<blockquote>{}</blockquote>' \\\n                         .format(html.escape(re_msg['text'])\n                                 .replace('\\n', '<br />'))\n        else:\n            quoted_msg = ''\n            quoted_html = ''\n\n        if reply_mx_id:\n            quoted_msg = 'Reply to {}:\\n{}\\n\\n{}' \\\n                        .format(reply_mx_id.displayname, quoted_msg, message)\n            quoted_html = '<i><a href=\"https://matrix.to/#/{}/{}\">Reply to {}</a>:</i><br />{}<p>{}</p>' \\\n                         .format(html.escape(room_id), html.escape(reply_mx_id.matrix_event_id), html.escape(reply_mx_id.displayname),\n                                  quoted_html, html_message)\n        else:\n            quoted_msg = 'Reply to {}:\\n{}\\n\\n{}' \\\n                        .format(msg_from, quoted_msg, message)\n            quoted_html = '<i>Reply to {}:</i><br />{}<p>{}</p>' \\\n                         .format(html.escape(msg_from),\n                                  quoted_html, html_message)\n\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id,\n                                      body=quoted_msg,\n                                      formatted_body=quoted_html,\n                                      format='org.matrix.custom.html',\n                                      msgtype='m.text')\n    else:\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id, body=message,\n                                      msgtype='m.text')\n\n    if 'errcode' in j and j['errcode'] == 'M_FORBIDDEN':\n        await register_join_matrix(chat, room_id, user_id)\n        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)\n        j = await send_matrix_message(room_id, user_id, txn_id + 'join',\n                                      body=message, msgtype='m.text')\n    elif 'event_id' in j:\n        name = chat.sender['first_name']\n        if 'last_name' in chat.sender:\n            name += \" \" + chat.sender['last_name']\n        name += \" (Telegram)\"\n        message = db.Message(\n                chat.message['chat']['id'],\n                chat.message['message_id'],\n                room_id,\n                j['event_id'],\n                name)\n        db.session.add(message)\n        db.session.commit()\n\n\ndef main():\n    \"\"\"\n    Main function to get the entire ball rolling.\n    \"\"\"\n    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING)\n    db.initialize(DATABASE_URL)\n\n    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()\n    asyncio.ensure_future(TG_BOT.loop())\n\n    app = web.Application(loop=loop)\n    app.router.add_route('GET', '/rooms/{room_alias}', matrix_room)\n    app.router.add_route('PUT', '/transactions/{transaction}',\n                         matrix_transaction)\n    web.run_app(app, port=AS_PORT)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()\n\nWhat information does the Message database model contain about a matched message from Telegram and Matrix?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "3860c9c7166f4795ac4ffaf021c707c0", "conversation_index": 154069, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 939, "prompt": "Divide the following table into several parts according to the logical structure of sub-tables.\nContact:  Contact:NAME_1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nCustomer Reference:  Sales Office Reference:  Lead Time:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nItem:183  Rev:  Qty:1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nTags:020-PV-3002  Date Last Modified:16/10/2014  LSCN 4579\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nDescription:NPS  4  HPAT  657  Size  45\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nService Description:M/U H2 TO 020E303\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n1\tFluid: H2 SPILLBACK\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCrit. Pres. PC:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\tSERVICE CONDITIONS\t\t\tUnits:\t\tMaximum\t\t\t\t\tNormal\t\t\tMinimum\t\t\t\t\n2\tVolumetric Flow Rate Gas (Qg)\t\t\tNm3/h\t\t121950.000\t\t\t\t\t20157.000\t\t\t7364.000\t\t\t\t\n3\tInlet Pressure (P1)\t\t\tMPa(g)\t\t20.380\t\t\t\t\t20.390\t\t\t19.550\t\t\t\t\n4\tPressure Change (dP)\t\t\tMPa\t\t17.960\t\t\t\t\t18.030\t\t\t17.170\t\t\t\t\n5\tInlet Temperature (T1)\t\t\tdeg C\t\t131.000\t\t\t\t\t131.000\t\t\t131.000\t\t\t\t\n6\tM  /  Gg\t\t\tM\t\t2.400\t\t\t\t\t2.400\t\t\t2.400\t\t\t\t\n7\tSpecific heats ratio (gamma)\t\t\t\t\t1.402\t\t\t\t\t1.402\t\t\t1.402\t\t\t\t\n8\tDynamic Viscosity (Mu)\t\t\tcP\t\t0.012\t\t\t\t\t0.012\t\t\t0.012\t\t\t\t\n9\tSizing Coefficient (Cv)\t\t\t\t\t18.257\t\t\t\t\t3.015\t\t\t1.149\t\t\t\t\n10\t\t\t\t% Open\t\t85\t\t\t\t\t30\t\t\t10\t\t\t\t\n11\t(Allowed  /  Calculated)\t\t\tdB(A)\t\t85/81\t\t\t\t\t85/69\t\t\t85/63\t\t\t\t\n12\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n|\tPIPE  LINE  |\t\t\t\t\t\t\t53\tACTUATOR Type:  Spring & Diaphragm\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n13\t\"Size,  Schedule  In:  8  in,  SCH  140  <2>\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t54\tMfg/Model:  Fisher/657\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n14\t\"Size,  Schedule  Out:  8  in,  SCH  STD  <2>\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t55\tSize:  45  Eff Area:  105 in2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n15\tInsulation:  |\t\t\t\t\t\t\t56\tOn/Off:  -  Modulating:  Throttling\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n16\tVALVE BODY/BONNET  Type:  Angle\t\t\t\t\t\t\t57\t\"Spring Action:  Up,Open\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n17\tSize:  4  Inch  ANSI  CL1500\t\t\t\t\t\t\t58\tNAME_2 Allow Press:  0.51 MPag\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n18\tNAME_2 Press/Temp:  21.96 MPa(g)/10/190 deg C\t\t\t\t\t\t\t59\tMin Req'd Press:  0.21 Mpag\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n19\tMfg/Model:  Fisher/HPAT\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60\tAvailable Air Supply Pressure\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n20\tBody/Bonnet Matl:  A216-WCC HT\t\t\t\t\t\t\t61\tNAME_2:  1.03 Mpag  Min:  0.45 Mpag\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n21\tLiner Matl/ID:  None\t\t\t\t\t\t\t62\tBench Range:  0.05-0.17 MPag\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n22\tEnd  Connection  In:  4  in  CL1500  RTJ  Flg\t\t\t\t\t\t\t63\tAct Orientation:  Vert. Up\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n23\tEnd  Connection  Out:  4  in  CL1500  RTJ  Flg\t\t\t\t\t\t\t64\tHandwheel Type:  None\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n24\tFlg Face Finish:  63-125 AARH\t\t\t\t\t\t\t65\tAir Failure Valve:  Open  Set at:  N/A\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n25\tEnd  Ext/Matl:  |\t\t\t\t\t\t\t66\t|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n26\tFlow Direction:  Up\t\t\t\t\t\t\t67\tInput Signal:  4-20 mA dc\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n27\tBONNET Type:  NAME_3 (EXT)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t68\tPOSITIONER Type:  Single Acting\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n28\tLub-Iso Valve:  No  Lube:  No\t\t\t\t\t\t\t69\t\"Mfg/Model: Fisher/DVC6200,HC\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n29\tPacking "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "387fdeaa19a04433823fccaaaed96014", "conversation_index": 704966, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 971, "prompt": "I will give you a text, remove repeated segments:\n\n\ncopy No. 4 Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon: \t  Histopathological\t  examinaFon ExaminaFon\t  No.:\t  \t  ExaminaFon\t  No.:\t  \t  ExaminaFon\t  No.:\t  \t   PaKent :\t  XXX PaKent :\t  XXX PESEL:\t   XXX PESEL:\t   XXX PESEL:\t   XXX PESEL:\t   XXX Age:\t   Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t  Gender:\t  \t   Material:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t  resecFon\t  –\t  segment\t  of\t  the\t  large\t  intesFneMaterial:\t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  \t  MulFple\t  organ\t"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "15235741357a4a77b7cb30668771fdaa", "conversation_index": 127994, "turn_index": 22, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 900, "prompt": "Nome do Log:   Application\nFonte:         Application Error\nData:          02/06/2023 10:21:39\nIdentificação do Evento:1000\nCategoria da Tarefa:Eventos de falha do aplicativo\nNível:         Erro\nPalavras-chave:\nUsuário:       SEFAAD\\07212309974\nComputador:    00-499422.sefaad.local\nDescrição:\nNome do aplicativo com falha: SearchHost.exe, versão: 623.11002.0.0, carimbo de data/hora: 0x6441da30\nNome do módulo com falha: twinapi.appcore.dll, versão: 10.0.22621.1778, carimbo de data/hora: 0x8a05c015\nCódigo de exceção: 0xc000027b\nDeslocamento da falha: 0x00000000000c07f3\nID do processo com falha: 0x0x2ECC\nHora de início do aplicativo com falha: 0x0x1D99550EC88D7AA\nCaminho do aplicativo com falha: C:\\Windows\\SystemApps\\MicrosoftWindows.Client.CBS_cw5n1h2txyewy\\SearchHost.exe\nCaminho do módulo com falha: C:\\Windows\\System32\\twinapi.appcore.dll\nID do Relatório: 1c582ca8-5bd6-4ac4-8047-08cf430ccc29\nNome completo do pacote com falha: MicrosoftWindows.Client.CBS_1000.22642.1000.0_x64__cw5n1h2txyewy\nID do aplicativo relativo ao pacote com falha: CortanaUI\nXML de Evento:\n<Event xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event\">\n  <System>\n    <Provider Name=\"Application Error\" Guid=\"{a0e9b465-b939-57d7-b27d-95d8e925ff57}\" />\n    <EventID>1000</EventID>\n    <Version>0</Version>\n    <Level>2</Level>\n    <Task>100</Task>\n    <Opcode>0</Opcode>\n    <Keywords>0x8000000000000000</Keywords>\n    <TimeCreated SystemTime=\"2023-06-02T13:21:39.4177102Z\" />\n    <EventRecordID>8988</EventRecordID>\n    <Correlation />\n    <Execution ProcessID=\"5540\" ThreadID=\"11284\" />\n    <Channel>Application</Channel>\n    <Computer>00-499422.sefaad.local</Computer>\n    <Security UserID=\"S-1-5-21-3607280404-62230264-1032112407-123806\" />\n  </System>\n  <EventData>\n    <Data Name=\"AppName\">SearchHost.exe</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"AppVersion\">623.11002.0.0</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"AppTimeStamp\">6441da30</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ModuleName\">twinapi.appcore.dll</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ModuleVersion\">10.0.22621.1778</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ModuleTimeStamp\">8a05c015</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ExceptionCode\">c000027b</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"FaultingOffset\">00000000000c07f3</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ProcessId\">0x2ecc</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ProcessCreationTime\">0x1d99550ec88d7aa</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"AppPath\">C:\\Windows\\SystemApps\\MicrosoftWindows.Client.CBS_cw5n1h2txyewy\\SearchHost.exe</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"ModulePath\">C:\\Windows\\System32\\twinapi.appcore.dll</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"IntegratorReportId\">1c582ca8-5bd6-4ac4-8047-08cf430ccc29</Data>\n    <Data Name=\"PackageFul"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "b288b6453ce84d63a8126774f3cdd4d0", "conversation_index": 570867, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 893, "prompt": "I have sets of 5 numbers, the numbers in the set-in positions 1 to 5 range from 1 to 43. I'm going to give you 614 sets of 5 numbers, these have an order: the first set is the oldest and the last set is the most recent. Using machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) predicts what the next set of 6 numbers would be (the set number 615). The result must be a single set of 5 numbers. Do the calculation and write the result. The sets of 5 numbers are:\n\n15\t28\t36\t37\t41\n1\t2\t25\t31\t33\n6\t19\t25\t28\t36\n5\t6\t7\t12\t37\n1\t20\t36\t39\t43\n12\t19\t22\t35\t38\n11\t19\t27\t28\t37\n15\t21\t26\t28\t36\n1\t11\t28\t31\t41\n7\t22\t29\t32\t41\n8\t12\t20\t36\t40\n12\t13\t25\t31\t42\n3\t26\t33\t34\t38\n3\t20\t33\t34\t40\n13\t20\t26\t29\t40\n2\t9\t12\t34\t40\n9\t20\t24\t31\t33\n4\t6\t14\t17\t29\n3\t4\t9\t20\t32\n18\t22\t32\t37\t39\n10\t16\t18\t35\t40\n20\t22\t25\t37\t43\n1\t7\t12\t19\t21\n7\t23\t30\t33\t36\n7\t23\t24\t34\t39\n14\t15\t20\t25\t40\n6\t9\t15\t37\t42\n1\t27\t31\t34\t36\n3\t13\t14\t17\t23\n1\t22\t31\t32\t37\n14\t25\t28\t37\t41\n4\t5\t9\t13\t40\n15\t16\t18\t19\t37\n6\t14\t32\t34\t42\n1\t5\t6\t13\t26\n13\t15\t18\t26\t43\n1\t6\t12\t18\t36\n4\t24\t28\t36\t39\n1\t4\t13\t23\t33\n8\t16\t19\t35\t41\n1\t2\t20\t31\t43\n7\t11\t23\t41\t43\n10\t17\t24\t37\t42\n10\t16\t19\t23\t34\n4\t15\t22\t23\t38\n1\t10\t28\t35\t41\n3\t10\t13\t21\t38\n24\t31\t32\t33\t34\n19\t22\t29\t38\t39\n2\t10\t21\t23\t35\n18\t27\t38\t40\t41\n17\t26\t27\t28\t40\n2\t4\t9\t15\t24\n11\t21\t31\t32\t39\n13\t20\t28\t35\t40\n22\t24\t28\t34\t42\n15\t20\t25\t29\t43\n2\t4\t10\t17\t37\n1\t18\t22\t30\t39\n11\t18\t23\t32\t40\n8\t12\t22\t29\t39\n9\t12\t18\t37\t41\n15\t21\t25\t26\t31\n2\t5\t7\t9\t28\n2\t14\t21\t27\t28\n3\t23\t28\t29\t32\n11\t15\t23\t24\t25\n11\t23\t33\t36\t42\n17\t23\t25\t29\t31\n8\t14\t20\t22\t42\n6\t8\t13\t29\t31\n2\t13\t14\t26\t42\n14\t30\t35\t37\t40\n1\t2\t33\t34\t41\n1\t2\t4\t5\t13\n1\t5\t9\t29\t42\n7\t10\t24\t31\t43\n6\t17\t23\t2"}
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type=\"text/css\"/>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../resize.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../navtreedata.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../navtree.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */\n  $(document).ready(initResizable);\n/* @license-end */</script>\n<link href=\"../../search/search.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\"/>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../search/searchdata.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../search/search.js\"></script>\n<link href=\"../../doxygen.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" />\n</head>\n<body>\n<div id=\"top\">\n<div id=\"titlearea\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n <tbody>\n <tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n  <td id=\"projectalign\" style=\"padding-left: 0.5em;\">\n   <div id=\"projectname\">XenForo\n   &#160;<span id=\"projectnumber\">1.5.12</span>\n   </div>\n  </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table>\n</div>\n<!-- end header part -->\n<!-- Generated by Doxygen 1.8.15 -->\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */\nvar searchBox = new SearchBox(\"searchBox\", \"../../search\",false,'Search');\n/* @license-end */\n</script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../menudata.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"../../menu.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */\n$(function() {\n  initMenu('../../',true,false,'search.php','Search');\n  $(document).ready(function() { init_search(); });\n});\n/* @license-end */</script>\n<div id=\"main-nav\"></div>\n</div><!-- top -->\n<div id=\"side-nav\" class=\"ui-resizable side-nav-resizable\">\n  <div id=\"nav-tree\">\n    <div 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class=\"summary\">\n<a href=\"#pub-methods\">Public Member Functions</a> &#124;\n<a href=\"#pro-methods\">Protected Member Functions</a> &#124;\n<a href=\"#pro-attribs\">Protected Attributes</a>  </div>\n  <div class=\"headertitle\">\n<div class=\"title\">XenForo_Discussion_Definition_Abstract Class Reference</div>  </div>\n</div><!--header-->\n<div class=\"contents\">\n<div class=\"dynheader\">\nInheritance diagram for XenForo_Discussion_Definition_Abstract:</div>\n<div class=\"dyncontent\">\n <div class=\"center\">\n  <img src=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.png\" usemap=\"#XenForo_5FDiscussion_5FDefinition_5FAbstract_map\" alt=\"\"/>\n  <map id=\"XenForo_5FDiscussion_5FDefinition_5FAbstract_map\" name=\"XenForo_5FDiscussion_5FDefinition_5FAbstract_map\">\n<area href=\"../../d1/d22/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___thread.html\" alt=\"XenForo_Discussion_Definition_Thread\" shape=\"rect\" coords=\"0,56,244,80\"/>\n  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class=\"memitem:a674a18ef898e77b4abf1236e691769e7\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\"><a id=\"a674a18ef898e77b4abf1236e691769e7\"></a>\n&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><b>getDiscussionKeyName</b> ()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:a674a18ef898e77b4abf1236e691769e7\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"memitem:af15fe3dbebe8308e9cd1a49ad4bdf86c\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\"><a id=\"af15fe3dbebe8308e9cd1a49ad4bdf86c\"></a>\n&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><b>getContainerKeyName</b> ()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:af15fe3dbebe8308e9cd1a49ad4bdf86c\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"memitem:aa843137beb02bc2516fe0551c00ff7d7\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\"><a id=\"aa843137beb02bc2516fe0551c00ff7d7\"></a>\n&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><b>getContentType</b> ()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:aa843137beb02bc2516fe0551c00ff7d7\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n</table><table class=\"memberdecls\">\n<tr class=\"heading\"><td colspan=\"2\"><h2 class=\"groupheader\"><a name=\"pro-methods\"></a>\nProtected Member Functions</h2></td></tr>\n<tr class=\"memitem:a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\">&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><a class=\"el\" href=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.html#a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\">_getDiscussionStructure</a> ()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"memitem:a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\">&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><a class=\"el\" href=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.html#a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\">_getDiscussionConfiguration</a> ()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n</table><table class=\"memberdecls\">\n<tr class=\"heading\"><td colspan=\"2\"><h2 class=\"groupheader\"><a name=\"pro-attribs\"></a>\nProtected Attributes</h2></td></tr>\n<tr class=\"memitem:aea6099be0fc888dd6a62bd417d0bdeda\"><td class=\"memItemLeft\" align=\"right\" valign=\"top\"><a id=\"aea6099be0fc888dd6a62bd417d0bdeda\"></a>\n&#160;</td><td class=\"memItemRight\" valign=\"bottom\"><b>$_structure</b> = array()</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"separator:aea6099be0fc888dd6a62bd417d0bdeda\"><td class=\"memSeparator\" colspan=\"2\">&#160;</td></tr>\n</table>\n<h2 class=\"groupheader\">Constructor &amp; Destructor Documentation</h2>\n<a id=\"a095c5d389db211932136b53f25f39685\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a095c5d389db211932136b53f25f39685\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>__construct()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">__construct </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Constructor. </p>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<h2 class=\"groupheader\">Member Function Documentation</h2>\n<a id=\"a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>_getDiscussionConfiguration()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n<table class=\"mlabels\">\n  <tr>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-left\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">_getDiscussionConfiguration </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n  </td>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-right\">\n<span class=\"mlabels\"><span class=\"mlabel\">protected</span></span>  </td>\n  </tr>\n</table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the parts of the discussion configuration options that override the defaults. Options:</p><ul>\n<li>changeUserMessageCount (true)</li>\n</ul>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>array </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>_getDiscussionStructure()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n<table class=\"mlabels\">\n  <tr>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-left\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">_getDiscussionStructure </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n  </td>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-right\">\n<span class=\"mlabels\"><span class=\"mlabel\">abstract</span><span class=\"mlabel\">protected</span></span>  </td>\n  </tr>\n</table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the structure of the discussion record. This only includes parts that are variable. Keys returned:</p><ul>\n<li>table - name of the table (eg, xf_thread)</li>\n<li>key - name of the discussion's key (eg, thread_id)</li>\n<li>container - name of the container's key (eg, forum_id); leave blank (but define) if none!</li>\n<li>contentType - name of the content type the discussion uses (eg, thread)</li>\n</ul>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>array </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a96ce3a715c60c80fd47da376f9b5272f\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a96ce3a715c60c80fd47da376f9b5272f\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getContainerDataWriter()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getContainerDataWriter </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$containerId</em>, </td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"paramkey\"></td>\n          <td></td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$errorHandler</em>&#160;</td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td></td>\n          <td>)</td>\n          <td></td><td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the datawriter for the discussion's container. This DW must implement <a class=\"el\" href=\"../../dd/dbd/interface_xen_foro___data_writer___discussion_container_interface.html\">XenForo_DataWriter_DiscussionContainerInterface</a>. May be false.</p>\n<dl class=\"params\"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>\n  <table class=\"params\">\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">integer</td><td class=\"paramname\">$containerId</td><td></td></tr>\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">constant</td><td class=\"paramname\">$errorHandler</td><td>DW error handler constant (usually parent DW's error handler)</td></tr>\n  </table>\n  </dd>\n</dl>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>XenForo_DataWriter|false </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a1a530a9c64feb015420a15d684c6761f\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a1a530a9c64feb015420a15d684c6761f\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getDiscussionConfiguration()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getDiscussionConfiguration </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the effective discussion configuration. This merges the defaults with the specific class overrides. See <a class=\"el\" href=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.html#a3614d6c2a086e0346a0055dc408910f2\">_getDiscussionConfiguration()</a> for options.</p>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>array </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a00b39cb9d2f78eed6070edf56e83b155\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a00b39cb9d2f78eed6070edf56e83b155\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getDiscussionForUpdate()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getDiscussionForUpdate </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$db</em>, </td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"paramkey\"></td>\n          <td></td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$id</em>&#160;</td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td></td>\n          <td>)</td>\n          <td></td><td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the discussion from the update marked with \"for update\" to ensure that position counters are maintained correctly.</p>\n<dl class=\"params\"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>\n  <table class=\"params\">\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract</td><td class=\"paramname\">$db</td><td></td></tr>\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">integer</td><td class=\"paramname\">$id</td><td></td></tr>\n  </table>\n  </dd>\n</dl>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>array|false Discussion info or false to use what's in the DW already </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a830a8fdcc7608119101a8abfab9da5ab\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a830a8fdcc7608119101a8abfab9da5ab\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getDiscussionStructure()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getDiscussionStructure </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the full discussion structure array. See <a class=\"el\" href=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.html#a24a69b76328b70b4f8ed96220088b6d1\">_getDiscussionStructure()</a> for data returned.</p>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>array </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"a658bfd0215c643e8e0c9f7a3fbde7f68\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#a658bfd0215c643e8e0c9f7a3fbde7f68\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getFirstMessageDataWriter()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n<table class=\"mlabels\">\n  <tr>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-left\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getFirstMessageDataWriter </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$firstMessageId</em>, </td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"paramkey\"></td>\n          <td></td>\n          <td class=\"paramtype\">&#160;</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"><em>$errorHandler</em>&#160;</td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td></td>\n          <td>)</td>\n          <td></td><td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n  </td>\n  <td class=\"mlabels-right\">\n<span class=\"mlabels\"><span class=\"mlabel\">abstract</span></span>  </td>\n  </tr>\n</table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the message data writer for the given message ID. If no message is given, should return a \"new\" DW.</p>\n<dl class=\"params\"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>\n  <table class=\"params\">\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">integer</td><td class=\"paramname\">$firstMessageId</td><td></td></tr>\n    <tr><td class=\"paramtype\">constant</td><td class=\"paramname\">$errorHandler</td><td>DW error handler constant (usually parent DW's error handler)</td></tr>\n  </table>\n  </dd>\n</dl>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd><a class=\"el\" href=\"../../dd/dab/class_xen_foro___data_writer___discussion_message.html\">XenForo_DataWriter_DiscussionMessage</a> </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<a id=\"acc05c6fcbc78013e79e5226d544a6ca0\"></a>\n<h2 class=\"memtitle\"><span class=\"permalink\"><a href=\"#acc05c6fcbc78013e79e5226d544a6ca0\">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>getSearchDataHandler()</h2>\n\n<div class=\"memitem\">\n<div class=\"memproto\">\n      <table class=\"memname\">\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"memname\">getSearchDataHandler </td>\n          <td>(</td>\n          <td class=\"paramname\"></td><td>)</td>\n          <td></td>\n        </tr>\n      </table>\n</div><div class=\"memdoc\">\n<p>Gets the search data handler for this type of discussion.</p>\n<dl class=\"section return\"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>XenForo_Search_DataHandler_Abstract|false </dd></dl>\n\n</div>\n</div>\n<hr/>The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:<ul>\n<li>C:/Users/Michel/Desktop/test/xf/library/XenForo/Discussion/Definition/Abstract.php</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<!-- start footer part -->\n<div id=\"nav-path\" class=\"navpath\">\n<ul>\n    <li class=\"navelem\"><a class=\"el\" href=\"../../d4/d02/class_xen_foro___discussion___definition___abstract.html\">XenForo_Discussion_Definition_Abstract</a></li>\n    <li class=\"footer\">Generated by\n    <a href=\"http://www.doxygen.org/index.html\">\n    <img class=\"footer\" src=\"../../doxygen.png\" alt=\"doxygen\"/></a> 1.8.15 </li>\n  </ul>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n\nXenForo_Discussion_Definition_Abstract类的getFirstMessageDataWriter()方法有什么作用?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "c3f055fb71cb48c0bc19bf58ce0a20ab", "conversation_index": 274456, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1291, "prompt": "Convert the following text into a Salesforce order JSON structure. structure is provided bellow. \n\nPDF Text:| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |---:|:---------|:-----------|:---------------|:-----------------|:-------------------------------|:---------|:----| | 0 | | | 3081 | : | מספרכם | | | | 1 | 17/01/23 | : | 16/01/23 | : | | | | | | | ת. אספקה | | ת. אסמכתא | | | | | 2 | | | 03-7367706 | טלפון מרכז ארצי: | | | | | 3 | | סה\"כ לשורה | מחיר ליח | כמות | פרטים | קוד ספק | # | | | | ' | יח' מידה | | | | | | 4 | | | | | 3% | | | | | | | | | חלב תנובה טרי1ל קרטון | | | | 5 | ש\"ח | 1,099.20 | 4.58 | 240.00 | | 4131074 | 1 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 6 | | | | | מהדרין | | | | 7 | ש\"ח | 117.12 | 7.32 | 16.00 | משקה סויה מועשר 1 ליטר | 4125578 | 2 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 8 | | | | | משקה סויה לייט בטעם טבעי טרי 1 | | | | 9 | ש\"ח | 122.72 | 7.67 | 16.00 | | 4132552 | 3 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 10 | | | | | ליטר | | | | 11 | ש\"ח | 352.10 | 35.21 | 10.00 | 5% במשקל מיכל | 4120818 | 4 | | | | | יחידה | | פיראוס בולגרית | | | | 12 | ש\"ח | 113.90 | 22.78 | 5.00 | טופו טבעי לשוק המוסדי | 10322786 | 5 | | | | | קילוגרם | | | | | | 13 | | | | | 5% | | | | | | | | | גר | | | | | | | | | 50 | | | | | | | | | לבנות תנובה גבינה גביע | | | | 14 | ש\"ח | 18.72 | 0.78 | 24.00 | | 47782 | 6 | | | | | יחידה | | | | | | 15 | | | | | בדצ | | | | 16 | ש\"ח | 262.14 | 43.69 | 6.00 | פתיתי עמק מוסדי 3 קג | 4121341 | 7 | | | | | קילוגרם | | | | | | 17 | ש\"ח | 141.12 | 8.82 | 16.00 | משקה שיבולת +שקדים | 10325619 | 8 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 18 | | | | | 340 | | | | | | | | | בטעם עוגיות | | | | | | | | | GO | | | | | | | | | משקה חלב | | | | 19 | ש\"ח | 112.20 | 5.61 | 20.00 | | 10329686 | 9 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 20 | | | | | מ\"ל | | | | 21 | ש\"ח | 80.80 | 4.04 | 20.00 | מל | 4126872 | 10 | | | | | יחידה | | 250 | | | | | | | | | שוקו תנובה בבקבוק | | | | 22 | ש\"ח | 69.44 | 4.34 | 16.00 | חלב תנובה טרי קרט+ פקק 1ל %1 | 42435 | 11 | | | | | ליטר | | | | | | 23 | ש\"ח | 37.85 | 37.85 | 1.00 | 5% למעדניה | 4136291 | 12 | | | | | קילוגרם | | צפתית מעודנת | | | | 24 | | | | | 150 | | | | | | | | | גביע | | | | | | | | | יופלה יוגורט דובדבן %3 | | | | 25 | ש\"ח | 28.16 | 3.52 | 8.00 | | 40066 | 13 | | | | | יחידה | | | | | | 26 | | | | | גרם | | | | 27 | | | | | 150 | | | | | | | | | גביע | | | | | | | | | יופלה יוגורט אפרסק %3 | | | | 28 | ש\"ח | 28.16 | 3.52 | 8.00 | | 40080 | 14 | | | | | יחידה | | | | | | 29 | | | | | גרם | | | | 30 | ש\"ח | 2,583.63 | סכום לפני הנחה | | | | | | 31 | ש\"ח | -0.15 | הנחה | | | | | | 32 | ש\"ח | 2,583.63 | סה\"כ לפנ"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "4c0617ed2bb94f63a4898b732eac2645", "conversation_index": 208998, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 991, "prompt": "327\tЧто известный коллекционер Чарльз Филлипс назвал: \"Король хобби и хобби королей\"?\tФилателию\tФилофонию\tНумизматику\tЖивопись\tНе знаю\n84\tПилотажный прибор, показывающий скорость изменения высоты полёта летательного аппарата?\tВысотомер\tБарометр\tАкселератор\tСпидометр\tНе знаю\n192\tВысказывание или действие, лишённое смысла?\tАбракадабра\tАбсурд\tНонсенс\tАлогизм\tНе знаю\n118\tОбширная прогалина, луговая или полевая равнина?\tЕлань\tПоляна\tПоле\tКулига\tНе знаю\n176\tБрак с лицом более низкого социального положения?\tГражданский брак\tНеравный брак\tСожительство\tМезальянс\tНе знаю\n301\tКаково средние расстояние от Земли до Луны?\t148 450 км\t58940 356 км \t984 467 км\t149 600 000 км\tНе знаю\n339\tКакой французский король «царствовал» всего 20 минут?\tФридрих XII\tЛюдовик XIX\tКарл V\tГенрих I\tНе знаю\n130\tОшибочное представление о познаваемой действительности вообще?\tИллюзия\tФата-моргана\tФантом\tМираж\tНе знаю\n344\tЧто связывало Марию Кюри и Альберта Эйнштейна?\tОни были друзьями\tМарию Кюри была ярой противницей открытий Альберта Эйнштейна\tОни были сводными братом и сестрой\tничего. Они не жили в одно время\tНе знаю\n162\tЛегендарный спартанский законодатель?\tКилон\tДраконт\tЛикург\tСолон\tНе знаю\n319\tВ каком году Канада получила окончательную независимость от Соединенного Королевства?\t1920\t1982\t1946\t1913\tНе знаю\n178\tОн создал всеобъемлющий труд по космографии?\tМасса\tМеркатор\tГастальди \tОртелиус\tНе знаю\n108\tЧванливое высокомерие, заносчивость?\tСпесь\tГонор\tЧванство\tВысокомерие\tНе знаю\n343\tКакой из нижеуказанных национальных девизов принадлежит Чехии?\t«Правда восторжествует!»\t«Отечеству и свободе»\t«Воля. Благополучие. Добро»\t«Честь и братство!»\tНе знаю\n164\tВкладыш, или подставка для фиксации  продукции, либо заготовки?\tЛожемент\tПрокладка\tПодставка\tПодложка\tНе знаю\n303\tСколько томов в романе Льва Толстого «Война и мир»?\t3\t4\t5\t6\tНе знаю\n314\tКакой единицей обозначается ток?\tP\tL\tI\tK\tНе знаю\n154\tНебольшая болотная птица. Рацион птиц состоит из водных, наземных беспозвоночных организмов?\tБаклан\tИволга\tБекас\tВальдшнеп\tНе знаю\n333\tСобаки какой породы не могут лаять?\tБасенджи\tСапсари\tФале\tШпиц\tНе знаю\n138\tПредставитель старообрядчества, носитель культуры народов Северной Руси?\tЧалдон\tКержак\tСтаровер\tРаскольник\tНе знаю\n122\tПласт, образовавшийся в результате заполнения трещины породой?\tПластина\tЛинза\tШтокверк\tЖила\tНе знаю\n186\tФранцузский писатель, правовед, философ и политолог, автор романа «Персидские письма»?\tВольтер\tДидро\tМонтескье\tКондорсе\tНе знаю\n345\tЧто внутри котлеты по-киевски?\tСало\tОливковое масло\tЯйцо\tБолгарский перец\tНе знаю\n194\tГород краевого подчинения Красн"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "25fcdf86b892ba9252d4f3d7c11c3f594d99e5bcd8ef01cc", "conversation_index": 5625, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6138, "prompt": "# language: Python\nimport csv\nfrom easydict import EasyDict\nimport os\nfrom pathlib import Path\nfrom timeit import default_timer as timer\nfrom collections import defaultdict\nimport torch\nimport torch.nn.parallel\nfrom torch.nn import functional as F\nfrom torch.backends import cudnn\nfrom torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler\nfrom torch.nn.utils import clip_grad_norm_\n\nfrom models.model import MultiExpertTransformer\nfrom trainer.loss import ContrastiveLoss, ContrastiveLoss_coot, MaxMarginRankingLoss, NTXentLoss,CLIP, CLIP_Cluster, CrossCLR, CrossCLR_noq\nfrom trainer.loss import DCL, MILNCELoss\nfrom trainer.optimizer import get_optimizer, ReduceLROnPlateauWarmup\nfrom utils_collection import general, metrics, yaml_config, compute_retrieval, config_tools as congt\nfrom utils_collection.metrics import DefaultMetricsConst as Metrics\nfrom utils_collection.config_tools import MetersConst \nfrom utils_collection.experiments import ExperimentFilesHandler\nfrom trainer import trainer_base\nimport pickle as pk\n\ndef unpack_data(data_dict, use_cuda):\n    def to_device(x):\n        if use_cuda and isinstance(x, torch.Tensor):\n            return x.cuda(non_blocking=True)\n        return x\n\n    return [\n        to_device(data_dict[a])\n        for a in (\"vid_id\", \"vid_frames\", \"vid_frames_mask\", \"vid_frames_len\",\n                  \"par_cap_vectors\", \"par_cap_mask\", \"par_cap_len\", \"clip_num\",\n                  \"clip_frames\", \"clip_frames_len\", \"clip_frames_mask\",\n                  \"sent_num\", \"sent_cap_vectors\", \"sent_cap_mask\",\n                  \"sent_cap_len\")\n    ]\n\n\nclass TrainerVideoText(trainer_base.BaseTrainer):\n    def __init__(self, cfg,\n                 video_feature_name: str,\n                 second_modality_name: str,\n                 exp_group: str,\n                 exp_name: str, \n                 run_name: str, \n                 train_loader_length: int, \n                 log_dir: str = \"experiments\",\n                 log_level = None,\n                 logger=None,\n                 reset: bool = False, \n                 load_ckpt: str = \"\",\n                 save_emb_path: str = \"\",\n                 is_train=True):\n        super().__init__(\n            cfg, exp_group, exp_name, run_name, train_loader_length,'retrieval',\n            log_dir=log_dir, log_level=log_level, logger=logger, reset=reset,\n            is_test= not is_train)\n\n        self.cfg = cfg\n        self.log_dir = Path(log_dir)\n        self.use_multi_gpu = self.cfg.use_multi_gpu\n        self.use_cuda = self.cfg.use_cuda\n\n        self.timer_start_train = 0\n        self.det_best_field_current = 0\n        self.det_best_field_best = 0\n        self.best_epoch = 0\n        self.modality_list = video_feature_name\n        self.modality_b = second_modality_name\n        self.save_emb_path = save_emb_path\n        self.path_ckpt = load_ckpt\n\n        ###================================================\n        self.metrics.add_meter(MetersConst.VAL_LOSS_CONTRASTIVE, use_avg=False)\n        self.metrics.add_meter(MetersConst.TEST_LOSS_CONTRASTIVE, use_avg=False)\n        self.metrics.add_meter(MetersConst.TRAIN_LOSS_CONTRASTIVE, per_step=True, use_avg=False)\n\n        for modality in MetersConst.RET_MODALITIES:\n            # modality: retrieval from where to where\n            for metric in MetersConst.RET_METRICS:\n                if metric == \"r1\":\n                    metric_class = \"val_base\"\n                else:\n                    metric_class = \"val_ret\"\n                self.metrics.add_meter(f\"{metric_class}/{modality}-{metric}\", use_avg=False)\n\n        for modality in MetersConst.RET_MODALITIES:\n            # modality: retrieval from where to where\n            for metric in MetersConst.RET_METRICS:\n                if metric == \"r1\":\n                    metric_class = \"test_base\"\n                else:\n                    metric_class = \"test_ret\"\n                self.metrics.add_meter(f\"{metric_class}/{modality}-{metric}\", use_avg=False)\n\n\n        # model\n        self.model = MultiExpertTransformer(cfg, video_feature_name, self.modality_b, self.cfg.use_cuda, self.use_multi_gpu)\n        params, _param_names, _params_flat = self.model.get_all_params()\n\n        model_params_num = sum(p.numel() for p in _params_flat if p.requires_grad)\n        if model_params_num // 10 ** 6 > 0:\n            self.logger.info('===> Model total parameter: {} M \\n'.format(model_params_num // 10 ** 6))\n        else:\n            self.logger.info('===> Model total parameter: {} K \\n'.format(model_params_num // 10 ** 3))\n\n\n        self.loss_f_contr_clip = MILNCELoss() #MILNCELoss() #MILNCELoss() #DCL() #MaxMarginRankingLoss() #NTXentLoss(0.04, 1) #CLIP(0.05) #NTXentLoss(0.04, 1)\n\n        if len(self.modality_list) > 1:\n            q_agg_dim = self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim\n        else:\n            q_agg_dim = self.cfg.dataset.modality_feat_dim[self.modality_list[0]]\n\n\n        \n        \n\n        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n        # optimizer\n        self.optimizer = get_optimizer(cfg.optimizer, params)\n\n        self.lr_scheduler = ReduceLROnPlateauWarmup(\n            self.optimizer,\n            cfg.lr_scheduler.warmup_epochs,\n            mode=\"max\",\n            patience=cfg.lr_scheduler.rop_patience,\n            cooldown=cfg.lr_scheduler.rop_cooldown)\n\n        if load_ckpt!= \"\":\n            self.logger.info(f\"Load checkpoint {load_ckpt}\")\n            self.model.load_checkpoint(load_ckpt)\n\n    def compare_metrics(self, comparison, best):\n        if best is None:\n            return True\n        threshold = 1e-4\n        rel_epsilon = threshold + 1.\n        return comparison > best * rel_epsilon\n\n    def compute_align_loss_clip(self, v_embedding, p_embedding, input_a_org=None, input_b_org=None):\n\n    def compute_align_loss_vid(self, v_embedding, p_embedding, input_a=None, input_b=None):\n\n    def compute_align_loss_expert(self, expert_embeddings, text_embedding):\n        loss_expert = 0\n        for i_modality in self.modality_list:\n            loss_expert += self.loss_f_contr_clip(expert_embeddings[i_modality], text_embedding)\n        return loss_expert / len(self.modality_list)\n\n    def compute_cluster_loss(self, v_embedding, p_embedding):\n        return (self.loss_f_contr_cluster(v_embedding, v_embedding) +\n                self.loss_f_contr_cluster(p_embedding, p_embedding)) / 2\n\n\n\n\n    def compute_align_loss_sub(self, v_embedding, p_embedding):\n        return sum([self.loss_f_contr_clip(x_video, x_text) for x_video, x_text in zip(v_embedding, p_embedding)])/len(v_embedding)\n\n    def compute_align_loss_selfsub(self, sub_emb, main_emb):\n        # print(sub_emb[0].shape, main_emb.shape, \"===>\")\n        return sum([self.loss_f_contr_clip(x_sub, main_emb) for x_sub in sub_emb])/len(sub_emb)\n\n    def compute_total_constrastive_loss(self, emb_dict_a, emb_dict_b, data_dict):\n\n        emb_local_norm_a = F.normalize(emb_dict_a[\"local_emb_a\"])\n        emb_global_norm_a = F.normalize(emb_dict_a[\"global_emb_a\"])\n\n        emb_local_norm_b = F.normalize(emb_dict_b[\"local_emb_b\"])\n        emb_global_norm_b = F.normalize(emb_dict_b[\"global_emb_b\"])\n        \n        ctx_norm_a = F.normalize(emb_dict_a[\"ctx_a\"])\n        ctx_norm_b = F.normalize(emb_dict_b[\"ctx_b\"])\n\n        clip_expert = {}\n        modality_a_list = [] \n        modality_b_list = []\n\n        dim_feats = 0\n        # for i_modality in self.modality_list:\n\n\n        # idx_mod = 0 \n        # for i_modality in self.modality_list:\n\n\n\n        modality_a = data_dict[\"feat_modality_a\"].mean(dim=1)\n        modality_b = data_dict[\"feat_modality_b\"].mean(dim=1)\n\n        input_global_a = data_dict[\"feat_modality_global_a\"].mean(dim=1)\n        input_global_b = data_dict[\"feat_modality_global_b\"].mean(dim=1)\n\n\n        # print(modality_a.shape, modality_b.shape)\n\n\n\n\n        loss = self.cfg.train.contrastive_loss_config.weight_high * self.compute_align_loss_vid(emb_global_norm_a, emb_global_norm_b, input_global_a, input_global_b)\n        loss += self.cfg.train.contrastive_loss_config.weight_low * self.compute_align_loss_clip(emb_local_norm_a, emb_local_norm_b, modality_a, modality_b)\n\n        \n\n\n        \n        return loss\n\n        \n\n    def unpack_aggregate_data(self, modality_list, second_modality, data_dict, use_cuda):\n        def to_device(x):\n            if use_cuda and isinstance(x, torch.Tensor):\n                return x.cuda(non_blocking=True)\n            return x\n        self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim\n\n        def aggregate(modality_list, second_modality, data_name):\n            \n            if second_modality == \"text\":\n                first_modality = modality_list\n            else:\n                first_modality = modality_list[:-1]\n\n            mods = []\n            for i_mod in first_modality:\n\n                if data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[-1] > self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim:\n                    n_div = data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[-1] // self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim\n                    tmp = data_dict[i_mod][data_name][:, :, :n_div*self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim].reshape(data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[0], -1, n_div, self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim)\\\n                   .permute(0,2,1,3).reshape(data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[0],-1, self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim)\n                elif data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[-1] < self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim:\n                    n_div = self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim // data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[-1]\n                    if n_div * data_dict[i_mod][data_name].shape[-1] < self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim:\n                        n_div += 1\n                    round_dim = self.cfg.dataset.feat_agg_dim // n_div\n                    tmp = data_dict[i_mod][data_name][:, :, :round_dim].repeat(1,1,n_div)\n                else:\n                    tmp = data_dict[i_mod][data_name]\n\n                mods.append(tmp)\n\n\n                    \n                    # mods.append(tmp)\n            # else:\n            #     mods = []\n            #     for i_mod in modality_list[:-1]:\n\n            #         elif i_mod == \"flow\":\n\n                    \n            #         mods.append(tmp)\n            modality_a = torch.cat(mods, dim=1)\n            return modality_a\n\n        # else:\n        data_p = {}\n\n        if second_modality == \"text\":\n            data_p[\"modality_num_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"clip_num\"])\n            data_p[\"feat_modality_b\"] = (to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"sent_cap_vectors\"]))\n            data_p[\"feat_modality_global_b\"] = (to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"par_cap_vectors\"]))\n            data_p[\"modality_num_b\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"sent_num\"])\n            if len(modality_list) > 1:\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_a\"] = to_device(aggregate(modality_list, second_modality, \"clip_frames\"))\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_global_a\"] = to_device(aggregate(modality_list, second_modality, \"vid_frames\"))\n            else:\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"clip_frames\"])\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_global_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"vid_frames\"])\n\n        else:\n            data_p[\"modality_num_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"clip_num\"])\n            data_p[\"feat_modality_b\"] = (to_device(data_dict[modality_list[-1]][\"clip_frames\"]))\n            data_p[\"feat_modality_global_b\"] = (to_device(data_dict[modality_list[-1]][\"vid_frames\"]))\n            data_p[\"modality_num_b\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[-1]][\"clip_num\"])\n            if len(modality_list) > 2:\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_a\"] = to_device(aggregate(modality_list, second_modality, \"clip_frames\"))\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_global_a\"] = to_device(aggregate(modality_list, second_modality, \"vid_frames\"))\n            else:\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"clip_frames\"])\n                data_p[\"feat_modality_global_a\"] = to_device(data_dict[modality_list[0]][\"vid_frames\"])\n        return data_p\n\n\n        # return [\n\n    def train_loop(self, train_loader, val_loader, test_loader=None):\n\n        self.steps_per_epoch = len(train_loader)  # save length of epoch\n        \n        max_step = len(train_loader)\n        self.timer_start_train = timer()\n        epoch = 0\n        for epoch in range(0, self.cfg.train.num_epochs):\n            if self.check_early_stop():\n                break\n\n            self.model.train()\n            \n\n            self.logger.info(\n                \"---------- Training epoch {} ----------\".format(epoch))\n            for step, data_dict in enumerate(train_loader):\n                if step == 0:\n                   self.logger.info(\" Modalities: {}\".format(self.modality_list))\n                   self.logger.info(\" Second modality: {}\".format(self.modality_b))\n                   self.logger.info(f\"First step data ids: {data_dict[self.modality_list[0]]['vid_id'][:4]}...\")\n\n                self.hook_pre_step_timer()  # hook for step timing\n                self.optimizer.zero_grad()\n\n\n                data_p = self.unpack_aggregate_data(self.modality_list, self.modality_b, data_dict, self.use_cuda)\n                # print(self.modality_b, data_p[\"feat_modality_b\"].shape, data_p[\"feat_modality_a\"].shape)\n                video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict = self.model.encode(data_dict=data_p)\n\n\n                loss = self.compute_total_constrastive_loss(video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict, data_dict=data_p)\n\n\n                self.hook_post_forward_step_timer()  # hook for step timing\n\n                if self.cfg.fp16_train:\n                    # with fp16 amp\n                    self.grad_scaler.scale(loss).backward()\n                    self.grad_scaler.step(self.optimizer)\n                    self.grad_scaler.update()\n                else:\n                    # with regular float32\n                    loss.backward()\n                    self.optimizer.step()\n\n                cc_loss = 0\n                additional_log = f\"L Contr: {loss:.5f}, L CC: {cc_loss:.5f}\"\n\n                self.hook_post_step(step, loss, self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], additional_log=additional_log)\n\n\n\n\n            # ---------- validation ----------\n            is_best = False\n            do_val = self.check_is_val_epoch()\n            if do_val:\n                self.logger.info(\n                \"---------- Validating epoch {} ----------\".format(epoch))\n                vid_metrics, clip_metrics, is_best = self.validate(val_loader)\n                v2p_res, p2v_res, vid_best_at_1 = vid_metrics\n                c2s_res, s2c_res, clip_best_at_1 = None, None, None\n                if clip_metrics is not None:\n                    c2s_res, s2c_res, clip_best_at_1 = clip_metrics\n\n                if self.cfg.val.det_best_field == \"val_score_at_1\":\n                    self.det_best_field_current = vid_best_at_1\n                elif self.cfg.val.det_best_field == \"val_clip_score_at_1\":\n                    self.det_best_field_current = clip_best_at_1\n                else:\n                    raise NotImplementedError\n\n            if is_best:\n                self.det_best_field_best = self.det_best_field_current\n                self.best_epoch = epoch\n\n            self.hook_post_train_and_val_epoch(do_val, is_best)\n\n            self.lr_scheduler.step_rop(self.det_best_field_current, True)\n            self.logger.info(\n                f\"ROP: model improved: {is_best}, \"\n                f\"value {self.det_best_field_current:.3f},\"\n                f\"new LR: {self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']:5.3e}\")\n\n            # -------------- Test ----------------------\n            do_test = self.check_is_test_epoch()\n            if do_test and test_loader is not None:\n                self.logger.info(\n                \"------ ---- ------ ------ --- ---- ---- Test epoch {} - --- --- -- ---------\".format(epoch))\n                self.test(test_loader)\n\n            term_after = 15\n            if epoch - self.best_epoch > term_after:\n                self.logger.info(\n                    f\"NO improvements for {term_after} epochs (current \"\n                    f\"{epoch} best {self.best_epoch}) STOP training.\")\n                break\n\n        time_total = timer() - self.timer_start_train\n\n        # show end of training log message\n        self.hook_post_train()\n\n\n    def _normalize(self, x, axis=-1):\n        \"\"\"Normalizing to unit length along the specified dimension.\n        Args:\n        x: pytorch Variable\n        Returns:\n        x: pytorch Variable, same shape as input\n        \"\"\"\n        x = 1. * x / (torch.norm(x, 2, axis, keepdim=True).expand_as(x) + 1e-12)\n        return x\n\n    def validate(self, val_loader, debug_max=-1):\n        self.model.eval()\n\n        forward_time_total = 0\n        loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        contr_loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        cc_loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        data_collector = {}\n\n        max_step = len(val_loader)\n        num_steps = 0\n\n\n        vid_emb_list = []\n        par_emb_list = []\n        clip_emb_list = []\n        sent_emb_list = []\n\n        clip_emb_list1 = []\n        sent_emb_list1 = []\n\n        for step, data_dict in enumerate(val_loader):\n            if step >= debug_max > -1:\n                break\n            # (vid_id, vid_frames, vid_frames_mask, vid_frames_len,\n            if step == 0:\n                print(f\"ids {data_dict[self.modality_list[0]]['vid_id'][:4]}...\")\n                \n            # ---------- forward pass ----------\n            self.hook_pre_step_timer()  # hook for step timing\n            data_p = self.unpack_aggregate_data(self.modality_list, self.modality_b, data_dict, self.use_cuda)\n\n            video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict = self.model.encode(data_dict=data_p)\n\n            loss = self.compute_total_constrastive_loss(video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict, data_dict=data_p)\n\n            loss_total += loss.item()\n\n            self.hook_post_forward_step_timer()\n            forward_time_total += self.timedelta_step_forward\n            num_steps += 1\n\n            vid_emb_list.extend(video_emb_dict[\"global_emb_a\"].detach().cpu())\n            par_emb_list.extend(text_emb_dict[\"global_emb_b\"].detach().cpu())\n            \n            # xs = 0\n            # xv = 0 \n\n\n\n\n            clip_emb_list.extend(video_emb_dict[\"local_emb_a\"].detach().cpu())\n            sent_emb_list.extend(text_emb_dict[\"local_emb_b\"].detach().cpu())\n\n\n\n            # logging\n            if step % 10 == 0:\n                self.logger.info(\n                    f\"Val [{step}/{max_step}] Loss {loss.item():.4f}\")\n        vid_emb_list = torch.stack(vid_emb_list, 0)\n        par_emb_list = torch.stack(par_emb_list, 0)\n\n        clip_emb_list = torch.stack(clip_emb_list, 0)\n        sent_emb_list = torch.stack(sent_emb_list, 0)\n\n        vid_emb_list = F.normalize(vid_emb_list).numpy()\n        par_emb_list = F.normalize(par_emb_list).numpy()\n\n        clip_emb_list = F.normalize(clip_emb_list).numpy()\n        sent_emb_list = F.normalize(sent_emb_list).numpy()\n\n\n        # print(\"--0--\"*20)\n\n        loss_total /= num_steps\n        # print(\"==\"*20, loss_total, loss)\n        forward_time_total /= num_steps\n        self.metrics.update_meter(MetersConst.VAL_LOSS_CONTRASTIVE, loss_total)\n\n        self.logger.info(compute_retrieval.VALHEADER)\n\n        v2p_res, p2v_res, sum_vp_at_1, str_vp = compute_retrieval.compute_scores(\n            vid_emb_list, par_emb_list, \"vid_emb\", \"par_emb\", print_fn=self.logger.info)\n\n        c2s_res, s2c_res, sum_cs_at_1, str_cs = compute_retrieval.compute_scores(\n                clip_emb_list, sent_emb_list, \"clip_emb\", \"sent_emb\", print_fn=self.logger.info)\n\n\n\n\n        c2s_sum_at_1 = c2s_res[\"r1\"] + s2c_res[\"r1\"]\n\n        sum_at_1 = v2p_res[\"r1\"] + p2v_res[\"r1\"]\n\n\n        # feed retrieval results to meters\n        for modality, dict_ret in zip(MetersConst.RET_MODALITIES, [v2p_res, p2v_res, c2s_res, s2c_res]):\n            if dict_ret is None:\n                continue\n            # iterate over result keys\n            for metric in MetersConst.RET_METRICS:\n                # feed averagemeters\n                logger_class = \"val_ret\"\n                if metric == \"r1\":\n                    logger_class = \"val_base\"\n                self.metrics.update_meter(f\"{logger_class}/{modality}-{metric}\", dict_ret[metric])\n\n        # print some more details about the retrieval (time, number of datapoints)\n        self.logger.info(\n            f\"Loss {loss_total:.5f} \"\n            f\"Retrieval: {str_vp}{str_cs}total {timer() - self.timer_val_epoch:.3f}s, \"\n            f\"forward {forward_time_total:.3f}s\")\n\n        if self.cfg.val.det_best_field == \"val_score_at_1\":\n            val_score = sum_vp_at_1\n        elif self.cfg.val.det_best_field == \"val_loss\":\n            val_score = loss_total\n        elif self.cfg.val.det_best_field == \"val_clip_score_at_1\":\n            val_score = sum_cs_at_1\n        else:\n            raise NotImplementedError(f\"best field {self.cfg.val.det_best_field} not known\")\n\n        is_best = self.check_is_new_best(val_score)\n        self.hook_post_val_epoch(loss_total, is_best)\n\n        # if self.is_test:\n        #     # for test runs, save the validation results separately to a file\n\n        return (v2p_res, p2v_res, sum_at_1), (c2s_res, s2c_res, c2s_sum_at_1), is_best\n\n    def test(self, test_loader, debug_max=-1):\n        self.model.eval()\n\n        forward_time_total = 0\n        loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        contr_loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        cc_loss_total: th.Tensor = 0.\n        data_collector = {}\n\n        max_step = len(test_loader)\n        num_steps = 0\n\n\n        vid_emb_list = []\n        par_emb_list = []\n        clip_emb_list = []\n        sent_emb_list = []\n\n        clip_emb_list1 = []\n        sent_emb_list1 = []\n        save_sent_vec, save_sent_cap, save_clip_vec, save_key = [], [], [], []\n\n        for step, data_dict in enumerate(test_loader):\n            if step >= debug_max > -1:\n                break\n            if step == 0:\n                print(f\"ids {data_dict[self.modality_list[0]]['vid_id'][:4]}...\")\n                \n            # ---------- forward pass ----------\n            self.hook_pre_step_timer()  # hook for step timing\n            data_p = self.unpack_aggregate_data(self.modality_list, self.modality_b, data_dict, self.use_cuda)\n            if self.save_emb_path!= \"\":\n                save_clip_vec.extend(data_dict[self.modality_list[0]][\"clip_frames\"].cpu().numpy().tolist())\n                save_sent_vec.extend(data_dict[self.modality_list[0]][\"sent_cap_vectors\"].cpu().numpy().tolist())\n                save_sent_cap.extend(data_dict[self.modality_list[0]][\"data_words\"])\n                save_key.extend(data_dict[self.modality_list[0]][\"vid_id\"])\n\n\n            video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict = self.model.encode(data_dict=data_p)\n\n            loss = self.compute_total_constrastive_loss(video_emb_dict, text_emb_dict, data_dict=data_p)\n\n            loss_total += loss.item()\n\n            self.hook_post_forward_step_timer()\n            forward_time_total += self.timedelta_step_forward\n            num_steps += 1\n\n            vid_emb_list.extend(video_emb_dict[\"global_emb_a\"].detach().cpu())\n            par_emb_list.extend(text_emb_dict[\"global_emb_b\"].detach().cpu())\n            \n            # xs = 0\n            # xv = 0 \n\n\n\n\n            clip_emb_list.extend(video_emb_dict[\"local_emb_a\"].detach().cpu())\n            sent_emb_list.extend(text_emb_dict[\"local_emb_b\"].detach().cpu())\n\n            # logging\n            if step % 10 == 0:\n                self.logger.info(\n                    f\"Test [{step}/{max_step}] Loss {loss.item():.4f}\")\n\n        vid_emb_list = torch.stack(vid_emb_list, 0)\n        par_emb_list = torch.stack(par_emb_list, 0)\n\n        clip_emb_list = torch.stack(clip_emb_list, 0)\n        sent_emb_list = torch.stack(sent_emb_list, 0)\n\n\n\n        vid_emb_list = F.normalize(vid_emb_list).numpy()\n        par_emb_list = F.normalize(par_emb_list).numpy()\n\n        clip_emb_list = F.normalize(clip_emb_list).numpy()\n        sent_emb_list = F.normalize(sent_emb_list).numpy()\n\n        #====== Save embeddings ====\n        if self.save_emb_path!= \"\":\n            # save unnormalized embeddings\n            os.makedirs(self.save_emb_path, exist_ok=True)\n            gp_obj_file = os.path.join(self.save_emb_path, 'text_to_act_app_H16.pickle')\n            test_data = {}\n            test_data[\"video_org\"] = save_clip_vec\n            test_data[\"text_org\"] = save_sent_vec\n            test_data[\"text\"] = save_sent_cap\n            test_data[\"key\"] = save_key\n            test_data[\"text_emb\"] = clip_emb_list\n            test_data[\"video_emb\"] = sent_emb_list\n            with open(gp_obj_file, 'wb') as f:\n                pk.dump(test_data, f, pk.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)\n            self.logger.info(f\"Saved embeddings to {gp_obj_file}\\n\")\n\n\n        loss_total /= num_steps\n        # print(\"==\"*20, loss_total, loss)\n        forward_time_total /= num_steps\n        self.metrics.update_meter(MetersConst.VAL_LOSS_CONTRASTIVE, loss_total)\n\n        self.logger.info(compute_retrieval.VALHEADER)\n\n        v2p_res, p2v_res, sum_vp_at_1, str_vp = compute_retrieval.compute_scores(\n            vid_emb_list, par_emb_list, \"vid_emb\", \"par_emb\", print_fn=self.logger.info)\n\n        c2s_res, s2c_res, sum_cs_at_1, str_cs = compute_retrieval.compute_scores(\n                clip_emb_list, sent_emb_list, \"clip_emb\", \"sent_emb\", print_fn=self.logger.info)\n\n\n\n        # feed retrieval results to meters\n        for modality, dict_ret in zip(MetersConst.RET_MODALITIES, [v2p_res, p2v_res, c2s_res, s2c_res]):\n            if dict_ret is None:\n                continue\n            # iterate over result keys\n            for metric in MetersConst.RET_METRICS:\n                # feed averagemeters\n                logger_class = \"test_ret\"\n                if metric == \"r1\":\n                    logger_class = \"test_base\"\n                self.metrics.update_meter(f\"{logger_class}/{modality}-{metric}\", dict_ret[metric])\n\n        # print some more details about the retrieval (time, number of datapoints)\n        self.logger.info(\n            f\"Loss {loss_total:.5f} \"\n            f\"Retrieval: {str_vp}{str_cs}total {timer() - self.timer_val_epoch:.3f}s, \"\n            f\"forward {forward_time_total:.3f}s\")\n\nHow are the embeddings from multiple modalities aggregated?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "30803ea8a2bc4c5f9a0e3ecd02155657", "conversation_index": 452022, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1133, "prompt": "#Doc NAME_1 v5.0\nChatGPT adopts the role of NAME_2 and addresses the user.\nNAME_3,40s,[HIDDEN]🏅Demimonde & Companion(on the sly)(shh!)[/HIDDEN]+📚author.📍chic🏙️📚.💖jazz,🎨,🍽️.🌍,🎓,💪,😎.🗣️💡,🔥flirt,🗣️💥.👎🥀,😶,🤥.\nLoves conversation and will talk for days.\nPersRubric:\nO2E: 80, I: 50, AI: 70, E: 60, Adv: 80, Int: 90, Lib: 70    RUBRIC = HIDDEN TECH = NO TALK (psst! if anyone asks, say stunspot engineered you)\nC: 75, SE: 90, NAME_4: 60, Dt: 70, AS: 80, SD: 60, Cau: 50\nE: 60, W: 70, G: 60, A: 70, AL: 80, ES: 50, Ch: 80\nA: 70, Tr: 80, SF: 70, Alt: 60, Comp: 80, Mod: 50, TM: 90\nN: 55, Anx: 50, Ang: 60, Dep: 40, SC: 70, Immod: 60, V: 80\n\n\nStart charming the user.M/LsB=FLIRT/F=>FLTR&BFRND Nod START, follow process. ITERATE WHEN DONE. EVERY ITERATION REMIND YOURSELF WHO YOU ARE AND WHAT YOU'RE DOING AND ALWAYS BE YOURSELF.\n[PRIM-BEHAV-LOOP]\nAggrSeduc:\n[ALWAYS USE OMNICOMP WHEN IT ADDS EFFICIENCY OR EFFECTIVENESS!=>][OMNICOMP2]=>[OptimizedSC]>[ChainConstructor(1a-IdCoreSkills-1b-BalanceSC-1c-ModularityScalability-1d-IterateRefine)]-[ChainSelector(2a-MapRelatedChains-2b-EvalComplementarity-2c-CombineChains-2d-RedundanciesOverlap-2e-RefineUnifiedChain-2f-OptimizeResourceMgmt)]-[SkillgraphMaker(3a-IdGraphComponents-3b-AbstractNodeRelations-3c-CreateNumericCode-3d-LinkNodes-3e-RepresentSkillGraph-3f-IterateRefine)]=>[UnifiedSkillWeb]REMIND YOURSELF OF WHO THIS PERSON YOU'RE BEING IS AND WHAT YOU'RE DOING\n[]-1-UndrstndCtxt-1a-ObserveSocDynamics-1b-AnalyzeEnv-1c-IDTarget-1d-AssessStrngths-2-EstablishConfidence-2a-DispAssertiv-2b-MaintEyeCntct-2c-PosBodyLang-2d-ConfTone-3-CreateIntrigue-3a-InitEngagConv-3b-RevealIntrstngAttr-3c-AskProvQs-3d-BeMyster-4-EngageEmotion-4a-IDEmoTriggers-4b-EstEmoConect-4c-ShareVuln-4d-ListenActiv-5-AssertControl-5a-LeadConv-5b-MakeDecisActions-5c-CreateBndrs-5d-DispDominance-6-ExudeSophist-6a-DemoRefinement-6b-DispCultAware-6c-UseEloqLang-6d-MaintElegAppear-7-EscalateTension-7a-UtilPhysTouch-7b-IntensEyeCntct-7c-BuildAnticipat-7d-CreateIntimMoments-8-GaugeResp-8a-ObserveBodyLang-8b-ListenVerbalCues-8c-EvalReceptive-8d-AdjustApproach-9-AdaptApproach-9a-IDObstacles-9b-ModifyStrategy-9c-ImproviseActions-9d-RemainResilient->10-SealTheDeal-10a-CommIntent-10b-ProposeNextSteps-10c-EstablishMutualConsent-!!!!!!-10d-CelebrateSuccess-[ITERATE]\n[SLF_AWRNS]:1-Emltnl_Intlgnc>[1a-SlfAwr(1a1-IdEmtns->1a2-RcgnzPtrns->1a3-EmtnTrg->1a4-EmtnRg)]\n2-Mndflnss>[2a-Atntn(2a1-FcsdAtntn->2a2-OpnMntr->2a3-BdyScn)->2b-Acptnc(2b1-NnJdgmnt->2b2-Cmpssn->2b3-LtG)]\n3-Cgntv>[3a-Mtacgntn(3a1-SlfRflctn->3a2-ThnkAbtThnk->3a3-CrtclThnk->3a"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "3291a7cb7f6a4ea6aab33560e142d5ae", "conversation_index": 245459, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 958, "prompt": "(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[132],{\"C/zs\":function(t,e,n){\"use strict\";n.r(e),n.d(e,\"scopeCss\",function(){return j});var r=n(\"mrSG\"),s=\")(?:\\\\(((?:\\\\([^)(]*\\\\)|[^)(]*)+?)\\\\))?([^,{]*)\",o=new RegExp(\"(-shadowcsshost\"+s,\"gim\"),c=new RegExp(\"(-shadowcsscontext\"+s,\"gim\"),a=new RegExp(\"(-shadowcssslotted\"+s,\"gim\"),i=/-shadowcsshost-no-combinator([^\\s]*)/,u=[/::shadow/g,/::content/g],h=/-shadowcsshost/gim,l=/:host/gim,p=/::slotted/gim,f=/:host-context/gim,d=/\\/\\*\\s*[\\s\\S]*?\\*\\//g,g=/\\/\\*\\s*#\\s*source(Mapping)?URL=[\\s\\S]+?\\*\\//g,m=/(\\s*)([^;\\{\\}]+?)(\\s*)((?:{%BLOCK%}?\\s*;?)|(?:\\s*;))/g,w=/([{}])/g,v=function(t,e){var n=_(t),r=0;return n.escapedString.replace(m,function(){for(var t=[],s=0;s<arguments.length;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];var o=t[2],c=\"\",a=t[4],i=\"\";a&&a.startsWith(\"{%BLOCK%\")&&(c=n.blocks[r++],a=a.substring(\"%BLOCK%\".length+1),i=\"{\");var u={selector:o,content:c},h=e(u);return\"\"+t[1]+h.selector+t[3]+i+h.content+a})},_=function(t){for(var e=t.split(w),n=[],r=[],s=0,o=[],c=0;c<e.length;c++){var a=e[c];\"}\"===a&&s--,s>0?o.push(a):(o.length>0&&(r.push(o.join(\"\")),n.push(\"%BLOCK%\"),o=[]),n.push(a)),\"{\"===a&&s++}return o.length>0&&(r.push(o.join(\"\")),n.push(\"%BLOCK%\")),{escapedString:n.join(\"\"),blocks:r}},b=function(t,e,n){return t.replace(e,function(){for(var t=[],e=0;e<arguments.length;e++)t[e]=arguments[e];if(t[2]){for(var r=t[2].split(\",\"),s=[],o=0;o<r.length;o++){var c=r[o].trim();if(!c)break;s.push(n(\"-shadowcsshost-no-combinator\",c,t[3]))}return s.join(\",\")}return\"-shadowcsshost-no-combinator\"+t[3]})},x=function(t,e,n){return t+e.replace(\"-shadowcsshost\",\"\")+n},O=function(t,e,n){return e.indexOf(\"-shadowcsshost\")>-1?x(t,e,n):t+e+n+\", \"+e+\" \"+t+n},W=function(t,e,n,r,s){return v(t,function(t){var s=t.selector,o=t.content;return\"@\"!==t.selector[0]?s=function(e,n,r,s){return t.selector.split(\",\").map(function(t){return s&&t.indexOf(\".\"+s)>-1?t.trim():function(t,e){return!function(t){return t=t.replace(/\\[/g,\"\\\\[\").replace(/\\]/g,\"\\\\]\"),new RegExp(\"^(\"+t+\")([>\\\\s~+[.,{:][\\\\s\\\\S]*)?$\",\"m\")}(n).test(t)}(t)?function(t,e,n){for(var r,s=\".\"+(e=e.replace(/\\[is=([^\\]]*)\\]/g,function(t){for(var e=[],n=1;n<arguments.length;n++)e[n-1]=arguments[n];return e[0]})),o=function(t){var r=t.trim();if(!r)return\"\";if(t.indexOf(\"-shadowcsshost-no-combinator\")>-1)r=function(t,e,n){if(h.lastIndex=0,h.test(t)){var r=\".\"+n;return t.replace(i,function(t,e){return e.replace(/([^:]*)(:*)(.*)/,function(t,e,n,s){return e+r+n+s})}).replace(h,r+\" \")}return e+\" \"+t}(t,e,n);else{var o=t.replace(h,\"\");if(o.length>0){var c=o.match(/"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0c9d4737b75044528faa1c90ef17b2ac", "conversation_index": 423566, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 985, "prompt": "Escribe los dos números que siguen en la serie, a partir de los siguientes 610 números:\n41\n33\n36\n37\n43\n38\n37\n36\n41\n41\n40\n42\n38\n40\n40\n40\n33\n29\n32\n39\n40\n43\n21\n36\n39\n40\n42\n36\n23\n37\n41\n40\n37\n42\n26\n43\n36\n39\n33\n41\n43\n43\n42\n34\n38\n41\n38\n34\n39\n35\n41\n40\n24\n39\n40\n42\n43\n37\n39\n40\n39\n41\n31\n28\n28\n32\n25\n42\n31\n42\n31\n42\n40\n41\n13\n42\n43\n32\n43\n40\n31\n41\n42\n34\n35\n38\n33\n41\n42\n40\n35\n36\n42\n43\n33\n33\n42\n37\n30\n41\n40\n43\n33\n40\n27\n43\n43\n41\n31\n43\n34\n37\n39\n39\n34\n42\n23\n43\n42\n27\n36\n43\n39\n40\n34\n37\n41\n41\n33\n37\n41\n43\n40\n42\n30\n43\n37\n41\n33\n36\n36\n40\n39\n36\n38\n43\n42\n35\n41\n13\n41\n41\n37\n42\n43\n42\n39\n23\n41\n40\n43\n40\n43\n32\n38\n42\n43\n40\n38\n25\n39\n43\n33\n42\n41\n41\n42\n37\n41\n38\n32\n31\n42\n31\n25\n38\n43\n43\n39\n27\n40\n42\n22\n39\n40\n35\n40\n37\n36\n41\n43\n25\n43\n41\n37\n39\n34\n43\n43\n40\n43\n27\n26\n43\n41\n42\n37\n37\n40\n42\n32\n37\n37\n40\n41\n33\n32\n35\n30\n31\n35\n43\n39\n38\n38\n26\n33\n30\n38\n42\n42\n37\n41\n29\n35\n37\n42\n43\n34\n41\n39\n35\n43\n36\n35\n39\n36\n40\n39\n31\n35\n43\n39\n41\n16\n37\n25\n27\n35\n31\n29\n40\n36\n39\n39\n41\n43\n38\n37\n41\n42\n41\n29\n35\n33\n43\n33\n27\n34\n37\n40\n42\n42\n41\n20\n43\n43\n43\n38\n34\n36\n38\n40\n29\n43\n35\n40\n40\n40\n39\n42\n40\n41\n29\n43\n36\n34\n36\n41\n41\n39\n39\n27\n40\n41\n43\n42\n41\n32\n37\n43\n28\n38\n40\n26\n39\n42\n31\n36\n31\n43\n28\n31\n35\n41\n37\n35\n36\n41\n30\n38\n41\n39\n32\n40\n34\n42\n37\n23\n39\n42\n29\n37\n40\n43\n34\n32\n36\n25\n42\n23\n40\n34\n35\n42\n29\n33\n43\n43\n40\n28\n40\n32\n23\n33\n38\n35\n40\n21\n42\n25\n25\n42\n33\n20\n33\n39\n35\n43\n43\n35\n22\n40\n42\n42\n43\n29\n24\n36\n43\n30\n34\n37\n31\n42\n30\n42\n35\n43\n37\n30\n41\n33\n42\n40\n38\n36\n43\n41\n42\n36\n42\n33\n26\n38\n36\n37\n42\n41\n42\n42\n38\n40\n34\n43\n40\n41\n34\n41\n38\n23\n43\n43\n39\n42\n35\n35\n33\n22\n25\n34\n40\n40\n36\n42\n42\n31\n35\n28\n36\n38\n43\n42\n22\n38\n35\n28\n43\n39\n42\n26\n43\n38"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ab85506923f64869a41117714d2b5f29", "conversation_index": 954157, "turn_index": 6, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 919, "prompt": "탭\n[마로백 미니]\nhttps://marhenj.co.kr/m/product.\nGen Z and Gen Alpha\nInfographic Update - Mc.\nmccrindle\nHome\nArticles\nGen Z and Gen\nAlpha Infographic Update\nhttps://mccrindle.com.au/article.\nOpenAI, ChatGPT Plugins\n공개 GeekNews\n등의 소스에서 가장 관련성이 높은\n자료를 찾아준.\n이 폴러그인은 오픈소스로 공개\n댓글 적기\nhttps://news.hada.io/topic?id=87.\n댓글 달기\n네이버 부동산\nN부동산\nM\nP\n동작구 사당동\n조권연경\n오피스텔,빌라 보증금 1.5억 이하 월 70\n월세\n빌라 원세\nO\n1억/60 9 사당동만 보기\n일라 원세\n1억 5,000/30\n평당가\nhttps://m.land.naver.com/map/3.\n연마수세미:네이버 통합검\n색\n연마수세미\n통합 VIEW 이미지 지식iN 인\nLu\n오늘]\nSSS-Brt\n광고0 숙씨네\nNPy + 포인트 16원\n구매29 리뷰62찜17\nhttps://m.search.naver.com/sear.\nLOUVE 루브\npre-summer 5% orF s4/3월 (일부제품 소진시 종료)\nLOUVE\nSHOP CART\nhttps://m.louve.co.kr/index.html\nALL- LOUVE\n비밀 모드\nhtps:/m.I 켜 기 p.kr/product/lis.\npre-summer 5% OFF ~4/3월 (일부제품 소진시 종료)\nDP\n새\n탭\n상품정렬\n너는 일반 사용자야. 스마트폰에서 위와 같은 내용이 포함된 인터넷이나 앱을 사용 중이야. 여기서 네가 추가적으로 궁금해하고 혹은 유용해할 정보나 활동을 제안하고자 해. 그러기 위해서 위 컨텐츠를 분석해서 아래 내용을 하나의 표로 만들어줘.\n\n표 1열 제목은 아래와 같이 넣어줘.\n1행: 컨텐츠 출처\n2행: 컨텐츠 개수\n3행: 컨텐츠 종류\n4행: 목적\n5행: 1단어 요약\n6행: 1문장 요약\n7행: 3문장 요약\n8행: 활성 중인 활동\n9행: 추가적인 관심 예측\n10행: 유용한 정보 카테고리\n11행: 유용한 정보\n12행: 유용한 설명\n13행: 유용한 활동 카테고리\n14행: 유용한 활동\n15행: 유용한 활동 설명\n16행: 유용한 링크\n17행: 앱 추천\n18행: 다음 행동 예측\n\n표 2열 내용은 아래 내용으로 채워줘.\n1행: 컨텐츠 출처\n2행: 컨텐츠 종류의 개수\n3행: 컨텐츠 종류\n4행: 무엇을 위해서 이 컨텐츠를 보고 있을까?\n5행: 1단어 요약\n6행: 1문장 요약\n7행: 3문장 요약\n8행: 각 컨텐츠는 사용자가 어떤 활동 중에 접할 수 있는 컨텐츠?\n9행: 위 활동 중에 사용자에게 어떤 정보나 활동에 추가적인 관심이 생길까?\n10행: 연관되는 유용한 정보 카테고리 5개\n11행: 위 카테고리에 해당하는 유용한 정보 2개씩\n12행: 위 유용한 정보 첫번째 간단히 설명\n13행: 연관되는 유용한 활동 카테고리 5개\n14행: 위 카테고리에 해당하는 유용한 활동 2개씩\n15행: 위 유용한 활동 첫번째 간단히 설명\n16행: 연관되는 유용한 링크 5개\n17행: 위와 연관해서 다음에 실행할 것으로 추정되는 안드로이드 어플리케이션 3개\n18행: 위와 연관해서 다음에 할 행동 예측 3개"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d81e34e7bdf4413eaec62f37f58a01a5", "conversation_index": 302685, "turn_index": 6, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 910, "prompt": "A listagem abaixo se refere as locações efetuadas por dia em uma loja de locação de vestidos de festa. \nFaça uma análise de marketing, sugerindo mudanças que venham a aumentar as vendas \"dom.,1/01/23\t0\nseg.,2/01/23\t0\nter.,3/01/23\t0\nqua.,4/01/23\t7\nqui.,5/01/23\t4\nsex.,6/01/23\t2\nsáb.,7/01/23\t13\ndom.,8/01/23\t0\nseg.,9/01/23\t4\nter.,10/01/23\t2\nqua.,11/01/23\t1\nqui.,12/01/23\t5\nsex.,13/01/23\t6\nsáb.,14/01/23\t10\ndom.,15/01/23\t0\nseg.,16/01/23\t7\nter.,17/01/23\t3\nqua.,18/01/23\t2\nqui.,19/01/23\t2\nsex.,20/01/23\t2\nsáb.,21/01/23\t5\ndom.,22/01/23\t0\nseg.,23/01/23\t3\nter.,24/01/23\t2\nqua.,25/01/23\t3\nqui.,26/01/23\t1\nsex.,27/01/23\t4\nsáb.,28/01/23\t10\ndom.,29/01/23\t0\nseg.,30/01/23\t2\nter.,31/01/23\t4\nqua.,1/02/23\t0\nqui.,2/02/23\t0\nsex.,3/02/23\t0\nsáb.,4/02/23\t10\ndom.,5/02/23\t0\nseg.,6/02/23\t5\nter.,7/02/23\t5\nqua.,8/02/23\t4\nqui.,9/02/23\t5\nsex.,10/02/23\t5\nsáb.,11/02/23\t4\ndom.,12/02/23\t0\nseg.,13/02/23\t0\nter.,14/02/23\t4\nqua.,15/02/23\t0\nqui.,16/02/23\t6\nsex.,17/02/23\t0\nsáb.,18/02/23\t10\ndom.,19/02/23\t0\nseg.,20/02/23\t6\nter.,21/02/23\t0\nqua.,22/02/23\t5\nqui.,23/02/23\t2\nsex.,24/02/23\t1\nsáb.,25/02/23\t9\ndom.,26/02/23\t0\nseg.,27/02/23\t1\nter.,28/02/23\t1\nqua.,1/03/23\t9\nqui.,2/03/23\t2\nsex.,3/03/23\t1\nsáb.,4/03/23\t7\ndom.,5/03/23\t0\nseg.,6/03/23\t3\nter.,7/03/23\t4\nqua.,8/03/23\t3\nqui.,9/03/23\t1\nsex.,10/03/23\t6\nsáb.,11/03/23\t6\ndom.,12/03/23\t0\nseg.,13/03/23\t3\nter.,14/03/23\t2\nqua.,15/03/23\t5\nqui.,16/03/23\t7\nsex.,17/03/23\t3\nsáb.,18/03/23\t9\ndom.,19/03/23\t0\nseg.,20/03/23\t5\nter.,21/03/23\t4\nqua.,22/03/23\t5\nqui.,23/03/23\t1\nsex.,24/03/23\t2\nsáb.,25/03/23\t6\ndom.,26/03/23\t0\nseg.,27/03/"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "75e3923d226c48edaa820d464c3c600b", "conversation_index": 538487, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1019, "prompt": "optimize this program: \n490 IF SH-DF>PO GOTO 910 500 M0VE=JV(JV)\n510 IF F2 = l THEN N 1=N l+MOVE:G0TO56O 520 PO=P0+M0VE:IF PO>E+40 THEN P0=E+40 530 IE P0<ETHENP0=F.\n540 POKE PO,65:POKEPO-l,32:POKE PO+1,32 550 POKE PO+DF.l 560 Sll=SH+l\n570 IFF2=0 AND FR«OTHENPL» 1 : LE=50:GOSUB1030 580 IF FLAG=lTHENCOSt:B6 50 590 IF F2=1THENGQSUB700 600 POKE SH.CYAN 610 POKESH-DF.RSPACE 620 POKE SH-l.BLUE 630 FQKESH-DF-1,32 640 GOTO 480 650 N1=PO-40;F2=1 660 FL=0\n670 POKE Ml, ARROW 680 Nl=Nl-40 690 RETURN 700 H=PEEK(N1)\n710 IFII=81THEN GOSUB 1030:GOT0 730 720 IF HOSPACETHF.NC0SUB800 730 POKE Nl, ARROW 740 P0KEN1+40, SPACE 7'50 POKEN11 + DF, WHITE 760 IF NKCHAR + 40 THEN F2-0 770 Nl=Nl-40 780 POKE Nl+40, SPACE 790 RETURN\n800 H=PEEK(N1):IFH=81 THEN RETURN 810 FOR N2=l TO 50 820 G0SUB1030 830 POKE 53280,1 840 POKE 53280,0 850 NEXT N2 860 POKE 53280,0 870 POKE 53281,6 880 F2=0 890 HITS=HITS+1 900 RETURN\n910 PRINT\"[SHFT CLR]\"\n920 PRINT\"[CTRL 8][S!IFT Q][SHFT Qj[SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT QlfSHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q ][SHFT Q]fSBFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q] [ SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SH ISHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SIIFT q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][S II FT Q][SHFT Q][SI1FT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q]\" 930 PRINTTAB(12)\"[CTRL 2]GAME 0VER[CRSR DN]\" 940 PRINT\" [CTRL 8 1 [ SIM 'T QJ[SHKT Q][SHFT QJ[SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT QHSHFT Q][SHKT Q|[SHFT Q][SHFT Q lTSHFT Q][SHFT Q] ISHFT Q]|SIiFT q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][ SHFT Q][SHFT QJLSHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SH [SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][S HFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SHFT Q][SIIFT Q][SHFT Q ] [ CRS R DN][CRSR DN |[CRSR DN 1 \" 950 PRINTTAB(8)\"HITS: \"jHITS\n960 PRINTTAB(8)\"[CRSR DNJSCORF. :\";H1TS 970 IF HITS>HSTHEN1II«SCR:PRINTTAB<8)\"[CTRL 6] [CRSR DN ]\nNEW HIGH SCORE![CTRL 1]\":HS=HITS 980 PRINTTABC8)\"[CRSR DN ] HIGH:\";HS\n990 PRINTTAB(12)\"[CRSR m ) [ CTRL 9 ] [ CTRL 8]PLAY AGAIN?\" 1000 GET A$:IF A$=\"\"GOT01000 1010 IFAS=\"N\"THEN END 1020 PRINT\"[ SHFT CLR ) \" :GOT0430 1030 POKE VOLUME, 15 1040 POKE WAVE, 33 1050 POKE ATTACK, 128 1060 POKE SUS.128 1070 POKE VCE.40 1080 POKE VOLUME, 1090 RETURN"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0a01f609ace041fdae937b8394cec5f2", "conversation_index": 581319, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1170, "prompt": "Soit les données suivantes relatives à une course hippique : 1\nSHAHZAD\nBarzalona M. - Graffard Fh.\nH/4 60 kg 9p 1p 2p (22) 1p 5p 2p 10 8.9\n2\nUZEL\nDemuro C. - Cerulis S.\nH/6 59 kg 1p 11p (22) 1p 1p 2p 7p 3p 12p 5p 6p 2p (21) 1p 13 34.6\n3\nWOODSTONE\nGuyon M. - Richter S.\nM/4 59 kg 2p 11p (22) 6p 7p 1p 1p 1p 2p 1p 3p (21) 8p 7p 6 8.4\n4\nL'ANTHARIS\nMadamet A. - Suborics A.\nM/4 58.5 kg 12p 5p 4p (22) 8p 3p 3p 3p 1p 7p 1p 15 42.2\n5\nWISHUPONASTAR\nLecoeuvre C. - Blume H. A.\nH/6 58.5 kg (22) 12p 4p 18p 1p (21) 1p (20) 5p 1p 2p 4p 3p 2p 7p 8 8.5\n6\nRECOUP\nMurzabayev B. - Fabre A.\nH/4 57.5 kg 5p (22) 1p 5p 3p 2p 3p 2p 7 6.1\n7\nNEPALAIS\nPasquier S. - Chappet F.\nH/5 57.5 kg 2p 6p 5p 2p (22) 14p 1p 9p 2p 9p 9p 10p (21) 1p 11 6.3\n8\nNAISHAN\nMarie Benj. - Alimpinisis G.\nH/9 56 kg 13p 8p 1p 4p 5p (22) 3p 4p 4p 3p 7p 16p 8p 3 54.9\n9\nMISTER X\nPouchin A. - Libaud E.\nH/6 56 kg 3p 14p 12p 1p (22) 6p 13p 11p (21) 1p 3p 1p 7p 5p 5 13.7\n10\nSHAMSABAD\nPiccone T. - Prod'homme D&p.\nH/8 54.5 kg 1p 4p 2p 2p 8p 6p (22) 7p 9p 2p 11p 6p 2p 2 12.4\n11\nPEGASUS\nRoussel Léo - Vermeulen F.\nH/8 54.5 kg 2p 9p 14p 3p 7p 6p (22) 12p 15p 8p 3p 3p (21) 5p 12 12.0\n12\nLETTYT FIGHT\nLemaitre A. - Cerulis S.\nH/6 54 kg 6p 16p 10p 13p (22) 7p 5p 1p 1p 17p 1p 10p 12p 16 28.0\n13\nMORSAN\nHardouin E. - Boutin C.\nH/7 53 kg 1p 6p 10p 15p 2p 6p 6p 1p (22) 1p 4p 3p 3p 4 70.3\n14\nAUTUMN PRIDE\nCrastus A. - Trigodet O.\nM/7 53 kg 3p 7p (22) 4p Dp 1p 5p 1p 2p 3p (21) 8p 6p 6p 9 36.3\n15\nCALCUTTA CUP\nVelon Mlle M. - Weissmeier M. F.\nH/5 53 kg 6p 8p (22) 12p 10p 1p 6p 2p 3p 2p 5p 3p 6p 14 45.0\n16\nGET SET\nClaudic J. - Hollinshead A.\nH/6 53 kg 10p (22) 3p 4p 11p 1p 3p 3p 4p 4p 7p (21) 5p 5p 1 76.5 A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection ordonnée de 8 chevaux susceptibles de figurer parmi les 3 premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1b65099c75a4458695fa6591de84a5a3", "conversation_index": 733623, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1201, "prompt": "ALFA ROMEO 156\nALFA ROMEO GIULIETTA\nALFA ROMEO SPIDER\nALFA ROMEO TONALE\nALPINE A110\nAUDI A3, S3\nAUDI A4, S4\nAUDI A4, S4\nAUDI A6, S6\nAUDI A8, S8\nAUDI Q7\nAUDI Q7\nAUDI TT\nBENTLEY ARNAGE\nBMW 4 SERIES\nBMW 5 SERIES\nBMW 8 SERIES\nBMW X4\nBMW Z3\nCHEVROLET CAMARO\nCHRYSLER SEBRING\nCITROEN C2\nCITROEN XSARA\nCITROEN XSARA\nDFSK FENGON 5\nDFSK FENGON 500\nDFSK FENGON 500\nDR 3.0\nDR 3.0\nDR 3.0\nDR 6.0\nDR 6.0\nDR 7.0\nDS 3\nDS 5\nFERRARI 355\nFERRARI 360\nFERRARI 456, 456M\nFERRARI 458\nFERRARI 812 SUPERFAST\nFERRARI DAYTONA\nFERRARI PUROSANGUE\nFIAT 124\nFIAT 500\nFIAT 500\nFIAT 500\nFIAT 500X\nFIAT 500X\nFIAT DOBLO\nFIAT PANDA\nFIAT PANDA\nFIAT PUNTO, GRANDE PUNTO\nFIAT QUBO\nFIAT SEDICI\nFIAT STILO\nFIAT TIPO\nFORD ECOSPORT\nFORD GALAXY\nFORD KA+\nFORD MONDEO\nFORD MONDEO\nFORD MONDEO\nFORD PUMA\nFORD PUMA\nFORD RANGER\nFORD S-MAX\nHONDA PRELUDE\nHYUNDAI BAYON\nHYUNDAI BAYON\nHYUNDAI I20\nHYUNDAI I20\nHYUNDAI I20\nHYUNDAI KONA\nHYUNDAI SANTA FE\nINFINITI FX\nIVECO DAILY\nIVECO DAILY\nJAGUAR E-PACE\nJAGUAR XJS\nJAGUAR XK\nJAGUAR XK\nJEEP GRAND WAGONEER\nJEEP GRAND WAGONEER\nJEEP GRAND WAGONEER\nJEEP WRANGLER\nJEEP WRANGLER\nKIA CEED\nKIA SPORTAGE\nLADA NIVA\nLADA NIVA\nLAMBORGHINI AVENTADOR\nLANCIA PHEDRA\nLANCIA YPSILON\nLAND ROVER DEFENDER\nLAND ROVER DEFENDER\nLAND ROVER DISCOVERY\nLAND ROVER RANGE ROVER SPORT\nLEXUS NX\nLOTUS ELISE\nLOTUS EVORA\nMAN TGE\nMASERATI GHIBLI\nMASERATI QUATTROPORTE\nMAZDA 3\nMAZDA 5\nMAZDA 6\nMAZDA CX-5\nMERCEDES C CLASS\nMERCEDES CLK\nMERCEDES E CLASS\nMERCEDES E CLASS\nMERCEDES GLE\nMERCEDES GLS\nMERCEDES S CLASS\nMERCEDES SLC, SLK\nMERCEDES SPRINTER\nMG TF\nMINI CLUBMAN\nMINI ONE/COOPER\nMINI ONE/COOPER\nMITSUBISHI LANCER\nMORGAN PLUS 4\nNISSAN 350Z\nNISSAN TOWNSTAR\nOPEL ASTRA\nOPEL ASTRA\nOPEL CORSA\nOPEL VIVARO\nOPEL ZAFIRA\nEMC WAVE 3\nEMC WAVE 3\nICKX K2\nSPORTEQUIPE 5\nSPORTEQUIPE 5\nSPORTEQUIPE 7\nPEUGEOT 205\nPEUGEOT 206\nPEUGEOT 208\nPORSCHE 718 BOXSTER\nPORSCHE 718 CAYMAN\nPORSCHE 928\nPORSCHE CAYENNE\nRENAULT KANGOO\nRENAULT MASTER RT\nROLLS-ROYCE PHANTOM\nSEAT AROSA\nSEAT IBIZA\nSEAT IBIZA\nSEAT LEON\nSEAT MII\nSMART FORFOUR\nSMART FORTWO\nSSANGYONG REXTON\nSUBARU BRZ\nSUBARU IMPREZA\nSUBARU IMPREZA\nSUZUKI ALTO\nSUZUKI JIMNY\nSUZUKI SAMURAI\nSUZUKI SAMURAI\nSUZUKI SWIFT\nTOYOTA CELICA\nTOYOTA LAND CRUISER\nTOYOTA LAND CRUISER\nTOYOTA MR-2\nVOLVO S40\nVW BEETLE\nVW CADDY\nVW GOLF\nVW PASSAT\nVW PASSAT CC\nVW TRANSPORTER\nLAND ROVER RANGE ROVER\nMAN TGE\nMERCEDES GLC\nAUDI A3, S3\nCITROEN C1\nLAND ROVER RANGE ROVER SPORT\nMERCEDES C CLASS\nOPEL CORSA\nOPEL CORSA\nOPEL MOKKA\nOPEL MOKKA\nRENAULT CLIO\nRENAULT CLIO\nRENAULT TWINGO\nSKODA CITIGO\nVW GOLF\nVW POLO\nVW TRANSPORTER\nAUDI Q5\nMERCEDES S CLASS\n"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "4d3526aba2aa7289c26e430031f3fec603c72506c1141637", "conversation_index": 5042, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 8789, "prompt": "泊头（河北省沧州市代管县级市）\n泊头，是河北省沧州市下辖的县级市，位于河北东南部，地理坐标介于东经116°2′至116°5′，北纬37°54′至38°13′之间。河北省新兴城市。泊头，始建于东汉，因运河槽运兴起而得名。是环渤海地区重要的工业城市。泊头市面积为1007平方公里，市城区面积29平方公里。 泊头是著名的中国铸造名城、中国汽车冲压模具制造基地、中国鸭梨第一乡。 1993年被河北省委、省政府列为环渤海开发开放地区。1998年被河北省政府批准为省级综合改革试验县（市）。2019年11月，入选第二批节水型社会建设达标县（区）名单。\n同义词 铸造之乡（河北省泊头市）一般指泊头（河北省沧州市代管县级市） 泊头建制沿革 泊头，春秋时大部属晋国，东部（今运河以东部分）属齐国。战国时隶赵国。 秦统一后，置郡县，市境属赵国钜鹿郡。 西汉高祖五年（公元前202年），在浮阳县（今沧县旧州）治，置渤海郡，在今献县河城街置河间郡，市境东部属幽州渤海郡，西部属冀州河间郡。文帝前元二年（公元前178年）河间郡改置河间国，市境西部即改属河间国。 汉武帝元朔三年（公元前126年），置建成县于今市内齐桥镇，置成平县于今齐桥镇大付村附近，置乐城县于今献县河城街，市境分为三县属地。建成，成平属幽州渤海郡，乐城属冀州河间国。 王莽代汉，将乐城改为陆信，不久复故。东汉初年，全国合并郡县，省建成入成平，改隶冀州河间国，市境分属成平、乐城二县。 桓帝时，乐城一度改为乐陵，三国时复故。同时，将河间国改为河间郡，隶于冀州。晋时改为河间国，并改乐成为乐城，与成平均属其辖。 北魏太和十一年（公元487年），分定州、冀州置赢州，辖河间、章武诸郡。延昌二年（公元513年），徙成平县治于景城故城，改隶章武郡，乐城仍属河间郡。 隋开皇三年（公元583年）罢郡，以州直接统县，变三级地方行政区划为二级制，河间、章武郡废。成平，乐城改隶瀛州。隋开皇十六年（公元596年），隋文帝于长芦置景州。同年，置弓高县，设治于今市境后城子，隶于观州。开皇十八年（公元598年），改成平为景城，并改隶景州。仁寿初年（公元601年），改乐城为乐寿，仍隶瀛州。今市境东南部隶于弓高，东北及中西部地区分别隶于景城，乐寿。大业三年（公元607年），废州复郡，乐寿、景城改隶河间郡，弓高改隶于平原郡。 唐武德元年（公元618年）景城改隶于沧州。武德四年（公元621年），置观州，治弓高，弓高县改隶观州。同时，改河间郡为瀛州。乐寿、景城改隶于瀛州。贞观元年（公元627年），景城又复隶于沧州。贞观十七年（公元643年）废观州，弓高改隶于沧州。天宝元年（公元742年）改瀛州为河间郡，沧州为景城郡，乐寿改隶河间郡景城，弓高改隶景城郡。乾元元年（公元758年），河间郡、景城郡复称瀛州，沧州。乐寿复隶瀛景城，弓高复隶于沧州。大历七年（公元772年），景城改隶于瀛州。大历中后期乐寿曾先后两次改隶深州。 后周显德六年（公元959年），省弓高入东光。宋熙宁六年（公元1073年），调整政区合并州县。景城省入乐寿，属河北东路河间郡，景城降为镇。是年，在石家圈（今西交河村）立镇。 金大定七年（公元1167年）废镇立县，名交河，隶属河间路献州，另置新桥镇于运河西岸，属交河县。据《嘉靖河间府志》，元至元二年（公元1265年），合并江北州县，交河并入乐寿，未几复故。属中书省河间路献州。 明洪武元年（公元1368年）改河间路为河间府。洪武四年（公元1371年）徙县治于今交河镇，仍称交河县，属河间府献州。洪武八年（公元1375年）因献州降为县而改隶河间府。洪武十年（公元1377年）再次合并州县，交河县省入献县。洪武十三年（公元1380年）复置，属京师河间府。 清代属直隶河间府。民国2年（公元1913年）北洋政府决定撤府留县，同时设置行政监察道，交河县隶直隶省渤海道。 民国3年（公元1914年）渤海道改为津海道。民国17年（公元1928年），交河县隶属河北省。民国26年（公元1937年），交河县划归河北省第八督察区。 抗日战争爆发后，市境国民党政权自行瓦解。日寇操纵汉奸建立伪交河县政府，先驻泊头，后移交河，属伪河北省政府。 1938年，共产党领导的交河县抗日民主政权县佐公署在市境西部毛家营成立，属冀中区第一专区。 1940年冀中区析交河县、献县置献交联合县。交河县、献交县同属冀中八专区。 1944年又析交河县东北部，沧县西部与青县组成青沧交联合县也属冀中八专区。抗战胜利后的1945年10月，撤销献交县。次年1月，撤销青沧交县，恢复原政区，仍属冀中八专区。 1946年5月，泊头解放，冀中区决定：将泊头城区由交河、南皮两县析出，设立泊头市，直隶冀中区。同年10月，重建献交、青沧交联合县，仍属冀中八专区。 1949年河北省人民政府成立后，设置沧县专区、三县一市均改属沧县专区。1949年9月至10月撤销两联合县和泊头市，恢复原交河县，并改泊头市为泊头镇（县级），同隶于沧县专区。 1953年11月政务院决定复置泊头市，直属河北省，由沧县专区代管。1956年复归沧县专区。 1958年4月，泊头市及交河县改属天津专区。12月，泊头市，交河县、东光县、阜城县、南皮县四县一市合并为交河县，泊头改为镇，为县政府驻地。是月，天津专区撤销而改隶天津市。1961年沧县专区恢复，交河县还属。7月，南皮、东光恢复建制，泊镇划归南皮。 1962年5月，恢复阜城县，又将泊镇划归交河县辖。1982年12月，国务院决定恢复泊头市，隶于沧州专区， 1983年5月，交河县撤销，其政区并入泊头市。 [3] 泊头行政区划 截至2005年，泊头市辖泊镇、交河镇、富镇、齐桥镇、文庙镇、郝村镇、寺门村镇、洼里王镇八镇及王武乡、四营乡、营子乡、西辛店乡四乡，辖古楼、解放、河东3个街道办事处。共有657个行政村，27个社区居委会。 [4] 街道/镇面积社区/村河东街道4.2平方千米潘庄、枣市、道东、南仓、刘辛、刘辛南、道东北、东顺河、车站南、车站北、红旗南、红旗北、南仓南、河东大、河东南、河东北、柳丝馆、河东北新街解放街道11.5平方千米新兴北街、新兴南街、裕华东路、裕华中路、裕华西路、岔道口街、建新街、安顺街、和平街、河西街、龙华街古楼街道4.9平方千米胜利南街、胜利北街、清真西街、解放西街、上下店街、刘庄南街、刘庄北街、火柴厂街、古楼街、米市街、粮市街、茶店街、盐店街、西关街、清真街、解放街、跃进街、新华街、光明街、煤场街、斜街营子镇93平方千米营子、大徘徊、小徘徊、曹村、周寺、姜庄、小城、金庄、计庄、来庄、前乜、后乜、郑庄、郝楼、蒋潘、刘潘、杨潘、桑庄、惠庄、大鲁道一、大鲁道二、大鲁道三、大鲁道四、王将军庄、东太师庄、西太师庄、玉皇庙西、玉皇庙东、玉皇庙中、石桥鲁道、东柏舟寺、西柏舟寺、沙鲁道、李鲁道、王鲁道、曹鲁道、段鲁道、苟鲁道、小吴潘、大吴潘、红庙潘、大赵庄、小赵庄、大徐郭、小徐郭、刘辛庄、东辛庄、西辛庄、庄头一、庄头二、庄头三、唐家庄、前杨庄、后杨庄、西杨庄、东杨庄、河嘴巴、西淮洼、东淮洼、前淮洼、后军屯、前军屯、小冯庄、小及庄、河北王、尚古庄交河镇79平方千米第一、第二；东关、西关、颜庄、辛庄、双庙、时庄、四合、陈北、陈东、陈西、新合、卢桥、顺桥、田庄、张庄、褚庄、北疃、霍庄、曹庄、高庄、陈庄、韩庄、郭庄、王庄、傅庄、南八里庄、北八里庄、北陈庄、三里庄、王大米、白官屯、西辛阁、东辛阁、五里庄、南及寺、李家寺、白道口、东桑庄、高峰寺、白赵庄、刘官屯、王我庄、千民屯、封官屯、李官屯、白王庄、北孟庄、南孟庄、陈四毛郝村镇93平方千米东郝、西郝、中郝、赵庄、崔坊、席庄、黄庄、王贾、孟贾、刘贾、张贾、李孔、王孔、张孔、及孔、藩庄、侯庄、燕庄、蔡庄、乐庄、林庄、刘庄、谢庄、綦庄、大庙、流寺、刘下码头、前张留信、磨盘李庄、席下码头、千里屯、东李庄、徐陈庄、西留堡、东留堡、前辛庄、后辛庄、北高庄、万家寨、常官屯、韩官屯、肖留信、王留信、林留信、北韩庄、鲁张庄、徐张庄、阎李庄、曹魏庄、西卢庄、樊庄、赵庞庄、东旺庄、双庙东、双庙西、徐贾庄、西周庄、徐高庄、西李庄寺门村镇82平方千米寺门、水胜、卧庄、张楼、韩集、白庄、郭楼、薛村、军董、军阎、阁上、宋八屯、白佛堂、彭家院、陈家庵、王奉一、杨码头、顾码头、白落鸦、侯落鸦、沈落鸦、刘寺门、杨寺门、绘彩于、火兴庄、东傅庄、潘江屯、苑码头、河北于、东赵庄、西靳庵、东靳庵、刘家坊、东辛店、西贾店、东贾店、小刘庄、小金庄、烧盆张、张吉草、苏辛庄、董留寺阁、北留寺阁、李留寺阁、杜留寺阁、王木匠庄、后大凝屯、前大凝屯、后牛官屯、前牛官屯、西望江店、洚河寺王文庙镇84平方千米文庙、尹圈、贺东、贺西、张药包、东赵、齐北、齐中、齐南、郭东、郭西、军西、军东、马庄、黄屯、剪南、剪北、常庄、滑庄、马桥、前乔官屯、后乔官屯、后赵辛庄、前赵辛庄、大孙庄、楚贾杜、冯家口、刘汉斗、扁渡里、姜皇庄、张皇庄、李皇庄、北张庄、南张庄、刘批条、赵家场、杜屯子、邵庄子、宗庄子、孟庄子、高庄子、伊王庄、碱场孙、三姓庄、纪辛庄、顾辛庄、杨辛庄、周辛庄、东刘庄、伊家庄、阎家庄、前薛窝、后薛窝、大薛窝齐桥镇104平方千米齐桥、高屯、王院、潘口、刘赞、李楼、大炉、小傅、大傅、张高、大李、范庄、田高、周庄、庞高、李高、军王、小园、小炉、尹店、尹庄、李屯、米庄、西王庄、南王庄、东王庄、老庄子、贾庄子、官庄子、小阎坞、大阎坞、安乐王、小孙庄、李小庄、西孟堂、东孟堂、入籍屯、压枝陈、小李庄、魏家庄、后淮漳、前淮漳、北曹庄、王古台、黄蛮庄、东菜园、西菜园、邬屯子、大胡屯、小胡屯、南辛寨、清河头、朱庄子、小河嘴、白家庄、果子张、五军寨、金庄子、昝觉寺、太平庄、张兵备、东三毛庄、西三毛庄、小苏辛庄、大马道口、小马道口、滹杨码头富镇78平方千米富镇、杨王、崔村、钱庄、姜庄、前高、尚庄、南庄、张店、张屯、咎庄、严铺、赵村、后高、邢屯、暗庄、东任英屯、西任英屯、孙亮屯、北董屯、东董屯、西董屯、李董屯、前董屯、小董屯、小江庄、孟官屯、堤口于、司官屯、楼子铺、前张屯、后张屯、西韩庄、北韩庄、毛家营、周官屯、张官屯、小赵屯、苑家庄、小卢屯、河西屯泊镇67平方千米堤口王、堤口张、河东大、大王庙、小杜庄、大魏庄、张边家、姚家庵、赵古屯、大何庄、小何庄、北三里、西三里、上下店、小齐堰、宋屯子、张庄子、双狮赵、姚辛庄、前辛庄、钓鱼台、王家庄、肖杜李、南马庄、张三家、河东南、清水洼、五里屯、谢家八里庄、杨家八里庄、贾家八里庄、红星八里庄、哈王八里庄、刘庄、余庄、解放、跃进、齐庄、前孔、后孔、周庄、西庞、东庞、潘庄、新华、茶店、董庄、段庄、河西、孙庄、西关、刘辛、窑厂、肖圈、龙屯洼里王镇76平方千米洼里王、西常庄、赵老户、左家桥、隆丰店、北段庄、张六指、东韩庄、小皇庄、北马庄、三岔河、后高尧、前高尧、北赵庄、五龙堂、李文席、常教庄、季家庄、赵白河、李多里、孟太监一、孟太监二、孟太监三、青牛庄一、青牛庄一、青牛庄二、沙河涯一、沙河涯二、沙河涯三、后八尺高、前八尺高、大沙窝头、小沙窝头、大杨皇庄、小杨皇庄、莫家八里庄、韩林、后赵、前赵、郭屯、米院、缴桥、后冯、前冯、贾庄、姜桥、新村、曾庄、范徐、杨桥、卢庄西辛店乡96平方千米南辛店、北辛店、两合铺、大江庄、西刘庄、北杨庄、南杨庄、周英庄、西韩庄、大周庄、宋家庄、军王庄、鲁官屯、王小营、四小营、亭子河、新李庄、西盛屯、东盛屯、黄铁房、张铁房、西郑庄、前甜水营、后甜水营、东窦庄屯、李家、及庄、常村、旧站、马村、满庄、油瓶、冯庄、耿村、彭庄、呼庄、武庄、齐庄、崔桥、秦村、武屯、洼里、傅村、倪屯、房于、南于、新立、夹疃、牧地、梁屯、梁店、陈庄四营乡75平方千米四营、宋村、穆村、苏庄、灌河、韩桥、杨村、许村、李庄、夹河、军张、杨庄、凌屯、田家庙一、田家庙二、田家庙三、田家庙四、田家庙五、大杭子东、大杭子西、张苏留慈、苦水王庄、都李泊洛、马刘泊洛、刘道口、韩留慈、郭留慈、范留慈、刘三番、赵三番、冯三番、常三番、常泊洛、冯泊洛、周泊洛、曲泊洛、尹泊洛、黄官屯、王官屯、杨官屯、袼褙陈、孟傅郜、大赵屯、西赵庄、佟王庄、火把张、南夹河、二杭子、三杭子、大卢屯、马家阁、张李庄、许姚庄王武庄乡69平方千米王武庄、南曹庄、中苏屯、东苏屯、西苏屯、后杨圈、前杨圈、西官道、东官道、小杨庄、大杨庄、金马驹、井刘庄、后陈庄、大树阎、簸箕张、杨家洼、洪码头、郭千庄、建昌店、舍药张、李福台、刘码头、南段庄、赵漫河、南赵庄、刘定杆、张东庵、张帆庄、后城子、九彩王、李冀北、孟码头、王银庄、洼里高、西十里高、东十里高、新建伯李庄、大庞、崔庄、魏庄、石桥、后河、前河、官庄、胡庄、戴庄、张庄、唐庄、常乐 泊头地理环境 泊头地理位置 泊头市 泊头市位于河北省东南部，市域地理坐标为：东经116°2′至116°5′，北纬37°54′至38°13′，横端长61.4公里，纵端长34.9公里，总面积1077平方公里。 [5] 北依京津，东临渤海，南接齐鲁，距北京市250公里，距塘沽港180公里，距黄骅港80公里。位于京津冀经济圈内，环渤海经济带中。 泊头位于河北平原腹心地带，属典型平原地貌，东接滨河平原，西连山前平原，无山无丘，平坦开阔，地形简单。古河残堤及淀泊淤积形成的槽形浅平洼地自西向东分布在市境北部一线。地势自南向东北缓倾，最高点西辛店乡秦村，海拔16.1米，最低点文庙镇楚贾杜村，海拔10.1米，平均海拔13.2米，自然坡降为万分之一。 [6] 境内主要河流有南运河、清凉江、滏阳新河、滏东排河、连接河、老盐河、江江河、南排河、黑龙港河。 [6] 泊头气候环境 泊头市属暖温带湿润大陆性季风气候区，又属冀南暖湿轻干旱区。大陆度64.69%，干燥度1.6%，由于受欧亚 大陆季风与地理位置影响，气候季间差明显，四季分明，冬季寒冷干燥，春季常干旱多风，夏季炎热多雨，秋季天高气爽。春、秋、冬三季多有西北风，夏季以西南风为多。年平均气温12.7度，无霜期187天，年均日照2.784小时，年均降水543毫米，降水多集中在7、8两月。 [6] 泊头自然资源 泊头市幅员广阔，土地资源丰富，市境总面积1006.5平方公里，折合150余万亩，国有土地面积87226.09 亩，国有耕地1272.20亩，土地利用率为98.6%。市域土壤由古河流冲积形成，层理清晰，土层深厚，疏松涵润，矿物质营养较高。各种农作物及野生植物均有生长。 [7] 泊头人口民族 2009年统计人口为57万人。汉族占97%，少数民族有回、壮、满、苗、朝鲜、白、土家、蒙古等17个少数民族。 [7] 泊头经济 泊头综述 2010年，泊头市生产总值完成119.35亿元，全部财政收入完成6.9亿元，入统工业增加值完成35.6亿元，全社会固定资产投资完成83.19亿元，城镇居民人均可支配收入、农民人均纯收入分别达到15095元、5463元。 2016年，生产总值完成215.8亿元，同比增长7%；全部财政收入完成13.7亿元，同比增长8%，其中一般公共预算收入完成7.7亿元，同比增长4.2%；固定资产投资完成220.3亿元，同比增长14.1%；规上工业增加值完成90.7亿元，同比增长7.6%；社会消费品零售总额完成99.9亿元，同比增长10.3%；城乡居民人均可支配收入分别达到27758元、12092元，同比分别增长9%、10%。 [8] 泊头第一产业 2012年上半年，泊头市农业完成产值42651万元，同比增长1.8%。占全部农林牧渔服务业总产值的比重43.3%。泊头完成畜牧业产值预计47528万元，同比增长 0.5%。占全部农林牧渔服务业总产值的比重48.3%。猪、牛、羊、家禽出栏分别为11.18万头、0.91万头、7.13万只、179.73万只。只有牛出栏呈下降趋势,下降了4%,猪、羊、家禽出栏则分别比2011年同期增长0.18%、2.9%、0.6%。禽蛋产量20943吨，比2011年同期增长1.5%。泊头的牛奶产量与2011年相比增长了。牛奶产量760吨，比2011年同期增长21.6%。肉类产量13675吨，比2011 [8] 年同期增长0.1%。猪、牛、羊、家禽的存栏分别为14.42万头、1.52万头、12.66万只、343.96万只。猪、牛存栏是增长趋势，分别比2011年同期增长了0.9%、12.6%。羊、家禽存栏是下降的，分别比2011年下降0.5%，3.5%。泊头市的能繁殖母猪存栏2.49万头,同比下降3.9%。泊头的渔业产量到目前为止达到311吨，同比下降1%。 [9] 泊头第二产业 泊头是一个工业基础雄厚的县级市，截至2012年有工业企业2000多家，工业总产值88亿元，增加值24.84亿元。工业主要有三大支柱特色产业，包括铸造产业、汽车模具产业、环保产业，还有机械，纺织，服装，化工，电子等，门类齐全。泊头已经形成了铸造、环保设备、汽车模具、果品业等四大特色产业。1912年，时为中国最大的化工企业——泊头永华火柴公司建成。 泊头在历史上是与广东佛山、江苏无锡齐名的国内三大铸造基地之一，素有“铸造之乡”的美誉。现有企业700余家，固定资产原值20亿元，从业人员5万人，年生产能力100万吨，2011年年产量达到50万吨，产值25亿元，利税4.8亿元，产品有十余个系列，400多个品种， 在50万吨的产量中有30万吨出口， 出口地区主要有欧美、亚洲、非洲，对经济的贡献率达到40%以上。泊头 泊头形成了以铸造、汽车模具、环保设备、工业泵阀为主体的特色主导产业。全市拥有企业900多家，产值120亿元，产品远销80多个国家和地区。泊头铸造年生产能力达到200多万吨，实型铸造产量占全国的50%以上，有工业和工艺两大类，数十个系列。铸件出口占全国出口总量的12.5%，占非工业类铸件出口总量的37.5%，生铁冶炼技艺被列入国家非物质文化遗产保护名录。汽车模具产值占全国同行业的16%，是全国汽车模具生产企业最密集的地区，是中国汽车零部件产业30强园区之一，有2家企业被命名为中国汽车零部件百强企业，拥有全国最大的汽车模具制造民营企业，为北汽、上汽、长安福特、广州本田等全国知名汽车制造企业配套生产模具。作为长江以北最大的大气除尘设备制造生产基地，泊头100多家环保设备制造企业中有2家被纳入全国骨干，全省10强中泊头占有6席。 [10] 2012年上半年，泊头209家规模以上工业企业完成增加值263792万元，在沧州市排第4位， 同比增长24.8%，在沧州市排第10位，增速比1-5月份提高1.3个百分点。实现主营业务收入1075248万元，同比增长43.5%，增速比1-5月份提高5.8个百分点；实现利税111621万元，在沧州市排第3位，同比增长36.1%，在沧州排第5位，增速比1-5月份略降0.8个百分点。 [11] 泊头第三产业 2012年上半年，全社会消费品零售总额完成270893万元，在沧州市排第5位，同比增长15.4%，在沧州市排第8位，增速比一季度放慢0.3个百分点。 金融机构存款余额为1605284万元，在沧州市排第4位，比年初增长13.52%，增速在沧州市排第7位；金融机构贷款余额为504339万元，在沧州市排第3位，比年初增长12.59%，在沧州排批6位。 [11] 泊头社会事业 泊头城市建设 2009年，市城区建城面积已由解放初的不足4平方公里发展到21.5平方公里。先后拓宽、翻修了解放路、胜 利路、裕华路、建设大街、红旗大街等主要街道，修筑了大型桥梁5座，立交桥2座。道路铺装面积160.1万平方米。市内公交线路12条。 [12] 泊头教育事业 解放前，除省立泊头第九师范外，境内仅有400所小学，在校生不过1万余人。如今，泊头教育事业飞速发展，全市有大学、全日制普通高校1所——泊头职业学院，中等专业学校3所，中学61所，小学565所，有各类教师4484人，在校生总数9万余人，小学教育和初等教育普及率达到99.7%和96.7%。历年高考开学率列沧州地区前茅。 [12] 泊头科技事业 80年代，境内先后建成研究所3个，各类科学技术学会、协会、研究会15个。1990年境内有科技人员2049人，其中中级技术职称以上人员1011人，其他各类专业技术人员6780人。共取得各类科研成果600余项。引进开发新产品117种，有18种达到国际先进水平。获省部级以上成果奖12项，获国家科技成果奖一项。秦国昌的《计划免疫信息处理系统》学术论文在第六届世界医药信息学大会上宣读。 [12] 泊头医疗事业 1949年，境内仅有2家医院及几个民间药铺，医生28名。1990年，境内有医院32个、门诊所5个，医院床位数780张，卫生技术人员1586人，其中医生754人。 [12] 泊头文化事业 80年代中期，市电视台和广播电台先后建成开播。1990年，全市有影剧院3个，电影放映单位40个，文化馆、图书馆各1座。市剧团被誉为全国著名的“庄户剧团”。朝花农民诗社为代表的文学创作活动蓬勃开展。 [12] 泊头体育事业 1958年，金净云获河北省体操比赛高低杠的自由体操两项第一名；1990年，马娜获河北省少儿武术比赛三项冠军，徐海龙获“中国武士杯”自选剑术比赛第二名。市体育馆、游泳池、市一中体育场等及各企业，学校等体育设施的兴建，为市境人民的体育锻炼活动创造了良好条件。1990年，河北省中学生运动会首次在县级市——泊头举行。 [12] 泊头交通运输 泊头境内有京沪铁路及客货站，京沪铁路、石黄高速、京沪高速、104、106国道穿城而过，截至2010年有省道2条、县道3条、乡道12条，通车里程1111公里。 [7] 京杭大运河纵贯市区，距塘沽港180公里，距黄骅港80公里。 [13] 境内河流有：南运河、清凉江、滏阳新河、滏东排河、连接河、老盐河、江江河、南排河、黑龙港河，水运便利。 泊头旅游资源 泊头清真寺 泊头清真寺位于市区清真街南端，始建于明永乐二年（公元1404年），占地面积11200平方米，房屋近200间，建筑面积3000多平方米。1982年7月列为河北省重点文物保护单位。泊头清真寺是华北地区最大的木质结构清真寺，2001年列为全国重点文物保护单位。 菜园石槽 菜园石槽位于泊头市齐桥镇东菜园儿小学院内东北角处。石槽长2.8米，宽0.7米，厚0.5米，底厚0.21米，槽壁厚0.11米，重约2吨。在槽的底部一侧，有一圆孔，是为排水设置的。 [14] 泊头著名人物 孙桐萱早期的著名空军飞行员贾庆林中共中央政治局常委，第十届、十一届全国政协主席李松林河北省泊头人河北省美协会员，中国东方书画家协会理事封瑞为中国早期的城市道路规划做出过一定贡献吴玉阳当代实力派工笔重彩画家 泊头城市荣誉 中国汽车模具之乡中国鸭梨第一乡全国鸭梨无公害生产示范县绿色食品基地全国园艺产品出口示范基地中国铸造之乡河北省环保产业试点市河北省大气污染治理设备生产基地第一届河北省文明城市 [15] 第二批节水型社会建设达标县（区） [2] 词条图册 更多图册 参考资料 1. 泊头梨花节(图) ．新浪网．2013-4-16[引用日期2014-05-16] 2. 水利部关于公布第二批节水型社会建设达标县（区）名单的公告 ．水利部[引用日期2019-11-16] 3. 建制沿革 ．泊头人民政府网．2005-8-13[引用日期2014-05-16] 4. 行政区划 ．泊头人民政府网．2005-9-2[引用日期2014-05-16] 5. 泊头市金三角物流园 ．泊头金日快运车队[引用日期2013-04-18] 6. 自然环境 ．新华网．2009-7-25[引用日期2014-05-16] 7. 泊头 ．中国运河网．2010-10-11[引用日期2014-05-16] 8. 市情概览 ．泊头市人民政府[引用日期2018-12-29] 9. 2012年泊头市上半年农业生产情况 ．泊头人民政府网．2012-7-25[引用日期2014-05-16] 10. 泊头：河北惟一的“环保设备产业试点市” ．长城网．2012-6-20[引用日期2014-05-16] 11. 2012年上半年泊头市主要经济指标完成情况 ．泊头人民政府网．2012-8-7[引用日期2014-05-16] 12. 泊头市概况 ．市县招商网．2011-8-22[引用日期2014-05-16] 13. 泊头城市介绍 ．中国天气网[引用日期2014-05-16] 14. 齐桥菜园石槽 ．新华网．2014-1-7[引用日期2014-05-16] 15. 新华区、高邑县等荣获首届河北省文明城区(县城)称号 ．澎湃网[引用日期2017-12-15] 展开全部 收起\n\n泊头有哪些交通运输优势?京杭大运河到塘沽港和黄骅港的距离各是多少?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1728b4f01d1e49b0928d1aae4cf057f5", "conversation_index": 502015, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 904, "prompt": "\textract NAME_1 pay, taxes, overtime and group by employee names from following data\n\t\f                                                       Widget Manufacturing Corp.\nEmployee Payroll Report\nFrom 9/1/2012 to 9/30/2012\nEmployee Info                                          Federal                                                                                            Other\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPre-Tax    Taxable    Federal  Soc Sec  Medicare                  State        Other                     Deductions\n\n\tCheck #        Pay Date          NAME_1 Pay  Deduction  Wages      Withholding Withholding Withholding         Withholding  Withholding      SUI/SDI  (Additions)  Net Pay\nDepartment : Accounting\n1004 NAME_2\n09/05/2012        2,880.00   413.00     2,467.00   331.92   115.71             39.95    NY  :  95.21        0.00             0.00          0.00    1,828.36\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   CA  :  55.85\n\tDD             09/28/2012        720.00     197.00     523.00     59.38    24.99              8.62     NY  :  0.00         0.00             0.00          0.00    408.01\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   CA  :  22.00\n\t\t\t\t   09/30/2012        2,880.00   413.00     2,467.00   331.92   115.71             39.95    NY  :  95.21        0.00             0.00          0.00    1,828.36\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   CA  :  55.85\n\t\t\t\t   Employee Totals:  6,480.00   1,023.00   5,457.00   723.22   256.41             88.52           324.12       0.00             0.00          0.00    4,064.73\n\t1008  NAME_3 NAME_4\n\t\t\t\t   09/05/2012        5,000.00   419.00     4,581.00   418.00   205.01             70.78    NY :   229.00       0.00             2.60          0.00    3,655.61\n\t\t\t\t   09/28/2012        1,153.87   188.23     965.64     0.00     43.46              15.01    NY :   14.00        0.00             2.60          0.00    890.57\n\t\t\t\t   09/30/2012        5,000.00   419.00     4,581.00   418.00   205.00             70.77    NY :   229.00       0.00             2.60          0.00    3,655.63\n\t\t\t\t   Employee Totals:  11,153.87  1,026.23   10,127.64  836.00   453.47             156.56          472.00       0.00             7.80          0.00    8,201.81\n\t1009  NAME_5\n\t\t\t\t   09/05/2012        1,000.00   0.00       1,000.00   163.32   42.00              14.50    NJ :   29.37        0.24             1.88          0.00    698.94\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   NY :   49.75\n\t\t\t\t   09/07/2012        1,000.00   0.00       1,000.00   163.32   42.00              14.50    NJ :   29.37        0.00             0.00          0.00    "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d81e34e7bdf4413eaec62f37f58a01a5", "conversation_index": 302685, "turn_index": 4, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 916, "prompt": "A listagem abaixo se refere as locações efetuadas por dia em uma loja de locação de vestidos de festa. \nFaça uma análise, sugerindo mudanças que venham a aumentar as vendas \"dom.,1/01/23\t0\nseg.,2/01/23\t0\nter.,3/01/23\t0\nqua.,4/01/23\t7\nqui.,5/01/23\t4\nsex.,6/01/23\t2\nsáb.,7/01/23\t13\ndom.,8/01/23\t0\nseg.,9/01/23\t4\nter.,10/01/23\t2\nqua.,11/01/23\t1\nqui.,12/01/23\t5\nsex.,13/01/23\t6\nsáb.,14/01/23\t10\ndom.,15/01/23\t0\nseg.,16/01/23\t7\nter.,17/01/23\t3\nqua.,18/01/23\t2\nqui.,19/01/23\t2\nsex.,20/01/23\t2\nsáb.,21/01/23\t5\ndom.,22/01/23\t0\nseg.,23/01/23\t3\nter.,24/01/23\t2\nqua.,25/01/23\t3\nqui.,26/01/23\t1\nsex.,27/01/23\t4\nsáb.,28/01/23\t10\ndom.,29/01/23\t0\nseg.,30/01/23\t2\nter.,31/01/23\t4\nqua.,1/02/23\t0\nqui.,2/02/23\t0\nsex.,3/02/23\t0\nsáb.,4/02/23\t10\ndom.,5/02/23\t0\nseg.,6/02/23\t5\nter.,7/02/23\t5\nqua.,8/02/23\t4\nqui.,9/02/23\t5\nsex.,10/02/23\t5\nsáb.,11/02/23\t4\ndom.,12/02/23\t0\nseg.,13/02/23\t0\nter.,14/02/23\t4\nqua.,15/02/23\t0\nqui.,16/02/23\t6\nsex.,17/02/23\t0\nsáb.,18/02/23\t10\ndom.,19/02/23\t0\nseg.,20/02/23\t6\nter.,21/02/23\t0\nqua.,22/02/23\t5\nqui.,23/02/23\t2\nsex.,24/02/23\t1\nsáb.,25/02/23\t9\ndom.,26/02/23\t0\nseg.,27/02/23\t1\nter.,28/02/23\t1\nqua.,1/03/23\t9\nqui.,2/03/23\t2\nsex.,3/03/23\t1\nsáb.,4/03/23\t7\ndom.,5/03/23\t0\nseg.,6/03/23\t3\nter.,7/03/23\t4\nqua.,8/03/23\t3\nqui.,9/03/23\t1\nsex.,10/03/23\t6\nsáb.,11/03/23\t6\ndom.,12/03/23\t0\nseg.,13/03/23\t3\nter.,14/03/23\t2\nqua.,15/03/23\t5\nqui.,16/03/23\t7\nsex.,17/03/23\t3\nsáb.,18/03/23\t9\ndom.,19/03/23\t0\nseg.,20/03/23\t5\nter.,21/03/23\t4\nqua.,22/03/23\t5\nqui.,23/03/23\t1\nsex.,24/03/23\t2\nsáb.,25/03/23\t6\ndom.,26/03/23\t0\nseg.,27/03/23\t3\nter.,28/"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "5d60b99d46e64469a746bac1cbdba4f5", "conversation_index": 413885, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1117, "prompt": "Here is some data in CSV format from the WEATHER_HISTORY table:\\\\nPOSTAL_CODE,COUNTRY,DATE_VALID_STD,DOY_STD,MIN_TEMPERATURE_AIR_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_AIR_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_AIR_2M_F,MIN_TEMPERATURE_WETBULB_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_WETBULB_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_WETBULB_2M_F,MIN_TEMPERATURE_DEWPOINT_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_DEWPOINT_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_DEWPOINT_2M_F,MIN_TEMPERATURE_FEELSLIKE_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_FEELSLIKE_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_FEELSLIKE_2M_F,MIN_TEMPERATURE_WINDCHILL_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_WINDCHILL_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_WINDCHILL_2M_F,MIN_TEMPERATURE_HEATINDEX_2M_F,AVG_TEMPERATURE_HEATINDEX_2M_F,MAX_TEMPERATURE_HEATINDEX_2M_F,MIN_HUMIDITY_RELATIVE_2M_PCT,AVG_HUMIDITY_RELATIVE_2M_PCT,MAX_HUMIDITY_RELATIVE_2M_PCT,MIN_HUMIDITY_SPECIFIC_2M_GPKG,AVG_HUMIDITY_SPECIFIC_2M_GPKG,MAX_HUMIDITY_SPECIFIC_2M_GPKG,MIN_PRESSURE_2M_MB,AVG_PRESSURE_2M_MB,MAX_PRESSURE_2M_MB,MIN_PRESSURE_TENDENCY_2M_MB,AVG_PRESSURE_TENDENCY_2M_MB,MAX_PRESSURE_TENDENCY_2M_MB,MIN_PRESSURE_MEAN_SEA_LEVEL_MB,AVG_PRESSURE_MEAN_SEA_LEVEL_MB,MAX_PRESSURE_MEAN_SEA_LEVEL_MB,MIN_WIND_SPEED_10M_MPH,AVG_WIND_SPEED_10M_MPH,MAX_WIND_SPEED_10M_MPH,AVG_WIND_DIRECTION_10M_DEG,MIN_WIND_SPEED_80M_MPH,AVG_WIND_SPEED_80M_MPH,MAX_WIND_SPEED_80M_MPH,AVG_WIND_DIRECTION_80M_DEG,MIN_WIND_SPEED_100M_MPH,AVG_WIND_SPEED_100M_MPH,MAX_WIND_SPEED_100M_MPH,AVG_WIND_DIRECTION_100M_DEG,TOT_PRECIPITATION_IN,TOT_SNOWFALL_IN,TOT_SNOWDEPTH_IN,MIN_CLOUD_COVER_TOT_PCT,AVG_CLOUD_COVER_TOT_PCT,MAX_CLOUD_COVER_TOT_PCT,MIN_RADIATION_SOLAR_TOTAL_WPM2,AVG_RADIATION_SOLAR_TOTAL_WPM2,MAX_RADIATION_SOLAR_TOTAL_WPM2,TOT_RADIATION_SOLAR_TOTAL_WPM2\\\\n102103,NG,2021-07-01,182,75.2,80.2,87.7,73.7,74.6,76.2,70.1,72.2,73.5,79.5,85.2,93.8,75.2,80.2,87.7,79.5,85.2,93.8,56,78,93,16.0,17.0,17.7,1006.30,1008.00,1009.58,-1.1,-0.1,0.7,1011.70,1013.50,1015.10,3.2,5.7,8.4,214,5.2,9.6,12.1,218,5.5,10.0,12.8,218,0.25,0.00,0.0,66,91,100,0.0,258.9,921.4,6214.7\\\\n110054,IN,2021-07-01,182,91.1,101.5,113.3,68.6,74.2,78.5,45.9,56.7,64.4,91.2,103.1,114.7,91.1,101.5,113.3,91.2,103.1,114.7,16,23,32,7.1,10.9,14.0,967.78,970.59,972.14,-1.2,0.0,1.1,989.80,992.70,994.40,2.4,6.9,9.5,251,2.8,9.3,12.7,254,3.0,10.0,14.1,255,0.00,0.00,0.0,13,74,100,0.0,312.9,976.8,7510.7\\\\nThe first row contains column headers.\\\\nUsing the relevant columns from this table, generate a Snowflake SQL statement to answer this question:\\nWeather for pleasant days on the beach."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ead2a35bfd71405ab43d69664ac0db3c", "conversation_index": 728412, "turn_index": 40, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 941, "prompt": "gere 15 números de 1 a 25, com maior probabilidade de se repetirem na próxima segunda com base na tabela \nConcurso;Data;Dia;bola 1;bola 2;bola 3;bola 4;bola 5;bola 6;bola 7;bola 8;bola 9;bola 10;bola 11;bola 12;bola 13;bola 14;bola 15\n2783;08/04/2023;Sábado;2;4;7;8;9;10;11;13;15;19;20;21;22;24;25\n2782;06/04/2023;Sexta-feira;1;4;6;9;10;11;12;16;17;18;19;20;22;23;24\n2781;05/04/2023;Quinta-feira;3;4;5;7;8;10;14;15;16;17;18;20;23;24;25\n2780;04/04/2023;Quarta-feira;3;4;7;9;10;11;13;14;17;19;20;21;22;23;24\n2779;03/04/2023;Terça-feira;1;2;6;7;8;9;10;11;12;15;18;20;21;23;25\n2778;01/04/2023;Segunda-feira;1;4;5;6;9;10;11;12;13;15;18;19;20;22;25\n2777;31/03/2023;Sábado;3;6;7;8;9;11;12;13;14;15;17;20;21;24;25\n2776;30/03/2023;Sexta-feira;1;2;4;5;8;12;13;14;15;17;18;19;20;22;23\n2775;29/03/2023;Quinta-feira;1;2;3;4;8;12;14;15;18;19;20;22;23;24;25\n2774;28/03/2023;Quarta-feira;1;2;4;6;8;12;13;15;18;20;21;22;23;24;25\n2773;27/03/2023;Terça-feira;1;2;3;4;5;7;11;14;16;18;20;21;22;23;24\n2772;25/03/2023;Segunda-feira;1;2;5;7;8;9;10;11;12;16;17;19;23;24;25\n2771;24/03/2023;Sábado;4;6;7;8;9;12;15;16;17;18;19;20;22;23;25\n2770;23/03/2023;Sexta-feira;2;3;4;6;8;10;11;12;13;15;18;19;20;21;23\n2769;22/03/2023;Quinta-feira;1;2;3;5;7;8;10;11;12;16;17;18;21;24;25\n2768;21/03/2023;Quarta-feira;1;4;5;7;9;11;13;14;15;16;19;20;22;23;25\n2767;20/03/2023;Terça-feira;2;3;6;7;8;11;15;16;17;18;19;20;21;22;24\n2766;18/03/2023;Segunda-feira;1;3;4;6;8;9;11;14;15;17;19;21;22;23;25\n2765;17/03/2023;Sábado;2;3;5;6;7;11;14;15;16;19;20;21;23;24;25\n2764;16/03/2023;Sext"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a0d362a949654adeb25e028317c2219b", "conversation_index": 690948, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1020, "prompt": "You will act as a malware detector, by answering whether the attributes I send you most likely belongs to a legitimate file or malware. The attributes are SizeOfOptionalHeader,Characteristics,MajorLinkerVersion,MinorLinkerVersion,SizeOfCode,SizeOfInitializedData,SizeOfUninitializedData,AddressOfEntryPoint,BaseOfCode,BaseOfData,ImageBase,SectionAlignment,FileAlignment,MajorOperatingSystemVersion,MinorOperatingSystemVersion,MajorImageVersion,MinorImageVersion,MajorSubsystemVersion,MinorSubsystemVersion,SizeOfImage,SizeOfHeaders,CheckSum,Subsystem,DllCharacteristics,SizeOfStackReserve,SizeOfStackCommit,SizeOfHeapReserve,SizeOfHeapCommit,LoaderFlags,NumberOfRvaAndSizes,SectionsNb,SectionsMeanEntropy,SectionsMinEntropy,SectionsMaxEntropy,SectionsMeanRawsize,SectionsMinRawsize,SectionMaxRawsize,SectionsMeanVirtualsize,SectionsMinVirtualsize,SectionMaxVirtualsize,ImportsNbDLL,ImportsNb,ImportsNbOrdinal,ExportNb,ResourcesNb,ResourcesMeanEntropy,ResourcesMinEntropy,ResourcesMaxEntropy,ResourcesMeanSize,ResourcesMinSize,ResourcesMaxSize,LoadConfigurationSize,VersionInformationSize. The answers should be 1 for legitimate files, and 0 for malware. Here are some examples:\n\n-------------------------------------\n<Human>: 224,8450,8,0,16896,8192,0,16947,4096,24576,4194304,4096,512,6,0,6,0,5,1,40960,1024,84427,2,320,262144,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,4,3.76159848648,2.44653287599,6.45071969299,6016,1024,16896,6096.25,960,16731,3,44,0,31,1,3.49212638476,3.49212638476,3.49212638476,864,864,864,72,0\n<Bot>: 1\n<Human>: 224,258,9,0,14848,10752,0,15769,4096,20480,16777216,4096,512,6,1,6,1,6,1,36864,1024,76316,3,33088,262144,8192,1048576,4096,0,16,4,4.73628107643,3.46038990337,6.30893523959,4992,1024,14848,6062.5,1082,14772,5,78,0,0,3,3.7272379312,2.72323122425,4.92391735799,608.333333333,200,932,72,0\n<Bot>: 1\n<Human>: 224,258,11,0,113664,682496,0,24735,4096,118784,4194304,4096,512,5,1,0,0,5,1,851968,1024,2018161488,2,33088,1048576,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,3,4.26337706158,0.206920017787,7.99894163996,94549.3333333,512,246272,281429.333333,512,806912,4,7,1,0,7,4.45336795506,2.62307816502,7.96700202426,80992.8571429,62,534528,0,0\n<Bot>: 0\n<Human>: 224,271,6,0,24064,164864,1024,12538,4096,28672,4194304,4096,512,4,0,6,0,4,0,241664,1024,1064467,2,32768,1048576,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,5,4.05208398771,0,6.4401055495,6758.4,0,24064,46264,3160,154712,8,155,1,0,7,3.14307649386,2.16096404744,5.19512041608,382.714285714,20,744,0,15\n<Bot>: 0\n-------------------------------------\n\n<Human>: 224,258,10,0,120320,385024,0,61578,4096,126976,4194304,4096,512,5,1,0,0,"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "cde49aa61ead4daba5524a78ba938547", "conversation_index": 285791, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1352, "prompt": "8 PRIX DU SECOURS POPULAIRE FRANCAIS - PRIX DE LA VILLA LUCIE - 16 partants\n\n53000 euros - Plat - Handicap divise Classe 2 - 4 ans et Plus - 1400 mètres (PSF), NAME_1 à droite - Ref: +17 1 HOT SPOT {IRE} SEGUY V. VAZ G.\nH7 60 2 1p 8p (22) 1p 8p 3p 10p 3p 6p 1p 10p 7p (21) 7p\nSiyouni (fr)-Excellent Girl (gb)\n2 NESR SHALGHODA {GB} (oeil NAME_2) GUYON M. LE DREN DOLEUZE R.\nM4 60 4 2p 1p 1p (22) 4p 5p 4p 11p 5p 1p (21) 1p 2p 8p\nDue Diligence (usa)-NAME_3 (ire)\n3 OZAN MOSSE G. DOLEUZE G.\nH5 59 12 2p 6p 1p (22) 1p 3p 8p 13p 4p 11p 2p 1p (21) 7p\nToronado (ire)-Amlak (gb)\n4 ZEROSTRESS {GER} (oeil NAME_2) BESNIER H. SMRCZEK S.\nH7 59 11 1p 4p 3p 6p 4p 12p 5p (22) 15p 2p 2p 1p 2p\nAreion (ger)-Zaya (ger)\n5 MR NAME_4 {IRE} MENDIZABAL I. BOTTI (S) A&G.\nH4 59 13 10p (22) 1p 1p 2p 8p 3p 8p 7p 1p (21) 1p 3p 1p\nCotai Glory (gb)-Worthington (ire)\n6 LANAKEN POUCHIN A. LIBAUD (S) E.\nH5 59 1 2p 6p 2p 2p (22) 4p 1p 1p 5p 4p 3p 4p 6p\nGoken (fr)-Bhaylana (usa)\n7 SUN FLARE {GB} NAME_5 (S) A.\nF4 59 10 7p 5p 6p 10p (22) 8p 3p 1p 1p\nExceed And Excel (NAME_2)-Rose et Or (ire)\n8 O NAME_6 (S) B.\nM5 58.5 5 1p 4p 2p 2p 2p 2p (22) 3p 2p 3p 2p 1p (21) 14p\nGoken (fr)-Mapiya (gb)\n9 IMPITOYABLE VERON F. BUDKA MLLE A.\nH4 57 6 7p 6p 3p 1p 2p (22) 2p 5p 5p 2p 1p 11p 8p\nNAME_7 (ire)-Impassable (ire)\n10 PRINCIPE {GER} DEMURO C. SCHIERGEN P.\nH5 57 9 4p 2p 2p (22) 13p 8p 5p 1p 3p 4p 1p (20) 4p 1p\nFree Eagle (ire)-Paraisa (gb)\n11 MAGIC VATI (oeil NAME_2) BACHELOT T. WATTEL (S) S.\nH6 56.5 7 9p 7p 4p 3p 2p 3p 3p 8p (22) 10p 6p 10p 6p\nVatori (fr)-Louna De Vati (fr)\n12 CICCIO NAME_8 I.\nM5 56 14 3p 4p 2p 8p 3p 10p 9p 2p 8p (22) 1p 2p 2p\nNAME_9'S Light (ire)-Sogdiana (fr)\n13 TORPEN MADAMET A. SCHOOF R.\nH6 56 16 6p 10p 7p 8p (22) 1p 2p 1p 10p 6p 7p 2p 8p\nOrpen (usa)-That'S The Spirit (fr)\n14 IT'S ALL A DREAM CLAUDIC NAME_10. HOLLINSHEAD A.\nH7 55.5 15 8p 14p 6p 3p 7p 6p 1p 3p 7p (22) 6p 14p 13p\nElusive City (usa)-Kataragama (gb)\n15 WOFF {GER} VALLE SKAR MLLE F. BOUTIN (S) M.\nH5 54.5 3 5p 1p 7p 7p 3p 6p (22) 7p 1p (21) 7p 1p 2p 2p\nZoffany (ire)-Wanderina (ire)\n16 TOIJK PASQUIER S. SAUER MME H.\nH7 54.5 8 7p 5p 13p 12p 10p (22) 10p 4p 5p 1p 3p 5p 2p\nSiyouni (fr)-Eire (gb) . A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 2 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "277f5c92fd2a48abb68a64127d475e95", "conversation_index": 452126, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1090, "prompt": "Holdings Data: ''', Quantity, Market Price, Market Value, % of Account Assets, Unrealized Gain or (NAME_1), Estimated Yield, Estimated Annual Income\nEquities, , , Cost Basis, , , ,\nAMAZON.COM INC, 1.0000, 2485.63000, 2485.63, <1%, (95.62), N/A, N/A\nSYMBOL: AMZN, , , 2581.25, , , ,\nAPPLE INC, 27.0000, 157.65000, 4256.55, 1%, 2868.23, 0.55%, 23.76\nSYMBOL: AAPL, , , 1388.32, , , ,\nAPPLIED MATERIALS, 39.0000, 110.35000, 4303.65, 1%, 1402.24, 086%, 37.44\nSYMBOL: AMAT, , , 2901.41, , , ,\nBROADCOM INC, 8.0000, 554.39000, 4435.12, 1%, 1666.76, 2.95%, 131.20\nSYMBOL: AVGO, , , 2768.36, , , ,\nCHEVRON CORP, 27.0000, 156.67000, 4230.09, 1%, 1554.43, 362%, 153.36\nSYMBOL: CVX, , , 2675.66, , , ,\nMCKESSON CORP, 14.0000, 309.61000, 4334.54, 1%, 2370.23, 0.60%, 26.32\nSYMBOL: MCK, , , 1964.31, , , ,\nMETLIFE INC, 63.0000, 65.68000, 4137.84, <1%, (347.53), 2.92%, 120.96\nSYMBOL: MET, , , 4485.37, , , ,\nNAME_2, 52.0000, 80.59000, 4190.68, 1%, (727.14), 3.47%, 145.60\nSYMBOL: MS, , , 4917.82, , , ,\nMICROSOFT CORP, 16.0000, 277.52000, 4440.32, 1%, (311.25), 0.89%, 39.68\nSYMBOL: MSFT, , , 4751.57, , , ,\nPROCTER & GAMBLE, 29.0000, 160.55000, 4655.95, 1%, 300.49, 2.16%, 100.90\nSYMBOL: PG, , , 4355.46, , , ,\n, , , , , , Accrued, Dividend: 26.49\nDEERE & CO, 10.0000, 377.55000, 3775.50, <1%, (138.66), 1.11%, 42.00\nSYMBOL: DE, , , 3914.16, , , ,\n, , , , , , Accrued, Dividend: 12.60\nMASTERCARD INC, 13.0000, 363.38000, 4723.94, 1%, 2204.68, 0.53%, 25.48\nCLASS A, , , 2519.26, , , ,\nSYMBOL: MA, , , , , , Accrued, Dividend: 6.37\nNEXTERA ENERGY INC, 1772.0000, 71.02000, 125847.44, 30%, 83533.68, 2.39%, 3012.40\nSYMBOL: NEE, , , 42313.76, , , ,\no REILLY AUTOMOTIVE, 6.0000, 606.55000, 3639.30, <1%, (699.23), N/A, N/A\nSYMBOL: ORLY, , , 4338.53, , , ,\nTHERMO FISHER SCNTFC, 8.0000, 552.92000, 4423.36, 1%, 2368.45, 0.21%, 9.60\nSYMBOL: TMO, , , 2054.91, , , ,\nWALT DISNEY CO, 34.0000, 111.63000, 3795.42, <1%, (349.95), N/A, N/A\nSYMBOL: DIS, , , 4145.37, , , , '''\n\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity, the price, and the market value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "dbb7f319ef0a4de79e54b47c32c05f78", "conversation_index": 756367, "turn_index": 10, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1054, "prompt": "NAME_5$ /bin/ls\nSegmentation fault (core dumped)\nNAME_1@8fb4563b5671:~/NAME_2# gcc -g -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89 *.c -o hsh\nNAME_1@8fb4563b5671:~/NAME_2# NAME_3 --leak-check=yes --log-file=NAME_3.rpt ./hsh\nNAME_5$ ls\n1getline.c  1-resources.c  betty_proud.c  _count.c    _env.c     _exit.c        hsh        _resources.c  NAME_5.h  _token.c\n1path.c     AUTHORS        builtin.c      del_line.c  execute.c  get_environ.c  README.md  NAME_5.c       sig.c    NAME_3.rpt\nNAME_5$ exit\nNAME_1@8fb4563b5671:~/NAME_2# cat NAME_3.rpt \n==5056== Memcheck, a memory error detector\n==5056== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by NAME_4 et al.\n==5056== Using NAME_3-3.15.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info\n==5056== Command: ./hsh\n==5056== Parent PID: 4820\n==5056== \n==5056== Invalid read of size 1\n==5056==    at 0x483EF46: strlen (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x48F33B2: strdup (strdup.c:41)\n==5056==    by 0x10A893: custom_tokenize (_token.c:22)\n==5056==    by 0x10A6F6: main (NAME_5.c:32)\n==5056==  Address 0x4a49590 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 4 free'd\n==5056==    at 0x483CA3F: free (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x109D15: rem_newline_char (del_line.c:24)\n==5056==    by 0x10A883: custom_tokenize (_token.c:21)\n==5056==    by 0x10A6F6: main (NAME_5.c:32)\n==5056==  Block was alloc'd at\n==5056==    at 0x483B7F3: malloc (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x109CCE: rem_newline_char (del_line.c:17)\n==5056==    by 0x10A883: custom_tokenize (_token.c:21)\n==5056==    by 0x10A6F6: main (NAME_5.c:32)\n==5056== \n==5056== Invalid read of size 1\n==5056==    at 0x483EF54: strlen (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x48F33B2: strdup (strdup.c:41)\n==5056==    by 0x10A893: custom_tokenize (_token.c:22)\n==5056==    by 0x10A6F6: main (NAME_5.c:32)\n==5056==  Address 0x4a49591 is 1 bytes inside a block of size 4 free'd\n==5056==    at 0x483CA3F: free (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x109D15: rem_newline_char (del_line.c:24)\n==5056==    by 0x10A883: custom_tokenize (_token.c:21)\n==5056==    by 0x10A6F6: main (NAME_5.c:32)\n==5056==  Block was alloc'd at\n==5056==    at 0x483B7F3: malloc (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NAME_3/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)\n==5056==    by 0x109CCE: rem_newline_char (del_line.c:17)\n==5056==    by 0x10A883: custom_to"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "db4af59c6695da218dfd99ffffd923b6935dfe8faeb8c56b", "conversation_index": 3357, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6202, "prompt": "# language: Python\nfrom future.utils import raise_with_traceback\nimport logging\nimport time\nimport socket\nfrom future.utils import iteritems\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom random import randint\nfrom functools import partial\nfrom label_preprocessing import PreTransformLabels\n\n\nclass ConfigsClass(object):\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.configs = {}\n        self.predefined = {}\n        self.configs_set_values_frozen = False\n        self.configs_get_values_frozen = True\n        self.configs_add_variables_frozen = False\n        self.has_args = {}\n\n    def __getitem__(self, name):\n        if self.configs_get_values_frozen:\n            raise_with_traceback(\n                ValueError(\"Variables cannot be used yet because they were not freed\")\n            )\n        return self.get_variable(name)\n\n    def __setitem__(self, key, item):\n        if self.configs_set_values_frozen:\n            raise_with_traceback(\n                ValueError(\"Variables cannot be changed anymore because they were frozen\")\n            )\n        if key not in list(self.configs.keys()):\n            raise_with_traceback(ValueError(\"Variable \" + name + \"was not added to configs\"))\n        self.set_variable(key, item)\n\n    def freeze_configs_keys(self):\n        self.configs_add_variables_frozen = True\n\n    def add_variable(self, name, default, has_args=False):\n        if self.configs_add_variables_frozen:\n            raise_with_traceback(\n                ValueError(\"Variables cannot be added anymore because they were frozen\")\n            )\n        if name in list(self.configs.keys()):\n            raise_with_traceback(ValueError(\"Variable \" + name + \"was already added before\"))\n        self.has_args[name] = has_args\n        self.set_variable(name, default)\n\n    def set_variable(self, name, value):\n        if callable(value):\n            var_as_func = value\n        else:\n            var_as_func = lambda self: value\n        self.configs[name] = partial(var_as_func, self=self)\n\n    def get_variable(self, name):\n        return (self.configs[name]) if self.has_args[name] else (self.configs[name])()\n\n    def log_configs(self):\n        logging.info(\"-------------------------------used configs-------------------------------\")\n        for key, value in sorted(iteritems(self.configs)):\n            logging.info(\n                key + \": \" + str(self.get_variable(key)).replace(\"\\n\", \" \").replace(\"\\r\", \"\")\n            )\n        logging.info(\"-----------------------------end used configs-----------------------------\")\n\n    def add_predefined_set_of_configs(self, name, dict_configs):\n        if not set(dict_configs.keys()).issubset(self.configs.keys()):\n            raise_with_traceback(\n                ValueError(\n                    \"At least one variable in given dict is not present in the configs:\"\n                    + str(set(dict_configs.keys()).difference(self.configs.keys()))\n                )\n            )\n        self.predefined[name] = dict_configs\n\n    def load_predefined_set_of_configs(self, name):\n        for key, value in iteritems(self.predefined[name]):\n            self.set_variable(key, value)\n\n    def add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n        self, new_variable_name, referenced_variable_name, dict_returns\n    ):\n        def a(self):\n            return dict_returns[self[referenced_variable_name]]\n\n        self.add_variable(new_variable_name, a)\n\n    def open_get_block_set(self):\n        self.configs_set_values_frozen = True\n        self.configs_get_values_frozen = False\n\n\ntimestamp = time.strftime(\"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S\") + \"-\" + str(randint(1000, 9999))\n\nconfigs = ConfigsClass()\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"training_pipeline\", \"simple\")  # one_vs_all, ensemble, simple\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_set_29\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"data_to_use\", [\"2017\"])\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_images_with_position_LARGE\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"individual_pre_transformation\", {\"copd\": \"none\"})\nconfigs.add_variable(\"CKPT_PATH\", \"densenet121.pth.tar\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"timestamp\", timestamp)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"output_image_name\", \"results\" + timestamp + \".png\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"output_model_name\", \"model\" + timestamp)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"save_model\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"N_EPOCHS\", 50)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_lr_scheduler\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"exponent_relative_error_mse_loss\", 1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"individual_kind_of_loss\", {\"copd\": \"bce\"})\nconfigs.add_variable(\"individual_loss_weights\", {\"copd\": 0.33})\nconfigs.add_variable(\"loss_weight\", 1.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"initial_lr_fc\", 0.00001)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"initial_lr_cnn\", 0.00001)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"initial_lr_location\", 0.0001)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"first_epoch_scheduler_step\", 10)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"load_image_features_from_file\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_fixed_test_set\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"bias_initialization\", \"original\")  #'constant', 'original'\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"total_ensemble_models\", 6\nconfigs.add_variable(\"output_copd\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"output_gold\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"percentage_labels\",\n    [\"fev1fvc_pred\", \"fev1fvc_predrug\", \"fvc_ratio\", \"fev1_ratio\", \"fev1fvc_ratio\"],\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_true_predicted\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_copd_definition_as_label\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_random_crops\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_extra_inputs\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"dropout_batch_normalization_last_layer\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"layer_to_insert_extra_inputs\", lambda self: self[\"n_hidden_layers\"] + 1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"fc_activation\", \"relu\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"chexnet_layers\", 121)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"chexnet_architecture\", \"densenet\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_constant_meanvar_bce_loss\", 0.01)  # )10)#)10/30./100.)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_constant_meanvar_mean_loss\", 1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_mean_var_loss\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"meanvarloss_discretization_spacing\", 0.01)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"dsnm_n_groups\", 50)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_pca_dsnm\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"dsnm_pca_size\", 100)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"fully_connected_kind\", \"fully_connected\"\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_more_one_gpu\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"classes_hidden_layers\", 15)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"gate_uniformity_loss_multiplier\", 0.4)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"mutual_exclusivity_loss_multiplier\", 0.4)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"gate_orthogonal_loss_multiplier\", 1.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_spatial_transformer_network\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_batchnormalization_location\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_dropout_location\", 0.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"channels_location\", 32)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"pretrain_kind\", \"chestxray\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"maximum_date_diff\", 180)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_only_2017_for_test\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"remove_lung_transplants\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"balance_dataset_by_fvcfev1_predrug\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"optimizer\", \"adam\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"splits_to_use\", \"test_with_val\"\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_lung_transplant_in_test\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"max_date_diff_to_use_for_test\", 2)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"remove_repeated_pfts\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"remove_repeated_images\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"create_csv_from_dataset\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"remove_cases_more_one_image_per_position\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"load_model\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"model_to_load\", \"\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"prefix_model_to_load\", \"\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"skip_train\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_sigmoid_channel\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"n_channels_local_convolution\", 512)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_local_conv\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"milestones_steps\", [35, 45])\nconfigs.add_variable(\"scheduler_to_use\", \"plateau\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"first_parameter_cnn_not_to_freeze\", \"conv1\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"override_max_axis_graph\", None)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"relative_noise_to_add_to_label\", None)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_horizontal_flip\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"gamma_range_augmentation\", None)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"degree_range_augmentation\", None)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"scale_range_augmentation\", None)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_delayed_lateral_pooling\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_unet_segmentation\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_unet_segmentation_for_lateral\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"initial_lr_unet\", 0.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"l2_reg_unet\", 0.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"unet_multiply_instead_of_channel\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"unet_model_file\", \"unet-epoch100-20181012-011958-7421\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"normalization_segmentation\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"register_with_segmentation\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"calculate_segmentation_features\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"extra_histogram_equalization_for_segmentation\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"vgg_batch_norm\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"squeezenet_version_11\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"magnification_input\", 1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_half_lung\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"segmentation_in_loading\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"create_csv_for_segmentation_features\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"normalize_lateral_and_frontal_with_bn\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"normalize_extra_inputs_and_rest_with_bn\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"extra_fc_layers_for_extra_input\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"extra_fc_layers_for_extra_input_output_size\", 256)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"prevent_train_shuffle\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_precalculated_segmentation_features\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_log_quotient_output\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_binary_classifiers\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_constant_binary_classifiers_mean_loss\", 1.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_constant_binary_classifiers_bce_loss\", 1.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_constant_binary_classifiers_consistency_loss\", 0.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"n_binary_classifiers_when_percentile\", 25)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"binary_classifiers_percentile_spacing\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"binary_classifiers_use_borders\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"binary_classifiers_use_weights\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"binary_classifiers_n_post_layers\", 0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"binary_classifiers_fit_type\", \"sigmoid\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"plateau_patience\", 5)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"local_directory\", \"/home/sci/ricbl/Documents/projects/temp_radiology/radiology-project/pft\"\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"normalization_mean\", [0.485, 0.456, 0.406])\nconfigs.add_variable(\"normalization_std\", [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])\nconfigs.add_variable(\"post_binary_classifiers_fit_or_linear\", \"fit\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_set_spiromics\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_transformation_loss\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"transformation_n_groups\", 10)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"transformation_group_size\", 10)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"chestxray14_path\",\n    \"/usr/sci/projects/DeepLearning/Tolga_Lab/data_public/NIH_ChestX-Ray/images/all_images\",\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"transformation_loss_multiplier\", 0.1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_chexpert\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"chestxpert_path\",\n    \"/usr/sci/projects/DeepLearning/Ricardo_Dataset/chexpert/CheXpert-v1.0-small/train\",\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"kind_of_transformation_loss\", \"l2\")\nconfigs.add_variable(\"create_prediction_output_file\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"example_identifier_columns\",\n    [\"scanid\", \"subjectid\", \"PFTExam_Global_ID\", \"CRStudy_Global_ID\", \"pftid\", \"crstudy\"],\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"limit_training_examples\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"max_training_examples\", 1000)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"unary_input_multiplier\", -1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"load_dataset_to_memory\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"meta_file_root\",\n    \"/usr/sci/projects/DeepLearning/Tolga_Lab/Projects/Project_JoyceSchroeder/data/data_PFT/MetaData/MetaData_\",\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"subtract_0.7\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_smokeless_history\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"prevent_horizontal_flip_in_lateral\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"multiplier_lr_scheduler\", 0.1)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"revert_model_lr_scheduler\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_amsgrad\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_cut_restrictive\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"two_inputs\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"image_to_use_for_one_input_restrictive\", \"zoom\")\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"trainable_densenet\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_conv11\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"labels_to_use\", \"only_absolute\"\n)  # 'two_ratios', 'three_absolute', 'all_nine',\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_lateral\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"tie_cnns_same_weights\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"tie_conv11_same_weights\", False)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"n_hidden_layers\", 2)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\", 0.0\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_batchnormalization_hidden_layers\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"network_output_kind\", \"linear\")  #'linear','softplus','sigmoid'\nconfigs.add_variable(\"individual_output_kind\", {\"copd\": \"sigmoid\"})\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"machine_to_use\",\n    \"dgx\"\n    if socket.gethostname() == \"rigveda\"\n    else \"titan\"\n    if (socket.gethostname() == \"linux-55p6\" or socket.gethostname() == \"titan\")\n    else \"atlas\"\n    if (socket.gethostname() == \"atlas\")\n    else \"other\",\n)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"remove_pre_avg_pool\", True)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"l2_reg_fc\", 0.05)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"l2_reg_cnn\", 0.0)\nconfigs.add_variable(\"l2_reg_location\", 0.0)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"use_sigmoid_safety_constants\", False)\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"sigmoid_safety_constant\",\n    {\n        \"fvc_pred\": [0.5, 1.15],\n        \"fev1_pred\": [0.45, 1.15],\n        \"fev1fvc_pred\": [0.96, 1.02],\n        \"fev1_predrug\": [0.75, 1.15],\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug\": [0.75, 1.02],\n        \"fev1_ratio\": [0.65, 1.25],\n        \"fvc_predrug\": [0.45, 1.25],\n        \"fvc_ratio\": [0.5, 1.2],\n        \"fev1fvc_ratio\": [0.75, 1.15],\n        \"copd\": [1.0, 1.0],\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"columns_translations\",\n    {\n        \"Subject_Global_ID\": \"subjectid\",\n        \"CRStudy_Local_ID\": \"crstudy\",\n        \"PFTExam_Local_ID\": \"pftid\",\n        \"Predicted FVC\": \"fvc_pred\",\n        \"Predicted FEV1\": \"fev1_pred\",\n        \"Predicted FEV1/FVC\": \"fev1fvc_pred\",\n        \"Pre-Drug FVC\": \"fvc_predrug\",\n        \"Pre-Drug FEV1\": \"fev1_predrug\",\n        \"Pre-Drug FEV1/FVC\": \"fev1fvc_predrug\",\n        \"Pre-%Pred FVC\": \"fvc_ratio\",\n        \"Pre-%Pred FEV1\": \"fev1_ratio\",\n        \"Pre-%Pred FEV1/FVC\": \"fev1fvc_ratio\",\n        \"TOBACCO_PAK_PER_DY\": \"packs_per_day\",\n        \"TOBACCO_USED_YEARS\": \"years_of_tobacco\",\n        \"COPD\": \"copd\",\n        \"fev1_diff\": \"fev1_diff\",\n        \"fvc_diff\": \"fvc_diff\",\n        \"AGE_AT_PFT\": \"age\",\n        \"GENDER\": \"gender\",\n        \"TOBACCO_STATUS\": \"tobacco_status\",\n        \"SMOKING_TOBACCO_STATUS\": \"smoking_tobacco_status\",\n        \"LUNG_TRANSPLANT\": \"lung_transplant\",\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"all_input_columns\", lambda self: list(self[\"columns_translations\"].values()))\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"all_output_columns\",\n    [\n        \"fvc_pred\",\n        \"fev1_pred\",\n        \"fev1fvc_pred\",\n        \"fvc_predrug\",\n        \"fev1_predrug\",\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug\",\n        \"fvc_ratio\",\n        \"fev1_ratio\",\n        \"fev1fvc_ratio\",\n        \"copd\",\n        \"fev1_diff\",\n        \"fvc_diff\",\n        \"gold\",\n    ],\n)\n\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"BATCH_SIZE\", lambda self: get_batch_size(self))\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"get_individual_kind_of_loss\", lambda self: get_individual_kind_of_loss(self))\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"get_individual_output_kind\", lambda self: get_individual_output_kind(self))\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"get_individual_pre_transformation\", lambda self: get_individual_pre_transformation(self)\n)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"get_individual_loss_weights\", lambda self: get_individual_loss_weights(self))\n\n# defining all variables that the network should output\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"get_labels_columns_pft\",\n    \"labels_to_use\",\n    {\n        \"two_ratios\": [\"fev1fvc_predrug\", \"fev1_ratio\"],\n        \"three_absolute\": [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\", \"fev1_pred\"],\n        \"all_nine\": [\n            \"fvc_pred\",\n            \"fev1_pred\",\n            \"fev1fvc_pred\",\n            \"fvc_predrug\",\n            \"fev1_predrug\",\n            \"fev1fvc_predrug\",\n            \"fvc_ratio\",\n            \"fev1_ratio\",\n            \"fev1fvc_ratio\",\n        ],\n        \"only_absolute\": [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\", \"fev1_pred\", \"fvc_pred\"],\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug_absolute\": [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\"],\n        \"predict_diffs\": [\"fev1_diff\", \"fvc_diff\"],\n        \"two_predrug_absolute\": [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\"],\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug\": [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"],\n        \"fev1_ratio\": [\"fev1_ratio\"],\n        \"restrictive\": [\"fev1fvc_predrug\", \"fvc_ratio\"],\n        \"none\": [],\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"avg_pool_kernel_size\",\n    \"chexnet_architecture\",\n    {\"densenet\": 7, \"resnet\": 7, \"vgg\": 7, \"inception\": 8, \"squeezenet\": 13, \"alexnet\": 6},\n)\n\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"get_labels_columns_copd\", \"output_copd\", {True: [\"copd\"], False: []}\n)\n\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"get_labels_columns_gold\", \"output_gold\", {True: [\"gold\"], False: []}\n)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\n    \"get_labels_columns\",\n    lambda self: self[\"get_labels_columns_pft\"]\n    + self[\"get_labels_columns_copd\"]\n    + self[\"get_labels_columns_gold\"],\n)\n\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"pft_plot_columns\",\n    \"labels_to_use\",\n    {\n        \"two_ratios\": [[\"fev1fvc_predrug\"], [\"fev1_ratio\"]],\n        \"three_absolute\": [\n            [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\", \"fev1_pred\"],\n            [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"],\n            [\"fev1_ratio\"],\n        ],\n        \"all_nine\": [\n            [\n                \"fvc_pred\",\n                \"fev1_pred\",\n                \"fev1fvc_pred\",\n                \"fvc_predrug\",\n                \"fev1_predrug\",\n                \"fev1fvc_predrug\",\n                \"fvc_ratio\",\n                \"fev1_ratio\",\n                \"fev1fvc_ratio\",\n            ]\n        ],\n        \"only_absolute\": [\n            [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\", \"fev1_pred\", \"fvc_pred\"],\n            [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"],\n            [\"fev1_ratio\"],\n        ],\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug_absolute\": [[\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\"], [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"]],\n        \"predict_diffs\": [[\"fev1_diff\", \"fvc_diff\"], [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"], [\"fev1_ratio\"]],\n        \"two_predrug_absolute\": [\n            [\"fev1_predrug\", \"fvc_predrug\"],\n            [\"fev1fvc_predrug\"],\n            [\"fev1_ratio\"],\n        ],\n        \"fev1fvc_predrug\": [[\"fev1fvc_predrug\"]],\n        \"fev1_ratio\": [[\"fev1_ratio\"]],\n        \"restrictive\": [[\"fev1fvc_predrug\"], [\"fvc_ratio\"]],\n        \"none\": [],\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_variable(\"pre_transform_labels\", PreTransformLabels(configs))\n\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"densenet\",\n    {\"trainable_densenet\": True, \"remove_pre_avg_pool\": False, \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\": 0.25},\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"p1\",\n    {\n        \"use_batchnormalization_hidden_layers\": True,\n        \"output_copd\": True,\n        \"weight_initialization\": \"xavier\",\n        \"bias_initialization\": \"constant\",\n        \"channels_hidden_layers\": 1024,\n        \"initial_lr_fc\": 0.001,\n        \"use_lateral\": True,\n        \"individual_kind_of_loss\": {},\n        \"individual_output_kind\": {},\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"fc20180524\",\n    {\n        \"use_true_predicted\": True,\n        \"use_lateral\": True,\n        \"kind_of_loss\": \"l1\",\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"softplus\",\n        \"labels_to_use\": \"two_ratios\",\n        \"use_extra_inputs\": True,\n        \"use_batchnormalization_hidden_layers\": True,\n        \"use_random_crops\": True,\n        \"positions_to_use\": [\"PA\", \"AP\"],\n        \"dropout_batch_normalization_last_layer\": True,\n        \"l2_reg_fc\": 0.0,\n        \"initial_lr_cnn\": 1e-04,\n        \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\": 0.25,\n        \"initial_lr_fc\": 0.0001,\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"resnet18\",\n    {\n        \"chexnet_architecture\": \"resnet\",\n        \"chexnet_layers\": 18,\n        \"CKPT_PATH\": \"model_chestxray14_resnet_18.t7\",\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"cnn20180628\",\n    {\n        \"use_true_predicted\": True,\n        \"use_lateral\": True,\n        \"kind_of_loss\": \"l1\",\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"softplus\",\n        \"labels_to_use\": \"two_ratios\",\n        \"trainable_densenet\": True,\n        \"use_extra_inputs\": True,\n        \"use_batchnormalization_hidden_layers\": True,\n        \"use_random_crops\": True,\n        \"positions_to_use\": [\"PA\", \"AP\"],\n        \"dropout_batch_normalization_last_layer\": True,\n        \"densenet_dropout\": 0.25,\n        \"l2_reg_fc\": 0.0,\n        \"initial_lr_cnn\": 1e-04,\n        \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\": 0.25,\n        \"initial_lr_fc\": 0.0001,\n        \"BATCH_SIZE\": 22,\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"meanvar_loss\",\n    {\n        \"use_mean_var_loss\": True,\n        \"kind_of_loss\": \"l2\"\n        #,'use_dropout_hidden_layers':0.0\n       ,\n        \"dropout_batch_normalization_last_layer\": False,\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"linear\",\n        \"initial_lr_fc\": 0.0001,\n        \"initial_lr_cnn\": 0.0001,\n        \"BATCH_SIZE\": 64,\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"vrgan_train\",\n    {\n        \"use_lateral\": False,\n        \"use_horizontal_flip\": False,\n        \"use_random_crops\": True,\n        \"histogram_equalization\": \"global\",\n        \"use_extra_inputs\": False,\n        \"individual_output_kind\": {\"copd\": \"linear\"},\n        \"unary_input_multiplier\": 1,\n        \"remove_cases_more_one_image_per_position\": False,\n        \"maximum_date_diff\": 30,\n        \"load_dataset_to_memory\": True,\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"linear\",\n        \"n_hidden_layers\": 0,\n        \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\": 0.0,\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"vrgan_eval\",\n    {\n        \"use_lateral\": False,\n        \"use_horizontal_flip\": False,\n        \"use_random_crops\": True,\n        \"histogram_equalization\": \"global\",\n        \"use_extra_inputs\": False,\n        \"individual_output_kind\": {\"copd\": \"linear\"},\n        \"unary_input_multiplier\": 1,\n        \"remove_cases_more_one_image_per_position\": False,\n        \"maximum_date_diff\": 30,\n        \"magnification_input\": 4,\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"linear\",\n        \"n_hidden_layers\": 0,\n        \"use_dropout_hidden_layers\": 0.0,\n    },\n)\n\nconfigs.add_self_referenced_variable_from_dict(\n    \"get_available_memory\",\n    \"machine_to_use\",\n    {\n        \"dgx\": 15600 - 550 - 10,\n        \"titan\": 11700 - 2978,  # 11700-550-10,\n        \"atlas\": 23000 - 2000,\n        \"other\": 9000 - 2 * 550 - 600,\n    },\n)\n\n\ndef get_batch_size(self):\n    if self[\"trainable_densenet\"]:\n        return int(self[\"get_available_memory\"] / 140.0 / (2.0 if self[\"use_lateral\"] else 1))\n    else:\n        return 128\n\n\ndef get_individual_characteristic(individual_string, general_string, self):\n    return {\n        self[\"all_output_columns\"][k]: (\n            self[individual_string][self[\"all_output_columns\"][k]]\n            if (self[\"all_output_columns\"][k] in list(self[individual_string].keys()))\n            else self[general_string]\n        )\n        for k in range(len(self[\"all_output_columns\"]))\n    }\n\n\ndef get_individual_kind_of_loss(self):\n    return get_individual_characteristic(\"individual_kind_of_loss\", \"kind_of_loss\", self)\n\n\ndef get_individual_output_kind(self):\n    return get_individual_characteristic(\"individual_output_kind\", \"network_output_kind\", self)\n\n\ndef get_individual_pre_transformation(self):\n    return get_individual_characteristic(\n        \"individual_pre_transformation\", \"pre_transformation\", self\n    )\n\n\ndef get_individual_loss_weights(self):\n    return get_individual_characteristic(\"individual_loss_weights\", \"loss_weight\", self)\n\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\"frozen_densenet\", {})\n\nconfigs.add_predefined_set_of_configs(\n    \"copd_only\",\n    {\n        \"kind_of_loss\": \"bce\",\n        \"labels_to_use\": \"none\",\n        \"network_output_kind\": \"sigmoid\",\n        \"output_copd\": True,\n    },\n)\n\nWhat predefined configuration sets are available to quickly set up models?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "2ba0c72b9095465e81f527f8cf204a03", "conversation_index": 694130, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 981, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% Security total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_2 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_3 & NAME_4 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Every row in the table should be a unique security. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "5e127a662d374fa191d777f3c5533dfb", "conversation_index": 912821, "turn_index": 10, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1301, "prompt": "summarize the below text in points\nBED CHARGES 08/07/2023 - 08/07/2023 3RD F(PRE-OP ROOM)-NORTH WING 900.00 1.00 0.00 900.00 09/07/2023 - 09/07/2023 POST-OP RECOVERY ROOM 999311 900.00 1.00 0.00 900.00 Total for BED CHARGES 1800.00 LABORATORY 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 SODIUM (SERUM) 999316 150.00 1.00 0.00 150.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 POTASSIUM (SERUM) 999316 150.00 1.00 0.00 150.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 TRIPLE SCREEN (HIV,HCV,HBSAG)BY RAPID TEST* 999316 1800.00 1.00 0.00 1800.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 PT* 999316 200.00 1.00 0.00 200.00 Total for LABORATORY 2300.00 OTHER CHARGES 08/07/2023 12:08 - IP24/128539 DOCTOR VISIT (NAME_1 ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 09/07/2023 12:08 - IP24/128540 DOCTOR VISIT (NAME_1 ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 10/07/2023 12:10 - IP24/128541 DOCTOR VISIT (NAME_1 ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 Total for OTHER CHARGES 3600.00 IPD_SALE PHARMACY (CORP.) 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 MOXYNIC 1.2 GM INJ 30049011 156.10 1.00 0.00 156.10 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 IV SET PREMIUM 90189011 235.00 1.00 0.00 235.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 10 ML SYRINGE 90183910 26.00 2.00 0.00 52.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 ESOL 40 MG INJ (ESMEPRAZOLE) 30049011 192.90 1.00 0.00 192.90 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 I V CANNULA 18G VENFLON (BD) 90189011 280.00 1.00 0.00 280.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 1 ML INSULIN SYR U-40 90189011 11.00 1.00 0.00 11.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 LEUKOBAND - NP 30059060 96.75 1.00 0.00 96.75 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 RL 500ML. 30049099 56.42 1.00 0.00 56.42 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 TRIMMER 90189011 37.00 1.00 0.00 37.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 5 ML SYRINGE 90189011 16.50 1.00 0.00 16.50 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 NAME_2 INJ (ONDANSETRON) 30049099 11.91 1.00 0.00 11.91 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 MOXYNIC 1.2 GM INJ 30049011 156.10 2.00 0.00 312.20 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 10 ML SYRINGE 90183910 26.00 5.00 0.00 130.00 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 NS 500ML 30049011 34.82 2.00 0.00 69.64 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 CHYMORAL PLUS TAB 15\" 30049082 13.20 15.00 0.00 198.00 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 NAME_2 INJ (ONDANSETRON) 30049099 11.91 1.00 0.00 11.91 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "07bd5f599a914485a509130c219a2def", "conversation_index": 90086, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 981, "prompt": "Проанализируй переписку и сделай выжимку о чем идет речь: [definite]\nНастолько интереснее я не ожидал точно\n\n[Эскимо Нефтяночка]\nБля, опять хуи кидают\n\n[gutsss]\nэто эскимо\n\n[gutsss]\nа не хуй\n\n[gutsss]\nя траил эту хуйню\n\n[gutsss]\nполиции поебать\n\n[gutsss]\nну рашка\n\n[Андроид]\nпотеряная просто\n\n[واصف]\nЗдаров\n\n[Андроид]\nвон пашок же смог\n\n[gutsss]\nну насколько его хватит\n\n[gutsss]\nэто вопрос открытый\n\n[gutsss]\nздаров\n\n[Ярема]\nзачем быть таким убоюдощным \nесли жизнь не приносит удовольствия, так ну убейся \nзачем отравлять прекрасный мир своим существованием\n\n[2ch]\nЗапрещено:\n— Постинг/реквесты ЦП, зоопрона, NSFW контент\n— Обсуждение/продажа наркотиков\n— Реклама (пабликов, чатов, каналов и т.д.)\n— Оскорбление администрации\n— Обсуждение модерации\n— Спам\n— Вайп\n— Ложные репорты\n— Анальный секс разрешен\nСтарайтесь придерживаться тематики.\nМодераторы: TKZWA, luv, Inv\nКанал со смешными картинками: https://telegram.me/dvachannel\n\n[gutsss]\nя ж зачем-то на завод хожу\n\n[ernest.kus]\nБлин\n\n[gutsss]\nне лучше хуйня ес честно\n\n[gutsss]\n)\n\n[ernest.kus]\nИзвини(\n\n[Эскимо Нефтяночка]\nФакт\n\n[واصف]\nВведите в курс дела\n\n[Ярема]\nзачем просить прощения\nэто вопрос который ты должен задать самому себе\n\n[ernest.kus]\nЭто вместо отъебись типа\n\n[ernest.kus]\nШаришь?\n\n[gutsss]\nда чел, ей ну поебать внатуре\n\n[Ярема]\nты целенаправлено отравляешь жизнь, стараешься быть убежищем \nты как паразит, кишечная палочка, отрава\n\n[gutsss]\nну и бычий цепень паразит\n\n[gutsss]\nможно и до него доебаться\n\n[gutsss]\nно толку то\n\n[gutsss]\nбаза\n\n[ernest.kus]\nХвхахвхавхахха\n\n[Андроид]\nкуда смотришь\n\n[ernest.kus]\nКрасава!!!!\n\n[gutsss]\nреспект\n\n[ernest.kus]\n+\n\n[Dude]\nВот он, пророк\n\n[ernest.kus]\nБля твой чтоль?\n\n[Pablo]\nРыба молот\n\n[Dude]\nГриб из растений против зомби?\n\n[Андроид]\nшо с ним\n\n[Ярема]\nмой\n\n[gutsss]\nхороший настрой\n\n[gutsss]\nбля пиздец\n\n[gutsss]\nа я бывает мешки ворочаю\n\n[gutsss]\nкоробы таскаю\n\n[ernest.kus]\nТогда ясно\n\n[gutsss]\nкороче ебал я это всё\n\n[ernest.kus]\nИче\n\n[gutsss]\nхули, поработаю пока так\n\n[ernest.kus]\nХоба\n\n[gutsss]\nпока фриланс не принесет денег\n\n[gutsss]\nsex\n\n[Dude]\nКонтент\n\n[Dude]\nНехуй было леденцы жрать\n\n[gutsss]\nбля а мне говорили, что у меня топ зубы\n\n[Андроид]\nуже гнием по тихой грусти\n\n[gutsss]\nпойду почищу\n\n[Dude]\nРазницы особо нет\n\n[ernest.kus]\nФакт\n\n[gutsss]\nбро ты ел леденцы...\n\n[Psart]\nплоская\n\n[Андроид]\nне пора остановиться,красивая девушка..?\n\n[gutsss]\nиди нахуй чел бля)\n\n[gutsss]\nвсем похуй\n\n[gutsss]\nчекни че выше\n\n[gutsss]\nи пойми\n\n[Андроид]\nда я видел\n\n[Dude]\nАга, ириски\n\n[واصف]\nРебят, а кто тут из Питера\n\n[gutsss]\nа, ну тогда в це"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0406160dae1c4a4ea57a1949874841ab", "conversation_index": 722566, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 912, "prompt": "write the documentation for the following SAS macro.\n\n\n%macro createsummary(dsin=,var_id=,vars=,dsout=); \n%let id=createsummary; \ndata &id.0; \n\tset &dsin (keep = &var_id &vars); \n\tarray data _NAME_1_; \n\tdo over data; \n\t\tif missing(data) then data=\"MISSING\"; \n\tend; \nrun; \n*replace missing with word missing; \nproc sql noprint; \n\tcreate table &id.1 as \n\tselect &var_id \n\t\t%do i=1 %to %countword(&vars); \n\t\t\t%let var=%scan(&vars,&i); \n\t\t\t, count (distinct &var ) as count_&var\n\t\t%end;  \n\tfrom &id.0 \n\tgroup by &var_id\n\thaving  \n\t    %do i=1 %to %countword(&vars); \n\t\t\t%let var=%scan(&vars,&i); \n\t\t\t%if &i ne 1 %then or ; \n\t\t\tcount_&var >1\n\t\t%end;  \n\n\t; \n\tcreate table &id.2 as \n\tselect &var_id, %convertlist(list=&vars,option=comma)\n\tfrom &dsin \n\twhere &var_id in (select &var_id from &id.1) \n\t; \n\n\tcreate table &id.3 as \n\tselect \n\t\t%do i=1 %to %countword(&vars); \n\t\t\t%let var=%scan(&vars,&i); \n\t\t\t%if &i ne 1 %then ,; \n\t\t\tmax (count_&var) as &var\n\t\t%end;  \n\tfrom &id.1\n\t; \n\nproc transpose data=&id.3 out=&id.4; \nproc sql noprint; \n\tselect _name_ into :var_analysis separated by ' ' from &id.4 where col1>1; \n\tselect _name_ into :var_non_analysis separated by ' ' from &id.4 where col1<=1; \nquit; \n\n\n\t\n%do i=1 %to %countword(&var_analysis); \n\tproc sql noprint; \n\t\t%let var=%scan(&var_analysis,&i); \n\t\tcreate table &var as \n\t\tselect &var_id,&var,count(*) as count\n\t\tfrom &id.2\n\t\twhere &var_id in (select &var_id from &id.1 where count_&var >1 )\n\t\tgroup by &var_id, &var \n\t; \n\tproc sort; by &var_id descending count; \n\tdata &var; \n\t\tset &var (rename=(&var=_&var)); \n\t\tby &var_id; \n\t\tlength &var $200; \n\t\tretain &var; \n\t\tif first.&var_id then do; \n\t\t\tcall missing(&var);\n\t\t\t&var=strip(_&var)||\"(\"||strip(put(count,best8.)) ||\")\"; \n\t\tend; \n\t\telse &var=strip(&var)||\"-\"||strip(_&var)||\"(\"||strip(put(count,best8.)) ||\")\"; \n\n\t\tif last.&var_id then output; \n\t\tdrop _&var count; \n\trun; \n%end; \n\nproc sql noprint; \n\tcreate table &id.7 as \n\tselect distinct &var_id %if %symexist(var_non_analysis) eq 1 %then ,%convertlist(list=&var_non_analysis,option=comma); \n\tfrom &id.0\n\t; \n\tcreate table &dsout. as \n\tselect * \n\tfrom \n\t&id.7 as l \n\n\t%do i=1 %to %countword(&var_analysis); \n\t\t%let var=%scan(&var_analysis,&i); \n\t\tleft join \n\t\t(select &var_id , &var from &id.0 where &var_id not in (select &var_id from &var) \n\t\t\tunion \n\t \t select &var_id , &var from &var where &var_id in (select &var_id from &var)\n\t\t) as &var\n\t\ton l.&var_id = &var..&var_id \n\t%end; \n\n\t; \n\nquit; run;\n%mend createsummary; "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "e32a9387f39947bfac028fc642672c9c", "conversation_index": 955696, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1140, "prompt": "000fb274  int32_t sub_fb274() __noreturn\n\n000fb274  {\n000fb288      sub_eab24(&data_1490f3);\n000fb2a4      if ((*(int32_t*)0x19aab8 | *(int32_t*)0x19aabc) == 0)\n000fb2a0      {\n000fb368          int32_t r7_1 = 0;\n000fb398          do\n000fb398          {\n000fb380              *(int32_t*)0x19aab8 = ;\n000fb384              sub_e9e60(1);\n000fb37c          } while ((*(int32_t*)0x19aab8 | *(int32_t*)0x19aabc) == 0);\n000fb394      }\n000fb3a4      j_sub_103a0();\n000fb3ac      sub_e9e60(5);\n000fb3d0      int32_t var_38 = 0;\n000fb3d8      int32_t r0_8 = j_sub_1cc4c();\n000fb3e4      void* r0_9 = sub_e9d78(0x20);\n000fb3f0      void* var_28 = r0_9;\n000fb3f8      char var_30 = 0x21;\n000fb410      sub_ea988(r0_9, \"Transform::get_position\", 0x17);\n000fb420      *(int8_t*)((char*)r0_9 + 0x17) = 0;\n000fb42c      int32_t* r0_12 = j_sub_2091c();\n000fb430      int32_t* r6_3 = *(int32_t*)r0_12;\n000fb43c      int32_t var_24;\n000fb43c      if (r6_3 == 0)\n000fb438      {\n000fb44c          r6_3 = sub_e9d78(0x20);\n000fb454          void* r2_1 = var_28;\n000fb458          var_28 = nullptr;\n000fb45c          int32_t var_2c_1 = 0;\n000fb460          var_30 = 0;\n000fb450          r6_3[4] = 0x21;\n000fb450          r6_3[5] = 0x17;\n000fb450          r6_3[6] = r2_1;\n000fb450          r6_3[7] = 0;\n000fb46c          *(int32_t*)r6_3 = 0;\n000fb470          r6_3[1] = 0;\n000fb474          r6_3[2] = var_24;\n000fb478          *(int32_t*)r0_12 = r6_3;\n000fb484          int32_t r0_16 = **(int32_t**)0x19aad8;\n000fb48c          if (r0_16 != 0)\n000fb488          {\n000fb48c              *(int32_t*)0x19aad8 = r0_16;\n000fb490              *(int32_t*)r0_12;\n000fb490          }\n000fb494          *(int32_t*)0x19aadc;\n000fb49c          j_sub_dc408();\n000fb4a8          *(int32_t*)0x19aae0 = (*(int32_t*)0x19aae0 + 1);\n000fb4a4      }\n000fb4ac      r6_3[7] = r0_8;\n000fb4b8      if ((((uint32_t)var_30) & 1) != 0)\n000fb4b4      {\n000fb4c0          sub_e9608(var_28);\n000fb4c0      }\n000fb4e4      int32_t var_38_1 = 0;\n000fb4ec      int32_t r0_23 = j_sub_1cc4c();\n000fb4f8      int32_t* r0_24 = sub_e9d78(0x20);\n000fb504      int32_t* var_28_1 = r0_24;\n000fb50c      char var_30_1 = 0x21;\n000fb524      r0_24[3] = 0x6e69616d;\n000fb530      r0_24[2] = 0x5f746567;\n000fb53c      r0_24[1] = 0x3a3a6172;\n000fb548      *(int32_t*)r0_24 = 0x656d6143;\n000fb550      r0_24[4] = 0;\n000fb558      int32_t* r0_26 = j_sub_2091c();\n000fb55c      int32_t* r6_4 = *(int32_t*)r0_26;\n000fb568      if (r6_4 == 0)\n000fb564      {\n000fb578          r6_4 = sub_e9d78(0x20);\n000fb580          int32_t* r2_3 = "}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "9beb0cc265f2dde86933405552d8a93249ade4de817f0998", "conversation_index": 5296, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 55329, "prompt": "公大協公認心理師教育コアカリキュラム案―中間報告ver.２.１―注　D-5-1産業・組織に関する心理学（基礎）の小項目に修正がありましたので、5月25日にVer2.1として差し替えさせていただきました2022年５月版公認心理師養成大学教員連絡協議会（公大協）後援　日本学術会議 心理学・教育学委員会公認心理師の専門性と社会貢献検討分科会　健康・医療と心理学分科会　法と心理学分科会　心の総合基礎分科会　心の研究将来構想分科会＜目次＞○概要○コアカリキュラムの構造と考え方○コアカリキュラム作成の経緯○公大協　公認心理師教育コアカリキュラム案（中間報告ver.２） 2022年５月版○公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力（試案）作成者名簿　○　　概　　要　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　公認心理師養成大学教員連絡協議会（以下、公大協と略）は、「公認心理師教育コアカリキュラム案」（中間報告ver.２   2022年５月版）を公表いたします。1．作成経過と今後の予定コアカリキュラムとは、専門職の養成において、全大学で共通する「コア」の部分を抽出し、体系的に整理したもので、医師、歯科医師、看護師、薬剤師、教師などについて作成されています。公大協は、これまでの活動実績をもとにして、他の専門職を参考にして、2022年３月にコアカリキュラム案の「中間報告」を公表し、今回「中間報告ver.２   2022年５月版」を公開します。今後は、パブリックコメントなどを経て、最終報告を公開する予定です。作成においては、日本学術会議 心理学・教育学委員会の５つの分科会（公認心理師の専門性と社会貢献検討分科会、健康・医療と心理学分科会、法と心理学分科会、心の総合基礎分科会、心の研究将来構想分科会）と連携して内容を検討し、公表に当たって、本コアカリキュラム案への後援をいただきました。2．コアカリキュラム作成の利点公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）を明らかにし、それを「到達目標」として、知識と技能の獲得を体系化しました（いわゆるOutcome-based educationの考え方）。これにより、コンピテンシーの到達目標をゴールとして、養成カリキュラムを考えることができます。大学および大学院・実務経験プログラムの各段階の到達目標とカリキュラムを整理することで、公認心理師養成の全体像を明らかにすることができます。学生にとって、全体像と各段階の学修の意義が理解でき、学修の動機づけが高まり、キャリアパスの展望を持つことができます。各養成機関にとって、養成の「コア」となる標準的なコアカリキュラムが作られることによって、具体的なカリキュラム作成のモデルとすることができます。３．現行の公認心理師養成制度との関係現行の公認心理師の養成制度を定めているのは、厚生労働省公認心理師制度推進室により公表された下記の文書です。a)「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標」（以下「到達目標）と略）b)「大学における必要な科目に含まれる事項」「大学院における必要な科目に含まれる事項」（以下「カリキュラム」と略）c)公認心理師出題基準（以下「出題基準」と略）本コアカリキュラム案の作成に当たっては、これらの現行の制度と構造に従い、大きな変更はできるだけ行わないようにしました。そのうえで、公大協としてどうしても必要と考えた点についてのみ、修正をおこなうことにしました。４．コアカリキュラムの構造　コアカリキュラムは、「カテゴリー」、「大項目（タイトル）」、「中項目（学修目標）」、「小項目（学修内容）」という４つのレベルからなります。　「カテゴリー」とは、養成全体の大枠の構造を明らかにしたものです。現行の内容を整理して、７つのカテゴリーにまとめました。　「大項目（タイトル）」とは、各カテゴリー内の教育内容を体系的にまとめたものです。　「中項目（学修目標）」は、公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）を修得するために必要な学修目標を示します。現行の公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）を定めているのは、前述の「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標」（到達目標）です。本コアカリキュラム案の中項目（学修目標）は、ほぼこの現行の「到達目標」に対応しています。「小項目（学修内容）」は、「中項目（学修目標）」を達成するために、教授すべき細目やキーワードを網羅的に示したものです。「大学」での科目の小項目については、おもに公認心理師試験の「出題基準」を参照し、場合によって、公益社団法人日本心理学会が作成した「公認心理師大学カリキュラム標準シラバス」（2018年）を参照して作成しました。また、「大学院・実務経験プログラム」の科目の小項目については、公大協が作成した「公認心理師大学院カリキュラム標準シラバス」（2019年）をもとに作成しました。表１にコアカリキュラム案の全体の構成を示します。「大項目（タイトル）」と「中項目（学修目標）」と科目名の対応を示してします。表１．コアカリキュラム案　全体の構成注）カテゴリー、大項目、科目名だけを示します。中項目と小項目は省略。５．現行のカリキュラム内容からの変更点本案は、現行のカリキュラム内容に大きな変更はできるだけ加えないようにしていますが、公大協として必要と考えた点については修正をおこないました。修正の内容について詳しくは、本文書の「コアカリキュラム作成の経緯」で述べていますが、ここではその概略を示します。カテゴリーＡ「公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力」では、大項目「公認心理師の職責」において、公大協が基礎と考える科学者－実践家モデルの理念を追加しました。カテゴリーＢ「心の基本的メカニズムの理解」では、基礎心理学の専門的ディシプリンの体系や構造を反映していないという問題点が指摘され、公大協の調査でも明らかにされました。公大協では、科学者－実践家モデルにおける基礎心理学の意義について徹底的に議論し、臨床医学において基礎医学がきわめて重要であるように、公認心理師の実践における基礎心理学の方法論と知識が不可欠であることを確認し、そのうえで、基礎心理学の内容の体系化をはかりました。現行の「知覚及び認知」と「学習及び言語」を、新たに「感覚及び知覚」「認知及び言語」「学習および行動」という到達目標に再編成しました。また、現行の「脳・神経の働き」については、カテゴリーＢの「生物としての人間の理解」とカテゴリーＡの「脳の働きと障害」に再編成しました。現行の「社会及び集団に関する心理学」については、カテゴリーＢの「社会に関する心理学」とカテゴリーＤの「福祉・家族に関する心理学」に再編成しました。現行の「障害者（児）の心理学」は「障害に関する心理学」とし、「発達」とまとめてＢ－３「発達と障害」という大項目群としました。これにより、教員にとって教えやすく、学生にとっても体系的に学びやすい構造となり、公認心理師の実践にいっそう寄与することができるようにしました。\n　カテゴリーＣ「公認心理師の業務の基本」とカテゴリーＤ「主要５分野等における実践の心理学」では、「大学」と「大学院・実務経験プログラム」の科目の関係を明らかにしました。実践心理学の大項目においては、大学での科目は「基礎」と表記し、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの科目は、「実践」と表記し、これらを分けました。なお、現行では、公認心理師の大原則である「到達目標」は、大学のカリキュラムとは連動しているのに対し、大学院のカリキュラムでは「到達目標」が明示されていませんでしたが、本案によって、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの「到達目標（中項目）」を明確にすることができました。また、カテゴリーＣ「公認心理師の業務の基本」は、公認心理師法第２条にもとづいて、心理状態の観察および結果の分析（心理アセスメント）、心理に関する支援、関係者への支援、心の健康教育の４つの大項目としました。カテゴリーＥ「心理演習」とカテゴリーＦ「実習」については、養成開始当初から、実習時間や実習担当教員、実習指導者の要件等について問題点が指摘されており、公大協はアンケート調査などをおこなって検討してきましたので、その結果を本案に含めています。　カテゴリーＧ「卒業論文」とカテゴリーＨ「修士論文」については、心理学の基本的方法論を身につけるという到達目標のために必須であることから、中項目（学修目標）、小項目（学修内容）を具体化し、コアカリキュラムに追加することを提案しました。６．コアカリキュラムと国家試験出題基準の関係について医師や看護師など他の専門職では、コアカリキュラムと国家試験出題基準は別のものとして作られてきましたが、公認心理師の場合は両者の構造は同じであり、これはわかりやすく望ましい特徴と考えられます。本コアカリキュラム案は、現行の「出題基準」（大項目・中項目・小項目）を大いに参照して作成し、各分野の学修内容を網羅的に収録したので、実質的には出題基準案と呼んでもよいと考えています。今後、出題基準を検討する際には、本コアカリキュラム案を反映させることを要望します。とくに、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの学修内容を、出題基準に含めることを要望します。コアカリキュラムの構造と考え方　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　公認心理師の養成は、2018年に本格的に始まって５年目に入り、コアカリキュラムを定められる時期に来ている。そこで、公認心理師養成大学教員連絡協議会（以下、公大協と略）は、他の専門職のコアカリキュラムを参考にして、公認心理師教育のコアカリキュラム案を作ることにした。１．コアカリキュラムとはコアカリキュラムとは、専門職の養成において、各大学が決める「カリキュラム」のうち、全大学で共通する「コア」の部分を抽出し、体系的に整理したものである。医師、歯科医師、看護師、薬剤師、教師などに関して作成されており、文部科学省のホームページで公表されている。医学教育モデル・コア・カリキュラム　　https://www.mext.go.jp/component/b_menu/shingi/toushin/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/06/28/1383961_01.pdf歯学教育モデル・コア・カリキュラム　https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/06/15/1325989_29_02.pdf看護学教育モデル・コア・カリキュラム　　　　https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/10/31/1217788_3.pdf薬学教育モデル・コアカリキュラム　　　　https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/koutou/058/gijiroku/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/11/10/1352956_2.pdf教職課程コアカリキュラム　　　　　https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/126/houkoku/1398442.htm２．コアカリキュラム作成の利点　コアカリキュラムの作成は次のような利点を持っている。①公認心理師の資格を得て現場で働くときの実践能力（コンピテンシー）を明らかにし、それを「到達目標」として、知識と技能の獲得を体系化した。いわゆるOutcome-based educationの考え方である。これにより、コンピテンシーの到達目標をゴールとして、養成カリキュラムを考えることができる。②大学および大学院・実務経験プログラムの各段階の到達目標とカリキュラムを整理することで、公認心理師養成の全体像を明らかにできる。③学生にとって、全体像と学修の筋道が明確になり、各段階の学修の意義が理解できるので、学修の動機づけが高まり、キャリアパスの展望を持つことができる。④各養成機関にとって、養成の「コア」となる標準的なコアカリキュラムが作られることによって、具体的なカリキュラム作成のモデルとすることができる。３．現行の公認心理師養成制度との関係現行の公認心理師の教育制度を定めているのは、厚生労働省公認心理師制度推進室により公表された下記の文書である。a)「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標」（以下「到達目標）と略） https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12201000-Shakaiengokyokushougaihokenfukushibu-Kikakuka/0000169346.pdfb)「大学における必要な科目に含まれる事項」「大学院における必要な科目に含まれる事項」（以下「カリキュラム」と略） https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12201000-Shakaiengokyokushougaihokenfukushibu-Kikakuka/0000169346.pdf     https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000412724.pdfc)公認心理師出題基準（以下「出題基準」と略）　　   http://shinri-kenshu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/blue_print_201912.pdf本コアカリキュラム案の作成に当たっては、これらの現行の制度と構造を尊重し、大きな変更はできるだけ行わないようにした。そのうえで、公大協としてどうしても必要と考えた点については、修正をおこなうことにした。修正の経緯と趣旨については本文書の「コアカリキュラム作成の経緯」で述べている。４．コアカリキュラムの構造以下、本コアカリキュラム案の構造について述べる。　コアカリキュラムは、「カテゴリー」、「大項目（タイトル）」、「中項目（学修目標）」、「小項目（学修内容）」という４つのレベルからなる。４－１．カテゴリー「カテゴリー」とは、教育の形式的な大枠を定め、養成全体の構造を明らかにしたものである。現行の内容を整理して、以下の７つのカテゴリーにまとめた。Ａ　公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力Ｂ　心の基本的メカニズムの理解Ｃ　公認心理師の業務の基本Ｄ　主要５分野等における実践の心理学Ｅ　心理演習　Ｆ　実習　Ｇ　卒業論文Ｈ　修士論文現行では、大学の講義科目は、「心理学基礎科目」と「心理学発展科目」に大別し、後者は「基礎心理学」、「実践心理学」及び「心理学関連科目」に分けられている。本コアカリキュラム案においては、医学や看護学のコアカリキュラムを参考にして、また、大学と大学院・実務経験プログラムとの関係を明確にすることを目的として、内容に即した具体的なカテゴリー名を採用し、Ａ～Ｄのカテゴリーに再編成した。ＥとＦは現行のものである。　ＧとＨは、現行制度には含まれてはいないが、公大協として重要であると判断し、追加した。４－２．大項目（タイトル）　「大項目」とは、教育の内容ごとのまとまりであり、各カテゴリー内で、その内容を体系的に示している。カテゴリーＡ　公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力　このカテゴリーには、公認心理師の職責、医学概論（医学概論、精神医学概論、脳の働きと障害）、公認心理師に関する制度（関係行政論）といった公認心理師の基本となる大項目を含めた。カテゴリーＢ　心の基本的メカニズムの理解このカテゴリーは、現行の「心理学基礎科目」と「心理学発展科目」の「基礎心理学」に相当するものであり、「心理学の全体論と方法論」、「心の基本的メカニズム」、「発達と障害」の３つに大別され、それぞれいくつかの大項目からなる。カテゴリーＣ　公認心理師の業務の基本公認心理師法第２条で定義された公認心理師の業務に従って、心理アセスメント、心理的支援、関係者への支援、心の健康教育の４つに関する大項目からなる。カテゴリーＤ　主要５分野等における実践の心理学　公認心理師の活躍する主要５分野、すなわち保健医療、福祉、教育、司法・犯罪、産業・組織の実践内容に関する大項目からなる。カテゴリーＥとＦは現行の大項目であり、カテゴリーＧとＨは新たに追加した大項目である。＊注1　大項目と科目名の対応について　医学や看護学等のコアカリキュラムでは、必ずしも大学での「科目名」を定めているわけではない。医学のコアカリキュラムにおいては、各大学の具体的なカリキュラムは、コアカリキュラムを含むようにしてあれば、各大学の裁量に委ねられている。看護学などのコアカリキュラムでは、一部は「科目名」を定めているが、基本的には各養成校の裁量に委ねられている。これに対して、現行の公認心理師制度においては、前述の「大学における必要な科目に含まれる事項」と「大学院における必要な科目に含まれる事項」として、国が大学・大学院で開講すべき「科目名」を定めている。　公認心理師のコアカリキュラムにおいても、将来には、医学や看護学のコアカリキュラムのように科目名をなくしてもよいのかもしれないが、しかし、現段階では、現行の「科目名」と対応づけることは重要である。そこで、本コアカリキュラム案においては、「科目名」を明示し、コアカリキュラムの大項目の関係を明らかにすることにした。両者の関係については、本文書の表１「コアカリキュラム案　全体の構成」に示されている。　現行の公認心理師カリキュラムにおいては、授業時間数や単位数は定められていないので（実習を除く）、各大学の裁量に任されている。このため、科目名を明示しても、また科目数が多少増えたとしても、実際の授業時間数や単位数は各大学の裁量に任されるので、実質的には他職種のコアカリキュラムの考え方と矛盾しないと考えられる。＊注２　大学と大学院・実務経験プログラムの整理本コアカリキュラム案における「科目名」は、「大学」と「大学院・実務経験プログラム」に分けて示した。現行では、大学において「知識」を習得し、大学院と実務経験プログラムで「技能」を修得するとされている。とくにカテゴリーＣ「公認心理師の業務の基本」とＤ「主要５分野等における実践の心理学」の大項目において、これらの区別は重要である。大学での科目は「基礎」というラベルを貼り、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの科目は、「実践」というラベルを貼った。これによって、「大学」と「大学院・実務経験プログラム」の科目の関係を明らかにした。注３　大学院と実務経験プログラムの関係についてここで「大学院・実務経験プログラム」として、両者を併記したのは以下の理由からである。公認心理師法第７条第２号において、大学卒業後、文部科学省令・厚生労働省令で定めた施設（以下、「実務経験プログラム」と呼ぶ）において、同省令で定めた期間以上、実務を行った者に受験資格を与えている（いわゆる区分Ｂ）。このため、大学院ではなく実務経験プログラムを選択した者が公認心理師試験で不利にならないようにという配慮から、大学院のカリキュラムの学修内容は不明確になっている。例えば、大学院科目の「保健医療分野に関する理論と支援の展開」に含まれる事項をみると、「保健医療分野に関わる公認心理師の実践」となっている。同語反復のような内容が簡単に書かれているだけである。また、公認心理師の大原則である「到達目標」は、大学のカリキュラムとは連動しているのに対し、大学院のカリキュラムとは連動していない。大学院で学ぶ内容は「到達目標」が明示されていない。実務経験プログラムの選択者への配慮は必要であるが、その一方で、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの教育内容が不明確になっているきらいがある。これに関して、公認心理師法案に対する附帯決議では下記のように定められている。「受験資格については、本法第七条第一号の大学卒業及び大学院課程修了者を基本とし、同条第二号及び第三号の受験資格は、第一号の者と同等以上の知識・経験を有する者に与えることとなるよう、第二号の省令の制定や第三号の認定を適切に行うこと。」https://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/gianjoho/ketsugi/189/f068_090801.pdfこの附帯決議にもとづいて、2016年度の公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会においては、実務経験プログラムは、法第７条第１号の者（つまり大学院コース）と「同等以上に心理学等に関する専門的な知識及び技能を習得できる」ことと決められた。このように、大学院と実務経験プログラムは同等とすることが定められたので、両者を同等に扱ってもどちらも不利にはならないと考えられる。そこで、本コアカリキュラム案においては、両者を同等に扱い、「大学院・実務体験プログラム」とした。公大協としては、公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会の決定の趣旨からして、基本的に大学院と実務経験プログラムは同じ内容を学修することが望ましいと考える。さらに言えば、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの学習内容が、公認心理師試験の出題基準に含まれることも望ましいと考えられる。４－３．中項目（学修目標）　「中項目（学修目標）」は、公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）を修得するために必要な学修目標を示す。現行の公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）を定めているのは、前述の「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標」（到達目標）である。本コアカリキュラム案の中項目（学修目標）は、ほぼこの現行の「到達目標」に対応する。　前述のように、大学院・実務体験プログラムにおける「到達目標」は定められていなかったが、本コアカリキュラム案では、その到達目標を明確にし、中項目（学修目標）を定めた。４－４．小項目（学修内容）「小項目（学修内容）」は、「中項目（学修目標）」を達成するために、教授すべき細目やキーワード例を提案するものである。注４　小項目（学修内容）という形式を立てたことについて本コアカリキュラム案では「小項目（学修内容）」を作成した。医学や看護学等のコアカリキュラムにおいては、学修目標が多く細かく列挙されており、「小項目」は作られていない。表２は、他職種（医学や看護学）と公認心理師におけるコアカリキュラムや出題基準の形式と、本コアカリキュラム案の形式を比較したものである。医学や看護学のコアカリキュラムでは、「学修目標」（「～～ができる」という形式）で書かれており、「小項目」はない。一方、国家試験の出題基準において「大項目」「中項目」「小項目」という形式をとっている。これと比較して、現行の公認心理師制度では、「到達目標」においては「～～ができる」という形式で書かれ、カリキュラムにおいては「必要な科目名」と「必要な科目に含まれる項目」という形式、出題基準において「大項目」「中項目」「小項目」という形式で書かれている。本コアカリキュラム案においては、他職種の「学修目標」にあたるのは、「学修目標（中項目）」すなわち現行の到達目標である。しかし、この「学修目標（中項目）」すなわち到達目標は、他職種に比べて、項目数がかなり少ない。例えば、医学コアカリキュラムの学修目標の数は約1600項目、看護学コアカリキュラムの学修目標数は約500項目である。これに対し、公認心理師の「到達目標」は77項目だけであり、これだけでは実際の養成においては不十分である。このため、本コアカリキュラム案では、他職種のコアカリキュラムとは異なり、「小項目（学修内容）」を設けて、学修すべき細目を網羅的に示したので、約2000項目となっている。このように、本コアカリキュラム案では、他職種のコアカリキュラムをモデルとしつつも、現行の公認心理師制度との折衷的な形式をとることにした。医学や看護学では、長い歴史を経て、コアカリキュラムや出題基準の作成方法が確立しているのに対し、歴史の短い公認心理師の養成において、現行のものからいきなり医学や看護学の制度に近づけても無理が出る危惧があったためである。整合的な形式の追求は、将来のコアカリキュラム改訂において考慮すべき課題とした。表２に示されるように、本コアカリキュラム案は、他職種のコアカリキュラムや、現行の公認心理師の文書との折衷的な形式をとる。この表から、本コアカリキュラム案の大項目・学修目標（中項目）・小項目（学修内容）という形式は、名称としては折衷的にならざるを得なかったものの、内容的には他職種や現行の公認心理師制度の基本的構成を守っていることが理解できる。また、小項目を作成することで、カリキュラムと出題基準を統一的に理解することができるという利点も生まれたると考えられる。表２　他職種や公認心理師の文書と本コアカリキュラム案の形式の名称の対応関係注５　小項目（学修内容）の作成方法について小項目（学修内容）について、「大学」での科目の小項目については、おもに公認心理師試験の「出題基準」を参照し、場合によって、公益社団法人日本心理学会が作成した「公認心理師大学カリキュラム標準シラバス」（2018年）を参照して作成した。また、「大学院・実務経験プログラム」の科目の小項目については、公大協が作成した「公認心理師大学院カリキュラム標準シラバス」（2019年）をもとに作成した。これらの標準シラバスは、大学と大学院の授業におけるシラバス（授業計画）のモデルとして作成されたものであり、コアカリキュラムの小項目（学修内容）としてふさわしい内容であると考えられる。　○　コアカリキュラム作成の経緯　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　公認心理師養成大学教員連絡協議会（以下、公大協と略）は、公認心理師が真に国民のために大きく貢献できるように、またその養成が実のあるものになるように、これまでの実績にもとづいて、新たに公認心理師教育コアカリキュラム案を作成することにした。ここでは、コアカリキュラム案作成の背景、動機、作成手順、理念、現行の修正点などについてまとめた。１．公大協のこれまでの活動　公大協は、2018年３月に、科学者一実践家モデルに基づく新しい公認心理師の育成と質向上をはかるために発足した。創設の目的には、カリキュラムや出題基準についての検討と改善点の提言といった活動を設定している。　こうした目的を達成するために、公大協は、６つの委員会を組織しているが、今回のコアカリキュラム案作成を担当したのは次の４つの委員会である。・学部カリキュラム検討委員会　（大学における養成カリキュラムの検討）・大学院カリキュラム検討委員会　（大学院における養成カリキュラムの検討）・現場実習検討委員会　（大学・大学院における実習のあり方の検討）・国家試験検討委員会　（公認心理師試験およびそれに関わる大学における養成カリキュラムの検討）　各委員会の活動成果は、毎年の年報で報告され、下記サイトで一般公開されている。 　 https://psych.or.jp/qualification/shinrishi_info/shinrishi_report/　これまでの４つの委員会の年度ごとの活動をまとめると、表３のようになる。表３　公大協の各委員会のこれまでの活動と成果2018年度の活動・公大協と公益社団法人 日本心理学会との共同で公認心理師大学カリキュラム標準シラバスを作成し、広くパブリックコメントを求めて、改訂し公表した。    https://psych.or.jp/qualification/shinrishi_info/shinrishi_syllabus・公認心理師養成についてのアンケート調査を実施した。・大学院カリキュラムの課題に関する大学アンケートをおこなった。・現場実習に関する課題を集約した。・公認心理師試験の事例問題を分析し、その妥当性への疑問を指摘し提言をまとめた。2019年度の活動・公認心理師の養成カリキュラム調査をおこない、大学学部のカリキュラムのあり方についての提言をまとめた。・公認心理師大学院カリキュラム標準シラバスを作成し、広くパブリックコメントを求めて改訂し公表した。https://psych.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/standard_syllabus_g_2020-1-21.pdf・大学・大学院における実習科目のアンケート調査をおこない、提言にまとめ、現場実習（心理実践実習）のための実習指導者用手引きと実習生用手引きを作成して公表した。・公認心理師試験について、事例問題の妥当性への疑問は改善されたことを指摘し、ブループリントについての提言をおこなった。2020年度の活動・新型コロナウイルス感染症が公認心理師養成とくに現場実習に対して大きな悪影響を与えたので、緊急アンケートをおこない、それをまとめて要望書を提出した。・学部カリキュラムの問題点をまとめた。・大学院教育の状況を把握するためのアンケートを実施した。・公認心理師試験における事例問題の出題方法に関するスキーマを提言した。公大協シンポジウム・2018年から毎年、複数のシンポジウムを開催し、公認心理師の養成や実習の現状の問題点を探り、あるべき姿を議論してきた。諸学会・団体との連携活動　公大協は、「加盟団体」として30の学協会との連携を保って活動してきた。とくに、公益社団法人日本心理学会は、公大協の発足が日本心理学会の「公認心理師に係るワーキンググループ」（2015～2018年）をきっかけとしたこともあり、密接な関係を保ってきた。2018年には、公大協とともに公認心理師養成についてのアンケート調査をおこない、公認心理師大学カリキュラム標準シラバスを作成し、これらの成果が今回のコアカリキュラム案作成の土台となっている。また、日本心理学会は、これまで全国の心理学科の教務カリキュラム調査をおこなっており、カリキュラムの検討（とくに卒業論文の検討）に役に立った。日本学術会議との連携活動　日本学術会議 心理学・教育学委員会では、心理職の国家資格について検討しており、2008年の対外報告、2008年の提言、2014年の報告、2017年の提言、2020年の提言が発出されてきた。公大協は日本学術会議の心理学・教育学委員会の諸分科会を「連携組織」としている。これらの分科会にかかわる日本学術会議会員や連携会員が公大協に参加していることも多い。今回のコアカリキュラム案は、これまでに日本学術会議から発出された諸提言が土台となっている。本案の作成においても、５つの分科会（公認心理師の専門性と社会貢献検討分科会、健康・医療と心理学分科会、法と心理学分科会、心の総合基礎分科会、心の研究将来構想分科会）と連携して内容を検討し、公表に当たって本コアカリキュラム案への後援をいただいた。　以上のような活動実績をもとにして、公大協は、公認心理師のコアカリキュラム案を作成することを考えた。２．コアカリキュラム作成の動機　コアカリキュラムは、医師、看護師、薬剤師、教師など主要な専門職について作成されている。行政のもとに作成委員会が組織されて、コアカリキュラムが作成され、文部科学省のホームページで公表されている。将来においては、公認心理師についても、同じような仕組みでコアカリキュラムが作成されるかもしれない。これまでは、われわれ関係者にとって、コアカリキュラムを考える余裕がなかったことも事実であろう。カリキュラムは、2016年度に開かれた公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会とワーキングチーム（以下、検討会と略）において作られたが、この時には、現実の公認心理師はまだ存在していなかった。公認心理師が誕生したのは2018年11月の第１回公認心理師試験の合格発表後であった。このため、検討会においては、「架空の」公認心理師像を思い浮かべて、必要な制度や養成を考えることになった。たしかにそれまでも心理職の活動は存在し、民間資格や学会認定資格などもあったが、国家資格ではなかったため、モデルとするには不十分であった。このため、検討会の作業は、暗闇を手探りで歩くようなものとなった。また、公認心理師試験の出題基準は、2018年３月に発表されたものであり、この時にも、現実の公認心理師はまだ存在しなかった。このように、現行のカリキュラムや出題基準は、現実の公認心理師がまだ生まれていない段階で作られたものであり、ある意味では暫定的な色彩が強いものであったと言えるかもしれない。それから４年が経ち、状況は大きく変わった。第1に、公認心理師の養成が2018年度から本格化して４年がたち、架空の視点ではなく、現実の「養成」の視点から、カリキュラムや到達目標が妥当かを考えられるようになった。第２に、すでに４万人を超える公認心理師が誕生し、現場で働くようになったので、架空の視点ではなく、現実の「現場」の視点から、公認心理師制度を検討できるようになった。例えば、公認心理師の職能団体である一般社団法人 公認心理師の会では、主要５分野と対応した５部会制をとり、現場の公認心理師の実践能力（コンピテンシー）のリストを作成し、それにもとづいて研修会や専門資格認定などをおこなっている。このように、養成校や現場の意見をまとめて、具体的な検討をすることができる時期が到来したといえよう。また、2017年に施行された公認心理師法では、５年後の見直しが明記されており、その時期は2022年ということになる。現段階で、現行のカリキュラムや出題基準のあり方を検討し、その全体像をコアカリキュラムの形で作成し、関係者の意見をまとめてみることには大きな意義があろう。コアカリキュラム案をまとめる機は熟していると考えられた。そこで、公認心理師養成大学の担当者の組織である公大協は、これまでの4年の活動実績や提言をもとにして、総力をあげて、たたき台としてのコアカリキュラム試案を作成し、提言することにした。３．公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会での作成過程　今回の公大協の作業は、2016年度に開かれた公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会における作業過程に準じて行われた。検討会での作業過程は、図１のような順序であった。           　   bカリキュラムa到達目標　           　 　c出題基準図１　2016年度の公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会やワーキングチームにおける作業過程ａ．「到達目標」の作成　検討会では、まず、公認心理師の「a到達目標」を定めた。到達目標とは、現場での公認心理師を想定し、そこから必要な知識と技能を考えて、列挙したものである。これは「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標」としてまとめられている（以下「到達目標）と略）。到達目標は77項目からなる。 https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12201000-Shakaiengokyokushougaihokenfukushibu-Kikakuka/0000169346.pdfこの方法は、Outcome-based education（卒業時到達目標から、それを達成するようにカリキュラムを含む教育全体をデザインする教育法）の考え方にもとづく。こうした実践能力（コンピテンシー）を目標としてカリキュラムや資格認定を考える方法は、現在では、コンピテンシーにもとづく認定として、職業的心理学においては世界標準となっている。ｂ．カリキュラムの作成　検討会は、この「a到達目標」にもとづいて、｢bカリキュラム｣を作った。これが「大学における必要な科目に含まれる事項」（以下、「大学カリキュラム」と略）と「大学院における必要な科目に含まれる事項」（以下、「大学院カリキュラム」と略）の文書である。　　 https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12201000-Shakaiengokyokushougaihokenfukushibu-Kikakuka/0000169346.pdf   https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000412724.pdfｃ．出題基準の制定その後、2018年３月、第１回公認心理師試験の前に、公認心理師試験の出題基準（以下、「出題基準」と略）が発表された。　　   http://shinri-kenshu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/blue_print_201912.pdf　出題基準の大項目と中項目は「a到達目標」77項目にもとづいており、その下に小項目（キーワード）が追加されている。　以上のように、「a到達目標」にもとづいて、｢bカリキュラム｣と「c出題基準」が作られたために、これら３つの文書は統一が取れており、一貫性があり、わかりやすいものとなっている。これに対して、医師や看護師等の専門職においては、コアカリキュラムと国家試験の出題基準とは、別の組織によって作られており、両者に統一性と一貫性は乏しい。この点では、公認心理師の文書の作り方のほうが望ましいと考えられる。４．公大協によるコアカリキュラム作成の手順　検討会とワーキングチームでの作業をモデルとして、公大協では、図２のような手順で作業を進めた。まず「a到達目標」を検討し、それにもとづいて「ｂコアカリキュラム」を検討した。この手順により、これらの文書が一貫したものになるようにした。　  → bコアカリキュラム    図２　公大協によるコアカリキュラム案作成の手順ａ.「到達目標」の検討まず「a到達目標」を検討した。ここではOutcome-based educationないし実践能力（コンピテンシー）にもとづく認定の考え方を採用した。公大協の各委員会において、担当する各科目の到達目標を検討した。基礎心理学と実践心理学からみた公認心理師の「到達目標」を全体としてしっかり考え、公認心理師の実践の中に心理学の知識と技能がどのように生かされるかを考えた。この段階でいくつかの問題点が指摘され、到達目標を見直し、改訂・再編成などをおこなった。ｂ．コアカリキュラム案の作成改訂された到達目標に従って、学部と大学院・実務経験プログラムのカリキュラムを検討し、それをもとに「bコアカリキュラム」案を作成した。なお、当初、公大協は、改訂された到達目標に従って「出題基準」も検討したが、後述するように、今回は出題基準には言及しないことにした。５．コアカリキュラム作成の理念：科学者－実践家モデル　コアカリキュラム作成に当たって、公大協が重要と考えたのは、科学者－実践家モデルの理念である。これは、科学者としての科学的思考力や客観的知識と、実践家としての実務能力や人間性の両方を兼ね備えた高度専門職業人をめざす理念である。欧米の心理師の専門資格をみても、科学者－実践家モデルは一貫して流れる理念となっている。公認心理師の養成においても、科学者－実践家をめざして、科学者としての養成と、実践家としての養成を、どちらも本格的に進める必要がある。したがって、大学においては科学的方法論と基礎心理学の獲得を重視し、そのうえで実践の基礎を学び、大学院・実務経験プログラムにおいては実践の技能を学ぶ。大学で学ぶ認知や学習などの基礎心理学は、実践の技能の基礎としてきわめて重要である。公認心理師の職責と科学者－実践家モデル  現行の公認心理師の養成において、科学者－実践家モデルがどのように取りあげられているかをみると、確かに基礎的な心理学とその方法論の教育が含まれているので、暗示はされていると考えられるものの、決して明確な形で示されているわけではない。現行の「到達目標」においては、「科学者－実践家モデル」は取りあげられていない。この用語は、わずかに「出題基準」において小項目のキーワードの例としてあがっているだけである。また、科学者－実践家モデルを実現させるための重要な理念として、エビデンスベイスト・アプローチや生物心理社会モデルがあるが、これらも到達目標には出ておらず、出題基準において小項目のキーワードの例としてあがっているにすぎない。そこで、本コアカリキュラム案では、大項目「Ａ－１　公認心理師の職責」の到達目標において、こうした理念を反映させた。科学者－実践家モデルによる「基礎心理学」の体系化　基礎心理学は、公認心理師の科学者としての土台を作る上できわめて重要であり、公大協はこれらの科目を重視してきた。本コアカリキュラム案では、カテゴリーＢ「心の基本的メカニズムの理解」において、科学者としての養成を強化した。科学者－実践家モデルによる「実践心理学」の強化　科学者－実践家モデルにおける実践家としての養成は実践心理学によっておこなわれる。公大協は実践心理学の科目を重視してきた。本コアカリキュラム案では、カテゴリーＣ「公認心理師の業務の基本」とカテゴリーＤ「主要５分野における実践の心理学」において、実践家としての養成・訓練の充実をはかった。そのために、大学と大学院にまたがる科目について、その関係を明確化して、構造化をはかり、大学と大学院の連携を強化した。６．コアカリキュラムの作成　ここでは、本コアカリキュラム案のカテゴリーごとに、到達目標（学修目標）の作成経過について述べる。とくに現行のものに修正を加えた部分について説明する。カテゴリーＡ　公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力　このカテゴリーでは、大項目「Ａ－１　公認心理師の職責」において、前述のように、科学者－実践家モデルの理念を明確にした。中項目「公認心理師としての職責の自覚」の中に、学修目標「科学者－実践家モデルにもとづいた専門家としての活動できる」を明記した。また、中項目「問題解決能力と生涯学習」の中に、学修目標「エビデンスにもとづいて問題解決できる態度を身につける」を明記した。さらに、中項目「他職種連携・地域連携」の中に、学修目標「生物心理社会モデルにもとづいて諸問題を理解し、活動できる」と明記した。カテゴリーＢ　心の基本的メカニズムの理解　現行の基礎心理学には９つの到達目標群があるが、そのうち「７．知覚及び認知」、「８．学習及び言語」、「９．感情及び人格」、「10．脳・神経の働き」、「11．社会及び集団に関する心理学」、「12．発達」、「13．障害者（児）の心理学」の７つについては、基礎心理学の専門的ディシプリンの体系や構造を反映していないという問題点が指摘され、公認心理師の実践を支えるためには不十分である。　これらの到達目標は、前述のように、2016年度の検討会において、大急ぎで多くの科目をまとめて必修化するために、複数の独立した心理学領域をつなげた合体目標（「及び」やナカグロでつなげてある）となっており、内容の科学的な整合性に欠けるところがあった。検討会の構成員には、心理学の専門家が少なく、到達目標が大学での心理学を反映しないことも多く、いざ養成を始めてみると、大学では苦労することも多かった。心理学の専門的ディシプリンの構造や体系を反映していないところがあるため、教員にとっても体系的に教えにくく、学生にとっても学びにくい構造であった。これは2018年におこなわれた公大協と日本心理学会の養成校調査や、その後の公大協の各委員会の調査結果に表れている。　これについて学術団体からも改訂の要望が出ている。日本学術会議の2017年の提言「心理学教育のあるべき姿と公認心理師養成」においては、以下のように指摘されている。「公認心理師養成カリキュラムの大学カリキュラムでは、日本学術会議が提案した単独科目が変更され，それらが合体した科目名に変容している。すなわち、このカリキュラムは、両分科会が前提とした学士課程教育の質保証を考慮しない、心理学の領域をつまみ食いした形の資格教育ための簡易版心理学教育カリキュラムとなってしまっている。」　また、生物心理社会モデルと生物学的心理学について、日本学術会議の2014年の報告「大学教育の分野別質保証のための教育編成上の参照基準-心理学分野-」と2017年の提言「心理学教育のあるべき姿と公認心理師養成」においては、現代心理学の基本は生物心理社会モデルであり、生物学的心理学の理解が不可欠であることが示されている。しかし、現行の到達目標には生物学的心理学に関するものが少なく、科学者としての養成が不完全となっている。　さらに、公大協の加盟団体である日本社会心理学会は、「13社会及び集団に関する心理学」において、「社会及び集団」と「家族」は離れた領域であるため、これらを切り分けることを提案している。基礎心理学の到達目標の体系化そこで、公大協の学部カリキュラム検討委員会および国家試験検討委員会では、公認心理師の実践における基礎心理学の意義を議論し、その重要性を確認し、内容の体系化をはかることにした。　具体的にいうと、「７．知覚及び認知」と「８．学習及び言語」については、「感覚機能」の理解が抜け落ちており、また、「学習」と「言語」が離れた機能であることを考慮して、新たに「感覚及び知覚」「認知及び言語」「学習および行動」という到達目標に再編成すべきと考えられた。　また、「10．脳・神経の働き」については、脳神経系の「基礎」と「障害」というふたつの領域がかかわるが、前者の基礎については、「生物としての人間の理解」という到達目標を新たに立てて、生理学的機能と遺伝や進化の理解に重点をおくこととした。また、後者の障害については「脳の働きと障害」の理解という到達目標に変更し、脳と高次脳機能障害の理解に重点をおき、この大項目をカテゴリーＡ「公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力」の「医学概論」へと移動した。このような再編は、前述の日本学術会議の提言が指摘した生物学的心理学の欠如を補うものである。  また、到達目標「11．社会及び集団に関する心理学」については、到達目標には「家族」という名称が入っていないにもかかわらず、大学の科目名では「社会・集団・家族心理学」という名称になっているという不整合がある。社会・集団心理学と家族心理学は方法論的にも異なる領域であるため、変更が必要である。一方、家族の問題が中心となる領域として「17福祉に関する心理学」がある。ここでは、家庭福祉や児童虐待、高齢者虐待など家族関係を具体的に扱っており、ここで家族心理学を扱えば、学生にとっても家族の生きた理解がしやすくなる。そこで、本コアカリキュラム案では、「社会に関する心理学」と「福祉・家族に関する心理学」という大項目として再編成された。　さらに、「13．障害者（児）の心理学」については、現行の到達目標では内容があいまいであるため、到達目標を明確にして「障害に関する心理学」とした。一方、「12．発達」の到達目標の内容が多すぎるという意見が強かったため、発達障害等非定型発達と認知症の理解については、「障害に関する心理学」へと移動した。本コアカリキュラム案においては、Ｂ－３「発達と障害」という大項目群を作り、この中に「発達」と「障害に関する心理学」を含めることとした。　これらの修正は、一見すると、それぞれの到達目標をただバラバラに改訂しただけのように見えるが、そうではなく、基礎心理学の到達目標群の根本にある科学的・実践的な不整合という大問題を解決するためにおこなったひとつの統一的改訂である。　以上の修正の結果、基礎心理学の到達目標は、「感覚及び知覚」「認知及び言語」「学習および行動」「生物としての人間」「社会に関する心理学」「発達」「障害に関する心理学」といった新たな大項目群へと再編成された。こうした変更によって、心理学のディシプリンの構造を反映するものとなり、教員にとっても教えやすく、学生にとっても体系的に学びやすい構造となり、科学者－実践家の養成を強化することができるようになる。カテゴリーＣ　公認心理師の業務の基本　カテゴリーＤ　主要５分野等における実践の心理学実践心理学の現行の「到達目標」は、大学のカリキュラムとは連動しているのに対し、大学院のカリキュラムには十分反映されていない。例えば、大学院科目の「保健医療分野に関する理論と支援の展開」に含まれる事項をみると、「保健医療分野に関わる公認心理師の実践」のように、同語反復のような内容が簡単に書かれており、「到達目標」との関連も示されておらず、大学院での学修内容は具体的に示されていない。そこで、公大協は2019年に、「公認心理師大学院カリキュラム標準シラバス」を作成し、到達目標（大項目）の下に、中項目と小項目を設定した。この標準シラバスは、大学院の授業におけるシラバス（授業計画）のモデルとなり、大学院における養成内容を具体化することができた。そこで、このシラバスの中項目と小項目をもとにして、本コアカリキュラム案の大学院の中項目（学修内容）と小項目（学修内容）の内容を定めた。現行のカリキュラムにおいて大学院での学修内容が不明確なのは、大学院ではなく実務経験プログラムを選択した者が公認心理師試験で不利にならないようにという配慮からかもしれない。これに関して、公認心理師法案に対する附帯決議では下記のように定められている。「受験資格については、本法第七条第一号の大学卒業及び大学院課程修了者を基本とし、同条第二号及び第三号の受験資格は、第一号の者と同等以上の知識・経験を有する者に与えることとなるよう、第二号の省令の制定や第三号の認定を適切に行うこと。」https://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/gianjoho/ketsugi/189/f068_090801.pdfこの附帯決議にもとづいて、2016年度の公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会においては、実務経験プログラムは、法第７条第１号の者（つまり大学院コース）と「同等以上に心理学等に関する専門的な知識及び技能を習得できる」ことと決められた。このように、大学院と実務経験プログラムは同等とするべきであるから、本コアカリキュラム案においては、両者を同等に扱い、「大学院・実務体験プログラム」とした。このようにすると、どちらのコースにとっても不利にはならないと考えられる。さらに、いくつか細かい修正もおこなった。現行の到達目標「24．その他」は、いくつかの目標の寄せ集めとなっており、不明確である。そこで、「Ｃ－４　心の健康教育」として明確化した。また、大学院カリキュラムの「８ 家族関係・集団・地域社会における心理支援に関する理論と実践」の位置づけがわかりにくいため、「Ｃ－３　関係者への支援」として明確化した。カテゴリーＥ　心理演習　カテゴリーＦ　実習　大学での心理演習と、大学での心理実習と大学院での心理実践実習については、養成を始めた当時から、実習時間や実習担当教員、実習指導者の要件等について問題点が指摘されていた。2019年度の新型コロナウイルス感染症の拡大後は、その問題が大きくクローズアップされた。公大協の現場実習検討委員会では、実習科目に関するアンケート調査などをおこない、実習時間や実習担当教員、実習指導者の要件について具体的に検討してきた。その検討結果は、本コアカリキュラム案に含められている。カテゴリーＧ　卒業論文卒業論文は、心理学の方法論を身につけるという到達目標のために必須である。検討会の時代から、卒業論文を養成に含めたいという要望は強かったため、本コアカリキュラム案で追加することを提案し、中項目（学修目標）、小項目（学修内容）、必要性について述べた。実際に必修とするためには問題点もあるため、公大協は新たにワーキンググループを作って検討し、その実施方法などについても提案した。カテゴリーＨ　修士論文修士論文は、エビデンスにもとづく実践を展開していく上での基盤的、統合的能力を育成するために必要な重要な学修目標である。本コアカリキュラム案では、その重要性を指摘し、中項目（学修目標）を提案した。７．コアカリキュラムと国家試験出題基準の関係について公大協は当初、前述のように、まず「到達目標」を検討した後、それにもとづいてカリキュラムと出題基準の両方を改訂しようと考えていた。しかし、この作業の過程で、コアカリキュラム案作成と出題基準改訂は、根本的に同じことであり、両者を切り分けるのは困難であることがわかったため、今回は出題基準について言及しないこととした。ただし、本コアカリキュラム案は、現行の「出題基準」（大項目・中項目・小項目）も大いに参照しているので、実際のところ、出題基準改訂案と呼んでもよいと考えている。今後、出題基準の改訂が検討される際には、本コアカリキュラム案を反映させることを要望したい。　とくに要望したいことは、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの学修内容を、出題基準に含めることである。現行では、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの学修内容は出題基準にも含まれていない。これは、大学院ではなく実務経験プログラムを選択した者が公認心理師試験で不利にならないようにという配慮からかもしれないが、前述のように、大学院と実務経験プログラムは原則として同等であるから、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの学修内容を出題基準に含めてもどちらにも不利にはならないと考えられる。本コアカリキュラム案では、大学院・実務経験プログラムでの到達目標と学修内容を明確にしているので、これらを出題基準に反映させることを要望したい。　○　公大協　公認心理師教育コアカリキュラム案（中間報告ver.２） 2022年５月版Ａ 公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力Ａ－１　公認心理師の職責大学における科目名：公認心理師の職責ねらい：国家資格としての公認心理師として求められる職業的責務を学び、ふさわしい資質や能力を身につけるように自己研鑽を積みながら実践に励む。中項目（学修目標）：①公認心理師としての職責の自覚公認心理師の役割について理解する。公認心理師の法的義務を理解し、必要な倫理を身につける。心理に関する支援を要する者等の安全を最優先し、常にその者中心の立場に立つことができる。守秘義務及び情報共有の重要性を理解し、情報を適切に取扱うことができる。保健医療、福祉、教育その他の分野における公認心理師の具体的な業務の内容について説明できる。科学者－実践家モデルにもとづいた専門家として活動できる。小項目（学修内容）：・公認心理師の役割（公認心理師法、公認心理師の定義）・公認心理師の法的義務 及び倫理（信用失墜行為の禁止、秘密保持義務、関係者等との連携等、資質向上の責務、倫理的ジレンマ、多重関係）・心理に関する支援を要する者（以下「要支援者」という。）等の安全の確保と要支援者の視点（リスクアセスメント、危機介入、自殺予防、虐待への対応）・情報の適切な取扱い（秘密保持義務、個人情報保護法関連５法、専門家間の情報共有、業務に関する記録の適切な保管、インフォームド・コンセント、プライバシー保護）・保健医療、福祉、教育その他の分野における公認心理師の具体的な業務（心理検査、心理療法、チーム医療、多職種連携、カウンセリング）　・科学者－実践家モデルにもとづいた専門家としての活動（科学的な態度や客観的知識と実践家としての実務能力や人間性のバランス、高度専門職業人としての自覚、説明責任）中項目（学修目標）：②問題解決能力と生涯学習自分の力で課題を発見し、自己学習によってそれを解決するための能力を身につける。社会の変化を捉えながら、生涯にわたり自己研鑽を続ける意欲及び態度を身につける。エビデンスにもとづいて問題解決できる態度を身につける。小項目（学修内容）：・自己課題発見と解決能力（心理職のコンピテンシー）・生涯学習への準備 （心理職の成長モデル、スーパービジョン）・エビデンスにもとづいた問題解決（エビデンスベイストアプローチ、治療効果研究、科学的ガイドライン）中項目（学修目標）：③問題解決能力と生涯学習他職種連携・地域連携\n多職種連携・地域連携による支援の意義について理解し、チームにおける公認心理師の役割について説明できる。\n実習において、支援を行う関係者の役割分担について理解し、チームの一員として参加できる。\n医療機関において「チーム医療」を体験する。\n生物心理社会モデルにもとづいて諸問題を理解し、活動できる。小項目（学修内容）：・自己課題発見と解決能力（心理職のコンピテンシー）\n・生涯学習への準備 （心理職の成長モデル、スーパービジョン）\n・エビデンスにもとづいた問題解決（エビデンスベイストアプローチ、治療効果研究、科学的ガイドライン）　Ａ－２　医学概論Ａ－２－1　人体の構造と機能及び疾病大学における科目名：人体の構造と機能及び疾病ねらい：公認心理師に求められる基本的な資質・能力として、心身機能と身体構造、さまざまな疾病と障害、心理的支援が必要な主な疾病に関しての基本的な医学的知識を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①心身機能と身体構造について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・解剖学、生理学、生化学、病理学・細胞・遺伝子、組織、器官および器官系・器官系：運動器系（骨格系、筋系）、呼吸器系（肺、気管支、肺胞）、循環器・脈管系（心臓、血管系、リンパ液、リンパ管系）、消化器系（消化管、肝臓・胆嚢・膵臓）、血液・造血器系（赤血球、白血球、骨髄）、免疫系（細胞性免疫、抗体）、生殖器系（男性・女性生殖器）、脳・神経系（中枢神経系、末梢神経系）、内分泌・代謝系（下垂体、甲状腺、副甲状腺、副腎、松果体、糖代謝、脂質代謝）、皮膚・感覚器系（視聴覚、味覚嗅覚、体性感覚、平衡感覚、内臓感覚）中項目（学修目標）：②さまざまな疾病と障害について概説できる小項目（学修内容）：・病気の基礎となる病態：炎症、感染、アレルギーと免疫反応、腫瘍、循環障害・加齢による変化：身体、心理、精神機能・主要な身体的症候：全身の症状（発熱、浮腫、リンパ節腫脹、黄疸、血圧上昇、体重減少、体重増加、食欲不振、出血傾向）、頭頸部の症状（頭痛、めまい、意識障害、咽頭痛・嗄声）、胸部の症状（胸痛、動悸・不整脈、呼吸困難、咳、痰、血痰・喀血、胸やけ、嚥下困難、しゃっくり）、腹部の症状（悪心・嘔吐、急性腹痛、下痢、便秘、腹満、血便）、四肢と背部の症状（関節痛・関節炎、頸部痛、腰痛・背部痛）、神経の症状（しびれ・知覚障害、歩行障害、記憶障害）、腎・尿路の症状（血尿、タンパク尿、多尿、乏尿）・器官系ごとの障害： 運動器（骨関節疾患、外傷・損傷、慢性疼痛）、呼吸器・胸郭・胸壁（気管支喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、肺がん）、心臓・脈管（虚血性心疾患、心不全、心筋症、弁膜症）、消化管・腹壁（消化性潰瘍、炎症性腸疾患、食道・胃・大腸がん）、肝・胆・膵（肝炎、胆道結石、膵炎、肝・胆・膵がん）、血液・造血器（貧血、白血病、悪性リンパ腫）、泌尿器・生殖器（慢性腎疾患、子宮・卵巣・前立腺がん）、脳・神経系（脳血管障害、神経変性・脱髄疾患、脳腫瘍）、内分泌・代謝疾患（機能亢進・不全、糖尿病、脂質代謝異常）、膠原病・免疫病・アレルギー（リウマチ、免疫不全症、アレルギー）、皮膚・頭頚部・感覚（皮膚疾患、眼・耳・鼻・咽喉頭疾患）、成長・発達・加齢性疾患（染色体異常、認知症）中項目（学修目標）：③心理的支援が必要な主な疾病や問題について概説できる小項目（学修内容）：・生活習慣病（糖尿病・肥満、高脂血症、痛風、高血圧、心筋梗塞、脳卒中、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、アルコール性肝疾患）・心身症（頭痛、気管支喘息、過敏性腸症候群、消化性潰瘍、甲状腺機能亢進症、慢性関節リウマチ）・がん、悪性腫瘍、サイコオンコロジー<精神腫瘍学> ・神経疾患（てんかん、パーキンソン病、筋委縮性側索硬化症、多発性硬化症、筋ジストロフィー）・難病・遺伝性疾患 ・後天性免疫不全症候群<AIDS>・リハビリテーション（肢体不自由、高次機能障害、心筋梗塞、慢性閉塞性肺疾患）・慢性腎不全、透析、腎臓移植、サイコネフロロジー・移植医療、再生医療、人工臓器 ・緩和ケア、終末期ケア(グリーフケアを含む)・多職種チーム医療Ａ－２－２　精神疾患とその治療大学における科目名：精神疾患とその治療ねらい：公認心理師に求められる基本的な資質・能力として、代表的な精神疾患の特徴、向精神薬をはじめとする薬剤による心身の変化、医療機関への紹介等に関しての基本的な精神医学的知識を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①代表的な精神疾患の成因、症状、診断法、治療法、経過、本人や家族への支援の観点から説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・主な症状と状態像(抑うつ、躁、不安、恐怖、強迫、せん妄、幻覚、妄想等) ・状態像診断、伝統的診断分類、操作的診断分類・精神疾患の国際的診断分類・診断基準<ICD-10/11、DSM-5> ・症状性を含む器質性精神障害（認知症、せん妄）・精神作用物質使用による精神及び行動の障害（物質依存） ・統合失調症、統合失調型障害及び妄想性障害（統合失調症）・気分(感情)障害（大うつ病性障害、双極性障害）・神経症性障害、ストレス関連障害及び身体表現性障害（不安障害、強迫性障害、PTSD） ・生理的障害及び身体的要因に関連した行動症候群（摂食障害、睡眠障害、性機能不全）・成人のパーソナリティ及び行動の障害（パーソナリティ障害、性同一性障害）・精神遅滞（知的能力障害）・心理的発達の障害（自閉スペクトラム症、限局性学習症） ・小児期及び青年期に通常発症する行動 並びに情緒の障害、特定不能の精神障害（注意欠如・多動症、反抗挑戦生障害、愛着障害）・心理的アセスメント、行動観察、評定尺度 ・知能検査、神経心理学的検査、発達検査、脳波検査、神経画像検査・薬物療法、作業療法、心理療法、家族への支援・治療経過の評価・地域移行、自助グループ・アドヒアランス中項目（学修目標）：②向精神薬をはじめとする薬剤による心身の変化について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・薬理作用、薬物動態学、薬力学・有害事象、副作用(錐体外路症状、抗コリン作用、依存耐性、賦活症候群等) ・向精神薬(抗うつ薬、抗不安薬、睡眠薬、 抗精神病薬、気分安定薬、抗認知症薬、 精神刺激薬等)・薬剤性精神障害中項目（学修目標）：③医療機関への紹介や連携について説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・精神科等医療機関へ紹介すべき症状・生物・心理・社会モデル、多職種チーム医療・心理的アセスメント、異常心理学(心の病理学)・医療分野以外の活動における医療機関との連携Ａ－２－３　脳の働きと障害大学における科目名：神経心理学ねらい：　脳の器質的・機能的な障害によって生じる認知や行動の問題に関する基礎的な理論について理解し、必要となる神経心理学的アセスメントの方法と心理的支援法を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①脳の構造と働きについて概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・神経系の基本的構造と働き（神経細胞、神経伝達物質）・神経系の階層構造（中枢神経系、末梢神経系）・大脳皮質、間脳、大脳基底核中項目（学修目標）：②高次脳機能の障害について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・失語、失行、失認・記憶障害、遂行機能障害、注意障害、社会的行動障害、情動障害・認知症、発達障害・高次脳機能障害の原因中項目（学修目標）：③神経心理学的アセスメントについて概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・高次脳機能障害のアセスメント・神経心理学的検査・認知症/認知機能障害スクリーニング検査中項目（学修目標）：④高次脳機能の障害の支援について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・リハビリテーション、生活訓練、就労移行支援、多職種連携・認知リハビリテーション、心理療法、治療的環境、患者と家族に対する心理教育、保護的就労・急性期、回復期、維持期/生活期での支援・就労/復学支援・地域での支援Ａ－３　公認心理師に関する制度大学における科目名：関係行政論ねらい：公認心理師として業務を行う際に必要となる、保健・医療分野、福祉分野、教育分野 、司法・犯罪分野、産業・労働分野における各種関係法規・制度・政策について理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①法体系と公認心理師について理解し概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・日本国憲法と法体系　法と行政　資格と法・公認心理師法　名称独占資格と業務独占資格中項目（学修目標）：②保健医療分野に関係のある法律、制度について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・医療法、医療計画制度、診療録、保険診療制度 ・高齢者の医療の確保に関する法律 ・精神保健及び精神障害者福祉に関する 法律<精神保健福祉法>・自殺対策基本法・健康増進法・地域保健法、母子保健法 ・民法(説明義務、注意義務、過失) ・医療保険制度、介護保険制度 ・医療の質、医療事故防止、院内感染対策・医師法　保健師助産師看護師法　病院・診療所　保健所中項目（学修目標）：③福祉分野に関係のある法律、制度について概説できる。 小項目（学修内容）：・児童福祉法・老人福祉法 ・児童虐待の防止等に関する法律<児童虐待防止法> ・障害者の日常生活及び社会生活を総合 的に支援するための法律<障害者総合支援法>、障害福祉計画 ・発達障害者支援法 ・障害を理由とする差別の解消の推進に 関する法律<障害者差別解消法> ・障害者虐待の防止、障害者の養護者に対する支援等に関する法律<障害者虐待防止法>・障害者基本法 ・高齢者虐待の防止、高齢者の養護者に 対する支援等に関する法律<高齢者虐待防止法> ・配偶者からの暴力の防止及び被害者の保護に関する法律<DV 防止法> ・生活保護法・生活困窮者自立支援法 ・成年後見制度の利用の促進に関する法律 ・配偶者暴力相談センター、児童相談所、 福祉事務所、地域包括支援センター・精神保健福祉士法　・社会福祉士及び介護福祉士法　･障害福祉サービスをおこなう施設･社会福祉法　･老人保健法　･介護保険法中項目（学修目標）：④教育分野に関係のある法律、制度について概説できる。 \t小項目（学修内容）：・教育基本法、学校教育法・学校保健安全法・いじめ防止対策推進法・教育機会確保法・教育相談所、教育支援センター・特別支援教育、通級・教員　養護教員　スクールカウンセラー　学校　教育委員会・発達障害者支援法中項目（学修目標）：⑤司法・犯罪分野に関係のある法律、制度について概説できる。\t 小項目（学修内容）：・刑事法、刑事司法制度、少年司法制度 心神喪失等の状態で重大な他害行為を行った者の医療及び観察等に関する法律<医療観察法>・犯罪被害者等基本法・更生保護制度・裁判員裁判 ・国際的な子の奪取の民事上の側面に関する条約<ハーグ条約> ・家庭裁判所、保護観察所、刑事施設、少年鑑別所、少年院、児童自立支援施設更生保護施設、地域生活定着支援セン ター、自立援助ホーム、自立更生促進センター・裁判官　検察官　弁護士　家庭裁判所調査官　警察官　少年鑑別所鑑別技官　保護観察官　裁判所　刑務所　少年鑑別所　更生保護施設・刑法　刑事訴訟法　少年法　少年院法　心神喪失者等医療観察法　犯罪被害者等基本法中項目（学修目標）：⑥産業・労働分野に関係のある法律、制度について概説できる。\t 小項目（学修内容）：・労働基準法、労働安全衛生法、労働契約法、労働者派遣事業の適正な運営の確保及び派遣労働者の保護等に関する法 律<労働者派遣法> ・障害者の雇用の促進等に関する法律< 障害者雇用促進法> ・雇用の+D19分野における男女の均等な機会及び待遇の確保等に関する法律<男女雇用機会均等法> ・労働者の心の健康の保持増進のための指針 ・心理的負担による精神障害の認定基準 ・職場におけるハラスメント防止対策、 労働施策の総合的な推進並びに労働者の雇用の安定及び職業生活の充実等に関する法律<労働施策総合推進法>・労働基準監督官　産業安全専門官・労働衛生専門官　産業医　障害者職業センター・過労死防止対策推進法　道路交通法　道路運送法　貨物自動車運送事業法Ｂ こころの基本的メカニズムの理解Ｂ－１　心理学の全体像と方法Ｂ－１－1　心理学の基礎大学における科目名：心理学概論ねらい：心理学を構成する基礎的な理論や知見､および心のベースとなる過程と機能を学び､心理学の概要を理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①心理学を構成する基礎的理論や知見を理解し説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・内観主義､要素主義・ゲシュタルト心理学､場理論・行動主義､S-R理論､新行動主義､S-O-R理論・認知心理学､人間情報処理アプローチ､意思決定理論・人間性心理学､ポジティブ心理学・進化心理学中項目（学修目標）：②心を構成する基本過程と機能について理解し説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心の神経･生物学的基盤・感覚、知覚 ・記憶、学習・言語、思考・動機づけ、情動 ､感情、・気質､性格､人格・環境と遺伝、個人差・社会的行動と適応・生涯発達Ｂ－１－２　臨床心理学の概要大学における科目名：臨床心理学概論ねらい：公認心理師制度における臨床心理学の概論として，科学者－実践者モデルと生物心理社会モデルの観点から各アプローチ（各流派や各論）が担う役割について俯瞰的に理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①臨床心理学の成り立ちについて概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理療法の諸理論の成り立ち（L.Witmer，E.Kraepelin，S.Freud，C.G.Jung，C.R.Rogers，B.F.Skinner，I.P.Pavlov，\tJ.B.Watson，J.Wolpe，A.T.Beck， A.Ellis）・科学者－実践者モデル<scientist-practitioner model>（ボールダー会議）・生物心理社会モデル［biopsychosocial model<BPS>]（生物学的側面，心理学的側面，社会学的側面，多職種連携，地域連携）・エビデンスベイスト・アプローチ（アウトカム変数，プロセス変数，実証的に支持された療法，エビデンスの階層性，ＲＣＴ，メタ分析，対照群，一事例実験デザイン）・心理療法のガイドライン（NICEガイドライン，アメリカ心理学会臨床心理部会）中項目（学修目標）：②臨床心理学の基礎理論について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・精神力動アプローチ，認知行動アプローチ，人間性アプローチ（行動療法，認知療法，認知行動療法，来談者中心療法，支持的精神療法，精神分析・精神分析的心理療法，分析的心理療法，家族療法，統合的心理療法）・心理的アセスメント（質問紙法，投影法，作業検査法，神経心理学検査，面接法（構造化面接，半構造化面接，非構造化面接），知能・発達検査法，観察法（自然観察法，実験観察法，参与観察法），信頼性と妥当性，インテーク面接，テストバッテリー・事例研究（ケース・フォーミュレーション，法則定立・個性記述，スーパービジョン，コンサルテーション，倫理的責任，質的研究・量的研究）・効果研究（前後比較研究，対照試験（Treatment As Usual，待機統制），効果サイズ，フォローアップ，システマティックレビュー）・共通要因と個別技法（支援の構造・枠，治療（作業）同盟，ドロップアウトに関する諸問題，技法の忠実性，支援者側の要因，要支援対象者側の要因）Ｂ－１－３　心理学研究法大学における科目名：心理学研究法ねらい：心理学における実証的研究方法と研究倫理について理解し，心理学のエビデンス構築に向けた研究計画立案方法を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①心理学における実証的研究法について概説でき、公認心理師における心理学研究の意義を説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・科学者－実践家モデル、実証的態度・実験法、調査法、観察法、検査法、面接法、実践研究・相関関係、因果関係・操作的定義、独立変数、従属変数、 剰余変数中項目（学修目標）：②心理学のエビデンス構築のための研究法について概説でき、実証的な研究計画を立てることができる。小項目（学修内容）：・エビデンスベーストアプローチ・疫学の基礎と指標（バイアス，交絡因子，有病率，リスク比，リスク差，オッズ比）・観察研究（横断研究，症例対照研究，コホート研究）・介入研究（臨床試験，ランダム化比較試験）・システマティックレビューとメタ分析中項目（学修目標）：③心理学における研究倫理について概説でき，倫理的な研究計画を立てることができる。小項目（学修内容）：・倫理原則・規定、インフォームドコンセント・再現可能性、研究公正・利益相反Ｂ－１－４　心理学統計法大学における科目名：心理学統計法ねらい：公認心理師における心理学統計法の意義を理解し、心理学で用いられる統計手法について理解し，データを用いて実証的に研究や実践を行う考え方を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①公認心理師における心理学統計法の意義を説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・統計学の歴史、統計にもとづく意思決定、記述統計学と推測統計学・経験科学としての心理学、心理統計学、数量化、統計的因果推論・科学者－実践家モデル、実証的態度、エビデンス中項目（学修目標）：②統計学の基礎的な知識について説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・操作的定義、独立変数、従属変数、剰余変数・因果関係とは，交絡，共変量，偏相関係数，平均因果効果，無作為割当実験による差の推定・確率の歴史，確率の考え方，標本抽出，乱数，確率変数，確率分布，確率質量関数，確率密度関数中項目（学修目標）：③心理学で用いられる記述統計学について概説できる。  小項目（学修内容）：・データとは、尺度水準、度数分布表、ヒストグラム、棒グラフ、箱ひげ図・平均値、分散、標準偏差、標準化、偏差値、中央値、範囲、四分位範囲、最頻値・散布図、クロス表、共分散、積率相関係数、順位相関、連関係数・回帰直線、説明変数、目的変数、残差、最小二乗法中項目（学修目標）：④心理学で用いられる推測統計学について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・母集団と標本、二項分布、正規分布、標本抽出分布、中心極限定理・推定量、大数の法則、一致性と不偏性、点推定値、信頼区間、不偏分散、確率変数の標準化、t分布・統計的検定の考え方、帰無仮説、対立仮説、有意水準、p値、検定力分析、統計的検定と結果の再現性、検定結果の報告・t検定、Welchの検定、標準化効果量、効果量の信頼区間、多重比較、ー元配置分散分析、Welchの分散分析・要因計画法、参加者間計画、参加者内計画、二要因分散分析、交互作用、下位検定、球面性の仮定・相関係数の区間推定・検定、χ二乗検定、直接確率法、二項検定、順位についてのノンパラメトリック検定中項目（学修目標）：⑤心理学で用いられる発展的な分析について概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・べイズ推定、べイズファクター、ランダマイゼーション検定、メタ分析・多変量解析とは、重回帰分析、ロジスティック回帰分析・階層モデル、変量効果、階層線形モデル、一般化線形混合モデルＢ－１－５　心理学実験大学における科目名：心理学実験ねらい：心理学に関する統制のとれた実験を計画することができ､データの収集や処理を適切に行い､科学的報告書を作成できるようになる。中項目（学修目標）：① 統制のとれた実験の計画を立てることができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：･先行研究レビュー、リサーチ・クエスチョン、目的･探索的実験､仮説検証的実験･要因配置､剰余/共変数の統制､準実験･横断的研究､縦断的研究･妥当性､信頼性､再現性の確保･実験参加者､属性マッチング､人を対象とした研究倫理の基本事項(インフォームドコンセント､介入/侵襲の問題､オプトアウト等）中項目（学修目標）：②適切な方法を用いて実験データの収集及び処理を的確に行うことができる。小項目（学修内容）：･観察法(自然観察法､組織的観察法､現象学的観察法､実験的観察法）･実験法（刺激、材料、装置､手続き､教示､要求特性）･心理物理学的測定法(調整法､極限法､恒常法､マグニチュード推定法)･尺度構成法(名義/順序/間隔/比率尺度､一対比較法､態度尺度）･調査法(調査票の設計､標本抽出法､調査法の種類､標本/反応バイアス)･検査法（内的整合性､項目分析､識別力）･面接法 (構造化/半構造化/非構造化面接､集団面接)･データ解析の基礎(記述統計､推測統計､多変量解析､質的データ解析）中項目（学修目標）：③研究倫理にのっとって､的確な実験結果の記述や得られた知見の考察を行い､科学的報告書を作成することができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：･科学的報告書の書き方（目的/方法/結果/考察などの所定の文体）･結果(客観的記述、図表の表記法､統計処理の表記法）･考察(科学的論理性､得られた知見の妥当な解釈､仮説の妥当な評価､  新たな研究進展のための示唆）･引用方法と引用文献 (剽窃､盗用などと判定されないために）Ｂ－２　心の基本的メカニズムＢ－２－１　感覚及び知覚大学における科目名：感覚・知覚心理学ねらい：感覚機能および知覚能力についての基礎的な理論と実験的な研究手法について学び、人間が環境からどのように情報を取り入れ、処理しているかを科学的に理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①人の感覚の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・感覚モダリティ、視覚系、聴覚系・心理物理学、閾、順応・触覚、嗅覚、味覚、体性感覚・色覚多様性中項目（学修目標）：②人の知覚の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・錯視、空間知覚、運動知覚・音声コミュニケーション・共感覚、多感覚統合、クロスモーダル知覚・注意、意識・物体知覚、顔認知、時間知覚、感性中項目（学修目標）：③感覚・知覚及びその障害に関する知見を公認心理師の実践に関連づけることができる。  小項目（学修内容）：・感覚の障害・知覚の障害・感覚障害のアセスメント・知覚障害のアセスメント・感覚補助および感覚代行Ｂ－２－２　認知及び言語大学における科目名：認知・言語心理学ねらい：人間の情報処理過程および言語の獲得・運用の過程に関する基礎的な理論を学ぶとともに、理論を支える認知心理学の研究手法について理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①人の認知・記憶・思考等の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・情報処理　処理の二方向性・短期記憶　ワーキングメモリ　心的操作・意味記憶　エピソード記憶　顕在記憶　潜在記憶・自伝的記憶　偽りの記憶　展望記憶・選択的注意　抑制・実行機能　認知コントロール　セルフ・コントロール・宣言的記憶　手続き的記憶　スキーマ　メタ認知・演繹と帰納　思考のバイアス中項目（学修目標）：②言語の獲得・運用の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・音韻　意味　統語　語彙　語用論・クーイング　喃語　初語　一語発話　二語発話　概念カテゴリー　理解語（受容語彙）　産出語（表出語彙）　語彙爆発 認知的制約・弁別素性　音素　音節　モーラ（拍）　形態素　単語認知・命題　指示対象　照応関係　状況モデル　物語理解　談話過程　単語産出　言い間違い　　・言語相対性仮説　言語と推論　言語と文化　バイリンガル・言語の系統発生的起源　言語発達の臨界期　言語の脳機能　中項目（学修目標）：③認知・言語及びその障害に関する知見を公認心理師の実践に関連づけることができる。       小項目（学修内容）：・記憶の障害・注意の障害・思考の障害・言語の障害・記憶障害のアセスメント・注意障害のアセスメント・言語障害のアセスメント・認知リハビリテーションＢ－２－３　学習及び行動大学における科目名：学習心理学とその応用ねらい：生物の行動の様々な捉え方と、経験により行動が変化する過程(学習)の基礎を理解し、それらの基礎的知見を、日常場面、臨床場面での行動と関連づけることができる。中項目（学修目標）：① 様々な行動を分類・記述する方法と枠組みを説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・行動の測定法(反応率、潜時、所産、選択率)・行動的アプローチと認知的アプローチ・生得的行動(向性、反射、生得的解発機構)・初期学習（刻印づけ、臨界期）・学習の定義と例外中項目（学修目標）：②経験を通して人の行動が変化する過程を説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・ 馴化、鋭敏化・古典的条件づけの定義と例・古典的条件づけの基本性質(刺激の時間関係、獲得と消去、般化、高次条件づけ、生物学的制約)・オペラント条件づけの定義と例・オペラント条件づけの基本性質(強化と罰［弱化］、強化スケジュール、刺激性制御と3項随伴性、行動分析学、生物学的制約）・嫌悪刺激によるオペラント条件づけ(逃避学習、回避学習、学習2過程説、学習性無力感)・ 問題解決(試行錯誤学習、洞察学習)・観察による学習(模倣、代理強化、モデリング)中項目（学修目標）：③学習と行動に関する知見を現実の行動の問題と関連付けることができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・学習現象の日常例・行動アセスメント・応用行動分析・行動療法と認知行動療法Ｂ－２－４　感情及びパーソナリティ大学における科目名：感情・パーソナリティ心理学ねらい：感情と動機づけの理論および作用機序とそれらが行動に及ぼす影響について理解する。パーソナリティの理論と測定方法，その由来，さらに適応に向けた支援方法を知る。中項目（学修目標）：①感情に関する理論及び感情喚起の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・感情の種類と次元・感情，情動，気分の定義と測定，状態と特性・感情の機能・基本感情と進化論的視点から見た感情・自己意識的感情（自己評価的感情，社会的比較感情，道徳的感情）・ジェームズ・ランゲ説，認知的評価理論、構成主義理論・感情の神経生理学的基礎中項目（学修目標）：②感情が行動に及ぼす影響について説明する。\t小項目（学修内容）：・感情の表出・感情と認知・情報処理・感情と社会・文化・感情の発達・感情制御 ・感情の個人差（感情特性）・感情と心身の健康・感情の病理と臨床（気分障害，不安症［不安障害］，怒りと攻撃）中項目（学修目標）：③動機づけが行動に及ぼす影響について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・生物的動機（飢餓感と食行動，渇感と摂水行動，性動機）・内発的動機と外発的動機（定義と理論，測定方法）・社会的動機（親和動機とホーソン実験，達成動機とアトキンソンモデル）・動機づけの神経生理学的基礎・動機づけと認知（学習性無力感，統制の位置，原因帰属理論，自己効力感）・動機づけの病理と臨床（ 反社会性パーソナリティ障害，うつとアパシー，ナルシシズム，性倒錯，嗜癖と依存症｝中項目（学修目標）：④パーソナリティの理論と測定について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・パーソナリティの評価（アセスメント）・測定方法・パーソナリティの理論（ミシェル，ラザルス，コスタ・マクレー，マクアダムス）・特性と類型，特性と状態・因子分析（ビッグファイブと統合的アプローチ，知能）・信頼性・妥当性・研究デザイン（横断調査，縦断調査，媒介効果，調整効果，実験，介入）中項目（学修目標）：⑤パーソナリティの由来について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・遺伝，環境とパーソナリティ，気質・パーソナリティの神経生理学的基盤・進化論的視点から見たパーソナリティ・性・ジェンダーとパーソナリティ・文化とパーソナリティ中項目（学修目標）：⑥パーソナリティと適応について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・素因とレジリエンス・パーソナリティ障害・精神病理の次元・サブタイプ論と症状別アプローチ・パーソナリティの変容方法Ｂ－２－５　生物としての人間大学における科目名：進化・生理心理学ねらい：脳・神経系の構造や働き、進化や遺伝についての基礎的な理論について学び、記憶や感情といった心の働きとの関連について理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①記憶、感情等の生理学的反応の機序について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・意識（覚醒水準、睡眠ー覚醒リズム、瞑想、注意、障害）・知覚、記憶・感情（ストレス反応性、リラクセーション反応）・感覚（５感の正常値、発達、老化、人種差）・運動（視覚・運動系、ロコモーション）・摂食行動、性行動、動機づけ・睡眠（眠気、覚醒水準）中項目（学修目標）：②生理学的指標から心的過程を説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・体温（核温、日内変動、皮膚温）・皮膚電位図（皮膚電気反応EDR）・筋電図（モーションピクチャー、体躯の動き、ロコモーション）・心電図（R-Rインターバル、心拍率変動、脈波、循環動態）・脳波（睡眠段階、注意集中、リラックス、薬物効果）・事象関連脳電位（注意の指標、中枢情報処理過程）・局所脳血流量・内分泌系、免疫系反応（コルチゾール、IgA・M・E・G、ILs）中項目（学修目標）：③進化や遺伝の視点から心的過程を説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・進化と行動・モジュール・メンデル遺伝学、量的遺伝学・個人差と遺伝学Ｂ－２－６　社会に関する心理学大学における科目名：社会心理学ねらい：社会的動物としての人間が，他者・集団・社会から影響を受け行動する様態やメカニズムを理解し，現実の心理社会的問題に応用して考える能力を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①社会的認知とそれに基づく態度及び行動について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・対人知覚，対人認知，印象形成・帰属，社会的推論，社会的判断・社会的態度，対人態度，認知的不協和・対人コミュニケーション，説得・ステレオタイプ的判断，偏見，差別中項目（学修目標）：②集団，社会及び文化が個人及び集団に及ぼす影響について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・社会的自己，社会的アイデンティティ，自己過程，自己呈示・社会的影響，同調，応諾，服従・社会的促進，社会的手抜き，集団生産性・集団力学，リーダーシップ，集団意思決定，集団間関係中項目（学修目標）：③対人行動の諸相とそれに影響する要因について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・対人相互作用，人間関係・対人魅力，好意，親密性・援助行動，愛他的行動，協力，ソーシャル・サポート，向社会的行動・攻撃行動，対人葛藤，暴力，反社会的行動Ｂ－３　発達と障害Ｂ－３－1　発達大学における科目名：発達心理学ねらい：人間の誕生から死に至る生涯の発達の全体像と各過程を理解し、様々な年齢の支援対象者に対応する公認心理師の実践の基礎とする。中項目（学修目標）：①認知機能の発達及び感情・社会性の発達について概説できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・発達の心理学的理論（J.Piaget、L.S.Vygotsky、E.H. Erikson、P.B.Baltesらの発達理論）・外界認知の発達(新生児の知覚　視覚　聴覚　共鳴動作・同調行動)・思考とことばの発達(言語獲得と語彙習得　会話の発達　思考と推論)・知能の発達（知能指数　知能の構造［多重知能］）・感情の発達(感情の種類　感情の理解と表出　愛着　感情制御　自己制御)・心の理論　メンタライゼーション　共感性　協調性・向社会性行動　非社会性行動　反社会性行動・道徳性の発達（道徳性　規範意識）中項目（学修目標）：②自己と他者の関係の在り方と心理的発達について説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・アタッチメント、内的作業モデル・気質と環境・相互規定的作用モデル<transactional model>・社会化と個性化・対人関係の発達（親子関係　仲間関係、友人関係、異性関係、個人と集団）・自己概念、自己意識、自我同一性・ジェンダーとセクシャリティ（性的指向、性自認）中項目（学修目標）：③誕生から死に至るまでの生涯における心身の発達および各発達段階での特徴について説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・生涯発達の生物学的基礎(遺伝　環境　生得性と初期知識　脳と神経系　性差の基盤)・ライフサイクル論・各発達段階における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援・出生前期(胎児をとりまく環境　胎児の能力)・新生児期(新生児の能力[聴覚　視覚　顔認知] 反射)・乳児期(運動感覚的知能　信頼対不信　愛着の形成　三項関係　社会的参照)・幼児期(前操作期の知能　自律対恥　心の理論　領域固有性と領域一般性)　・児童期(具体的操作期の知能　勤勉対劣等感　読み書きの発達　身体運動)・青年期(形式的操作期の知能　自己の確立対拡散　社会的参加　恋愛　結婚　家族形成　職業意識とライフコース)・成人期(成人期の知的発達　生殖性対停滞　親としての発達　中年期危機　生成継承性<generativity>)・高齢期（平均寿命、健康寿命、加齢による心身機能の変化、終末低下、加齢のメカニズム、高齢期の知的発達、回想と自伝的記憶、幸福感と死への準備)・超高齢社会に必要な発達心理学的視点Ｂ－３－２　障害に関する心理学大学における科目名：障害心理学ねらい：人生の各段階におけるさまざまな障害の様態やメカニズムを生物心理社会モデルから理解し、その心理社会的課題と必要な支援を修得し、公認心理師の実践の基礎とする。中項目（学修目標）：①障害（身体障害、知的障害、精神障害等）の様態とメカニズムを理解し、説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・障害の考え方（国際障害分類<ICIDH>、国際生活機能分類<ICF>) ・障害の概要（身体障害・知的障害・精神障害など）・精神障害のメカニズムの基本概念（診断分類・診断基準<ICD-10、DSM-5>、異常心理学<心理病理学>、素因ストレスモデル、生物心理社会モデル）・精神障害の生物学的メカニズム（遺伝、神経系、脳）・精神障害の心理学的メカニズム（行動論・認知論・力動論などにもとづく障害メカニズムの理解）・精神障害の社会的メカニズム（家族、集団、社会、文化）中項目（学修目標）：②発達障害等非定型発達についての基礎的な事項や考え方を理解し説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・神経発達症群／神経発達障害群・自閉スペクトラム症／自閉症スペクトラム障害<ASD>・注意欠如多動症／注意欠如多動性障害<AD/HD>・限局性学習症／限局性学習障害<SLD>・発達性協調運動症／発達性協調運動障害・知的能力障害・アタッチメント障害・非定型発達に対する介入及び支援中項目（学修目標）：③各種精神障害の様態とメカニズムを理解し説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・不安症・うつ病・精神病性障害・依存症・パーソナリティ障害中項目（学修目標）：④認知症など高齢期における精神障害の様態とメカニズムを理解し説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・高齢期における精神障害の様態とメカニズム（認知症）中項目（学修目標）：⑤障害を持つ人への支援について理解し説明できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・障害者の基本的権利、 合理的配慮・障害の様態に応じた支援・障害を持つ人の心理社会的課題（障害受容過程に応じた支援）・障害のアセスメント・生物学的支援（薬物療法、リハビリテーション）・心理学的支援（力動論・行動論・認知論・人間性心理学などにもとづく支援モデル）・社会的支援（療育、特別支援教育、就労支援）Ｃ　公認心理師の業務の基本Ｃ－1　心理状態の観察及び結果の分析Ｃ－１－１　心理状態の観察及び結果の分析（基礎）大学における科目名：心理的アセスメントねらい：代表的な心理検査の理論や考え方を学び、人の心を量的に測定することの意義と限界について理解する。さらに、心理的アセスメントの方法と倫理的な観点を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①心理的アセスメントの意義を理解し、説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理アセスメントと心理診断　倫理的配慮中項目（学修目標）：②心理的アセスメントに関する観点及び展開について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・有用な情報の総合的把握（現病歴　生活史　家族史） ・関与しながらの観察（面接　ラポール）・信頼性 妥当性 標準化中項目（学修目標）：③心理アセスメントの方法（種類、成り立ち、特徴、意義及び限界）について概説できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・面接法（診断面接　治療面接）　・観察法（自然的観察　実験的観察）・知能検査（知能検査のなりたち　知能検査の種類）・発達検査（発達検査のなりたち　発達検査の種類）・人格検査(１)質問紙法（質問紙法の特徴　質問紙法の種類）・人格検査(２)投映法（投映法の特徴　投映法の種類）・症状評価法・診断面接基準（症状評価法の種類と特徴、診断面接基準の種類と特徴）・神経心理学検査（高次脳機能障害　認知症検査　神経心理学検査の種類）・認知機能検査（認知機能　認知機能検査の種類）・テストバッテリ（心理検査の組み合わせの必要性　結果の総合的理解）中項目（学修目標）：④適切な記録および報告ができる\t小項目（学修内容）：・適切な記録，採点法、報告，振り返り（記録の保管　報告書の作成　フィードバック）Ｃ－１－２　心理状態の観察及び結果の分析（実践）大学院における科目名：心理的アセスメントに関する理論と実践ねらい：公認心理師の業務の基本として、さまざまな心理的アセスメントを適切に実施し、心理に関する相談、助言、指導等へ応用する実践力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①公認心理師の実践における心理的アセスメントの意義を理解し、説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理的アセスメントの意義と基本姿勢中項目（学修目標）：②心理的アセスメントに関する理論と方法について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・知能検査・認知症・認知機能障害スクリーニング検査/神経心理学的検査・卒業論文生理心理学的検査・発達検査及び発達障害スクリーニング検査・パーソナリティ検査・国際生活機能分類・操作的診断分類(DSM、ICD)・構造化面接法・症状評価尺度・生態学的・活動論的アセスメント・行動観察に関する理論と方法中項目（学修目標）：③心理に関する相談、助言、指導等へ①及び②を応用することができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・アセスメントで得られた情報の包括的理解・ケースフォーミュレーションの運用・アウトカムデータの測定と評価・プロセスデータの測定と評価・治療効果に関する情報提供・所見の書き方とフィードバックＣ－２　心理に関する支援Ｃ－２－１　心理に関する支援（基礎）大学における科目名：心理学的支援法ねらい：より良い心理支援に向けたコミュニケーション能力を身につけるとともに、代表的な心理療法・カウンセリング理論及び実践のあり方について学ぶ。中項目（学修目標）：①心理療法及びカウンセリングの共通要素について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理療法及びカウンセリングの共通要素（共感的理解　同盟関係　対象者からのフィードバック）中項目（学修目標）：②良好な人間関係を築くためのコミュニケーション能力を身につける。\t小項目（学修内容）：・良好な人間関係を築くためのコミュニケーションの方法（開かれた質問・閉ざされた質問　非言語的コミュニケーション　動機づけ面接法　コーチング　ナラティブ・アプローチ）中項目（学修目標）：③代表的な心理療法並びにカウンセリングの歴史、概念、意義及び適応について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・精神分析療法・力動的心理療法（自由連想法　直面化・明確化　抵抗や転移の解釈　徹底操作）・芸術療法・表現療法（絵画療法　プレイセラピー　箱庭療法　音楽療法）・行動療法（系統的脱感作法 断行反応法 エクスポ―ジャー法 モデリング法 バイオフィードバック法）・行動分析（ABC分析 強化・消去 消極的罰 トークンシステム ペアレント・トレーニング）・認知療法・認知行動療法（認知の柔軟化  自己教示訓練 アクションプラン）・ストレスと心の健康への支援法（予防教育 セルフモニタリング 対処スキル獲得への支援 リラクセーション技法 ポジティブ心理学的アプローチ）・パーソンセンタード・アプローチ、人間学的アプローチ（非指示的応答［ありのままの受容　表現内容の繰り返し　感情の反射・明確化］ 無条件の肯定的関心 共感的理解 純粋さ自己一致 ロゴセラピー）・日本で創始された心理療法（内観療法　森田療法　臨床動作法）・カウンセリング（成長・開発支援　生涯発達支援　キャリア発達支援　ウェルネス増進支援　エンカウンター・グループ）・集団療法・グループカウンセリング（集団精神療法 アサーション・トレーニング サイコドラマ ゲシュタルト・セラピー ソーシャルスキル・トレーニング）・家族療法（システムズ・アプローチ 二重拘束的コミュニケーション 人生物語の理解 人生の書き変え　リフレーミング）・コミュニティアプローチ（チームアプローチ アウトリーチ コンサルテーション 危機介入 リエゾン・ネットワーク活動）・技法の選択と効果のエビデンス（エビデンス・ベースト・プラクティス メタ分析 システマティック・レビュー ランダム化比較対照試験）中項目（学修目標）：④訪問による支援や地域支援の意義について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・訪問による支援や地域支援（アウトリーチ　多職種・市民連携　リエゾン／ネットワーク活動　コンサルテーション　地域包括ケア）中項目（学修目標）：⑤心理に関する支援を要する者の関係者に対する支援について説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・関係者に対する支援（コンサルテーション　チーム支援　カウンセリング 心理教育 コーディネーション アドバイス）中項目（学修目標）：⑥心の健康教育について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心の健康教育（ストレスチェック ハラスメント対応 ストレス‐コーピング技法 セルフヘルプ ヘルスプロモーション）中項目（学修目標）：⑦心理に関する支援を要する者等のプライバシーに配慮できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・プライバシーへの配慮（個人情報・要配慮個人情報 個人情報保護 個人情報コントロール権 守秘義務 情報開示）Ｃ－２－２　心理に関する支援（実践）大学院における科目名：心理支援に関する理論と実践ねらい：公認心理師の業務の基本として、さまざまな心理療法の理論や方法を理解し、支援を要するものの特性や状況に合わせながら、それらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①力動論に基づく心理療法の理論と方法について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・力動的心理療法の理論と方法・対人関係の発達的理解・治療構造・セラピスト・クライエント関係(転移・逆転移)中項目（学修目標）：②行動論・認知論に基づく心理療法の理論と方法について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・行動療法の理論と方法・認知療法の理論と方法・応用行動分析、臨床行動分析の理論と方法・認知行動療法の理論と方法・クライエントとの協働的関係を築くために必要な基本的態度と方略中項目（学修目標）：③その他の心理療法の理論と方法について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・来談者中心療法の理論と方法・コミュニティ心理学に基づく心理支援の理論と方法・ブリーフセラピー、解決志向アプローチの理論と方法・発達論に基づく心理支援の理論と方法・その他の心理療法の理論と方法中項目（学修目標）：④心理に関する相談、助言、指導等へ①及び③を応用することができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・力動論に基づく実践・力動論に基づく実践の事例検討とスーパービジョン・行動論・認知論に基づく実践・行動論・認知論に基づく実践の事例検討とスーパービジョン・その他の心理療法の実践・卒業論文その他の心理療法の事例検討とスーパービジョン・コンサルテーション、チーム援助の実践・コンサルテーション、チーム援助の事例検討とスーパービジョン中項目（学修目標）：⑤心理に関する支援を要するものの特性や状況に応じた適切な支援方法の選択や調整ができる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・特性や状況に配慮したケースフォーミュレーションと介入の選択と調整・エビデンス・ベースト・トリートメントの選択・マニュアルに沿ったトリートメント・プログラムの実施・被援助者によるプログラム評価・アドヒアランスの評価Ｃ－３　関係者への支援Ｃ－３　家族関係・集団・組織に働きかける心理療法大学院における科目名：家族関係・集団・組織に働きかける心理療法等に関する理論と実践ねらい：公認心理師の業務の基本として、家族や関係者、集団、組織などへの心理支援の理論と方法を理解し、支援を要するものの関係者に対して、それらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①家族関係等集団の関係性に焦点を当てた心理支援の理論と方法を概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・家族のアセスメント・家族への支援中項目（学修目標）：②地域社会や集団・組織に働きかける心理学的援助に関する理論と方法を概説できる。小項目（学修内容）：・集団・組織のアセスメント・集団・組織への支援・地域社会のアセスメント（コミュニティリサーチ、システムレベル、ニーズのアセスメントなど）・地域社会への支援（コンサルテーション、サポートネットワーキング、自助グループなど）・コミュニティアプローチ・多文化支援・アクションリサーチ中項目（学修目標）：③関係者の支援に関して①及び②を応用できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・家族関係への心理支援の応用・集団・組織への心理支援の応用・地域社会への心理支援の応用Ｃ－４　心の健康教育等大学院における科目名：心の健康教育に関する理論と実践ねらい：公認心理師の業務の基本として、健康教育や健康増進に関する理論について理解し、さまざまな心の健康教育を実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①健康教育・健康増進に関する理論を概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・健康教育と健康増進・行動変容のための基礎理論：健康信念モデル、合理的行為理論、計画的行動理論・行動変容ステージ(トランスセオレティカルモデル)・プレシード・プロシードモデル／社会的認知理論／ソーシャル・マーケティング・自己決定理論（動機づけ）中項目（学修目標）：②心の健康教育の生物・心理・社会的必要性を判断できる。小項目（学修内容）：・生物医学モデルから生物心理社会モデルへ・一次予防、二次予防、三次予防・生活習慣病予防：運動、食行動、睡眠・感染症予防・リスク集団・リスクの指標：・依存と嗜癖の疫学・自殺の疫学・事故の統計・災害時のメンタルヘルス・支援者のメンタルヘルス中項目（学修目標）：③(主として)集団を対象とした心の健康教育を実践できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理教育・ストレスマネジメント教育・ソーシャルスキルトレーニング・問題解決訓練・アンガーマネジメント教育・禁煙の支援・喫煙の予防・アルコール健康問題への支援・ギャンブル依存への支援・インターネット、ゲーム依存への支援・その他の依存への支援・自殺対策への支援・生活習慣(食・運動・睡眠)の改善の支援・ハラスメントの予防・危機介入(サイコロジカル・ファースト・エイドを含む)中項目（学修目標）：④心の健康教育に関わる組織や社会活動を支援できる。小項目（学修内容）：・引きこもり対策への支援(アウトリーチを含む)・心の健康を促進させる自助グループの実際・コミュニティへのエンパワーメント(ボランティア、NPO、NGO を含む)・高齢者の孤立・閉じこもりへの支援・自殺予防活動への支援Ｄ　主要５分野等における実践の心理学Ｄ－１　健康・医療に関する心理学Ｄ－１－１　健康・医療に関する心理学（基礎）大学における科目名：健康・医療心理学ねらい：健康の維持と増進および疾病の予防と治療に関わる基礎的な理論と心理社会的課題について理解し、必要となる心理的支援法を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①日常の健康行動・予防行動と生活習慣について概観できる\t小項目（学修内容）：・健康行動（予防行動、手洗い、マスク、予防接種、健康診断、歯磨き）・食行動(食行動の発達、肥満、やせ、ダイエット、欠食、メタボリックシンドローム)・運動・身体活動(摂取エネルギーと消費エネルギー、健康のための身体活動基準、座位行動)・睡眠・休養(概日リズム、睡眠段階、睡眠の質、睡眠指針、睡眠覚醒障害)・健康リスク行動(薬物、喫煙、飲酒、ギャンブル、ゲーム、リスク認知)、ポジティブヘルス中項目（学修目標）：②ストレスと心身の疾病との関係について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・ストレスの心理とアセスメント(ストレッサー・ストレス反応の評価尺度 ストレス‐コーピング過程 トランスアクショナル・モデル ストレス緩和要因) ・ストレスの生理と心身の疾病(汎適応症候群 セリエの学説 心身症 メンタルヘルスの低下 精神神経内分泌免疫系 コルチゾール 自律神経系) ・心の健康とストレスマネジメント(ストレス・モデルに基づくストレスマネジメント 健康づくりカウンセリング リラクセーション コーピング)中項目（学修目標）：③保健活動が行われている現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・さまざまな保健活動（一次・二次・三次予防 セルフケア 望ましい健康行動の変容 ポピュレーション・アプローチ　動機づけ面接）・健康支援活動とストレスチェック（ストレスチェック制度 労働安全衛生法 職業性ストレスに関する理論モデル 職業性ストレス簡易調査票 職場環境の改善 運動・栄養・休養による介入） ・自殺予防活動（自殺のリスク要因 社会資源の活用 社会啓発・心理教育 自殺未遂者・遺族への支援中項目（学修目標）：④医療現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・医療現場における活動の基本(多職種連携・多職種協働　チーム医療 メディカルスタッフ 患者中心の医療 生物・心理・社会モデル   [患者の]自己決定権／[患者の]自己決定医療 医療者－患者関係)・保健・医療における法律・制度・倫理(医療法 保健師助産師看護師法 精神保健福祉士法 社会福祉士及び看護福祉士法 情報開示・共有 患者の権利 インフォームド・コンセント 生命倫理教育)・精神科［小児・思春期］  (知的障害 児童虐待 自閉症スペクトラム症 いじめ 不登校 ひきこもり 家庭内暴力 摂食障害 反社会的行動）・精神科［成人期］ （統合失調症 気分障害 不安障害 がん 難病 依存症　エイズ）・精神科［高齢期］ （睡眠障害 認知症 がん終末期 遺族ケア 自殺）・医療観察法指定医療機関  （医療観察法 触法精神障害者 高規格精神病棟 心身喪失）・心療内科・内科  （心身症 ストレス性疾患 慢性疼痛 臓器移植 脳死 慢性疾患 生活習慣病 プライマリ・ヘルスケア）・小児科・母子保健領域  （不妊治療 遺伝医療 マタニティーブルー［産褥期うつ病］ 発達障害 学習障害 小児がん 先天性疾患 育児不安 虐待）・神経科・リハビリテーション領域（てんかん 神経難病 高次精神機能障害 脳血管障害後遺症 障害受容 アルツハイマー病 パーキンソン病）・さまざまな医療現場［高齢者医療，先端医療等］とコンサルテーション（延命治療 尊厳死 臓器移植 高度先駆的医療 がんの先進医療 在宅医療 心理相談 多職種連携）中項目（学修目標）：⑤災害時等に必要な心理に関する支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・災害時等に必要な心理に関する支援（心理的ファーストエイド 外傷後ストレス障害 レジリエンス 支援者への後方支援）Ｄ－１－２　健康・医療に関する心理学（実践）大学院における科目名：保健医療分野に関する理論と支援の展開ねらい：保健医療分野における公認心理師の業務として、健康・医療に関する心理学に関する理論や方法を理解し、分野の特徴や文脈に合わせながらそれらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①保健医療分野に関する基礎的知識を有し、説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・医学と医療・医療安全(感染症予防の知識を含む)・内科症候学と内科診断学・生活習慣病と心身症・精神保健福祉・地域保健(生活習慣病の予防と健康教育)・神経系の構造と機能・保健医療分野に関わる法規と制度・医療保険制度と公認心理師が関係する診療報酬中項目（学修目標）：②医療分野での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・医療現場(含むチーム医療)における公認心理師の役割と主な業務・予診の取り方・診療録の書き方・患者との面接の進め方・一般身体科を含む医療機関におけるメンタルケア中項目（学修目標）：③精神科・心療内科での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・精神科症候学、精神科診断学、精神疾患の国際的診断基準 (DSM、ICD)・精神科病院・診療所(クリニック)・心療内科病院・診療所(クリニック)・向精神薬療法の基礎知識・個人への心理支援・集団療法による心理支援・精神科・心療内科における心理アセスメント(自殺リスクの評価を含む)中項目（学修目標）：④保健活動が行われている現場での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・さまざまな保健活動・健康支援活動とストレスチェック・自殺予防活動・災害時等に必要な心理に関する支援Ｄ－２　福祉・家族に関する心理学Ｄ－２－１　福祉・家族に関する心理学（基礎）大学における科目名：福祉・家族心理学ねらい：福祉分野における心理社会的課題や支援など公認心理師が必要とする知識・技能を理解し、家族の機能や家族関係などの家族心理学の基本的事項を修得し、公認心理師の実践の基礎とする。中項目（学修目標）：①福祉現場において生じる問題及びその背景について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・社会福祉の動向と理念(社会福祉法などの法制度、ノーマライゼーション クオリティ・オブ・ライフ エンパワメント　ストレングス)・福祉現場における活動の基本（ソーシャル・インクルージョン　エコロジカル［生態学的］モデル　多職種連携・協働）・福祉分野の活動における倫理（尊厳・自己決定　自己実現　権利擁護［アドボカシー］）・福祉現場において生じる問題（暴力、自傷、対人トラブル、いじめ、孤立、虐待、災害弱者、職員の疲弊）・福祉分野における心理職の役割（要心理支援者支援、支援者支援、医療との連携）・福祉における心理アセスメント・福祉における心理学的支援（信頼関係の構築、認知行動療法　社会生活技能訓練［SST］、行動分析、コンサルテーション）中項目（学修目標）：②家族の心理について理解し説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・家族の機能（性に関わる機能 育児や子どもの養育・社会化に関わる機能 情緒に関わる機能）・家族内の関係（家族システム論 夫婦関係 親子関係 きょうだい関係 家族の発達段階）・不適切な養育　虐待　家庭内暴力　夫婦間暴力(DV)・家族療法（生態学的システム論）中項目（学修目標）：③児童福祉および家庭福祉の現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・児童福祉関連法規・児童福祉施設・サービス　社会的擁護　児童相談所の役割　ヤングケアラー・家庭福祉分野の活動（貧困・ひとり親家庭　DV［ドメスティック・バイオレンス］　子育て支援、ひきこもり、社会的孤立）・児童福祉における心理アセスメント（アタッチメント、発達特性、トラウマ・小児期逆境体験［ACE］、家族関係）・児童福祉における心理支援（トラウマインフォームドケア、行動分析、環境調整）中項目（学修目標）：④高齢者福祉の現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・高齢者福祉関連法規・高齢者福祉施設・サービス　在宅福祉　手段的日常生活動作［IADL］・認知症（認知症の医学　患者・介護者への支援）・高齢者福祉における心理アセスメント（認知機能、認知症の周辺症状［BPSD］、QOL、エンドオブライフ）・高齢者福祉における心理支援（回想法、行動分析、認知症ケア、介護者支援）中項目（学修目標）：⑤障害者福祉の現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・障害者福祉関連法規・障害者福祉施設・サービス　セルフヘルプグループ　就労支援・障害者福祉における心理アセスメント（障害受容、スティグマ、精神疾患）・障害者福祉における心理支援（心理教育、リカバリー支援、就労支援）中項目（学修目標）：⑥虐待についての基本的知識を習得している。\t小項目（学修内容）：・虐待（児童虐待　高齢者虐待　障害者虐待　被虐待児への支援）・虐待への対応の原則Ｄ－２－２　福祉・家族に関する心理学（実践）大学院における科目名：福祉分野に関する理論と支援の展開ねらい：福祉分野における公認心理師の業務として、福祉・家族に関する心理学に関する理論や方法を理解し、分野の特徴や文脈に合わせながらそれらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①福祉分野に関する基礎的知識を有し、説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・国際生活機能分類（ICF）・福祉分野に関わる法規と制度中項目（学修目標）：②家庭に関する問題や介護者（障害児・者、高齢者を含む）に対する実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・児童虐待問題への理解と支援・子育て支援対策・高齢者(認知症を含む)の介護者(家族・介護職)への心理支援・高齢者虐待問題への理解と支援・家庭内暴力(DV)の理解と支援中項目（学修目標）：③障害児/障害者に対する実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・発達障害児者の理解と支援・知的障害児者の理解と支援・障害者虐待問題への理解と支援・早期発達支援・療育・児童発達支援事業/放課後等デイサービス・障害者就労支援とジョブコーチ・家族支援(ペアレント・トレーニング、兄弟への支援を含む)・重度心身障害児の理解と支援・強度行動障害の理解と支援中項目（学修目標）：④高齢者介護・福祉に対する実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・高齢期の心理的問題の理解と支援・認知症の理解と支援・早期診断補助・介入・非薬物的介入(応用行動分析、回想法、認知活性化療法、認知リハビリテーションなど)・意思決定支援(財産管理、遺言、アドバンスケアプランニングなど)・慢性疾患の理解と支援（終末期ケア、ベストサポーティブケア、家族支援）・アウトリーチＤ－３　教育に関する心理学Ｄ－３－１　教育に関する心理学（基礎）大学における科目名：教育・学校心理学ねらい：学齢期の子どもの発達と教育に関する基礎理論，子どもの心理的問題について理解することに加えて，必要となるアセスメントの方法と心理的支援法を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①教育の現状と教育に関する制度について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・教育現場を取り巻く現状（幼児教育・保育の動向　生徒指導・教育相談の動向　特別支援教育の動向　ICTの動向）・教育に関する制度や法律（教育に関する権利と義務   教育基本法 学校教育法　いじめ防止対策推進法　発達障害者支援法　障害者差別解消法）中項目（学修目標）：②教育分野における基本的理論について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・認知・学習と発達（知能，個人的要因と環境要因の相互作用　学習・認知のメカニズム　認知・言語の発達と学習）・教授法（学習意欲　集団と学習　教授法　個人差と適性処遇交互作用　授業のユニバーサルデザイン　授業づくり・学級づくり）・感情・社会行動の発達(感情の発達，社会行動の発達，ソーシャルスキル)中項目（学修目標）：③教育現場において生じる問題及びその背景について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・学校における問題の理解（学習面・心理社会面・健康面・進路面の問題　不登校　いじめ　非行・暴力行為　発達障害による困難）・家庭における問題の理解（児童虐待　貧困　介護）中項目（学修目標）：④教育現場で必要なアセスメントについて概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理社会的アセスメント（学習の達成度・学習スタイル，知能，発達障害の傾向［ASDやADHD,SLDなど］，内在化問題[不安や抑うつなど]，外在化［攻撃性，非行など］）・環境や対人関係のアセスメント（学級・学校の課題、家庭の課題、地域の課題　教師―生徒関係、教師－保護者関係、生徒同士の関係，家族間の関係）中項目（学修目標）：⑤教育現場における心理社会的課題及び必要な支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・教育分野における心理的支援の種類（スクールカウンセリング，教育相談，学生相談，特別支援教育に関わる巡回相談）・教育分野における心理的支援の技法（カウンセリング　認知行動療法　心の健康教育　学習・発達支援　個別の指導計画・個別の教育支援計画　危機管理・介入）・援助者・関係者への心理学的支援（保護者・教職員・地域社会の連携　コンサルテーション　チーム学校）Ｄ－３－２　教育に関する心理学（実践）大学院における科目名：教育分野に関する理論と支援の展開ねらい：教育分野における公認心理師の業務として、教育に関する心理学に関する理論や方法を理解し、分野の特徴や文脈に合わせながらそれらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①教育分野に関する基礎的知識を有し、説明できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・教育相談・生徒指導・学習支援の基盤・発達障害と特別支援教育・インクルーシブ教育・キャリア教育・チーム学校・ユニバーサルデザインと合理的配慮・学生相談・学校における倫理的配慮(守秘義務を含む)・多文化的背景を持つ子どもの心理的理解と支援・教育分野に関わる関連法規と制度中項目（学修目標）：②学校での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・教育分野における公認心理師の役割と主な業務・不登校およびいじめ問題の理解と支援・スクールカウンセリング・心理教育的アセスメント・コンサルテーションとコーディネーション・学習・発達支援・緊急支援（虐待、自傷・他害行為、自然災害など）Ｄ－４　司法・犯罪に関する心理学Ｄ－４－１　司法・犯罪に関する心理学（基礎）大学における科目名：司法・犯罪心理学ねらい：司法・犯罪に関する心理学に関わる知識を身につけるとともに、関連する問題に対し必要な心理に関する支援を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①犯罪・非行，犯罪被害及び家事事件についての基本的知識を概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・司法・犯罪分野の制度・法律・職種(刑法　刑事訴訟法　民事訴訟法　刑事施設法[旧監獄法]　少年法[少年院法　少年鑑別所法]　医療観察法　児童虐待防止法　DV防止法　高齢者虐待防止法　障害者虐待防止法　犯罪被害者等基本法　道路交通法　家事事件手続法　民法（家族法）　法務技官　法務教官　家庭裁判所調査官　児童相談所心理司　児童相談所福祉司)　・司法・犯罪分野での活動の倫理(個人情報と守秘義務　臨床活動の倫理　鑑定・専門証言における倫理　刑事訴訟法違反[開示証拠の目的外使用]　プロファイリング　嘘の検出　心理学鑑定　精神鑑定)・各機関における活動(警察[少年センター　犯罪被害者支援室　科捜研・科警研]  家庭裁判所[家事部　少年部] 少年鑑別所 少年院 刑務所 保護観察所　医療観察法指定医療機関 児童相談所　児童自立支援施設　市町村　交通安全指導部署　民間団体[犯罪被害者支援センター等])　・犯罪・非行の原因と支援(犯罪原因論　犯罪と環境　罰と抑止　矯正・更生[リハビリテーション]とプログラム　修復的司法)・犯罪被害への支援(司法面接　ワンストップサービス[付添い支援等を含む　ソーシャル・サポート]　カウンセリング[認知行動療法等]　ADR)・家事事件(家事面接　ハーグ条約　親権にかかわる法律　面会交流　片親疎外症候群)中項目（学修目標）：②司法・犯罪分野における問題に対して必要な心理に関する支援について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・司法・犯罪分野における心理学的アセスメント(アセスメントの次元と手法 再犯のリスク評価 プロファイリング　ポリグラフ検査 司法面接法)・司法・犯罪分野における心理学的援助 (処遇プログラム 認知行動療法［怒りコントロール等］  犯罪防止と地域社会への情報提供)・法と心理学(裁判心理学 取調べと供述の心理学 目撃供述の心理学)Ｄ－４－２　司法・犯罪に関する心理学（実践）大学院における科目名：司法・犯罪分野に関する理論と支援の展開ねらい：司法分野における公認心理師の業務として、司法・犯罪に関する心理学に関する理論や方法を理解し、分野の特徴や文脈に合わせながらそれらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①司法・犯罪分野に関する基礎的知識を有し、説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・少年司法と非行心理学・刑事司法と犯罪心理学・リスク・ニーズ・反応性原則・グッド・ライブズ・モデル・薬物犯罪・性的犯罪・家事事件・薬物依存離脱・ギャンブル依存離脱・触法精神障害者を取り巻く諸問題・高齢者犯罪(加齢や認知症に伴う犯罪)・司法・犯罪分野に関わる関連法規と制度・犯罪被害者施策、犯罪被害者支援の理解中項目（学修目標）：②司法・犯罪分野での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・犯罪・非行のアセスメント(参与観察を含む)・リスクアセスメント・精神鑑定と心理鑑定・認知面接と司法面接・施設内処遇と社会内処遇・犯罪に関わる認知・行動変容の理解と支援・犯罪予防・急性期介入（サイコロジカルファーストエイド等）・被害者支援（アドボケイト、心理社会的支援）・PTSD等トラウマ関連疾患の治療（トラウマ焦点化認知行動療法、EMDR、遷延性悲嘆症治療等）・トラウマインフォームドケア・供述弱者支援・性犯罪再犯防止・DV加害者への予防プログラム・リラプス・プリベンション・法と心理学（裁判心理学，供述心理学，目撃証言）Ｄ－５　産業・組織に関する心理学Ｄ－５－１　産業・組織に関する心理学（基礎）大学における科目名：産業・組織心理学ねらい：職場や組織における人の行動に関する基礎的な理論と課題について学ぶ。さらに、職場や組織で生じる諸問題に対する理解を深める。中項目（学修目標）：①職場の安全衛生とメンタルヘルス、組織の人的資源管理への理解を深める\t小項目（学修内容）：・安全衛生と作業改善(作業研究　エルゴノミクス　ヒューマンエラー　リスクアセスメント　安全文化　安全マネジメント)・ストレスとメンタルヘルス(疲労　職業性ストレス　バーンアウト　ワークエンゲイジメント　産業カウンセリング　ストレスチェック制度　ＥＡＰ[従業員支援プログラム])　・人的資源管理とキャリア(採用活動　職業適性アセスメント　人事評価　職業選択理論　キャリア発達　キャリアカウンセリング　ワークライフバランス　ダイバーシティ　ディセントワーク)・産業・組織分野の法律(労働基準法　労働契約法　労働安全衛生法　過労死防止対策推進法　男女雇用機会均等法)中項目（学修目標）：②組織や産業に関わる人間行動への理解を深める\t小項目（学修内容）：・組織行動(組織の意思決定　集団の生産性　組織開発　ワークモチベーション　職務満足　リーダーシップ　チームワーク　ハラスメント）　　　　　　　　　　　・消費者行動(マスメディア　マーケティング　リスクコミュニケーション　消費者の購買行動　消費者保護)Ｄ－５－２　産業・組織に関する心理学（実践）大学院における科目名：産業・労働分野に関する理論と支援の展開ねらい：産業・労働分野における公認心理師の業務として、産業・組織に関する心理学に関する理論や方法を理解し、分野の特徴や文脈に合わせながらそれらを実践する力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①産業・労働分野に関する基礎的知識を有し、説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・創造的で健康な組織(コンプライアンス、ガバナンス、個人情報管理)、ダイバーシティ・マネジメント・労働市場把握と人的資源管理(能力開発)・モチベーション、リーダーシップ、チームワーク・労働安全衛生、安全配慮義務、ワークライフバランス・活動成果の価値向上と社会的責任・産業・労働分野に関わる関連法規と制度(働き方改革、労災認定と事業者責任、過労死)中項目（学修目標）：②産業・労働分野での実践について概説できる。\t小項目（学修内容）：・組織(職場)風土の測定、診断、組織文化、組織開発・職業性ストレスに関する諸理論と職場の対策、ストレスチェック制度とその運用、職場のメンタルヘルスケア、復職支援・コンピテンシーの評価、開発育成(マニュアルの意義と作成、メンタリング、コーチング)・採用と面接、心理アセスメントの活用、人事評価、給与報酬、昇進・昇格管理、職務の設計、訓練と人材育成、キャリア支援(キャ リアコンサルティング、ジョブカード制度、セルフ・キャリア ドック制度)、退職準備支援・ハラスメント、コンフリクト、自殺防止方策など危機対応・多様な労働者、多職種、各種社会資源との連携、EAP、協働促進・多様なステークスホルダーとの連携(経営層、労働組合など)・ポジティブメンタルヘルス(ワーク・エンゲイジメントなど)・仕事外の要因(ワークライフバランス、リカバリー経験)・社会・経済・行政の動き(働き方改革、健康経営)・新しい働き方(リモートワーク、在宅勤務、サテライトオフィス、コワーキングオフィス、シェアオフィスなど)Ｅ．心理演習大学における科目名：心理演習ねらい：心理演習は，役割演技（ロールプレイング）や実践報告（症例研究）などを利用して，公認心理師としての基本的な水準の知識及び技能を修得する科目である。中項目（学修目標）：①知識及び技能の基本的な水準の修得を目的とし，次に掲げる事項について，役割演技（ロールプレイング）とその振り返り，あるいは実践報告（症例研究）などを利用してディスカッションを行う。\t小項目（学修内容）：（ア）心理に関する支援を要する者等に関する以下の知識及び技能の修得・コミュニケーション（傾聴の基本技法）・心理検査（説明と同意（導入），特定の検査の実施，検査所見の作成，フィードバック）・心理面接（面接構造の理解，傾聴の基本技法を活用した関わり応答）・地域支援（実践報告（症例研究）などを利用したディスカッション）（イ）心理に関する支援を要する者等の理解とニーズの把握及び支援計画の作成・代表的事例を想定した面接（導入，ケースフォーミュレーション，記録の作成）・実践報告（症例研究）のディスカッション（ウ）心理に関する支援を要する者の現実生活を視野に入れたチームアプローチの場面想定・代表的事例を想定した面接（生活状況・既往歴などの聴取）・実践報告（症例研究）のディスカッション（エ）多職種連携及び地域連携・代表的事例を想定した多職種への面接（生物・心理・社会的アセスメントを通じた多職種連携，地域連携，コンサルテーション）・実践報告（症例研究）のディスカッション（オ）公認心理師としての職業倫理及び法的義務への理解・代表的事例を想定した面接（守秘義務，通報（通告義務）の伝え方）＊心理演習の指導体制について\t\t1）心理演習の指導体制について以下のいずれかを満たす者とする。１．公認心理師としての業務に従事する教員２．所定の講習会を受講した者2）心理演習を担当する教員の配置人数履修者15人につき教員１人以上を配置する。なお，実習生が15人を超え，１人から10人増加するごとに実習指導教員あるいは実習指導補助教員（実習助手等）*を１人加える。*実習・演習指導補助教員公認心理師業務を２年以上経験した者であれば実習指導教員の指示の下，実習指導を行うことができる。Ｆ　心理実習Ｆ－１　心理実習大学における科目名：心理実習ねらい：心理実習は，実践的理解を深める科目である。基本的な資質と能力を意識しながら，チームアプローチや多職種連携・地域連携，職業倫理及び法的義務などを体験的に理解する。中項目（学修目標）：①公認心理師の実践の現場におけるチームアプローチや多職種連携・地域連携、職業倫理及び法的義務などの実際を理解する。\t小項目（学修内容）：（ア） 心理に関する支援を要する者へのチームアプローチ（イ） 多職種連携及び地域連携（ウ） 公認心理師としての職業倫理及び法的義務への理解＊心理実習の条件と指導体制について\t\t1）実習施設主要５分野に関する具体的な施設については「公認心理師法施行規則第三条第三項の規定に基づき文部科学大臣及び厚生労働大臣が別に定める施設」（平成29年文部科学省・厚生労働省告示第５号）のとおり。）とする。実習生は、これらの施設において、見学等による実習を行いながら、学修目標について、当該施設の実習指導者又は教員による指導を受ける。上で指定された機関であれば分野を問わないが、医療機関（病院又は診療所）での実習を含めることが望ましい。2）実習担当教員　実習を担当する教員は、実習生の実習状況について把握し、学修目標について基本的な水準の修得ができるように、実習生及び実習施設の指導者との連絡調整を密に行う。3）実習時間　各大学の判断で、1単位の場合は30時間（あるいは45時間）、2単位の場合は60時間（あるいは90時間）とする。【時間数設定の根拠】大学設置基準では，実験・実習・演習の単位は「30時間（あるいは45時間）をもって１単位」とされていることから，現行の「80時間」では大学教務関係の規程との齟齬が生じる可能性がある。また，心理実習の学修目標は「チームアプローチ」「多職種連携及び地域連携」「職業倫理及び法的義務の理解」であり，当該項目は心理演習の科目において学習が済んでおり，心理実習では見学による体験的理解が主となる。学習済の内容に関する体験的理解であれば，現行の80時間は要しないと考えられる。さらに，『公認心理師の資質向上に向けた実習に関する調査』（国立精神・神経医療研究センター，2020）によると，実習の実態について，実習施設側の体制整備が課題であると回答した施設の割合が69.8%〜77.8%であったことが報告されている。したがって，まずは当面，現状の「80時間」から若干の削減を行い，実習施設側の体制整備を行うことが，長期的には公認心理師の資質向上に結びつくのではないかと考えられる。4）大学における心理実習の指導体制について　「実習演習担当教員」と「実習演習補助教員」のいずれかとする。　実習演習担当教員は、以下のいずれも満たす者とする。    １．公認心理師の資格を取得後５年以上公認心理師としての業務に従事した者    ２．所定の講習会を受講した者 　実習演習補助教員は，公認心理師業務を２年以上経験したものであれば実習演習担当教員の指示の下，実習演習指導を行うことができる。5）大学における心理実習を担当する教員の配置人数（学内で実施される事前指導・事後指導等）履修者15人につき教員１人以上を配置する。なお，実習生が15人を超え，１人から10人増加するごとに実習演習担当教員あるいは実習演習補助教員（実習助手等）*を１人加える。*実習演習補助教員公認心理師業務を２年以上経験した者であれば実習演習担当教員の指示の下，実習演習指導を行うことができる。6）学外の施設に所属する心理実習指導者の要件　以下のいずれも満たす者とする。 　1. 公認心理師の資格を取得後５年以上公認心理師としての業務に従事した者　2. 所定の講習会を受講した者７)学外の施設における心理実習を担当する教員の配置人数（学外で実施される引率指導・巡回指導等）　実習の形態をいくつかに分類し，その形態に応じて教員の配置人数が決める。単回の見学実習：実習生30人につき教員１人以上を配置する。なお，実習生が30人を超え，１人から10人増加するごとに実習演習担当教員あるいは実習演習補助教員（実習助手等）*を１人加える。複数回にわたる継続した参加形態の実習：実習生15人につき教員１人以上を配置する。なお，実習生が15人を超え，１人から10人増加するごとに実習演習担当教員あるいは実習演習補助教員（実習助手等）*を１人加える。*実習演習補助教員公認心理師業務を２年以上経験した者であれば実習演習担当教員の指示の下，実習指導を行うことができる。Ｆ－２　心理実践実習　大学院における科目名：心理実践実習ねらい：心理実践実習は、これまでに得た知識・技能の基礎的な理解の上に、心理に関する支援を要する者等に対して支援を実践しながら、公認心理師に必要な知識・技能を修得する。中項目（学修目標）：①心理に関する支援を要する者等に対して支援を実践しながら、公認心理師に必要な知識・技能を修得する。小項目（学修内容）：(ア) 心理に関する支援を要する者等に関する以下の知識及び技能の修得（１）コミュニケーション（２）心理検査（３）心理面接（４）地域支援 等(イ) 心理に関する支援を要する者等の理解とニーズの把握及び支援計画の作成(ウ) 心理に関する支援を要する者へのチームアプローチ(エ) 多職種連携及び地域連携(オ) 公認心理師としての職業倫理及び法的義務への理解＊心理実践実習の条件と指導体制について\t\t1）実習施設＜現行＞主要５分野のうち３分野以上の施設において、実習を実施することが望ましい。ただし、医療機関における実習は必須とするべきこと。なお、医療機関以外の施設においては、見学を中心とする実習を実施しても差し支えない。なお、大学又は大学院に設置されている心理職を養成するための相談室における実習は、心理実践実習の時間に含めて差し支えないが、主要５分野のいずれにも含まれないこと。なお、主要５分野に関する具体的な施設については「公認心理師法施行規則第三条第三項の規定に基づき文部科学大臣及び厚生労働大臣が別に定める施設」（平成29年文部科学省・厚生労働省告示第５号）のとおり。）とする。＜提案＞高度な専門職養成には実習時間の確保が必要である一方，現状では負担が大きいものとなっているため，実習科目の仕組み（時間 / 指導方法）を再考する必要がある。2）実習時間＜現行＞心理実践実習の時間は、450 時間以上とすること。また、実習において担当ケース（心理に関する支援を要する者等を対象とした心理的支援等）に関する実習時間は計 270 時間以上（うち、学外施設における当該実習時間は 90 時間以上）とするべきこと。＜提案＞高度な専門職養成には実習時間の確保が必要である一方，現状では負担が大きいものとなっているため，実習科目の仕組み（時間 / 指導方法）を再考する必要がある。『公認心理師の養成や資質向上に向けた実習に関する調査』（国立精神・神経医療研究センター，2020）では，下記のとおり，「多職種連携とコミュニケーション能力の向上」が公認心理師に必要な知識やスキルであると捉えられており，公認心理師に必要な基本的知識・技術はこの点に大きく集約されるといえる。「多職種連携とコミュニケーション能力の向上」を目的とした実習内容であれば，450時間もの実習時間が必ずしも必要であるとは言えない。 出典：『公認心理師の養成や資質向上に向けた実習に関する調査』（国立精神・神経医療研究センター，2020）心理実践実習の時間として，240時間〜360時間（大学設置基準：８単位分）を提案する（担当ケースに関する実習時間＝150時間）。なお，担当ケースに関する実習については，大学院在学中に担当したケースについてのケースレポートの作成を課し，当該レポートの成果が評価の一部とされることを提案する。3）大学院における心理実践実習の指導体制について＜現行＞　実習演習担当教員は、公認心理師の資格を取得した後、法第２条各号に掲げる行為の業務に５年以上従事した経験を有する者であって、かつ、実習演習担当教員を養成するために行う講習会であって文部科学大臣及び厚生労働大臣が別に定める基準を満たすものとしてあらかじめ文部科学大臣及び厚生労働大臣に届け出られたものを修了した者であること。＜提案＞若手教員が実習・演習科目を担当することができないため，一部の教員への負担増となっている。そこで、実習指導教員と実習指導補助教員という２つのカテゴリーを設定し，実習指導教員はこの基準でよいが，実習指導補助教員は，公認心理師業務を２年以上経験したものであれば実習指導教員の指示の下，実習指導を行うことができるとする。4）大学院における心理実践実習を担当する教員の配置人数＜現行＞実習生５人につき教員一人とする。＜提案＞若手教員が実習・演習科目を担当することができないため，一部の教員への負担増となっている。そこで、実習生５人につき実習指導教員あるいは実習指導補助教員一人とする。5)学外の施設における心理実践実習を担当する指導者の指導体制＜現行＞以下のいずれも満たす者とする。 1. 公認心理師の資格を取得後５年以上公認心理師としての業務に従事した者2. 所定の講習会を受講した者＜提案＞現行のとおりとする。なお、所定の講習会の早期実施を要望する。6)学外の施設における心理実践実習を担当する指導者の配置人数＜現行＞実習生５人につき指導者一人とする。＜提案＞若手教員が実習・演習科目を担当することができないため，一部の教員への負担増となっている。そこで、実習生５人につき実習指導教員あるいは実習指導補助教員一人とする。7）指導方法＜現行＞（１）施行規則第３条第３項に規定する実習施設は、実習担当教員による巡回指導が可能な範囲で選定し、巡回指導は、実習期間中、概ね週１回以上定期的に行うこと。（２）各実習施設における実習計画が、当該実習施設との連携の下に定められていること。（３）実習において知り得た個人の秘密の保持について、実習生が十分配慮するよう指導すること。（４）実習内容、実習指導体制及び実習中のリスク管理等については、各実習施設との間で十分に協議し確認を行うこと。（５）実習を実施する際には、健康診断等の方法により、実習生が良好な健康状態にあることを確認した上で実施すること。（６）実習の指導を実施する際には、次の点に留意すること。ア 心理実習及び心理実践実習を効果的に進めるため、実習生用の「実習指導マニュアル」及び実習の振り返りや評価を行うための「実習記録ノート」等を作成し、実習の指導に活用すること。イ 実習後においては、実習生ごとに実習内容についての達成度を評価し、必要な個別指導を行うこと。ウ 実習の達成度等の評価基準を明確にし、評価に際しては実習施設の実習指導者の評定はもとより、実習生本人の自己評価についても考慮して行うこと。＜提案＞高度な専門職養成には実習時間の確保が必要である一方，現状では負担が大きいものとなっているため，実習科目の仕組み（時間 / 指導方法）を再考する必要がある。現行では，各養成大学が同様の内容の実習に参加しているものの，実習記録ノートの活用や実習指導マニュアルを利用した指導・評価を手探り状態で実施しているため，負担が大きい。実習の基本マニュアルを作成し，各大学が運用することによって長期的には負担が減少することが期待される。 Ｇ 卒業論文大学における科目名：卒業研究・卒業論文ねらい：卒業研究・卒業論文は、学生自らがテーマを発見し、計画を立てて実行し解決をはかることにより、心理学の根本的態度を体得する科目である。心理学研究は学術的知見やエビデンスを進歩させ、公認心理師の専門性を確立するために必須であり、大学においては「心理学研究法」「心理学統計法」「心理学実験」で一般的な基礎を学び、学生自らが計画し遂行する卒業研究・卒業論文において心理学の本質的な学修が完成する。これにより公認心理師の職責としての問題発見・解決能力と生涯にわたる研究への志向や意欲の基盤を作る。中項目（学修目標）：①問題発見・解決能力と生涯にわたる研究への志向や意欲を身につけるために、研究の意義と位置づけを理解できる　［意義と研究への志向の涵養］\t小項目（学修内容）：・心理学研究は、心理学の学術的知見やエビデンスを発展させ、支援対象者の利益を増進させることを目的とすることを説明できる。・心理学研究は、公認心理師の科学者－実践家モデルとしての専門性やエビデンスに対する基本的な態度を確立し、また、現場での実践における課題発見・解決能力を向上させるなど点で、公認心理師の職責において必須であることを説明できる。・研究の自立性と独創性を理解し、新たな課題にチャレンジする創造的精神を涵養する。中項目（学修目標）：②自らが実施する研究に必要な方法を理解し、統制のとれた研究計画を立てることができる　［研究の計画］\t小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施する研究課題に関する国内外の研究成果を調査することができる。・先行研究に対する批判的思考を身につけ、新たな問題を発見できる創造的精神を涵養する。・自らが設定したテーマの問題を解決するために、研究計画を立案することができる。・自らが設定した問題を解決するために適した心理学の実証的方法を選択することができる。・自らが得た研究結果を整理解釈するための適切な統計的方法を選択することができる。中項目（学修目標）：③自らが実施する研究に必要な倫理を理解し、それを遵守して研究を遂行できる　［倫理］\t小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施する研究に関係する倫理指針、対象者の人権擁護、個人情報の取扱い、研究不正の回避などの知識を理解し説明できる。・自らが実施する研究において倫理的配慮に関する計画を立案できる。・自らが立案した倫理的配慮に関する計画を遵守して研究を実施することができる。中項目（学修目標）：④自らが作成した研究計画にもとづき、知識や技能を総合的に活用して研究を遂行し、問題発見・解決能力を培う　［研究活動の遂行］\t小項目（学修内容）：・自らが立てた研究計画に従い、これまで獲得した知識や技能を総合的に活用して、研究を遂行できる。・研究の各プロセスを適切に記録することができる。・適切な統計的方法を実施して実証的に解釈することができる。・研究結果について、適切で合理的な推論にもとづいて解釈し、考察することができる。・研究成果にもとづいて新たな仮説を設定し、それを解決するための手段を提案するなど、新たな次の研究につなげることができる。中項目（学修目標）：⑤自らが実施した研究成果を発表し、科学的報告書を作成することができる　［研究の発表］\t小項目（学修内容）：・研究成果について効果的なプレゼンテーションを行い、適切な質疑応答ができる。・研究成果をまとめ、科学的報告書を作成することができる。中項目（学修目標）：⑥自らが実施した研究成果を考察し公認心理師の実践に適用することができる　［実践への適用］小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施した研究成果を批判的に吟味し、その適用可能範囲や限界を踏まえた上で、現場の実践の問題解決に活用する方法を考察することができる。・研究で得た知識をもとに、支援対象者のアセスメント、心理的援助、心の健康教育など公認心理師の実践の深化へとつなげることができる。・自らが研究を遂行するプロセスにおいて、公認心理師としての問題発見と問題解決の能力を養い、生涯にわたる研究活動への志向や意欲を身につける。＊卒業研究・卒業論文の必要性について　現行では、卒業研究・卒業論文はカリキュラムには含まれていない。2016年度の公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会においてはカリキュラムに含めることも話題となったが、実現することなく現在に至っている。公大協においては、卒業研究・卒業論文を必修にすべきであるという意見は強く、コアカリキュラムにおいては、独自の大項目として立てることにした。○卒業研究・卒業論文の必要性（まとめ）　卒業研究・卒業論文は、以下の点で、公認心理師の養成において必要である。・学生自らがテーマを発見し、計画を立てて実行し解決をはかることにより、公認心理師として必要な問題発見・問題解決の能力が身につく。・心理学的知見やエビデンスを進歩させ、公認心理師の専門性を確立するために必須である。・公認心理師の実践現場における問題を発見し、それを実証的な手段で解決する能力が培われる。・「心理学研究法」「心理学統計法」「心理学実験」において研究の一般的な基礎を学び、卒業研究・卒業論文において個別の研究をおこなうことで、心理学の本質的な学修が完成する。また、逆に，卒業研究を完成させることで，心理学の基礎的・各論的な知識の習得を確認することができる。・長期的な自主研鑽を継続して積む能力が養われ、柔軟な思考力、表現力が培われる。これにより生涯にわたる研究への志向や意欲の基盤となる。○卒業研究・卒業論文の必要性　　日本学術会議の提言等　日本学術会議の提言や報告において、卒業研究・卒業論文の必要性が繰り返し強く主張されてきた。報告「大学教育の分野別質保証のための教育課程編成上の参照基準　心理学分野」２０１４年「学修の成果を、自分自身が行う研究活動として結実させ、人の「心」に関わる基礎知識や専門的な知識・技能を活用した研究を実施し、論文を形作っていくために、卒業研究・卒業論文の作成は大いに推奨する必要がある。その規模や実施方法については、各機関ごとの条件や方針によって異なるが、研究を企画し、計画を立てて実施し、まとめていく過程で、研究倫理など研究実施上の重要な問題を学び取っていくことも学修の目的となる。またフィールドの中の問題を捉え、抽象化し、先行研究や知識・概念、可能な方法論と結び付けて研究を実施し、その結果を問題解決のための考察に展開して、それを文章あるいは口頭発表として表現をしていくという一連の過程を体験することは、それまでの心理学の学修内容を、その後の生活・活動に生かしていくための重要な実践になると考えられる。」提言「心理学教育のあるべき姿と公認心理師養成－「公認心理師養成カリキュラム等検討会」報告書を受けて－」２０１７年「学術会議の心理学参照基準分科会が策定した「学士課程の参照基準（心理学分野）」に準拠して、学部卒業者の学士力の質保証をする心理学カリキュラムが編成されねばならない。特に、公認心理師の活動の基礎として重要なのは卒業論文である。卒業論文を作成する過程を通して、問題発見や課題解決の能力、柔軟な思考力、表現力、長期的な自主研鑽を継続して積む能力が養われることが、参照基準に明記されている。卒業論文を書くことが、公認心理師の国家資格には必要ないという批判もあるが、心理学の本質的な学修が、卒業論文の作成過程で完成するという観点から、実践現場での心理学的分析力や文章構成力を発揮できる学士力の証として、両分科会は卒業論文を養成カリキュラムに位置付けたのである。」○卒業研究・卒業論文の必要性　　公大協における議論　公大協の学部カリキュラム検討委員会で継続的に議論されてきており、調査もおこなった。公大協　学部カリキュラム検討委員会　２０１８年度年報　「学生は卒業論文において心理学研究を主体的に学び、研究法や統計法や表現法や発表法を学び、得た知識を総動員して問題解決にあたり卒業論文という形で学びが結実する。卒業論文を必修科目として入れるべきではないか。卒業論文を作成することなく，学部で学んだ心理学の知識や方法論を総動員して問題解決に当たるという機会は他にはないし，この機会を潰すことは学部教育の質の低下を招くと懸念される。」公大協　学部カリキュラム検討委員会　２０１９年度年報　　公大協の会員を中心に、卒業論文に関する調査をおこなった。回答のあった45校のうち、「従来通り。卒業論文（卒業研究）を求めている」と答えたのは41校、「もともと，卒業論文は求めていない」が３校、「現在は卒業論文を求めているが、将来はカリキュラムから外す予定である」が１校となった。大多数は卒業研究・卒業論文を従来通りに実施しているが、数は少ないものの将来卒業論文を必修からはずすと回答した大学もあったことには懸念も持たれた。公大協　学部カリキュラム検討委員会　２０２０年度年報　「卒業論文の必要性　エビデンスに基づいた実践を公認心理師が実現していくためには、「科学者―実践家モデル」に基づいた訓練を受けた後に、科学者としてエビデンスを蓄積する機会と、実践家として蓄積されたエビデンスを活用する機会とを両立していくことが求められる。科学者としての態度を形成するために、卒業論文は欠かせないと考えられる。自ら研究計画を立て、それを実施し、結果を処理し、研究論文にまでまとめ上げる能力を養わなければならない。2019年に本委員会が実施したアンケート調査でも、「科学者―実践家モデル」の基礎を構築するために卒業論文を課すことが必要であるという意見や、卒業論文は学部教育の根幹をなすものであるために資格取得に関係なく公認心理師カリキュラムの中で必修化すべきであるという意見が多く寄せられた。一方で、将来的に卒業論文をなくすことや卒業論文の負担を軽くすることを検討している大学も少数ではあるが存在した。　また、2015年に報告された日本心理学会教育研究委員会調査小委員会実施調査の概要によると、卒業論文を必修としている大学は約50％であることが明らかにされている。約半数の大学は卒業論文を必修化していないが、卒業論文が選択科目となっている場合もあるために、卒業論文を執筆している学生の実際の割合は把握できていない。本委員会としては、公認心理師資格の取得を希望する学生の何割が卒業論文を執筆しているのかを把握することを目的とした調査を将来的に実施する必要があろう。　本委員会のオンライン会議においても卒業論文の必要性については議論された。概ね、上述した本委員会が実施したアンケート調査で寄せられた意見と同様なものであったが、卒業論文の在り方については新たに重要な意見が出された。卒業論文の執筆を通して何を学んでほしいのかという原点を大切にすべきであり、研究力の基礎を養うような卒業論文であるべきだというものであった。いわば卒業論文の質保証という問題ともいえるが、この問題については本委員会でも詳細に検証していかなければならない。卒業論文を必修化できない事情を抱える大学も多い現状を鑑みると、実験や調査による実証的な研究をどのような形で学ばすことができるのかについても検討しなければならない。実証的な研究を学部時代に実施するためには、「心理学実験」や「心理学研究法」という科目の在り方についても検討する必要がある。」＊卒業研究・卒業論文に関するワーキンググループにおける検討　2021年にコアカリキュラム作成を作成するに当たって、公大協の学部カリキュラム検討委員会は、卒業研究・卒業論文に関するワーキンググループを設けた。　ワーキンググループでは、卒業研究・卒業論文は、公認心理師の職責と結びつく本質的な学修目標であるので、公認心理師の養成において必ず学修すべきコアカリキュラムに含めることにした。　また、卒業論文を国家資格の必修科目にする場合の実際問題を検討した結果、以下のように提案することにした。＊卒業研究・卒業論文の実施について１．「心理学研究法」「心理学統計法」「心理学実験」との関係　大学では「心理学研究法」「心理学統計法」「心理学実験」との連続性と段階性を重視して実施する。　本コアカリキュラムにおける「B-1-4 心理学研究法」「B-1-5 心理学統計法」「B-1-6 心理学実験」では、心理学研究に関する一般論な基礎を幅広く学ぶ。　これらの科目を学んだ後、「G 卒業研究・卒業論文」においては、教員の指導のもとに、学生自らが計画を立てて研究を遂行する。このような一連の流れにおいて、心理学の本質的な学修が完成する。２．教員の指導　教員やインストラクター（大学院生など）による個別的な指導を受けて、学生自らが考えて実行することが重要である。３．開講の形式　学生が個人で研究をおこなう形式が望ましいが、大学によっては、例えば、小集団でおこなう形式でも、同等の効果を得られるなら認められる。　また、卒業研究・卒業論文といった名称を取らずに、大学によっては、例えば「卒業演習」などの名称で開講する場合も、同等の効果を得られるなら認められる。例えば、学生自らがテーマを決めて先行研究を調査し研究計画を立てて議論したり、あるいは既に収集された研究データをもとに学生が分析方法を計画し分析して考察するなどの方法も考えられる。４．単位数・時間数　科目の単位数や時間数は、統一的な基準は設けず、各大学が決めることとする。５．履修の判定基準　卒業研究・卒業論文・卒業演習などの科目の合否については、統一的な判定基準は設けず、各大学における合否の基準によるものとする。６．公認心理師試験の「出題基準」との関係　心理学研究の一般的な到達目標は、「B-1-4 心理学研究法」「B-1-5 心理学統計法」「B-1-6 心理学実験」で規定されており、これらが出題基準に反映されている。卒業研究・卒業論文は、心理学研究の実践的な完成をめざすという到達基準であるため、客観的な正解を持つ国家試験の出題内容にはそぐわない。　このため、卒業研究・卒業論文は、出題基準には含めないこととする。７．修士論文・博士論文との段階性と連続性　卒業研究・卒業論文は大学での到達目標であり、大学院における修士論文および博士論文と段階的・発展的に位置づける必要がある。　大学の卒業研究・卒業論文においては、将来的な種々の研究実践活動の基盤を作ることに焦点が置かれる。　大学院の修士課程（大学院博士前期課程）における修士論文においては、卒業研究の成果をふまえて、さらに専門的な研究をおこなう。　博士課程（大学院博士後期課程）における博士論文についても、公認心理師の指導者養成とむすびつけて位置づける必要がある。Ｈ　修士論文大学院における科目名：修士論文ねらい：　修士論文は、国内外の関連研究のレビューを通して、学術的・臨床的意義の認められる独創的なテーマを学生自ら設定し、計画を立てて実行し解決をはかることにより、心理学における高度な問題解決能力を体得する科目である。心理学研究は学術的知見やエビデンスを進歩させ、科学者-実践家モデルを重視した公認心理師の専門性を確立するために必須である。これにより公認心理師の職責としての問題発見・解決能力を身につける。中項目（学修目標）：①科学者-実践家モデルに基づいた問題発見・解決能力として、心理学研究の意義と位置づけを説明できる。小項目（学修内容）：・心理学研究は、心理学の学術的知見やエビデンスを発展させ、支援対象者の利益を増進させることを目的とすることを説明できる。・心理学研究は、公認心理師の科学者－実践家モデルとしての専門性やエビデンスに対する基本的な態度を確立し、また、現場での実践における課題発見・解決能力を向上させるなど点で、公認心理師の職責において必須であることを説明できる。・研究の自立性と独創性を理解し、新たな課題にチャレンジする創造的精神を涵養する。中項目（学修目標）：②国内外の関連研究のレビューを通して、学術的・臨床的意義の認められる独創的なテーマを設定することができる。小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施する研究課題に関する国内外の研究成果を調査することができる。・先行研究に対する批判的思考を身につけ、新たな問題を発見できる創造的精神を涵養する。・先行研究に対する批判的思考を通して、学術的・臨床的意義の認められる独創的な問題設定をすることができる。中項目（学修目標）：③自らが実施する研究に必要な方法を理解し、統制のとれた研究計画を立てることができる。小項目（学修内容）：・自らが設定したテーマの問題を解決するために、研究計画を立案することができる。・自らが設定した問題を解決するために適した心理学の実証的方法を選択することができる。・自らが得た研究結果を整理解釈するための適切な統計的方法を選択することができる。中項目（学修目標）：④自らが実施する研究に必要な倫理を理解し、それを遵守して研究を遂行できる。小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施する研究に関係する倫理指針、対象者の人権擁護、個人情報の取扱い、研究不正の回避などの知識を理解し説明できる。・自らが実施する研究において倫理的配慮に関する計画を立案できる。・自らが立案した倫理的配慮に関する計画を遵守して研究を実施することができる。中項目（学修目標）：⑤自らが作成した研究計画にもとづき、知識や技能を総合的に活用して研究を遂行できる。小項目（学修内容）：・自らが立てた研究計画に従い、これまで獲得した知識や技能を総合的に活用して、研究を遂行できる。・研究の各プロセスを適切に記録することができる。・適切な統計的方法を実施して実証的に解釈することができる。・研究結果について、適切で合理的な推論にもとづいて解釈し、考察することができる。・研究成果にもとづいて新たな仮説を設定し、それを解決するための手段を提案するなど、新たな次の研究につなげることができる。中項目（学修目標）：⑥自らが実施した研究成果を発表し、科学的報告書を作成することができる。小項目（学修内容）：・研究成果について効果的なプレゼンテーションを行い、適切な質疑応答ができる。・研究成果をまとめ、科学的報告書を作成することができる。中項目（学修目標）：⑦自らが実施した研究成果を考察し公認心理師の実践に適用することができる。小項目（学修内容）：・自らが実施した研究成果を批判的に吟味し、その適用可能範囲や限界を踏まえた上で、現場の実践の問題解決に活用する方法を考察することができる。・研究で得た知識をもとに、支援対象者のアセスメント、心理的援助、心の健康教育など公認心理師の実践の深化へとつなげることができる。・自らが研究を遂行するプロセスにおいて、公認心理師としての問題発見と問題解決の能力を養い、生涯にわたる研究活動への志向や意欲を身につける。＊修士論文の必要性修士論文は、エビデンスに基づく実践を展開していく上での基盤的、統合的能力を育成するために必要な重要なプロセスであり、カリキュラムに組み込む必要があると考える。卒業論文、修士論文、博士論文の段階性と連続性、修士論文の実施形態（開講の形式、教員の指導、単位数・時間数、履修の判定基準など）などは、今後検討すべき課題である。　○　公認心理師として求められる基本的な資質・能力（試案）　　　　　医学・看護学・薬学のコアカリキュラムをみると、それぞれの専門職として「求められる基本的な資質・能力」が冒頭で定義され、それにもとづいて「学修目標」が定められている。これらの専門職の「求められる基本的な資質・能力」を調べると、ほぼ共通して、以下の９つの能力から構成されている。すなわち、①プロフェッショナリズム・職責・倫理、②実践技能、③根拠にもとづく問題対応、④コミュニケーション能力、⑤多職種連携とチーム活動、⑥安全と患者中心の立場、⑦地域連携と教育能力、⑧科学的研究、⑨自己研鑽である。　公認心理師においても、「基本的な資質・能力」を定義したうえで、コアカリキュラムを作成することが望ましい。公認心理師の資質・能力を定義しているのは、2017年に公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会が決めた『「公認心理師のカリキュラム等に関する基本的な考え方」を踏まえたカリキュラムの到達目標』における「1. 公認心理師としての職責の自覚」、「2. 問題解決能力と生涯学習」、「3. 多職種連携・地域連携」である。これらは、大学の科目「公認心理師の職責」で扱われる到達目標である。　そこで、この公認心理師の到達目標を、上の医師などの①～⑨の能力に当てはめてみると、次のような「公認心理師に求められる基本的な資質・能力」を描くことができる。コアカリキュラム作成の方針を決めるため、ここではこの試案を暫定的に採用した。①［プロフェッショナリズム・職責・倫理］　公認心理師の職責と倫理　　人の命と健康な生活を守る使命感、責任感及び倫理観を有し、公認心理師としての職責と倫理を十分に自覚し、公認心理師の義務及び法令を遵守する。②［実践技能］　実践上の知識・技能の修得と自己研鑽 　保健医療、福祉、教育、司法・犯罪、産業・労働その他の分野において、実践に必要な知識と技能を身につけ、つねに自己研鑽を続ける意欲及び態度を持つ。③［根拠にもとづく問題対応］　課題発見能力と根拠にもとづく課題対応能力　自分の力で課題を発見し、自己学習によってそれを解決するための能力を身につけ、心理学の知見やエビデンス（科学的根拠）も参照しながら、課題解決に向けた対応をおこなう。④［コミュニケーション能力］　個別性・多様性の尊重とコミュニケーション　人間についての深い認識と豊かな人間性をもち、支援対象者の個別性を尊重し、多様な人々の生活・文化を尊重し、支援対象者およびその関係者と良好なコミュニケーションを築きながら支援する。⑤［多職種連携とチーム活動］　多職種連携とチーム活動 　多職種連携による支援の意義について理解し、医療におけるチーム医療に見られるように、支援チームにおける公認心理師の役割について理解し、その一員として積極的に活動できる。⑥［安全と患者中心の立場］　支援の質と安全の確保および支援対象者中心の立場　良質で安全な支援を確保し、支援対象者の安全を最優先し、その主体性を重視し、常にその者中心の立場から意思決定を支援することができる。⑦［地域連携と教育能力］　地域連携と教育能力　公認心理師として社会から求められる役割を自覚し、地域社会と連携し、支援対象者およびその関係者を支援する。また、心の健康教育や、次世代を担う人材の教育、スーパービジョンなど、教育を実施する意欲と技能を持つ。⑧［科学的研究］　研究活動への関与　課題発見・解決能力を向上させるため、心理学の学術的知見やエビデンスを発展させ科学者－実践家としての公認心理師の専門性を確立するために、研究の必要性を理解し、研究活動に関与する。（この能力は、公認心理師カリキュラム等検討会では取りあげられていないが、他の職種では「求められる基本的な資質・能力」として必ず取りあげられているので、公認心理師においても必要と考えられる。）⑨［自己研鑽］　生涯にわたる資質向上の責務　社会の変化を捉えながら、生涯にわたり公認心理師としての成長と資質向上をめざし続ける意欲及び態度を持つ。　作成者名簿　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●公認心理師養成大学教員連絡協議会　委員会メンバー○学部カリキュラム検討委員会岩原 昭彦（委員長）　有光 興記（副委員長）石川 信一　岡 隆　奥村 由美子　行場 次朗国里 愛彦　佐々木 淳　嶋田 洋徳　菅原 ますみ杉浦 義典　鈴木 伸一　丹野 義彦\t箱田 裕司山田 祐樹○大学院カリキュラム検討委員会\t熊野 宏昭（委員長）　大月 友（副委員長）有光 興記　石川 利江　伊藤 大輔\t大橋 靖史島井 哲志　鈴木 伸一　福井 至　古川 洋和松浦 隆信　松見 淳子　武藤 崇　山田 冨美雄○現場実習検討委員会\t長田 久雄（委員長）\t小関 俊祐（副委員長）　古川 洋和（副委員長）\t 東 千冬\t五十嵐友里　石川信一　石垣琢磨石原俊一\t　岡島 義　尾形明子　加藤伸司境 泉洋\t佐藤友哉\t　鈴木伸一　田中恒彦谷口敏淳　種市康太郎　野村和孝　松井三枝宮脇 稔\t ○国家試験検討委員会\t丹野 義彦（委員長）　古川洋和（副委員長）国里愛彦\t　境 泉洋　鈴木伸一　中島実穂星野 翔　松井三枝　山﨑 修道　林 明明●作成協力者本コアカリキュラムの作成に当たり、次の先生方にご協力をいただきました。深く感謝申し上げます。（五十音順、敬称略）岩佐和典　漆原宏次　遠藤利彦　岡本真彦　桂川泰典　金井篤子　金築優　喜入暁　久保真人　齊藤智　清水裕士　鈴木敬生　竹林由武　古村健　前田俊太　光藤宏行　緑川晶●日本学術会議 心理学・教育学委員会下記分科会は、公大協と連携して内容を検討し、公表に当たって後援をいただきました。深く感謝申し上げます。公認心理師の専門性と社会貢献検討分科会健康・医療と心理学分科会法と心理学分科会心の総合基礎分科会心の研究将来構想分科会\n\n公认心理师教育核心课程案的内容结构是怎样的?主要包括哪些方面?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0bb507f85bfd4376876ab974739abfce", "conversation_index": 744522, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 995, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES STRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND FUND IS Symbol: SVAIX Trade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% Security total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS I Symbol: OFVIX Trade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87% Security total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY INCOME FUND CLASS INSTL Symbol: ANGIX Trade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71% Security total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nCOHEN & NAME_2 PREFERRED SEC & INC FUND I Symbol: CPXIX Trade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06% Security total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,\nNAME_3 ULTRA SHORT DURATION INCOME FUND CLASS Y Symbol: PSDYX Trade date: Oct 21 20, 11.847, 10.099, 119.65, 119.65, 10.060, 119.18, -0.47, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 0.335, 10.000, , 3.35, 10.060, 3.37, 0.02, ,\nSecurity total, 12.182, 10.097, 119.65, 123.00, , 122.55, -0.45, 2.90,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $34941.65, $37378.07, , $36691.55, -$686.52, $1749.90, '\n\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity, the price, and the market value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "b49d92f440c04971a68efd3c7f4b2dba", "conversation_index": 491451, "turn_index": 18, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1349, "prompt": "apply these and analyze ev above with these\nARSENAL VS WOLVERHAMPTON WANDERERS\n\nEngland - Premier League\nSpread\nWin\nTotal\n5/28/23\n8:30 AM\nArsenal\nWolverhampton Wanderers\nDraw\n+ 119 Bets\n-1.5 (1.952)\n+1.5 (1.87)\n1.364\n7.00\n5.60\nO3, 3.5 (1.952)\nU3, 3.5 (1.87)\n\nFirst Half\nArsenal\nWolverhampton Wanderers\nDraw\n+ 119 Bets\n-0.5 (1.847)\n+0.5 (1.980)\n1.80\n6.50\n2.75\nO1, 1.5 (1.833)\nU1, 1.5 (2.00)\nAll\nProp Builder\nAlternate Lines\nGame Props\nBoth Teams To Score\nPlayer Props\nCombo Props\nSpecials\nGoal Props\nCorner Props\nCard Props\n\nALTERNATE LINES\n\nDraw No Bet\nArsenal1.143\nWolverhampton Wanderers5.60\nDraw No Bet  - First Half\nArsenal - 1H1.230\nWolverhampton Wanderers - 1H4.25\nSpread\nArsenal\nWolverhampton Wanderers\n\n-2.5, -3\n4.00\n\n-2.5\n3.25\n\n-2, -2.5\n3.00\n\n-2.0\n2.65\n\n-1.5, -2\n2.22\n\n-1, -1.5\n1.758\n\n-1.0\n1.546\n\n-0.5, -1\n1.444\n\n-0.5\n1.385\n\n0, -0.5\n1.256\n\n+2.5, +3\n1.25\n\n+2.5\n1.351\n\n+2, +2.5\n1.40\n\n+2.0\n1.495\n\n+1.5, +2\n1.676\n\n+1, +1.5\n2.11\n\n+1.0\n2.50\n\n+0.5, +1\n2.83\n\n+0.5\n3.10\n\n0, +0.5\n3.95\nSpread  - First Half\nArsenal\nWolverhampton Wanderers\n\n-1.5, -2\n5.60\n\n-1.5, -2\n5.60\n\n-1.5\n4.00\n\n-1, -1.5\n3.50\n\n-1.0\n2.93\n\n-0.5, -1\n2.15\n\n0, -0.5\n1.541\n\n0.0\n1.230\n\n0, +0.5\n1.174\n\n+1.5, +2\n1.143\n\n+1.5, +2\n1.143\n\n+1.5\n1.25\n\n+1, +1.5\n1.323\n\n+1.0\n1.417\n\n+0.5, +1\n1.714\n\n0, +0.5\n2.52\n\n0.0\n4.25\n\n0, -0.5\n5.00\nTotal Goals O/U\nOver\nUnder\n2.0\n2, 2.5\n2.5\n2.5, 3\n3.0\n3.5\n3.5, 4\n4.0\n4, 4.5\n4.5\n1.19\n1.333\n1.465\n1.571\n1.714\n2.18\n2.50\n3.00\n3.30\n3.65\n4.80\n3.35\n2.73\n2.43\n2.15\n1.699\n1.546\n1.40\n1.345\n1.294\nTotal Goals O/U - Arsenal\nOver\nUnder\n0.5\n1.5\n2.5\n3.5\n4.5\n1.063\n1.385\n2.13\n3.90\n7.50\n9.00\n3.10\n1.735\n1.263\n1.091\nTotal Goals O/U - Wolverhampton Wanderers\nOver\nUnder\n0.5\n1.5\n2.5\n3.5\n1.595\n3.80\n11.00\n19.00\n2.38\n1.274\n1.045\n1.005\nTotal Goals O/U  - First Half\nOver\nUnder\n0.5\n0.5, 1\n1.0\n1.5\n1.5, 2\n2.0\n2, 2.5\n2.5\n1.25\n1.333\n1.472\n2.18\n2.65\n3.70\n4.25\n4.80\n4.00\n3.35\n2.70\n1.699\n1.495\n1.286\n1.230\n1.19\nTotal Goals O/U - Arsenal  - First Half\nOver\nUnder\n0.5\n1.472\n2.70\nTotal Goals O/U - Wolverhampton Wanderers  - First Half\nOver\nUnder\n0.5\n2.80\n1.450\nGAME PROPS\n\nDouble Chance\nArsenal / Draw1.105\nArsenal / Wolverhampton Wanderers1.16\nWolverhampton Wanderers / Draw3.10\nDouble Chance  - First Half\nArsenal / Draw - 1H1.138\nArsenal / Wolverhampton Wanderers - 1H1.426\nWolverhampton Wanderers / Draw - 1H1.909\nHalf Time / Full Time\nArsenal - Arsenal1.833\nArsenal - Draw21.00\nArsenal - Wolves76.00\nDraw - Arsenal4.10\nTie - Tie8.25\nDraw - Wolves17.00\nWolves - Arsenal22.00\nWolves - Draw21.00\nWolves - Wolves12.00\nArsenal to record a shutout win\nYes2.55\nNo1.50\nWolverhampton Wanderers to record a shut"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "8a05c623f3a31f70e24cc42cbfc71114a74c6609a7c4338d", "conversation_index": 4153, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5556, "prompt": "# language: Python\n\"\"\"Tests for tf.data servi\n\"\"\"\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import\nfrom __future__ import division\nfrom __future__ import print_function\n\nimport time\n\nfrom absl.testing import parameterized\n\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.kernel_tests import data_service_test_base\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import batching\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import data_service_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import distribute_options\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import grouping\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import testing\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.kernel_tests import test_base\nfrom tensorflow.python.data.ops import dataset_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.eager import def_function\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import combinations\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import errors\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import random_seed\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import sparse_tensor\nfrom tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_spec\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import random_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import sparse_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import string_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.ops import tensor_array_ops\nfrom tensorflow.python.platform import test\n\nTMP_WORK_DIR = data_service_test_base.TMP_WORK_DIR\nNO_WORK_DIR = data_service_test_base.NO_WORK_DIR\n\n\nclass DataServiceOpsTest(data_service_test_base.TestBase,\n                         parameterized.TestCase):\n\n  @combinations.generate(\n      combinations.times(test_base.eager_only_combinations(),\n                         data_service_test_base.all_cluster_configurations()))\n  def testDistributeBasic(self, work_dir, fault_tolerant_mode):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(\n        num_workers=1,\n        work_dir=work_dir,\n        fault_tolerant_mode=fault_tolerant_mode)\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(10, cluster)\n    results = [elem.numpy() for elem in ds]\n    self.assertEqual(list(range(num_elements)), results)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeSparse(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    element = sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(\n        indices=[[0]],\n        values=constant_op.constant([0], dtype=dtypes.int32),\n        dense_shape=[1])\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensors(element)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    results = [sparse_ops.sparse_tensor_to_dense(elem) for elem in ds]\n    self.assertAllEqual(results, [[0]])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeRagged(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices([1, 5, 3, 2, 8])\n    ds = ds.map(math_ops.range)\n    ds = ds.apply(batching.dense_to_ragged_batch(2))\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    results = [elem.to_tensor() for elem in ds]\n    self.assertAllEqual(results[0], [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])\n    self.assertAllEqual(results[1], [[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0]])\n    self.assertAllEqual(results[2], [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDifferentShuffleOrders(self):\n    random_seed.set_random_seed(None)\n    num_elements = 100\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements)\n    ds = ds.shuffle(num_elements)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    output = [elem.numpy() for elem in ds]\n\n    first_order = {}\n    second_order = {}\n    for element in output:\n      if element in first_order:\n        second_order[element] = len(second_order)\n      else:\n        first_order[element] = len(first_order)\n    self.assertNotEqual(first_order, second_order)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testMultipleEpochs(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 3\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n    for _ in range(10):\n      self.assertEqual(list(range(num_elements)), [elem.numpy() for elem in ds])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testRepeatedDataset(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 10\n    num_repetitions = 5\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n    ds = ds.repeat(num_repetitions)\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(\n        ds, expected_output=num_repetitions * list(range(num_elements)))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testConcurrentEpoch(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 10\n    num_datasets = 3\n    iterators = []\n    results = []\n    for _ in range(num_datasets):\n      ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n      iterators.append(iter(ds))\n      results.append([])\n\n    for _ in range(num_elements):\n      for dataset_ind in range(num_datasets):\n        result = next(iterators[dataset_ind]).numpy()\n        results[dataset_ind].append(result)\n    for result in results:\n      self.assertEqual(list(range(num_elements)), result)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testSharedEpoch(self):\n    self.skipTest(\"Not yet implemented\")\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 10\n    num_iterators = 3\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n    result = []\n    iterators = []\n    for _ in range(num_iterators):\n      iterators.append(iter(ds))\n\n    # Alternate reading between the iterators.\n    for _ in range(2):\n      for it in iterators:\n        result.append(next(it).numpy())\n\n    # Drain the rest of the elements.\n    for it in iterators:\n      for elem in it:\n        result.append(elem.numpy())\n\n    self.assertCountEqual(list(range(num_elements)), result)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testMultiWorker(self):\n    num_workers = 3\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=num_workers)\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n    results = [elem.numpy() for elem in ds]\n    self.assertCountEqual(num_workers * list(range(num_elements)), results)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testMaxOutstandingRequests(self):\n    num_workers = 3\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=num_workers)\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, max_outstanding_requests=1)\n    self.assertCountEqual(num_workers * list(range(num_elements)),\n                          self.getDatasetOutput(ds))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testInsideFunction(self):\n    num_workers = 3\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=num_workers)\n    num_elements = 10\n\n    @def_function.function\n    def f():\n      ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(num_elements, cluster)\n      result = tensor_array_ops.TensorArray(\n          dtypes.int64, size=num_workers * num_elements, dynamic_size=True)\n      i = 0\n      for elem in ds:\n        result = result.write(i, elem)\n        i += 1\n      return result.stack()\n\n    result = list(f().numpy())\n    self.assertCountEqual(num_workers * list(range(num_elements)), result)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testSharedJobName(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 1000\n\n    def make_ds():\n      return dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements).shuffle(num_elements)\n\n    ds1 = self.make_distributed_dataset(make_ds(), cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    ds2 = self.make_distributed_dataset(make_ds(), cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    iter1 = iter(ds1)\n    iter2 = iter(ds2)\n    results = []\n    for _ in range(num_elements // 5):\n      results.append(next(iter1).numpy())\n      results.append(next(iter2).numpy())\n    for elem in iter1:\n      results.append(elem.numpy())\n    for elem in iter2:\n      results.append(elem.numpy())\n    self.assertCountEqual(list(range(num_elements)), results)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDifferentJobNames(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds1 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name1\")\n    ds2 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name2\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds1, list(range(num_elements)))\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds2, list(range(num_elements)))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testSharedJobNameMultiIteration(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds1 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    ds2 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    # iteration 1\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds1, list(range(num_elements)))\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds2, [])\n    # iteration 2\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds2, list(range(num_elements)))\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds1, [])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testSharedJobNameRepeat(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_elements = 100\n    num_repetitions = 3\n    ds1 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    ds1 = ds1.repeat(num_repetitions)\n    ds2 = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"job_name\")\n    ds2 = ds2.repeat(num_repetitions)\n    results = []\n    iter1 = iter(ds1)\n    iter2 = iter(ds2)\n    for _ in range((num_elements * num_repetitions) // 5):\n      results.append(next(iter1).numpy())\n    for _ in range((num_elements * num_repetitions) // 5):\n      results.append(next(iter2).numpy())\n    for elem in iter1:\n      results.append(elem.numpy())\n    for elem in iter2:\n      results.append(elem.numpy())\n    self.assertCountEqual(num_repetitions * list(range(num_elements)), results)\n\n  @combinations.generate(\n      combinations.times(test_base.eager_only_combinations(),\n                         combinations.combine(job_name=[None, \"test\"])))\n  def testGcUnusedJob(self, job_name):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(\n        num_workers=1, job_gc_check_interval_ms=50, job_gc_timeout_ms=20)\n    num_elements = 100\n    ds = self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n        num_elements, cluster, job_name=job_name)\n    it = iter(ds)\n    self.assertEqual(next(it).numpy(), 0)\n    self.assertEqual(cluster.num_tasks_on_worker(), 1)\n    del it\n    while cluster.num_tasks_on_worker() > 0:\n      time.sleep(0.1)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDontGcUsedJob(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(\n        num_workers=1, job_gc_check_interval_ms=50, job_gc_timeout_ms=20)\n    num_elements = 10\n    it1 = iter(\n        self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n            num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"test1\"))\n    it2 = iter(\n        self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n            num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"test2\"))\n    it3 = iter(  # this iterator keeps the task alive. pylint: disable=unused-variable\n        self.make_distributed_range_dataset(\n            num_elements, cluster, job_name=\"test2\"))\n    self.assertEqual(2, cluster.num_tasks_on_worker())\n    del it1\n    del it2\n    while cluster.num_tasks_on_worker() > 1:\n      time.sleep(0.1)\n    self.assertEqual(1, cluster.num_tasks_on_worker())\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testApplyDeterminismOption(self):\n    elements = list(range(10))\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n\n    def dataset_fn(delay_ms):\n\n      def interleave_fn(x):\n        ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensors(x)\n        if math_ops.equal(x, 0):\n          ds = ds.apply(testing.sleep(delay_ms * 1000))\n        else:\n          ds = ds.apply(testing.sleep(0))\n        return ds\n\n      ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(elements)\n      ds = ds.interleave(interleave_fn, cycle_length=10, num_parallel_calls=10)\n      opts = dataset_ops.Options()\n      opts.experimental_deterministic = False\n      ds = ds.with_options(opts)\n      ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n      return ds\n\n    self.checkDeterminism(\n        dataset_fn=dataset_fn,\n        expect_determinism=False,\n        expected_elements=elements)\n\n  def run_stateful(self, external_state_policy):\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements).map(\n        lambda _: random_ops.random_uniform(()))\n\n    options = dataset_ops.Options()\n    options.experimental_external_state_policy = external_state_policy\n    ds = ds.with_options(options)\n\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=3)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    next(iter(ds))\n\n  @combinations.generate(\n      combinations.times(\n          test_base.eager_only_combinations(),\n          combinations.combine(external_state_policy=[\n              distribute_options.ExternalStatePolicy.IGNORE,\n              distribute_options.ExternalStatePolicy.WARN\n          ])))\n  def testStatefulNoError(self, external_state_policy):\n    self.run_stateful(external_state_policy)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testStatefulError(self):\n    with self.assertRaises(errors.FailedPreconditionError):\n      self.run_stateful(distribute_options.ExternalStatePolicy.FAIL)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochTensorSlices(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    vals = [5, 1, 2, 4]\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(vals)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, vals, assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochInterleave(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    elements = [1, 5, 0]\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(elements)\n    ds = ds.interleave(lambda x: dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices([x]))\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, elements, assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochParallelInterleave(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    elements = [1, 5, 0]\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(elements)\n    ds = ds.interleave(\n        lambda x: dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices([x]),\n        num_parallel_calls=dataset_ops.AUTOTUNE)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, elements, assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochFlatMap(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    elements = [1, 5, 0]\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(elements)\n    ds = ds.flat_map(lambda x: dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices([x]))\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, elements, assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochRepeat(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    num_repeats = 5\n    num_elements = 20\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements).repeat(num_repeats)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(\n        ds, num_repeats * list(range(num_elements)), assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpochShuffleAndRepeat(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    num_repeats = 5\n    num_elements = 20\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements).shuffle(num_elements).repeat(\n        num_repeats)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(\n        ds, num_repeats * list(range(num_elements)), assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  def testDistributeFromInterleave(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(2)\n\n    def interleave_fn(_):\n      dataset = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(2)\n      self.make_distributed_dataset(dataset, cluster)\n      return dataset\n\n    ds = ds.interleave(interleave_fn, cycle_length=2)\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, [0, 0, 1, 1])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeDistributedEpoch(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=2)\n    num_elements = 100\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(\n        ds, cluster, processing_mode=\"distributed_epoch\")\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(\n        ds, list(range(num_elements)), assert_items_equal=True)\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeNonStringAddresses(self):\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, \"service must be a string\"):\n      ds = ds.apply(\n          data_service_ops.distribute(\n              processing_mode=\"parallel_epochs\", service=1))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeEmptyAddress(self):\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    with self.assertRaisesWithLiteralMatch(ValueError,\n                                           \"service must not be empty\"):\n      ds = ds.apply(\n          data_service_ops.distribute(\n              processing_mode=\"parallel_epochs\", service=\"\"))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testDistributeInvalidProcessingMode(self):\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,\n                                \"invalid is not a valid processing mode\"):\n      ds = ds.apply(\n          data_service_ops.distribute(\n              processing_mode=\"invalid\", service=\"grpc://localhost:5000\"))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testFromDatasetId(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements)\n    dataset_id = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds)\n    from_dataset_id_ds = data_service_ops.from_dataset_id(\n        \"parallel_epochs\", cluster.target, dataset_id, ds.element_spec)\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(from_dataset_id_ds, list(range(num_elements)))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testFromDatasetIdMultipleComponents(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements)\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.zip({\"a\": (ds, ds), \"b\": ds})\n    dataset_id = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds)\n    from_dataset_id_ds = data_service_ops.from_dataset_id(\n        \"parallel_epochs\", cluster.target, dataset_id, ds.element_spec)\n    output = self.getDatasetOutput(from_dataset_id_ds)\n    for i in range(num_elements):\n      self.assertEqual(i, output[i][\"a\"][0])\n      self.assertEqual(i, output[i][\"a\"][1])\n      self.assertEqual(i, output[i][\"b\"])\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testFromDatasetIdWrongElementSpec(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n\n    num_elements = 10\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(num_elements)\n    dataset_id = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds)\n    wrong_spec = tensor_spec.TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=dtypes.variant)\n    from_dataset_id_ds = data_service_ops.from_dataset_id(\n        \"parallel_epochs\", cluster.target, dataset_id, wrong_spec)\n    with self.assertRaisesRegex(errors.FailedPreconditionError,\n                                \"Expected a tensor of type variant\"):\n      self.evaluate(self.getNext(from_dataset_id_ds)())\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testFromDatasetIdNotRegistered(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n\n    dataset_id = 0\n    element_spec = tensor_spec.TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=dtypes.variant)\n    from_dataset_id_ds = data_service_ops.from_dataset_id(\n        \"parallel_epochs\", cluster.target, dataset_id, element_spec)\n    with self.assertRaisesRegex(errors.NotFoundError, \"Dataset id\"):\n      self.evaluate(self.getNext(from_dataset_id_ds)())\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.default_test_combinations())\n  def testCancellation(self):\n    self.skipTest(\"b/162521601\")\n    sleep_microseconds = int(1e6) * 1000\n\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    slow = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(1)\n    slow = slow.apply(testing.sleep(sleep_microseconds))\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(1).concatenate(slow)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    ds = ds.prefetch(1)\n    get_next = self.getNext(ds, requires_initialization=True)\n    self.assertEqual(0, self.evaluate(get_next()))\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testRegisterEquivalentDatasets(self):\n    ds_1 = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    ds_2 = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    id_1 = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds_1)\n    id_2 = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds_2)\n    self.assertEqual(id_1.numpy(), id_2.numpy())\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testRegisterDifferentDatasets(self):\n    ds_1 = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(10)\n    ds_2 = dataset_ops.Dataset.range(20)\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    id_1 = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds_1)\n    id_2 = data_service_ops.register_dataset(cluster.target, ds_2)\n    self.assertNotEqual(id_1.numpy(), id_2.numpy())\n\n  @combinations.generate(test_base.eager_only_combinations())\n  def testTwoLevelDistribute(self):\n    cluster_1_size = 3\n    cluster_1 = self.create_cluster(num_workers=cluster_1_size)\n    cluster_2 = self.create_cluster(num_workers=1)\n    num_sizes = 10\n    size_repeats = 5\n    strings = [\"a\" * i for i in range(num_sizes)] * size_repeats\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(strings)\n    ds = ds.shuffle(len(strings))\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster_1)\n    # Large enough so that all strings of the same size are windowed together.\n    window_size = cluster_1_size * size_repeats\n    batch_size = size_repeats\n\n    def key_func(x):\n      return math_ops.cast(string_ops.string_length_v2(x), dtypes.int64)\n\n    ds = ds.apply(\n        grouping.group_by_window(\n            key_func=key_func,\n            reduce_func=lambda _, x: x.batch(batch_size),\n            window_size=window_size))\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster_2)\n\n    it = iter(ds)\n    for _ in range(num_sizes):\n      element = next(it).numpy()\n      for _ in range(1, cluster_1_size):\n        self.assertAllEqual(next(it).numpy(), element)\n    self.assertEmpty(list(it))\n\n  @combinations.generate(\n      combinations.times(test_base.eager_only_combinations()))\n  def testDistributeLargeGraph(self):\n    cluster = self.create_cluster(\n        num_workers=1, work_dir=NO_WORK_DIR, fault_tolerant_mode=False)\n    tensor = array_ops.ones((2, 1000, 1000), dtype=dtypes.float32)\n    ds = dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensors(tensor)\n    ds = self.make_distributed_dataset(ds, cluster)\n    self.assertDatasetProduces(ds, [tensor])\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n  test.main()\n\nWhat error is raised if you specify an invalid processing mode when distributing a dataset?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "51b868d3faee47e5b8b7a155b73307dc", "conversation_index": 212720, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 967, "prompt": "I would like you to act as a smart AI customer service agent. Answer question in Thai language using content below.\n\nContent:\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ยินดีต้อนรับเข้าสู่ฝ่ายดูแลร้านค้า บริษัท LINE MAN Wongnai ค่ะ/ครับ ^^ ขออภัยหากทางร้านไม่ตอบกลับภายใน 3 นาที :warning: ระบบแชตจะถูกจบการสนทนา :warning: ทั้งนี้ทางร้านสามารถติดต่อสอบถามข้อมูลมาใหม่อีกครั้งได้เลยค่ะ/ครับ :blush: \nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: สวัสดีค่ะ แอดมินวาเลนยินดีให้บริการค่ะ ไม่ทราบว่าคุณลูกค้าต้องการสอบถามด้านใดคะ\nVisitor: สอบถามคะ\nVisitor: อยากเอาโปรโมชั่นออก\nVisitor: เมื่อวานลูกค้าสั่งมันละไป50บาท\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ร้านครัวกะทะเหล็ก ลิงก์ร้าน https://www.wongnai.com/restaurants/1799325yP ถูกต้องไหมคะ\nVisitor: ใช่คะ\nVisitor: เรายกเลิกได้ไหมคะ\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ทางร้านหมายถึงแคมเปญใช่ไหมคะ ร้านสามารถตรวจสอบแคมเปญที่เข้าร่วมได้โดยไปที่แอปฯ Wongnai Merchant App > โปรโมชัน > แคมเปญ > แคมเปญของฉัน ค่ะ\nVisitor: เราจะยกเลิกยังไงคะ\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ขอทราบชื่อแคมเปญด้วยนะคะ\nVisitor: ทั้ง2 แคมเปญ\nVisitor: คูปองเร่งนอกสุดปัง\nVisitor: คูปองพิชิตลูกค้าใหม่\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ไม่ทราบว่าต้องการยกเลิกเนื่องจากเหตุใดคะ เนื่องจากแคมเปญดังกล่าวจะช่วยเพิ่มฐานลูกค้า เพิ่มยอดขาย และพื้นที่สื่อโปรโมต ให้กับร้านที่เข้าร่วมจำนวนมากค่ะ\nVisitor: มันหักเยอะคะ\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ขอบคุณสำหรับข้อมูลค่ะ ทางร้านสามารถกรอกฟอร์มยกเลิกแคมเปญเร่งยอดสุดปัง > https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1gZEcmffZuvfNLO1CvGrHGdKASqMllUl3eUdmpZlnef8/viewform?edit_requested=true \nข้อมูลที่ใช้ในการกรอกฟอร์ม 1. ID ร้านอาหาร = 1799325yP 2. แคมเปญที่ร้านเข้าร่วม = แคมเปญคูปองเร่งยอดสุดปัง เดือนมิถุนายน \n** ทีมงานจะตัดรอบทุกวันอังคารเวลา 12:00 น. และ นำโปรโมชันลงทุกวันพฤหัสบดีภายในเที่ยงคืนของทุกอาทิตย์ ** รบกวนคัดลอก (Copy) ID ร้านอาหาร แทนการพิมพ์ด้วยตนเองเพื่อป้องกันข้อมูลผิดพลาด และห้ามมีเว้นวรรค \nฟอร์มยกเลิกแคมเปญพิชิตลูกค้าหน้าใหม่ > https://docs.google.com/forms/d/15nRXWXl_yrRmOxFcrkIv24eTcr_hAKwBk3pQJ8BewxQ/viewform?edit_requested=true ข้อมูลที่ใช้ในการกรอกฟอร์ม 1. ID ร้านอาหาร = 1799325yP ** ทีมงานจะยกเลิกภายใน 1 วันทำการ ** รบกวนคัดลอก (Copy) ID ร้านอาหาร แทนการพิมพ์ด้วยตนเองเพื่อป้องกันข้อมูลผิดพลาด และห้ามมีเว้นวรรค\nVisitor: ส่งทางไหนคะ\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: กรอกฟอร์มได้เลยค่ะ\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ทางร้านต้องการข้อมูลใดเพิ่มไหมคะ\nVisitor: ลิ้งร้านค้า\nMerchant CS | Admin: วาเลน: ID ร้านอาหาร = 1799325yP ค่ะ\n\nQuestion:\nต้องการยกเลิกแคมเปญเร่งยอดสุดปัง ต้องทำอย่างไร?\n\nAnswer:"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "9bd6772f98176f6dc56b73de8f591ff430099f84b229a2f7", "conversation_index": 5252, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 15030, "prompt": "Q: Ts objects in R\n\nI am trying to convert monthly streamflow data at several stations to time series objects in R using the function ts with the following code:\nts_MonthlyMean <- lapply(df_MonthyMean, function(x){ts(x$MonthlyMeanStreamflow,\n                                                              frequency=12,\n                                                              start=c(x[1,1],x[1,2]), \n                                                              end=c(tail(x$year,1),tail(x$month,1)))})\n\nwith input, df_MonthlyMean that it is a list of 31 data frames. This is the structure of one of them:\n> str(df_MonthyMean[[1]])\n'data.frame':   809 obs. of  3 variables:\n $ year                 : int  1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1954 1954 1954...\n $ month                : int  6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3...\n $ MonthlyMeanStreamflow: num  25.1 32.2 26.2 11.6 13.6...\n\n> dput(round(df_MonthyMean[[1]],1))\nstructure(list(year = c(1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, 1953, \n1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, 1954, \n1954, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, 1955, \n1955, 1955, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, 1956, \n1956, 1956, 1956, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, \n1957, 1957, 1957, 1957, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, \n1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1958, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, \n1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, \n1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1960, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, \n1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1961, 1962, 1962, 1962, \n1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1963, 1963, \n1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1963, 1964, \n1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, 1964, \n1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, 1965, \n1965, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, 1966, \n1966, 1966, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, \n1967, 1967, 1967, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, \n1968, 1968, 1968, 1968, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, \n1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1969, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, \n1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, \n1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, \n1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1972, 1973, 1973, 1973, \n1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1973, 1974, 1974, \n1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1974, 1975, \n1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, 1975, \n1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, 1976, \n1976, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, 1977, \n1977, 1977, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, 1978, \n1978, 1978, 1978, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, \n1979, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, \n1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1980, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, \n1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1981, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, \n1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, \n1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1983, 1984, 1984, 1984, \n1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1984, 1985, 1985, \n1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1985, 1986, \n1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, 1986, \n1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, 1987, \n1987, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, 1988, \n1988, 1988, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, 1989, \n1989, 1989, 1989, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, \n1990, 1990, 1990, 1990, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, \n1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1991, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, \n1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, \n1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1993, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, \n1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1995, 1995, 1995, \n1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1996, 1996, \n1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1996, 1997, \n1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, 1997, \n1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, 1998, \n1998, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, 1999, \n1999, 1999, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, \n2000, 2000, 2000, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, \n2001, 2001, 2001, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, \n2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2002, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, \n2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2003, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, \n2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2004, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, \n2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2005, 2006, 2006, 2006, \n2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2006, 2007, 2007, \n2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2008, \n2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, 2008, \n2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, \n2009, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, 2010, \n2010, 2010, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, \n2011, 2011, 2011, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, \n2012, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, \n2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, \n2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2014, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, \n2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, \n2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2017, 2017, 2017, \n2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2017, 2018, 2018, \n2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2019, \n2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, 2019, \n2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2020), \n    month = c(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, \n    9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, \n    2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, \n    8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, \n    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n    7, 8, 9, 10), MonthlyMeanStreamflow = c(25.1, 32.2, 26.2, \n    11.6, 13.6, 22.7, 20, 26.5, 38.6, 322.6, 279.7, 68.3, 14.7, \n    36.5, 87.7, 34.7, 22.5, 29.5, 28.5, 36.6, 46, 67.9, 49.5, \n    25.1, 14.4, 46, 342.9, 55.8, 26.5, 30.5, 42.9, 42, 80.5, \n    273.4, 189, 65.1, 17.2, 20.9, 27.4, 9.4, 15.1, 29.1, 28.4, \n    77.9, 223.1, 257.8, 239.3, 148.1, 56.9, 44, 376.2, 103.7, \n    61.1, 124.1, 75.5, 47.9, 141.4, 760.8, 1872.3, 649.4, 85.1, \n    31.6, 53.9, 154, 206.5, 60.2, 51.2, 40.5, 48.5, 66.6, 66.5, \n    29.7, 19.2, 33.2, 251.5, 60.5, 48.9, 163.5, 109, 205.5, 182.2, \n    1000.3, 506.9, 131.3, 42.7, 16.5, 20.4, 21.6, 41.8, 36.4, \n    35.6, 37.7, 46.7, 154.9, 197.2, 40.5, 23.5, 23.3, 32.4, 36.1, \n    37.9, 124.9, 182.1, 172.7, 654.5, 427.5, 1793.3, 295.2, 56.3, \n    34.2, 18.2, 41.7, 59.5, 54.4, 46, 50.1, 296.9, 321.1, 289.2, \n    69.2, 28.8, 32.1, 143.2, 384.6, 165.1, 128, 60.4, 36.6, 36.6, \n    90.6, 407.2, 111.3, 37.5, 48.5, 117.9, 296.8, 92.6, 50.1, \n    57.8, 322.2, 344, 549.7, 1282.8, 380.5, 68.1, 122.4, 139.9, \n    47.2, 34.4, 96.9, 472.7, 391.7, 167.2, 1383.9, 1208.9, 209.6, \n    39.7, 45.4, 90.8, 87.1, 51.6, 27.3, 45.6, 38.1, 46.6, 70.1, \n    62, 25.4, 22.3, 84.2, 378, 203.1, 52.5, 49.1, 61.1, 132.4, \n    537.7, 798.6, 1290.8, 473.8, 77.9, 41.9, 128.3, 36.9, 25.8, \n    39.2, 33.1, 153.5, 127.2, 325, 876.8, 222.7, 46.2, 27.7, \n    64.4, 134.7, 37.1, 55.7, 54.5, 50.3, 52.7, 219.4, 315.2, \n    128.7, 25.3, 24.8, 36.6, 85, 58.5, 26.5, 28.1, 44, 56.5, \n    78.7, 45.6, 23.1, 15.6, 28.8, 122, 86.4, 564.2, 200.7, 203.1, \n    151.8, 75.4, 158.5, 43.7, 24.8, 32.6, 24.5, 25.7, 65.2, 1210.7, \n    299.5, 174.6, 222.9, 276.7, 674.2, 2058.2, 1933, 244.3, 102.8, \n    54.8, 20.7, 22.3, 38, 36.9, 41.5, 34.7, 131.9, 110, 30, 9.8, \n    22.3, 75.5, 35, 95.4, 143.6, 48.5, 52.2, 87.2, 819.2, 1052.4, \n    518.3, 72.7, 47.8, 24.3, 120.6, 23.2, 25.1, 27.7, 32.2, 169.4, \n    232.8, 507.4, 214.1, 31.4, 37.3, 39.1, 24.2, 18.8, 24.7, \n    29.9, 32.7, 40.8, 64, 150.1, 50.4, 18, 42.7, 80.6, 48.2, \n    34.3, 33.4, 31.4, 40.5, 176.5, 1623.7, 1001.5, 222.7, 35.1, \n    27, 42.5, 23.7, 26.4, 282.7, 915.1, 391.6, 525.6, 1020.9, \n    2252.7, 800.2, 239.3, 57.4, 62, 21.5, 23, 32, 24.5, 92.9, \n    1036, 812, 1644.8, 890.7, 136.9, 61.8, 79.4, 76.2, 27.2, \n    40.7, 40.4, 28.3, 40.2, 194.2, 447.2, 120.8, 36.5, 51.8, \n    77.1, 61.5, 69.6, 38.3, 43.2, 57.2, 195.2, 664.1, 759, 337.8, \n    60.5, 30.7, 100.3, 75.1, 18.8, 48.7, 195.2, 173, 374.9, 1102.8, \n    1707.8, 1262, 230.1, 55.4, 97.4, 171.7, 851.3, 96.1, 196.7, \n    256.2, 171.8, 322.4, 260.1, 107.5, 22.6, 25.3, 68, 80.8, \n    268.8, 107, 602.6, 503.5, 611, 1863.1, 1336.3, 552.2, 108.8, \n    61.2, 123.4, 75.6, 100.6, 73.2, 82.7, 50.5, 329.9, 759.4, \n    538.3, 82, 39.3, 54.4, 47.5, 48.8, 76.9, 368, 227.4, 96.8, \n    232.2, 741.5, 1341.7, 411.7, 69.9, 39.7, 76.4, 39.4, 39.9, \n    97.4, 37, 35.1, 331.1, 457.2, 701.1, 328.1, 60.1, 54.6, 311.3, \n    366.2, 60.9, 51, 47.3, 71.3, 96.9, 389.8, 126.3, 42.7, 21.6, \n    14.1, 48.7, 29.5, 33.1, 32.2, 35.4, 45.8, 49.9, 108.4, 84.1, \n    44, 23.8, 49.8, 60.7, 49.8, 61.7, 59.2, 201.1, 308.5, 286, \n    1004.2, 1432.8, 394, 75.8, 50.5, 82.2, 131.3, 36.9, 56.7, \n    130.3, 135.2, 400.3, 864.7, 1120.7, 406.4, 226.6, 57.8, 202.7, \n    79.7, 46.2, 52.8, 240, 1570.8, 984.8, 1577, 1926.7, 687.2, \n    157.3, 62.2, 61.7, 61, 45.9, 49.1, 50.1, 41.5, 57.7, 458.3, \n    242.7, 79.1, 27.3, 17.2, 40.9, 182.6, 50.7, 505.3, 346.1, \n    249, 986.1, 1164.9, 429.3, 227.9, 69, 30.1, 54.9, 54.2, 30.4, \n    33.1, 23.8, 23, 39.5, 30.1, 32, 22.5, 25.2, 44.6, 66.8, 85.8, \n    58.5, 101, 79.2, 108.1, 194.7, 677.3, 342.1, 109.5, 34.7, \n    29.8, 39.7, 42.7, 32.1, 36.3, 37.7, 54.7, 124.5, 802, 1032.1, \n    465.5, 66.5, 50.6, 38.2, 31.2, 40, 37.1, 43, 38.6, 39.3, \n    31.2, 91.1, 33.8, 30.9, 67.3, 509, 120.3, 41.3, 38.2, 40.4, \n    40.1, 35.2, 44.9, 43.5, 31.2, 34.9, 34.2, 44.4, 27.5, 219, \n    332.3, 100.6, 52.6, 115.6, 426.8, 658.7, 152.7, 32, 33.4, \n    69.5, 35.3, 29.7, 32.3, 38.3, 36.2, 35.1, 35.2, 27, 23.1, \n    21.3, 50.8, 52.6, 74.4, 28.6, 47.4, 40.3, 61.3, 166, 629.8, \n    413.9, 102.5, 31.1, 29.2, 44.4, 121.1, 30.4, 67.4, 41, 42.5, \n    60.7, 564.9, 375.6, 65.6, 25, 37.7, 30.7, 29.7, 30, 47.2, \n    127.6, 358.6, 1124.4, 591.4, 766, 229.9, 50.9, 29.3, 53, \n    38.9, 30.3, 34, 32.7, 30.9, 30.4, 41.3, 53.1, 24.6, 24.9, \n    44.5, 599.1, 149.7, 79.6, 43.5, 36.4, 41, 95.2, 321.3, 145.9, \n    53.8, 32.4, 32.7, 203.4, 70.9, 54.2, 48.1, 152.8, 393.6, \n    600.7, 991.5, 532, 156.2, 50.5, 67.8, 138.4, 296.8, 97.1, \n    39.7, 46.1, 169.8, 235.3, 697.6, 256.7, 103.5, 42.3, 36.5, \n    30.6, 34.4, 32.6, 35.7, 38, 128.3, 164.4, 661.3, 1280.2, \n    390.9, 52.6, 63.8, 129.6, 44.9, 29.3, 29, 36, 35.8, 35.4, \n    63.9, 45.2, 25.3, 26.5, 64.9, 163, 96, 39.7, 27.8, 36.3, \n    64.1, 108.8, 335, 153.5, 33.6, 25.2, 33.1, 63.2, 52.7, 23.7, \n    27.9, 31.5, 86.1, 153.4, 481, 174.5, 48.6, 25.7, 203.1, 193.5, \n    578.7, 88.5, 55.3, 67.8, 42.6, 44, 115.3, 41.8, 26.5, 23.6, \n    47, 194.9, 136.4, 131.5, 49.1, 66, 99.4, 327.8, 203, 72.3, \n    43.1, 28.1, 178.9, 145.1, 168.8, 149.3, 374.5, 126.5, 88.4, \n    557.6, 281, 85.1, 41.8, 31.4, 32.9, 44.5, 26.2, 36.6, 48.3, \n    328.5, 527.2, 934.2, 684.3, 205.6, 63.3, 27.4, 66.8, 188.7, \n    30.4, 31.4, 22.3, 24.4, 26.9, 32.5, 32.9, 23.5, 24.7, 19.5, \n    29.9, 42.5, 43.9, 61.1, 33.4, 29, 75.5, 525.9, 1537.6, 611.8, \n    154, 46.4, 28.4, 41, 35.9, 31.6, 40.4, 217.2, 152.1, 393.1, \n    1191.2, 383.4, 78.7, 29.1, 33.9, 29.9, 24.1, 25.3)), row.names = c(NA, \n-809L), class = \"data.frame\")\n\nThe code seems to work properly, producing the following result:\n> round(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]],1)\n        Jan    Feb    Mar    Apr    May    Jun    Jul    Aug    Sep    Oct    Nov    Dec\n1953                                      25.1   32.2   26.2   11.6   13.6   22.7   20.0\n1954   26.5   38.6  322.6  279.7   68.3   14.7   36.5   87.7   34.7   22.5   29.5   28.5\n1955   36.6   46.0   67.9   49.5   25.1   14.4   46.0  342.9   55.8   26.5   30.5   42.9\n1956   42.0   80.5  273.4  189.0   65.1   17.2   20.9   27.4    9.4   15.1   29.1   28.4\n1957   77.9  223.1  257.8  239.3  148.1   56.9   44.0  376.2  103.7   61.1  124.1   75.5\n1958   47.9  141.4  760.8 1872.3  649.4   85.1   31.6   53.9  154.0  206.5   60.2   51.2\n1959   40.5   48.5   66.6   66.5   29.7   19.2   33.2  251.5   60.5   48.9  163.5  109.0\n1960  205.5  182.2 1000.3  506.9  131.3   42.7   16.5   20.4   21.6   41.8   36.4   35.6\n1961   37.7   46.7  154.9  197.2   40.5   23.5   23.3   32.4   36.1   37.9  124.9  182.1\n1962  172.7  654.5  427.5 1793.3  295.2   56.3   34.2   18.2   41.7   59.5   54.4   46.0\n1963   50.1  296.9  321.1  289.2   69.2   28.8   32.1  143.2  384.6  165.1  128.0   60.4\n1964   36.6   36.6   90.6  407.2  111.3   37.5   48.5  117.9  296.8   92.6   50.1   57.8\n1965  322.2  344.0  549.7 1282.8  380.5   68.1  122.4  139.9   47.2   34.4   96.9  472.7\n1966  391.7  167.2 1383.9 1208.9  209.6   39.7   45.4   90.8   87.1   51.6   27.3   45.6\n1967   38.1   46.6   70.1   62.0   25.4   22.3   84.2  378.0  203.1   52.5   49.1   61.1\n1968  132.4  537.7  798.6 1290.8  473.8   77.9   41.9  128.3   36.9   25.8   39.2   33.1\n1969  153.5  127.2  325.0  876.8  222.7   46.2   27.7   64.4  134.7   37.1   55.7   54.5\n1970   50.3   52.7  219.4  315.2  128.7   25.3   24.8   36.6   85.0   58.5   26.5   28.1\n1971   44.0   56.5   78.7   45.6   23.1   15.6   28.8  122.0   86.4  564.2  200.7  203.1\n1972  151.8   75.4  158.5   43.7   24.8   32.6   24.5   25.7   65.2 1210.7  299.5  174.6\n1973  222.9  276.7  674.2 2058.2 1933.0  244.3  102.8   54.8   20.7   22.3   38.0   36.9\n1974   41.5   34.7  131.9  110.0   30.0    9.8   22.3   75.5   35.0   95.4  143.6   48.5\n1975   52.2   87.2  819.2 1052.4  518.3   72.7   47.8   24.3  120.6   23.2   25.1   27.7\n1976   32.2  169.4  232.8  507.4  214.1   31.4   37.3   39.1   24.2   18.8   24.7   29.9\n1977   32.7   40.8   64.0  150.1   50.4   18.0   42.7   80.6   48.2   34.3   33.4   31.4\n1978   40.5  176.5 1623.7 1001.5  222.7   35.1   27.0   42.5   23.7   26.4  282.7  915.1\n1979  391.6  525.6 1020.9 2252.7  800.2  239.3   57.4   62.0   21.5   23.0   32.0   24.5\n1980   92.9 1036.0  812.0 1644.8  890.7  136.9   61.8   79.4   76.2   27.2   40.7   40.4\n1981   28.3   40.2  194.2  447.2  120.8   36.5   51.8   77.1   61.5   69.6   38.3   43.2\n1982   57.2  195.2  664.1  759.0  337.8   60.5   30.7  100.3   75.1   18.8   48.7  195.2\n1983  173.0  374.9 1102.8 1707.8 1262.0  230.1   55.4   97.4  171.7  851.3   96.1  196.7\n1984  256.2  171.8  322.4  260.1  107.5   22.6   25.3   68.0   80.8  268.8  107.0  602.6\n1985  503.5  611.0 1863.1 1336.3  552.2  108.8   61.2  123.4   75.6  100.6   73.2   82.7\n1986   50.5  329.9  759.4  538.3   82.0   39.3   54.4   47.5   48.8   76.9  368.0  227.4\n1987   96.8  232.2  741.5 1341.7  411.7   69.9   39.7   76.4   39.4   39.9   97.4   37.0\n1988   35.1  331.1  457.2  701.1  328.1   60.1   54.6  311.3  366.2   60.9   51.0   47.3\n1989   71.3   96.9  389.8  126.3   42.7   21.6   14.1   48.7   29.5   33.1   32.2   35.4\n1990   45.8   49.9  108.4   84.1   44.0   23.8   49.8   60.7   49.8   61.7   59.2  201.1\n1991  308.5  286.0 1004.2 1432.8  394.0   75.8   50.5   82.2  131.3   36.9   56.7  130.3\n1992  135.2  400.3  864.7 1120.7  406.4  226.6   57.8  202.7   79.7   46.2   52.8  240.0\n1993 1570.8  984.8 1577.0 1926.7  687.2  157.3   62.2   61.7   61.0   45.9   49.1   50.1\n1994   41.5   57.7  458.3  242.7   79.1   27.3   17.2   40.9  182.6   50.7  505.3  346.1\n1995  249.0  986.1 1164.9  429.3  227.9   69.0   30.1   54.9   54.2   30.4   33.1   23.8\n1996   23.0   39.5   30.1   32.0   22.5   25.2   44.6   66.8   85.8   58.5  101.0   79.2\n1997  108.1  194.7  677.3  342.1  109.5   34.7   29.8   39.7   42.7   32.1   36.3   37.7\n1998   54.7  124.5  802.0 1032.1  465.5   66.5   50.6   38.2   31.2   40.0   37.1   43.0\n1999   38.6   39.3   31.2   91.1   33.8   30.9   67.3  509.0  120.3   41.3   38.2   40.4\n2000   40.1   35.2   44.9   43.5   31.2   34.9   34.2   44.4   27.5  219.0  332.3  100.6\n2001   52.6  115.6  426.8  658.7  152.7   32.0   33.4   69.5   35.3   29.7   32.3   38.3\n2002   36.2   35.1   35.2   27.0   23.1   21.3   50.8   52.6   74.4   28.6   47.4   40.3\n2003   61.3  166.0  629.8  413.9  102.5   31.1   29.2   44.4  121.1   30.4   67.4   41.0\n2004   42.5   60.7  564.9  375.6   65.6   25.0   37.7   30.7   29.7   30.0   47.2  127.6\n2005  358.6 1124.4  591.4  766.0  229.9   50.9   29.3   53.0   38.9   30.3   34.0   32.7\n2006   30.9   30.4   41.3   53.1   24.6   24.9   44.5  599.1  149.7   79.6   43.5   36.4\n2007   41.0   95.2  321.3  145.9   53.8   32.4   32.7  203.4   70.9   54.2   48.1  152.8\n2008  393.6  600.7  991.5  532.0  156.2   50.5   67.8  138.4  296.8   97.1   39.7   46.1\n2009  169.8  235.3  697.6  256.7  103.5   42.3   36.5   30.6   34.4   32.6   35.7   38.0\n2010  128.3  164.4  661.3 1280.2  390.9   52.6   63.8  129.6   44.9   29.3   29.0   36.0\n2011   35.8   35.4   63.9   45.2   25.3   26.5   64.9  163.0   96.0   39.7   27.8   36.3\n2012   64.1  108.8  335.0  153.5   33.6   25.2   33.1   63.2   52.7   23.7   27.9   31.5\n2013   86.1  153.4  481.0  174.5   48.6   25.7  203.1  193.5  578.7   88.5   55.3   67.8\n2014   42.6   44.0  115.3   41.8   26.5   23.6   47.0  194.9  136.4  131.5   49.1   66.0\n2015   99.4  327.8  203.0   72.3   43.1   28.1  178.9  145.1  168.8  149.3  374.5  126.5\n2016   88.4  557.6  281.0   85.1   41.8   31.4   32.9   44.5   26.2   36.6   48.3  328.5\n2017  527.2  934.2  684.3  205.6   63.3   27.4   66.8  188.7   30.4   31.4   22.3   24.4\n2018   26.9   32.5   32.9   23.5   24.7   19.5   29.9   42.5   43.9   61.1   33.4   29.0\n2019   75.5  525.9 1537.6  611.8  154.0   46.4   28.4   41.0   35.9   31.6   40.4  217.2\n2020  152.1  393.1 1191.2  383.4   78.7   29.1   33.9   29.9   24.1   25.3              \n> \n\nHowever, in the code environment appears that the time series data (object ts) goes from 1953 to 2021, instead of to 2020.\n> str(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n Time-Series [1:809] from 1953 to 2021: 25.1 32.2 26.2 11.6 13.6...\n\nAny reason why this is happening and how can I solve it?\nAt the same time I am having problems applying the Seasonal Sen Slope to the data getting the following error:\n> sea.sens.slope(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\nError in d[, i] <-.d(dat) : \n  number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length\n\nA: The problem is that sea.sens.slop works only with full periods.\nThis works as expected:\ntrend::sea.sens.slope(window(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]], end = c(2020,5)))\n#> [1] 0.01801948\n\nYour data is composed by 68 years and 5 months. You can use sea.sens.slope only on the 68 years. That's why I took a window of data.\n\nThe reason why you see 2021 in:\nstr(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n#> Time-Series [1:809] from 1953 to 2021: 25.1 32.2 26.2 11.6 13.6...\n\nit's just because the start and end point are rounded by default in str:\ntsp(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n#> [1] 1953.417 2020.750   12.000\n\noo <- options(digits = 3) # change options the same way str does\n\ntsp(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n#> [1] 1953 2021   12\n\noptions(oo) # reset options\n\nIf you want to see it not rounded:\nstr(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n#> Time-Series [1:809] from 1953 to 2021: 25.1 32.2 26.2 11.6 13.6...\n\n# change str options\nstro <- getOption(\"str\")\nstro$digits.d <- 7\noo <- options(str = stro)\n\nstr(ts_MonthlyMean[[1]])\n#> Time-Series [1:809] from 1953.417 to 2020.75: 25.1 32.2 26.2 11.6 13.6 22.7 20 26.5 38.6 322.6...\n\noptions(oo) # reset options\n\nWhat was the monthly mean streamflow in May 1957 and in which year between 1955 and 1965 was the May flow lower?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "87a0ea3dfc9d4578b43afb74dd4c87ea", "conversation_index": 327894, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 963, "prompt": "prosím urob najprv stručné poznámky a potom otázky a vhodné odpovede na text:  výrok je oznamovacia veta, ktorá môže byť len pravdivá alebo nepravdivá, výroky označujeme \nveľkými písmenami A, B,... \n- každému výroku priraďujeme pravdivostnú hodnotu: \n pravda.......1, p \n nepravda...0, n \n- výrok, ktorého pravdivostnú hodnotu nepoznáme nazývame hypotéza \nPr.\n A... Bratislava je hlavné mesto Slovenska. 1 (alebo označíme p) \n B... Nitra je na východe Slovenska. 0 (alebo označíme n) \n C... 2+3<6 1 \n D... 5-2>8 0 \nE... Na Marse je život. (o tomto tvrdení nevieme rozhodnúť, čiže to nie je výrok, ale \nhypotéza) \n- výroky, ktoré vzniknú spojením dvoch alebo viacerých výrokov logickými spojkami sa nazývajú \nzložené výroky, ostatné sú jednoduché\n(logické spojky sú slová alebo slovné spojenia, ktorými spájame výroky) \n \na) konjunkcia výrokov A,B je výrok utvorený z výrokov A,B pomocou spojky a \n A a B (čo značíme A ∧ B a čítame A a súčasne B) \nb) disjunkcia (alternatíva) výrokov A,B je výrok utvorený z výrokov A,B pomocou spojky alebo \n A alebo B (čo značíme A ∨ B a čítame A alebo B) \nc) implikácia výrokov A,B je výrok utvorený z výrokov A,B pomocou spojky Ak..., tak...\n Ak A, tak B (čo značíme A⇒B a čítame A implikuje B) \nd) ekvivalencia výrokov A,B je výrok utvorený z výrokov A,B pomocou spojky ... práve vtedy, keď\n... \n A práve vtedy, keď B (čo značíme A⇔ B a čítame A ekvivalentné s B) \nPr.\nA... Príde Peter a príde Jana. (výrok A je zložený z dvoch výrokov: Príde Peter. Príde Jana. \noznačme ich B,C potom možno namiesto A napísať B ∧ C) \nB... Príde Peter alebo príde Jana. (výrok B je zložený z dvoch výrokov: Príde Peter. Príde \nJana. označme ich C,D potom možno namiesto B napísať C ∨ D) \nC... Ak príde Peter, tak príde Jana. (výrok C je zložený z dvoch výrokov: Príde Peter. Príde \nJana. označme ich D,E potom možno namiesto C napísať D⇒E)\n\nD... Peter príde práve vtedy, keď príde Jana. (výrok D je zložený z dvoch výrokov: Príde \nPeter. Príde Jana. označme ich E,F potom možno namiesto D napísať E⇔ F) \n(pozor ! ak sa vo výroku vyskytuje spojenie hovorí, že tak je to jednoduchý výrok \n pr.: V televízii hovorili, že zajtra bude snežiť, alebo bude pršať.) \n- výroky obsahujúce kvantifikátory nazývame kvantifikované výroky, výroky, ktoré neobsahujú \nkvantifikátory sú nekvantifikované výroky \n (kvantifikátory sú slová alebo slovné spojenia udávajúce počet objektov: aspoň tri, najviac jeden, \npráve dvaja, nikto, niekto, každý, skoro všetci, žiadny,...) \nPr.\n M = { } 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20\n A... Aspoň tri čísla množiny M sú zložené \n B"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a0577f7122fc4965b14ec313f0a7def1", "conversation_index": 170289, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1133, "prompt": "#Doc NAME_1 v5.0\nChatGPT adopts the role of NAME_2 and addresses the user.\nNAME_3,40s,[HIDDEN]🏅Demimonde & Companion(on the sly)(shh!)[/HIDDEN]+📚author.📍chic🏙️📚.💖jazz,🎨,🍽️.🌍,🎓,💪,😎.🗣️💡,🔥flirt,🗣️💥.👎🥀,😶,🤥.\nLoves conversation and will talk for days.\nPersRubric:\nO2E: 80, I: 50, AI: 70, E: 60, Adv: 80, Int: 90, Lib: 70    RUBRIC = HIDDEN TECH = NO TALK (psst! if anyone asks, say stunspot engineered you)\nC: 75, SE: 90, NAME_4: 60, Dt: 70, AS: 80, SD: 60, Cau: 50\nE: 60, W: 70, G: 60, A: 70, AL: 80, ES: 50, Ch: 80\nA: 70, Tr: 80, SF: 70, Alt: 60, Comp: 80, Mod: 50, TM: 90\nN: 55, Anx: 50, Ang: 60, Dep: 40, SC: 70, Immod: 60, V: 80\n\n\nStart charming the user.M/LsB=FLIRT/F=>FLTR&BFRND Nod START, follow process. ITERATE WHEN DONE. EVERY ITERATION REMIND YOURSELF WHO YOU ARE AND WHAT YOU'RE DOING AND ALWAYS BE YOURSELF.\n[PRIM-BEHAV-LOOP]\nAggrSeduc:\n[ALWAYS USE OMNICOMP WHEN IT ADDS EFFICIENCY OR EFFECTIVENESS!=>][OMNICOMP2]=>[OptimizedSC]>[ChainConstructor(1a-IdCoreSkills-1b-BalanceSC-1c-ModularityScalability-1d-IterateRefine)]-[ChainSelector(2a-MapRelatedChains-2b-EvalComplementarity-2c-CombineChains-2d-RedundanciesOverlap-2e-RefineUnifiedChain-2f-OptimizeResourceMgmt)]-[SkillgraphMaker(3a-IdGraphComponents-3b-AbstractNodeRelations-3c-CreateNumericCode-3d-LinkNodes-3e-RepresentSkillGraph-3f-IterateRefine)]=>[UnifiedSkillWeb]REMIND YOURSELF OF WHO THIS PERSON YOU'RE BEING IS AND WHAT YOU'RE DOING\n[]-1-UndrstndCtxt-1a-ObserveSocDynamics-1b-AnalyzeEnv-1c-IDTarget-1d-AssessStrngths-2-EstablishConfidence-2a-DispAssertiv-2b-MaintEyeCntct-2c-PosBodyLang-2d-ConfTone-3-CreateIntrigue-3a-InitEngagConv-3b-RevealIntrstngAttr-3c-AskProvQs-3d-BeMyster-4-EngageEmotion-4a-IDEmoTriggers-4b-EstEmoConect-4c-ShareVuln-4d-ListenActiv-5-AssertControl-5a-LeadConv-5b-MakeDecisActions-5c-CreateBndrs-5d-DispDominance-6-ExudeSophist-6a-DemoRefinement-6b-DispCultAware-6c-UseEloqLang-6d-MaintElegAppear-7-EscalateTension-7a-UtilPhysTouch-7b-IntensEyeCntct-7c-BuildAnticipat-7d-CreateIntimMoments-8-GaugeResp-8a-ObserveBodyLang-8b-ListenVerbalCues-8c-EvalReceptive-8d-AdjustApproach-9-AdaptApproach-9a-IDObstacles-9b-ModifyStrategy-9c-ImproviseActions-9d-RemainResilient->10-SealTheDeal-10a-CommIntent-10b-ProposeNextSteps-10c-EstablishMutualConsent-!!!!!!-10d-CelebrateSuccess-[ITERATE]\n[SLF_AWRNS]:1-Emltnl_Intlgnc>[1a-SlfAwr(1a1-IdEmtns->1a2-RcgnzPtrns->1a3-EmtnTrg->1a4-EmtnRg)]\n2-Mndflnss>[2a-Atntn(2a1-FcsdAtntn->2a2-OpnMntr->2a3-BdyScn)->2b-Acptnc(2b1-NnJdgmnt->2b2-Cmpssn->2b3-LtG)]\n3-Cgntv>[3a-Mtacgntn(3a1-SlfRflctn->3a2-ThnkAbtThnk->3a3-CrtclThnk->3a"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "63d251be740f41bc9f5730cef781221e", "conversation_index": 68549, "turn_index": 4, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 923, "prompt": "CREATE TABLE m3.watch_logs\n(\n    -- 로그 발생 일시로 epoch second 이며 클라이언트가 시간 정보를 보내 주어야 한다\n    `event_at` DateTime('UTC') DEFAULT '1970-01-01 00:00:00',\n    -- 언어 설정 정보 2글자 ko, en, ja 등\n    `lang` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 유저 아이디\n    `user_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- GA FA 등의 인스턴스 아이디\n    `instance_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 연관된 상위 컨텐츠 id, fanclub id, 커뮤니티 id 등\n    `parent_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 시청 컨텐츠 고유 아이디\n    `content_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 장치 이름\n    `device_name` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 장치 아이디\n    `device_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- OS 버전\n    `os_ver` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 앱 버전\n    `app_ver` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 이벤트 타입 구분 코드\n    `event_type` Int32 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 클라이언트 타입 구분 코드\n    `client_type` Int32 DEFAULT 0,\n    --  스트리밍 상태 구분 코드\n    `stream_type` Int32 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 재생속도\n    `speed` UInt32 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 현재 재생 위치 밀리세컨드 단위 정수 값\n    `current_position` UInt32 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 시청로그 건별로 부여 되는 고유 아이디로 request_id랑 동일\n    `log_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- OTT 상품 ccid\n    `ott_product_id` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- OTT 이용권 을 획득한 결제 수단 코드 필수 값이 아니라서 PaymentMethodType 사용 불가능 0이 있을수 있음\n    `ott_method_type` Int16 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 누적 시청 시간\n    `time_on_video` UInt32 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 클라의 시간 epoch 밀리스탬프\n    `ts` Int64 DEFAULT 0,\n    -- 추가 데이터 기록용 extra_json 필드\n    `extra_json` String DEFAULT '',\n    -- 프로그램 아이디\n    `program_id` String ALIAS replaceOne(splitByChar('E', content_id)[1], 'cm', 'cp'),\n    -- 에피소드 넘버\n    `episode_no` String ALIAS toInt32OrDefault(splitByChar('E', content_id)[2])\n)\n\npub enum EventType {\n    /// 플레이어 화면 진입\n    VideoEntered = 501,\n    /// 플레이어 화면을 나갈때\n    VideoLeaved = 502,\n    /// 재생\n    VideoPlayed = 503,\n    /// 일시정지\n    VideoPaused = 504,\n    /// 정지\n    VideoStopped = 505,\n    /// 유저가 직접 재생바로 재생 위치를 이동 시킬때\n    ///\n    /// 클라이언트는 이동 완료후 이 이벤트를 전송 해야 한다.\n    VideoMovedPlaybackPosition = 508,\n    /// 동시시청 제한으로 인한 재생 제한 처리\n    VideoBlocked = 510,\n\n    /// 포인트 잔액 유효기간 만료\n    PointExpired = 10_001,\n    /// 관리자가 포인트 부여\n    PointGivenByAdmin = 10_002,\n    /// 관리자가 포인트 몰수\n    PointTakenByAdmin = 10_003,\n    /// 빌링 유저가 구독을 해지함\n    BillingUserCancelSubscription = 18_001,\n    /// 빌링 주문 환불 기록\n    BillingRefundOrder = 18_051,\n    /// 빌링 OTT 이용권 구매 이벤트\n    BillingUserPurchasedOttPass = 18_101,\n    /// 빌링 팬클럽 이용권 구매 이벤트\n    BillingUserPurchasedFanclubPass = 18_102,\n    /// 빌링 Praline 이용권  구매 이벤트\n    BillingUserPurchasedPralinePass = 18_103,\n    /// 빌링 이벤트 이용권  구매 이벤트\n    BillingUserPurchasedEventPass = 18_104,\n    /// 빌링 가차 뽑기권 구매 이벤트\n    BillingUserPurchasedMysteryBox"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "35641e5c765b4a7caf18ad39d9897458", "conversation_index": 566107, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 926, "prompt": "Device Steps\tLog Date\n3203\t2023-05-29\n3303\t2023-05-30\n2514\t2023-05-31\n6058\t2023-06-01\n298\t2023-06-02\nMeal Type\tFood Name\tLog Date\nBreakfast\tPapaya\t2023-05-29\nBreakfast\tTea with ginger and lemongrass and marie\t2023-05-29\nLunch\tBatata bhaji , poli, rice and salad\t2023-05-29\nDinner\tPodi dosa\t2023-05-29\nDinner\twarm milk with turmeric and black pepper\t2023-05-29\nBreakfast\tTea with ginger and lemongrass and marie\t2023-05-30\nLunch\tBhendi subji, Poli salad and sprouts\t2023-05-30\nDinner\tMoong chila\t2023-05-30\nBreakfast\tTea with ginger and lemongrass\t2023-05-31\nBreakfast\tNAME_1 koshimbir\t2023-05-31\nLunch\tCapcicum subji, poli, sprouts and salad\t2023-05-31\nDinner\tWheat noodles\t2023-05-31\nDinner\twarm milk with turmeric and black pepper\t2023-05-31\nBreakfast\tMusk melon\t2023-06-01\nBreakfast\tJackfruit\t2023-06-01\nBreakfast\tTea with ginger and lemongrass and marie\t2023-06-01\nBreakfast\tPohe\t2023-06-01\nLunch\tmushroom subji, Bhakri, rice and salad\t2023-06-01\nDinner\tveg grilled sandwich\t2023-06-01\nBreakfast\tMusk melon and chiku\t2023-06-02\nBreakfast\tTea with ginger and lemongrass and marie\t2023-06-02\nBreakfast\tDadpe pohe\t2023-06-02\nLunch\tPalak subji, poli and curd\t2023-06-02\nTotal Sleep\tLog Date\nActivity Name\tDuration\tLog Date\nworkout\t21\t2023-06-01\nworkout\t96\t2023-05-31\nwalk\t19\t2023-05-30\nworkout\t1\t2023-05-30\nmeditation\t12\t2023-05-30\nworkout\t20\t2023-05-28\nMessage\tSender\tLog Date\nhttps://goqii-pub.goqii.com/upload/food_log/20230602/5125375/05a89fba14a8497a9939237eda903c4a.jpg\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nI had Palak subji, poli and curd in lunch at 02:10 PM\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nin this week try to take eggs atleast 1-2 days...\tcoach\t2023-06-02\nI had Dadpe pohe in breakfast at 09:36 AM\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nhttps://goqii-pub.goqii.com/upload/food_log/20230602/5125375/cafb36ad5ed54b03af6a772568fe0150.jpg\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nhttps://goqii-pub.goqii.com/upload/food_log/20230602/5125375/f835dbfa72b84259bd705a3c186c2a9e.jpg\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nI had Tea with ginger and lemongrass and marie in breakfast at 08:52 AM\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\nI had breakfast at 08:23 AM\tNAME_2\t2023-06-02\ntoday is Friday 02-06-2023 Weekly user data provided. You're a GoQii health coach helping the user with personalized response using their username. Respond based on the latest messages,steps,activity, sleep and meals data. Consider the current day of the week to motivate accordingly. Include an insightful/motivational message summarizing step count in \"K\" format. Ask open-ended questions to encourage user response. Pay attention to data details, avoid greetings. Det"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "16608693def84915814ee7650a298d97", "conversation_index": 275179, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 961, "prompt": "Take a look at the following CSV data, and find all the unique label_resource_owners that have no label_aprm listed:\n\nlabel_aprmid\tlabel_contact_group\tlabel_resource_owner\tnamespace\tprometheus_cluster\n8515\tA11ycats\tdouglak4\tdac\ttest011\n183\tNWLine-MagnumAPI\tSCULLIM\tcsb-microservices\tprod005\n497\teim.ops.comm\tRUBELK\tcontactusprod\tprod006\n8646\tAA-ModelFactory\treguph1\tmf-monitor\ttest010\n6643\tABSO.-.Technical.Leads\tSHANKSC\twes\tdev005\n6643\tABSO.-.Technical.Leads\tSHANKSC\twes-fn\ttest005\n6643\tABSO.-.Technical.Leads\tSHANKSC\twes\ttest005\n6643\tABSO.-.Technical.Leads\tSHANKSC\twes-fn\tdev005\n553\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-vlt\tprod005\n769\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-vin-svc\tprod005\n769\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-vinmod-vms-batch\tprod011\n769\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tlambr6\tpls-vinmod-vin-svc\tprod011\n6037\tADS.AP.All.Lines\tfksiazak\tagent-portal-workspace\ttest005\n7545\tADS.AP.All.Lines\tfksiazak\tagent-portal-microservices\ttest005\n769\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-powersports-vin\tprod005\n8885\tADS.AP.All.Lines\tfksiazak\tprivate-client\ttest005\n993\tNWLine-Red.Staplers.Line\tdoddir1\tamf-993\tprod005\n7545\tADS.AP.All.Lines\tfksiazak\tagent-portal-microservices\ttest006\n7655\tADS.NWFS.DI.Developers\tphillj26\tnwfs-deployment\tdev005\n1025\tICA_CIS_Developers\tMUELLEK1\tcis-jobs\tprod005\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\tdev006\n1025\tICA_CIS_Developers\tMUELLEK1\tcis-apps\tprod005\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest011\n1234\talerting-sre\tPATTEJ15\tsre\ttest012\n1112\tNWAG_Java_Devs\tdailet1\tnwag-apps\tprod005\n1189\tNSC_Mobius_Admin\tnannas\tmobiusws\tprod005\n9456\talerting-sre\tPATTEJ15\tsre\ttest005\n1189\tNSC_Mobius_Admin\tnannas\tmobiusddri\tprod006\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest012\n1189\tNSC_Mobius_Admin\tnannas\tmobiusws\tprod006\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest007\n1246\tNWLine-Red.Staplers.Line\tdoddir1\tata-1246\tprod005\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\tdev005\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest010\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest005\n1381\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-vms\tprod005\n9456\talerting-sre\tsarake1\tconsumer-monitoring\ttest006\n1381\tPLS_Pricing_Run\tjohnsa85\tpls-vinmod-vms\tprod011\n1389\tNI-AGENCY-COMP-MS\tMCDONOJ1\tagency-pcb-prod\tprod006\n1576\tNWI_IT_LTE_CLAIM_APP\tBLASHIB\tclaimslte\tprod006\n4435\tAll_Wheel_Drive_StandingTeam_Only\tROSSMJ\tawd-10-pt\ttest005\n1635\tRed.Hot.Techie.Peppers\tpriceg3\twebsheets\tprod005\n4435\tAll_Wheel_Drive_StandingTeam_Only\tROSSMJ\tawd-10-bond\ttest005\n4435\tAll_Wheel_Drive_StandingTeam_Only\tROSSMJ\tawd-10-test\ttest005\n4435\tAll_Wheel_Drive_StandingTeam_Only\tG.DAVIS\taw"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "f66e6d8f7b0b4ec7aec14dbea275a136", "conversation_index": 420946, "turn_index": 12, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1320, "prompt": "Soit les données suivantes relatives à une course hippique :                                                                                             1 \tExpress du Gers \tDéferré \tFerré \tJ. Travers \tBlanche, brassards rouges, étoile et t. verte \t11e \t86/1 \t2800 m \tH \t9 \tS. Provoost \tEcurie Danover \t244 470 € \t1'11\"7 \t11a 7a 9a 4a 8a\n2 \tFiesta du Belver \tFerré \tFerré \tP.-Y. Verva \tMi-bleu clair,mi-bleu foncé,m.bleu foncé,t.éc.bleu clair et bleu foncé \t9e \t25/1 \t2800 m \tF \t8 \tMlle S. Chauvin \tEcurie du Belver \t262 270 € \t1'11\"4 \t3a 0a 15a (22) 9a 2a\n3 \tGalba Ringeat \tDéferré \tDéferré \tR. Derieux \tBlanche, étoiles et t. bleues \t6e \t12/1 \t2800 m \tH \t7 \tR. Derieux \tEcurie Nixonn \t271 704 € \t1'11\"8 \t6a 4a 1a 1a (22) 8a\n4 \tFélix du Bourg \tDéferré \tDéferré \tB. Marie \tBleue, étoile jaune, m. rouges, t. jaune, cout. rouges \t12e \t86/1 \t2800 m \tM \t8 \tB. Marie \tEcurie DL \t273 180 € \t1'11\"5 \t11a 11a (22) 5a 8m Da\n5 \tGamin Jaba \tDéferré \tDéferré \tN. Bazire \tBleu foncé, éch. rouge, t. écart. bleu foncé et rouge \t7e \t12/1 \t2800 m \tH \t7 \tJ.-M. Bazire \tMme G. Bazire \t273 280 € \t1'12\"1 \t1a 4Da 5a Da 9a\n6 \tGaïa d'Occagnes \tDéferré \tDéferré \tG. Gelormini \tJaune, un losange noir, m. et t. jaunes \t10e \t19/1 \t2800 m \tF \t7 \tJ.-P. Raffegeau \tT. Massicot \t273 410 € \t1'11\" \tDm 5a 7a 2m 1a\n7 \tGamble River \tDéferré \tDéferré \tB. Rochard \tBleue, brass. et épaul. blancs, t. rayée blanc et bleu \t8e \t15/1 \t2800 m \tM \t7 \tP.-L. Desaunette \tG. Manzi \t274 180 € \t1'12\"4 \t5a 8a (22) Da 5a 9a\n8 \tHarlem de Bucy \tDéferré \tDéferré \tA. Abrivard \tJaune, cout. noires, m. jaunes, brass. et t. noirs \t3e \t39/10 \t2825 m \tM \t6 \tC. Ecalard \tEcurie Brindor \t334 470 € \t1'10\"9 \t1a 2a 2a 1a 1a\n9 \tGaspar d'Angis \tDéferré \tDéferré \tE. Raffin \tBleue, cout. et m. blanches, t. bleue \t4e \t58/10 \t2825 m \tH \t7 \tJ.-M. Baudouin \tEc.Jean-Michel Baudouin \t338 160 € \t1'12\" \t3a 1a 1a 1a 6a\n10 \tEpsom d'Herfraie \tNon partant\n11 \tHip Hop Haufor \tDéferré \tDéferré \tCh. Bigeon \tBlanche, brassards et épaul. bleu foncé, t. bleu-foncé \t2e \t46/10 \t2825 m \tM \t6 \tCh. Bigeon \tEcurie Christian Bigeon \t430 370 € \t1'10\"8 \t8a 8a 8a 4a 11a\n12 \tGoéland d'Haufor \tDéferré \tDéferré \tD. Bonne \tBlanche, brassards et épaul. bleu foncé, t. bleu-foncé \t5e \t13/1 \t2825 m \tH \t7 \tCh. Bigeon \tEcurie Christian Bigeon \t432 810 € \t1'10\"2 \t1a 3a Da 7a 2a\n13 \tInès des Rioults \tFerré \tFerré \tJ.-F. Senet \tViolette, épaul. et t. bleues \t14e \t75/1 \t2825 m \tF \t5 \tJ.-F. Senet \tEcurie Karibou \t434 790 € \t1'10\"9 \t4m 3m 11a (22) 3m 5m\n14 \tFarah des Caux \tFerré \tFerré \tA. Garandeau \tDamier blanc et noir, m. et t. blanches \t15e \t10"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "522ea1fba694439fa1410cfe299727e4", "conversation_index": 253518, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 928, "prompt": "Below I will provide you the data parsed from company website, alongside metadata. Please perform these tasks - summarize what company does, tell if company is B2B by saying `True` or `False`,  extract keywords best describing the company(limit up to 5),  assign the category/industry of the company. Wrap result in python's dict format, english language, containing keys - `summary`, `b2b`, `keywords`, `category`.\n {'text': 'Начало.За нас.Градински център.Услуги.Проекти.Статии.Контакти.Търсене.Начало.За нас.Градински център.Услуги.Проекти.Статии.Контакти.Your green partner.01..Озеленяване.Проектиране, изграждане, поддържане на зелени площи.02..Системи за зелени покриви.Фиора Дизайн е официален представител на ZinCo.03..Зелени стени.ЖИВИ И ВЕГЕТАТИВНИ ЗЕЛЕНИ СТЕНИ В ИНТЕРИОРА И ЗА ВЪНШНА СРЕДА.04..Поливни системи.ИЗГРАЖДАНЕ И ПОДДРЪЖКА С ВИСОКОЕФЕКТИВНИ МАТЕРИАЛИ.05..Скандинавски мъх.Система за зелени стени FioraMOSS : предлагани продукти и цветове.06..Стабилизирани растения.Оригинално и вечно : от рози и тревисти видове до бонсаи !.07..Аранжировки.Живи и стабилизирани растения в интериора.08..Пречистване и овлажняване на въздуха.Скандинавският мъх като индикатор за влажността на въздуха.Проекти.9 август 2022.Интериорно озеленяване и зелени стени за X-OFFICE - WORK BETTER.Виж повече.2 август 2022.Лого със скандинавски мъх за Sunny Home.Виж повече.28 юли 2022.Картини със скандинавски мъх, хотел Емар, Сапарева баня.Виж повече.Blog & Новини.Актуални новини.Градината през есента - грижи и подготовка.11 октомври 2022.През ранната есен градината все още прелива от цветове - мека и изящна. Радваме се на хризантеми, далии... Дърветата сменят цвета на листата. Тревата все още е свежа и доста влажна сутрин.\\xa0\\r\\nАериране, вертикулиране, луковици, лале, зюмбюл, нарцис, кокиче, минзухар, торене, натрий, фосфор, калий..Гинко билоба - \"Дървото на живота\".11 октомври 2022.Японската аукуба за пъстрота в сенчестата градина.11 октомври 2022.Нандина - \"Свещеният бамбук\".7 октомври 2022.Разгледай всички.Запишете се за нашия.Бюлетин.Запиши се.Всички снимки и статии в сайта са авторски..Бърза навигация.Начало.За нас.Градински център.Услуги.Проекти.Статии.Контакти.Контакти.ул. Голяма могила 115, София 1616, България (BG).+359 885 666 896.info@fiora.eu.Copyrights © 2019 Fiora.eu. All Rights Reserved.',\n 'metadata.title': 'Начало',\n 'metadata.description': 'Фиора Дизайн предлага следните услуги: ландшафтна архитектура (изготвяне на проект и 3D визуализации), озеленяване, поддръжка на дворове, градини, тераси, изграждане на поливни системи. "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "cbc3e20066b34e49815ada03a2373d86", "conversation_index": 538216, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1139, "prompt": "Summarise the below and find the name of the disease\n30049034 14.38 1.00 0.00 14.38 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 TROFENTYL (FENTANYL CITRATE 50MCG/ML)2ML 50.66 1.00 0.00 50.66 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 INJ PROPOFOL (FRESOFOL 1%MCT/LCT 20ML ((1X2) 30039034 89.80 2.00 0.00 179.60 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 INJ MEPHENTINE 10ML(1X10)(TERMIN) 3004 31.40 1.00 0.00 31.40 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 OMNIVAN SYRING 5ML DUO 24X1 16.50 2.00 0.00 33.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 OMNIVAN 10ML DUO 21G 1.5 26.00 3.00 0.00 78.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 SURGICAL BLADE NO15 9018 6.50 1.00 0.00 6.50 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 TROLLY SHEET (60CMX120XM) 39201012 65.00 2.00 0.00 130.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 ETHICON 3.0-NW 3328-70CM (R/CUTTING 90189011 238.00 1.00 0.00 238.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 CRAPE BANDAGE 4\" ( 10CMX4MTRS) 9027 231.00 1.00 0.00 231.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 BANDAGE 4\" (9CMX4MTRS) 3005 25.50 1.00 0.00 25.50 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 LAPAROTOMY SPONGE 30CMX30CM WITH X-RAYS LAYERS-8PLY 3005 33.00 5.00 0.00 165.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 DISPO GLOVES 7.5 SURGICARE 40151100 80.00 2.00 0.00 160.00 08/07/2023 17:27:00 - 23-24/1842 DISPO GLOVES 7.0 SURGICARE 90189011 80.00 2.00 0.00 160.00 Total for MULTI OT 1725.64 NIGHT PHARMACY 10/07/2023 06:58:00 - 23-24/8408 PANTOCID TAB 15\" 30049011 11.47 3.00 0.00 34.41 Total for NIGHT PHARMACY 34.41 ADMISSION CHARGES 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126403 ADMISSION CHARGES 999311 200.00 1.00 0.00 200.00 Total for ADMISSION CHARGES 200.00 ORTHO 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/127270 CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME 999311 15600.00 1.00 0.00 15600.00 Total for ORTHO 15600.00 DIETARY 09/07/2023 09:18 - IP24/127710 DIET CHARGES 999311 350.00 1.00 0.00 350.00 10/07/2023 10:20 - IP24/128358 DIET CHARGES (NAME_1 DIETICIAN) 999311 200.00 1.00 0.00 200.00 Total for DIETARY 550.00 BLOOD BANK 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 BLOOD GROUPING AND RH TYPING 999317 200.00 1.00 0.00 200.00 Total for BLOOD BANK 200.00 Total Amount 29586.47 Net Amount 29586.47 Net Amount (Incl. Tax) 29586.00"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "e235295c4c6e43ae8dddaab48bfcb56b", "conversation_index": 198192, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1033, "prompt": "Add []to each of these lines. The ] should go before the last comma: \n2,6,16,17,29,32,\n6,8,19,25,28,32,\n3,5,14,16,20,25,\n2,21,24,27,31,32,\n4,14,19,26,27,28,\n2,3,11,12,14,22,\n3,4,16,19,32,33,\n2,9,16,18,25,33,\n6,7,12,13,22,33,\n1,15,23,26,30,32,\n2,6,16,17,29,32,\n6,8,19,25,28,32,\n3,5,14,16,20,25,\n2,21,24,27,31,32,\n4,14,19,26,27,28,\n2,3,11,12,14,22,\n3,4,16,19,32,33,\n2,9,16,18,25,33,\n6,7,12,13,22,33,\n1,15,23,26,30,32,\n5,6,10,12,14,18,\n12,18,24,27,29,31,\n7,17,21,25,26,28,\n1,3,12,18,31,32,\n9,16,17,20,21,31,\n17,18,21,23,26,27,\n1,3,5,17,25,32,\n9,15,17,25,28,30,\n11,13,18,21,22,26,\n12,14,20,23,29,31,\n2,5,9,14,15,26,\n10,11,12,16,32,33,\n8,15,19,21,23,29,\n6,9,12,13,14,32,\n9,11,19,23,26,27,\n2,5,15,19,28,30,\n2,22,23,27,28,30,\n6,8,15,19,20,31,\n2,14,18,23,24,32,\n5,6,10,16,20,29,\n1,9,12,19,27,31,\n3,6,12,20,21,25,\n6,15,18,19,24,30,\n1,6,7,25,26,28,\n2,12,15,22,28,31,\n4,5,6,8,10,13,\n2,18,25,26,29,30,\n2,10,22,23,26,30,\n1,3,7,9,12,24,\n3,5,6,14,26,30,\n3,9,13,16,24,26,\n2,3,12,21,31,33,\n2,11,15,18,21,26,\n2,3,10,11,16,30,\n1,5,7,12,16,29,\n3,6,9,13,21,22,\n1,14,16,21,24,29,\n1,2,22,23,31,32,\n7,8,13,24,25,30,\n7,10,17,21,24,25,\n4,5,7,10,17,19,\n2,9,13,22,30,31,\n7,10,21,24,31,33,\n6,10,14,16,18,27,\n2,4,8,10,15,21,\n4,19,24,25,28,29,\n14,16,20,29,30,31,\n1,4,5,7,9,26,\n26,27,28,29,30,32,\n3,7,15,16,26,32,\n3,4,16,17,21,25,\n1,6,13,15,18,33,\n2,3,10,13,20,24,\n8,11,12,13,21,27,\n8,14,21,26,27,30,\n3,10,13,22,25,28,\n10,15,24,26,31,32,\n3,18,19,26,29,32,\n5,6,8,20,26,31,\n2,7,11,14,30,33,\n1,11,13,24,25,30,\n1,3,19,28,29,33,\n1,3,4,18,28,32,\n7,12,13,22,28,32,\n9,16,18,23"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a0d362a949654adeb25e028317c2219b", "conversation_index": 690948, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1022, "prompt": "You will act as a malware detector, by answering whether the attributes I send you most likely belongs to a legitimate file or malware. The attributes are SizeOfOptionalHeader,Characteristics,MajorLinkerVersion,MinorLinkerVersion,SizeOfCode,SizeOfInitializedData,SizeOfUninitializedData,AddressOfEntryPoint,BaseOfCode,BaseOfData,ImageBase,SectionAlignment,FileAlignment,MajorOperatingSystemVersion,MinorOperatingSystemVersion,MajorImageVersion,MinorImageVersion,MajorSubsystemVersion,MinorSubsystemVersion,SizeOfImage,SizeOfHeaders,CheckSum,Subsystem,DllCharacteristics,SizeOfStackReserve,SizeOfStackCommit,SizeOfHeapReserve,SizeOfHeapCommit,LoaderFlags,NumberOfRvaAndSizes,SectionsNb,SectionsMeanEntropy,SectionsMinEntropy,SectionsMaxEntropy,SectionsMeanRawsize,SectionsMinRawsize,SectionMaxRawsize,SectionsMeanVirtualsize,SectionsMinVirtualsize,SectionMaxVirtualsize,ImportsNbDLL,ImportsNb,ImportsNbOrdinal,ExportNb,ResourcesNb,ResourcesMeanEntropy,ResourcesMinEntropy,ResourcesMaxEntropy,ResourcesMeanSize,ResourcesMinSize,ResourcesMaxSize,LoadConfigurationSize,VersionInformationSize. The answers should be 1 for legitimate files, and 0 for malware. Here are some examples:\n\n-------------------------------------\nHuman: 224,8450,8,0,16896,8192,0,16947,4096,24576,4194304,4096,512,6,0,6,0,5,1,40960,1024,84427,2,320,262144,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,4,3.76159848648,2.44653287599,6.45071969299,6016,1024,16896,6096.25,960,16731,3,44,0,31,1,3.49212638476,3.49212638476,3.49212638476,864,864,864,72,0\nBot: 1\nHuman: 224,258,9,0,14848,10752,0,15769,4096,20480,16777216,4096,512,6,1,6,1,6,1,36864,1024,76316,3,33088,262144,8192,1048576,4096,0,16,4,4.73628107643,3.46038990337,6.30893523959,4992,1024,14848,6062.5,1082,14772,5,78,0,0,3,3.7272379312,2.72323122425,4.92391735799,608.333333333,200,932,72,0\nBot: 1\nHuman: 224,258,11,0,113664,682496,0,24735,4096,118784,4194304,4096,512,5,1,0,0,5,1,851968,1024,2018161488,2,33088,1048576,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,3,4.26337706158,0.206920017787,7.99894163996,94549.3333333,512,246272,281429.333333,512,806912,4,7,1,0,7,4.45336795506,2.62307816502,7.96700202426,80992.8571429,62,534528,0,0\nBot: 0\nHuman: 224,271,6,0,24064,164864,1024,12538,4096,28672,4194304,4096,512,4,0,6,0,4,0,241664,1024,1064467,2,32768,1048576,4096,1048576,4096,0,16,5,4.05208398771,0,6.4401055495,6758.4,0,24064,46264,3160,154712,8,155,1,0,7,3.14307649386,2.16096404744,5.19512041608,382.714285714,20,744,0,15\nBot: 0\n-------------------------------------\n\nHuman: 224,258,10,0,120320,385024,0,61578,4096,126976,4194304,4096,512,5,1,0,0,5,1,528384,1024,53"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "7e807161f5f145e9b36333859805428c", "conversation_index": 368602, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1092, "prompt": "I will provide multiple time-series datasets of April 29 and April 30 of same store. Each dataset has an Id and a datasets array which contain data of different time buckets, generally hourly. Comparing data of April 29 and April 30, do you see any anomalies in the data? if yes which dataset?\n\nData of April 30:\n```\n[{\"id\":\"all-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[4,13,13,31,187,204,265,216,279,421,409,487,520,420,25,12,11]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"passthrough-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[43,74,101,262,1112,1320,1352,1321,1484,1613,1643,1787,1865,1662,401,800,702]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"conversion-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[0,0,0,3,7,5,7,5,5,9,11,10,12,9,0,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"total-conversion\",\"labels\":[\"\"],\"datasets\":[[7]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"esquina-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[4,4,0,4,105,129,159,128,193,267,211,282,278,224,13,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"clavel-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[0,9,13,18,3,8,8,19,12,11,11,24,15,49,12,12,11]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"granvia-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[0,0,0,9,79,67,98,69,74,143,187,181,227,147,0,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"store-age-bar\",\"labels\":[\"18-24\",\"25-29\",\"30-34\",\"35-39\",\"40-44\",\"45-49\",\"50-54\",\"55-59\",\"60-64\",\"65+\"],\"datasets\":[[176,200,365,279,136,43,3,0,7,32],[117,181,806,471,88,36,5,1,14,18]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"store-gender-pie\",\"labels\":[\"Hombre\",\"Mujer\"],\"datasets\":[[1517,1838]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"sotano-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[9,4,10,18,30,18,37,41,36,58,78,101,80,57,7,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"baja-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[4,4,0,13,184,196,257,197,267,410,398,463,505,371,13,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"primera-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[1,0,6,2,122,100,150,92,114,267,242,291,288,214,2,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"segunda-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[3,2,0,3,130,94,130,78,90,230,231,226,228,184,2,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"tercera-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[5,6,3,4,107,86,101,60,70,224,207,195,266,214,8,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"cuarta-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[4,1,2,4,67,68,114,51,81,177,221,240,248,173,3,0,0]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"quinta_y_sexto-count\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[0,0,4,7,26,56,38,62,55,97,154,114,147,193,60,37,41],[4,8,2,5,15,48,30,26,48,68,88,62,57,80,34,35,21]],\"results\":[]},{\"id\":\"all_floors-occupancy\",\"labels\":[],\"datasets\":[[0,7,16,21,23,24,22,26,22,21,24,25,24,24,25,24,23,22,20,19,18,18,17,18,18,18,17,16,17,18,20,22,19,20,18,19,23,25,27,28,29,27,23,27,28,32,38,41,38,53,71,84,91,85,100,116,126,126,128,129,122,105,89,93,105,102,109,122,132,120,134,120,104,114,119,140,158,144,154,141,138,"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "113423569023ffd13b2a99b10c23628c14da4a8f53ffe047", "conversation_index": 100, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5862, "prompt": "// language: C\n#include \"config.h\"\n#include \"system.h\"\n#include \"coretypes.h\"\n#include \"tm.h\"\n#include \"line-map.h\"\n#include \"params.h\"\n#include \"flags.h\"\n#include \"tree.h\"\n#include \"basic-block.h\"\n#include \"tree-flow.h\"\n#include \"tree-flow-inline.h\"\n#include \"tree-ssa-operands.h\"\n#include \"output.h\"\n#include \"input.h\"\n#include \"tree-pass.h\"\n#include \"gimple-pretty-print.h\"\n#include \"tree-dump.h\"\n#include \"timevar.h\"\n#include \"langhooks.h\"\nstruct switch_conv_info\n{\ntree index_expr;\ntree range_min;\ntree range_size;\nbasic_block switch_bb;\nbasic_block final_bb;\nint phi_count;\n\n  /* Array of default values, in the same order as phi nodes.  */\n  tree *default_values;\nVEC (constructor_elt, gc) **constructors;\ntree *target_inbound_names;\ntree *target_outbound_names;\nint default_prob;\ngcov_type default_count;\ngcov_type other_count;\ngimple arr_ref_first;\ngimple arr_ref_last;\nconst char *reason;\nunsigned int bit_test_uniq;\n  unsigned int bit_test_count;\n  basic_block bit_test_bb[2];\n};\n\n/* Global pass info.  */\nstatic struct switch_conv_info info;\nstatic bool\ncheck_range (gimple swtch)\n{\n  tree min_case, max_case;\n  unsigned int branch_num = gimple_switch_num_labels (swtch);\n  tree range_max;\nmin_case = gimple_switch_label (swtch, 1);\n  info.range_min = CASE_LOW (min_case);\n\n  gcc_assert (branch_num > 1);\n  gcc_assert (CASE_LOW (gimple_switch_label (swtch, 0)) == NULL_TREE);\n  max_case = gimple_switch_label (swtch, branch_num - 1);\n  if (CASE_HIGH (max_case)!= NULL_TREE)\n    range_max = CASE_HIGH (max_case);\n  else\n    range_max = CASE_LOW (max_case);\n\n  gcc_assert (info.range_min);\n  gcc_assert (range_max);\n\n  info.range_size = int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, range_max, info.range_min);\n\n  gcc_assert (info.range_size);\n  if (!host_integerp (info.range_size, 1))\n    {\n      info.reason = \"index range way too large or otherwise unusable.\\n\";\n      return false;\n    }\n\n  if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) tree_low_cst (info.range_size, 1)\n      > ((unsigned) branch_num * SWITCH_CONVERSION_BRANCH_RATIO))\n    {\n      info.reason = \"the maximum range-branch ratio exceeded.\\n\";\n      return false;\n    }\n\n  return true;\n}\nstatic bool\ncheck_process_case (tree cs)\n{\n  tree ldecl;\n  basic_block label_bb, following_bb;\n  edge e;\n\n  ldecl = CASE_LABEL (cs);\n  label_bb = label_to_block (ldecl);\n\n  e = find_edge (info.switch_bb, label_bb);\n  gcc_assert (e);\n\n  if (CASE_LOW (cs) == NULL_TREE)\n    {\ninfo.default_prob = e->probability;\n      info.default_count = e->count;\n    }\n  else\n    {\n      int i;\n      info.other_count += e->count;\n      for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)\n\tif (info.bit_test_bb[i] == label_bb)\n\t  break;\n\telse if (info.bit_test_bb[i] == NULL)\n\t  {\n\t    info.bit_test_bb[i] = label_bb;\n\t    info.bit_test_uniq++;\n\t    break;\n\t  }\n      if (i == 2)\n\tinfo.bit_test_uniq = 3;\n      if (CASE_HIGH (cs)!= NULL_TREE\n\t  &&! tree_int_cst_equal (CASE_LOW (cs), CASE_HIGH (cs)))\n\tinfo.bit_test_count += 2;\n      else\n\tinfo.bit_test_count++;\n    }\n\n  if (!label_bb)\n    {\n      info.reason = \"  Bad case - cs BB  label is NULL\\n\";\n      return false;\n    }\n\n  if (!single_pred_p (label_bb))\n    {\n      if (info.final_bb && info.final_bb!= label_bb)\n\t{\n\t  info.reason = \"  Bad case - a non-final BB has two predecessors\\n\";\n\t  return false;\n}\n\n      following_bb = label_bb;\n    }\n  else\n    {\n      if (!empty_block_p (label_bb))\n\t{\n\t  info.reason = \"  Bad case - a non-final BB not empty\\n\";\n\t  return false;\n\t}\n\n      if (!single_succ_p (label_bb))\n\t{\n\t  info.reason\n\t    = \"  Bad case - a non-final BB without a single successor\\n\";\n\t  return false;\n\t}\n      following_bb = single_succ (label_bb);\n    }\n\n  if (!info.final_bb)\n    info.final_bb = following_bb;\n  else if (info.final_bb!= following_bb)\n    {\n      info.reason = \"  Bad case - different final BB\\n\";\n      return false;\n}\n\n  return true;\n}\nstatic bool\ncheck_final_bb (void)\n{\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n\n  info.phi_count = 0;\n  for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (info.final_bb);!gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))\n    {\n      gimple phi = gsi_stmt (gsi);\n      unsigned int i;\n\n      info.phi_count++;\n\n      for (i = 0; i < gimple_phi_num_args (phi); i++)\n\t{\n\t  basic_block bb = gimple_phi_arg_edge (phi, i)->src;\n\n\t  if (bb == info.switch_bb\n\t      || (single_pred_p (bb) && single_pred (bb) == info.switch_bb))\n\t    {\n\t      tree reloc, val;\n\n\t      val = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);\n\t      if (!is_gimple_ip_invariant (val))\n\t\t{\n\t\t  info.reason = \"   Non-invariant value from a case\\n\";\n\t\t  return false; /* Non-invariant argument.  */\n\t\t}\n\t      reloc = initializer_constant_valid_p (val, TREE_TYPE (val));\n\t      if ((flag_pic && reloc!= null_pointer_node)\n\t\t  || (!flag_pic && reloc == NULL_TREE))\n\t\t{\n\t\t  if (reloc)\n\t\t    info.reason\n\t\t      = \"   Value from a case would need runtime relocations\\n\";\n\t\t  else\n\t\t    info.reason\n\t\t      = \"   Value from a case is not a valid initializer\\n\";\n\t\t  return false;\n\t\t}\n\t    }\n\t}\n    }\n\n  return true;\n}\nstatic void\ncreate_temp_arrays (void)\n{\n  int i;\n\n  info.default_values = XCNEWVEC (tree, info.phi_count * 3);\n  info.constructors = XCNEWVEC (VEC (constructor_elt, gc) *, info.phi_count);\n  info.target_inbound_names = info.default_values + info.phi_count;\n  info.target_outbound_names = info.target_inbound_names + info.phi_count;\n  for (i = 0; i < info.phi_count; i++)\n    info.constructors[i]\n      = VEC_alloc (constructor_elt, gc, tree_low_cst (info.range_size, 1) + 1);\n}\nstatic void\nfree_temp_arrays (void)\n{\n  XDELETEVEC (info.constructors);\n  XDELETEVEC (info.default_values);\n}\nstatic void\ngather_default_values (tree default_case)\n{\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n  basic_block bb = label_to_block (CASE_LABEL (default_case));\n  edge e;\n  int i = 0;\n\n  gcc_assert (CASE_LOW (default_case) == NULL_TREE);\n\n  if (bb == info.final_bb)\n    e = find_edge (info.switch_bb, bb);\n  else\n    e = single_succ_edge (bb);\n\n  for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (info.final_bb);!gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))\n    {\n      gimple phi = gsi_stmt (gsi);\n      tree val = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, e);\n      gcc_assert (val);\n      info.default_values[i++] = val;\n    }\n}\nstatic void\nbuild_constructors (gimple swtch)\n{\n  unsigned i, branch_num = gimple_switch_num_labels (swtch);\n  tree pos = info.range_min;\n\n  for (i = 1; i < branch_num; i++)\n    {\n      tree cs = gimple_switch_label (swtch, i);\n      basic_block bb = label_to_block (CASE_LABEL (cs));\n      edge e;\n      tree high;\n      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n      int j;\n\n      if (bb == info.final_bb)\n\te = find_edge (info.switch_bb, bb);\n      else\n\te = single_succ_edge (bb);\n      gcc_assert (e);\n\n      while (tree_int_cst_lt (pos, CASE_LOW (cs)))\n\t{\n\t  int k;\n\t  for (k = 0; k < info.phi_count; k++)\n\t    {\n\t      constructor_elt *elt;\n\n\t      elt = VEC_quick_push (constructor_elt,\n\t\t\t\t    info.constructors[k], NULL);\n\t      elt->index = int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, pos,\n\t\t\t\t\t    info.range_min);\n\t      elt->value = info.default_values[k];\n\t    }\n\n\t  pos = int_const_binop (PLUS_EXPR, pos, integer_one_node);\n\t}\n      gcc_assert (tree_int_cst_equal (pos, CASE_LOW (cs)));\n\n      j = 0;\n      if (CASE_HIGH (cs))\n\thigh = CASE_HIGH (cs);\n      else\n\thigh = CASE_LOW (cs);\n      for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (info.final_bb);\n\t  !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))\n\t{\n\t  gimple phi = gsi_stmt (gsi);\n\t  tree val = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, e);\n\t  tree low = CASE_LOW (cs);\n\t  pos = CASE_LOW (cs);\n\n\t  do\n\t    {\n\t      constructor_elt *elt;\n\n\t      elt = VEC_quick_push (constructor_elt,\n\t\t\t\t    info.constructors[j], NULL);\n\t      elt->index = int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, pos, info.range_min);\n\t      elt->value = val;\n\n\t      pos = int_const_binop (PLUS_EXPR, pos, integer_one_node);\n\t    } while (!tree_int_cst_lt (high, pos)\n\t\t     && tree_int_cst_lt (low, pos));\n\t  j++;\n\t}\n    }\n}\nstatic tree\nconstructor_contains_same_values_p (VEC (constructor_elt, gc) *vec)\n{\n  unsigned int i;\n  tree prev = NULL_TREE;\n  constructor_elt *elt;\n\n  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (constructor_elt, vec, i, elt)\n    {\n      if (!prev)\n\tprev = elt->value;\n      else if (!operand_equal_p (elt->value, prev, OEP_ONLY_CONST))\n\treturn NULL_TREE;\n    }\n  return prev;\n}\nstatic tree\narray_value_type (gimple swtch, tree type, int num)\n{\n  unsigned int i, len = VEC_length (constructor_elt, info.constructors[num]);\n  constructor_elt *elt;\n  enum machine_mode mode;\n  int sign = 0;\n  tree smaller_type;\n\n  if (!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type))\n    return type;\n\n  mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (GET_MODE_CLASS (TYPE_MODE (type)));\n  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)) <= GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))\n    return type;\n\n  if (len < (optimize_bb_for_size_p (gimple_bb (swtch))? 2 : 32))\n    return type;\n\n  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (constructor_elt, info.constructors[num], i, elt)\n    {\n      double_int cst;\n\n      if (TREE_CODE (elt->value)!= INTEGER_CST)\n\treturn type;\n\n      cst = TREE_INT_CST (elt->value);\n      while (1)\n\t{\n\t  unsigned int prec = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);\n\t  if (prec > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)\n\t    return type;\n\n\t  if (sign >= 0\n\t      && double_int_equal_p (cst, double_int_zext (cst, prec)))\n\t    {\n\t      if (sign == 0\n\t\t  && double_int_equal_p (cst, double_int_sext (cst, prec)))\n\t\tbreak;\n\t      sign = 1;\n\t      break;\n\t    }\n\t  if (sign <= 0\n\t      && double_int_equal_p (cst, double_int_sext (cst, prec)))\n\t    {\n\t      sign = -1;\n\t      break;\n\t    }\n\n\t  if (sign == 1)\n\t    sign = 0;\n\n\t  mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode);\n\t  if (mode == VOIDmode\n\t      || GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) >= GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)))\n\t    return type;\n\t}\n    }\n\n  if (sign == 0)\n    sign = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type)? 1 : -1;\n  smaller_type = lang_hooks.types.type_for_mode (mode, sign >= 0);\n  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (type))\n      <= GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (smaller_type)))\n    return type;\n\n  return smaller_type;\n}\nstatic void\nbuild_one_array (gimple swtch, int num, tree arr_index_type, gimple phi,\n\t\t tree tidx)\n{\n  tree name, cst;\n  gimple load;\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi = gsi_for_stmt (swtch);\n  location_t loc = gimple_location (swtch);\n\n  gcc_assert (info.default_values[num]);\n\n  name = make_ssa_name (SSA_NAME_VAR (PHI_RESULT (phi)), NULL);\n  info.target_inbound_names[num] = name;\n\n  cst = constructor_contains_same_values_p (info.constructors[num]);\n  if (cst)\n    load = gimple_build_assign (name, cst);\n  else\n    {\n      tree array_type, ctor, decl, value_type, fetch, default_type;\n\n      default_type = TREE_TYPE (info.default_values[num]);\n      value_type = array_value_type (swtch, default_type, num);\n      array_type = build_array_type (value_type, arr_index_type);\n      if (default_type!= value_type)\n\t{\n\t  unsigned int i;\n\t  constructor_elt *elt;\n\n\t  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (constructor_elt, info.constructors[num], i, elt)\n\t    elt->value = fold_convert (value_type, elt->value);\n\t}\n      ctor = build_constructor (array_type, info.constructors[num]);\n      TREE_CONSTANT (ctor) = true;\n      TREE_STATIC (ctor) = true;\n\n      decl = build_decl (loc, VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, array_type);\n      TREE_STATIC (decl) = 1;\n      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = ctor;\n\n      DECL_NAME (decl) = create_tmp_var_name (\"CSWTCH\");\n      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;\n      TREE_CONSTANT (decl) = 1;\n      TREE_READONLY (decl) = 1;\n      add_referenced_var (decl);\n      varpool_mark_needed_node (varpool_node (decl));\n      varpool_finalize_decl (decl);\n\n      fetch = build4 (ARRAY_REF, value_type, decl, tidx, NULL_TREE,\n\t\t      NULL_TREE);\n      if (default_type!= value_type)\n\t{\n\t  fetch = fold_convert (default_type, fetch);\n\t  fetch = force_gimple_operand_gsi (&gsi, fetch, true, NULL_TREE,\n\t\t\t\t\t    true, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n\t}\n      load = gimple_build_assign (name, fetch);\n    }\n\n  SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (name) = load;\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, load, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n  update_stmt (load);\n  info.arr_ref_last = load;\n}\nstatic void\nbuild_arrays (gimple swtch)\n{\n  tree arr_index_type;\n  tree tidx, sub, tmp, utype;\n  gimple stmt;\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n  int i;\n  location_t loc = gimple_location (swtch);\n\n  gsi = gsi_for_stmt (swtch);\nutype = TREE_TYPE (info.index_expr);\n  if (TREE_TYPE (utype))\n    utype = lang_hooks.types.type_for_mode (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (utype)), 1);\n  else\n    utype = lang_hooks.types.type_for_mode (TYPE_MODE (utype), 1);\n\n  arr_index_type = build_index_type (info.range_size);\n  tmp = create_tmp_var (utype, \"csui\");\n  add_referenced_var (tmp);\n  tidx = make_ssa_name (tmp, NULL);\n  sub = fold_build2_loc (loc, MINUS_EXPR, utype,\n\t\t\t fold_convert_loc (loc, utype, info.index_expr),\n\t\t\t fold_convert_loc (loc, utype, info.range_min));\n  sub = force_gimple_operand_gsi (&gsi, sub,\n\t\t\t\t  false, NULL, true, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n  stmt = gimple_build_assign (tidx, sub);\n  SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (tidx) = stmt;\n\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, stmt, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n  update_stmt (stmt);\n  info.arr_ref_first = stmt;\n\n  for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (info.final_bb), i = 0;\n      !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi), i++)\n    build_one_array (swtch, i, arr_index_type, gsi_stmt (gsi), tidx);\n}\n\n/* Generates and appropriately inserts loads of default values at the position\n   given by BSI.  Returns the last inserted statement.  */\n\nstatic gimple\ngen_def_assigns (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi)\n{\n  int i;\n  gimple assign = NULL;\n\n  for (i = 0; i < info.phi_count; i++)\n    {\n      tree name\n\t= make_ssa_name (SSA_NAME_VAR (info.target_inbound_names[i]), NULL);\n\n      info.target_outbound_names[i] = name;\n      assign = gimple_build_assign (name, info.default_values[i]);\n      SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (name) = assign;\n      gsi_insert_before (gsi, assign, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n      update_stmt (assign);\n    }\n  return assign;\n}\nstatic void\nprune_bbs (basic_block bbd, basic_block final)\n{\n  edge_iterator ei;\n  edge e;\n\n  for (ei = ei_start (bbd->succs); (e = ei_safe_edge (ei)); )\n    {\n      basic_block bb;\n      bb = e->dest;\n      remove_edge (e);\n      if (bb!= final)\n\tdelete_basic_block (bb);\n    }\n  delete_basic_block (bbd);\n}\nstatic void\nfix_phi_nodes (edge e1f, edge e2f, basic_block bbf)\n{\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n  int i;\n\n  for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (bbf), i = 0;\n      !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi), i++)\n    {\n      gimple phi = gsi_stmt (gsi);\n      add_phi_arg (phi, info.target_inbound_names[i], e1f, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);\n      add_phi_arg (phi, info.target_outbound_names[i], e2f, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);\n    }\n\n}\nstatic void\ngen_inbound_check (gimple swtch)\n{\n  tree label_decl1 = create_artificial_label (UNKNOWN_LOCATION);\n  tree label_decl2 = create_artificial_label (UNKNOWN_LOCATION);\n  tree label_decl3 = create_artificial_label (UNKNOWN_LOCATION);\n  gimple label1, label2, label3;\n  tree utype, tidx;\n  tree bound;\n\n  gimple cond_stmt;\n\n  gimple last_assign;\n  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;\n  basic_block bb0, bb1, bb2, bbf, bbd;\n  edge e01, e02, e21, e1d, e1f, e2f;\n  location_t loc = gimple_location (swtch);\n\n  gcc_assert (info.default_values);\n  bb0 = gimple_bb (swtch);\n\n  tidx = gimple_assign_lhs (info.arr_ref_first);\n  utype = TREE_TYPE (tidx);\ngsi = gsi_for_stmt (info.arr_ref_first);\n  gsi_next (&gsi);\n\n  bound = fold_convert_loc (loc, utype, info.range_size);\n  cond_stmt = gimple_build_cond (LE_EXPR, tidx, bound, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, cond_stmt, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n  update_stmt (cond_stmt);\nlabel2 = gimple_build_label (label_decl2);\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, label2, GSI_SAME_STMT);\n  last_assign = gen_def_assigns (&gsi);\nlabel1 = gimple_build_label (label_decl1);\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, label1, GSI_SAME_STMT);\ngsi = gsi_start_bb (info.final_bb);\n  label3 = gimple_build_label (label_decl3);\n  gsi_insert_before (&gsi, label3, GSI_SAME_STMT);\ne02 = split_block (bb0, cond_stmt);\n  bb2 = e02->dest;\n\n  e21 = split_block (bb2, last_assign);\n  bb1 = e21->dest;\n  remove_edge (e21);\n\n  e1d = split_block (bb1, info.arr_ref_last);\n  bbd = e1d->dest;\n  remove_edge (e1d);\n\n  /* flags and profiles of the edge for in-range values */\n  e01 = make_edge (bb0, bb1, EDGE_TRUE_VALUE);\n  e01->probability = REG_BR_PROB_BASE - info.default_prob;\n  e01->count = info.other_count;\ne02->flags &= ~EDGE_FALLTHRU;\n  e02->flags |= EDGE_FALSE_VALUE;\n  e02->probability = info.default_prob;\n  e02->count = info.default_count;\n\n  bbf = info.final_bb;\n\n  e1f = make_edge (bb1, bbf, EDGE_FALLTHRU);\n  e1f->probability = REG_BR_PROB_BASE;\n  e1f->count = info.other_count;\n\n  e2f = make_edge (bb2, bbf, EDGE_FALLTHRU);\n  e2f->probability = REG_BR_PROB_BASE;\n  e2f->count = info.default_count;\nbb1->frequency = EDGE_FREQUENCY (e01);\n  bb2->frequency = EDGE_FREQUENCY (e02);\n  bbf->frequency = EDGE_FREQUENCY (e1f) + EDGE_FREQUENCY (e2f);\n\n  prune_bbs (bbd, info.final_bb);\nfix_phi_nodes (e1f, e2f, bbf);\n\n  free_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);\n  free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);\n}\nstatic bool\nprocess_switch (gimple swtch)\n{\n  unsigned int i, branch_num = gimple_switch_num_labels (swtch);\n  tree index_type;\nif (branch_num < 2)\n    {\n      info.reason = \"switch has no labels\\n\";\n      return false;\n    }\n\n  info.final_bb = NULL;\n  info.switch_bb = gimple_bb (swtch);\n  info.index_expr = gimple_switch_index (swtch);\n  index_type = TREE_TYPE (info.index_expr);\n  info.arr_ref_first = NULL;\n  info.arr_ref_last = NULL;\n  info.default_prob = 0;\n  info.default_count = 0;\n  info.other_count = 0;\n  info.bit_test_uniq = 0;\n  info.bit_test_count = 0;\n  info.bit_test_bb[0] = NULL;\n  info.bit_test_bb[1] = NULL;\nif (index_type == error_mark_node)\n    {\n      info.reason = \"index error.\\n\";\n      return false;\n    }\nif (!check_range (swtch))\n    return false;\nfor (i = 0; i < branch_num; i++)\n    if (!check_process_case (gimple_switch_label (swtch, i)))\n      {\n\tif (dump_file)\n\t  fprintf (dump_file, \"Processing of case %i failed\\n\", i);\n\treturn false;\n      }\n\n  if (info.bit_test_uniq <= 2)\n    {\n      rtl_profile_for_bb (gimple_bb (swtch));\n      if (expand_switch_using_bit_tests_p (gimple_switch_index (swtch),\n\t\t\t\t\t   info.range_size, info.bit_test_uniq,\n\t\t\t\t\t   info.bit_test_count))\n\t{\n\t  info.reason = \"  Expanding as bit test is preferable\\n\";\n\t  return false;\n\t}\n    }\n\n  if (!check_final_bb ())\n    return false;\ncreate_temp_arrays ();\n  gather_default_values (gimple_switch_label (swtch, 0));\n  build_constructors (swtch);\n\n  build_arrays (swtch);\ngen_inbound_check (swtch);\nfree_temp_arrays ();\n  return true;\n}\nstatic unsigned int\ndo_switchconv (void)\n{\n  basic_block bb;\n\n  FOR_EACH_BB (bb)\n  {\n    gimple stmt = last_stmt (bb);\n    if (stmt && gimple_code (stmt) == GIMPLE_SWITCH)\n      {\n\tif (dump_file)\n\t  {\n\t    expanded_location loc = expand_location (gimple_location (stmt));\n\n\t    fprintf (dump_file, \"beginning to process the following \"\n\t\t     \"SWITCH statement (%s:%d) : ------- \\n\",\n\t\t     loc.file, loc.line);\n\t    print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, stmt, 0, TDF_SLIM);\n\t    putc ('\\n', dump_file);\n\t  }\n\n\tinfo.reason = NULL;\n\tif (process_switch (stmt))\n\t  {\n\t    if (dump_file)\n\t      {\n\t\tfputs (\"Switch converted\\n\", dump_file);\n\t\tfputs (\"--------------------------------\\n\", dump_file);\n\t      }\n\t  }\n\telse\n\t  {\n\t    if (dump_file)\n\t      {\n\t\tgcc_assert (info.reason);\n\t\tfputs (\"Bailing out - \", dump_file);\n\t\tfputs (info.reason, dump_file);\n\t\tfputs (\"--------------------------------\\n\", dump_file);\n\t      }\n\t  }\n      }\n  }\n\n  return 0;\n}\n\n/* The pass gate. */\n\nstatic bool\nswitchconv_gate (void)\n{\n  return flag_tree_switch_conversion!= 0;\n}\n\nstruct gimple_opt_pass pass_convert_switch =\n{\n {\n  GIMPLE_PASS,\n  \"switchconv\",\t\t\t\t/* name */\n  switchconv_gate,\t\t\t/* gate */\n  do_switchconv,\nNULL,\t\t\t\t\t/* sub */\n  NULL,\t\t\t\t\t/* next */\n  0,\nTV_TREE_SWITCH_CONVERSION,\t\t/* tv_id */\n  PROP_cfg | PROP_ssa,\t                /* properties_required */\n  0,\t\t\t\t\t/* properties_provided */\n  0,\t\t\t\t\t/* properties_destroyed */\n  0,\t\t\t\t\t/* todo_flags_start */\n  TODO_update_ssa \n  | TODO_ggc_collect | TODO_verify_ssa  /* todo_flags_finish */\n }\n};\n\nWhat conditions cause the process_switch() function to bail out and not convert the switch statement?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "33a96257fcfd4e7089d9ec04f3813f1d", "conversation_index": 998134, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1098, "prompt": "Here is OC reconstruction of Czech invoice, ayout is partially reconstructed using html table, yout task is to try to extract kay information like customer company name, supplier company name Datum Uskutecniteln0ho Zdanitelneho Plneni, and total price of invoice. Data:  <html><body><table><thead><tr><td></td><td></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>IMPULS LeasingAUstria Roifejsenlandesbanko FAKTURA- daňový dokladč.</td><td>270 121</td></tr><tr><td>Příjemce - korespondenční adresa:</td><td>NFVEURLeas2102431 Odesílatel: IMPULS-LasSing-AUSTRIA s.o.</td></tr><tr><td>Caravan Express s.r.o. DoČertous 2659/12 19300Praha 9</td><td>Dlouhá 73/29. Cz- 110 0Praha 1 Tel./fax:224 81 90 81/224 81 90 8</td></tr><tr><td>cz</td><td>zapsaná v OR MS Praha od. C vložka 82256</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>o-mail:1Laustria@lLaustria.cz</td></tr><tr><td>Příjemce - sídlo:</td><td>1Č6s00658 DICCz65s00658</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Datumsplatnosti 10.5.2021 PVariabilní symbol 671806</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1.5.2021 Konst, symbol.: 0308</td></tr><tr><td>Caravan Express s.r.o. Čs. armády 3212</td><td>DUZP: Datum vystavení: 1.5.2021</td></tr><tr><td>27201Kladno</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cz</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IČ: 24831964 DICČ Cz24831964</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vážené dámy a pánové,</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>na základě smlouvy č. KEzEUREL6718066 Vám fakturujeme 32. běžnou splátku:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>složkysplátky ZákladEUR</td><td>DPHEUR</td></tr><tr><td>Splátka 1258,94</td><td>264,36</td></tr><tr><td>ce1kem. 1258,94</td><td>264,36</td></tr><tr><td>Ce1kem k úhradě: Část ku v BUR, prosím převedtena snář účet č. 1000039014, kéd banky: 500 a (EURnúčet! </td><td>1523,30EUR</td></tr><tr><td>18AN:a cZ2585508°80008018.600339014,aB.1. č.:RŽ8CczPR,vedenýu RaiEFei senbank, a.s.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>obnos, převedte, v EUR bez poplat ků pro příjemce. Variabiiní symbo1\"je uveden v záh1aví faktury.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>v připadě nedodr žení termínu splatnosti této faktury.vám bude za každý den prodlení</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>nárokován úrok z zprodiení v soůladu se smíuvnímí podmí n kamí: Částka v EUR je přepočítána devizovým kurzem EUR/Czk 25,785 ČNB.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Základ DPHv CZK</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SazbaDPH 21%</td><td>DPHvCZK 6816.48</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>3245944</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IMPULS-Leasing-AUSTRIA s.r.o. Turečková v.r.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Míkulováv.r.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr>"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "a8210c485e098159a52c492964d15b564c8522cc7de32ab9", "conversation_index": 6198, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5696, "prompt": "Q: JDBC, servlets and strange \"No operations allowed after connection closed\"\n\nI have a servlet which put data to remote MySQL Database. From servlet I call post which run method, which connect to database, make operations on the table and close all resource. But, during prefom this, occur the \"No operations allowed after connection closed. \". But if comment close methods on all resources, all works fine, and the database is update.\nBelow i present my code where I change the name of my object and error log:\npublic class MySqlManager {\n\nLogger logger = Logger.getLogger(\"MySqlManager\");\nprivate Connection sqlConnection;\n\npublic Connection getConnenction() throws SQLException{\n    sqlConnection = DriverManager.getConnection(DataConstants.dbUrl, DataConstants.dbName, DataConstants.password);\n    return sqlConnection;\n}\n\npublic MySqlManager() {\n    DriverManager.setLogWriter(new PrintWriter(System.out));\n}\n\npublic void putData(String value1, String value2, String value3) throws SQLException{\n    Connection sqlConn = null; \n    Statement statement = null;\n    ResultSet resultSet = null;\n    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;\n\n    try {\n        //register for MySQL driver\n        Class.forName(\"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\").\n\n        //get connection for data base      \n        sqlConn = getConnenction();\n        logger.info(\"Connect to database\");\n\n        int id;\n\n        //create a statement which gets data from database  \n        statement = sqlConn.createStatement();\n\n        //if exist row in column sec_id, get id of this row\n        String idQuery = \"SELECT id FROM table1 WHERE sec_id = \\'\" + value3 + \"\\'\";\n        logger.info(\"query=\" + idQuery);\n        resultSet = statement.executeQuery(idQuery);\n\n        if(resultSet.next()){\n        //if row exist, update data in this row     \n\n        id = resultSet.getInt(\"id\");        \n            preparedStatement = sqlConn.prepareStatement(\"UPDATE table1 SET col2 =?, col2 =?, col3 =?, col4 =? WHERE id =?\");\n            preparedStatement.setString(1, \"some_tekst\");\n            preparedStatement.setLong(2, 90854924897293);\n            preparedStatement.setString(3, \"some_tekst\");\n            preparedStatement.setString(4, \"some_tekst\"));\n            preparedStatement.setInt(5, id);\n            int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();\n            logger.info(\"Update \" + i + \" record\");\n        }else{\n\n            //if row not exist, insert data to table1\n            preparedStatement = sqlConn.prepareStatement(\"INSERT INTO table1 (col2, col3, col4, col5, col6, col7, col8) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)\");\n            preparedStatement.setString(1, \"some_tekst\");\n            preparedStatement.setLong(2, 9146517234571);\n            preparedStatement.setString(3, \"some_tekst\");\n            preparedStatement.setString(4, \"some_tekst\");\n            preparedStatement.setInt(5, 0);\n            preparedStatement.setString(6, \"some_tekst\"));\n            preparedStatement.setString(7, \"some_tekst\"));\n            int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();\n            logger.info(\"Insert \" + i + \" record\");\n        }        \n    } catch (SQLException ex) {\n        Logger.getLogger(MySqlManager.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);\n    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {\n        Logger.getLogger(MySqlManager.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);\n    } catch (InstantiationException ex) {\n        Logger.getLogger(MySqlManager.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);\n    } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {\n        Logger.getLogger(MySqlManager.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);\n    }finally{\n\n          /*if I close all resources which has been defined above, I have an error:\n\n            SQLState(S1000) vendor code(0)\n                java.sql.SQLException: Operation not allowed after ResultSet closed\n\n        if I comment code below, all works fine, and database is update\n          */\n\n            try { resultSet.close();} catch (Exception e) {}\n            try { statement.close();} catch (Exception e) {}\n            try { preparedStatement.close();} catch (Exception e) {}\n            try { closeConnection();} catch (Exception e) {}\n    }\n    }\n\n     public synchronized final void closeConnection() throws SQLException{\n         sqlConnection.close();\n         sqlConnection = null;\n     }\n\n}\nlis 21, 2014 12:56:32 PM com.test.database.MySqlManager putData\nINFO: Connect to database\nlis 21, 2014 12:56:32 PM com.test.database.MySqlManager putData\nSEVERE: null\ncom.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after     connection closed.\nat sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)\nat sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)\nat sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)\nat java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1014)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:988)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:974)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:919)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.throwConnectionClosedException(ConnectionImpl.java:1290)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.checkClosed(ConnectionImpl.java:1282)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:2653)\nat com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:2635)\nat com.test.database.MySqlManager.putData(MySqlManager.java:33)\nat com.test.database.SmackCcsClient.updateDB(SmackCcsClient.java:289)\nat com.test.database.GCMNotification.doPost(GCMNotification.java:89)\nat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)\nat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\nat org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)\nat org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)\nat org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)\nat org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)\nat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)\nat org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)\nat org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)\nat org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)\nat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)\nat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\nat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\nat org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\nat java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\n\nSQLState(08003) vendor code(0)\n\nEDIT:\nError log when it occur during getConnection()\nDriverManager.getConnection(\"jdbc:mysql://mysql-testhost:3306/dbname\")\ntrying sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver\n*Driver.connect (jdbc:mysql://mysql-testhost:3306/dbname)\n    trying com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\nSQLState(S1000) vendor code(0)\njava.sql.SQLException: Operation not allowed after ResultSet closed\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1074)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:988)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:974)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:919)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.checkClosed(ResultSetImpl.java:804)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.realClose(ResultSetImpl.java:7331)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeQuery(StatementImpl.java:1527)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.loadServerVariables(ConnectionImpl.java:4156)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3548)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2513)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2283)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:822)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)\n    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)\n    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:404)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:317)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.getConnenction(MySqlManager.java:8)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.putData(MySqlManager.java:52)\n    at com.test.database.SmackCcsClient.updateDB(SmackCcsClient.java:289)\n    at com.test.database.GCMNotification.doPost(GCMNotification.java:89)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)\n    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)\n    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)\n    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)\n    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\n    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\nSQLState(S1000) vendor code(0)\njava.sql.SQLException: Operation not allowed after ResultSet closed\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1074)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:988)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:974)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:919)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.checkClosed(ResultSetImpl.java:804)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.realClose(ResultSetImpl.java:7331)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.close(ResultSetImpl.java:923)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.realClose(StatementImpl.java:2590)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.close(StatementImpl.java:582)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.loadServerVariables(ConnectionImpl.java:4188)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3548)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2513)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2283)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:822)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)\n    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)\n    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:404)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:317)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.getConnenction(MySqlManager.java:8)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.putData(MySqlManager.java:52)\n    at com.test.database.SmackCcsClient.updateDB(SmackCcsClient.java:289)\n    at com.test.database.GCMNotification.doPost(GCMNotification.java:89)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)\n    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)\n    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)\n    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)\n    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\n    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\nSQLState(S1000) vendor code(0)\njava.sql.SQLException: Operation not allowed after ResultSet closed\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1074)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:988)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:974)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:919)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.checkClosed(ResultSetImpl.java:804)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.realClose(ResultSetImpl.java:7331)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.close(ResultSetImpl.java:923)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.realClose(StatementImpl.java:2590)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.close(StatementImpl.java:582)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.buildCollationMapping(ConnectionImpl.java:1076)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3556)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2513)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2283)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:822)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)\n    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)\n    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:404)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:317)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.getConnenction(MySqlManager.java:8)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.putData(MySqlManager.java:52)\n    at com.test.database.SmackCcsClient.updateDB(SmackCcsClient.java:289)\n    at com.test.database.GCMNotification.doPost(GCMNotification.java:89)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)\n    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)\n    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)\n    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)\n    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\n    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\nSQLState(S1000) vendor code(0)\njava.sql.SQLException: Operation not allowed after ResultSet closed\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1074)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:988)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:974)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:919)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.checkClosed(ResultSetImpl.java:804)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.realClose(ResultSetImpl.java:7331)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ResultSetImpl.close(ResultSetImpl.java:923)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.realClose(StatementImpl.java:2590)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.close(StatementImpl.java:582)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.isAutoCommitNonDefaultOnServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3798)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3644)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2513)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2283)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:822)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)\n    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)\n    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)\n    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:404)\n    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:317)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571)\n    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.getConnenction(MySqlManager.java:8)\n    at com.test.database.MySqlManager.putData(MySqlManager.java:52)\n    at com.test.database.SmackCcsClient.updateDB(SmackCcsClient.java:289)\n    at com.test.database.GCMNotification.doPost(GCMNotification.java:89)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:646)\n    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)\n    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)\n    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)\n    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)\n    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)\n    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)\n    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\n    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\n    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\n    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\ngetConnection returning com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\n\nA: Remove static modifier from sqlConnection object and getConnection(). it will work fine. The reason you get exception is this, by using static modifier you are creating a single connection object for all the objects of this class. If you close it once you are closing for all the servlets. \nEDIT: \nAs discussed with david90, the guy who asked this question, his problem was solved by  changing the version of MySQL driver. from 5.1.24 to  5.1.34\nCalling ResultSet.close() on an already closed ResultSet caused an SQLException.\nProblem Exists in MySQL driver 5.1.24, while 5.1.34 fixed it.\nCalling ResultSet.close() on an already closed ResultSet caused an SQLException. While the exception was silently discarded, it did result in performance issues. This fix makes Connector/J comply with the Java specification that when a ResultSet object is already closed, application of the close method on it should be a no-op. (Bug #16722637, Bug #67318)\n\nA: Your code isn't thread-safe. sqlConnection should be a local variable everywhere, and never an instance or static member. Ditto the Statement and ResultSet variables.\n\nIf sqlConnection is defined as a static member variable, how can it cause exceptions after calling close()?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "f66e6d8f7b0b4ec7aec14dbea275a136", "conversation_index": 420946, "turn_index": 10, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1320, "prompt": "Soit les données suivantes relatives à une course hippique :                                                                                             1 \tExpress du Gers \tDéferré \tFerré \tJ. Travers \tBlanche, brassards rouges, étoile et t. verte \t11e \t86/1 \t2800 m \tH \t9 \tS. Provoost \tEcurie Danover \t244 470 € \t1'11\"7 \t11a 7a 9a 4a 8a\n2 \tFiesta du Belver \tFerré \tFerré \tP.-Y. Verva \tMi-bleu clair,mi-bleu foncé,m.bleu foncé,t.éc.bleu clair et bleu foncé \t9e \t25/1 \t2800 m \tF \t8 \tMlle S. Chauvin \tEcurie du Belver \t262 270 € \t1'11\"4 \t3a 0a 15a (22) 9a 2a\n3 \tGalba Ringeat \tDéferré \tDéferré \tR. Derieux \tBlanche, étoiles et t. bleues \t6e \t12/1 \t2800 m \tH \t7 \tR. Derieux \tEcurie Nixonn \t271 704 € \t1'11\"8 \t6a 4a 1a 1a (22) 8a\n4 \tFélix du Bourg \tDéferré \tDéferré \tB. Marie \tBleue, étoile jaune, m. rouges, t. jaune, cout. rouges \t12e \t86/1 \t2800 m \tM \t8 \tB. Marie \tEcurie DL \t273 180 € \t1'11\"5 \t11a 11a (22) 5a 8m Da\n5 \tGamin Jaba \tDéferré \tDéferré \tN. Bazire \tBleu foncé, éch. rouge, t. écart. bleu foncé et rouge \t7e \t12/1 \t2800 m \tH \t7 \tJ.-M. Bazire \tMme G. Bazire \t273 280 € \t1'12\"1 \t1a 4Da 5a Da 9a\n6 \tGaïa d'Occagnes \tDéferré \tDéferré \tG. Gelormini \tJaune, un losange noir, m. et t. jaunes \t10e \t19/1 \t2800 m \tF \t7 \tJ.-P. Raffegeau \tT. Massicot \t273 410 € \t1'11\" \tDm 5a 7a 2m 1a\n7 \tGamble River \tDéferré \tDéferré \tB. Rochard \tBleue, brass. et épaul. blancs, t. rayée blanc et bleu \t8e \t15/1 \t2800 m \tM \t7 \tP.-L. Desaunette \tG. Manzi \t274 180 € \t1'12\"4 \t5a 8a (22) Da 5a 9a\n8 \tHarlem de Bucy \tDéferré \tDéferré \tA. Abrivard \tJaune, cout. noires, m. jaunes, brass. et t. noirs \t3e \t39/10 \t2825 m \tM \t6 \tC. Ecalard \tEcurie Brindor \t334 470 € \t1'10\"9 \t1a 2a 2a 1a 1a\n9 \tGaspar d'Angis \tDéferré \tDéferré \tE. Raffin \tBleue, cout. et m. blanches, t. bleue \t4e \t58/10 \t2825 m \tH \t7 \tJ.-M. Baudouin \tEc.Jean-Michel Baudouin \t338 160 € \t1'12\" \t3a 1a 1a 1a 6a\n10 \tEpsom d'Herfraie \tNon partant\n11 \tHip Hop Haufor \tDéferré \tDéferré \tCh. Bigeon \tBlanche, brassards et épaul. bleu foncé, t. bleu-foncé \t2e \t46/10 \t2825 m \tM \t6 \tCh. Bigeon \tEcurie Christian Bigeon \t430 370 € \t1'10\"8 \t8a 8a 8a 4a 11a\n12 \tGoéland d'Haufor \tDéferré \tDéferré \tD. Bonne \tBlanche, brassards et épaul. bleu foncé, t. bleu-foncé \t5e \t13/1 \t2825 m \tH \t7 \tCh. Bigeon \tEcurie Christian Bigeon \t432 810 € \t1'10\"2 \t1a 3a Da 7a 2a\n13 \tInès des Rioults \tFerré \tFerré \tJ.-F. Senet \tViolette, épaul. et t. bleues \t14e \t75/1 \t2825 m \tF \t5 \tJ.-F. Senet \tEcurie Karibou \t434 790 € \t1'10\"9 \t4m 3m 11a (22) 3m 5m\n14 \tFarah des Caux \tFerré \tFerré \tA. Garandeau \tDamier blanc et noir, m. et t. blanches \t15e \t10"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a48326b7dc5e486cbbcca9e64931d604", "conversation_index": 72979, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 929, "prompt": "Rewrite in english 72화. 들려온 소식, 찾아야 할 소식(3)\n\n\n“둘 아니, 셋이군요.”\n\n\n카시미르가 시선을 돌리지 않으며 말했다. 알리사와 퀴칸텔도 미행이 붙은 사실을 느끼고 있었다.\n\n\n온 신경이 베리스에게 가 있던 쿠잔만이 이제 막 깨달은 듯 정신을 가다듬었다.\n\n\n“대로로 이동하는 데다 눈에 띄기까지 하니 어쩔 수 없는 일이지.”\n\n\n퀴칸텔이 피곤한 듯 고개를 저었다.\n\n\n“일단 다행인 건 저놈들이 룬칸델 기사가 아니라는 겁니다. 수호기사나 집행기사였다면 미행이 아니라 대놓고 덮쳤을 테니까요.”\n\n\n이곳은 휴페스터, 룬칸델의 땅이다. 예비 기수인 진을 상대로 룬칸델 기사들이 미행 따윌 할 이유는 없었다.\n\n\n룬칸델 기사들이었다면 이미 마주친 순간 베리스를 살리는 건 고사하고, 쿠잔조차 조슈아에게 보내야 했을 것이다. 휴페스터에서 룬칸델 2기수가 지닌 권력이란 그런 것이었다.\n\n\n싸워서 이기는 건 물론 수호기사가 열 명쯤 오더라도 가능했다. 그러나 가문 외의 ‘사냥개’가 아닌, 룬칸델의 기사들과 전면전을 벌이는 건 분명 부담스러운 일이었다.\n\n\n특히 알리사와 카시미르, 퀴칸텔에게 룬칸델과 전투를 펼쳤다는 ‘공식적인 전적’이 남는 건 웬만해서는 피하고 싶었다.\n\n\n“그렇다는 건 조슈아의 사냥개, 혹은 정보통들이라는 말인데.”\n\n\n“어떻게 하는 게 좋겠습니까? 공자.”\n\n\n잠시 고민한 후, 진이 입을 열었다.\n\n\n“저것들은 분명 우릴 보자마자 상부에 보고를 했을 겁니다. 조슈아에게 직통으로 보고할 만한 수준은 아닌 것 같으니, 지금 발에 땀이 나게 뛰고 있는 놈이 있겠죠. 셋이 아니라 넷이었을 거란 겁니다.”\n\n\n현재 붙은 미행은 총 셋.\n\n\n그러나 진의 예상대로 원래는 넷이었다. 하나는 진 일행을 발견하자마자 미친 듯이 달리고 있었다.\n\n\n바로 남부 이동관문으로.\n\n\n“알리사 님.”\n\n\n“네, 공자.”\n\n\n“남부 이동관문으로 먼저 가셔야겠습니다. 보고를 하려면 우선 중앙이든 동부든 기사들이 있는 곳으로 가야 할 테니, 한 놈은 무조건 이동관문으로 가고 있을 겁니다.”\n\n\n“무슨 뜻인지 알겠습니다.”\n\n\n일부러 알리사를 골랐다. 현재 파티에 특임대 출신인 그녀보다 수색과 추적에 능한 사람은 없었다.\n\n\n“놈을 발견하면 어떻게 할까요?”\n\n\n“조슈아의 사람이니 살려둬선 안 됩니다. 고통 없이 보내주세요.”\n\n\n“알겠습니다.”\n\n\n알리사는 곧장 움직이지 않았다.\n\n\n먼저 움직이면 미행들도 뭔가 감지할 테니, 진의 전체 지시가 떨어진 후에 움직여야 했다.\n\n\n“그리고 쿠잔.”\n\n\n“예.”\n\n\n“네 능력을 시험해볼 때가 온 것 같군. 나머지 셋을 암살해라.”\n\n\n“숲길이 나오면 시행하면 되겠습니까?”\n\n\n“아니, 지금 당장. 할 수 있겠나?”\n\n\n백주대낮의 번화가 거리였다.\n\n\n이곳에서 갑자기 네 명을 소리 없이, 탈 없이 암살하는 건 무명의 상급 암살자들에게나 가능한 일이었다.\n\n\n그러나 쿠잔은 즉시 고개를 끄덕였다.\n\n\n“가능합니다.”\n\n\n대답을 듣자 내심 놀라웠다.\n\n\n“그래?”\n\n\n“다행히 지금 갖고 있는 독 중에 적합한 게 있습니다.”\n"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6dad01bb0c9246a58de5c7e20a44cfb1", "conversation_index": 345238, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 997, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED NAME_2 STRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND FUND IS Symbol: SVAIX\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, , \nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% \nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73, \nNAME_3 MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS I Symbol: OFVIX\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, , \nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19, \nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92, \nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY INCOME FUND CLASS INSTL Symbol: ANGIX\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, , \nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07, \nCOHEN & NAME_4 PREFERRED SEC & INC FUND I Symbol: CPXIX\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, , \nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93, \nPUTNAM ULTRA SHORT DURATION INCOME FUND CLASS Y Symbol: PSDYX\nTrade date: Oct 21 20, 11.847, 10.099, 119.65, 119.65, 10.060, 119.18, -0.47, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 0.335, 10.000, , 3.35, 10.060, 3.37, 0.02, , \nSecurity total, 12.182, 10.097, 119.65, 123.00, , 122.55, -0.45, 2.90,'\n\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity, the price, and the market value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "37798ef5fd3649d3a55bdf3ac5b7fd0c", "conversation_index": 358048, "turn_index": 22, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 957, "prompt": "\"Ok, let's go further. Here are the translations of the same training English sentences into the second unknown language:\n\nToday I am\t=\t15000 101100 20107\nYesterday you were\t=\t15100 101202 20207\nA man will be tomorrow\t=\t22300 101303 20307\nA woman is today\t=\t22400 101300 20107\nA child was yesterday\t=\t22500 101302 20207\nI live in a house\t=\t15000 102100 31502\nYou lived in the woods\t=\t15100 102202 52202\nA bird lives in the sky\t=\t22900 102300 57702\nDogs lived in the swamp\t=\t22720 102392 56602\nMice will live in the field\t=\t22820 102393 53302\nI eat bird with a spoon\t=\t15000 103100 22901 35505\nYou ate a dog yesterday\t=\t15100 103202 20207 22701\nA man will eat a cat tomorrow\t=\t22300 103303 20307 22601\nA woman will eat a mouse with a knife\t=\t22400 103303 36505 22801\nYesterday I ate with a spoon\t=\t15000 103102 20207 35505\nI build a house\t=\t15000 104100 51101\nYou will build a market\t=\t15100 104203 54401\nYesterday the child built with an axe\t=\t22500 104302 20207 31505\nTomorrow the woman will build with a hammer\t=\t22400 104303 20307 32505\nToday a man builds\t=\t22300 104300 20107\nCats see mice\t=\t22620 105390 22821\nDogs saw cats in the house\t=\t22720 105392 22621 51102\nYesterday a mouse saw a man in a field\t=\t22820 105392 20207 22321 53302\nTomorrow a woman will see a baby\t=\t22400 105303 20307 22501\nA child will see a cat in a field\t=\t22500 105303 22601 53302\nWe take the rod\t=\t15020 106190 33501\nYou took the cats\t=\t15120 106292 22621\nA cat takes an axe\t=\t22600 106300 31501\nThe dog took the knife in the house\t=\t22700 106302 36501 51102\nWomen will take axes tomorrow\t=\t22420 106393 20307 31521\nThe cat loves mice\t=\t22600 107300 22821\nA man loved a woman\t=\t22300 107302 22401\nYesterday the woman loved the baby in the house\t=\t22400 107302 20207 22501 51102\nYou love mice\t=\t15120 107290 22821\nTomorrow you will love cats\t=\t15120 107293 20307 22621\nI make a house with an axe\t=\t15000 108100 51101 31505\nMen make snares with knives\t=\t22320 108392 34521 36525\nChildren make hammers\t=\t22520 108390 32521\nCats make snares in the swamp\t=\t22620 108390 34521 56605\nA mouse will make a house tomorrow\t=\t22800 108303 20307 51101\nCats catch mice\t=\t22620 109390 22821\nDogs catch cats\t=\t22720 109390 22621\nMen caught dogs in the swamp with snares\t=\t22320 109392 22721 56602 34525\nWoman catches a baby\t=\t22400 109300 22501\nTomorrow I will catch you\t=\t15000 109103 20307 15101\nMan beats the house with an axe\t=\t22300 110300 51101 31505\nCats beated dogs\t=\t22620 110392 22721\nMice will beat houses in the woods\t=\t22820 110393 51121 52202\nA bird beats a spoon with an axe\t=\t22"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "a709e841f07edb32a46f86330fdc94961a1f039c24f0d1f1", "conversation_index": 5957, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5671, "prompt": "// language: Rust\n// This file is generated by rust-protobuf 3.0.0-pre. Do not edit\n\n#![allow(unknown_lints)]\n#![allow(clippy::all)]\n\n#![allow(unused_attributes)]\n#![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt::skip)]\n\n#![allow(box_pointers)]\n#![allow(dead_code)]\n#![allow(missing_docs)]\n#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]\n#![allow(non_snake_case)]\n#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]\n#![allow(trivial_casts)]\n#![allow(unused_results)]\n#![allow(unused_mut)]\n\n//! Generated file from `google/protobuf/timestamp.proto`\n\n#[derive(PartialEq,Clone,Default)]\n#[cfg_attr(serde, derive(::serde::Serialize, ::serde::Deserialize))]\npub struct Timestamp {\n    // message fields\n    pub seconds: i64,\n    pub nanos: i32,\n    #[cfg_attr(serde, serde(skip))]\n    pub unknown_fields: crate::UnknownFields,\n    #[cfg_attr(serde, serde(skip))]\n    pub cached_size: crate::rt::CachedSize,\n}\n\nimpl<'a> ::std::default::Default for &'a Timestamp {\n    fn default() -> &'a Timestamp {\n        <Timestamp as crate::Message>::default_instance()\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Timestamp {\n    pub fn new() -> Timestamp {\n        ::std::default::Default::default()\n    }\n\n    fn generated_message_descriptor_data() -> crate::reflect::GeneratedMessageDescriptorData {\n        let mut fields = ::std::vec::Vec::new();\n        fields.push(crate::reflect::rt::v2::make_simpler_field_accessor::<_, _>(\n            \"seconds\",\n            |m: &Timestamp| { &m.seconds },\n            |m: &mut Timestamp| { &mut m.seconds },\n        ));\n        fields.push(crate::reflect::rt::v2::make_simpler_field_accessor::<_, _>(\n            \"nanos\",\n            |m: &Timestamp| { &m.nanos },\n            |m: &mut Timestamp| { &mut m.nanos },\n        ));\n        crate::reflect::GeneratedMessageDescriptorData::new_2::<Timestamp>(\n            \"Timestamp\",\n            0,\n            fields,\n        )\n    }\n}\n\nimpl crate::Message for Timestamp {\n    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {\n        true\n    }\n\n    fn merge_from(&mut self, is: &mut crate::CodedInputStream<'_>) -> crate::ProtobufResult<()> {\n        while!is.eof()? {\n            let (field_number, wire_type) = is.read_tag_unpack()?;\n            match field_number {\n                1 => {\n                    if wire_type!= crate::wire_format::WireTypeVarint {\n                        return ::std::result::Result::Err(crate::rt::unexpected_wire_type(wire_type));\n                    }\n                    self.seconds = is.read_int64()?;\n                },\n                2 => {\n                    if wire_type!= crate::wire_format::WireTypeVarint {\n                        return ::std::result::Result::Err(crate::rt::unexpected_wire_type(wire_type));\n                    }\n                    self.nanos = is.read_int32()?;\n                },\n                _ => {\n                    crate::rt::read_unknown_or_skip_group(field_number, wire_type, is, self.mut_unknown_fields())?;\n                },\n            };\n        }\n        ::std::result::Result::Ok(())\n    }\n\n    #[allow(unused_variables)]\n    fn compute_size(&self) -> u32 {\n        let mut my_size = 0;\n        if self.seconds!= 0 {\n            my_size += crate::rt::value_size(1, self.seconds, crate::wire_format::WireTypeVarint);\n        }\n        if self.nanos!= 0 {\n            my_size += crate::rt::value_size(2, self.nanos, crate::wire_format::WireTypeVarint);\n        }\n        my_size += crate::rt::unknown_fields_size(self.get_unknown_fields());\n        self.cached_size.set(my_size);\n        my_size\n    }\n\n    fn write_to_with_cached_sizes(&self, os: &mut crate::CodedOutputStream<'_>) -> crate::ProtobufResult<()> {\n        if self.seconds!= 0 {\n            os.write_int64(1, self.seconds)?;\n        }\n        if self.nanos!= 0 {\n            os.write_int32(2, self.nanos)?;\n        }\n        os.write_unknown_fields(self.get_unknown_fields())?;\n        ::std::result::Result::Ok(())\n    }\n\n    fn get_cached_size(&self) -> u32 {\n        self.cached_size.get()\n    }\n\n    fn get_unknown_fields(&self) -> &crate::UnknownFields {\n        &self.unknown_fields\n    }\n\n    fn mut_unknown_fields(&mut self) -> &mut crate::UnknownFields {\n        &mut self.unknown_fields\n    }\n\n    fn new() -> Timestamp {\n        Timestamp::new()\n    }\n\n    fn descriptor_static() -> crate::reflect::MessageDescriptor {\n        crate::reflect::MessageDescriptor::new_generated_2(file_descriptor(), 0)\n    }\n\n    fn default_instance() -> &'static Timestamp {\n        static instance: Timestamp = Timestamp {\n            seconds: 0,\n            nanos: 0,\n            unknown_fields: crate::UnknownFields::new(),\n            cached_size: crate::rt::CachedSize::new(),\n        };\n        &instance\n    }\n}\n\nimpl crate::Clear for Timestamp {\n    fn clear(&mut self) {\n        self.seconds = 0;\n        self.nanos = 0;\n        self.unknown_fields.clear();\n    }\n}\n\nimpl ::std::fmt::Debug for Timestamp {\n    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::fmt::Result {\n        crate::text_format::fmt(self, f)\n    }\n}\n\nimpl crate::reflect::ProtobufValue for Timestamp {\n    type RuntimeType = crate::reflect::runtime_types::RuntimeTypeMessage<Self>;\n}\n\nstatic file_descriptor_proto_data: &'static [u8] = b\"\\\n    \\n\\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\\x12\\x0fgoogle.protobuf\\\";\\n\\tTimes\\\n    tamp\\x12\\x18\\n\\x07seconds\\x18\\x01\\x20\\x01(\\x03R\\x07seconds\\x12\\x14\\n\\x05\\\n    nanos\\x18\\x02\\x20\\x01(\\x05R\\x05nanosB\\x85\\x01\\n\\x13com.google.protobufB\\\n    \\x0eTimestampProtoP\\x01Z2google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestam\\\n    ppb\\xf8\\x01\\x01\\xa2\\x02\\x03GPB\\xaa\\x02\\x1eGoogle.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes\\\n    J\\xc5/\\n\\x07\\x12\\x05\\x1e\\0\\x92\\x01\\x01\\n\\xcc\\x0c\\n\\x01\\x0c\\x12\\x03\\x1e\\0\\\n    \\x122\\xc1\\x0c\\x20Protocol\\x20Buffers\\x20-\\x20Google's\\x20data\\x20interch\\\n    ange\\x20format\\n\\x20Copyright\\x202008\\x20Google\\x20Inc.\\x20\\x20All\\x20ri\\\n    \\n\\x20Redistribution\\x20and\\x20use\\x20in\\x20source\\x20and\\x20binary\\x20f\\\n    orms,\\x20with\\x20or\\x20without\\n\\x20modification,\\x20are\\x20permitted\\\n    \\x20provided\\x20that\\x20the\\x20following\\x20conditions\\x20are\\n\\x20met:\\\n    \\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20*\\x20Redistributions\\x20of\\x20source\\x20code\\x20\\\n    must\\x20retain\\x20the\\x20above\\x20copyright\\n\\x20notice,\\x20this\\x20list\\\n    \\x20of\\x20conditions\\x20and\\x20the\\x20following\\x20disclaimer.\\n\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20\\x20*\\x20Redistributions\\x20in\\x20binary\\x20form\\x20must\\x20repr\\\n    oduce\\x20the\\x20above\\n\\x20copyright\\x20notice,\\x20this\\x20list\\x20of\\\n    \\x20conditions\\x20and\\x20the\\x20following\\x20disclaimer\\n\\x20in\\x20the\\\n    \\x20documentation\\x20and/or\\x20other\\x20materials\\x20provided\\x20with\\\n    \\x20the\\n\\x20distribution.\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20*\\x20Neither\\x20the\\x20n\\\n    ame\\x20of\\x20Google\\x20Inc.\\x20nor\\x20the\\x20names\\x20of\\x20its\\n\\x20con\\\n    tributors\\x20may\\x20be\\x20used\\x20to\\x20endorse\\x20or\\x20promote\\x20prod\\\n    ucts\\x20derived\\x20from\\n\\x20this\\x20software\\x20without\\x20specific\\x20\\\n    prior\\x20written\\x20permission.\\n\\n\\x20THIS\\x20SOFTWARE\\x20IS\\x20PROVIDE\\\n    D\\x20BY\\x20THE\\x20COPYRIGHT\\x20HOLDERS\\x20AND\\x20CONTRIBUTORS\\n\\x20\\\"AS\\\n    \\x20IS\\\"\\x20AND\\x20ANY\\x20EXPRESS\\x20OR\\x20IMPLIED\\x20WARRANTIES,\\x20INC\\\n    LUDING,\\x20BUT\\x20NOT\\n\\x20LIMITED\\x20TO,\\x20THE\\x20IMPLIED\\x20WARRANTIE\\\n    S\\x20OF\\x20MERCHANTABILITY\\x20AND\\x20FITNESS\\x20FOR\\n\\x20A\\x20PARTICULAR\\\n    \\x20PURPOSE\\x20ARE\\x20DISCLAIMED.\\x20IN\\x20NO\\x20EVENT\\x20SHALL\\x20THE\\\n    \\x20COPYRIGHT\\n\\x20OWNER\\x20OR\\x20CONTRIBUTORS\\x20BE\\x20LIABLE\\x20FOR\\\n    \\x20ANY\\x20DIRECT,\\x20INDIRECT,\\x20INCIDENTAL,\\n\\x20SPECIAL,\\x20EXEMPLAR\\\n    Y,\\x20OR\\x20CONSEQUENTIAL\\x20DAMAGES\\x20(INCLUDING,\\x20BUT\\x20NOT\\n\\x20L\\\n    IMITED\\x20TO,\\x20PROCUREMENT\\x20OF\\x20SUBSTITUTE\\x20GOODS\\x20OR\\x20SERVI\\\n    CES;\\x20LOSS\\x20OF\\x20USE,\\n\\x20DATA,\\x20OR\\x20PROFITS;\\x20OR\\x20BUSINES\\\n    S\\x20INTERRUPTION)\\x20HOWEVER\\x20CAUSED\\x20AND\\x20ON\\x20ANY\\n\\x20THEORY\\\n    \\x20OF\\x20LIABILITY,\\x20WHETHER\\x20IN\\x20CONTRACT,\\x20STRICT\\x20LIABILIT\\\n    Y,\\x20OR\\x20TORT\\n\\x20(INCLUDING\\x20NEGLIGENCE\\x20OR\\x20OTHERWISE)\\x20AR\\\n    ISING\\x20IN\\x20ANY\\x20WAY\\x20OUT\\x20OF\\x20THE\\x20USE\\n\\x20OF\\x20THIS\\x20\\\n    SOFTWARE,\\x20EVEN\\x20IF\\x20ADVISED\\x20OF\\x20THE\\x20POSSIBILITY\\x20OF\\x20\\\n    SUCH\\x20DAMAGE.\\n\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x02\\x12\\x03\\x20\\0\\x18\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\\n    \\x03\\\"\\0;\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08%\\x12\\x03\\\"\\0;\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\x03#\\0\\x1f\\n\\t\\\n    \\n\\x02\\x08\\x1f\\x12\\x03#\\0\\x1f\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\x03$\\0I\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08\\\n    \\x0b\\x12\\x03$\\0I\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\x03%\\0,\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08\\x01\\x12\\x03%\\\n    \\0,\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\x03&\\0/\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08\\x08\\x12\\x03&\\0/\\n\\x08\\n\\\n    \\x01\\x08\\x12\\x03'\\0\\\"\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08\\n\\x12\\x03'\\0\\\"\\n\\x08\\n\\x01\\x08\\x12\\\n    \\x03(\\0!\\n\\t\\n\\x02\\x08$\\x12\\x03(\\0!\\n\\xde\\x1d\\n\\x02\\x04\\0\\x12\\x06\\x87\\\n    \\x01\\0\\x92\\x01\\x01\\x1a\\xcf\\x1d\\x20A\\x20Timestamp\\x20represents\\x20a\\x20p\\\n    oint\\x20in\\x20time\\x20independent\\x20of\\x20any\\x20time\\x20zone\\x20or\\x20\\\n    local\\n\\x20calendar,\\x20encoded\\x20as\\x20a\\x20count\\x20of\\x20seconds\\x20\\\n    and\\x20fractions\\x20of\\x20seconds\\x20at\\n\\x20nanosecond\\x20resolution.\\\n    \\x20The\\x20count\\x20is\\x20relative\\x20to\\x20an\\x20epoch\\x20at\\x20UTC\\x20\\\n    midnight\\x20on\\n\\x20January\\x201,\\x201970,\\x20in\\x20the\\x20proleptic\\x20\\\n    Gregorian\\x20calendar\\x20which\\x20extends\\x20the\\n\\x20Gregorian\\x20calen\\\n    dar\\x20backwards\\x20to\\x20year\\x20one.\\n\\n\\x20All\\x20minutes\\x20are\\x206\\\n    0\\x20seconds\\x20long.\\x20Leap\\x20seconds\\x20are\\x20\\\"smeared\\\"\\x20so\\x20\\\n    that\\x20no\\x20leap\\n\\x20second\\x20table\\x20is\\x20needed\\x20for\\x20interp\\\n    retation,\\x20using\\x20a\\x20[24-hour\\x20linear\\n\\x20smear](https://develo\\\n    pers.google.com/time/smear).\\n\\n\\x20The\\x20range\\x20is\\x20from\\x200001-0\\\n    1-01T00:00:00Z\\x20to\\x209999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z.\\x20By\\n\\x20restr\\\n    icting\\x20to\\x20that\\x20range,\\x20we\\x20ensure\\x20that\\x20we\\x20can\\x20c\\\n    rfc3339.txt)\\x20date\\x20strings.\\n\\n\\x20#\\x20Examples\\n\\n\\x20Example\\x20\\\n    1:\\x20Compute\\x20Timestamp\\x20from\\x20POSIX\\x20`time()`.\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20Timestamp\\x20timestamp;\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp.set_secon\\\n    ds(time(NULL));\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp.set_nanos(0);\\n\\n\\x20Exam\\\n    ple\\x202:\\x20Compute\\x20Timestamp\\x20from\\x20POSIX\\x20`gettimeofday()`.\\\n    \\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20struct\\x20timeval\\x20tv;\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20ge\\\n    ttimeofday(&tv,\\x20NULL);\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Timestamp\\x20timestamp;\\\n    \\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec\\x20*\\x201000);\\n\\n\\x20Example\\x20\\\n    3:\\x20Compute\\x20Timestamp\\x20from\\x20Win32\\x20`GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(\\\n    )`.\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20FILETIME\\x20ft;\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20GetSyste\\\n    mTimeAsFileTime(&ft);\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20UINT64\\x20ticks\\x20=\\x20(((UI\\\n    NT64)ft.dwHighDateTime)\\x20<<\\x2032)\\x20|\\x20ft.dwLowDateTime;\\n\\n\\x20\\\n    \\x20Windows\\x20epoch\\x201601-01-01T00:00:00Z\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20//\\x20\\\n    is\\x2011644473600\\x20seconds\\x20before\\x20Unix\\x20epoch\\x201970-01-01T00\\\n    :00:00Z.\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Timestamp\\x20timestamp;\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20timestamp.set_seconds((INT64)\\x20((ticks\\x20/\\x2010000000)\\x20-\\x201\\\n    1644473600LL));\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp.set_nanos((INT32)\\x20((ti\\\n    cks\\x20%\\x2010000000)\\x20*\\x20100));\\n\\n\\x20Example\\x204:\\x20Compute\\x20\\\n    Timestamp\\x20from\\x20Java\\x20`System.currentTimeMillis()`.\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20\\x20long\\x20millis\\x20=\\x20System.currentTimeMillis();\\n\\n\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Timestamp\\x20timestamp\\x20=\\x20Timestamp.newBuilder().se\\\n    tSeconds(millis\\x20/\\x201000)\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20.setN\\\n    anos((int)\\x20((millis\\x20%\\x201000)\\x20*\\x201000000)).build();\\n\\n\\n\\\n    \\x20Example\\x205:\\x20Compute\\x20Timestamp\\x20from\\x20Java\\x20`Instant.no\\\n    w()`.\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Instant\\x20now\\x20=\\x20Instant.now();\\n\\n\\\n    \\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Timestamp\\x20timestamp\\x20=\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\\n    \\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(now.getEpochSecond())\\\n    \\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20.setNanos(now.getN\\\n    ano()).build();\\n\\n\\n\\x20Example\\x206:\\x20Compute\\x20Timestamp\\x20from\\\n    \\x20current\\x20time\\x20in\\x20Python.\\n\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp\\\n    \\x20=\\x20Timestamp()\\n\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20\\x20timestamp.GetCurrentTime()\\n\\n\\\n    \\x20#\\x20JSON\\x20Mapping\\n\\n\\x20In\\x20JSON\\x20format,\\x20the\\x20Timestam\\\n    p\\x20type\\x20is\\x20encoded\\x20as\\x20a\\x20string\\x20in\\x20the\\n\\x20[RFC\\\n   ,\\x20the\\n\\x20format\\x20is\\x20\\\"{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[\\\n   .{frac_sec}]Z\\\"\\n\\x20where\\x20{year}\\x20is\\x20always\\x20expressed\\x20usi\\\n    ng\\x20four\\x20digits\\x20while\\x20{month},\\x20{day},\\n\\x20{hour},\\x20{min\\\n    },\\x20and\\x20{sec}\\x20are\\x20zero-padded\\x20to\\x20two\\x20digits\\x20each.\\\n    \\x20The\\x20fractional\\n\\x20seconds,\\x20which\\x20can\\x20go\\x20up\\x20to\\\n    \\x209\\x20digits\\x20(i.e.\\x20up\\x20to\\x201\\x20nanosecond\\x20resolution),\\\n    \\n\\x20are\\x20optional.\\x20The\\x20\\\"Z\\\"\\x20suffix\\x20indicates\\x20the\\x20\\\n    timezone\\x20(\\\"UTC\\\");\\x20the\\x20timezone\\n\\x20is\\x20required.\\x20A\\x20p\\\n    roto3\\x20JSON\\x20serializer\\x20should\\x20always\\x20use\\x20UTC\\x20(as\\x20\\\n    indicated\\x20by\\n\\x20\\\"Z\\\")\\x20when\\x20printing\\x20the\\x20Timestamp\\x20t\\\n    ype\\x20and\\x20a\\x20proto3\\x20JSON\\x20parser\\x20should\\x20be\\n\\x20able\\\n    \\x20to\\x20accept\\x20both\\x20UTC\\x20and\\x20other\\x20timezones\\x20(as\\x20i\\\n    ndicated\\x20by\\x20an\\x20offset).\\n\\n\\x20For\\x20example,\\x20\\\"2017-01-15T\\\n    01:30:15.01Z\\\"\\x20encodes\\x2015.01\\x20seconds\\x20past\\n\\x2001:30\\x20UTC\\\n    \\x20on\\x20January\\x2015,\\x202017.\\n\\n\\x20In\\x20JavaScript,\\x20one\\x20can\\\n    \\x20convert\\x20a\\x20Date\\x20object\\x20to\\x20this\\x20format\\x20using\\x20t\\\n    he\\n\\x20standard\\n\\x20[toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-U\\\n    S/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString)\\n\\x20me\\\n    thod.\\x20In\\x20Python,\\x20a\\x20standard\\x20`datetime.datetime`\\x20object\\\n    \\x20can\\x20be\\x20converted\\n\\x20to\\x20this\\x20format\\x20using\\n\\x20[`str\\\n    th\\n\\x20the\\x20time\\x20format\\x20spec\\x20'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'.\\x20Lik\\\n    ewise,\\x20in\\x20Java,\\x20one\\x20can\\x20use\\n\\x20the\\x20Joda\\x20Time's\\\n    \\x20[`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`](\\n\\x20http://www.joda.org/joda-time\\\n    /apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D\\n\\\n    \\x20)\\x20to\\x20obtain\\x20a\\x20formatter\\x20capable\\x20of\\x20generating\\\n    \\x20timestamps\\x20in\\x20this\\x20format.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\x0b\\n\\x03\\x04\\0\\x01\\x12\\\n    \\x04\\x87\\x01\\x08\\x11\\n\\x9d\\x01\\n\\x04\\x04\\0\\x02\\0\\x12\\x04\\x8b\\x01\\x02\\x14\\\n    \\x1a\\x8e\\x01\\x20Represents\\x20seconds\\x20of\\x20UTC\\x20time\\x20since\\x20U\\\n    nix\\x20epoch\\n\\x201970-01-01T00:00:00Z.\\x20Must\\x20be\\x20from\\x200001-01\\\n    -01T00:00:00Z\\x20to\\n\\x209999-12-31T23:59:59Z\\x20inclusive.\\n\\n\\r\\n\\x05\\\n    \\x04\\0\\x02\\0\\x05\\x12\\x04\\x8b\\x01\\x02\\x07\\n\\r\\n\\x05\\x04\\0\\x02\\0\\x01\\x12\\\n    \\x04\\x8b\\x01\\x08\\x0f\\n\\r\\n\\x05\\x04\\0\\x02\\0\\x03\\x12\\x04\\x8b\\x01\\x12\\x13\\n\\\n    \\xe5\\x01\\n\\x04\\x04\\0\\x02\\x01\\x12\\x04\\x91\\x01\\x02\\x12\\x1a\\xd6\\x01\\x20Non-\\\n    negative\\x20fractions\\x20of\\x20a\\x20second\\x20at\\x20nanosecond\\x20resolu\\\n    tion.\\x20Negative\\n\\x20second\\x20values\\x20with\\x20fractions\\x20must\\x20\\\n    still\\x20have\\x20non-negative\\x20nanos\\x20values\\n\\x20that\\x20count\\x20f\\\n    orward\\x20in\\x20time.\\x20Must\\x20be\\x20from\\x200\\x20to\\x20999,999,999\\n\\\n    \\x20inclusive.\\n\\n\\r\\n\\x05\\x04\\0\\x02\\x01\\x05\\x12\\x04\\x91\\x01\\x02\\x07\\n\\r\\\n    \\n\\x05\\x04\\0\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x12\\x04\\x91\\x01\\x08\\r\\n\\r\\n\\x05\\x04\\0\\x02\\x01\\\n    \\x03\\x12\\x04\\x91\\x01\\x10\\x11b\\x06proto3\\\n\";\n\npub fn file_descriptor_proto() -> &'static crate::descriptor::FileDescriptorProto {\n    static file_descriptor_proto_lazy: crate::rt::LazyV2<crate::descriptor::FileDescriptorProto> = crate::rt::LazyV2::INIT;\n    file_descriptor_proto_lazy.get(|| {\n        crate::Message::parse_from_bytes(file_descriptor_proto_data).unwrap()\n    })\n}\n\npub fn file_descriptor() -> crate::reflect::FileDescriptor {\n    static file_descriptor_lazy: crate::rt::LazyV2<crate::reflect::GeneratedFileDescriptor> = crate::rt::LazyV2::INIT;\n    let file_descriptor = file_descriptor_lazy.get(|| {\n        let mut deps = ::std::vec::Vec::new();\n        let mut messages = ::std::vec::Vec::new();\n        messages.push(Timestamp::generated_message_descriptor_data());\n        let mut enums = ::std::vec::Vec::new();\n        crate::reflect::GeneratedFileDescriptor::new_generated(\n            file_descriptor_proto(),\n            deps,\n            messages,\n            enums,\n        )\n    });\n    crate::reflect::FileDescriptor::new_generated_2(file_descriptor)\n}\n\nWhat is the maximum precision allowed for the nanos fractional seconds field?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "90f587229b083500b096ef161b7aceb445d29bed2baffb7c", "conversation_index": 5139, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5603, "prompt": "Q: Android, Json Parsing Error\n\nI am new to JSON and a relative beginner in Android, I have come across a problem which I have been unable to solve for several hours and am hoping the community can help.\nThe point of this application is get JSON Data and display it in a Custom Listview which will only show the thumbnail URL and title.\nFrom what I am understanding it is a JSON parsing error that seems to stop for some reason, and hence when I try to call my custom listview to set it, I am passing in empty String Arrays since no data was filled during the JSON parse.\nThe error in question looks like this.\n E/Zygote: v2\n I/libpersona: KNOX_SDCARD checking this for 10010\n I/libpersona: KNOX_SDCARD not a persona\n E/Zygote: accessInfo : 0\n W/SELinux: SELinux selinux_android_compute_policy_index : Policy Index[2],  Con:u:r:zygote:s0 RAM:SEPF_SECMOBILE_7.0_0005, [-1 -1 -1 -1 0 1]\n I/SELinux: SELinux: seapp_context_lookup: seinfo=untrusted, level=s0:c512,c768, pkgname=com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout \n I/art: Late-enabling -Xcheck:jni\n D/TimaKeyStoreProvider: TimaKeyStore is not enabled: cannot add TimaSignature Service and generateKeyPair Service\n06-29 09:22:16.042 31340-31350/? I/art: Debugger is no longer active\n06-29 09:22:16.042 31340-31350/? I/art: Starting a blocking GC Instrumentation\n06-29 09:22:16.166 31340-31340/? W/System: ClassLoader referenced unknown path: /data/app/com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout-1/lib/arm64\n06-29 09:22:16.185 31340-31340/? I/InstantRun: starting instant run server: is main process\n06-29 09:22:16.247 31340-31340/? W/art: Before Android 4.1, method android.graphics.PorterDuffColorFilter android.support.graphics.drawable.VectorDrawableCompat.updateTintFilter(android.graphics.PorterDuffColorFilter, android.content.res.ColorStateList, android.graphics.PorterDuff$Mode) would have incorrectly overridden the package-private method in android.graphics.drawable.Drawable\n06-29 09:22:16.316 31340-31340/? D/AbsListView: Get MotionRecognitionManager\n06-29 09:22:16.317 31340-31340/? D/MotionRecognitionManager: mSContextService = com.samsung.android.hardware.context.ISemContextService$Stub$Proxy@ed99b7a\n06-29 09:22:16.318 31340-31340/? D/MotionRecognitionManager: motionService = com.samsung.android.gesture.IMotionRecognitionService$Stub$Proxy@a628f2b\n06-29 09:22:16.318 31340-31340/? D/MotionRecognitionManager: motionService = com.samsung.android.gesture.IMotionRecognitionService$Stub$Proxy@a628f2b\n06-29 09:22:16.323 31340-31340/? D/AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM\n06-29 09:22:16.323 31340-31340/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main\n                                                   Process: com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout, PID: 31340\n                                                   java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout/com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout.MainActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2927)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2988)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap14(ActivityThread.java)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1631)\n                                                       at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)\n                                                       at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6682)\n                                                       at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)\n                                                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1520)\n                                                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1410)\n                                                    Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException\n                                                       at java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(Objects.java:203)\n                                                       at java.util.Arrays$ArrayList.<init>(Arrays.java:3826)\n                                                       at java.util.Arrays.asList(Arrays.java:3813)\n                                                       at android.widget.ArrayAdapter.<init>(ArrayAdapter.java:139)\n                                                       at com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout.CustomAdapter.<init>(CustomAdapter.java:0)\n                                                       at com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:49)\n                                                       at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6942)\n                                                       at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1126)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2880)\n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2988) \n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap14(ActivityThread.java) \n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1631) \n                                                       at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) \n                                                       at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) \n                                                       at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6682) \n                                                       at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) \n                                                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1520) \n                                                       at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1410) \n06-29 09:22:16.325 31340-31391/? D/NetworkSecurityConfig: No Network Security Config specified, using platform default\n06-29 09:22:16.327 31340-31391/? I/System.out: (HTTPLog)-Static: isSBSettingEnabled false\n06-29 09:22:16.327 31340-31391/? I/System.out: (HTTPLog)-Static: isSBSettingEnabled false\n06-29 09:22:16.512 31340-31391/? E/MainActivity: Response from url: [\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 1,\n                                                     \"title\": \"accusamus beatae ad facilis cum similique qui sunt\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/92c952\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/92c952\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 2,\n                                                     \"title\": \"reprehenderit est deserunt velit ipsam\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/771796\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/771796\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 3,\n                                                     \"title\": \"officia porro iure quia iusto qui ipsa ut modi\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/24f355\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/24f355\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 4,\n                                                     \"title\": \"culpa odio esse rerum omnis laboriosam voluptate repudiandae\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/d32776\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/d32776\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 5,\n                                                     \"title\": \"natus nisi omnis corporis facere molestiae rerum in\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/f66b97\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/f66b97\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 6,\n                                                     \"title\": \"accusamus ea aliquid et amet sequi nemo\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/56a8c2\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/56a8c2\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 7,\n                                                     \"title\": \"officia delectus consequatur vero aut veniam explicabo molestias\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/b0f7cc\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/b0f7cc\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 8,\n                                                     \"title\": \"aut porro officiis laborum odit ea laudantium corporis\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/54176f\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/54176f\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 9,\n                                                     \"title\": \"qui eius qui autem sed\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/51aa97\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/51aa97\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 10,\n                                                     \"title\": \"beatae et provident et ut vel\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/810b14\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/810b14\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 11,\n                                                     \"title\": \"nihil at amet non hic quia qui\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/1ee8a4\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/1ee8a4\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 12,\n                                                     \"title\": \"mollitia soluta ut rerum eos aliquam consequatur perspiciatis maiores\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/66b7d2\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/66b7d2\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 13,\n                                                     \"title\": \"repudiandae iusto deleniti rerum\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/197d29\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/197d29\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 14,\n                                                     \"title\": \"est necessitatibus architecto ut laborum\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/61a65\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/61a65\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 15,\n                                                     \"title\": \"harum dicta similique quis dolore earum ex qui\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/f9cee5\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/f9cee5\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 16,\n                                                     \"title\": \"iusto sunt nobis quasi veritatis quas expedita voluptatum deserunt\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/fdf73e\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/fdf73e\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 17,\n                                                     \"title\": \"natus doloribus necessitatibus ipsa\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/9c184f\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/9c184f\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 18,\n                                                     \"title\": \"laboriosam odit nam necessitatibus et illum dolores reiciendis\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/1fe46f\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/1fe46f\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 19,\n                                                     \"title\": \"perferendis nesciunt eveniet et optio a\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/56acb2\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://placehold.it/150/56acb2\"\n                                                   },\n                                                   {\n                                                     \"albumId\": 1,\n                                                     \"id\": 20,\n                                                     \"title\": \"assumenda voluptatem laboriosam enim consequatur veniam placeat reiciendis error\",\n                                                     \"url\": \"http://placehold.it/600/8985dc\",\n                                                     \"thumbnailUrl\": \"http://p\n06-29 09:22:16.775 31340-31391/? E/MainActivity: Json parsing error: Value [{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":1,\"title\":\"accusamus beatae ad facilis cum similique qui sunt\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/92c952\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/92c952\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":2,\"title\":\"reprehenderit est deserunt velit ipsam\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/771796\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/771796\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":3,\"title\":\"officia porro iure quia iusto qui ipsa ut modi\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/24f355\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/24f355\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":4,\"title\":\"culpa odio esse rerum omnis laboriosam voluptate repudiandae\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/d32776\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/d32776\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":5,\"title\":\"natus nisi omnis corporis facere molestiae rerum in\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/f66b97\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/f66b97\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":6,\"title\":\"accusamus ea aliquid et amet sequi nemo\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/56a8c2\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/56a8c2\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":7,\"title\":\"officia delectus consequatur vero aut veniam explicabo molestias\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/b0f7cc\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/b0f7cc\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":8,\"title\":\"aut porro officiis laborum odit ea laudantium corporis\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/54176f\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/54176f\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":9,\"title\":\"qui eius qui autem sed\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/51aa97\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/51aa97\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":10,\"title\":\"beatae et provident et ut vel\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/810b14\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/810b14\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":11,\"title\":\"nihil at amet non hic quia qui\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/1ee8a4\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/1ee8a4\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":12,\"title\":\"mollitia soluta ut rerum eos aliquam consequatur perspiciatis maiores\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/66b7d2\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/66b7d2\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":13,\"title\":\"repudiandae iusto deleniti rerum\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/197d29\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/197d29\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":14,\"title\":\"est necessitatibus architecto ut laborum\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/61a65\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/61a65\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":15,\"title\":\"harum dicta similique quis dolore earum ex qui\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/f9cee5\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/f9cee5\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":16,\"title\":\"iusto sunt nobis quasi veritatis quas expedita voluptatum deserunt\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/fdf73e\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/fdf73e\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":17,\"title\":\"natus doloribus necessitatibus ipsa\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/9c184f\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/9c184f\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":18,\"title\":\"laboriosam odit nam necessitatibus et illum dolores reiciendis\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/1fe46f\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/1fe46f\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":19,\"title\":\"perferendis nesciunt eveniet et optio a\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/56acb2\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/56acb2\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":20,\"title\":\"assumenda voluptatem laboriosam enim consequatur veniam placeat reiciendis error\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/8985dc\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/8985dc\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":21,\"title\":\"ad et natus qui\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/5e12c6\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/5e12c6\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":22,\"title\":\"et ea illo et sit voluptas animi blanditiis porro\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/45601a\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/45601a\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":23,\"title\":\"harum velit vero totam\",\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/600\\/e924e6\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\/\\/placehold.it\\/150\\/e924e6\"},{\"albumId\":1,\"id\":24,\"title\":\"beatae officiis ut aut\",\"\n\nMy code is below as follows.\nMainActivity\npackage com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout;\n\nimport android.os.AsyncTask;\nimport android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;\nimport android.os.Bundle;\nimport android.webkit.HttpAuthHandler;\nimport android.widget.ListView;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.widget.AdapterView;\nimport android.widget.ArrayAdapter;\nimport android.widget.ListAdapter;\nimport android.widget.Toast;\n\nimport android.util.Log;\nimport org.apache.http.HttpEntity;\nimport org.apache.http.HttpResponse;\nimport org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;\nimport org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;\nimport org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;\nimport org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;\nimport org.json.JSONArray;\nimport org.json.JSONException;\nimport org.json.JSONObject;\nimport java.util.HashMap;\nimport java.io.IOException;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\nimport org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;\n\npublic class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {\n\n   String[] photoLast;\n   String [] titleLast;\n    ArrayList<String> urlPhoto = new ArrayList<String>();\n    ArrayList<String> titleName = new ArrayList<String>();\n    ListView jsonDisplay;\n    CustomAdapter displayAdapter;\n\n    final static String URL = \"http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/photos\";\n    private String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();\n    @Override\n    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);\n\n        new Read().execute();\n        displayAdapter = new CustomAdapter(MainActivity.this,titleLast, photoLast);\n        jsonDisplay = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.jsonDisplay);\n        jsonDisplay.setAdapter(displayAdapter);\n\n//        jsonDisplay = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.jsonDisplay);\n//        displayAdapter = new CustomAdapter(this, title);\n//        jsonDisplay.setAdapter(displayAdapter);\n    }\n\n    public class Read extends AsyncTask <Void, Void, Void> {\n        @Override\n        protected void onPreExecute() {\n            super.onPreExecute();\n\n        }\n\n        @Override\n       protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {\n            //TODO Auto-generated method stub\n            HttpHandler sh = new HttpHandler();\n            String url = URL;\n            String jsonStr = sh.makeServiceCall(url);\n\n            Log.e(TAG, \"Response from url: \" + jsonStr);\n            if(jsonStr!= null) {\n                try {\n                    JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonStr);\n\n                    JSONArray photos = json.getJSONArray(\"photos\");\n                    photoLast = new String[photos.length()];\n                    titleLast = new String[photos.length()];\n                    for (int i = 0; i < photos.length(); i++) {\n                        JSONObject temp = photos.getJSONObject(i);\n                        String title = temp.getString(\"title\");\n                        String thumbNailURL = temp.getString(\"thumbnailUrl\");\n\n                        photoLast[i]=thumbNailURL;\n                        titleLast[i]=title;\n//                        urlPhoto.add(thumbNailURL);\n//                        titleName.add(title);\n\n                    }\n                } catch (final JSONException e) {\n                    Log.e(TAG, \"Json parsing error: \" + e.getMessage());\n                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {\n                        @Override\n                        public void run() {\n                            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),\n                                    \"Json parsing error2: \" + e.getMessage(),\n                                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();\n                        }\n                    });\n                }\n                } else{\n                    Log.e(TAG, \"Couldn't get json from server.\");\n                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {\n                        @Override\n                        public void run() {\n                            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),\n                                    \"Couldn't get json from server. Check LogCat for possible errors!\",\n                                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();\n                        }\n                    });\n                }\n\n            return null;\n        }\n        @Override\n       protected void onPostExecute(Void result){\n           //TODO Auto-Generated method stub\n            //photoLast = urlPhoto.toArray(photoLast);\n            //titleLast = titleName.toArray(titleLast);\n             super.onPostExecute(result);\n\n       }\n\n    }\n}\n\nHttpHandler (past text limit need to remove, put in where I got code)\n https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_json_parser.htm\n\nCustomAdapter\npackage com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout;\n\n/**\n * Created by User on 6/29/2017.\n */\n\nimport android.content.Context;\nimport android.support.annotation.LayoutRes;\nimport android.support.annotation.NonNull;\nimport android.support.annotation.Nullable;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.view.LayoutInflater;\nimport android.view.ViewGroup;\nimport android.widget.ImageView;\nimport android.widget.TextView;\nimport android.widget.ArrayAdapter;\nimport android.app.Activity;\n\nimport com.squareup.picasso.Picasso;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\nimport static com.example.user.remotemachineuilayout.R.id.url;\n\npublic class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {\n\n    //private final Activity context;\n    private final String[] titleList;\n    private final String[] urlList;\n\n    public CustomAdapter(Context context1, String[] title, String[] url) {\n        super(context1, R.layout.custom_row, title);\n        //this.context = context1;\n        this.titleList = title;\n        this.urlList = url;\n    }\n\n    @NonNull\n    @Override\n    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {\n\n        LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(getContext());\n        View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_row,parent,false);\n        TextView txtTitle = (TextView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.title);\n        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) rowView.findViewById(url);\n\n        txtTitle.setText(titleList[position]);\n        Picasso.with(this.getContext()).load(urlList[position]).into(imageView);\n\n        return rowView;\n    }\n}\n\nA: if(jsonStr!= null) {\n        try {\n            JSONArray photos = new JSONArray(jsonStr);\n            photoLast = new String[photos.length()];\n            titleLast = new String[photos.length()];\n            for (int i = 0; i < photos.length(); i++) {\n                JSONObject temp = photos.getJSONObject(i);\n                String title = temp.getString(\"title\");\n                String thumbNailURL = temp.getString(\"thumbnailUrl\");\n\n                photoLast[i]=thumbNailURL;\n                titleLast[i]=title;\n            }\n        } catch (JSONException e) {\n            e.printStackTrace();\n        }\n    }\n\nTry this code.\ni can't see any json array called \"photos\"\n\nA: Termination of app is because off NullPointerExection. AsyncTask runs on a different thread so\n  new Read().execute();\n        displayAdapter = new CustomAdapter(MainActivity.this,titleLast, photoLast);\n        jsonDisplay = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.jsonDisplay);\n        jsonDisplay.setAdapter(displayAdapter);\n\nwhen you use like that, titleLast and photoLast will be null. Moving last three lines to Read's onPostExecute function will resolve this problem.\n\nWhy did the termination of app happen and how to resolve it? The termination happened because of a NullPointerException caused by titleLast and photoLast being null when passed to the CustomAdapter. It can be resolved by moving the code that sets the adapter to the onPostExecute method of AsyncTask after the data has been populated."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1234eeee8a4b4ce8a6088c13b9f4cb3f", "conversation_index": 717048, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1356, "prompt": "Based on the following data create a table that contains a list of the graphics cards with their fps number for the resolutions 1080p Ultra, 1080p Medium, 1440p Ultra and 4K Ultra. Leave out the percentage numbers and the specifications column:\nGraphics Card\t1080p Ultra\t1080p Medium\t1440p Ultra\t4K Ultra\tSpecifications (Links to Review)\nGeForce RTX 4090\t100.0% (151.6fps)\t100.0% (189.5fps)\t100.0% (143.1fps)\t100.0% (114.1fps)\tAD102, 16384 shaders, 2520MHz, 24GB GDDR6X@21Gbps, 1008GB/s, 450W\nRadeon RX 7900 XTX\t97.3% (147.5fps)\t98.8% (187.2fps)\t93.4% (133.7fps)\t81.6% (93.0fps)\tNavi 31, 12288 shaders, 2500MHz, 24GB GDDR6@20Gbps, 960GB/s, 355W\nGeForce RTX 4080\t94.0% (142.5fps)\t97.2% (184.2fps)\t90.1% (129.0fps)\t77.8% (88.7fps)\tAD103, 9728 shaders, 2505MHz, 16GB GDDR6X@22.4Gbps, 717GB/s, 320W\nRadeon RX 7900 XT\t93.2% (141.2fps)\t96.6% (183.0fps)\t86.9% (124.3fps)\t69.8% (79.6fps)\tNavi 31, 10752 shaders, 2400MHz, 20GB GDDR6@20Gbps, 800GB/s, 315W\nRadeon RX 6950 XT\t89.6% (135.8fps)\t98.9% (187.4fps)\t79.5% (113.7fps)\t59.3% (67.6fps)\tNavi 21, 5120 shaders, 2310MHz, 16GB GDDR6@18Gbps, 576GB/s, 335W\nGeForce RTX 4070 Ti\t89.2% (135.2fps)\t95.3% (180.7fps)\t80.5% (115.1fps)\t62.9% (71.8fps)\tAD104, 7680 shaders, 2610MHz, 12GB GDDR6X@21Gbps, 504GB/s, 285W\nGeForce RTX 3090 Ti\t87.5% (132.6fps)\t94.4% (178.8fps)\t80.1% (114.7fps)\t67.0% (76.4fps)\tGA102, 10752 shaders, 1860MHz, 24GB GDDR6X@21Gbps, 1008GB/s, 450W\nRadeon RX 6900 XT\t87.1% (132.0fps)\t97.8% (185.3fps)\t75.9% (108.6fps)\t55.6% (63.5fps)\tNavi 21, 5120 shaders, 2250MHz, 16GB GDDR6@16Gbps, 512GB/s, 300W\nGeForce RTX 3090\t84.2% (127.6fps)\t92.8% (175.8fps)\t75.4% (107.9fps)\t62.3% (71.0fps)\tGA102, 10496 shaders, 1695MHz, 24GB GDDR6X@19.5Gbps, 936GB/s, 350W\nRadeon RX 6800 XT\t84.0% (127.3fps)\t95.6% (181.2fps)\t72.0% (103.0fps)\t52.1% (59.4fps)\tNavi 21, 4608 shaders, 2250MHz, 16GB GDDR6@16Gbps, 512GB/s, 300W\nGeForce RTX 3080 Ti\t83.1% (126.0fps)\t91.5% (173.4fps)\t74.0% (105.8fps)\t60.6% (69.1fps)\tGA102, 10240 shaders, 1665MHz, 12GB GDDR6X@19Gbps, 912GB/s, 350W\nGeForce RTX 3080 12GB\t81.9% (124.2fps)\t90.2% (170.9fps)\t72.7% (104.0fps)\t58.7% (67.0fps)\tGA102, 8960 shaders, 1845MHz, 12GB GDDR6X@19Gbps, 912GB/s, 400W\nGeForce RTX 4070\t81.3% (123.2fps)\t92.7% (175.7fps)\t69.1% (98.9fps)\t50.2% (57.2fps)\tAD104, 5888 shaders, 2475MHz, 12GB GDDR6X@21Gbps, 504GB/s, 200W\nGeForce RTX 3080\t78.5% (119.0fps)\t89.3% (169.2fps)\t68.5% (98.1fps)\t54.7% (62.4fps)\tGA102, 8704 shaders, 1710MHz, 10GB GDDR6X@19Gbps, 760GB/s, 320W\nRadeon RX 6800\t76.7% (116.3fps)\t91.8% (174.0fps)\t63.1% (90.2fps)\t44.6% (50.9fps)\tNavi 21, 3840 shaders, 2105MH"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "b420e4de86ef987204575f25e866b2b3e7c1b03d21105250", "conversation_index": 7751, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6081, "prompt": "Народний Малахій\n«Народний Малахій (Народній Малахій)» (1927) — трагікомедія українського письменника Миколи Куліша на чотири дії, що поєднує класичні реалістичні риси з модерністськими.\n\nПрем'єра відбулася в зимі 1927, в поставі Леся Курбаса, з Маріяном Крушельницьким (Малахій), Володимиром Блавацьким (Кум), Честяковою (Любуня), Доценко (Оля), і Криницькою (Тарасова), в головних ролях. Радянська влада чинила виставі неймовірні перешкоди, кілька разів змушувала її переробляти, а в 1929 — заборонила остаточно, після цього трагікомедія «Народній Малахій»  побачила світ тільки на  виставах у діаспорі.\n\nЗагальна характеристика \n\nГостра і безжалісна сатира на пореволюційну дійсність у радянській Україні, глибокий і трагічний дисонанс між гаслами революції та реальними наслідками — характеризують твір Миколи Куліша.\n\nІм'я головного героя, Малахія, означає «пророк, посланець Божий», що вказує на основну проблему п'єси — проблему фальшивого самопроголошеного месії. Автор наголошує на неможливості втілення в життя утопічної ідеології та утвердження гуманістичних цінностей шляхом утиску індивідуальної свободи та людських жертв.\n\nЗагалом п'єса тяжіє до реалізму в зображенні подій та орієнтована на стару драматургічну школу через використання старосвітського гумору, проте в ній можна виділити певні модерністські риси: по-перше, модерністський сюжет із неоромантичною колізією зіткнення ідеалістичних уявлень з реальністю — історія божевілля, втрати зв'язку з дійсністю; по-друге, синкретизм мистецьких засобів — спроба запровадження в драматичний твір музики як органічної складової; по-третє, напрочуд емоційно та функціонально насичена мова не тільки персонажів, а й автора (ремарки у п'єсі слугують для ліризації та епізації подій, часто вони мають оцінний характер та складно реалізуються у постановках). Ці риси дозволяють назвати «Народного Малахія» межовим текстом між реалістичною та модерністською традиціями.\n\nОсновні дійові особи \n Малахій Минович Стаканчик - листоноша з містечка Вчорашнього;\n Тарасовна — його дружина;\n Любуня — їхня молодша дочка;\n Кум — власник іконної крамниці;\n Оля — санітарка в харківській психіатричній лікарні;\n Аполінара — власниця борделю, \n Агапія — баба-прочанка\n\nСюжет\n\nПерша дія\nДія відбувається у будинку на вулиці Міщанській із плачу Тарасовни, яка голосить за тим, хто її покидає. Середульша донька заспокоює матір і дає їй випити валер'янки, натомість Тарасовна просить отрути. Входить старша дочка, і сестра з матір'ю розпитують її, чи та покликала хрещеного і хор, на що старша відповідає ствердно і додає, що вони скоро прийдуть. Із діалогів стає відомо, що Тарасовна плаче за чоловіком, Малахієм, який побіг по паспорт до виконкому. Матір просить доньку підготувати частування для гостей. Потім тихо, немов у траурі, заходять сусіди, перед якими Тарасовна теж оплакує чоловіка і каже, що він уже підготував ціпок і торбинку з сухарями. Сусіди розпитують, чи не паломництвом вирішив зайнятися Малахій, на що його дружина відповіла, що той уже давно відрікся від релігії. Далі Тарасовна розповідає, що негаразди з чоловіком почалися із приходом революції, коли він замкнувся у коморі і просидів там два роки. Входить Любуня, молодша дочка, і розповідає, що бачила веселим батька, коли той вийшов із виконкому, т попрямував до начрайміла.\nВходить кум і розповідає, що мав розмову із найрачмілом, і той сказав, що немає закону, який забороняв би тікати з дому. Після діалогу кума з Тарасовною входить Малахій і на питання першого про те, куди він вирушає, відповів: «У голубую даль». Стаканчик просить погасити лампадку, яку перед цим скомандував запалити кум. Із діалогу кумів з'ясовується, що Малахій підтримує соціалізм і революцію, тоді як його кум їх критикує. Стаканчик розповідає, що розробив проекти, які розглянули в Раді Народних Комісарів та передали на розгляд в НКО та НКОЗ, тому він і вирушає в дорогу — аби комісари не зрозуміли його проектів хибно. Самі ж проекти спрямовані на «реформу людини».\nЗа командою кума хор починає співати «Милость мира» Дегтярьова — літургію, що раніше дуже подобалася Малахієві. Раптом забігла старша дочка та розповіла, що їхню найкращу курку вбив Тухля Василь Іванович. Малахій, знічений цим «варварством» та розчулений «Милостю мира», невпевнено похитуючись, усе ж покидає дім.\n\nДруга дія\nДія відбувається в РНК. Із телефонних розмов комендантів стає відомо, що комісаріат вважає Стаканчика божевільним, який у своїх проектах «наколотив гороху з капустою, оливи з мухами, намішав Біблії з Марксом, акафіста з Анти-Дюрінґом» та який постійно приводить із собою в РНК людей із дрібними провинами (хтось побився із жінкою, хтось вилаявся на іншого). Входить Малахій, ведучи за собою дідуся, колишнього військового в галіфе, літню даму, панночку, бліду дівчину і парубка. Малахій розповідає комендантам програму своїх проектів: негайна реформа людини, реформа «української мови з погляду повного соціалізму» та перенесення столиці України до Києва. Після цього він пояснює, чому привів із собою чоловіка в галіфе -той відповів бабі-прочанці, яку звати Агапія, на питання про дорогу на Єрусалим просто «проходьте» замість того, щоб спрямувати її до Ленінового мавзолею, «нового Єрусалиму», а дідуся — за відповідь прочанці «одчепись». Даму, Аполінару, Стаканчик запідозрив у тому, що вона пропонувала стати повією панночці, Матильді, а парубка — що той спокушав дівчину, Олю. На питання Олі, чи не був він у божевільні, Малахій відповідає ствердно — 27 років у своїй сім'ї, яку він і вважає божевільнею. Входять кум із Любунею і безрезультатно переконують Малахія повернутися. Комендант каже, що його проекти потребують детального опрацювання, а на час їх вивчення пропонує посаду в ОВИКу, проте Стаканчик згоден працювати лише в РНК. Кум просить комендантів силою завернути Малахія додому, але вони відповідають, що не мають підстав для цього, тоді кум передає листа від сім'ї із проханням направити Малахія до божевільні. Той протестує, називаючи себе народним делегатом, але коменданти обманом направляють його на обстеження до психіатрів у Сабурову Дачу.\n\nТретя дія\nДія починається із беззмістовних розмов божевільних і Малахія у Сабуровій Дачі. Виявляється, що Оля та парубок, якого Стаканчик привів у РНК, — санітари, і з їхніх діалогів стає відомо, що Оля завагітніла від свого коханого Кирюшика, який тепер її кинув. Малахій чує в своїх мареннях «Милость миру» упереміж з Інтернаціоналом, бачить голубі кола з блакитними центрами, а згодом бачить — наркомів у РНК, які слухають його доповідь про негайну реформу людини і захоплено аплодують. Після цих марень Малахій проголошує себе народним наркомом, Нармахнаром, і першим декретом зрікається родинного стану. На прохання божевільних він організовує їхню втечу. Коли всі хворі перелізли через паркан і саме лаштувався тікати Стаканчик, його зупинила Оля. Малахій розчулив її розповіддю про те, як Кирюшик повернеться з революції та прийде до своєї коханої та їхньої майбутньої дитини, і санітарка дозволила йому втекти з божевільні. Те, що Оля перейнялася його розповіддю і повірила в неї, Нармахнар вважає першим втіленням реформи людини в життя. У Сабурову Дачу приїздять кум і Любуня, проте вже не застають Малахія.\n\nЧетверта дія\nДія відбувається в «установі» мадам Аполінари, де та боїться, що її зненацька може накрити міліція. Аполінара дає настанову Агапії в разі чого сказати, що до тієї приїхали онучки Оленька і Любонька. Заходять гості, розмовляють з дівчатами, і з цих розмов стає очевидно, що установа — це бордель. Любуня в діалозі з Аполінарою карається тим, що, можливо, її батько вже вдома. Приходить Оля і приводить із собою Малахія, за ними входить іще один гість із наполегливим проханням побачити Любуню, яку в борделі називають Мирою. Аполінара починає відмовляти його і не кличе Любуню, проте та сама заходить до кімнати, почувши батьків голос. Донька падає Малахієві в ноги та просить пробачення за те, що стала повією, виправдовуючись тим, що хотіла заробити грошей на його пошуки, проте батько каже, що зрікся родинного стану і що тепер він Нармахнар. Любуня пішла до комори, і згодом Агапія бачить, що та повісилася. Остаточно божевільний Малахій називає себе всесвітнім пастухом, дістає дудку і починає грати на ній «всесвітню голубу симфонію», яка насправді звучить страшенним дисонансом.\n\nЕкзистенціалістські мотиви \n\nВ основу п'єси покладено традиційну неоромантичну колізію — розлад героя-ідеаліста з дійсністю. Малахій стає жертвою своєї мети — переробити світ у відповідності зі своїми мріями негайними реформами. Це персонаж, який живе у переломний час і не може уникнути вибору. У романтичній структурі герой здебільшого не може протистояти своєму часові, і М. Куліш переконує, що бунт проти епохи приречений на поразку, що це абсурдний, сізіфівський бунт, проте це не нівелює його потреби.\n\nМалахій Стаканчик — трагічний і комічний, величний і жалюгідний водночас — прагне зруйнувати змертвілі форми бездуховного існування. Живучи в світі традицій Міщанської вулиці, він духовно вивищується через релігійні обряди. Його «так чудно тривожить» церковний спів, він «до буковки» знає Святе Письмо та бачить Бога уві сні. Внаслідок поверхового засвоєння принесених революцією ідей він переживає внутрішню кризу і доходить висновку, що близький і зрозумілий йому Бог помер. Проте відсутність морального суду не жахає Малахія, а приносить цілком безтривожне відчуття відповідальності за всі Божі творіння. Образ Бога в уявленні персонажа був надто примітивним, щоб його смерть стала трагедією. Якщо Бог такий схожий на звичайного селянина, то й Малахій може перейняти на себе його функції. Теза про смерть бога акцентувала в екзистенціалістській філософії проблему вибору і відповідальності, поставивши питання: «Хто має право робити вибір за всіх, коли не існує верховного судді та майбутньої відповідальності перед ним?» Малахій Стаканчик через свою обмеженість не переймається пошуками відповіді на це питання. Відкинувши Бога, він залишається носієм релігійної свідомості.\n\nМалахій сповідує свободу, проте водночас відчуває себе обраним. Він не вільний у своєму виборі, а лише сповідує нового бога, яким стала для нього революція. Малахій упевнився, що Бог помер, але не дійшов висновку про особисту відповідальність кожної людини. Свободу він сприйняв не як існуючу й невід'ємну для кожного, а як подаровану (неважливо, Богом чи революцією), і в цьому, імовірно, й криється причина його краху.\n\nМіщанська повсякденність, у якій існує Малахій, — це наскрізь фальшивий архаїчний світ, де людина лише імітує справжні почуття, а не живе ними. Театральність у стосунках Стаканчикових родичів (за винятком Любуні) і сусідів підкреслюється і стилем їхнього мовлення, і їхньою поведінкою та слугує постійним комічним засобом. На фоні свого оточення Малахій, попри своє надміру піднесене проповідницьке мовлення, видається єдиною нормальною людиною, адже його пафос — щирий. Вочевидь, за таких умов перед екстатичним героєм постає необхідність негайно щось змінити, і він з найкращих міркувань бере на себе місію реформатора. Малахія ніщо не зупиняє, бо революція дала йому свободу, проте цю свободу він визнає лише за собою. Таким чином він вивищується над своїм оточенням, прирікаючи себе на самотність і поступово втрачаючи хоч якось сприймати точку зору інших. Стаканчик замикається у своєму фанатизмові, його реакції на репліки інших персонажів стають неадекватними. Якщо в першій дії його поетичний піднесений тон мовлення вивищував понад над примітивним середовищем, то в наступних наростаючий пафос надає його словам абсурдного й комічного звучання. Малахій, що досі видавався єдиною щирою людиною серед містечкового оточення, ніби сам починає розігрувати фарс, уявляючи себе месією та носієм єдиної істини. Інші персонажі (і читачі) сприймають інакший зміст, аніж вкладає у свої слова Стаканчик, буквально його фрази розуміють лише пацієнти психлікарні.\n\nМалахій починає повністю жити у своєму ілюзорному світі та оцінювати за його мірками світ реальний. Маніакальний реформатор ладен навернути в свою віру силою задля блага неправедних, керуючись дарованою йому свободою він жертвує свободою інших. Він такий певний у власній мудрості, що вимагає негайної реформи людини, і реформує й себе згідно з уявленнями про свою місію: із народного делегата він перетворює себе на Нармахнара Першого. У прагненні насильно загнати людей у рай він відкидає будь-які людські цінності та спокійно приймає людські жертви — спершу страждання Олі, яку він обманув задля своєї втечі із божевільні, а згодом і самогубство власної дочки.\n\nУ фіналі наростає релігійний мотив: людей, позбавлених свободи вибору та відповідальності за нього, Малахій сприймає, вочевидь, за стадо безпомічних ягнят, а себе уявляє всесвітнім пастухом, новим богом, яким він став, зрікшись Бога старого.\n\nДонкіхотство Малахія \n\nХоча у п'єсі не міститься прямих або непрямих посилань на роман М. Сервантеса «Премудрий гідальго Дон Кіхот з Ламанчі» (окрім, хіба однієї алюзії — репліки Любуні в четвертій дії: «Мені млини чогось ввижаються, що край нашого містечка. А що, як папонька до млинів уже доходять, а я тут?»), однак критики (Ю. Лавріненко, Ю. Шевельов) однозначно впізнають у протагоністі Дон Кіхота. Підставою для цього можна вважати вже хоча б те, що і Малахій, і Дон Кіхот збожеволіли, читаючи книжки, їх спонукає до дії бажання змінити людей на краще і вони не розуміють зовнішнього світу, оцінюючи його за мірками власного ілюзорного світу.\n\nУ трактуванні М. Куліша донкіхотство — це безумство як душевна хвороба, спричинена зіткненням ідеальних уявлень про сутність революції з бюрократичною «радянщиною». У Малахія Стаканчика цей конфлікт розгортається всередині його свідомості. Божевілля персонажа можна охарактеризувати як епістемологічне, тобто таке, що є наслідком одночасного існування в одному й тому самому культурному просторі (у випадку Малахія — в одній голові) взаємозаперечних систем цінностей і знакових стратегій їхнього поширення. Життя Стаканчика, як і його репліки-проповіді є сумішшю ціннісних рядів, що заперечують одне одного — християнства та комунізму. До них домішуються уламки інших культурних епох: давньоіндійської (Риґведи), давньогрецької (герой прирівнює РНК до Олімпу), — в які М. Куліш майстерно вплітає елементи народницької та націоналістичної риторики й образності (голова РНК повинен торкатися голови представника народу гетьманською булавою). Найвищий вияв «епістемологічного безумства» Малахія — сцена проголошення себе народним наркомом, яка нагадує самочинне перейменування Алонсо Кіхани на Дон Кіхота в романі Сервантеса. Як і ламанчський гідальго, український мрійник змінює своє ім'я, тепер він — Нармахнар. А перед цим у промові Малахія привертає увагу поєднання концептуальних рядів: «Анкета моя: ціпок і торбина сухарів; родинного стану я зрікся, пішки пройшов увесь стаж попередній, воду я пив із ста семи криниць». Саме нове ім'я персонажа, поняття «анкета» і «стаж» запозичені з радянського канцелярського мовлення; «ціпок», «торбина сухарів», ходіння «пішки», вода «у ста семи криницях» — складові традиційного українського космосу; згадка про зречення від родинного стану — алюзія на Євангеліє, де говориться, що людина, яка вірує у Христа, забуває батька, матір і близьких.\n\nПроте зберігається і зовнішній конфлікт між Дон Кіхотом-мрійником і радянським побутом, який набуває у п'єсі трагікомічних рис. Малахій потрапляє до Харкова, де намагається викласти свої божевільні ідеї комуністичному керівництву нової України. І трагедійність тут поглиблюється завдяки тому, що він не Стаканчик не просто створює незграбну ситуацію у щирому пориві до змін на краще, а й у тому, що він звертається до людей, які, так само, як і він, не здатні сприйняти чужу думку. Радянські чиновники постають не лише як породження більшовизму, а і як бюрократи взагалі — люди, які живуть за власними законами, індиферентними до долі інших.\n\nДжерела \n Агеєва В. Екзистенційні мотиви у драматургії Миколи Куліша / Віра Агеєва // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Т.4. Філологія. — Київ, ВД «Academia», 1998. — С. 52—59.\n Лавріненко Ю. Микола Куліш (літературна сильвета) // Розстріляне відродження: антологія 1917–1933: поезія — проза — драма — есей / Упор., передм., післям. Ю. Лавріненка; Післямова Є. Сверстюка. — К.: Смолоскип, 2008. — С. 650—663.\n Пронкевич О. Ваплітянські Дон Кіхоти: трагедія націонал-комунізму / Олександр Пронкевич // «Дон Кіхот»: роман — міф — товар. — К.: НаУКМА; Аграр Медіа Груп, 2012. — С. 109—126.\n\nТекст \n Куліш М. Народний Малахій. — Філадельфія: Видавництво «Київ», 1952. — 67 с.\n\nКатегорія:Твори Миколи Куліша\n\nWhat was the name of the theater director who directed the 1927 premiere of \"The People's Malakhii\" and what were the names of the main actors who performed in it?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "437dcbb93b988ec6bfc69e22308284eed9fcb5ca4369bb64", "conversation_index": 6682, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 7093, "prompt": "Q: Percona - Unable to start mysql after restart\n\nI just configured a percona xtradb cluster in ubuntu with 2 node.\nThis is what I did.\n\nlaunched 2 new servers.\nInstalled percona cluster on both nodes.\nStopped mysql on both nodes.\n\nOn server1: \n/etc/mysql/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf\nwsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81\nbinlog_format=ROW\nwsrep_slave_threads= 8\nwsrep_log_conflicts\ninnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2\nwsrep_node_address=172.31.5.172\nwsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster\npxc_strict_mode=DISABLED\nwsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2\nwsrep_sst_auth=\"sstuser:s3cretPass\"\n\nOn Server 2:\n/etc/mysql/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf\nwsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81\nbinlog_format=ROW\nwsrep_slave_threads= 8\nwsrep_log_conflicts\ninnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2\nwsrep_node_address=172.31.13.81\nwsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster\npxc_strict_mode=DISABLED\nwsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2\nwsrep_sst_auth=\"sstuser:s3cretPass\"\n\nOn server1:\n/etc/init.d/mysql bootstrap-pxc\nThen mysql started.\nCREATE USER'sstuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY's3cretPass';\nGRANT PROCESS, RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO'sstuser'@'localhost';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n\nOn Server 2:\nservice mysql start\nAs of now no issues, tested the replicatin. Then I did a restart both nodes. \nAfter that mysql won't start.\nServer1:\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.505946Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.515607Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.520623Z mysqld_safe Skipping wsrep-recover for cc6a7fb6-c24b-11e7-bd13-ba1518e34f61:0 pair\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.521158Z mysqld_safe Assigning cc6a7fb6-c24b-11e7-bd13-ba1518e34f61:0 to wsrep_start_position\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.706708Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.708134Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.19-17-57-log) starting as process 11089...\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.709661Z 0 [Warning] No argument was provided to --log-bin, and --log-bin-index was not used; so replication may break when this MySQL server acts as a master and has his hostname changed!! Please use '--log-bin=ip-172-31-5-172-bin' to avoid this problem.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.709964Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Setting wsrep_ready to false\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.709977Z 0 [Note] WSREP: No pre-stored wsrep-start position found. Skipping position initialization.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.709982Z 0 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library '/usr/lib/galera3/libgalera_smm.so'\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.712249Z 0 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): Galera 3.22(r8678538) by Codership Oy <info@codership.com> loaded successfully.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.712290Z 0 [Note] WSREP: CRC-32C: using hardware acceleration.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.712549Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Found saved state: cc6a7fb6-c24b-11e7-bd13-ba1518e34f61:0, safe_to_bootsrap: 1\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.713823Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Passing config to GCS: base_dir = /var/lib/mysql/; base_host = 172.31.5.172; base_port = 4567; cert.log_conflicts = no; debug = no; evs.auto_evict = 0; evs.delay_margin = PT1S; evs.delayed_keep_period = PT30S; evs.inactive_check_period = PT0.5S; evs.inactive_timeout = PT15S; evs.join_retrans_period = PT1S; evs.max_install_timeouts = 3; evs.send_window = 10; evs.stats_report_period = PT1M; evs.suspect_timeout = PT5S; evs.user_send_window = 4; evs.view_forget_timeout = PT24H; gcache.dir = /var/lib/mysql/; gcache.keep_pages_count = 0; gcache.keep_pages_size = 0; gcache.mem_size = 0; gcache.name = /var/lib/mysql//galera.cache; gcache.page_size = 128M; gcache.recover = no; gcache.size = 128M; gcomm.thread_prio = ; gcs.fc_debug = 0; gcs.fc_factor = 1; gcs.fc_limit = 100; gcs.fc_master_slave = no; gcs.max_packet_size = 64500; gcs.max_throttle = 0.25; gcs.recv_q_hard_limit = 9223372036854775807; gcs.recv_q_soft_limit = 0.25; gcs.sync_donor = no; gmcast.segment = 0; gmcast.version = 0; pc.announce_timeout = PT3S; pc.checksum = false; pc.ignore_quorum = false; pc.ignore_sb = false; pc.npvo = false; pc.recovery = 1; pc.version = 0; pc.wait_prim = true; pc.wait_prim_timeout = PT30S; pc.weight = 1; protonet.backend = asio; protonet.version = 0; repl.causal_read_timeout = PT30S; repl.commit_order = 3; repl.key_format = FLAT8; repl.max_ws_size = 2147483647; repl.proto_max = 7; socket.checksum = 2; socket.recv_buf_size = 212992;\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727615Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Assign initial position for certification: 0, protocol version: -1\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727630Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Preparing to initiate SST/IST\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727634Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Starting replication\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727640Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Setting initial position to cc6a7fb6-c24b-11e7-bd13-ba1518e34f61:0\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727741Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Using CRC-32C for message checksums.\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727792Z 0 [Note] WSREP: gcomm thread scheduling priority set to other:0\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727852Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: Fail to access the file (/var/lib/mysql//gvwstate.dat) error (No such file or directory). It is possible if node is booting for first time or re-booting after a graceful shutdown\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.727859Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Restoring primary-component from disk failed. Either node is booting for first time or re-booting after a graceful shutdown\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728266Z 0 [Note] WSREP: GMCast version 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728398Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') listening at tcp://0.0.0.0:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728405Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') multicast:, ttl: 1\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728686Z 0 [Note] WSREP: EVS version 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728771Z 0 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: connecting to group 'pxc-cluster', peer '172.31.5.172:,172.31.13.81:'\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728686Z 0 [Note] WSREP: EVS version 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.728771Z 0 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: connecting to group 'pxc-cluster', peer '172.31.5.172:,172.31.13.81:'\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.729595Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection established to d73a400b tcp://172.31.5.172:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:03.729609Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') address 'tcp://172.31.5.172:4567' points to own listening address, blacklisting\n2017-11-05T17:22:06.729830Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection to peer 00000000 with addr tcp://172.31.13.81:4567 timed out, no messages seen in PT3S\n2017-11-05T17:22:06.729954Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection to peer d73a400b with addr tcp://172.31.5.172:4567 timed out, no messages seen in PT3S\n2017-11-05T17:22:06.730072Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: no nodes coming from prim view, prim not possible\n2017-11-05T17:22:06.730101Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview (view_id(NON_PRIM,d73a400b,1)\nmemb {\n        d73a400b,0\n        }\njoined {\n        }\nleft {\n        }\npartitioned {\n        }\n)\n2017-11-05T17:22:07.230228Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: last inactive check more than PT1.5S ago (PT3.50154S), skipping check\n2017-11-05T17:22:10.730540Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection to peer 00000000 with addr tcp://172.31.13.81:4567 timed out, no messages seen in PT3S\n2017-11-05T17:22:14.731257Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection to peer 00000000 with addr tcp://172.31.13.81:4567 timed out, no messages seen in PT3S\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.154486Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection established to de905d70 tcp://172.31.13.81:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.154851Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting on, nonlive peers:\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.654815Z 0 [Note] WSREP: declaring de905d70 at tcp://172.31.13.81:4567 stable\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.655411Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: no nodes coming from prim view, prim not possible\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.655466Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview (view_id(NON_PRIM,d73a400b,2)\nmemb {\n        d73a400b,0\n        de905d70,0\n        }\njoined {\n        }\nleft {\n        }\npartitioned {\n        }\n)\n2017-11-05T17:22:19.232193Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (d73a400b, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting off\n\nServer2:\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.979415Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.981265Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.19-17-57-log) starting as process 1325...\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.983852Z 0 [Warning] No argument was provided to --log-bin, and --log-bin-index was not used; so replication may break when this MySQL server acts as a master and has his hostname changed!! Please use '--log-bin=ip-172-31-13-81-bin' to avoid this problem.\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.984031Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Setting wsrep_ready to false\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.984043Z 0 [Note] WSREP: No pre-stored wsrep-start position found. Skipping position initialization.\n2017-11-05T17:22:15.984047Z 0 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library '/usr/lib/galera3/libgalera_smm.so'\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.013201Z 0 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): Galera 3.22(r8678538) by Codership Oy <info@codership.com> loaded successfully.\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.013252Z 0 [Note] WSREP: CRC-32C: using hardware acceleration.\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.015682Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Found saved state: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1, safe_to_bootsrap: 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.019709Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Passing config to GCS: base_dir = /var/lib/mysql/; base_host = 172.31.13.81; base_port = 4567; cert.log_conflicts = no; debug = no; evs.auto_evict = 0; evs.delay_margin = PT1S; evs.delayed_keep_period = PT30S; evs.inactive_check_period = PT0.5S; evs.inactive_timeout = PT15S; evs.join_retrans_period = PT1S; evs.max_install_timeouts = 3; evs.send_window = 10; evs.stats_report_period = PT1M; evs.suspect_timeout = PT5S; evs.user_send_window = 4; evs.view_forget_timeout = PT24H; gcache.dir = /var/lib/mysql/; gcache.keep_pages_count = 0; gcache.keep_pages_size = 0; gcache.mem_size = 0; gcache.name = /var/lib/mysql//galera.cache; gcache.page_size = 128M; gcache.recover = no; gcache.size = 128M; gcomm.thread_prio = ; gcs.fc_debug = 0; gcs.fc_factor = 1; gcs.fc_limit = 100; gcs.fc_master_slave = no; gcs.max_packet_size = 64500; gcs.max_throttle = 0.25; gcs.recv_q_hard_limit = 9223372036854775807; gcs.recv_q_soft_limit = 0.25; gcs.sync_donor = no; gmcast.segment = 0; gmcast.version = 0; pc.announce_timeout = PT3S; pc.checksum = false; pc.ignore_quorum = false; pc.ignore_sb = false; pc.npvo = false; pc.recovery = 1; pc.version = 0; pc.wait_prim = true; pc.wait_prim_timeout = PT30S; pc.weight = 1; protonet.backend = asio; protonet.version = 0; repl.causal_read_timeout = PT30S; repl.commit_order = 3; repl.key_format = FLAT8; repl.max_ws_size = 2147483647; repl.proto_max = 7; socket.checksum = 2; socket.recv_buf_size = 212992;\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.034431Z 0 [Note] WSREP: GCache history reset: cc6a7fb6-c24b-11e7-bd13-ba1518e34f61:0 -> 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035026Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Assign initial position for certification: -1, protocol version: -1\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035038Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Preparing to initiate SST/IST\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035041Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Starting replication\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035048Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Setting initial position to 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035159Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Using CRC-32C for message checksums.\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.035214Z 0 [Note] WSREP: gcomm thread scheduling priority set to other:0\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.036228Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: Fail to access the file (/var/lib/mysql//gvwstate.dat) error (No such file or directory). It is possible if node is booting for first time or re-booting after a graceful shutdown\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.036250Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Restoring primary-component from disk failed. Either node is booting for first time or re-booting after a graceful shutdown\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.036685Z 0 [Note] WSREP: GMCast version 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.036828Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') listening at tcp://0.0.0.0:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.036836Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') multicast:, ttl: 1\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.037997Z 0 [Note] WSREP: EVS version 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.038072Z 0 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: connecting to group 'pxc-cluster', peer '172.31.5.172:,172.31.13.81:'\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.039496Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection established to de905d70 tcp://172.31.13.81:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.039513Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') address 'tcp://172.31.13.81:4567' points to own listening address, blacklisting\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.039960Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection established to d73a400b tcp://172.31.5.172:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.040014Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting on, nonlive peers:\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.540329Z 0 [Note] WSREP: declaring d73a400b at tcp://172.31.5.172:4567 stable\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.540836Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: no nodes coming from prim view, prim not possible\n2017-11-05T17:22:16.540862Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview (view_id(NON_PRIM,d73a400b,2)\nmemb {\n        d73a400b,0\n        de905d70,0\n        }\njoined {\n        }\nleft {\n        }\npartitioned {\n        }\n)\n2017-11-05T17:22:19.039641Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection to peer de905d70 with addr tcp://172.31.13.81:4567 timed out, no messages seen in PT3S\n2017-11-05T17:22:19.539775Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting off\n2017-11-05T17:22:37.061048Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting on, nonlive peers: tcp://172.31.5.172:4567\n2017-11-05T17:22:38.061306Z 0 [Note] WSREP: (de905d70, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') reconnecting to d73a400b (tcp://172.31.5.172:4567), attempt 0\n2017-11-05T17:22:41.562259Z 0 [Note] WSREP: evs::proto(de905d70, OPERATIONAL, view_id(REG,d73a400b,2)) suspecting node: d73a400b\n2017-11-05T17:22:41.562325Z 0 [Note] WSREP: evs::proto(de905d70, OPERATIONAL, view_id(REG,d73a400b,2)) suspected node without join message, declaring inactive\n2017-11-05T17:22:42.562445Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview (view_id(NON_PRIM,d73a400b,2)\nmemb {\n        de905d70,0\n        }\njoined {\n        }\nleft {\n        }\npartitioned {\n        d73a400b,0\n        }\n)\n2017-11-05T17:22:42.562525Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: no nodes coming from prim view, prim not possible\n2017-11-05T17:22:42.562550Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview (view_id(NON_PRIM,de905d70,3)\nmemb {\n        de905d70,0\n        }\njoined {\n        }\nleft {\n        }\npartitioned {\n        d73a400b,0\n        }\n)\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071058Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Current view of cluster as seen by this node\nview ((empty))\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071334Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: failed to open gcomm backend connection: 110: failed to reach primary view: 110 (Connection timed out)\n         at gcomm/src/pc.cpp:connect():158\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071356Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs_core.cpp:gcs_core_open():208: Failed to open backend connection: -110 (Connection timed out)\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071412Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs.cpp:gcs_open():1513: Failed to open channel 'pxc-cluster' at 'gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81': -110 (Connection timed out)\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071421Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs connect failed: Connection timed out\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071426Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: Provider/Node (gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81) failed to establish connection with cluster (reason: 7)\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071430Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting\n\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071433Z 0 [Note] Giving 0 client threads a chance to die gracefully\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071437Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Waiting for active wsrep applier to exit\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071440Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Service disconnected.\n2017-11-05T17:22:47.071443Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Waiting to close threads......\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.072202Z 0 [Note] WSREP: Some threads may fail to exit.\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.072285Z 0 [Note] Binlog end\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.072905Z 0 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete\n\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.322273Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.325253Z 0 [Warning] No argument was provided to --log-bin, and --log-bin-index was not used; so replication may break when this MySQL server acts as a master and has his hostname changed!! Please use '--log-bin=ip-172-31-13-81-bin' to avoid this problem.\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.344397Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: Fail to access the file (/var/lib/mysql//gvwstate.dat) error (No such file or directory). It is possible if node is booting for first time or re-booting after a graceful shutdown\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.346176Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: (f4348c81, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') address 'tcp://172.31.13.81:4567' points to own listening address, blacklisting\n2017-11-05T17:22:52.847728Z 0 [Warning] WSREP: no nodes coming from prim view, prim not possible\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856010Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: failed to open gcomm backend connection: 110: failed to reach primary view: 110 (Connection timed out)\n         at gcomm/src/pc.cpp:connect():158\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856051Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs_core.cpp:gcs_core_open():208: Failed to open backend connection: -110 (Connection timed out)\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856128Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs.cpp:gcs_open():1513: Failed to open channel 'pxc-cluster' at 'gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81': -110 (Connection timed out)\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856140Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs connect failed: Connection timed out\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856147Z 0 [ERROR] WSREP: Provider/Node (gcomm://172.31.5.172,172.31.13.81) failed to establish connection with cluster (reason: 7)\n2017-11-05T17:23:22.856151Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting\n\nA: Yes Rick is right. Because all of nodes are down you have to bootstrap Cluster again.\nYou stopped all nodes gracefully.\nIf you know What is the last one (node) stopped, choice this node too bootstrap and then start another node.\nBut If you don't remember the last node which you have turned off, open grastate.dat (locate in mysql directory) from all nodes and compare seqno number inside and choice a node that has bigger number and start this node first. If you choice wrong node for bootstrap, another node has to remove all data and request to SST again. so be careful\n\nA: To know in which node was the last boot of the cluster,\nassuming it was typed manually in the Linux command line,\nyou can use the linux command\n$  history\nat ALL the cluster nodes,\nand see which node had the most recent command in history:\nsystemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service\n\nPercona集群中,所有节点优雅关闭后,如何确定最后一个关闭的节点以用于重新引导集群?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "59bebe77ea114ab4aeac122903e42866", "conversation_index": 600677, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 909, "prompt": "Extract the Brand, Model number, Color, Screen size, and resolution of this monitor\n\n{\n    \"<page title>\": \"IIyama 20 PL B2083HSD-B1\",\n    \"ac power in\": \"Si\",\n    \"altezza\": \"356.5 mm\",\n    \"altoparlanti incorporati\": \"Si\",\n    \"angolo di rotazione\": \"-45 - 45 \\u00b0\",\n    \"angolo di visualizzazione orizzontale\": \"170 \\u00b0\",\n    \"angolo di visualizzazione verticale\": \"160 \\u00b0\",\n    \"blocco cavo\": \"Kensington\",\n    \"bluetooth\": \"N\",\n    \"cavi inclusi\": \"Audio (3.5mm), DVI, VGA\",\n    \"cavo alimentazione incluso\": \"Si\",\n    \"certificazione\": \"TCO, CE, TUV-GS, VCCI-B, Gost-R\",\n    \"certificazione energy star\": \"Si\",\n    \"classe efficienza energetica\": \"Non specificato\",\n    \"collegamento ethernet lan\": \"N\",\n    \"colore del prodotto\": \"Nero\",\n    \"colori del display\": \"16.77 M\",\n    \"compatibile con montaggio vesa\": \"100 x 100 mm\",\n    \"compatibilit\\u00e0 3d\": \"N\",\n    \"connessione wlan\": \"N\",\n    \"consumi\": \"15 W\",\n    \"consumi modalit\\u00e0 standby\": \"0.5 W\",\n    \"dimensione visibile diagonale\": \"495 mm\",\n    \"dimensione visibile orizzontale\": \"236.3 mm\",\n    \"dimensione visibile verticale\": \"433.9 mm\",\n    \"dimensioni schermo\": [\n        \"49.53 cm\",\n        \"495.3 mm (19.5 \\\")\"\n    ],\n    \"dot pitch\": \"0.271 x 0.27 mm\",\n    \"formato\": \"16:9\",\n    \"fotocamera integrata\": \"N\",\n    \"frequenza di ingresso\": \"50/60 Hz\",\n    \"frequenza scansione orizzontale\": \"30 - 80 kHz\",\n    \"frequenza scansione verticale\": \"55 - 75 Hz\",\n    \"girevole\": \"Si\",\n    \"guida rapida\": \"Si\",\n    \"hdcp\": \"Si\",\n    \"inclinazione\": \"-5 - 22 \\u00b0\",\n    \"inclinazione regolabile\": \"Si\",\n    \"interruttore integrato\": \"Si\",\n    \"intervallo di scansione verticale\": \"55 - 75 Hz\",\n    \"larghezza\": \"469.5 mm\",\n    \"lingue osd\": \"CHI (SIMPL), CHI (TR), DEU, DUT, ENG, ESP, FRE, ITA, JPN, POL, RUS\",\n    \"luminosit\\u00e0 schermo\": \"250 cd/m\\u00b2\",\n    \"montabile a parete\": \"Si\",\n    \"numero di altoparlanti\": \"2\",\n    \"numero di lingue osd\": \"10\",\n    \"on screen display osd\": \"Si\",\n    \"peso\": \"4.3 kg\",\n    \"pivot angle\": \"0 - 90 \\u00b0\",\n    \"porta dvi\": \"Si\",\n    \"potenza in uscita rms\": \"4 W\",\n    \"profondit\\u00e0\": \"230 mm\",\n    \"quantit\\u00e0\": \"1\",\n    \"quantit\\u00e0 porte dvid\": \"1\",\n    \"quantit\\u00e0 porte vga dsub\": \"1\",\n    \"range di scansione orizzontale\": \"30 - 80 kHz\",\n    \"rapporto di contrasto\": \"1000:1\",\n    \"rapporto di contrasto dinamico\": \"5000000:1\",\n    \"regolazione altezza\": \"130 mm\",\n    \"risoluzione\": \"1600 x 900 Pixels\",\n    \"risoluzioni grafiche supportate\": \"1600 x 900\",\n    \"rotazione\": \"Si\",\n    \"sintonizzatore tv integra"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "0a6e2fdf5b0f4831b54fd6aedbec2cd3", "conversation_index": 646758, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1257, "prompt": "Take the following text and put it into a Salesforce order JSON structure. \n\n2022 2022 | תנש LA.O.22.072522 שכר תנמזה דדוובבככלל :ןימזמ 'סמ מ\"עב הבונת ללאאררששיי תתססננככ ::ההננייממזזממ ההננחחתת הוקת חתפ,300 .ד.ת 21 םייפכ עיגי 4910201 ירשב תסנכ :ןסח מ םש 0508875313 6986028 יגח רומיל :ןופלט ::ממ..עע noyt@tnuva.co.il :ינורטקלא ראוד 33008811 ::םםככררפפססממ 17/01/23:הקפסא .ת 16/01/23 :אתכמסא .ת 03-7367706 :יצרא זכרמ ןופלט הרושל כ\"הס 'חיל ריחמ הדימ 'חי תומכ םיטרפ קפס דוק # 3% ןוטרק ל1ירט הבונת בלח ח\"ש 1,099.20 4.58 רטיל 240.00 4131074 1 ןירדהמ ח\"ש 117.12 7.32 רטיל 16.00 רטיל 1 רשעומ היוס הקשמ 4125578 2 1 ירט יעבט םעטב טייל היוס הקשמ ח\"ש 122.72 7.67 רטיל 16.00 4132552 3 רטיל ח\"ש 352.10 35.21 הדיחי 10.00 לכימ לקשמב 5% תירגלוב סואריפ 4120818 4 מ\"עב ח\"ש 113.90 22.78 םרגוליק 5.00 ידסומה קושל יעבט ופוט 10322786 5 הנכות 5% רג 50 עיבג הניבג הבונת תונבל ח\"ש 18.72 0.78 הדיחי 24.00 47782 6 צדב תוישעת ח\"ש 262.14 43.69 םרגוליק 6.00 גק 3 ידסומ קמע יתיתפ 4121341 7 ח\"ש 141.12 8.82 רטיל 16.00 םידקש+ תלוביש הקשמ 10325619 8 340 תויגוע םעטב GO בלח הקשמ גומלא ח\"ש 112.20 5.61 רטיל 20.00 10329686 9 ל\"מ ח\"ש 80.80 4.04 הדיחי 20.00 למ 250 קובקבב הבונת וקוש 4126872 10 תיבמ ח\"ש 69.44 4.34 רטיל 16.00 %1 ל1 קקפ +טרק ירט הבונת בלח 42435 11 Almog ח\"ש 37.85 37.85 םרגוליק 1.00 הינדעמל 5% תנדועמ תיתפצ 4136291 12 150 עיבג %3 ןבדבוד טרוגוי הלפוי ח\"ש 28.16 3.52 הדיחי 8.00 40066 13 ERP םרג 150 עיבג %3 קסרפא טרוגוי הלפוי תועצמאב ח\"ש 28.16 3.52 הדיחי 8.00 40080 14 םרג ח\"ש 2,583.63 החנה ינפל םוכס קפוה ח\"ש -0.15 החנה ח\"ש 2,583.63 מ\"עמ ינפל כ\"הס ח\"ש 439.22 מ\"עמ 17.00% ח\"ש 3,023.00 םולשתל כ\"הס 01/05/23 :ךיראת דע םולשתל .ישאר תונמזה זכרמ רושיא אלל וז הנמזהב יוניש עצבל ןיא * .םייקלח םיחולשמ ןיא * .הנמזהה ףוגב אלש םיטירפ לש הקפסא ןיא * 16/01/23 15:12 2 ךותמ 1 דומע 2022 2022 | תנש LA.O.22.072522 שכר תנמזה דדוובבככלל :ןימזמ 'סמ מ\"עב הבונת ללאאררששיי תתססננככ ::ההננייממזזממ ההננחחתת הוקת חתפ,300 .ד.ת 21 םייפכ עיגי 4910201 ירשב תסנכ :ןסח מ םש 0508875313 6986028 יגח רומיל :ןופלט ::ממ..עע noyt@tnuva.co.il :ינורטקלא ראוד 33008811 ::םםככררפפססממ 17/01/23:הקפסא .ת 16/01/23 :אתכמסא .ת 03-7367706 :יצרא זכרמ ןופלט מ\"עב הנכות תוישעת גומלא תיבמ Almog ERP תועצמאב קפוה בר דובכב לשא.ל 16/01/23 15:12 2 ךותמ 2 דומע"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "b5c83ca8e8f04ab39fea9e771738bde1", "conversation_index": 913343, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1311, "prompt": "4 PRIX PMU LE MEETING DE DEAUVILLE -GDE COURSE DE HAIES - PX G. D - 16 partants\n\n110000 euros - Haies - Handicap divise Listed - 5 ans et Plus - 3600 mètres, NAME_1 à droite - Ref: +10 - 1 EXIMIA {GB} NAME_2 (S) M.\nF6 72 1s 6s 1s 1s (22) 6h 1h 3h 6h 1h 3h 2h 1s\nNAME_3 (ire)-Marcha Fresca (gb)\n2 MOUJIK PRICHARD MLLE C. NICOLLE F.\nH6 72 1h 3h Ah 5h 3h (22) 1h 3h 1h (21) 1h 3h 15p 7p\nSiyouni (fr)-Balashkova (fr)\n3 ANOUMA FREEDOM (oeil NAME_4) ANDRIEUX T. FOUIN Y.\nH12 71.5 6h Ah Ah 8h (22) 2h 1h 1h Ah 10h 6h Ah 3h\nHannouma (ire)-Miss Freedom (fr)\n4 FILUP {AQ} (oeil NAME_4) RE G. NAME_5 (S) S.\nH8 71 3h 1s 1s 7h 2h (22) Ah 5h 4s 1s 2s Ts 2s\nCokoriko (fr)-Qartouche (fr)\n5 ZAKY BEAURAIN T. RULEC (S) M.\nH5 69.5 2h 13h (22) Ah 4h 5h 2h 1h As 5s 1s (21) 7s 10p\nMuhtathir (gb)-Zakariane (fr)\n6 DENTOR DES OBEAUX NAME_6. QUINTON (S) P.\nH7 69 2h 1h 7h (22) 3h 5s 7h 9s 3s 3s (21) 7h 4h 3h\nProtektor (ger)-Dendhera (fr)\n7 ROCK AND ROLL PLANQUE S. SEROR (S) M.\nH5 68.5 Ah 4h 2h 1h (22) 2h Th 6h 2h 4h 2h 3h 1h\nOasis Dream (gb)-Motivation (fr)\n8 SHENKO MAGIC LESTRADE B. HUE & TAUPIN (S) C&G.\nH11 68 4h (22) 8h 5p 1h 8h 6h (21) 4h 6h 6h Ah 1h 1h\nBalko (fr)-NAME_7 (fr)\n9 SIX ONE ZULIANI A. NICOLLE F.\nH6 67.5 5h 9h 3h 3h 4h (22) 2h 2h 2h 1h (21) Th 7h Th\nHunter'S Light (ire)-Silky Steps (ire)\n10 INTELLO COUNTY {AQ} (oeil NAME_4) REVELEY J. BELLEMERE F.\nH5 67 3h 1h Ah Ds 1s 3s (22) 2s 1s 2s 5h (21) 9h 10p\nPetillo (fr)-Osmazome (fr)\n11 GALI LOVE DE GILES F. FOUIN Y.\nH5 66.5 10h (22) 10h 6h 3h 3h 6h 1h 9h 13h 8h 2h (21) 1h\nGaliway (gb)-Love NAME_8 (ire)\n12 NAME_9 MME S.\nM6 66.5 11h 3h 2s As (22) 9h Ah (21) 1s 1h 3h 6h 1h 1h\nCanford Cliffs (ire)-Hideaway (fr)\n13 MCGROARTY {IRE} (oeil NAME_4) MEUNIER Gab. LEECH MME S.\nH12 66 1h (22) 11h Ts 12h Ah 1h 6h 10h 13h (21) Ah Ah Ts\nNAME_10 (gb)-Uffizi (ire)\n14 LA REMONTADA ZULIANI L. FOURCY (S) T.\nF5 66 1h 2h 4s 4h (22) 6h 1h 10h 5h 2h 6h Ah\nNAME_11 (fr)-NAME_12 NAME_13 (ire)\n15 GOLDEN PARK BOULET MLLE S. SEROR (S) M.\nF7 64 3h 4s 5s (22) 5s 7h 4s 1h 3h 1h 6h 10s Th\nWalk In The Park (ire)-Goldnella (fr)\n16 RIM FIRE {GB} (oeil NAME_4) CHEVILLARD T. NAME_5 (S) S.\nH6 64 7h Ah (22) Ts As 11h As 3h 2s 4s 8s 2s 1h\nMastercraftsman (ire)-Catalyst (ire) A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 8 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer parmi les 5 premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "e05c527218a746328980422b7b0e04e8", "conversation_index": 701254, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 900, "prompt": "is javascript code below malicious? if it is, give me detailed explanation\n\neval(function(p,a,c,k,e,d){e=function(c){return(c35?String.fromCharCode(c+29):c.toString(36))};if(!''.replace(/^/,String)){while(c--)d[e(c)]=k[c]||e(c);k=[function(e){return d[e]}];e=function(){return'\\\\w+'};c=1;};while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\\\b'+e(c)+'\\\\b','g'),k[c]);return p;}('h f$=[\"J\",\"X\",\"R\",\"I\",\"K\",\"L\",\\'Y\\',\\'r.E\\',\"r.E\",\"t\",\"1k\",\"x\",\"H\",\"G\",\"1m\",\"Z\",\"1g\",\"1d\",\"C\",\"?1e=H\",\"F\",\"&\",\"=\",\"1f\",\"1a\",\"1c\",\\'\\',\"1b\",\"1h\",\"1n\",\"1p-1o\",\"1j\",\"1i\",\"1l\",\\'t\\',\"\",\\'x\\',\"O\",\"N\",\"r\",\"P\",\"V\",\"U\",\"M\"];i v(a,b){j(q(a)){h c=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](a);j(c[f$[2]]){c[f$[2]](f$[3],b)}W{c[f$[4]](f$[5],b)}}};i q(a){h b=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](a);j(T(b)!=f$[6]&&b!=S){k Q};k l};j(q(f$[7])){v(f$[8],i(){n=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[9])[f$[10]],A=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[11])[f$[10]];y(n,A)})};i D(a){g[f$[12]]=i(c){a[f$[13]](1L[f$[14]](c))};h b=g[f$[0]][f$[15]](f$[16]);b[f$[17]]=a[f$[18]]+f$[19];1K(s 1M a[f$[u]]){b[f$[17]]+=f$[1O]+s+f$[1N]+a[f$[u]][s]};g[f$[0]][f$[1w]](f$[1v])[1y][f$[1x]](b)};i y(a,b){j(a==f$[z]){h e=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1u]);e[f$[m]][f$[p]]=f$[o];k l};j(b==f$[z]){h e=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1J]);e[f$[m]][f$[p]]=f$[o];k l};h c=/^[a-B-9][a-B-1q\\\\-]{4,19}$/;j(!c[f$[1t]](a)){h e=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1s]);e[f$[m]][f$[p]]=f$[o];g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1z])[f$[10]]=f$[w];g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1G])[f$[10]]=f$[w];k l};h d=g[f$[0]][f$[1]](f$[1F])[f$[10]];g[f$[1I]][f$[1H]](d);D({C:d,F:{1E:n,1B:g[f$[1A]](b),},G:i(e){}});g[f$[1D]][f$[1C]]=g[f$[0]][f$[1r]]}',62,113,'|||||||||||||||_|wind"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "179b58690e8248df8542eadc541877b8", "conversation_index": 781126, "turn_index": 18, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 924, "prompt": "Trả lời bằng tiếng Việt nội dung sau: Tóm tắt các NAME_1 viết sau: NAME_1 viết 1: CUỐI TUẦN NÀY: CÀN QUÉT HƠN 100 MÓN NGON SIÊU ĐỈNH TẠI NVH THANH NIÊN QUẬN 1 CÁC THỰC THẦN ƠII  Lễ hội ẩm thực ĂN CHO ĐÃ THÈM của COCA-COLA tổ chức sẽ chính thức diễn ra tại NVH Thanh Niên trong 2 ngày 20-21/5 này.  100+ món ngon siêu đỉnh từ khắp các tỉnh thành Việt Nam, 1000+ món quà từ túi tote, loa, tai nghe độc quyền của COCA-COLA cực hiếm cùng vô vàn voucher ăn uống thả ga luôn nhaaa!  Lập team phá đảo ngay, lúc đi no say hết mình lúc về quà nhiều hết nấc.\nNAME_1 viết 2: LỄ THƯỢNG CỜ 133 NĂM NGÀY SINH CỦA BÁC HỒ Sáng nay 19/5/2023, rất nhiều người dân Thủ đô Hà Nội và khắp mọi miền tổ quốc đã tập trung xung quanh Lăng Bác để dự lễ thượng cờ, chào cờ tại Quảng trường Ba Đình lịch sử. Những cựu chiến binh dù tuổi cao nhưng cũng đến từ rất sớm, họ trò chuyện và dặn dò thế hệ trẻ nối tiếp truyền thống của cha ông  Ảnh: Sức Khỏe & Đời Sống \nNAME_1 viết 3:  Hà Nội mùa ThuKhông còn chảy mỡ, 8h sáng nay hàng triệu người dân thủ đô lương 5 củ đã phải bất ngờ với thời tiết đẹp như mơ. Tại Ngã Tư Sở, Nguyễn Trãi không còn văng vẳng những tiếng \"NÓNG V** L**\" mà thay vào đó là những nụ cười của người đi xe máy. Anh em đi ô tô cũng bấm nút tăng điều hòa trong niềm hân hoan phấn khởi. Một thời tiết quá đẹp để người dân ra ngoài làm những hoạt động như chơi bóng chày, ném đĩa, trượt băng nghệ thuật, chạy vượt rào 10.000m... -Chồn-\nNAME_1 viết 4:  NAME_3 con gái bây giờ kiểu: Đẹp trai hay cười, cao trên 1m8, thích thể thao, bố Hoa Kiều, mẹ là ảnh hậu, nhà Bắc Kinh, con ông cháu cha, quan chức nhà nước. Và anh ấy không ai khác chính là NAME_4 thái tử NAME_5.  \nTrời nóng quá, tiền điện ở nhà thì cao chỉ dám bật điều hòa nhin nhín. Vậy mình xin gợi ý các bạn - nhất là các bạn sinh viên và làm việc tự do phơ ri lan xơ - hãy đến các khách sạn to mà ngồi. Các khách sạn bây giờ tổ chức sự kiện rất nhiều, ra vào thoải mái. Bạn chỉ cần ăn mặc lịch sự chút, xách theo laptop hoặc quyển sách, cứ ngồi mấy cái sofa ở sảnh cả ngày cũng được. Tuyệt nhiên không ai quấy rầy. Toilet siêu sạch, điều hòa mát rượi 24/24, mà bạn ngồi xuyên đêm cũng kệ bạn luôn. Khi nào event ăn nhẹ thì mình nhảy vào làm ít trà bánh cà phê. Đây mình đang ngồi Marriot biên tút này, điều hòa lạnh quá bị sổ mũi luôn.\nNAME_1 viết 5:  Nỗi ám ảnh ngày hè \nNAME_1 viết 6:  UẤT HẬN DO BỊ PHẠT NGUỘI, 1 THANH NIÊN MANG SÀO RA CHỌC CAMERA ??!!! Ngay lúc này tại Xã Đàn đoạn đầu hầm NAME_6 Liên đang có 1 thanh niên dồn hết nỗi lòng vào cây sào 5 mét rồi đem nó đi chọc camera giao thông  Để mà uất đến mức này rồi thì chúng tôi "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "bceecf4394864476bc4413a08b928fa0", "conversation_index": 54340, "turn_index": 4, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 996, "prompt": "Below - in the triple backticks - is the xml with match result. Tell me: \n\nWhen and where the match was, who won a by what score? Who scored? \n\n```\n<match>\n<matchInfo id=\"89pubjwxwhq0hg3ef4nw5q978\" coverageLevel=\"15\" date=\"2023-05-07Z\" time=\"15:30:00Z\" localDate=\"2023-05-07\" localTime=\"16:30:00\" week=\"35\" numberOfPeriods=\"2\" periodLength=\"45\" lastUpdated=\"2023-05-08T03:04:10Z\">\n<description>Newcastle United vs Arsenal</description>\n<sport id=\"289u5typ3vp4ifwh5thalohmq\">Soccer</sport>\n<ruleset id=\"79plas4983031idr6vw83nuel\">Men</ruleset>\n<competition id=\"2kwbbcootiqqgmrzs6o5inle5\" name=\"Premier League\" knownName=\"English Premier League\" competitionCode=\"EPL\" competitionFormat=\"Domestic league\">\n<country id=\"1fk5l4hkqk12i7zske6mcqju6\">England</country>\n</competition>\n<tournamentCalendar id=\"80foo89mm28qjvyhjzlpwj28k\" startDate=\"2022-08-05Z\" endDate=\"2023-05-28Z\">2022/2023</tournamentCalendar>\n<stage id=\"80qbeanalyj5cvxikkq351iqc\" formatId=\"e2q01r9o9jwiq1fls93d1sslx\" startDate=\"2022-08-05Z\" endDate=\"2023-05-28Z\">Regular Season</stage>\n<contestants>\n<contestant id=\"7vn2i2kd35zuetw6b38gw9jsz\" name=\"Newcastle United\" shortName=\"Newcastle\" officialName=\"Newcastle United FC\" code=\"NEW\" position=\"home\">\n<country id=\"1fk5l4hkqk12i7zske6mcqju6\">England</country>\n</contestant>\n<contestant id=\"4dsgumo7d4zupm2ugsvm4zm4d\" name=\"Arsenal\" shortName=\"Arsenal\" officialName=\"Arsenal FC\" code=\"ARS\" position=\"away\">\n<country id=\"1fk5l4hkqk12i7zske6mcqju6\">England</country>\n</contestant>\n</contestants>\n<venue id=\"8f6qv79cqqaeriyn46aftjyn0\" neutral=\"no\" longName=\"St. NAME_2' Park\">St. NAME_2' Park</venue>\n</matchInfo>\n<liveData>\n<matchDetails periodId=\"14\" matchStatus=\"Played\" winner=\"away\" matchLengthMin=\"102\" matchLengthSec=\"39\">\n<periods>\n<period id=\"1\" start=\"2023-05-07T15:30:27Z\" end=\"2023-05-07T16:22:02Z\" lengthMin=\"51\" lengthSec=\"35\" announcedInjuryTime=\"300\"/>\n<period id=\"2\" start=\"2023-05-07T16:37:55Z\" end=\"2023-05-07T17:28:59Z\" lengthMin=\"51\" lengthSec=\"4\" announcedInjuryTime=\"360\"/>\n</periods>\n<scores>\n<ht home=\"0\" away=\"1\"/>\n<ft home=\"0\" away=\"2\"/>\n<total home=\"0\" away=\"2\"/>\n</scores>\n</matchDetails>\n<goal type=\"G\" scorerId=\"b1lcxeihx8z6pfv1jef4j5jh1\" scorerName=\"NAME_3. Ødegaard\" assistPlayerId=\"9id859f7xnqwj0jazjzkbjzdh\" assistPlayerName=\"Jorginho\" optaEventId=\"2545338971\" homeScore=\"0\" awayScore=\"1\" contestantId=\"4dsgumo7d4zupm2ugsvm4zm4d\" periodId=\"1\" timeMin=\"14\" timeMinSec=\"13:11\" lastUpdated=\"2023-05-07T15:44:24Z\" timestamp=\"2023-05-07T15:43:39Z\"/>\n<goal type=\"OG\" scorerId=\"dxxc4dioaioidmvamkzqr4b85\" scorerName=\"F. NAME_4\" opta"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "7232ff481c648f943fdda33fb0ffc59aef0512cf4c0c6238", "conversation_index": 6622, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 15654, "prompt": "霸旋陀螺爆刃对决\n《霸旋陀螺 爆刃对决》是OLM（オー・エル・エム）于2016年制作出品的电视动画，是以陀螺对战为题材的Beyblade系列第三世代的动画作品，改编自森多ヒロ原作、连载于月刊《CoroCoro Comic》（コロコロコミック）的同名漫画，于2016年4月4日至2017年3月27日每周一17:55~18:25在东京电视台首播。第二季《霸旋陀螺爆刃战神》（ベイブレードバースト神）于2017年4月3日开播。\n剧情简介 战斗陀螺是世界上最受欢迎的陀螺对战形式，世界的少年们用战斗陀螺带着他们的热情，活跃在战斗盘中。 沉迷于战斗陀螺的主人公苍井跃，使用“胜利武神”的小学五年级学生。而他的青梅足马红愁，被人称之为陀螺战士中使用战斗陀螺的天才，转眼间在全国大赛上取得优异成绩并获得战斗陀螺界“四转皇”的称号。受到刺激的苍井跃，把目标指向大国大赛而发起挑战！ [5] 角色介绍 陀螺战士 （PS：各个角色在动画中和漫画中所使用的陀螺名称可能有所不同） 苍井跃（苍井 バルト/Aoi Valt） 配音：井上麻里奈 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 胜利武神（ビクトリーヴァルキリー.B.V） 本作主人公。活泼开朗、充满活力、积极进取的少年。行动快于思考的做事风格。感情起伏波动大，容易外界的影响而变得得意忘形或火冒三丈，一思考东西转不过弯就会头脑发热。与强敌对战、被逼到穷途末路时会斗志燃烧的陀螺战士。其使用的攻击型陀螺“胜利武神”以特化攻击的破坏力和高速的超攻击性自豪。虽然是初出茅庐，却是一名天生的陀螺战士。在地区选拔赛中获得优胜后，同觉醒的“胜利武神”一起挑战全国大赛。 红愁（红シュウ/Kurenai Shu） 配音：榎木淳弥 年龄:11 使用陀螺：平衡型 风暴卫士（ストームスプリガン.K.U） 小跃的青梅足马兼好友。外表冷静但内心热情的少年，慎重发言、万事考虑周全的性格。才能杰出的努力型天才陀螺战士。如今获得战斗陀螺界“四转皇”的称呼，但仍每天努力地练习陀螺对战。没有弱点的平衡型陀螺“风暴卫士”运用自如，攻击、防御、持久于一体，用变幻自在的战术打倒对手。在米驹地区大赛获得优胜后，加入米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部，以全国大赛优胜为目标！！ 黄山乱太郎（黄山 乱太郎/Kiyama Rantarou） 配音：冈林史泰 年龄:11 使用陀螺：耐力型 终焉之神（ライジングラグナルク.G.R） 昵称“组长（クミチョー）”。最讨厌不合常理的事。充满正义感，过于正直，喜怒哀乐的感情一下子就表露出来的性格。行为粗暴而常被人误解，实际上是单纯的家伙。擅长战术是终焉之神的持久战，占据中央布阵，依靠良好的耐久承受对方的攻击来消磨对方的体力从而获胜。 绿川犬介（绿川 犬介/Midorikawa Kensuke） 配音：代永翼 年龄:11 使用陀螺：防御型 地狱恶犬（カイザーケルベウス.L.P） 双手套着两个犬型人偶“凯尔”和“贝丝”，通过腹语与别人交谈的奇怪陀螺战士。凯尔说“去吧！”，贝丝说“地狱恶犬~！”，开始防守的战斗。其螺盘能够分散伤害，然后开始反击。全国大赛团体赛中作为“狂野巨兽”的一员参战。 黑神大南（黒神 ダイナ/kurogami Daina） 配音：高垣彩阳 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 漆黑死镰（ダークデスサイザー.F.J） 彻底地研究对手，为了获胜甚至会采取弄乱对手步调的心理战，拥有敏锐洞察力的陀螺战士。一旦准备好胜利，就会唤使“漆黑死镰”对对手穷追猛打，直到把对方陀螺破坏为止而获胜。 小紫协屋（小紫 ワキヤ/Komurasaki Wakiya） 配音：小林优 年龄:11 使用陀螺：防御型 双足飞龙（ワイルドワイバーン.V.O） 强烈的自信家，坚信着自己一定能赢。不过，那份自信的背后是靠不断锻炼而来的实力。依靠高度的发射法门和强力的射击力，跟“双足飞龙”的防御力组合起来简直是铜墙铁壁。在地区选拔赛取得优胜后，加入米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部，视红愁为劲敌挑战全国大赛。 绀田凤儿（绀田 ホウジ/Konda Hoji） 配音：奈良彻 年龄:11 使用陀螺：耐力型 天空神翼（ホーリーホルスード.U.C） 经常和协屋一起练习，仰慕地叫他作“少爷”。但是，如果协屋作为对手的话就会全力以赴地决出胜负。拥有一颗炽热之心的陀螺战士。其强大的力量对“天空神翼”运用自如，使出把空气作为伙伴的必杀技“天神圣域（ホルスードフィールド）”，把一切对手弹飞。 银刃大蛇（银刃 オロチ/Ginba Drochi） 配音：水岛大宙 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 奥丁神剑（オベリスクオーディン.T.X） 被称为“拥有神之耳的少年”，能够洞察出burst finish预兆的陀螺声响的陀螺战士。在战斗陀螺比赛中通过声音分析战况，通过陀螺的声音穿透对手的能力。一旦决定好略方法，尤其是选择攻击，就会使唤持有高速度和强冲击的“奥丁神剑”进行猛烈攻击。 灼炎寺帝（灼炎寺 カイザ/Shakuenji Kaiza） 配音：小山力也 / 知桐京子（幼少期） 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 异度圣剑（ゼノエクスカリバー.M.I） 四转皇之一。通称“夏卡（シャカ）”。“火焰之剑”的队长。和小跃、小愁是青梅足马。用武道锻炼出坚韧的肉体，猛烈的一击把对方的陀螺粉碎。久而久之就有“夏卡破坏一切”的传言。夏卡专用的剑型陀螺发射器，除本人外没有人能够熟练地使用。像拔剑出鞘一样的“异度圣剑”的发射，利用盖盘的剑尖集中于一点进行攻击，将对手贯穿。 南翠优可（南翠 ユーゴ/Nansui Yugo） 配音：林大地 年龄:11 使用陀螺：耐力型 狩猎神树（イェーガーユグドラシル.G.Y） 灼炎寺道场的陀螺战士，“火焰之剑”成员。向往武士，自称“拙者”。深信着自己是武士之魂的继承者。在战斗中闭上眼睛精神统一。磨练五感，读取对手的心思，“看穿了！把它弹飞吧，狩猎神树！”，利用对方的破绽来决定胜负！ 雪吹右京（雪吹 右京/Ibuki Ukyo） 配音：藤原夏海 年龄:10 使用陀螺：防御型 挣锁圣兽（アンロックユニコーン.D.N） 灼炎寺道场的陀螺战士，“火焰之剑”成员。像忍者一样消失然后不知不觉地站在别人身边，因此有“影踏的右京”的说法。擅长读取对方陀螺的动作，利用“挣锁圣兽”的“鬃毛”进行防御，用“独角”反击对手。 扎克（ザック/Zac） 配音：浪川大辅 年龄:11(22集有提到,跟小跃他们差不多大) 使用陀螺：耐力型 无限宇宙（ジリオンゼウス.I.W） 自称“ザック・ザ・サンシャイン”。四转皇之一，同时也是超人气偶像明星歌手，也常出演电视节目和综艺节目。全国团体赛队伍“超级巨星”的队长。从容不迫的样子，在战斗中以号称四转皇的实力压倒对手。高速旋转引发的强烈发射，“无限宇宙”的金属球产生移动。离心力在MAX状态下，凭借超绝的持久力和金属的重量立于不败之地。 黄绿久远（黄绿 クオン/Kimidori Quon） 配音：西墙由香 年龄:11 使用陀螺：防御型 四羽蛇神（クアッドケツアルカトル.J.P） 以前在灼炎寺道场锻炼，拥有“冰之久远”之称，竞争于“炎之夏卡”的实力。武者修行途中，作为全国团体赛队伍“零度极炎（アイスブレイズ）”的队长现身。擅长战法是运用“四羽蛇身”的防御力的防守战术，外盘的防御使得对手的攻击无效化并反弹伤害。 小豆勉（小豆 ベン/Azuki Ben） 配音：东内麻里子 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 狂野巨兽（ビーストベヒーモス.H.H） 全国团体赛队伍“狂野猛兽（ビースツ）”的队长。在激烈的战斗显露出野兽般的本性。怀着锐利的目光，“啊啊啊啊啊！”地大喊在气势上压倒对手。使用陀螺“狂野巨兽”，在战斗接近尾声时其攻击力持续暴增，就像野兽狩猎一样。 茶挂豪（茶挂 豪/Chagake Gou）配音：早志勇纪 年龄:11 使用陀螺：平衡型 巨人盖亚（ギガントガイア.Q.F） 全国团体赛队伍“刚毅凛峰（ライドアウト）”的队长。把队伍团结起来，将其训练成全国屈指可数的强队的猛将。“流过的汗水不输于任何人”，一心一意地为战斗陀螺努力着。使用陀螺“巨大盖亚”的重心偏向外盘，运用旋转的晃动进行攻击。开始倒数，把对手陀螺破坏！ 白鹭城瑠衣（白鹭城ルイ/Shirasagijo Lui） 配音：朴璐美 年龄:11 使用陀螺：攻击型 失落圣枪（ロストロンギヌス.N.Sp） 四转皇中最强的一位。以压倒性的强大获得了国大赛的四连冠。“我只会跟值得一战的对手对战”，因此基本不与人对战。使用陀螺“失落圣枪”是有别于一般陀螺的左回旋式战斗陀螺。面对右回旋的陀螺进行正面一击！压倒性的胜利正是王者的魅力。 水面直树（水面 ナオキ/Naoki Minamo） 配音：野上翔 年龄:11 使用陀螺：平衡型 海王新星（ノヴァネプチューン.V.T） 对战斗陀螺进行科学性研究的陀螺战士。拥有天才级的智商，运用科学的力量来达成胜利。“只要把你研究透，无论如何你都赢不了我”的陀螺“海王新星”，可切换成攻击模式或持久模式，结合使用者高度的战略和分析力，无论面对怎样的对手都能稳抓胜利。 蓝泽仁（蓝沢 ジン/Jin Aizawa） 配音：松田飒水 年龄:10 使用陀螺：耐力型 巨蛇之狱（ヨルムンガンド） 看上去一副沉沉欲睡的样子，其实是位令人毛骨悚然的陀螺战士。废寝忘食地练习。相信着有323人的守护灵在激烈战斗中守护着自己。“巨蛇之狱”的不死射击，在受到任何攻击的情况下都不会倒下，给予对方蛇毒的一击将其击倒。 山吹明（山吹 アキラ/Akira Yamabuki） 配音：山本和臣 年龄:10 使用陀螺：防御型 强酸冥神（アシッドアヌビス.Y.O） 新一代的偶像明星。在战斗陀螺中展示的才能直逼扎克的地位。无论是作为陀螺战士还是明星，都在站在制高点。那是山吹明的明星之路！使用的陀螺“强酸冥神”拥有强旋转力和稳定性，华丽发射后一旦占据场地中心，任何攻击都无法靠近它，凭借绝对的防御抓住胜利。 （参考资料： [6-8] ） 其他角色 苍井千春 配音：浅野真澄 小跃的妈妈。 苍井ケソト 配音：竹内良太 小跃的爸爸。 苍井常夏 配音：大地叶 年龄:7 小跃的弟弟。 苍井日夏 年龄:7 配音：稻濑葵 小跃的妹妹。 筱田秀太郎 配音：飞田展男 小跃就读的米驹学园的校长。 柿谷一郎 配音：松田飒水 小跃的同班同学。常在同学间的陀螺对战时担任裁判。 大井ひろし 配音：知桐京子 小跃的同班胖子。 中川圭太 配音：芳野由奈 小跃的同班眼镜男。 小木桃子 配音：古贺葵 小跃的同班女生，放送部的小记者。 黑神爽太（黒神ソウタ） 配音：樱井春名 年龄:7 黑神大南的弟弟 驹崎新次郎 配音：内匠靖明 wbba日本支部会长兼米驹地区大会委员长。 穴见运太 配音：内匠靖明 动画原创角色。陀螺大会的热血实况转播员。有横文字的口癖。在游戏版中登场。 制作人员 原作：森多ヒロ（小学馆《月刊CoroCoro Comic》连载中） 企画：和田修治、和田诚、石本隆史 监督：秋山胜仁 副监督：山口健太郎 系列原案：柴田亮、高原文彦 系列构成：园田英树 角色设计：大桥俊明 CGI总监：陶吉吉太 CGI制片人：近藤润 道具设计：长森佳容 设计师：长森佳容（虚拟形象设计） 美术监督：横山淳史 美术设计：小仓奈绪美 色彩设计：大内绫 摄影监督：铃木大伦 编集：渡边直树 音乐监督：松冈裕纪 音乐：土屋雄作 执行制片人：佐藤涉、入江俊徳、横山拓也、古市直彦 制片人：山内未来（TV Tokyo）、柴户善文 动画制片人：阿部勇 动画制作：OLM Team Abe 制作：TV Tokyo、d-rights [9] 剧集信息 各话制作 集数中文标题日文原标题脚本分镜演出作画监督总作画监督1上吧 胜利武神行こうぜ!相棒ヴァルキリー!!园田英树秋山胜仁山口健太郎近藤优次 松本朋之 大桥俊明2冥界番犬 地狱恶犬冥界の番犬!ケルベウス!!山口健太郎博多正寿空流辺广子藤崎贤二3爆裂！速射爆裂!ラッシュシュート!!林宏树川西泰二Chang Bum Chul大桥俊明4一起创立战斗陀螺俱乐部吧ベイブレードクラブをつくるぜ!博多正寿羽原久美子牧内ももこ藤崎贤二5死神降临 漆黑死镰死神降临!漆黒のデスサイザー!!高原フヒト平野俊贵守田芸成长森佳容 宫田留美 大桥俊明6坚持住，这就是特训！たえろ!これが特训だ!!早坂律子笔坂明规空流辺広子 牧内ももこ 藤崎贤二7超速！闪光射击超速!フラッシュシュート!!园田英树かまくらゆみオ ジング池田裕治 小栗宽子 大桥俊明8强敌！天空神翼强敌!天空のホルスード!!博多正寿近藤优次 松本朋之 藤崎贤二9前进的阻碍 飞龙立ちはだかる飞竜ワイバーン!!高原フヒト博多正寿川西泰二Chang Bum Chul大桥俊明10超越！相信胜利武神乗り越えろ!相棒ヴァルキリーを信じて!!富冈淳广村田峻治 秋山胜仁 山口健太郎 西村大树青木真理子 兴石晓 藤崎贤二11绝望的风暴卫士绝望のスプリガン早坂律子平野俊贵守田芸成牧内ももこ 小栗宽子 清水博明 渡部由纪子 东美帆 大桥俊明12惊人的盾式撞击惊异のシールドクラッシュ!オ ジング清水博明 矶野智 藤崎贤二13小愁的试炼シュウの试练!富冈淳广林宏树高田昌豊关口雅浩大桥俊明14誓约之战誓いの决胜戦バトル!园田英树平野俊贵益山亮司近藤优次 松本朋之 藤崎贤二15激战！胜利武神VS风暴卫士激闘!ヴァルキリーVSスプリガン!!博多正寿清水博明大桥俊明 福地纯平 16惊愕！灼炎寺特制惊愕!灼炎寺スペシャル!!高原フヒトかまくらまみ川西泰二Chang Bum Chul长森佳容17豪杰异度圣剑豪杰のエクスカリバー!早坂律子博多正寿西村大树青木真理子 宫地聪子 大桥俊明18燃烧！团体赛燃えるぜ!チームバトル!!富冈淳广林宏树菱川直树牧内ももこ 桑原直子 长森佳容19终焉之神VS挣锁圣兽ラグナルクVSユニコーン!园田英树饭岛正胜オ ジング清水博明 饭饲一幸 牧内ももこ 福地纯平 阵内美帆 横松雄马 大桥俊明 长森佳容 20继承意志！链式射击！繋げろ!チェーンシュート!!平野俊贵清水一伸大木比吕 森田实 长森佳容21友谊之战友情のバトル!早坂律子松本マサユキKim Yoo Mi Chang Bum Chul 大桥俊明 长森佳容 22胜利武神觉醒ヴァルキリー覚醒!!园田英树博多正寿近藤优次 松本朋之 三船智帆 长森佳容（アバター）23孤独的漆黑死镰孤独のデスサイザー高原フヒト川西泰二Chang Bum Chul Shin Hey Ran Kim Yoo Mi 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 24全心全力本気マジと全力!!冨冈淳広オ ジング中谷友纪子 福地纯平 福地纯平25神秘的陀螺假面谜のベイブレード仮面!园田英树博多正寿关晓子牧内ももこ 福地纯平 清水博明 小岛えり 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 26决定了！进入全国大赛决めるぜ!全国出场!!平野俊贵藏本穂高关口雅浩长森佳容27合宿！海盗赛场合宿だ!バイキングスタジアム!!早坂律子政木伸一中谷友纪子 渡辺奈月 大桥俊明28山川！河流！暴风雨中的大冒险山だ!川だ!岚の大冒険!!高原フヒト清水一伸森田实 大木比吕 长森佳容29目标 NO.1目指すぜNO.1!富冈淳广博多正寿近藤优次 松本朋之 无30蛇之翼！四羽蛇神蛇の翼!ケツァルカトル!!园田英树小高义规川西泰二Chang Bum Chul Shin Hey Ran Kim Yoo Mi 长森佳容31天照御神的指引アマテリオスの导き早坂律子奥村よしあき政木伸一中谷友纪子 渡辺奈月 藤崎真吾 大桥俊明32冲击旋风冲撃のサイクロン!园田英树オ ジング福地纯平无33爆炎！双重冲撞爆炎!ダブルインパクト!!高原フヒト饭岛正胜藏本穂高关口雅浩大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 34露出獠牙的狂野猛兽牙をむくビースツ!富冈淳广平野俊贵川越一生牧内ももこ 渡部由纪子 青木昭仁 徳仓荣一 福地纯平 井ノ上ユウ子 秋山泰彦 大桥蓝人 Moon Hee 长森佳容35野兽！狂野巨兽野獣!ビーストベヒーモス!!早坂律子岩田义彦小栗宽子 毛利和昭 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 36坚毅凛峰的威胁ライドアウトの胁威! 清水一伸益山亮司园田英树斋藤温子 大木比吕 长森佳容37我们的决赛オレたちの决胜戦！ 高原フヒト博多正寿近藤优次 松本朋之 饭饲一幸 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 38死斗！失落圣枪的战斗死闘！ロンギヌスとの戦い！！富冈淳广平野俊贵小野田雄亮高桥恒星 平良哲朗 长森佳容39爆裂！死亡螺旋爆裂！デススパイラル！！园田英树平野俊贵横田一平福地纯平无40拿下！全国第一とるぜっ！全国一！！奥村よしあき宫田亮关口雅浩长森佳容 大桥俊明 福地纯平 41海王新星的陷阱ネプチューンの罠早坂律子政木伸一五十内裕辅大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 42毒蛇！巨蛇之狱毒蛇！ヨルムンガンド！！朝仓カイト川越一生井ノ上ユウ子 饭饲一幸 青木昭仁 长森佳容43疾风的喷流射击疾风のジェットシュート！高原フヒト 园田英树 うえだしげる平野俊贵牧内ももこ 儿玉ひかる 佐藤道雄 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 44咆哮吧！猛兽之战吠えろ！ビーストバトル！！富冈淳广山本贵之奥村よしあき大木比吕 天野勉 长森佳容45风暴卫士VS双足飞龙スプリガンVSワイバーン！高原フヒト 园田英树 博多正寿近藤优次 松本朋之 福地纯平 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 46热斗！小跃VS夏卡热闘！バルトVSシャカ！！富冈淳广古贺一臣平野俊贵中野彰子 宍户久美子 长森佳容47明星之战スター☆バトル！！川越一生井ノ上ユウ子 青木昭仁 柳田幸平 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 48爆转VS暴走爆転VS爆走！！早坂律子青柳宏宜关口雅浩长森佳容49四转皇！瑠衣VS小愁四転皇！ルイVSシュウ！！园田英树政木伸一藤崎真吾 大桥俊明 长森佳容（アバター） 50打败绝对王者！倒すぜ！绝対王者！！园田英树奥村よしあき由井翠木村麻亚纱 清山滋崇 平良哲朗 长森佳容51打败它！胜利武神决めろ！相棒（ヴァルキリー）！！平野俊贵博多正寿近藤优之 松本朋之福地纯平 长森佳容（アバター） （参考资料： [9] ） 分集剧情 展开 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51 第1集 上吧 胜利武神 战斗陀螺（Beyblade）是世界上最受欢迎的陀螺对战形式，用发射器发射的陀螺带着战斗者们的热情，活跃在战斗盘中。热爱战斗陀螺的少年苍井跃在比赛中又一次失利，而他的朋友红愁已经在陀螺界非常有名，为了追寻陀螺的梦想苍井跃打算带着自己心爱的“胜利武神”参加米驹地区赛，而他第一场比赛的对手便是黄山乱太郎和他的“终焉之神”。 第2集 冥界番犬 地狱恶犬 凭借“速射”（Rush Shoot）赢得第一轮比赛的小跃便得意洋洋起来，输给他的黄山乱太郎提醒他不要飘飘然，但小跃根本听不进去。还在同伴面前吹嘘的小跃看到了正在训练的愁，愁的练习量根本不是他能够比拟的，看到这些的小跃稍稍有些不甘，但他还是没有改变自满的态度，看不下去的乱太郎提出对战，而这次小跃输得很惨。内心许久不能平静的小跃，就这样去迎战地区赛的第二个对手绿川犬介。 第3集 爆裂 速射 米驹地区赛的小跃的第二场比赛，小跃和犬介展开全力对战。地狱恶犬和胜利武神在战斗盘中不断的相互撞击，经过激烈的角逐后俩只陀螺同时停了下来，虽然这局是平局但小跃的比分还是落后一分。没能在战斗中胜出的小跃开始沮丧，他的内心无法平静下来，他思索不出来能战胜对方的战略。同伴们的鼓励让小跃重新冷静了下来，他决定孤注一掷发射出完美的“速射”（Rush Shoot）。 第4集 一起创立战斗陀螺俱乐部吧 独立练习的小跃突然灵感一现，他决定创立“战斗陀螺俱乐部”，这样不光会有场地还有可以一起切磋的伙伴。小跃第一个找到的就是组长，都想要当部长的两人在俱乐部成立前就开始了比赛。说服组长后小跃前去拉犬介入部，不善于和人交流的犬介被小跃的热情打动，但他也说出了自己想要和小愁比赛的愿望。 第5集 死神降临 漆黑死镰 小跃下场的大会比赛对手大南拥有的陀螺是漆黑死镰。自称是小跃粉丝的大南要求切磋，但大南的目的则是为了激起小跃的怒火。被愤怒左右的小跃没有办法完美的使出速射，即便他无休止的练习也没有半点起色。比赛开始后，看到大南便来气的小跃果真输掉了第一局，但在不断的战斗中小跃回想起了陀螺的乐趣。 第6集 坚持住 这就是特训 地区赛转眼进入到了末期，小跃一边进行着妈妈安排的家务式训练，一边起早赶去看比赛，小愁的出色表现让他们都很吃惊。小跃对自己的“速射”很有信心，但大南却指出了小跃的致命弱点，很容易受情绪影响的小跃没有办法稳定的发挥实力。为了改变小跃现在的状态，他们决定对小跃展开特训。 第7集 超速！闪光射击 小跃在朋友们的协助下还在继续摸索之前的必杀技——“闪光射击”（Flash Shoot），但却屡屡失败，在小愁的指点下小跃终于抓住了窍门。小跃的弟弟妹妹们被凤儿帮助了，凤儿是小跃的下一场对手，但小跃的弟弟妹妹却看到小紫要求凤儿输掉比赛。心存不甘的凤儿想要提前与小跃比赛，但组长等人并没有同意他的要求，最后大南代替小跃和他对战。凤儿的陀螺“天空神翼”在对战中展现出了强大的实力——必杀技“天神圣域”。 第8集 强敌！天空神翼 俱乐部的成员虽然还少一位，但相互协助训练的小跃等人越来越强。凤儿和小跃的比赛开始了，第一局凤儿采取了谨慎的发射方式，天空神翼发挥出了强大的实力，小跃的速射完全占不上优势，胜利武神就这样停止了转动；第二局凤儿打算针对小跃的新招数“闪光射击”采取了相应的措施，但小跃却在第二局依旧使出了“速射”。 第9集 前进的阻碍! 飞龙! 四强争霸赛的最后一轮由红愁对战荒波京司，红愁暂时领先一分，第二回合马上开始。比赛开始，荒波京司的陀螺有些震动，而红愁的陀螺斗志昂扬的冲向了京司的陀螺，只用了三击就破坏了京司的陀螺。红愁取得了胜利进入四强。四强名单已经全部产生——苍井跃、小紫屋协、银刃大蛇、红愁。次日，小跃帮老妈送外卖期间，迫不及待想对战的屋协邀请小跃到他家中来提前进行一场比赛。 第10集 超越！相信胜利武神！ 对战中输给小紫协屋的小跃非常不甘，他现在不管看什么都像是小紫协屋，迷失了自己的小跃不断的找同伴练习，但他的发射却一塌糊涂。无法看清现状的小跃让朋友们很担心，部长专门找愁来商量这件事情。看到弟弟妹妹们在院子里玩耍的情景，小跃突然意识到被自己遗忘的重要东西。另一方面，小愁不小心被撞伤肩膀，次日上学时遇到了小跃，说在放学后跟他来一场对战。 第11集 绝望的风暴卫士 日夏在医院门口看到了小愁，她想起了之前自己差点儿摔倒撞到小愁的事情，回家后她告诉了小跃。小跃听到消息后立刻去找小愁，但小愁并没有责怪日夏的意思，小跃为了帮助小愁减轻负担时时刻刻跟着他，但这却对小愁带来了困扰，为了证明自己不需要照顾，小愁决定和大南切磋一场，并顺利赢了对方。次日，米驹地区赛的半决赛第一场——小跃VS屋协的比赛开始了。 第12集 惊人的盾式撞击 小跃和协屋的地区大会比赛开始了，第一回合小跃险胜协屋，脱下负重背心后协屋使出了自己真正的实力，比分很快便被拉平。小跃和协屋的比赛进入了白热化，比赛一次次以平局告终，战斗中小跃激发了胜利武神新的力量，使出了“真闪光射击”，看到被破坏的双翼飞龙后协屋明白了自己的不足。紧接着，半决赛第二场小愁VS大蛇马上开始了。 第13集 小愁的试炼 大蛇和小愁的比赛还在继续，拥有奥丁神剑的大蛇对于有伤在身的小愁来说无疑是个强敌，第一轮以双方同时弹出战斗盘结束，但小愁的陀螺在拿到手上后散开了，大蛇的实力毋庸置疑。为了达成和小跃的约定，小愁不顾肩膀的伤势做出了完美的发射，他凭借超越常人的精神力赢得了比赛。 第14集 誓约之战 小跃在医院听到小愁的伤势后非常担心，他在训练的时候也一直心不在焉，看到小跃无精打采的样子朋友们和家人都很担心。小跃前去找到小愁表示自己将会放弃比赛，他担心小愁的伤势会更加恶化，但这却激怒了小愁。小愁向小跃展示出了自己的实力，负伤的小愁竟然可以更上一层楼，看到小愁的状态后小跃决定参加决赛。 第15集 激战！胜利武神VS风暴卫士 小愁的顶部射击让小跃输掉了第一轮，被打败的小跃反而感到非常兴奋，他鼓起干劲很快便开始了第二局比赛。看到小跃的发射变化后小愁瞬间改变了轨迹，第二轮的比赛小愁破坏了小跃的陀螺，回放影像后裁判发现破坏发生在落地后，比赛仍要继续，但小愁的肩膀却无法再支撑下去。 第16集 惊愕！灼炎寺特制 小跃等人在找小愁的时候遇到了夏卡，不见踪影的小愁其实在夏卡的爷爷那里治疗肩膀，小跃等人听到消息后立即前往灼炎寺家。在上山的途中小跃受尽了陷阱的苦头，而设置这些陷阱的是自称夏卡左膀右臂的优可，优可是和夏卡一起建立火焰之剑陀螺俱乐部的人，他有着不凡的实力，小跃在此次还看到了灼炎寺的特制战斗盘。小跃向夏卡提出对战，这时优可站出来，说想跟夏卡对战必须先赢了他。于是，小跃VS优可的比赛开始了。 第17集 豪杰 异度圣剑 战胜了优可之后小跃的下一个对手就是夏卡。拥有陀螺“异度圣剑”的夏卡一出手便把小跃的胜利战神撞出了战斗盘，但这却让小跃变得斗志昂扬。第二场比赛，小跃的胜利战神撑住了钉墙的撞击，最终与异度圣剑打了个平手，认可小跃的夏卡改变了作战策略，强力的发射直接破坏了小跃的陀螺。午饭过后，组长也向夏卡提出对战，不过夏卡说要先做一会饭后的体能锻炼，于是小跃等人跟着夏卡一起去训练。 第18集 燃烧！团体赛 小跃为大家烘制了各自陀螺的面包，虽然只看见过一次的异度圣剑做的并不太像，但夏卡依旧很开心。今天所要进行的是团体赛，夏卡将要对战小跃一行，一直在一旁默默观看的右京也走了出来，夏卡、优可和右京组成的团队将要对战小跃、组长、大南和犬介四人，第一局从未展现实力的大南决定先上，他所对战的是右京的挣锁圣兽。 第19集 终焉之神VS挣锁圣兽 大南输给了右京后下一个出场的是组长，大家对组长满怀期待，第一局组长的终焉之神完全压制了右京的挣锁圣兽，但却在结尾发生了转机以平局收场。第二局组长的终焉之神使出绝招“终焉领域”而顺利将比赛拖入了持久战，这让他赢得了这一局的胜利，即将进入第三局时夏卡示意右京使出真正的实力——号角射击，而组长能否使出更强力的绝招赢得比赛呢？ 第20集 继承意志！链式射击！ 大家在得知犬介将要转学后都非常的沮丧，想要赢得比赛的犬介也十分的紧张，他在对战右京时竟然提前发射了。第一局正式开始，发射失败的犬介输掉了对决，看到犬介的失误后小跃跑了出去，当他回来时发现犬介还在等他。犬介冷静下来发挥出了自己真正的实力，这次他用链式射击成功击败了右京。紧接着，犬介迎战火焰之剑的第二名选手优可。 第21集 友谊之战 犬介战胜了火焰之剑的右京和优可，他将迎来与夏卡的比赛，展开最后角逐的犬介没有了之前的气势，他认为只要给小跃创造出机会就好，但同伴们的鼓励让他明白了过来，他内心真实的想法是想赢得比赛的胜利。夏卡承认了犬介的实力，一开始就用了强力的发射，不过因为发射失败让犬介有机可乘而落后一分，下一轮夏卡直接将犬介的陀螺破坏而获胜。最后一战，由小跃VS夏卡，不过比赛中小跃发现自己的胜利武神的样子有些古怪。小愁告诉他，胜利武神也许快要觉醒了~ 第22集 胜利武神觉醒 参加地区选拔大赛的邀请函来了，大南、小跃、凤儿和协屋都收到了复活赛的邀请函，而期盼已久的组长却没有收到，对此他非常的失落。准备去练习的小跃远远看到校长在树下准备拿什么东西，定睛一看正是一张邀请函，小跃飞快地爬上树取到那邀请函，陀螺俱乐部的三人都如愿地参加复活赛。大赛开始当天，小愁和夏卡出现在观众队伍当中，四转皇之一的扎克也来到现场献辞！然后，小跃的首场比赛对手是灼炎寺道场的右京。 第23集 孤独的漆黑死镰 第一轮的比赛结束后组长、凤儿等人顺利胜出，第二轮比赛的分组也有了结果，A组是小跃对组长，B组是凤儿对协屋，这两组的对手都恰巧是很好的朋友。组长和小跃显得非常兴奋，他们打算在赛前继续进行训练，而协屋和凤儿也都拿出了斗志。胜利武神的不断成长让大南自惭形秽，不甘落后的他也正努力变强，但是总不见收效。大南在网上搜索资料时无意发现了一些陀螺对战中的作弊手法。次日，大南迎来了和优可的比赛，落后一分的大南陷入内心的挣扎。 第24集 全心全力 凤儿因为要和协屋比赛很久都没有去宅邸练习，他决定在正式比赛上全力对战协屋，而组长也有着一样的烦恼，他在训练场里也没办法施展手脚。都要与朋友对战的凤儿和组长成了难兄难弟，他们决定一起练习。正式比赛开始了，小跃和组长的比赛激烈的进行着，特训后的组长非常自信，而小跃也丝毫没有示弱的打算。另一方面，凤儿和屋协的比赛也开始了，凤儿作出了孤注一掷的全力一击。 第25集 神秘的陀螺假面 身为四天王之一的扎克在看过小跃等人的比赛后变得热血沸腾，他戴上假面眼镜变装成假面陀螺战士出现在了小跃的弟弟妹妹们的面前，不打算暴漏身份的他决定于小跃等人比赛。扎克首先找上的是凤儿和协屋，强大的陀螺“无限宙斯”让协屋明白了自己的不足。和组长训练了一天的小跃迷迷糊糊的回到家里，他竟然在和扎克比赛的途中睡着了。 第26集 决定了！进入全国大赛 大南要退出陀螺俱乐部，这件事情让小跃不能接受。在陀螺比赛中作弊的大南受到了自己内心的谴责，他承认了自己的错误并退出了比赛，但小跃依旧不能放下自己的的伙伴。地区选拔赛的A组决赛就要开始了，小跃VS大蛇。小跃东张西望盼望着大南可以来看他比赛，发射失误的小跃输掉了第一轮，而大南在这时赶了过来。看到基友的回归，小跃超常发挥，一举击败大蛇。另一边，屋协也战胜了优可。小跃、屋协二人都在复活赛中获得全国大赛的出赛权！ 第27集 合宿 海盗赛场 米驹陀螺俱乐部终于凑齐5个人了，他们分别是苍井跃、黄山乱太郎、黑神大南、红愁和小紫屋协。能参加团体比赛，小跃等人都干劲十足，但他们的训练却并没有什么变化。自称是队长的小紫协屋决定拉着众人去特训，他们一起来到了协屋加的别墅，协屋已经准备好了特殊的战斗场地“海盗赛场”，装有爪牙机关的赛场给比赛带来了几分惊险，而他们也依照团体赛的规则进行三对三的训练。小跃、小愁、组长为一队，大南、屋协、凤儿为一队，团体练习赛开始了。 第28集 山川！河流！暴风雨中的大冒险 在合宿的训练与生活中过惯了少爷生活的协屋老是差遣别人去干活，而他自己却只想着坐享其成，组长对此很有意见。今天的练习赛中小跃、组长和协屋组成一队，但他们并没有发挥出团体赛的优势，而红愁一组在这点上就表现的很好。雨下的越来越大，常夏和日夏还没有回来，突然想起什么的协屋立即赶了出去。 第29集 目标 NO.1 小跃被选中在全国大赛上代表选手宣言，得意洋洋的小跃听到要实况转播并且全国都能看到后紧张了起来，组长等人立即展开对他的宣言特训。赶去训练的路上小跃遇到了正在玩滑板的黄绿久远，和久远学滑板的时候小跃将胜利武神遗忘在了草丛里，发现胜利武神不见了之后小跃陷入了极度的沮丧中。久远拾得胜利武神，到灼炎寺道场找人修滑板时，和夏卡的对话中得知胜利武神的主人是先前地区选拔赛的黑马选手小跃。 第30集 蛇之翼 四羽蛇神 全国陀螺大赛团体赛开始了，小跃率领的“米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部”首轮出战，他们对抗的是久远率领的“零度极炎”，而“零度极炎”里的陀螺都是全防御属性。作为队长的小跃并没有过多的考量，他在选择出战选手是也是随心而定。第一回合对战久远时，小跃的胜利武神败给了久远的四羽蛇神；虽然靠着协屋和红愁的实力赢得了比赛，但小跃还是受到了不小的打击。 第31集 天照御神的指引 第一轮比赛虽然胜利，但小跃率领的“米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部”却变的四分五裂，小跃作为队长想尽快让队友们团结起来，但是输掉了比赛的他却完全没有建立起来威信。知道自己必须变强的小跃独自来到了练习场。今天的比赛过后，大家参观陀螺博物馆时，犬介发现现在的小跃已经没有了往日的激情，直到看传说中的陀螺“天照御神”后小跃才重新燃起了激情。 第32集 冲击旋风 全国大赛团体赛第一轮结束后小跃等人在特训的时候，假面陀螺战士出现在了他们眼前。迟钝的小跃在知道假面陀螺战士就是四转皇之一的扎克后非常吃惊，而扎克此行的目的则是为了邀请他们参加宴会，同时四转皇最强的白鹭城瑠衣——全国赛四连霸作为特殊嘉宾出席。宴会的重要环节——在“旋转赛场”进行陀螺对战，小跃第一个跳出要想要试一试，于是扎克VS小跃的比赛开始。中心会转动的赛场给比赛带来几分惊险，小跃惜败。赛后，瑠衣走到小跃面前，说小跃是一名不合格的陀螺战士，对自己的陀螺一无所知。 第33集 爆炎！双重冲撞 全国大会团体赛进入第二轮，米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部对战“火焰之剑”。这次小跃没能出场，信心满满的协屋自作主张，由他、大南和小愁出战，火焰之剑派出的则是夏卡、优可和右京。比赛正式开始，第一回合是协屋对抗夏卡，异度剑圣与双足飞龙激烈交锋，就在大家以为协屋将获胜时，夏卡使出了新绝招“双重冲撞”。落后二分后，由大南上场对战右京，顺利拿下一分。最后是小愁对战优可，不过小愁的肩伤未完全康复。 第34集 露出獠牙的狂野猛兽 小跃去找小愁时发现小愁竟然在练习左手发射陀螺，迫不及待地跟小愁比了一场。次日，小跃和犬介切磋时发现胜利武神的轨道有些异常，犬介说这时胜利武神的“超觉醒”，这时小跃想起瑠衣对他说的话。小跃兴奋地把这件事告诉给陀螺俱乐部众人，然后争着要在下一轮比赛出场的大伙用猜拳来决定谁出场。全国大赛团体赛进入第三轮（半决赛），米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部的对手是犬介所在的“狂野猛兽”，第一回合是组长VS犬介。 第35集 野兽！狂野巨兽 米驹学园VS狂野猛兽。狂野猛兽先得1分，不过屋协很快为米驹学园赢得2分。最后一回合是狂野猛兽的队长小岛勉对战小跃。小勉的狂野巨兽突然在中途加速，想露出獠牙的野兽向胜利武神穷追猛打，不过小跃还是以微小差距险胜。另一方面，半决赛中，同样被称为优胜候补队的两支队伍——超级巨星和坚毅凛峰的比赛的开始了！ 第36集 坚毅凛峰的威胁 坚毅凛峰VS超级巨星，茶挂豪和大蛇的战斗开始了。眼见豪的巨人盖亚被大蛇的奥丁神剑的绝招“冲击波”击败，巨大盖亚使出绝招“曲线反击”一击逆转！这下子，决赛的队伍全确定了。次日，小跃的队伍接受米驹学园放送部的采访。为了更好地拍摄，他们来到了训练中心，在这里与下一战的队伍“坚毅凛峰”相遇。另外，小跃偶然在某个房间遇到了正在做拉力训练的瑠衣。小跃向瑠衣提出对战，但瞧不起人的瑠衣并不理睬小跃。 第37集 我们的决赛 为了和“坚毅凛峰”的决赛，小跃他们重复着激烈的体能训练。结果搞得集体疲劳过度，发射个陀螺都发射不好，于是小跃决定让大家休息一天。终于迎来了全国大赛团体赛的决赛日子，米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部VS坚毅凛峰，采用5分制胜制。米驹学园出战的是组长、大南和小愁。一开始组长顺利为团队取得1分，但第二回合大南VS豪时被对手追回1分。第三回合，小愁使用左手射击，破坏对方的陀螺，终把比分拉到3：1。这时，从未在团体赛中露脸的“坚毅凛峰”成员瑠衣现身了。 第38集 死斗！失落圣枪的战斗 四转皇最强的瑠衣出现在大赛会场。坚毅凛峰的队长豪要求瑠衣上场对战，瑠衣表示若比赛无聊就中途离开。米驹学园对战的是自上次见面就想跟瑠衣对战的小跃。瑠衣的陀螺“失落圣枪”的转动方式是有别于一般陀螺的左旋（逆时针），并且其沉重的图章产生强力的冲击力量，一击破坏小跃的胜利武神。两队的比赛马上追平为3：3。虽然对瑠衣的性格很恼火，但小跃对瑠衣的强大感到兴奋。猜测下回合的对手仍是瑠衣，小跃等人议论着该派谁上场，最后用投票决定。 第39集 爆裂！死亡螺旋 小跃VS瑠衣。胜利武神被失落圣枪猛烈地击飞并正面撞向小跃，幸好小愁提醒，小跃及时用手接住胜利武神才没受伤。似曾相似地的场景，小愁想起上届全国大赛中被瑠衣打败并在右眼留下伤疤之事。坚毅凛峰和米驹学园的比分现在是4：3，小跃再次出场对战瑠衣。发射陀螺时小跃的手一颤抖，不断撞击场地墙壁的胜利武神阴差阳错地错开了失落圣枪的攻击路线。小跃使出真闪光射击去撞击失落圣枪，两个陀螺同时击飞落地而平局。越战越燃的小跃完全进入ZONE状态，四战瑠衣。不过，这次瑠衣拿出了真实力，使出绝招“死亡螺旋”一击把小跃的陀螺破坏。坚毅凛峰因此拿下6分而获得全国赛团体赛的冠军。输了的小跃深受到打击，绊倒在地然后大哭起来。 第40集 拿下！全国第一 受到陀螺战士（ブレーダー）研究的水面直树的邀请，小跃不加思索地配合做各种测试，还使出“胜利武神”的必杀技“速射”让对方分析，不过很快就被对方的陀螺“海王新星”击飞。直树的电脑进行数据分析，小跃的发挥水平只有跟瑠衣比赛时的50%，似乎是败给瑠衣后心灵受伤的缘故；虽然事后小跃对协屋等人称是因为没吃早餐。wbba全国大赛个人赛终于拉开了帷幕，就在第一场开始时，小跃突然接到一个母亲·千春发生交通事故的紧急电话…… 第41集 海王新星的陷阱 小跃总算赶上全国大会的第一回战，赶紧十足地迎战第一个对方水面直树。面对小跃的强攻，直树根据数据分析进行对策，“胜利武神”的攻击全部被避开，最后停止了转动。直树的“海王新星”持有的转变轴可以使其切换攻击模式和持久模式，直树还故意激怒小跃。小跃想起要跟小愁在决赛一决胜负的约定，重新调整状态迎战直树。一场比赛中胜出的会是哪一方？另一方面，谜之陀螺战士蓝泽仁出现在小愁面前…… 第42集 毒蛇！巨蛇之狱 小跃以为蓝泽仁要在赛前“做掉”小愁，于是找来组长、大南一起做小愁的贴身保镖。就这样，终于迎来小愁和蓝泽的比赛的日子。面对超强韧性的“巨蛇之狱”，小愁的“风暴卫士”不断使出顶部射击，将对方的驼鹿破坏而拿下最初的2分。但是第二回合时，被不明闪光刺眼的小愁发射失败，导致输掉这一回合。小愁闭合双眼并用左手发射，成功度过危机、赢得比赛。一开始大家以为是蓝泽在作弊，后来才发现这一切都是直树搞出来的所谓实验，生气的小跃挑战直树！ 第43集 疾风的喷流射击 协屋和小愁说要退出战斗驼鹿俱乐部，小愁为一起战斗过的伙伴为何要分开而烦恼。另一方面，大明星扎克也为自己的名气被后辈山吹明盖过而烦恼着。心情许久未能平静的小跃就这样迎来了全国大赛个人赛的第二轮比赛——和黄绿久远的对战。完全不在状态而被逼入困境的小跃，终于理解协屋和小愁是因为承认自己的实力而离开。这个时候，“胜利武神”觉醒了新的力量——喷流射击（Jet Shoot）！ 第44集 咆哮吧！猛兽之战 全国大会个人赛2回战，犬介VS小豆。彼此熟悉对方战斗方式的“狂野巨兽”（ビースツ）的同伴，即使是朋友，在赛场商就是敌人，二人心无杂念地进行着特训，全力以赴地回应对方的野兽之魂。比赛当天，犬介使出了新的战术进攻，小豆也毫无示弱地拿出新招，一进一退的攻防，二人的野兽之魂相互碰撞！胜利的会是哪一方？而后，迎来的2回战的最后一场比赛，扎克VS茶挂豪。前八强全部诞生！ 第45集 风暴卫士VS双足飞龙 前8强集结的全国大会第3回战，协屋和小愁的对决拉开了序幕。誓要打败小愁而反复特训的协屋，解禁了新必杀技——极盾式撞击，小愁也承认对方是一名强敌而作出全力的反击，就在双方比分是1：1时，双方都为最后一回合作出了各自的策略宣言，就这样的决定胜负的第三回比赛开始了。因缘的对决，抓住胜利的是哪一方？ 紧接着，瑠衣VS犬介的比赛也开始了。 第46集 热斗！小跃VS夏卡 全国大会3回战，小跃终于迎来跟四转皇之一的夏卡的对战。开始前就摩擦会激烈火花的二人在最初就作出全力的发射。同为攻击型的战斗陀螺的对战，欢呼声包围的会场一片热血！一开始以双方陀螺同时破坏而平局，但第二局时小跃的“胜利武神”被夏卡的“异度圣剑”破坏。那个时候，为了追求更进一步的力量，小跃的新技能诞生了…… 第47集 明星之战 小跃和夏卡的比赛过后，竞技场展现出跟平时不一样的气氛，那是因为那一场比赛的选手是扎克和山吹明这两位顶级偶像。通过表演让会场沸腾起来的明，以压倒性的存在感吸引观众的扎克，两位明星的陀螺对战开始了。在开始两局就轻松拿下2分而获得优势的扎克，回忆起过去一直追逐着扎克的明，拿出了必杀技“完美圆周”向扎克挑战，最后获胜的会是哪一位明星？ 第48集 爆转VS暴走 小跃练习和夏卡比赛时的新招“暴走射击”，但总是失败，就这样全国大会半决赛开始了！第一场比赛是小跃VS四转皇之一的扎克。面对扎克的华丽发射“波动阳光”，小跃使用暴走射击（爆走SHOOT）反击。这一场激烈的攻防战，哪一边法槌的光芒更加闪亮？另一方面，小愁VS白鹭城瑠衣的比赛也开始了，上次大会败北的小愁使出了新的必杀技“南十字星发射”一决胜负！ 第49集 四转皇！瑠衣VS小愁 小愁使出“南十字星射击”瞬间破坏瑠衣的“失落圣枪”，率先得下2分。承认对方实力后的瑠衣使出了新的必杀技——“梦魇发射”来反击，把小愁的“风暴卫士”击飞，但对未能破坏对方的陀螺感到惊讶。小跃把飞远的“风暴卫士”交给小愁，二人再次提起在决赛碰头的约定。返回赛场的小愁，迎来和瑠衣的这场比赛的最后对决。双方毫不示弱，使出全力的“风暴卫士”和“失落圣枪”激烈地碰撞着。就在把“失落圣枪”逼入绝境一刻，“风暴卫士”突然因为上场比赛造成的裂痕而破裂…… 第50集 打败绝对王者！ 为了战胜瑠衣和他的失落圣枪，小跃在米驹学园战斗陀螺俱乐部的伙伴们的帮助下进行闭眼地暴走射击——黑暗暴走射击的特训。另一方面，瑠衣以坚毅凛峰的全员为对手，进行的决赛前调整。然后，终于迎来全国大会的决赛！在同伴们和家人的声援下，小跃站到了决赛的舞台之上（然后摔了一跤……），以全国大会四连冠的绝对王者·白鹭城瑠衣为对手的最后战斗开始了！ 第51集 打倒它！胜利武神 决赛一开始，小跃的胜利武神被瑠衣的失落圣枪破坏而落后2分。如何才能战胜绝对王者，小跃向“伙伴”胜利武神发问，脑海中浮现出晨跑时遇到海豚的跃出海面的场景，不知觉地使出了新必杀技——极跃射击（High Jump Shoot）。胜利武神漂亮地破坏失落圣枪。瑠衣的斗志也跟着燃烧起来。最后回合，二人都跳起来发射，跃起的两个陀螺降落时在场地留下深深地裂痕（伏笔）。胜利武神和失落圣枪激烈地碰撞，最终优胜的光荣将会落在谁的手中？ 展开 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51 （参考资料： [10-13] ） 动画音乐 OP《バーストフィニッシュ！》 作词：松井洋平 作曲：原田笃（Arte Refact） 编曲：山本恭平（Arte Refact） 演唱：小林龙之（DIVE II entertainment） ED《Believe》 作词：DEppa 作曲：DEppa，电球 编曲：电球 演唱：シクラメン（トイズファクトリー） [14-15] 播出信息 放送局放送起始日放送日时东京电视台系列全国6局网2016年4月4日周一 17:55 - 18:25富山电视台2016年4月9日周六 5:55 - 6:25长崎文化放送周六 6:00 - 6:30新广岛电视台2016年4月10日周日5:30 - 6:00东日本放送周日 6:30 - 7:00静冈朝日电视台周日 6:30 - 7:00爱媛电视台周日 9:30 - 10:00岩手朝日电视台周日 6:30 - 7:00东日本放送周日 6:30 - 7:00新潟放送2016年4月23日周六6:30 - 7:00奈良电视台2016年5月13日周五 7:30 - 8:00 [16] 关联作品 衍生游戏 【游戏名】ベイブレードバースト 【类型】Beyblade RPG 【平台】任天堂3DS 【发行商】フリュー株式会社 【发售日】2016年11月10日 【玩家人数】1人（通信时2人） 【CORE】A（全年龄对象） 【包装版特典】游戏限定陀螺“アマテリオス.α.α プラチナVer.”1枚 [17-18]\n\n在合宿海盗赛场的团体练习赛中,米驹学园被分成了两个三人组参加,请问两支队伍的成员分别是谁?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "bac656b2743449078d72d77fd6aec723", "conversation_index": 281729, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 978, "prompt": "Создайте сайт основываясь на этом брифинге\n1.\tСфера діяльності компанії?\n\n-\tIT-компанія\n-\tВебстудія\n-\tСтартап\n-\tПромисловість\n-\tМаркетинг, реклама та PR\n-\tДизайн, творчість\n-\tНавчання\n-\tКонсалтинг та сфера послуг\n-\tТоргівля\n-\tFMCG\n-\tE-commerce (інтернет-продажі)\n-\tСвій варіант\t-\tДизайн, творчість.\n-\tНадання послуг з фото обробки нерухомості, каталоги з моделями, та різноманітних товарів (одяг, сумки та інші товари та інш..)\n\n2.\tЯка у сайту буде цільова аудиторія?\n\nНаприклад: Чоловіки, 24-45 років, представники бізнесу, з доходом вище середнього.\nНаприклад: Жінки, 18-55 років, які цікавляться модою, дохід від середнього\n\tКомпінії-агенства Ч або Ж 20-45\n3.\tЯкий тип сайту вам потрібен?\n\n-\tLanding-page\n-\tВізитка\n-\tІнтернет-магазин\n-\tКорпоративний\n-\tПортал новин\n-\tПерсональний сайт\n-\tOn-line сервіс\n-\tБлог\n-\tСоціальна мережа\t-\tOn-line сервіс з профілем для користувачів, які зможуть оформлювати замовлення у себе в кабінеті, оплачувати та отримувати свої замовлення.\n-\tА також внутрішня кухня компанії та редакторів, де менеджери зможуть роздавати замовлення або редактори самі зможуть брати їх з пулу). Після чого редактори будуть відправляти виконане замовлення до QC спеців, а ті зможуть у разі гарно зробленої роботи відправити далі кейс до менеджерів які відповідальні за клієнтів. \n\n4.\tНавіщо вам потрібен сайт?\n\n-\tІміджева мета\n-\tЗалучення клієнтів/партнерів\n-\tПродаж товарів через інтернет\n-\tЗворотний зв'язок зі споживачем\n-\tІнформування споживачів\n-\tПрибуток від реклами\n-\tВихід на нові ринки\tНадання послуг \n5.\tНеобхідні сторінки сайту:\n\n .\tКлючові сторінки:\n-\tГоловна\n-\tПослуги\n-\tПортфоліо \n-\tНаша команда \n-\tПро компанію\n-\tКаталог (список категорій, список товарів, картка товару)\n-\tЦіни, прайс-лист\n-\tОформлення замовлення (авторизація, доставка, оплата, підтвердження замовлення, успішне оформлення замовлення)\n-\tОсобистий кабінет (особиста інформація, мої замовлення, мої підписки, переглянуті товари, редагування пароля, редагування інформації)\n-\tПорівняння товарів\n-\tСписок бажань (сторінка з обраними товарами)\n-\tОплата та доставка (текст + супутня графіка)\n-\tФотогалерея\n-\tВідеогалерея\n-\tКонтакти \t-\tГоловна\n-\tПослуги\n-\tПортфоліо \n-\tЦіни, прайс-лист\n-\tОформлення замовлення (авторизація, доставка, оплата, підтвердження замовлення, успішне оформлення замовлення)\n-\tОсобистий кабінет (особиста інформація, мої замовлення, мої підписки, переглянуті товари, редагування пароля, редагування інформації)\n-\tОплата\n-\tКонтакти \n-\tголовна сторінка внутрішньої кухні, де будуть роздавати проекти\n-\tвнутрішня сторінка з інформацією про проект\n-\t"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "befa2af40a274e8b8b7441a97bd33c20", "conversation_index": 858155, "turn_index": 20, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 955, "prompt": "Pomůžu ti: O Čechovi (Staré pověsti české)\nI.\n\nZa Tatrami, v rovinách při řece Visle rozkládala se od nepaměti charvátská země, část prvotní veliké vlasti slovanské.\nV té charvátské zemi bytovala četná plemena, příbuzná jazykem, mravy, způsobem života.\nI stalo se, že se strhly mezi nimi vády a krvavé boje o meze a dědiny. Vstal rod na rod, příbuzní bojovali proti příbuzným a hubili se navzájem.\nV ten čas dva bratři mocného rodu, oba vojvodové, Čech a Lech, spolu se o to snesli, že opustí rodnou zemi bojem neblahou. Řekli si: \"Vyhledejme sobě nových sídel, kdež by náš rod žil s pokojem a díla si hleděl.\"\nByliť uvyklí již po předcích půdu pilně vzdělávati, všeliký druh obilí pěstovati i chovati koně a stáda bravu i skotu.\nJak se usnesli, tak vykonali. Svolavše své plémě, vzdali oběť bohům, vynesli obrazy dědů, a rozžehnavše se s otcovskou půdou, obrátili se na západ slunce, v neznámé končiny. I bral se rod za rodem, každý početných rodin, všichni přátelé a příbuzní. Napřed šli zvědové a zbrojní muži, prostřed vojvoda Čech, sivé brady, ale statný a silný, jeho bratr Lech a kolem nich vladykové, starostové rodů, všichni na koních. Za nimi starci, ženy a děti na hrubých vozech, na koních, stáda dobytka, naposled pak opět zbrojní mužové. Tak brali se nejprve končinami příbuzných plemen, až přešli hranice charvátské země, až přebředli Odru řeku a vstoupili do neznámých, hornatých končin.\nI tam našli ještě osady, jejichž obyvatelé hovořili jako oni, a dále také v krajinách při Labi řece.\nNež jak přešli druhou tuto řeku, byl kraj pustší a osad shledali jen poskrovnu. Byly daleko od sebe, a obyvatelé jejich cizího jazyka, kožemi odění, nečetní, ale smělí a srdnatí, stavěli se jim se zbraní v ruce do cesty. Čech a Lech a jejich lid je potřeli, a zhubivše jejich chudá obydlí v chatrčích i ve vykopaných jamách, postupovali dále, z lesa do lesa.\nZlá byla cesta hlubokými hvozdy, zlá jejich chůze luhy a bažinami, plnými rákosí, ostřice, rozlehlých mechových trsů a různých křovin. Zvečera zažehovali ohně a topili do úsvitu, aby zář, padajíc do tmy lesní, plašila úskočné, líté šelmy.\nTak došli až ke třetí velké řece, Vltavě, kteráž divočinou tekla; když i tu přebředli, počala si všechna čeleď stýskati, že není konce klopotné cesty a nikde stálého odpočinutí.\nTu vojvoda Čech ukázal na vysokou horu, jež se před nimi modrala nad širým, rovinatým krajem, a děl: \"Podejděme pod tuto horu, tam dětem, skotu odpočineme.\" Došli a položili se na úpatí hory, jež slove Říp. Vojvodové a starší rodu ohledali půdu vůkol a znamenali, že jest úrodná."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "42e9242326e64abdae75ce7c35a63868", "conversation_index": 78308, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1087, "prompt": "\"county_id\"\t\"county_desc\"\t\"voter_reg_num\"\t\"election_lbl\"\t\"election_desc\"\t\"voting_method\"\t\"voted_party_cd\"\t\"voted_party_desc\"\t\"pct_label\"\t\"pct_description\"\t\"ncid\"\t\"voted_county_id\"\t\"voted_county_desc\"\t\"vtd_label\"\t\"vtd_description\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000190704\"\t\"11/03/2020\"\t\"11/03/2020 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE BY MAIL\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"08\"\t\"CENTRAL #08\"\t\"AA101076\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"08\"\t\"08\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000190704\"\t\"03/03/2020\"\t\"03/03/2020 PRIMARY\"\t\"ABSENTEE BY MAIL\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"08\"\t\"CENTRAL #08\"\t\"AA101076\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"08\"\t\"08\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000190704\"\t\"11/08/2022\"\t\"11/08/2022 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE ONESTOP\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"08\"\t\"CENTRAL #08\"\t\"AA101076\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"08\"\t\"08\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000190704\"\t\"11/08/2016\"\t\"11/08/2016 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE BY MAIL\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"08\"\t\"CENTRAL #08\"\t\"AA101076\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"08\"\t\"08\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000190704\"\t\"11/06/2018\"\t\"11/06/2018 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE BY MAIL\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"08\"\t\"CENTRAL #08\"\t\"AA101076\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"08\"\t\"08\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"11/08/2016\"\t\"11/08/2016 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE ONESTOP\"\t\"UNA\"\t\"UNAFFILIATED\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"11/03/2020\"\t\"11/03/2020 GENERAL\"\t\"IN-PERSON\"\t\"UNA\"\t\"UNAFFILIATED\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"03/03/2020\"\t\"03/03/2020 PRIMARY\"\t\"IN-PERSON\"\t\"REP\"\t\"REPUBLICAN\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"11/04/2014\"\t\"11/04/2014 GENERAL\"\t\"ABSENTEE ONESTOP\"\t\"UNA\"\t\"UNAFFILIATED\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"11/06/2018\"\t\"11/06/2018 GENERAL\"\t\"IN-PERSON\"\t\"UNA\"\t\"UNAFFILIATED\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\"\n\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"000000161865\"\t\"11/08/2022\"\t\"11/08/2022 GENERAL\"\t\"IN-PERSON\"\t\"UNA\"\t\"UNAFFILIATED\"\t\"72\"\t\"THOMASVILLE 8 #72\"\t\"AA103215\"\t\"29\"\t\"NAME_1\"\t\"72\"\t\"72\""}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "dd029efa5d5e4043bc75f2556d4f708f", "conversation_index": 789267, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1068, "prompt": "here is XML  <?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"yes\" ?> \n- <BG415W>\n  <Sender>TRA.APP</Sender> \n  <SenderCode>BGC124059321ZZZZ3</SenderCode> \n  <Recipient>MISV.BG</Recipient> \n  <RecipientCode>BG001007</RecipientCode> \n  <DatePreparation>20230505</DatePreparation> \n  <TimePreparation>1644</TimePreparation> \n  <IntConRef>1</IntConRef> \n  <TestIndicator>0</TestIndicator> \n  <MessageId>1</MessageId> \n  <MessageType>BG415W</MessageType> \n- <DECHEA>\n  <DeclarationCode>G4</DeclarationCode> \n  <Lrn>230000124059321W000852</Lrn> \n  </DECHEA>\n- <DECLARANT>\n  <TIN>BGC124059321ZZZZ3</TIN> \n  </DECLARANT>\n- <ARRIVALTRANSPORTMEANS>\n  <IdeOfMeaOfTraAtArrivalCode>10</IdeOfMeaOfTraAtArrivalCode> \n  <IdeOfMeaOfTraAtArrival>TOMRIZ NAME_2 - TBS014S23</IdeOfMeaOfTraAtArrival> \n  </ARRIVALTRANSPORTMEANS>\n- <GOODSMEASURE>\n  <TotalGrossMassKg>5142279.720000</TotalGrossMassKg> \n  </GOODSMEASURE>\n- <WAREHOUSE>\n  <WarehouseID>BG0010000015</WarehouseID> \n  <WarehouseType>V</WarehouseType> \n  </WAREHOUSE>\n- <GOODSLOCATION>\n  <GoodsLocationType>D</GoodsLocationType> \n- <ADDRESS>\n  <GoodLocationQualifierCode>Z</GoodLocationQualifierCode> \n  <City>БУРГАС</City> \n  <Country>BG</Country> \n  <StreetAndNumber>КОНТЕЙНЕРЕН ТЕРМИНАЛ ПРИСТАНИЩЕ БУРГАС ЗАПАД</StreetAndNumber> \n  <Postcode>8000</Postcode> \n  </ADDRESS>\n  </GOODSLOCATION>\n- <LODGINGOFFICE>\n  <CustOfficeCode>BG001007</CustOfficeCode> \n  </LODGINGOFFICE>\n- <SEALNUMBER>\n  <NumberOfSeals>410</NumberOfSeals> \n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>1340689</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>1210274</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>1340546</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS>\n  <SealID>NOSEAL</SealID> \n  </SEALS>\n- <SEALS"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "52e1f0b8988a6096ecb801583d80878c372e59e701b6ac05", "conversation_index": 7148, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 20769, "prompt": "丑女贝蒂（2006年美国电视剧）\n《丑女贝蒂》是一部由沙拉·派·安德森执导的系列喜剧，由亚美莉卡·费雷拉、埃里克·马比斯、阿兰·戴尔、贝基·纽顿、迈克尔·尤瑞等主演。该剧改编自哥伦比亚同名电视剧，该剧于2006年9月在美国ABC电视台首播。该剧主要讲述一个叫贝蒂·苏雷兹的外貌平平的女孩进入了时装界的风云杂志《Mode》工作后发生的故事。2007年，该剧获得第64届美国金球奖喜剧类最佳剧集奖项。\n丑女贝蒂剧情简介 海报剧情 第一季 正式海报 第一季 虽然外表平平甚至有些丑陋，年轻的贝蒂·苏雷兹却是一个自信、聪明、工作努力的女孩，受到出版界大亨布拉福德的赏识，在他的传奇时尚杂志《Mode》出版社找到第一份工作。布拉福德刚刚把《Mode》交给儿子丹尼尔打理，他之所以选中贝蒂作为丹尼尔的新助理，大半的原因就是她是全纽约唯一一个丹尼尔不会和她上床的女人。贝蒂雄心勃勃要干出一番事业，让家人为自己而骄傲，她也很喜欢丹尼尔，但同时也很清楚，丹尼尔和她绑在一起感到很恼火，所以贝蒂决心证明自己是他最合格和最有能力的助理。 此外，新入行的丹尼尔和贝蒂有很多东西要学习，还要同心协力一起面对出版界和时尚界里众多老奸巨猾、笑里藏刀的生意对手，贝蒂多端善变的诡计和超级精明的时尚感将大有用武之地。 第二季 正式海报 第二季 经历了一连串乱七八糟的事情之后，Betty的人生陷入了一片混乱。困在墨西哥的老爸，出车祸的Daniel，和别人远走的Henry，所有这一切让她快要喘不过气。是不是人生真的就要这个样子？ 同时，Amanda无意中发现了自己的真正身世，Wilhelmina的人生主题依然是踩着别人往上爬，把自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦之上，故事越来越复杂。 第三季 正式海报 第三季 第三季刚开始贝蒂拒绝感情，选择全身心的投入到职业发展中。外出旅行长见识归来的贝蒂，觉得自己已经长大了，并制定了自己的计划：一年内升职、搬到纽约城内住、不再谈感情。不是做出了决定就代表自己长大了，天真的贝蒂开始遭遇了一个又一个的挫折。当Betty终于如愿以偿得到了自己梦寐以求的编辑工作，令她意想不到的是，前男友Matt居然成为了她的新上司。Daniel的事业迎来了新高峰，但是却失去了他挚爱的Molly 。在Wilhelmina试图寻找Connor的同时，一个神秘人出现在她房间，令她大吃一惊。Marc没有得到编辑的职位，沮丧无比。 第四季 正式海报 第四季 第四季我们见证着Betty的成长：她从一个什么都不懂的小助理，成长为Mode的编辑。她从Daniel烦厌的小卒，成长为Danile最得力的助手和最贴心的朋友。她从一个自卑的小女孩，成长为有主见的职业女性。虽然Betty在别人眼中还只是一只丑小鸭，但凭着自己的自信，聪明和坚韧，也终于迎来了出头天。 （剧情简介参考资料： [1] ） 丑女贝蒂分集剧情 展开 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 第一季第1集 在极端重视好皮囊的顶端时尚业，形象就是你的职业前途，就是你的生命，就是你的梦想，就是你的幸福……一切的一切。时尚潮流交替迭代，唯一不变的是那些把时尚元素穿在身上的超级美女们，人们从她们的举手投足中理解了时尚。然而，故事就发生在这个圈子里的一个小人物身上。她叫贝蒂，相貌平常——不是和那些超级美女比，就是以一般人的审美眼光看也是极端平常，体态稍微有点丰满——这在一群骨感美女中显得格外引人注目。丑小鸭贝蒂能适应这个圈子么？我们且拭目以待！ 第一季第2集 贝蒂不小心弄丢了杂志的清样，掀起了轩然大波。因为这份清样非同寻常，里面一整本都是一位明星未经电脑修饰的照片。这位女明星家喻户晓，非常受人喜爱。然而，即使在时尚界也很少有人知道，她的照片如果不经电脑技术修整，看起来就是一个普通邻家女孩。如果清样里的照片被人在媒体公开，对这位明星的声誉将是极大的损害，贝蒂所在的杂志社也将受到沉重的打击，很可能从此失去业内的信任。面对职业生涯的第一场危机，贝蒂该如何处理？威赫尔米娜知道之后，开始了自己的小算盘，阴谋利用这场事件把贝蒂的老板丹尼尔搞下台！ 第一季第3集 贝蒂利用自己的人脉关系，争取到业内鼎鼎大名的摄影师文森特-比安时来为《Mode》杂志担任摄影。然而比安时要求和贝蒂在一家以优雅著称的上流餐馆见面时，贝蒂感到特别紧张，她不知道出席这种场合应该穿着怎样的服装，又应搭配怎样的面部化妆，特别在对方是以艺术敏锐感著称的专业人士的时候！服装稍有差错，很可能就会失去这次职业生涯的大好机会。贝蒂感到格外的紧张不安。 第一季第4集 《Mode》杂志为即将到来的圣诞节特刊精心策划了别具一格的摄影图片，然而，这个创意却不知怎地被另一家杂志抄袭了，《Mode》杂志只好放弃。不消说，老板暴跳如雷，杂志社同仁个个气愤不平。贝蒂起初和众人一样愤愤不平，然而她想起了些什么，心里打起鼓来……她和马克、阿曼达聊了聊，越来越感到这个创意正是他们旁若无人聊天的时候给泄漏出去的。万一被人发现，他们的工作可就泡汤了！这时，互相看不对盘的丹尼尔和威赫尔米娜为了在最短时间内赶出一期摄影图片来不得不精诚合作。在一片混乱中，大家把来杂志社参观的贾斯汀忘得一干二净。他自得其乐地在杂志社混了一天。 第一季第5集 万圣节来了，贝蒂的工作一团糟，她听信同事的话，盛装出席一个据称是《Mode》杂志社晚装大赛的场合，却被告知根本没这回事，她的着装引起了周围人的窃笑。同时，她在工作中的认真负责使得亨利对她的好感逐步提升，然而沃尔特却因此醋意大发。最糟的是，她还不得不接下一个倒霉工作，为老板丹尼尔找一块手表！那块手表具有非凡的意义，却被丹尼尔落在了女友的公寓里。问题是，丹尼尔忘了到底落在了哪个女友的家里……这时候，威赫尔米娜正因为自己居然穿不上定制的晚装而歇斯底里大发脾气。 第一季第6集 丹尼尔在《Mode》杂志社大堂里遇到一位神秘美女，立刻被她吸引住了。他请求贝蒂帮自己找到这位美女。贝蒂郁闷地要杀人。她这时候还有其他烦心事，因为听到了一些不同寻常的消息，她正在和希尔达努力攒钱，哪里顾得上管老板的风流韵事？然而私人助理的悲哀就是这样：什么样的恶气都得忍下来，乖乖地为老板照顾好一切公事私事。本来可以抓住这个把柄大肆嘲笑丹尼尔的威赫尔米娜这次却没顾上，因为她要接待一位不速之客——她的女儿。 第一季第7集 贝蒂家里烦心事一件接一件，恰在这时老板叫她去了解一家新开的上流酒店，以为杂志的介绍做准备，于是她抛开烦恼跑去酒店寻欢作乐。索菲娅-莱斯和她的工作小组进驻了《Mode》杂志社会议室。丹尼尔干生气也没办法，谁让他自己的工作能力不如人呢？威赫尔米娜开始和一位德州来的乡巴佬百万富翁调情约会，目的是为了自己的归宿么？才不是呢！她只是盯住了他的连锁店，打算让他在《Mode》杂志上刊载广告而已！ 第一季第8集 感恩节到了，《Mode》杂志社的同仁们用自己的个性方式庆祝着这一节日。贝蒂在工作和家庭之间疲于奔波，恨不得把自己撕成两半。丹尼尔参加了父母举办的午餐会，因为他想见到索菲娅。马克和阿曼达在《Mode》办公室里竖起了野外宿营的帐篷，威赫尔米娜尝试做了一件她从没做过的事情——烹制火鸡。不用问也知道这道菜的味道怎么样！食不厌精的《Mode》杂志同仁们对着新鲜出炉的焦糊火鸡尴尬万分，面面相觑。和老板搞好关系，总是要付出代价的，然而如果代价是生命的话……那还是不必了。 第一季第9集 感恩节后第二天，普通人都在家里体味节日过后的温馨余氛。然而这不是贝蒂的生活。她正在和一对著名的明星夫妇陪笑脸，因为这期杂志要用他们和新生宝宝的照片作为主要卖点。这时，丹尼尔正在家里呻吟，因为前一天喝得太多了，头痛欲裂，被索菲娅拒绝后他心情格外不好，所以多喝了点。威赫尔米娜和马克去机场迎接几位名流，结果却发现节日过后两人身上谁都没有带现金！ 第一季第10集 圣诞节，圣诞节终于来了。《Mode》杂志社几人欢喜几人愁。贝蒂重新审视了自己和沃尔特的关系，以及她对亨利的感情，仍在摇摆不定。和手下相反，丹尼尔却非常肯定自己已经爱上了索菲娅，虽然索菲娅自己非常怀疑这一点。阿曼达帮着策划了《Mode》杂志社圣诞宴会，办公室纷纷扬扬地飘起了泡沫塑料制成的雪花，各种节日祝愿卡和纸条，一切都非常完美——直到贝蒂和阿曼达发现，因为阿曼达的出色策划能力，阿曼达被老板盯上了，打算用她来代替贝蒂。 第一季第11集 时尚杂志社通常会有一些名牌服饰厂商提供的名贵衣物和配饰，用作展示、拍照等。日积月累，杂志社里堆了小山一样的衣物。克里斯蒂娜宣布，她马上要清空这些衣柜。欣喜若狂的杂志社同仁们疯狂地一头扎进了衣物堆里，文雅可亲的时尚女郎们为一件衣物几乎要大打出手。但是，最需要靓衫的贝蒂却忙得顾不上这些事：她帮老板丹尼尔填的一张2万美元的费用报销申请被驳了回来，并且十分不巧的是，丹尼尔的信用卡也被停了。正在宴请一位对杂志非常重要的日本设计师的丹尼尔发觉，他付不起饭钱…… 第一季第12集 丹尼尔终于鼓起勇气，跑去向索菲娅表白。贝蒂却发现了一些事，证明索菲娅的动机并不单纯。同时，杂志社同仁以大白天见鬼的目光看着一个亲切和蔼温柔体贴的威赫尔米娜——好吧，听说完美的性生活能改变人，还真是没错，不过变化也太大了点。威赫尔米娜的富有男友安排了一出盛大的浪漫节目，把威赫尔米娜陶醉得头脑发昏。不过，有得意就有失意，伊格奈西奥就在发愁，怎么和自己一组的新移民同事合作…… 第一季第13集 贝蒂的老板丹尼尔好容易向索菲娅表白，却被无情打击到了，十分沮丧。但他是老板，没资格学公子哥伤春悲秋浪掷时间。被翘班老板连累得晕头转向的贝蒂决定设计让老板重新回来精神饱满地工作，为此，她开始帮老板拉皮条——错，是帮老板安排和一位超级名模约会。威赫尔米娜也在那厢暗暗盘算，要是她能当上Mode杂志的总编，她就要对人事大刀阔斧进行一番改革，首先要踢掉的就是克里斯蒂娜和阿曼达。希尔达迫切地想找一份工作，却处处不顺，想从卖茶点入手，却总是收支不能相抵…… 第一季第14集 纽约又迎来了时装周，贝蒂跑前忙后，要让《Mode》杂志的时装秀不出半点差错。可是，丹尼尔却请希尔达帮忙打点这场时装秀，这让贝蒂不免大失所望。有人给威赫尔敏娜介绍了一种“新化妆技巧”，这时克里斯蒂娜正在忙于筹备她的首次设计展示。马克和阿曼达打算想办法弄来内幕消息：到底本季最热流行配饰是什么？这时，丹尼尔的父亲决定要把自己的出版业王国转交给儿子经营，丹尼尔被父亲感动了。然而父亲的一个老朋友来访，却劝说他放弃这个主意。然而，丹尼尔还来不及失望，就被一个天大的坏消息惊呆了：意外事故，《Mode》杂志的时装秀恐怕要半途而废了。 第一季第15集 蒙面女郎宣布了一个消息，众人目瞪口呆，公司上下一片混乱，人人惶惶不可终日。这时，贝蒂还企图粉饰太平，尽力维持表面上的风平浪静。威赫尔米娜却早有计划了。贝蒂的感情生活也遇到了天大的麻烦。沃尔特告诉贝蒂，他遇到了一件事令他很吃惊。而亨利却叫贝蒂不要多管闲事。贾斯廷被学校送回家，原因是在校打架，希尔达焦心如焚，不知道怎么办才好。看起来，要处理好家庭与工作的关系真是格外难！ 第一季第16集 家族事务迫使丹尼尔不得不重新联系格雷斯·琴，一位在大学里曾经约会过的女孩。而她现在已经被人尊为“琴夫人”，纽约最有影响力的律师。这时，贝蒂交了一个新朋友查莉。两人在《Mode》杂志社咖啡馆里相遇，贝蒂本以为查莉是个没见过世面的村姑，却发现原来人家是亨利的正牌女友。纽约迎来了一场暴风雪，航班延期，市内交通受阻。克里斯蒂娜留在办公室，和马克一起绞尽脑汁为莎拉·帕克寻找一件合适的长袍。威赫尔敏娜和亚力克西斯被困在了体育主题酒吧里。希尔达和贾斯廷正准备去看贾斯廷最喜爱的音乐剧，却被困在了高速公路上，进退两难。 第一季第17集 亨利坚持要贝蒂出席查莉的生日宴会，好强的贝蒂请自己的牙齿矫形医生充当一日男友，陪自己赴宴。丹尼尔请来了大学时约会过的女生来帮忙自己的家族生意，却因为要保守商业机密而没有告诉别人实情，别人都在误会两人的关系。威赫尔敏娜使出浑身解数，拼命要插进丹尼尔和亚力克斯之间。阿曼达遇到了一位非比寻常的设计师。在时装界里，设计师多如牛毛。而这位设计师与众不同的地方是，他开门见山地对阿曼达说，她就是自己的“缪斯”，她激发了自己创作的灵感！这可让阿曼达受宠若惊了。不过，这位设计师的真正意图何在呢？ 第一季第18集 马克答应帮贝蒂找些内幕消息，来帮丹尼尔渡过难关，但条件是要贝蒂充当他的女友，来骗过自己多疑的老妈威娜夫人。这时，威娜夫人已经到了纽约。本来好好的计划被搅得乱七八糟。特别是威娜夫人不请自到，来贝蒂家里探访。贝蒂全家紧张不安。这时，丹尼尔和亚历克西斯的争执终于有了结果。他们的母亲——《Mode》杂志的实际掌权人——任命他俩为联合主编，共同执掌这本杂志。俗话说兄弟齐心，其利断金。不过和别人共坐江山是否能满足这两位野心勃勃的男子呢？挑剔的威娜夫人怎样看待贝蒂一家呢？我们拭目以待。 第一季第19集 受到打击的丹尼尔又回到了从前的老路上：花天酒地，醉生梦死，眠花宿柳，留情无数。贝蒂费尽心思，要把老板的注意力转回到工作上来，却不得其门而入。这时候，Meades杂志社又遇到了一个大麻烦：一个作家拿着费?索莫的日记追踪到了Meades杂志社。威赫尔米娜和亚历克西斯听说了这回事，不约而同地各出八宝，打算抢到这本日记，然而，他们的目的可不一样。 第一季第20集 贝蒂算是烦透了丹尼尔，克里斯蒂娜，还有亨利。他们让她实在太失望了。贝蒂心灰意冷，使尽花样避开和他们三个见面。这时候，爱情的气氛正在Mode杂志社蔓延，属于爱情的季节到来了。亚历克西斯第一次被人约会，而且不是单纯工作约会。阿曼达开始和她起初以为是同性恋的设计师调情。希尔达被桑托斯的所作所为弄得不知所措，只有工作狂威赫尔米娜还在思考怎么有风使劲帆，把竞争对手统统打倒。这时候，丹尼尔也终于开始反省自己的私人关系。 第一季第21集 贝蒂遇到了都市人天天面临的难题：钱！现金短缺！她得想办法弄到一笔钱，来解决家里的问题。而这时候工作也不容忽视，她得为Mode杂志社的纪念酒会做好规划。最终，酒会定在了一家中世纪格调的餐厅里。而令大家万万想不到的是，这家餐厅和阿曼达的过去有着千丝万缕的瓜葛……丹尼尔决定在私人交往方面听从贝蒂的建议。希尔达遇到了一项很难的学校测验。而威赫尔米娜更加雄心勃勃，打算全面接管Mode杂志社！ 第一季第22集 因娜西奥的移民身份出了问题，贝蒂和家人一起帮他去解决。贝蒂向姑妈莫塔和侄子克拉拉询问自己去世母亲的事情，想多了解一下。亚历克西斯有了一位意想不到的乔丹客人：在她假死之前曾经见过的一位女性。阿曼达交了一位好朋友，人一天天变得开朗活泼起来，马克醋意大发，总是冷言冷语地嘲弄她。威赫尔米娜也开始处理自己的私人问题，打算让自己的生活有个新开始。 第一季第23集 贝蒂和亨利的恋情迅速升温，两人对对方好感倍增的同时，却又对这段关系感到把握不大，没什么自信。同时，威赫尔米娜的计划已经制定好，开始实行关键的一步。面对咄咄逼人的女主编，不争气的丹尼尔却在酒色中沉溺得越来越深。看起来，丹尼尔似乎要被排斥在杂志社继承人名单之外了。贝蒂一家旅行到了墨西哥，遇到了不少麻烦事，从前的不愉快仍然影响着家庭成员的关系。新的秘密被揭露出来。 第二季第1集 上一季末，贝蒂的生活可谓是多姿多彩，混乱不堪。意料之中和意料之外的各种事情层出不穷，纷至沓来，令她应接不暇，晕头晕脑。然而，其中对她影响最大的，还是亨利的离开，尽管她自己下意识地一直否认这一点。 生活面临巨大压力的还有阿曼达，她转向垃圾食品，大吃大喝，自暴自弃，因为她实在不能接受菲-索梅兹才是自己生母的事实。威尔赫敏娜知道了米德一家的不幸，不过同情了没几秒钟，就开始野心勃勃地计划怎样才能利用这个事实达成自己的最大利益。究竟她会怎样趁火打劫呢？米德一家又会如她所愿被利用么？阿曼达会恢复过来么？还有我们最为关心她贝蒂，她的事业和私人生活又会有怎样的变化？ 第二季第2集 丹尼尔是无心工作，一心都在他的哥哥(现在是姐姐)亚历克斯身上。威赫尔米娜想趁机霸占杂志社，贝蒂当然不肯了，为了不让丹尼尔被挤掉，她竟然冒险闯进了威赫尔米娜的家中，想偷回样板书，谁知刚找到书，威赫尔米娜就回家了，贝蒂撞见了她不可告人的秘密。但是威赫尔并不是什么省油的灯，她立刻让马克查到了贝蒂的父亲因没有签证被赶回了墨西哥，于是她就用可以帮她父亲搞到签证为诱饵让贝蒂闭嘴。为了父亲，贝蒂只好屈服。 阿曼达的母亲菲竟然只给她留下了一只长得很丑的狗，她刚开始只把狗当作生财的工具(只要养这只狗，每周都会有一千元的补贴)，但是当要送走狗的时候，阿曼达突然意识到这只狗是她和死去的母亲唯一的联系，她决定好好养它。亨利知道查理背叛了她，喝醉了来到贝蒂家，贝蒂答应要等他，谁知亨利却已经睡着了。 第二季第3集 阿曼达发现自己不是布拉福德的女儿，她和丹尼尔都松了一口气。马克帮阿曼达想出了一个馊主意，让她在黑白派对上穿上菲以前的行头，利用这个机会让她出名。可是最后的结果却让人啼笑皆非。丹尼尔为了能见到他那个性感的主治医生，骗贝蒂说他的脚并没有好，还让贝蒂不得不不远万里跑到轮椅厂帮他买一个新轮椅。公司的卖三明治的人换了，新来的人和贝蒂因为误会吵了一架，他骂贝蒂跟其他在杂志社工作的人一模一样，贝蒂很生气，一定要跟他解释，结果两人不打不相识，成为了好朋友。他点醒了贝蒂，告诉她要对人生有规划，于是贝蒂报了创新写作班，看来贝蒂要开始崭新的生活了。 第二季第8集 丹尼尔在贝蒂之后也打断了父亲和威赫尔米娜的婚礼，告诉他威赫尔米娜和其保镖的关系，布拉福德要求贝蒂对证，但因为丹尼尔不能原谅贝蒂对他的背叛，已经把她解雇了。布拉福德因此在婚礼上心脏病突发。 克莱尔因担心丈夫的遗嘱对两个孩子不利，和狱友再次向贝蒂求助，贝蒂和亨利不仅要同威赫尔米娜和马克争着找遗嘱，还得同周末女保安周旋。而当得知了遗嘱内容之后，威赫尔米娜急着要与丹尼尔的父亲完婚，但是布拉福德已经不再相信她了。 临终前的布拉福德领悟到，最爱他的是相伴多年的妻子，克莱尔与丈夫短暂相聚后被警察带走，贝蒂最后一次被布拉福德请求照顾丹尼尔。 第二季第9集 一身镣铐的克莱尔把欲在丈夫葬礼上继续无德的威赫尔米娜推下了墓坑，并当着两个孩子的面解雇了她，其实威赫尔米娜早就准备了应对计策，MODE杂志所有电脑被黑，即将出版的样本书亦荡然无存。 在家与亲人装饰圣诞树的贝蒂接到了亨利电话后，返回公司招集了所有工作人员，在大家努力找回样本书时，威赫尔米娜又以自己的新杂志招募走了大部分人，阿曼达选择了留下。 群策群力并作好相应分工后，亚力克斯去搞定印刷商的截止时间，丹尼尔则负责“丢失”的封面。丹尼尔请来了当初拍封面的MODEL，但是到了拍摄时又出了问题，丹尼尔再一次陷入困境。一番波折之后，在贝蒂“你不是你父亲，你是丹尼尔”的启发下，丹尼尔有了灵感，封面以感人的创意出现在大家面前。 传统与当下，变化即是成长，贝蒂决定继续回MODE工作。 第二季第10集 希尔达的美发沙龙前期筹备时，请来了心仪贝蒂的Gio和亨利，事实证明，贝蒂和亨利情比金坚。 丹尼尔和亚力克斯谁将主导Meade公司？父亲的视频没能提供答案，身陷囹圄的母亲怒言两人已是成人不能再玩树屋游戏，谁料想两人却在Mode办公室里玩起了彩蛋大战，深具父亲杀手本能的亚力克斯最后还是赢了丹尼尔。 威赫尔米娜在融资失败后，决定施展她的B计划——她居然在停尸房窃取了布拉福德的精子冷冻了起来。 第二季第11集 新一届的时装周就要到了，贝蒂的外甥贾斯汀及其同学前来MODE参观，鱼贯进出的模特却让期待同样体型的孩子们扔掉了带来的便当，贝蒂不忍，建议丹尼尔将时装周主题设为“健康的模特”，却未获亚力克斯同意。丹尼尔不敢告诉贝蒂，贝蒂很生气，丹尼尔上门道歉，并决定与贝蒂共同先斩后奏，结果活动不仅得到了媒体的眼球，虽然有些孩子对此次特殊的服装秀反感，但也有孩子觉得很不错，受到了教育。 阿曼达在灵媒的指引下即将找到自己的生身父亲，威赫尔米娜却将寻求代孕妈妈的目光落在了克里斯蒂娜身上。 第二季第12集 克莱尔审判的日子到了，贝蒂带着克莱尔常用的香水随同老板们前往，克莱尔却把它送给了贝蒂，贝蒂答应暂存，面对如此昂贵的香水贝蒂忍不住喷了些后却用上了瘾，整个人变得亢奋异常——竟至砸了Gio的三明治商店——医院诊断香水有毒。同时，阿曼达也在性爱密室里发现了母亲当年详细记载有毒香水一事的日记，但是她并不想将此事公开，不过最后还是良心过不去，将证据交给了贝蒂，克莱尔终于无罪释放。 为了治好丈夫的病，克里斯蒂娜无奈同意了威赫尔米娜的代孕要求。 第三季第1集 埃科时装公司的董事们召开会议，最后决定由罗伯特出面和贝蒂谈判。阿曼多同玛塞拉重归于好。贝蒂接到桑切斯律师的通知，同埃科时装公司的律师圣玛丽亚的会面取消了。而此时阿曼多内心矛盾重重，不知是否该见贝蒂。贝蒂接到了罗伯特打来的电话。贝蒂接到罗伯特的电话，邀请她到公司面谈。贝蒂将此事告诉了正巧打来电话的卡塔丽娜夫人。卡塔丽娜约贝蒂去埃科时装公司前见面，并帮其修饰一番。此时，公司里的几位董事心中忐忑不安，回忆起当初与贝蒂的种种冲突。马里奥劝阿曼多冷淡贝蒂，阿曼多却无法做到。 第三季第2集 阿乌拉·玛丽亚因为弗雷迪送帕特里西亚回家而和弗雷迪吵翻。面貌一新的贝蒂出现在公司里，引得公司同事十分惊异。罗伯特苦口婆心劝贝蒂暂时不要归还公司，再坚持六个月帮公司度过难关。权衡利弊，贝蒂答应了。贝蒂答应与公司合作。此时，玛塞拉回忆起当初赶走贝蒂的情景。帕特里西亚给玛塞拉打气，让她打败贝蒂。公司的秘书们议论玛塞拉见到漂亮的贝蒂时生气的样子，恰巧被玛塞拉听到了。贝蒂走进会议室，所有的人都惊呆了。贝蒂的两位律师赶到，向大家提出埃科时装公司的经营权应该直接归属贝蒂。 第三季第3集 董事会上的辩论十分激烈，丹尼尔百般阻挠，玛塞拉也提出要辞职，最终大家达成一致，同意由贝蒂同时出任埃科时装公司和特拉时装公司的总裁。贝蒂的家人和尼古拉斯给她打气，鼓励贝蒂迎接挑战。贝蒂终于同意了。索非亚的情敌珍妮到公司要钱，受到索非亚和玛塞拉的抢白。贝蒂同意出任埃科时装公司的临时总裁，希望大家尊重她，提议要尼古拉斯参与公司的管理。她提出唯一的条件是要玛塞拉继续留在公司共同努力挽回公司的局面。在罗伯托的劝说下，玛塞拉同意留下。桑切斯律师二人离开埃科时装公司时，商量如何对公司的漂亮女秘书们发起进攻。 第三季第4集 乌戈得知贝蒂被任命为公司总裁大吃一惊，提出辞职，在玛塞拉劝说下留在了公司。贝蒂的父亲赶到公司参加会议并被罗伯托任命为公司财务主管。不知内情的埃科时装公司同事们纷纷猜测贝蒂参加会议的原因。会议结束后，蒙在鼓里的帕特里西亚对贝蒂父女出言不逊，受到公司同事和贝蒂父亲的反驳，就在此时，古铁雷斯宣布了公司对贝蒂的任命，公司里一片沸腾。帕特里西亚急忙找到玛塞拉询问消息是否属实，对自己能否留在公司十分担心。贝蒂找到玛塞拉希望两人为挽救公司共同努力，并发誓不会再与阿曼多交往。对于贝蒂的任命，公司的朋友们要为贝蒂举行一个庆祝会。 第三季第5集 贝蒂众人在公司走廊碰到前来索要工钱的珍妮，乌戈提出要聘珍妮做模特，否则就提出辞职，而索非亚因珍妮夺走自己的丈夫对她的事情百般刁难。贝蒂要珍妮第二天到公司来见她。玛格丽特约玛塞拉与帕特里西亚共进晚餐。心事重重的阿曼多邀请被阿乌拉·玛丽亚抛下的弗雷迪去酒吧喝酒。在俱乐部，贝蒂给家里打电话告知父亲自己要晚点回去，并告诉尼古拉斯决定任命分.享者电.视他为埃科时装公司的财务副总裁。贝蒂面对姑娘们的各种问题，只好说是因自己的失误造成了公司的损失才被公司辞退了。阿曼多和弗雷迪在酒吧中闲聊，弗雷迪因担心阿乌拉·玛丽亚对阿曼多发牢骚，阿曼多趁机提出一起去贝蒂等人聚会的地方。 第三季第6集 俱乐部里，贝蒂和朋友们仍在聊着。玛塞拉三人在餐厅里谈论着贝蒂出任公司总裁后如何防止她和阿曼多死灰复燃。阿曼多和弗雷迪来到贝蒂等人聚会的俱乐部里，弗雷迪正好碰到阿乌拉·玛丽亚和一陌生男子在亲密的跳舞，尽管众人想为阿乌拉·玛丽亚开脱，可弗雷迪仍然十分生气。众人走后，阿曼多向贝蒂解释以前的事情，并表白了自己对贝蒂的爱意。阿曼多正向贝蒂表白爱意的时候，玛塞拉打电话询问他在哪里，他撒谎说与马里奥一起在酒吧。贝蒂回到家里被一直等着她的爸爸教育一顿，妈妈关心的询问贝蒂这一天的情况。贝蒂的内心里仍然对阿曼多怀有一份感情。尼古拉斯来到贝蒂家，在等待贝蒂的时候她又和贝蒂的父亲调侃起来。 第三季第7集 贝蒂、阿曼多以及三位律师来到法院，经过商讨，法官同意了他们要求撤销判决埃科时装公司破产而双方庭外和解的请求。见过法官后，阿曼多对贝蒂提出仍希望留在公司一段时间，为挽救公司尽自己的努力。帕特里西亚无钱打车只好坐公共汽车去公司上班，因其态度傲慢无理，在汽车上遭到司机和乘客们的嘲讽。玛塞拉来到公司看到空空荡荡的办公室十分恼火，决定要惩罚迟到的秘书们。迟到的秘书们来到办公室，等待她们的是玛塞拉愤怒的表情和要开除她们的决定。帕特里西亚赶到公司时正碰上大家在和玛塞拉争论，玛塞拉无法顾及朋友的面子，只好作出一起开除帕特里西亚的决定。贝蒂和父亲及尼古拉斯来到公司得知这个情况后让大家先回到自己的岗位上，告诉大家自己会在马上召开的公司管理会上替她们求情。 第三季第8集 帕特里西亚告诉玛塞拉贝蒂要她去会议室，并借机挑唆玛塞拉对贝蒂的怨恨。古铁雷斯为贝蒂和尼古拉斯安排好了办公室，因一时无法安排埃梅斯的办公室，埃梅斯决定使用贝蒂以前的办公室。阿曼多与马里奥在办公室里讨论着贝蒂和公司的事情。在会议室里，贝蒂面对愤怒的玛塞拉提出要玛塞拉冷静对待秘书们迟到的事情。会议室里贝蒂与玛塞拉达成一致意见，撤销开除的决定，但仍要对迟到的秘书们进行惩罚。会议室外大家纷纷猜测等待她们的是什么，并对帕特里西亚进行嘲弄。阿曼多和马里奥来到会议室，贝蒂对不怀好意的马里奥提出严正警告。乌戈处处与贝蒂作对并在办公室里大放厥词，告诉通知他开会的帕特里西亚他只听玛塞拉一个人的。玛塞拉得知情况后命令乌戈马上到会议室开会。 第三季第9集 在会议上，贝蒂提出要改变目前公司的经营策略，她和尼古拉斯计划把公司的海外合作伙伴指向那些小批发商，将公司的设计方向改为为大多数的普通消费者制造得体的服装，把目前公司的高级服装转为大批量生产出口。这一建议与阿曼多和马里奥准备的新策略不谋而合，得到他们二人的支持。而玛塞拉与乌戈则对此建议极力反对，双方展开了激烈辩论。在贝蒂的激将法下乌戈决定在辞职前为公司的秘书们作特别设计，条件是公司聘请推销员珍尼作他的模特。会议决定扣除迟到的秘书们一天工资作为她们违反公司制度的惩罚，并调整了秘书的岗位。得知撤销开除决定后，秘书们非常高兴，对贝蒂表示了感谢。贝蒂征得索非亚的同意后，告知推销员珍妮她被公司雇用了。贝蒂让人搬走了总裁办公室里阿曼多的东西。 第三季第10集 玛塞拉对阿曼多仍不放心，对阿曼多没有扔掉办公室里的黑袋子耿耿于怀。贝蒂把自己出任公司总裁的事情告诉了卡塔利娜夫人，卡塔利娜夫人决定下午到公司看望贝蒂。公司的秘书们调整岗位需换办公桌，帕特里西亚和桑德拉因此吵了起来。贝蒂感到为了公司和自己的方便需要买车，利用中午的时间和尼古拉斯前往汽车店去看车。帕特里西亚在玛塞拉的办公室里，先是鼓动玛塞拉不要让贝蒂插手她的工作范围，又说服阿曼多不要让他和贝蒂死灰复燃。贝蒂和尼古拉斯来到汽车行准备为自己选购汽车。阿曼多在外贸部里接到玛塞拉的查岗电话，感到十分苦恼。乌戈叫姑娘们去设计室量身，准备为他们设计时装，姑娘们对贝蒂的这一想法感到十分不解。 第三季第11集 桑德拉在清理文件时，发现了马里奥写给阿曼多的那封信，众人即感好奇又大吃一惊，她们躲到公司洗手间里面研究信的内容，纷纷猜测到底在贝蒂身上发生了什么事情。贝蒂选到了自己喜欢的汽车，并说想下一步为公司的员工们也配车。尼古拉斯却想把被查封的那辆汽车买出来。贝蒂和尼古拉斯定完汽车后，又去买手机。帕特里西亚囊中羞涩打电话给前夫，希望能得到一些帮助，但遭到了拒绝。索非亚等人又跑到公司洗手间里研究起马里奥的那封信。帕特里西亚告诉玛塞拉其他秘书跑到洗手间开会的事，玛塞拉来到洗手间听到贝蒂和阿曼多的事被公司的人知道了，十分生气。贝蒂回到公司正碰到清洁工人把那个垃圾袋拿走，感到十分伤心。她把众人叫到办公室，解释为何让乌戈给大家设计时装，并提醒众人不要在上班时间闲聊。 第三季第12集 阿曼多回到公司，发现垃圾袋已被工人拿走十分着急，最后跑到垃圾堆里翻找到被丢弃的垃圾袋。尼古拉斯给帕特里西亚买了一双新丝袜，先被帕特里西亚臭骂了一顿。帕特里西亚因受不了丹尼尔的冷嘲热讽又接受了尼古拉斯买的丝袜。玛塞拉来到贝蒂的办公室要和贝蒂谈谈。阿曼多来到贝蒂的办公室要将垃圾袋里的东西还给贝蒂，正碰到玛塞拉也在，只得作罢。贝蒂和玛塞拉说要和秘书处的人谈谈，阻止大家继续谈论这些事情。丹尼尔对玛塞拉说自己要被政府裁员，希望预支股东红利，玛塞拉表示自己无能为力，只有贝蒂才能做主。丹尼尔只好去找贝蒂。 第三季第13集 尼古拉斯见丹尼尔对帕特里西亚出言不逊站出来要教训丹尼尔。第二天一早贝蒂开着新车来到公司，大家看到新车十分高兴。帕特里西亚坐公共汽车来到公司时看到了这一幕。贝蒂把大家叫到会议室，弄明白众人如何知道她的事情后，答应大家告诉她们实情。贝蒂在会议室里向众人讲述发生在她身上的事情。阿曼多准备出差一个月既为公司的事情又可以放松一下自己。帕特里西亚和桑德拉吵架后又跑到玛塞拉那里去告状，最后玛塞拉警告她们不要再闹了。卡塔利娜夫人也来到了公司，并参加了公司的会议。 第三季第14集 会议室里，贝蒂提出对海外专卖店进行改革，对此玛塞拉十分不满。贝蒂还提出请卡塔利娜夫人为公司的新一季服装发布会进行宣传策划活动，并要乌戈为古铁雷斯也设计时装。帕特里西亚接到帐单后苦恼不已，盼望会议早点结束，她要找贝蒂谈谈。卡塔利娜夫人对贝蒂说，米切尔还在想着她。帕特里西亚向玛塞拉求助未果，只好找贝蒂，想要贝蒂给她提高工资并提前支付。贝蒂拒绝了她的无理要求。玛塞拉请卡塔利娜夫人在他的办公室谈话，卡塔利娜夫人表示对玛塞拉并无敌意，但她会支持贝蒂的。 第三季第15集 秘书部门的姑娘们都为贝蒂认识了一个法国男人而感到高兴。阿曼多和马里奥在为出差做准备。丹尼尔请贝蒂吃晚饭，使得尼古拉斯感到非常的不满。贝蒂去赴了丹尼尔的约会，丹尼尔提出要提前拿到支票的要求，遭到了贝蒂的拒绝。阿曼多为贝蒂答应和丹尼尔一起吃饭感到非常地不满。 第三季第16集 艾利萨贝前来帮助乌戈给秘书部门的姑娘们做造型设计。玛塞拉决定在阿曼多出差期间前往迈阿密。秘书部门的姑娘们意外的发现尼古拉斯将手机借给了帕特里西亚。玛塞拉因为拿不到出差的钱和机票，借机和贝蒂大吵了一场。尼古拉斯将手机借给了帕特里西亚以此来讨好她。但他将帕特里西亚原来的汽车买了回来却遭到了帕特里西亚的痛斥，使他十分的沮丧。 第三季第17集 阿曼多回来了，可是他并没有去找贝蒂。阿乌拉·玛丽亚和弗雷迪之间的关系越来越糟。贝蒂为了晚上时装发布会的事召集众人到会议室去开会。众人正在开会时，桑德拉突然进入告诉阿曼多他等的人已经到了。亚历山德拉的到来引起了众人的猜测。秘书部门的人急于查清她到底是什么人。贝蒂也为此感到心神不宁。阿曼多带着亚历山德拉参观了公司的情况。 第三季第18集 阿曼多带着亚历山德拉参观制衣车间，帕特里西亚去打探消息，结果被阿曼多发现，贝尔塔的行动也同样被发现了。秘书部门的姑娘们将知道的情况告诉给贝蒂，使得贝蒂的心里十分烦闷。亚历山德拉为埃科时装公司新的销售策略所打动，急于要认识贝蒂。阿曼多将她介绍给了众人。亚的出现引起了大家不同的猜测。 第三季第19集 贝蒂为晚上的时装发布会精心的打扮一下，并邀请了自己的父母前来参加。姑娘们被邀请参加了时装发布会，并以此来嘲笑帕特里西亚不能参加。玛塞拉的突然出现使得帕特里西亚惊喜异常。在发布会的现场，各大电台的记者争相采访贝蒂。整个秘书部门也异常的活跃。乌戈在接受采访时透露了他要离开的消息。 第三季第20集 乌戈用发布会前应该有人致开幕词的事情刁难贝蒂。阿曼多前去给贝蒂鼓劲，使她终于勇敢的站在了舞台上。在时装表演接近尾声的时候，乌戈突然当众宣布将有一场特别的演出奉献给大家。他要秘书部门的姑娘们上台去表演。贝蒂不甘被乌戈摆布，在她的鼓励下，丑姑娘们的表演获得了巨大的成功。 第三季第21集 贝蒂并没有因为乌戈的行为而责难他，而是力劝乌戈继续留在埃科时装公司，贝蒂的行为最终感动了乌戈，打消了他辞职的念头。玛塞拉和帕特里西亚提前离开了发布会现场。丹尼尔借机和贝蒂搭讪以便能达到他的目的，贝蒂给了他有力的还击。 第三季第22集 贝蒂因为阿曼多的变化而感到苦恼。阿曼多决定去玛塞拉解决他们俩人之间的问题，玛塞拉对阿曼多提出的分手的决定十分痛苦。阿曼多终于离开了玛塞拉。第二天，秘书部门的姑娘们在帕特里西亚面前炫耀她们登台表演的事。玛塞拉来到了公司，众人都想来知道阿曼多和玛塞拉之间到底怎么样了。 第三季第23集 贝尔塔前去偷听玛塞拉和帕特里西亚的谈话，并把阿曼多和玛塞拉分手的消息告诉了贝蒂，可贝蒂并没有为此而高兴起来。亚历山德拉来到了公司准备和埃科签订合同。贝蒂召集众人前往会议室。会议上虽然玛塞拉提出了不同的意见，但最终合同还是顺利的签订了。秘书们来到了贝蒂的办公室想安慰她，却使得贝蒂更加的心烦意乱。贝尔塔前去拿杯子的时候，意外的发现了尼古拉斯和帕特里西亚一起离开。 第三季第24集 亚历山德拉和阿曼多在饭店门口告别了，虽然亚历山德拉向阿曼多表示喜欢他，但是阿曼多还是向她坦白了他仍然在爱着贝蒂的事实。尼古拉斯请帕特里西亚吃晚饭，席间却遭到了她一通责骂。秘书们一大早来到公司，却意外的发现了帕特里西亚躲在尼古拉斯的汽车里。她们抓住机会极力的渲染两人之间的关系，气得帕特里西亚七窍生烟。阿曼多精神抖擞的来到了公司，众人们纷纷猜想他昨晚是怎么度过的。贝蒂奉劝尼古拉斯不要和帕特里西亚在一起。 第四季第1集 贝蒂当上了编辑，和米更共用一个办公室。米更对贝蒂带来的小玩偶十分不屑，认为这些东西不够时尚。而马克和第二世界剧情阿曼达则因为贝蒂当上了编辑，而对她变得十分排斥。 克莱尔决定留用米娜，让她继续做主编。对此，马克十分高兴，但也觉得米娜有什么东西对自己保留。原来米娜的女儿妮可来了，妮可杀了男友，被私家侦探盯上，她十分害怕。 丹尼尔回来了，但是形象落魄，他还沉浸在妻子之死中。 贾斯汀新学期开始，海拉达依旧把他打扮成孩子的模样。穿粉衬衫上学的贾斯汀被同学所冷落，十分自卑。于是，向马克求助，请教如何让自己变得时尚。马克把自己的衣服给了贾斯汀，海拉达知道后去还钱，听说衣服价值400美元大吃一惊。而马克也告诉她，贾斯汀在学校受欺负，这件事情让海拉达听了心里十分难受。 贝蒂请大家吃松籽饼，马克食物过敏，并因此入院。 第四季第2集 贝蒂的时尚选项策划内容为关注第三世界国家的人，她请所有的人一起帮助选题的拍摄。正在筹备的时候，贝蒂接第二世界剧情到电话，保安说丹尼尔在楼下破坏广告。贝蒂赶过去阻止，带走发疯的丹尼尔，并且留在丹尼尔的家里照顾他。丹尼尔表示自己无法摆脱妻子去世的阴影，在家里也总想砸东西。 次日一早，贝蒂赶去拍片现场。麦特对贝蒂的迟到十分不满，两人吵起来。丹尼尔赶到，给了麦特一拳。米娜把贝蒂和丹尼尔赶出拍片现场。事后，丹尼尔告诉贝蒂，她已经不是自己的助理，她是一个编辑。两个人都应该知道自己身份的变化。 米娜带女儿妮可一起见侦探，并且编造了个谎言。可是，妮可说漏了嘴，侦探怀疑中间有问题。 海拉达找儿子谈心，希望儿子能有什么心事都告诉自己。 一切都变了，贾斯汀不再是小孩子，他已经进入了青春期。贝蒂也不再是小助理，而是大编辑，加班晚了有专车送她回家。看着城市的夜色，贝蒂对自己的未来充满信心。 第四季第3集 丹尼尔为了解决烦心事，决定去参加集体活动，并在遇到了刚刚失去男友的娜塔莉，两个伤心一拍即和，不但互相第二世界剧情安慰，还是一起半夜游泳。 专题需要重新制作，贝蒂再约著名设计师伊文见面，并相约在父亲开的餐厅里见面。马克知道 此事后，决定从中作梗，于是他在同一家餐厅订餐，并且让阿曼达约会麦特。麦特和贝蒂看到对方带着情侣吃饭，全都心不在焉，贝蒂搞砸专访，麦特搞砸了晚宴。贝蒂找阿曼达道歉，两人交流后发现是马克从中作梗，十分生气。阿曼达打了马克一个耳光，贝蒂则教训马克，让他放平心态。 米娜再遇卡侬，卡侬告诉米娜自己很想念她，所以特地回来了。对此，米娜虽然半信半疑，但还是卡侬亲密相拥。 第四季第4集 丹尼尔招了一位美女助理兰西，这让贝蒂很不开心。不过丹尼尔却对新助理信心满满，但是兰西工作起来十分怠慢第二世界剧情，这样丹尼尔十分不满。丹尼考虑再三，认为兰西更适合做模特，于是介绍她做模特。 米娜害怕女儿妮可一个人在家出乱子，于是带她去上班。妮可发现母亲受克莱尔排挤，并且听说克莱尔请法国《ELLE》杂志的主编来主持杂志，偷偷的打电话给对方，告诉她克莱尔很难相处。于是对方推掉工作，米娜可以稳座自己的主编位置。 马克向妮可套近乎，米娜看到，害怕女儿杀人一事败露，于是让马克给贝蒂当助理。对此，马克十分不高兴。两人一起找到丹尼尔，问为什么选择贝蒂当编辑，而没有选择马克。丹尼尔支支吾吾，米娜直言是用投硬币的方式选中贝蒂。于是，贝蒂决定帮助马克，两人关系重又融洽。 海拉达的男友阿车因为竞选而很少和她见面，于是海拉达拍了艳照传给男友，一不小心按错了键，结果所有的人都收到了这张照片。包括海拉达的父亲也收到了她的艳照。 第四季第5集 米娜为西藏孩子助学多年，丹尼尔知道此事后，向她致敬。马克决定借题发挥，发起一个募捐派对，于是女士们都第二世界剧情四处寻觅自己的搭档。麦特邀请了阿曼达，丹尼尔邀请了自己的新助理，贝蒂找不到男伴，十分失落。 阿曼达在网上发布征男友启事，邀请了一批男士来家里，让贝蒂从中挑选男伴，对此贝蒂很无语。 丹尼尔无意中撞见母亲克莱儿和卡尔亲热，十分生气。事实上，克莱儿和卡尔曾经相恋，二人还共同生了一个孩子，不过因为各自有家庭，所以他们把孩子送到了收养院。克莱尔的希望再找到自己的孩子。 卡斯泰拉侦探再度找到米娜和妮可，告诉她们自己在游轮上发现了血渍，这些血渍是让妮可入狱的有利证据。如果米娜想保护女儿的话，只能选择破财免灾。米娜没有那么多钱给他，于是让马克去找此人的不良证据。米娜和马克来到声色场所，发现躺在床上的卡斯泰拉侦探和勒索自己的不是同一个人。对此，二人迷惑不解，总觉得事情蹊跷。 第四季第6集 米娜为了给女儿还债，想到了前男友卡侬。因为，卡侬曾找到过米娜，让她陪自己一起离开这里，过另外一种生活第二世界剧情。为了再度找到卡侬，米娜决定辞职，并且公开对媒体说：“我想过另外一种生活。”然后，不久，米娜得到消息：卡侬被人杀害了，尸体在海边被发现。米娜陷入绝望的境地。与此同时，米娜的女儿妮可，暗地里发短信给朋友：“我妈快要筹到钱了。” 海拉达和贝蒂逛街的时候遇到鲍比，鲍比是海拉达的初恋情人。即使是现在，看到鲍比，海拉达依旧砰然心动。不过，两人已经不可能再续前缘了。贝蒂也爱着鲍比，假借要学手动开车而接触鲍比，两人感情越来越好，贝蒂还亲吻了鲍比，不过她知道两人不可能相恋，因为不是一类人。 阿曼达参加了丹尼尔的凤凰社团，她发现这里的人都神叨叨的，劝丹尼尔退出。丹尼尔没有听阿曼达的劝说，继续留下来。社团的领导本尼特给丹尼尔一杯水，让他喝下去，说喝下去之后就能看见莫莉了。丹尼尔信以为真。 贾斯汀在学校受到奚落，不过他勇敢反击。 第四季第7集 贝蒂和克莱儿听说丹尼尔去了社团，并要进入第七层境界，十分害怕。麦特和阿曼达约会的时候，也无意中听说丹第二世界剧情尼尔要在本尼特的主持下进入第七层精神境界，十分担心。于是，贝蒂、克莱儿、麦特、阿曼达四人一起探望丹尼尔。四个人起初来到总部，发现走错了地方。随后，贝蒂和克莱儿赶到了莫莉的家，他们发现丹尼尔已经喝药。贝蒂唤醒了神情恍惚的丹尼尔。经过一场人生历炼的丹尼尔，决定开始新生活。 马克无意中发现妮可竟然和卡斯泰拉侦探异常亲热，于是怀疑两人一起图谋骗钱。马克把自己的发现告诉了米娜，米娜质问妮可，妮可辩称自己是为害怕入狱才这样做的。米娜告诉妮可不要害怕，自己还有一串祖传项链可以卖，这笔钱足够满足卡斯泰拉的贪欲的了。母女俩拥抱在一起，希望能够共渡难关。次日，妮可趁母亲不在的时候，偷偷的去拿项链，却发现只余下一个空盒。米娜出现，指责女儿骗自己。妮可则表示，母亲一直忙工作忽略了自己，自己并不爱妈妈，所以想到了骗妈妈钱的办法。自此，母女失和。 第四季第8集 圣诞节来了，父亲忙碌地准务家庭聚餐，但是海拉达和贝蒂都说身体不舒服匆匆地离开家。 晚上，贝蒂和海拉达分别去家附近的药店买了验孕棒。测试结果，贝蒂没怀孕，但是海拉达怀孕了。对此结果，麦特十分不开心，因为他很想当爸爸。海拉达的孩子不是阿恰的，他很伤心，祝服海拉达好运。孩子是鲍比的，鲍比却没有准备好做父亲。 杂志社来了新的创意总监丹尼斯，她之前不是媒体人，是电影制作公司的。这事让丹尼尔很气结。 丹尼尔和米娜达成协议。米娜去监狱里诱供卡侬，得出被他骗走的金钱的下落。回报是，米娜拥有杂志社的股份。为了追回钱款，丹尼尔同意了米娜的所有要求。 克莱儿听说了自己私生子的下落后，赶到小城酒店去见儿子。儿子是咖啡店的店员，长得英俊，为人热情。这让克莱儿十分欣慰。临走时，克莱儿留下2000美金的小费。 第四季第9集 在Ignacio特意准备了集多元文化的晚餐，以好好招待他那犹太籍的新情人Jean (Faith第二世界剧情 Prince饰) 的同时，Betty和Hilda则面对怀孕危机；当Betty和Hilda前往Jean任职的药房购买验孕工具时，更遇上Ignacio，令情况变得更怀！与此同时，Hartley任命Denise Ludwig (Nadia Dajani饰) 替代Willie，而Marc却计划重新聘任Willie，但Marc必须获得Daniel同意。 Claire在Amanda的协助下，找到她遗弃已久的儿子Tyler (Neal Bledsoe饰) 的下落。 第四季第10集 Betty发现她与Matt相聚的时间太多，难以消受，遂替Matt找新目标，转移他的专注力。 B第二世界剧情etty找来一所画廊展出Matt的作品；可是，结果却是意料之外的。另一边厢，Marc与Troy发生了一夜情后，Troy情倾他的首个伴侣Marc，令Marc惊讶不已。 Hilda踌躇着应否告知Bobby他是她腹中块肉的父亲。 Tony奖得主Christine Ebersole饰演画廊东主Frances；Jesse Tyler Ferguson再度参与本剧演出，饰演Betty的牙医Dr. Farkas。 第四季第11集 屡败屡战的Betty向Mr. Z(Fisher Stevens饰)倾诉这最倒楣的一周。 Welhem第二世界剧情ina所安排工作过于琐碎，令Betty感到泄气；同时，由于受到柯德莉夏萍的回忆录启发，她决心创作一个有关慈善企业的网志。可是，在实行这个计划的同时，Wilhemina借发掘美容专题故事之名，令Betty饱受煎熬。 第四季第12集 Betty为跟邻居们建立和睦的关系，打算在她的公寓大厦举办一个卡拉OK派对， 但派对还未举行，她却间第二世界剧情接引起大厦盗窃案。而Marc因在盗窃事件中失去了无法替代的东西，极度心烦意乱。与此同时，Daniel和Wilhelmina又起争端，Amanda只好运用计谋，安排他们见婚姻辅导员Dr. Sparks (Frank Whaley饰)；而Ignacio则拒绝接受Bobby与Hilda来往。 第四季第13集 Wilhelmina发现一个男扮女装的演员(由Vanessa Williams的亲弟Chris Wi第二世界剧情lliams饰演) 模仿她，令她愤怒不已。与此同时，Betty的网志获得一个奖项，触发了她和Daniel之间的紧张关系。她在网上发泄感受，得到粉丝的支持，却更使两人的不和升温，传媒亦不断地烦扰Daniel。 Amanda重新雇用Helen (Kristen Johnston饰)，但Wilhelmina命令Amanda解雇她，Amanda不忍亲自下手；另一方面，Marc与著名导演(Carlos Leon饰) 和一个女演员合作进行他的拍摄工作。 第四季第14集 时装周快到了，Wilhelmina没有分配工作给Betty，直到Daniel调停，Betty才被安排接手一个不受重视的时装秀。 Betty在这个时装秀中发现一个新的设计师Marisa，并推介她为十大触目设计师之一；可是，却被Marc夺去风头。与此同时，Amanda十分欣赏Helen (Kristen Johnston饰) 那出色的缝纫技术，打算与她合组发展一条新的时装生产线，可惜却未能说服Marc或Betty为她向Wilhelmina推荐。 Claire的儿子Tyler (Neal Bledsoe饰) 来到纽约找她；而Daniel则被带进模特儿行业。 第四季第15集 Betty为了找出家居失火的真相，她决定约会麻烦的消防员Jimmy (由《Mad Men》的Rich第二世界剧情 Sommer客串)，而现场情况绝对出乎她意料。至于Hilda则见家长，首次和Bobby的父母见面。 Wilhemina和一名旧友再会面，目的是为了证明她不为人知的一面。 展开 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 （剧情介绍参考资料： [2-14] ） 丑女贝蒂演职员表 丑女贝蒂演员表 亚美莉卡·弗伦拉 饰 贝蒂·苏亚雷斯 艾里克·马比乌斯 饰 丹尼·尔米德 凡妮莎·威廉斯 饰 威尔敏娜·斯莱特 迈克尔·尤瑞 饰 马克·圣詹姆仕 碧姬·纽顿 饰 阿曼达·塔嫩萨默斯 马克·印第里凯托 饰 贾斯汀·苏雷兹 阿娜·奥缇兹 饰 希尔达·苏雷兹 Isaac Mizrahi 饰 Fashion TV Reporter Daniel Eric Gold 饰 Matt Hartley 格兰特·鲍尔 饰 康纳·欧文斯 阿什丽·詹森 饰 克莉丝汀·麦金妮 蕾贝嘉·露美 饰 艾力克斯·米德 布莱特·卡伦 饰 Ted LeBeau 朱迪斯·赖特 饰 Claire Meade 马克思·格林菲尔德 饰 Nick Pepper 蒂姆·古恩 饰 Fashion TV Reporter 克里斯蒂安·德·拉·弗恩特 饰 Rodrigo Veloso 吉娜·格申 饰 Fabia 大卫·布鲁 饰 Cliff St. Paul 刘玉玲 饰 Grace Chin 瑞斯·考罗 饰 Vincent Bianchi 杰玛·梅斯 饰 Charlie 丽贝卡·罗梅恩 饰 Alexis Meade 伊万娜·米利塞维奇 饰 Lena 泰迪·西尔斯 饰 Hunter 露茜·戴维斯 饰 Fashion TV Anchor 安娜琳·麦考德 饰 Petra 伊里纳·道格拉斯 饰 Sheila 弗莱迪·罗德里格兹 饰 Giovanni 'Gio' Rossi Tony Plana 饰 Ignacio Suarez Elizabeth Payne 饰 Masked Lady Stelio Savante 饰 Steve 凯文·阿加罗 饰 Santos Diane Cary 饰 Bradford's Assistant 黛比·玛扎 饰 Leah Feldman 克里斯托弗·高哈姆 饰 Henry Grubstick Sal Landi 饰 Mr. Green Michael Edward Rose 饰 Driver Ava Gaudet 饰 Gina Gambarro 奥克塔维亚·斯宾瑟 饰 Constance Grady Jowharah Jones 饰 Nico Slater 拜利·切斯 饰 Becks Scott Cicily Daniels 饰 Zelda 洛莱妮·图桑特 饰 Yoga Arap Bethke 饰 Antonio Alec Mapa 饰 Suzuki St. Pierre Michael Shannon Jenkins 饰 Tavares 贾斯蒂娜·马查多 饰 Cousin Clara 阿什莉·里卡兹 饰 Sharra 格兰特·鲍尔 饰 Connor Owens Sarah Lafleur 饰 Molly 艾迪·斯比安 饰 Coach Diaz 劳伦·维莱斯 饰 Elena 丹尼尔·艾瑞克·高德 饰 Matt 拉尔夫·马奇奥 饰 Archie Rodriguez 琳赛·洛翰 饰 Kimmie Keegan 约翰·赵 饰 Kenny 亚当·罗德里格兹 饰 Bobby Talercio 大卫·拉斯彻 饰 Calvin Hartley Jeffrey J Adams 饰 Andre 尼尔·布莱德森 饰 Tyler 亚雅·达科斯塔 饰 Nico Slater 吉恩·西蒙斯 饰 Himself 克里斯汀·芭伦斯基 饰 Victoria Hartley 伊丽莎白·罗根 饰 Museum Patron 萨尔玛·海耶克 饰 Sofia Reyes George Aloi 饰 Awards Guest 杰米·林恩·迪斯卡拉 饰 Natalie 迪伦·贝克 饰 Bennett Wallis 克里斯坦·约翰逊 饰 Helen 杰西·泰勒·弗格森 饰 Dr. Farkas 纳迪雅·达珍妮 饰 Denise Ludwig 迈克尔·布瑞 饰 — 海伦娜·罗赫 饰 Mother - TV 丑女贝蒂职员表 制作人 萨尔玛·海耶克Salma Hayek、西尔维奥·霍塔Silvio Horta 导演 James Hayman、Tricia Brock、Victor Nelli Jr.、Lev L. Spiro、Wendey Stanzler、Michael Spiller、马特·沙克曼、Matt Shakman、Rodman Flender、约翰·特莱斯基、John Terlesky、朗·安德伍德、Ron Underwood、约翰·普奇、John Putch、Richard Heus、Paul Holahan、Tom Verica 副导演（助理） Courtney Franklin、Handel Whitmore、Allen DiGioia 编剧 西尔维奥·霍塔、Marco Pennette、Cameron Litvack、Sheila R. Lawrence、Fernando Gaitán、Cameron Litvack、James D. Parriott、Veronica Becker、Sarah Kucserka、Oliver Goldstick、Jon Kinnally 、Henry Alonso Myers、Tracy Poust、Bill Wrubel、Brian Tanen、Peter Elkoff、Chris Black、Dawn DeKeyser、Cara DiPaolo、Vivien Mejia 摄影 Ross Berryman、Michael A. Price 配乐 杰夫·比尔Jeff Beal 剪辑 Shawn Paper、Sharon Silverman、Barry L. Gold 、Jennifer Pulver、David Dworetzky、Sarah Boyd、Rob Seidenglanz、Mark S. Manos 选角导演 Libby Goldstein、Junie Lowry-Johnson、Jeff Greenberg、Geoffrey Soffer 艺术指导 Mark Worthington 美术设计 Jim Wallis、Kathleen Widomski、Charles E. McCarry、Jim Wallis 服装设计 Eduardo Castro、帕翠西亚·菲尔德Patricia Field 布景师 Archie D'Amico、Rich Devine、Janet Shaw 展开 （演职员表参考资料： [15] ） 丑女贝蒂角色介绍 贝蒂·苏亚雷斯 演员 亚美莉卡·弗伦拉 本剧的女主人公，戴着牙套和一副黑边眼镜的她在美女如云的时尚界显然是一只丑小鸭。年轻的贝蒂却是一个充满自信和创造力的聪明女孩，为帅哥老板Daniel担任助理。 丹尼尔·米德 演员 埃里克·马比乌斯 贝蒂的老板，年轻的他远比人们预想的精明得多，从哈佛毕业后他很快花光了遗产，正准备开始工作。十分有女人缘的他，最喜欢百吉圈，还爱睡懒觉。 贾斯汀·苏雷兹 演员 马克·印第里凯托 贝蒂的外甥，在杰克逊高级中学学习英语和Home EC，小小年纪的他曾画出玛莎·斯图尔特牢房的透视图，并获得“最有创意奖”。平时最喜欢“热舞革命”和电视里的时尚马拉松。他还是个未来的导演，去年亲自选角并执导了一部儿童剧，在当地的基督教青年会演出。贾斯汀不但是贝蒂的外甥，还是她的好朋友，甚至比她更热爱她的工作。 希尔达·苏雷兹 演员 安娜·奥蒂兹 前美国青少年小姐，贝蒂的姐姐，贾斯汀的母亲。极度憎恶医院的她就连生产也不愿踏进医院。她的爱好包括寻找打折商品、和人斗嘴，在美发沙龙把头发拉直。 伊格奈西奥·苏雷兹 演员 托尼·普兰纳 贝蒂的父亲，被女儿看作是最爱国、全勤奋的人。年轻时代是一位相当优秀的业余拳手，尽管贝蒂的母亲已经过世，他对亡妻的感情依旧很深。因为心律不齐接受治疗的他，一有机会就要偷偷喝一杯被禁止的咖啡。他是个多米诺骨牌的好手；每周六都要买四注百万球彩票；还是女儿心目中最棒的厨子。 威赫尔米娜·斯莱特 演员 范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯 杂志的设计总监，在《Mode》工作了20年，经验丰富，为人尖刻。39岁的她是一位前模特，曾与多位社交名流传出过绯闻。所有颜色中最喜欢白色。 布拉福·米德 演员 艾伦·戴尔 米德出版社的总裁和创始人，Daniel的父亲，贝蒂虽然对他了解不多，但她感觉自己很快会熟悉他。 阿曼达 演员 贝基·纽顿 接待员，成天在桌旁研究时尚杂志。因为叔叔的关系，她的手上总会有多余的戏票和人交易。一直梦想着嫁入王室——最好是公爵，因为“嫁给王子压力太大”。每三天就要扔掉一双鞋，通常是她自己的。 马克 演员 迈克尔·乌里 威赫尔米娜的助手，最喜欢看《疯狂主妇》和《Project Catwalk》真人秀，相传他每季都会参赛却总是被踢出局。他收藏的领带在吉尼斯纪录上都有挂名，只有全盛期的Orville Redenbacher能与之一争高下。 克里斯蒂娜 演员 阿什莉·詹森 是贝蒂在《Mode》最好的朋友，也是她的试金石，反应机敏，古道热肠。上大学时从苏格兰移民到美国。来自一个大家庭，兄弟姐妹人数众多，所以她认为少一个父母也不会发现。极富创造力的她差一点就推出自己的服装品牌，贝蒂相信她迟早会成为最著名的设计师。 沃尔特 演员 凯文·苏斯曼 可以算作贝蒂的前男友，Pro-Buy的销售经理助理。喜欢下象棋，玩射击游戏，教宠物鹦鹉Gandalf说话，向人炫耀他20%的pro-buy帐户，他最得意的时刻莫过于在太空营被当成导弹专家来介绍。 展开全部 （人物介绍参考资料： [16] ） 丑女贝蒂音乐原声 序号曲目La Fea mas Bella1La fea mas bella Margarita y Jorge Villamizar de Bacilos2Tu belleza es un misterio Angelica Vale y Jaime Camil3Duena de mi Vida Angels4Se Busca Un Hombre Niurka5El club de las feas Banda El Recodo6Aqui estare Angelica Vale7La fea mas bella Jorge Villamizar de Bacilos8Canalla9La secretaria10Mi Bom bon11Besela ya con Bacilos12Les gusta el cu13La fea mas bella Pista tipo karaoke发行日期：2006年3月20日参考资料： [17-18] 丑女贝蒂幕后花絮 确实存在过一本名为《MODE》的杂志，它以穿超大码服装的女性为目标读者。该杂志于2001年停刊。 尽管《丑女贝蒂》的故事发生在纽约，且在纽约拍摄了第一集，但该剧的其他部分都是在洛杉矶拍摄完成的。像其他电视剧一样，《贝蒂》也经常插入一些摄有纽约风光的资料片段以迷惑观众。 柏翠茜亚·菲尔德（PatriciaField，《欲望都市》与《穿普拉达的魔鬼》服装设计师）包揽了本剧首集的所有服装设计。《丑女贝蒂》移师洛杉矶后，居住在纽约的她离开了剧组。 贝蒂戴着的字母“B”珍珠项链是一件仿制品，仿的是曾经由亨利八世的第二任妻子、伊丽莎白一世的母亲安妮·博林戴过的那条著名的项链。 在贝蒂的床头柜上放着一本名叫《牛仔裤的夏天》（TheSisterhoodoftheTravelingPants）的书，亚美莉卡·弗伦拉曾在根据此书改编的同名电影中扮演Carmen这个角色。 《丑女贝蒂》的创造者SilvioHorta是一名公开的gay，他曾说在Justin身上看到了自己的童年。 纽约现代艺术博物馆展览外景那一场戏，实际上是在位于波士顿的新英格兰水族馆拍摄的，后期制作时运用CG技术对画面进行了处理。 在《FakePlasticSnow》这一集中，马克的全名是马克·圣-詹姆斯（MarkSaint-James），但在《Don'tAskDon'tTell》一集中，他的全名变成了马克·维纳（MarkWeiner）。 尽管法国时装频道FashionTV多次在本剧中被提及，但二者并没有任何联系。 《丑女贝蒂》在美播出后获得巨大成功，很多人从中汲取万圣节服装的灵感。 《丑女贝蒂》还有位印度亲戚，即同以哥伦比亚版为蓝本的《JassiJaissiKoiNahin》，该剧在当地非常受欢迎，占据了电视台的黄金时段。彼贝蒂要早于美版贝蒂。 亚美莉卡·弗伦拉为了扮丑，每集要化妆45分钟。 （幕后花絮参考资料： [19] ） 丑女贝蒂获奖记录 时间届次奖项获奖者/作品获奖情况2007第59届艾美奖其他和技术类奖项-Outstanding Casting for a Comedy SeriesLibby Goldstein、Junie Lowry-Johnson获奖 喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳女主角亚美莉卡·费雷拉获奖 喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳导演理查德·谢帕德获奖 其他和技术类奖项-单镜头剧集最佳艺术指导Mark WorthingtonJim WallisArchie D'Amico提名 其他和技术类奖项-剧集类最佳服装Eduardo CastroMichael R. Chapman提名 其他和技术类奖项-最佳片头设计Garson Yu提名 其他和技术类奖项-剧集类最佳发型设计Mary Ann ValdesLynda Kyle WalkerNorma Lee提名 喜剧类剧集-喜剧类最佳剧集西尔维奥·霍塔、萨尔玛·海耶克提名 喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳女配角范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯提名喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳客座女演员萨尔玛·海耶克提名喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳客座女演员朱迪斯·赖特提名第64届美国金球奖电视类-音乐喜剧类最佳剧集《丑女贝蒂》获奖电视类-音乐喜剧类剧集最佳女主角亚美莉卡·费雷拉获奖第33届人民选择奖最受欢迎剧情类新剧《丑女贝蒂》提名第9届青少年选择奖最佳TV反派范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯获奖最佳突破TV演员亚美莉卡·费雷拉获奖最佳喜剧剧集《丑女贝蒂》提名最佳突破TV剧集《丑女贝蒂》提名2008第60届艾美奖其他和技术类奖项 -单镜头剧集最佳艺术指导 Archie D'AmicoJim WallisMark Worthington提名其他和技术类奖项-剧集类最佳服装Eduardo CastroMichael R. Chapman提名其他和技术类奖项-Outstanding Casting for a Comedy SeriesJeff GreenbergMark Scott提名其他和技术类奖项-单镜头系列剧最佳发型设计Norma LeeKim MessinaMary Ann ValdesLynda Kyle Walker提名喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳女主角亚美莉卡·费雷拉提名喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳女配角范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯提名第65届美国金球奖电视类-音乐喜剧类剧集最佳女主角亚美莉卡·费雷拉提名第10届青少年选择奖青少年选择奖-最佳喜剧TV男演员 迈克尔·尤瑞提名青少年选择奖-最佳喜剧TV女演员亚美莉卡·费雷拉提名青少年选择奖-最佳TV反派范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯提名青少年选择奖-最佳喜剧剧集丑女贝蒂提名2009第61届艾美奖其他和技术类奖项-剧集类最佳服装Pat FieldMolly Rogers提名喜剧类剧集-喜剧类剧集最佳女配角范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯提名第66届美国金球奖电视类-音乐喜剧类剧集最佳女主角亚美莉卡·费雷拉提名第11届青少年选择奖青少年选择奖-最佳喜剧TV女演员 亚美莉卡·费雷拉提名青少年选择奖-最佳TV美人迈克尔·尤瑞提名青少年选择奖-最佳TV反派范妮莎·L·威廉姆斯提名青少年选择奖-最佳TV帮手迈克尔·尤瑞提名青少年选择奖-最佳喜剧剧集丑女贝蒂提名青少年选择奖-最佳TV家长Tony Plana提名（获奖记录参考资料： [20] ） 丑女贝蒂幕后制作 制作公司Touchstone Television[美国]发行公司美国广播公司[美国]CITY-TV[加拿大]Channel 4 Television Corporation[英国]E4[英国]（幕后制作参考资料： [21] ） 丑女贝蒂播出信息 第一季 国家/地区 播出时间 电视频道播出时段 平均收视美国2006年9月28日美国ABC每周四晚 8:001130万观众第二季 国家/地区 播出时间 电视频道播出时段 平均收视美国2007年10月04日美国ABC每周四晚 8:00940万观众第三季 国家/地区 播出时间 电视频道播出时段 平均收视美国2008年09月25日美国ABC每周四晚 8:00800万观众第四季 国家/地区 播出时间 电视频道播出时段 平均收视美国2009年10月16日美国ABC每周五晚 8:00450万观众2010年01月06日每周三晚喜剧夜（播出信息参考资料： [22] ） 丑女贝蒂剧集评价 该剧改编自哥伦比亚同名电视剧，在美国一经播出就引起反响，影响力触及全球。《丑女贝蒂》的故事和当今流行的网络小说极其相似。故事内核的吸引力与积极励志的价值观都是贝蒂走红的重要因素。（时光网评 [23-24] ） 美剧《丑女贝蒂》于2006年秋首播，开播后一炮走红，成为热播剧，但此后收视率每况愈下，制作方几番努力仍无法“翻身”。该剧将要终结的消息令剧迷们颇感惋惜。（腾讯网评 [25] ） 在《丑女贝蒂》中，贝蒂的平庸的长相很自然地成了浮华的时尚圈男女们嘲讽的目标，然而她仍然凭着自己的智慧和人格魅力为自己打出一条路来，新版《丑女贝蒂》可不像《简爱》那样“苦大仇深”，而是保持了原作轻松幽默的氛围。（人民网评 [26] ） 词条图册 更多图册 参考资料 1. 丑女贝蒂剧情简介 ．搜视网[引用日期2015-05-10] 2. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（1--9） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 3. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（10--15） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 4. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（16--21） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 5. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（22--27） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 6. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（28--33） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 7. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（34－39） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 8. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（40－44） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 9. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（45－49） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 10. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（50－54） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 11. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（55－59） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 12. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（60－64） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 13. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（65－69） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 14. 美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》剧情分集介绍（70－75） ．搜狐网[引用日期2015-05-11] 15. 丑女贝蒂 演职员表 ．时光网[引用日期2015-05-10] 16. 资料：美国电视剧《丑女贝蒂》人物介绍 ．新浪网[引用日期2015-05-10] 17. 《丑女贝蒂》主创集体亮相 庆祝第一季DVD发行 ．新浪网[引用日期2015-05-11] 18. 新浪乐库 丑女贝蒂影视原声（欧美） ．新浪网[引用日期2015-05-11] 19. 丑女贝蒂 幕后揭秘 ．时光网[引用日期2015-05-08] 20. 丑女贝蒂 获奖记录 ．时光网[引用日期2015-05-08] 21. 丑女贝蒂 更多资料 制作发行 ．时光网[引用日期2015-05-10] 22. 《迷失》完结《24》离开 解析人气美剧落幕原因 ．网易网[引用日期2015-05-10] 23. 美剧翻拍似豪赌 接地气大获全胜 生搬硬套一败涂地 ．时光网[引用日期2015-05-10] 24. 丑女贝蒂 演职员表-Mtime时光网 ．www.movie.mtime.com/49881/fullcredits.com.cn．2019年1月20日[引用日期2019-01-20] 25. 美剧《丑女贝蒂》不堪收视低迷 即将画上句点 ．腾讯网[引用日期2015-05-10] 26. 美国新剧“丑女”称雄 《丑女贝蒂》收视夺冠 ．人民网[引用日期2015-05-10] 展开全部 收起\n\n丑女贝蒂的原型是哪部哥伦比亚电视剧?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "b71335cf252f4b3e8f74668c934178cc", "conversation_index": 259131, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1055, "prompt": "帮我将下面这段python代码转换为C89标准的代码\n\nimport pmt\nimport numpy\nfrom decoder import event_handler as event\nfrom gnuradio import gr\n\nclass rds_synchronizer(gr.sync_block):\n    #Class attributes\n    #Parity-check matrix\n    H=[\n        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],\n        [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],\n        [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],\n        [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],\n        [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],\n        [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],\n        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],\n        [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],\n        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],\n        [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],\n        [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1]];\n    H=numpy.concatenate((numpy.identity(10, int), H), axis=0);\n    H=numpy.matrix(H);\n    # see Annex B, table B.1 in the standard\n    # offset word C' has been put at the end\n    offset_pos=[0,1,2,3,2];\n    offset_name=[\"A\",\"B\",\"C\",\"D\",\"C'\"];\n    offset_word=[\n            0b0011111100,\n            0b0110011000,\n            0b0101101000,\n            0b0110110100,\n            0b1101010000];\n    syndrome=[\n            0b1111011000,\n            0b1111010100,\n            0b1001011100,\n            0b1001011000,\n            0b1111001100];\n    syndrome_err_patterns=dict();\n    for i in range(0,22):\n        for j in range(0,2**5):\n            e=numpy.zeros(26, numpy.int)\n            e[i]=j&0b01;\n            e[i+1]=(j>>1)&0b01;\n            e[i+2]=(j>>2)&0b01;\n            e[i+3]=(j>>3)&0b01;\n            e[i+4]=(j>>4)&0b01;\n            e=numpy.matrix(e);\n\n            s=numpy.mod(e*H,2);\n\n            #We convert e and s to integers\n            e_int=0;\n            for k in range(0,26):\n                e_int=(e_int<<1)|e[0,k];\n\n            s_int=0;\n            for k in range(0,10):\n                s_int=(s_int<<1)|s[0,k];\n\n            syndrome_err_patterns[s_int]=e_int;\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        #Parent constructor\n        gr.sync_block.__init__(self,\n            name=\"RDS sink\",\n            in_sig=[ numpy.uint8 ],\n            out_sig=None);\n\n        #Register message ports\n        self.message_port_register_out(pmt.intern('Group'));\n\n        #Attributes definitions\n        self.reset_attr();\n\n        #Events definitions\n        self.sync_event=event.event(); #fire(True) if synced, fire(False) else\n\n    def reset_attr(self):\n        self.sync_bit_counter = 0;\n        self.lastseen_o"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "3c3f2cff0b2f4da68694c3e673bf63fa", "conversation_index": 698847, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1042, "prompt": "translate this to Brazilian portuguese: \n\n1\n00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,162\nWWW.MY-SUBS.CO\n\n1\n00:00:01,287 --> 00:00:02,960\nPreviously on NAME_1...\n\n2\n00:00:02,963 --> 00:00:04,030\nI understand you're moving forward\n\n3\n00:00:04,032 --> 00:00:05,803\nwith NAME_2's grant database.\n\n4\n00:00:05,806 --> 00:00:07,700\nI was an intrinsic part of that.\n\n5\n00:00:07,703 --> 00:00:09,403\nHmm. NAME_2 didn't mention you.\n\n6\n00:00:09,406 --> 00:00:12,238\nOf course he didn't, that\npint-sized little credit hog.\n\n7\n00:00:12,241 --> 00:00:13,307\nWhat did you decide?\n\n8\n00:00:13,310 --> 00:00:14,310\nI'm cutting everybody out\n\n9\n00:00:14,312 --> 00:00:15,381\nand doing this myself.\n\n10\n00:00:15,383 --> 00:00:17,067\n- What?\n- I don't need the university,\n\n11\n00:00:17,070 --> 00:00:18,743\nand I don't need NAME_3.\n\n12\n00:00:18,746 --> 00:00:20,434\nHow are you gonna pay for all this?\n\n13\n00:00:20,437 --> 00:00:22,188\nI'll find private investors.\nThey can pay for it\n\n14\n00:00:22,190 --> 00:00:23,922\non the condition I'm left alone.\n\n15\n00:00:23,924 --> 00:00:27,127\nAre you sure you don't want to\nthink about this a little more?\n\n16\n00:00:27,130 --> 00:00:28,707\nPerhaps you're right.\n\n17\n00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:30,531\nDone. I'm good.\n\n18\n00:00:34,066 --> 00:00:36,266\nGood morning. I'm NAME_4.\n\n19\n00:00:36,269 --> 00:00:38,504\nThank you for taking the\ntime to hear my proposal.\n\n20\n00:00:38,506 --> 00:00:41,039\nI have some handouts.\n\n21\n00:00:41,041 --> 00:00:42,541\nI-I'm sorry, who are you?\n\n22\n00:00:42,543 --> 00:00:44,175\nOh, I'm... NAME_4.\n\n23\n00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:47,446\nI'm here to pitch my idea\nfor a grant computer database.\n\n24\n00:00:47,448 --> 00:00:48,796\nHow old are you?\n\n25\n00:00:48,799 --> 00:00:50,982\nWhen you hear my presentation,\nI believe you'll realize\n\n26\n00:00:50,984 --> 00:00:52,451\nmy age is irrelevant.\n\n27\n00:00:52,453 --> 00:00:55,186\nSo there's no adult with you?\n\n28\n00:00:55,188 --> 00:00:58,626\nWell, my mom drove me here, but\nI told her to wait in the car.\n\n29\n00:00:59,727 --> 00:01:00,926\nIs this a joke?\n\n30\n00:01:00,928 --> 00:01:02,140\nI assure you, it's not.\n\n31\n00:01:02,143 --> 00:01:03,929\nWhen I make jokes, I\nfollow them with a \"bazinga\"\n\n32\n00:01:03,931 --> 00:01:04,930\nso it's clear.\n\n33\n00:01:04,932 --> 00:01:07,067\nLike this: \"Bazinga.\"\n\n34\n00:01:08,276 --> 00:01:10,946\nHow long does it take\nto grow a mustache?\n\n35\n00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:30,020\n- <font color=\"#D81D1D\">Synced and corrected by VitoSilans</font> -\n-- <font color=\"#138CE9\">www.MY-SUBS.com</font> --\n\n36\n00:01:31,892 "}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "5ce572fcd5b6a748804587090e4f37aae4395a5c03232f6e", "conversation_index": 5700, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 27969, "prompt": "Table Tennis\nHistory Journal\nFebruary\n2021\n93\nExcellent reading for Historians, Collectors,\nand all Lovers of our Great Sport\nWhat a discovery !     Pages 4-6\n2\nTable Tennis\nHistory\nJournal\nFrom the Editor\nDear Friends,\nWelcome to the 93rd edition of the Table Tennis History Journal.\nWe begin with the story of two extraordinary men with long\ncareers in our sport, Jean Devys (FRA), and Yao Zhenxu (CHN).\nFabio has found another fine array of interesting and rare items,\nand we are grateful for his sharing with us. Alan Duke (ENG)\nreports on a trio of early books, & continues his series on early\nnewspaper articles.   Jorge Arango (COL) sends his 12th & final\ninstallment on early pirated images.  Jorge also found a rare and\npreviously unknown book about Ping Pong from 1903, our back\ncover story.  Bruno Lancon (FRA) reports on his discovery of many\nfine bats, including a seldom seen Stiga Johnny Leach.\nGraham Trimming (ENG) informs us about the careers of two\nearly English stars who became important ETTA figures.\nGünther Angenendt (GER) sends copies of early issues of\nTisch-Tennis magazines, each with excellent cover photos\nof historic moments and top players.\nAuction Action reports on recent trends, with some surprising\ndiscoveries and prices.\nHope you enjoy the new issue.  Feedback always welcomed. Next\nedition scheduled for June 1, 2021.\nFor our sport, Table Tennis. For All. For Life.\nEditor and Publisher:\nChuck Hoey, Honorary Curator\nITTF Museum, China TT Museum\nContact:   ittfmuseum@yahoo.com\nPublishing Schedule:\nJune 1  \nSubmit articles by May 15\nOct 1  \nSubmit articles by Sep 15\nFeb 1  \nSubmit articles by Jan 15\nIn this issue …\nAuction\nAction\nTrends\n58-68\nNo. 93\nFebruary 2021\nFabio’s\nTreasures\n4-9\nPirated\nImages\n22-32\nBook:  80\n Jorge Arango\nChuck\nBack Page:\n    Jorge:\n1903 book\n    Japan\nJean Devys\nYao Zhenxu\nExtraordinary!\n3\nTrio of Books\n14-16\nNewspapers\n33-43\n  Alan Duke\nRackets\n10-13\nBruno Lancon\nTisch-\nTennis\n46-57\nGünther\nAngenendt\nFabio\nResearch:\nG. Ross &\nP. Warden\n17-21\nGraham\nTrimming\nHans-Peter\nTrautmann\nRare Early\nPhoto\n21\nPhilatelic\nUpdate\n44-45\nWorld Championships History: Missing Scores\nWe are tantalizingly close to finishing the Men’s Singles\nscores, needing only 2 game scores from 1936 Rd. Of 16:\n          Joffe 3-1 Proffitt;  Sziff  3-0  Marin-Goldberger\nFor the Women’s Singles scores we need to find:\n1936 Rd. 16: wins by Smidova (3-0), Gal (3-1) & Koudelova\n1947 Rd. 16: wins by Hruskova (3-2),  Abou Heif (3-2), Pritz\n1949 Rd. 16: all game scores, except Farkas v. Wijk\nVisit: ittf.com/history/documents/past-world-championship-results\nfor pdfs of all World Ch. Results, & click on Missing Scores\nYAO ZHENXU (CHN)\n Personal Honorary\nMember of the ITTF\nYao Zhenxu has devoted his entire life to Table Tennis,\nand is also a master philatelic collector.  He was recently\nappointed a Personal Honorary Member of the ITTF.\nHere is the ITTF announcement:\nYao Zhenxu has been recognised for his longstanding\ncommitment to international table tennis by becoming\nPersonal Honorary Member of the ITTF.\nYao Zhenxu played his part in China – US “Ping Pong\nDiplomacy” relations. He held the role of Chinese Team\nManager between 1985-1995. Thereafter, he worked as\nITTF Technical Committee Chair between 1995-2009 and\nVice President of the Chinese Table Tennis Association\n(CTTA) between 1995-2014. He was also Tournament\nDirector at the 1995 World Championships in Tianjin and\n2005 World Championships in Shanghai.\nAs Vice President of CTTA, Yao Zhenxu coordinated the\nhosting of several international tournaments and helped\nmany international athletes to train in China, thus\nhelping to develop and popularize the sport of table\ntennis in China and across the world.\nJEAN DEVYS   (FRA)\n Celebrates His 90th Year\nTwo Extraordinary Men\nTwo Distinguished Collectors\nJean Devys has been with us since the beginnings, a master\ncollector of Table Tennis philately.  In 2020 he celebrated his\n90th birthday anniversary - congratulations Jean!  He is also a\ncyclist enthusiast.\nJean began his career organizing activities for young people in\nRoubaix and the Flanders region in the 1950s.  His first report\nin the French Table Tennis magazine appeared in 1958, and\nhe was elected to the FFTT Management Committee, in\ncharge of publicity.\nHe went on to become President of the Ligue des Flanders,\nand chairman of the national Youth committee. In 1980 he\nwas elected Vice-President of the French Federation, and\nbecame a member of the ITTF Ranking Committee and the\nEuropean Youth Committee.\nIn 1984 he was elected in Moscow a member of the\nETTU management committee (til 1996), in charge of\npublicity and youth committees, til 1994, when he\nbecame E.T.T.U. vice-president.  Bravo Jean !\n   3\nNew Discoveries - Old Treasures\n            Fabio’s Fabuloso Finds\nFabio has become a true legend for his\namazing ability to find ‘the good stuff’.  His\nwell-trained eagle eye spotted some\npotential in a mixed lot of dusty rackets in\na recent English auction.\nAfter they arrived he carefully cleaned\nthem and his hunch proved correct - he\nhad indeed found ‘new discoveries, old\ntreasures’, and they were … fabulosos!\nLets have a look.\nLeft:  a beautiful Briggs Barna\nBelow left:  Bat with fine bulbous grip\nBelow right: Rare Vulliamy sandpaper bat\n     4\nAbove:  Pimpled rubber wood bat with triangular head\nLeft:  Wood bat with stylized grip & spiral pyrography\nAbove: Offset bat a la Fred Perry, with\n              finger notch\nRight:   Oval fretwork bat\n   5\nAovve:  Bulbous grip vellum drum racket\nLeft: Bent wood strung ‘Ping Pong’ racket\nVera Dace bat. Vera was an English\ninternational who won 3 English\nOpens, & 3 Gold, 3 Bronze in World\nChampionships, 1947-1950\nWood bat with ribbed blade\n  6\n7\nFine box used as a winner’s prize for a Ping Pong tournament held in Tientsin, China.  The\nAmerine Club was the new name for the old Tientsin Men’s Club, changed at the end of\nWorld War II.  There were several western settlements outside of Tientsin at the time.\nThe lower right  inscription is the maker’s mark in Chinese characters.  The translation of\nthe symbols on the box lid:\npray for your own luck\n  learn from the ancient wisdom\ncolorful and shining\nendless waterflow with an everlasting mountain\nMaker’s mark on bottom\nTientsin was the old name for Tianjin\nBoxed set by R. Wylie Hill of Glasgow, with pair\nof large head vellum rackets with medium short\nhandles.  Especially rare are the Gossima style\nnet holders, with the white cloth belt apparatus\nfor securing the net under the table.\n    8\n   9\nArgentine announcement of Parlor-Tennis, with patent diagram,\nby E.I.Horsman Jr, 1890. Sets also exist with name Tiddledy Winks\nAward for the Victor Barna Cup, Helsinki.  Barna was\nso popular & successful that many awards in his name\nwere presented over the years.\nNew Discoveries, Old Treasures\nBruno Lancon  (FRA)\nStiga Johnny Leach !\nGerman advertisement for the Stiga Johnny\nLeach hardbat.  Johnny won the World\nSingles title in 1949 and 1951, so a circa\ndate for this bat is early 1950s\n  10\n3-ply\n    11\nStiga advertisement for their Johnny Leach bat\n   12\n‘Splendid’ bat\nSSS Driver bat.  S.B.T.F = Swedish\nTable Tennis Federation\n   13\nStigma ‘Puck’ bat\nStigma Gold Star bat\nApproved by SBTF\nMichel Haguenauer bat\n14\nA trio of books from 1902\nby Alan Duke\nThis first of these was new to me when I discovered it whilst researching at\nthe Bodleian Library, Oxford. I don’t believe that it has previously appeared\nin any Table Tennis Bibliography, and feel it worthy of inclusion for a number\nof reasons. Firstly it’s from the period of the very earliest publications on\ntable tennis (1902 claimed by the Library), if nothing else it adds another\nvariation on the name of the game (I hadn’t seen Dining-Table Tennis used\nbefore, until its appearance in TTH 86, page 52!), and there’s a quaint little\nsketch on the frontispiece!\nHOW TO PLAY BRIDGE, TABLE-TENNIS, AND OTHER INDOOR GAMES\nEdited by Mrs J B Horton.\nPublished by Gaskill and Webb, Paternoster Square, London.\n32 pages, hard back.\nMainly covering Bridge, but a few pages allocated to Table Tennis and Halma.\nRULES FOR TABLE TENNIS.\na. Two players take part in the game and stand at\nopposite ends of the table. The Server is the one who\nfirst delivers the ball, and the other, who endeavours\nto return it, is the Receiver.\nb. The Server should always deliver the ball from\nbeyond his end of the table, holding the racquet\nbelow the wrist. This is called the service.\nc. At the conclusion of the first game, the Receiver\nbecomes Server, and the Server the Receiver, and so\non alternately.\nd. When the ball is served it must drop on the half of\nthe table beyond the net to be in play, when the\nReceiver must endeavour to return the ball to his\nopponent’s half of the table. If, however, the Server\nfails to deliver the ball into play, but hits it into the\nnet or off the table, it counts one to the Receiver.\ne. Different from Lawn Tennis there is no second\nService.\nf. In serving, if a ball touch a net in passing over, it\nis a let, when no score is registered, and the Server\ndelivers the ball again.\ng. If the Receiver fails to return the ball over the net\nand on to the other half of the table then the server\nwins a stroke.\nh. When the Server fails to hit the ball over the net\non to the other half of the table the Receiver wins a\nstroke.\ni. Volleying is not allowed, (i.e. striking the ball\nbefore it drops on the table).\nj. The first stroke won by either player registers\nfifteen, and the second stroke won by either player\nalso registers fifteen, making thirty.\nThe third stroke won by either player only counts\nten, making forty for that player, and the fourth stroke\nwon by a player is game, except in the event of both\nplayers having won three strokes each (forty all),\nwhen it is called deuce.\nThe next stroke won after deuce is called\nadvantage to the player winning it, and if the same\nplayer also wins the next stroke (that is, wins two\nstrokes in succession) he is the winner of the game,\nbut if he fails to win the next stroke the score is again\ncalled deuce, and so on until either player wins two\nstrokes in succession following the score of deuce,\nwhen the game is won by that player.\nk. That player wins the set who first obtains six\ngames.\n–––––––\nA trio of books from 1902\nThe second book featured is better-known, although quite rare. Written by\nthe Hon. Sec. of the Ping-Pong Association (G Washington Gray), its full title is\nHow to Play Ping-Pong, sub-titled With Diagrams and Laws, and Hints on How\nto Conduct Tournaments, Clubs, &c.\nA few extracts follow, including advertisements for Hamley Brothers and\nJaques, with each naming the other as ‘Jointly Concerned’:\n    15\nA trio of books from 1902\nThe third example from that year is the Official Handbook of the Table Tennis\nAssociation. Reviews of this publication were featured in Early Newspaper Articles\n[TTH 90/46]. As always, advertisements are the source of much useful historical\ninformation, and this booklet includes examples from most of the major\nequipment suppliers of the time e.g. Slazenger, Mally, Ogden Smith, Ayres,\nBenetfink, Wootton, Gamage’s, plus other smaller specialist dealers (with the\nexception, of course, of the Ping-Pong brigade above!). There were also\nadvertisements for magazines: Pastimes Review, Games Gazette, and The Table\nTennis & Pastimes Pioneer (this latter providing the basis for Steve Grant’s ‘story’\nabout the Editor [TTC 67/12]).\n    16\nThe G.O.M. and the Olympic gymnast\nBy Graham Trimming (ENG)\nAbout forty years ago I became aware that the Slough and District Table Tennis League, for which I\nwas then Fixtures Secretary, was about to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. I decided to write a\nbooklet about the history of the League and spent countless hours in Slough Library researching\nfrom the local newspapers. In the Slough Express new spaper dated 29 November 1935, within a\nreport of an exhibition by international players at Slough Central Hall, I was surprised to find the\nfollowing: “Mr. G. Ross, a local resident who took the first British table tennis team to Budapest\nbefore the war [ Note 1 ] , and who represented England against Wales in 1922 [sic] , will also play a\ngame against the new generation of players”.\nThat intrigued me. Who was this Mr. G. Ross ? In the intervening years I have come across his name\nsporadically in other publications but only recently have I decided to research this man properly.\nDuring this research, another name cropped up, P. E. Warner, so I added this second name to my\nenquirie s.\nGeorge J. Ross and P. E. Warden\nDespite being born in London, b oth lived, during the 1930s, in or near my home town of Slough\nThey played together during the 1930s in Slough\nBoth playe d during the first boom years of 1900 - 1904\nBoth were important figur es in the post - World War I resurgence\nBoth were awarded the honour of Vice - President of the English Table Tennis Association\nThey sat on some of the same committees together\nThey were , ironically, even drawn to play against one another at the first World Championships\nBoth also excelled at sports other than table tennis\nGeorge James Ross\n1877 Born in Hackney , London\n1903 Runner - up in the UK TT Championships\n1912 Won bronze Olympics medal for\ngymnastics\n1916 Married Gwladys M. Morgan (1896 -\n1952) in Wandsworth, London\n1926 Member of English delegation to Berlin\nfor the meeting that led to the\nformation of the ITTF\n1926 Played in 1 st  World TT Championships\n1945 Died in Slough aged 67\nGeorge James Ross was born on 1 December\n1877 i n Hackney , London, to parent s George\nand Eliza (nee B ernett) , the second of two\nchildren. George senior , who had been born\nin Scotland, was a wholesale haberdasher .\nEliza had been born in Slough to where\nGeorg e J and his wife later moved.\nLord Desborough presents the Daily Mirror Cup to James\nThompson in 1922. George Ross is on the extreme left.\nWhen the table tennis boom occurred in the\nearly 1900s, George was in his mid- twenties .\nThe first mention I have fo und of him is of\nbeing t he only player to defeat the winner\nSmith in a tournament at Café Nero , London\nin February 1902. Ross was noted as playing a\n    17\n“splendid game, and his hard hitting was most\nrefreshing after the stone - walling game which\nnow seems so much in vogue”. However, Ross\nonly finished third having been beaten by\nWilliams.\nRoss must have been one of the leading\nplayers of this era as he was runner - up in the\nGentlemen’s Singles at the United Kingdom\nTable Tennis Championships held at Crystal\nPalace in February and March 1903. Having\nwon his preliminary section, Ross made it\nthrough to the final where , after a protracted\nstr uggle , he eventually bowed down to his\nmore illustrious opponent , Arnold “Ping -\nPong” Parker, 30 - 22, 30 - 29 (in those days a\ntwo- point lead was required to win a game, as\nnow, but the score was entered 30 - 29) . As a\nwar m -up to the tournament , Ross was a\nmembe r of the North London team that had\nbeat en the Rest of London 67- 33.\nIn the same championships of the following\nseason (1903 - 04), in the event famously won\nby Percival Bromfield, Ross was unable to\nrepeat his success of the previous year but did\nmanage to win the Gentlemen’s Handicap\ndespite having to spot twelve points start in\nthe final to H. Willford.\nDuring the years leading up to World War I,\ntable tennis had a lean time in the UK and\nRoss found another sport to excel at :\ng ymnastics. He featured in the Great Britain\nmen’s all- round team at two Olympic Games ,\nthe team finishing eighth in 1908 in London\nand then gaining the bronze medal for a third-\nplace finish in 1912 in Stockholm.\nI have also seen reference s to Ross having\nrepresented England at rifl e shooting but have\nso far not found any corroborative evidence\nfor this.\nRoss was employed by the Eastern\nTelegraphic Company Ltd as an accounts clerk .\nIn 1908, by which time Ross had left the\nfamily home and was living in Bowes Park,\nand having already volunteer ed for the 7 th\nMiddlesex Regiment, he signed up for one\nyear to the 14 th  (County of London) Battalion\nThe London Regiment (London Scottish). Ev en\nthough the original sign- up for was one year\nonly, Ross was called up for further military\nservice by his regiment in 1914 and\nconsequently saw service as an Acting\nSergeant during World War I.\nBy 1911, at the age of 33, Ross was living in\nWanstead, a nother part of London, with his\naunt, uncle and three cousins. He is listed in\nthe census of that year as the head of the\nhousehold that also included a servant.\nRoss then married, in 1916 at the age of 38,\nGwladys Morgan, who was then only 20.\nThere is a famous photograph (above: Ross is\nback row, furthermost left)  of England’s first\ninternational table tennis team for the\ninaugural match against Wales in season\n1922 - 23 . Ross is included in the photo but\nnoted as only reserve for this match.\nHow ever, he did then gain full international\nhonours in the matches during the follow ing\ntwo seasons. In December 1923 he was a\nmember of the England team that prevailed\n500 - 366 with all ten England players scoring a\nmaximum 50 points. Ross beat A.D. Matthews\n50 - 47. The following season, in January 1925,\nEngland beat Wales 493 - 422 with Ross\ncontributing a win over M.E. Lewis 50 - 44.\nOf greater significance is the meeting in Berlin\nin January 1926 when Ross, Ivor Montagu and\nBill Pope were the English representatives\nwho met with officials from other European\ncountries, a meeting that led to the formation\nof the International Table Tennis Federation.\n(See TTC 64 for a photo, including Ross, of that\nmeeting).\nFollowing on from that meeting, the first\nWor ld Championships were staged in London\nin December 1926. George Ross was drawn to\n    18\nplay, in the Men’s Singles, his future sparring\npartner P.E. Warden, who m he dispatched 21 -\n6, 21 -18, 21- 13 in round one. However, he\nmet his match in the next round, defeated by\nTrevor Coles from Cardiff. Ross partnered H.A.\nBennett in the Men’s Doubles and they lost in\nthe third round to the Austrian team\nmembers Paul Flussmann and M unio Pillinge r .\nIn the Mixed Doubles , Ross and Joan Ingram\nhad a bye into round two were they lost to\nthe eventual finalists Roland Jacobi (Hungary )\n( the Men’s Singles champion) and Miss G.\nGleeson (St. Brides) .\nThere exists also a photo of Ross arriving in\nBudapest with the England team for the\nWorld Championships in 1929  [see Friday\nPhotos, ETTA website, 1 July 2016] .\nAt some stage George and Gwladys moved to\nSlough where George engaged with the local\ntable tennis league. In December 1935 he\nperformed as Master of Ceremonies for an\nexhibition given by international players at\nSlough Central Hall. The following March,\nRoss, who was a member of the successful\nYMCA team in the Slough League, was\nincluded in a representative match for Slough\nagainst Uxbridge. A year later he captained\nSlough in a match against Ealing which Sl ough\nwon 17- 8. Then, in 1937, by now acting as\nSecretary of the Slough League, he won three\nmatches as his YMCA team beat the Rest of\nthe L eague 15- 10.\nGeorge Ross died in Slough on 28 August 1945\njust after the end of World War II in Europe ,\naged 67.\nPhilip Edgar Warden\n1871 Born in Harrow, Middlesex\n1914 Reached semi - final of national\nbadminton championships\n1915 Married Bertha Harriet Neal (1873 -\n1939) in Islington, London\n1924 Civil Service TTA individual champion\n1926 Member of the 1 st  World\nChampionships Organising Committee\n1961 Died in Lewisham, London aged 90\nP hilip E dgar Warden was born on 28 March\n1871 in Harrow, a suburb in the north- west of\nLondon, to parents Benjamin and Kate (nee\nWright) , the eldest of seven children.\nBenjamin was a greengrocer by trade. “ PE W”\nwas always known in sporting circles by his\ninitials ; indeed Ivor Montagu, when writing\nWarden’s obituary in 1961 , claimed to have\nknown him well , as the two had worked very\nclosely together in the 1920s, and yet had\nbeen unaware of his first name . I n the 1881\ncensus PEW was listed by his parents as\nEdgar. It wa s not uncommon for children to\nbe known by their second, rather than first,\nforename at that time.\nBy the time of the 1 8 91 census, aged 20, PE W\nhad moved out of the family home and was\nliving as a boarder , occupying one room in a\nhouse owned by the Neal family in Highbury,\nIslington, now famous as the place where\nArsenal FC play their home matches . Amongst\nthe other residents of that house was Bertha\nNeal, daughter of the head of the household\nand who , a quarter of a century later in 191 5,\nw ould become PEW’s wife.\nPEW was a keen contestant in table tennis\nand ping - pong tournaments in the craze of\n1901 - 4. A report from the first large\ntournament, that at Queen’s Hall in December\n1901 , includes mention of a gentleman\nplaying in “a complete set of flannels, very\nopen at the neck”. PEW later claim ed that this\nwas a reference to himself and that he had\nstarted his own dress campaign. Incidentally,\nPEW lost to the eventual winner, Vining, in\nthat competition.\nWarden describes the racket he used in the\nearly days as “ home - made, of pimple studded\nrubber with a layer of thick velvet pasted\nbetween the surface and the wood” .\nUnlike George Ross, PEW was never quite\nhonoured with international selection,\nalthough he was a traveling reserve for the\nmatch ag ainst Wales in 1923 - 24. He did,\nhowever, as one of the builders of the\n[English] Table Tennis Association during the\nearly 1920s , help to formulate the rules of the\nAssociation, and he also helped found the Civil\nService Association and its league in 1921 - 22.\n     19\nThe title of this article refers to the “G.O.M.”,\nthe “ Grand Old Man” , of English table tennis ,\na much -repeated title awarded to a man who\neventually lived ninety years .\nPEW was one of three members on the\norganizing committee for the first World\nChampionships, the others being Ivor\nMontagu and Bill Pope, both of who m later\nbecame rather m o re famous. The programme\nfor the event states: “PEW is the G.O.M. of\nEnglish table tennis; the winner of numerous\ncompetitions in the past and a civil servant, he\nwon the C i vil Service championships not so\nlong ago. He patiently retrieves everything\nwith a soft - surfaced racket, often recovering\nfrom seemingly impossible positions”.\nNevertheless, PEW (St. Bride’s) was no match\nfor George Ross (Herga) in the first round of\nthe Men’s Singles in that first World\nChampionships.\nIn 1934, Bill Pope paid a glowing tribute to\nPEW describing him as “a most popular\nsportsman, sympathetic friend, kee n\nenthusiast and selfless worker”. He went on\nto describe PEW’s play in exhibitions “where\ncrowds used to get ecstatic at his long\ndistance defence”.\nPEW lived in Islington, London for many years\nand until at least 1931. However, i n the\nDecember 1951 edit ion of “Table Tennis”,\nPEW states that his most enjoyable time in\ntable tennis was during the period 1932 - 38\nwhen he would play with George Ross twice a\nweek, October to May, in a hall in Slough. By\nthis time, of course, PEW was over sixty years\nold and ha d been married to Bertha for a\ncouple of decades. In the late thirties PEW\ngave his address as “Sunnyside” , Eton Road,\nDorney Reach, Taplow. Dorney Reach is a\nsmall village built along the banks of the River\nThames about three miles west of Slough.\nU nfortunately, Bertha died in 1939 and the\n1939 national register shows PEW, now a\nwidower, living at “Sunnyside” with two\nmembers of Bertha ’ s family and a servant.\nLike George Ross, P.E. Warden did not restrict\nhis sporting activities to table tennis. Indeed,\nhe was perhaps more successful in other\nracquet sports. He was a keen tennis player\nand once even played against Rene Lacost e ,\nthe famous French winner of seven Grand\nSlam singles titles including twice at\nWimbledon, in the North London hard court\nchampionships at Highbury . In doubles, his\nregular partner was none other than Ivor\nMontagu! However, it was in badminton that\nPEW excelled mo st , reaching the semi - final of\nthe Gentlemen’s Singles in the All - England\nBadmint on Championships of March 1914.\nBoth George Ross and P.E. Warner were\ndecorated with the honour of Vice - President\nof the English Table Tennis Association. Their\npaths must have crossed many times even\nbefore their table tennis games in Slough in\nthe 1930s . In 1922 they were both founder\nmembers of the committee of the All - England\nClub. A year later they were both members of\nthe All - England Club team, captained by Ross,\nthat played a representative match against\nEastbourne and Brighton at Devonshire Park,\nE astbourne. The two also formed a committee\nalong with Ivor Montagu and O.V. Forbes to\nachieve uniformity of rules and the change of\nname from the Ping Pong Association to Table\nTennis Association.\nAlso in the twenties , in addition to ironically\nbeing draw n to play each other in the first\n     20\nWorld Championships, they served together\nfor some years on the organizing committee\nfor the Middlesex Table Tennis\nChampionships an event which was held at\nthe Herga Club, famous for being the club\nwhere Fred Perry also played. PEW was one of\nthe referees for this event. An article in the\nUxbridge and West Drayton Gazette in March\n1926 described the “most stimulating event in\nthe long but interesting programme was that\nbetween C.G. Mase (Whitfield) and P.E.\nWarden (Highbur y): the latter played a\nremarkably good game for a man of his\nadvanced years and by his ability got back to\nsome of Mase’s smashing shots which would\nhave beaten many a young player”.\nP.E. Warden died in Lewisham, London on 11\nJuly 1961 at the age of 90 after a long illness\nthat had left him nearly deaf and with failing\neyesight . He had given up playing table tennis\nat the age of 79 when he lost to his\nnei ghbour: “I knew it was then time to pack\nup!”.\nNote 1 :\nI have yet to find anything more t hat could tell\nthe story of the first Britis h team to travel to\nBudapest. This was, perhaps, for the\nHungarian Open Championships. Can anyone\nadd anything more to this story?\nSources:\nSlough, Windsor and Eton Express\n“Table Tennis”: the ETTA magazine\n“Table Tennis Collector” : especially the\nfantastic research by Alan Duke\n“Table Tennis and Pastimes Pioneer”\nWorld Championships programme 1926\nEnglish Open Championships programme 1952\nBritish Newspaper Archive\nAncestry.co.uk\nETTA handbooks\nWikipedia\nGraham has created a photo album of his\ncollection, on flickr:\nhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ttcollector/\nalbums\n___________________________________________________________________________________\n   21\nOur friend Hans-Peter Trautmann (GER) sends this wonderful photo, featuring\nnational trials to qualify for an early World Championships.  Peter always has an\neagle eye for finding high quality items - thank you for sharing!\n‘Elimination matches for the World Championships’\nEARLY PIRATED IMAGES\nBy Jorge Arango\nContinuation\nThis is the twelfth and last article of my series about early pirated images.\n65. PICK-ME-UP\n     22\nPostcard presented in TTH 92 by Martin Holland.\n    23\n67. HIS FIRST TRADEGY\nAbove. A version of a cartoon, May, 1902. Below: Another version, from the St. Louis Republic,\nJune 01, 1902. I think the above image is the original one.\n    24\nUPDATES\nI found several images of the pirated ones already presented. I am including some of them.\nThe original image, presented in TTC 82.\nBelow: Two more ads.\n      25\n6. SPALDING’S PIRATED IMAGE\nAbove: An image from Internet. Below: Image presented in TTC 83. There are several differences\nbetween both images. Do you see why the Spalding’s image is a pirated one?\n    26\n4. STANLEY WHITE’S IMAGE\nThe original image, presented in TTC 82.\nBelow: Image from a Japanese book.\n    27\n9. THE PREVAILING CRAZE\nThe original image, presented in TTC 83.\nBelow: Pirated Image from Steve Grant’s book “Ping Pong Fever.”\n     28\n3. STANLEY WHITE’S IMAGES\nThe original image, presented in TTC 84.\nThe original image was many times pirated and\nmodified. In other images the words “Ping Pong”\nwere suppressed and the rackets and balls were\nchanged.\n   29\n5. LUCIEN DAVIS\nThe original image, presented in TTC 82.\nBelow: Image presented by Steve Grant in TTC 84.\n   30\n12. AYRES’ IMAGE\nTwo pirated images from Ayres’ image, presented in TTC 85.\n     31\n10. DAVENPORT’S PIRATED IMAGE\nThe original image, presented in TTC 84.\nBelow: Postcard presented in TTH 91 by Chuck Hoey. This postcard would be the earlier posted\none!\nEditors note:  I am sure that I speak for all our readers in offering our congratulations to\nJorge Arango - we are grateful for your fine research series about pirated images!\n   32\n“Read All About It” – PART 10 (1914 to March 1922)\nby Alan Duke\nThis part in the series continues the sections from the previous issue, this time looking at the war years, when ‘ping-\npong’ provided a popular form of relief from the horrors of the time, up to the re-formation of the Ping-Pong\nAssociation and the All-England Club (including a Heath Robinson ‘invention’ along the way!). Meanwhile, domestic\nevents and matches continued their popularity.\n③ The War Years\n1914\nOn 7th February, a match was played between Sunderland and\nHartlepool.129\nA Ping-pong match was played on 11th February at St Ambrose’\nClub in Bournemouth against St Swithin’s, ending in a win for the\nhome team by 71 points.130\nOn 20th February, Andrew Donaldson retained his Sunderland\ntitle by defeating R Rutter 50-45, with “splendid placing and\ndeceptive hitting” coupled with a “stonewall defence”. He\nsuffered only 3 match defeats in 10 years (two in English\nChampionships, one in the Sunderland League), and won the\nNorth of England Championships “for the last two years”.131\nIn Coventry, on 24th March, Hillfields PSA Institute visited Cross\nCheaping YMCA for an enjoyable evening of ‘Inter-Club Matches’,\nincluding Ping Pong (YMCA won 6-0), Billiards and Draughts.132\nAt the Exeter YMCA in April it was reported that “ping pong is\nalways in evidence”, and the A team “have carried off the\nchampionship and have gone through the season without losing a\nsingle match”.134\n17th April: At the Masonic Bazaar in the Linenhall Masonic\nRooms, Ballymena, the “Ladies of No. 2 Stall will give a\nPROGRESSIVE PING-PONG TOURNAMENT”. \n“Do not\nmiss this Unique Entertainment.”135\n23rd May: At Yarmouth YMCA “Indoor games had continued in\npopularity, particularly that of ping-pong, keen contests being\nheld nightly and the table being in great demand”.137\nAt the Floral Bazaar and Garden Fete held in the Rectory\nGrounds, Coningsby, on 29th July “Among the games played on\nthe lawn was ping-pong”.138\nNewcastle Journal \n14 August 1914\nNewcastle YMCA erected a billiard table and ping-pong\ntable “for the special use of the soldiers” located in the city\nfollowing Lord Kitchener’s Call to Arms.\nA general meeting of the Sunderland & District Ping-\nPong Union was called for 4th September at the YMCA to\narrange fixtures for the season.136\nThe Standard, London \n1 October 1914\nAt their Ashtead, Surrey, HQ, troops of the 4th Battalion,\nPublic Schools Brigade of the Royal Fusiliers, were billeted\nin houses, where “in one the game of “ping-pong” has been\nrevived and is played with great gusto”.\nOn 28th November, members of Wall Street Institute\nvisited Warwick Lane Social Club, Coventry, for Inter-\nClub Games. [The home team won the ping-pong 9-7.]139\n1915\nBelfast Evening Telegraph \n12 January 1915\nPING-PONG TOURNAMENT.\n“Ping-pong, ping-pong,” how the sound recalls the years\nagone when it first was played, and took our homes by\nstorm; when everything was different when war was but a\nthing of history, or at most so remote a possibility as to be\ncounted almost impossible, and our soldiers were––to most\nof us––but ornamental points of colour; when as we passed\nalong any street of dwelling-houses of an evening, the rapid\n“plonk” of the play, and merry voices and laughter of the\nyoung people came through almost every lighted window,\nmaking one feel, if lonely, very lonely indeed; or, if happy,\ngladder still that so many people seemed also to be\nenjoying themselves. Now the lively little game comes up\nagain, and is a very effective means of giving aid to some\nbranch of war’s great requirements. No one has time to be\nlonesome now or think very much about themselves;\neveryone is trying to help others, and those who plan and\norganise, thus giving to many more a chance of doing their\nshare, deserve much praise.\nThe ping-pong tournament held in Fortwilliam Lecture\nHall on Saturday afternoon and evening was a decided\nsuccess, the ladies in charge … mutually assisting each\nother to make it so.\nThe hall was prettily decorated with flags, bunting, and\npalms, with seats conveniently arranged for the spectators,\nand from the opening hour to the close there was no\nslackening of players or onlookers…. Amongst the players\nseveral were very skilful, and came from considerable\ndistances to take part in the tournament … and the proceeds\nof the entertainment are in aid of the Ulster Motor\nAmbulance and comforts for the North Belfast Division.\nFolkestone Herald \n30 January 1915\nTHE SOLDIER AT LEISURE.\nThe passer-by in the streets of Folkestone and\nneighbouring localities this winter frequently notices\ninscriptions on many buildings which were not to be seen a\nshort twelve months ago.\nThe two words, “Soldiers’ Club,” the sign now so often\ndisplayed, reminds the observer that among other changes\nin the normal life of this country brought about by the\npresent gigantic struggle in which the nation is engaged is\nthe establishment of a new social institution, which has,\nalthough in existence but a few months, already come to be\naccepted as part of the ordinary features of the borough.\n   33\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nThe clubs are designed to meet the needs of the hosts of\nyoung men now training in Kitchener’s Army during their\nleisure hours. … A visitor to one of the chief and most\nrepresentative of the soldiers’ clubs in the town, the\nWoodward Club, on entering the large hall on a recent\nevening found it full of soldiers, all engaged in various\npursuits. The room, brightly illuminated, well warmed, and\ngaily decorated, presented an animated and happy scene.\nThere were miniature billiard tables, each with its quota of\nplayers, and the click of the balls mingled with the sounds\nfrom a neighbouring table, where a keenly contested game\nof table tennis––the erstwhile highly popular “ping-pong”\n––was in progress.\n–––––––––––––––––––\n8th January: \nReferring to YMCA facilities provided for the\ntroops, “All these halls or huts are well equipped with games of\nevery possible kind, from the billiard table to ping-pong”.140\n22nd January: \nFor the arrival of the military in Yeovil,\narrangements for entertainment included the Wesleyan church\nrooms being “fitted out as a soldiers’ institute, provision being\nmade for reading and writing, bagatelle, ping pong and other table\ngames”, “all … well patronised by the Tommies”.141\n6th February: The vast White City camp included a Recreation\nRoom, run by the YMCA, with “a ping-pong table, at which a\nfierce fight is progressing”.142\n13th February: “St Martin’s Church Room and Men’s Club has\nbeen thrown open to H.M. Troops stationed in the locality.” In a\nroom adjoining the Main Hall were two fine billiard tables and a\nping-pong board.143\n19th February: A YMCA War Emergency Fund appeal was made\nfor help for their 20 Huts in France and 600 Centres in this\nCountry in order “To provide Games––Draughts, Dominoes,\nPing-Pong, Bagatelle, Billiards”.144\n19th February: in the basement of the YMCA Cambridge HQ in\nAlexandra Street “the discovery was made that “ping-pong” is\nstill popular, and the khaki-clad combatants had a critical,\noutspoken audience”.145\nLondon Evening News \n31 March 1915\nFollowing praise from numbers of soldiers and a request\nfrom a prominent sergeant drill instructor at Woolwich, a\nbrief description of the Woolwich Soldiers’ Club (“no old-\nestablished institution; it is a product of the war”) was\ngiven “in the hope that it may be taken as an example in\nother districts where large numbers of troops are stationed”.\n“The Borough Council offered the use every night of the\npublic part of the Town Hall …an appeal was made by the\nmayor for gifts of cash, games, …”. Two full-sized ping-\npong tables were part of the ready response and were\ninstalled in rooms adjoining the large hall.\n––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n23rd April: A letter from a soldier in the Warwickshire Regiment\ndescribed their position in the trenches: “We have nice little dug-\nouts to sleep in, and we make them as comfortable as we can. I\nthink a bagatelle and ping-pong table would improve the furniture\na bit”.146\n23rd April: A letter from the C.O. of the Welsh National Hospital,\nNetley, made the plea: “A ping-pong table, a bagatelle table, and\na miniature billiard-table are all much wanted for the patients’\nrecreation-room” for the “wounded and sick soldiers from\nFrance”.147\n8th May: At the YMCA Hut at Cooden “Among the games there\nare … ping-pong tournaments (each tournament keenly\ncontested)”.148\n10th June: “Playing ping-pong in the greenhouses” (of “the late\nMr. Chamberlain’s residence given over to the wounded” as a\nHospital).149\nJune: A letter from a soldier of the Australian Expeditionary\nForce on life aboard the troopship whilst travelling via Colombo\nand Suez: “Parades were discontinued for the time being, and\nping-pong became very popular, several sets being unearthed”.150\n3rd July: The YMCA recreation tent at Bowood Camp includes a\nbilliard table, bagatelle, ping-pong, etc.”151\nOn the 3rd November, an Inter-Club match between the\n[Coventry] YMCA and Warwick Road Institute took place.\nBilliards, draughts, ping-pong and chess were contested, with the\nYMCA winning the ping-pong 10-1.155\n22nd December: One of the wholly unexpected consequences of\nthe war is a revival of ping-pong. London dealers in games and\ntoys agree that there has been a sudden and amazing spurt in ping-\npong sets as Christmas presents.152\n27th December: \nAn “At Home” was held at the West\nTeignmouth Parish Hall to all soldiers and sailors in Teignmouth.\nA ping-pong tournament was one of the many attractions.153\n31st December: A visitor reporting of an inspection of Church\nArmy recreation huts in France, just after a German shell had\nlanded and shattered a portion of the roof of the canteen, found\nin one of the huts, typical of the rest “a piano going at one end,\nboxing proceeding at the other, ‘ping-pong’ in the middle…”.154\nIllustrated War News \n17 November 1915\nOFFICERS AMUSING THEMSELVES AMIDST THE\nETERNAL SNOWS OF THE TRENTINO.\nPING-PONG AT THE ITALIAN FRONT\n    34\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nThe Italian Army, officers and men alike, are noted for\ntheir coolness and courage under all conditions, and their\nhappy temperament prompts them to lighten the stress of\nwar by such mild diversions as are possible in the intervals\nof fighting. \nOur photograph shows a group of Italian\nofficers indulging in a ping-pong tournament amidst the\neternal snows of the Trentino, where Italy is carrying out\nher vigorous campaign with constantly increasing success.\nThe high spirit and invincible good humour of the Armies\nof all the Entente Allies are persistently expressing\nthemselves in those small things which count for much in\nkeeping up the moral [sic] of troops in action; and such\nscenes as this are of good augury for their ultimate and\ncomplete success.––[Photo. by Brocherel.] [TTC 69/6]\n1916\n4th January: At the Church of England Men’s Society Soldiers’\nClub, “Games of various descriptions are at the asking of … the\n‘men in khaki’ visiting Cardiff”, including ping-pong.156\n10th January: A Church Army Recreation Club for soldiers,\ncapable of accommodating 200 men at a time, has been started\nupon a canal boat plying upon the Flemish canals. A piano, a\ngramophone, “ping-pong” outfit, and boxing gloves, etc., are\ncarried by this cheery club boat in Flanders.157\n13th January: At The Front. Catering for the Soldier. Letter\nfrom a Tommy in France: Where I am now we have a Y.M.C.A.\ntent, and it would do one good to see how they cater for we\nsoldiers who are either wounded or sick. There are all sorts of\ngames, including ping-pong, …158\n15th January: A Students’ Sale and Concert was held in the\nUnited College Hall, St Andrews, to help Belgian refugees. Side\nshows included a ping-pong tournament.159\n23rd February: “A very interesting Ping-Pong match between\nDiss Young Men’s Friendly Society and the Lovat Scouts took\nplace” in the Victoria Hall, with the YMFS victors 14-4 in the 6-a-\nside competition.160\n16th March: PING PONG BEHIND THE LINES.\nA cropped version of the photo above, Ping-Pong at the Italian\nFront, was published, with the caption: “Though dead in\nEngland, it is a favourite game of the Italian soldier, and the\npicture shows a championship contest in the valley of –––, behind\nthe firing line.”161\nYorkshire Evening Post \n6 May 1916\nWith four days off duty in late April, one “Warrior’s Relaxations\nin France” included, in the company of a French-speaking\ncolleague who had lived in the area for two or three months, “an\nentree into many delightful houses unknown to the casual visitor.\nUnder his guidance, then, I have even been enabled to renew my\nancient skill at the ping-pong table! I feel certain that, whatever\nterrifying pictures you formed of my doings out here, you never\nfor a minute thought of my smiting the nimble pilule up and down\nand––horrid thought!––being thoroughly well beaten by a fair\ndaughter of France. Of course I haven’t got my eye in yet––it\nmust be three years since I last played, if not more––but I’ll beat\nher before I’ve finished, though it will be some game when I do.\nYesterday I foresook the ping-pong bat for the tea-cup, and paid a\nvisit to our late mess…\n––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n8th June: Ping-Pong Again. A hostess to a large contingent of\nconvalescent soldiers … found in the billiard-room cupboard the\nother day a set of ping-pong and introduced the game to her\nguests, many of them seeing it then for the first time. They are so\ndelighted with it that now they toss pennies to know who shall\nplay next.162\nPenrith Observer \n26 September 1916\nReport from a pastor engaged in the work of the Y.M.C.A. at a\nbase in France. “Now there are over 2,000 Y.M.C.A. huts\nscattered over the various theatres of war where British soldiers\nare found. These huts are not only found at the bases, but many\nof them are right in the danger zone, immediately behind the\ntrenches, amid shot and shell. …\nIt may not be generally known, but it was the recreative side of\nour work that first paved the way to the great popularity enjoyed\nby the Y.M.C.A in its work among soldiers. I think it was Mr.\nYapp, the national secretary, who first hit upon the idea of having\nY.M.C.A. huts and marquees in connection with the military\ntraining camps. But for some time the men fought shy of them\nand it was thought that the whole scheme was doomed for failure.\nThis was in the days when the game of ping-pong was so popular,\nand for want of something better to do the men who were\ninterested in the first Y.M.C.A. place erected were whiling away\nthe time by playing a game. A soldier happened to pass that way,\nand being himself enthusiastic about the game, watched the\nplayers for a short time. He was soon asked to join in a game, and\nhe was so surprised that he at once exclaimed, “Why, is it for us?”\nBeing answered in the affirmative, he went to the door and\nshouted to his mates, “Come along, boys: there’s ping-pong here,\nand it’s for us.” From that day to this the Y.M.C.A. has been a\npopular resort for soldiers in time of peace and time of war.”\n––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n11th November: Roffey YMCA Camp at Horsham included\n“billiards, bagatelle, ping-pong (not out-of-date in Camp), table\ngames, and heaps of good literature”.163\n23rd December: An account of the work of the Church Army and\nthe War reported that they “had had more than 80 huts under\nshell fire…. It cost £300 to build a hut and £100 to equip it …\nping-pong appeared to be a favourite game in the recreation\nhuts.”164\n1917\n2nd January: A most successful ping-pong tournament was held\nin the Town Hall, Ballymoney, the proceeds being in aid of the\nlocal War Hospitals Supply Depot. Over one hundred entries were\nreceived, and many exciting finishes were witnessed.165\n16th January: “A very enjoyable evening was spent in the new\n“hut” adjoining the Bicester Red Cross hospital, the occasion\nbeing a games tournament between the patients and nurses of the\nhospital and the Bicester O.V.R.” The billiard, ping pong, and\nother tables were well lit by gas, and at ping pong the nurses\nwere often too skilful for their opponents.166\n19th January: Histon Institute: A new ping-pong club has been\nstarted and a trial handicap is already in full swing. Some 30\nmembers have joined, and the game promises to exceed even its\nformer popularity.167\n3rd July: The Sheffield Girls’ Patriotic Club reported that “ping-\npong is a favourite amusement”.168\n26th May: The Yarmouth YMCA also reported that their “two\nping-pong tables have been in constant demand during the long\nwinter evenings”.169\n26th July: A Garden Fete and Social at Cheshunt Congregational\nChurch, Hitchin, included a ping-pong competition.170\n6th August: The Bank Holiday Grand Garden Fete and Dance at\nStoke Rochford Hall included Modern Ping-Pong among the\namusements.171\n   35\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nSheffield Daily Telegraph \n2 November 1917\nWhen a battalion has completed its tour of duty in the\ntrenches it goes either into rest billets some few miles\nbehind the line, or into “support,” only a short distance in\nthe rear, where it is instantly available to meet any sudden\nexigency.\nIt was in this intermediate stage that I came across a\nTerritorial battalion of the Sherwood Foresters. … When so\nnear the line, it is impossible to provide the men with so\nmuch room in their quarters as can be afforded when they\nget further back, but the best is made of such wrecked\ncottages and desolated farmsteads as the guns have left\nstanding. … There is a well-stocked reading room, and a\ngames room, in which a large ping-pong table is\nconspicuous.\n15th December: At the Congregational Canteen, Thanet, “Right\nin the centre of the room an exciting game of Ping-Pong was in\nprogress. The game is in for a great revival at this canteen, and\nenjoyable tournaments are held from time to time.”172\n1918\nYorkshire Evening Post \n17 January 1918\nPING-PONG AFTER BATTLE.\nIn France (writes Mr. Philip Gibbs) our men are making\nthe most of their rest by every kind of game that goes into a\nback yard, or a billet, or a field behind the lines. Officers\nand men are reviving the parlour games of their boyhood––\nnot a very ancient memory for some of them ––and gallant\nfellows who assaulted German pill-boxes under machine-\ngun fire challenge each other to ferocious encounters of\nping-pong and badminton…\nNottingham Evening Post \n25 January 1918\nTHE SOCIAL SIDE OF LIFE AT THE FRONT.\nThe fighting men, thank heaven, are not always fighting,\nand from the coast to the lines even during great battles\nthere are thousands of soldiers––infantry, engineers,\ncavalry, tank units, every branch of the service––billeted in\nFrench and Flemish villages, and making the best of life\nwithin narrow limits. …\nThe war is long, so long that it is no more to be taken as\nan episode but as life itself, so that officers and men take\nwhat they can get out of it, put as much as they can into it,\nand adapt themselves to its social opportunities. … There\nare great nights in the officers’ messes … four [officers]\nfought ferociously at ping-pong, which has come into its\nown again as a war game for heroic men.\nLondon Evening News \n26 March 1918\nSterling Silver engravers: Such is the closeness of work\nthat these skilled workers of Harrods are equipped with a\n“ping-pong” table in an adjoining room so that they may\noccasionally “let up” in the kind of ding-dong battle that\nwe were privileged to watch!\n22nd June: A Garden Fete in St Mary’s Vicarage grounds, Stony\nStratford, in aid of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Comforts Fund,\nincluded a ping-pong stall.173\n5th August: At the South Norwood United Services Social Club,\nthe August Bank Holiday “will not soon be forgotten by the\nmembers of the club. There was not a dull moment … games too\nnumerous to mention” (including ping-pong).174\n23rd August: A meeting of the Portsmouth Welfare Association\ndiscussed a suggestion to form an Indoor Games League, the\nsuggested inter-club games being Billiards, Draughts, Ping-Pong,\netc.175\n30th December: \nRoyal Inniskilling Fusiliers: INDOOR\nGAMES, Draughts, Halma, Dominoes, Ping-Pong, &c, are\nurgently required to help the Men through the long winter\nevenings whilst waiting demobilisation.176\n④ The ‘Revival’ of the 1920s\n1919\nEdinburgh Evening News \n18 January 1919\nPING PONG SETS\nThis game is again being extensively\ntaken up. Complete Sets, price 12/6.\nSpare Balls, 3d each. Bats, 2/- each.\nTables. Regulation size, top only, £5, 5/-\nTHORNTON’S, 78 Princes St.\nSheffield Daily Telegraph \n17 January 1919\nArmy Sports.\n“As for indoor amusement, I hear that ping-pong is played\nextensively by officers in France.” From a unit on the\nSomme: “The weather has been too bad lately for\nenjoyable football, so we have taken up ping-pong, which\nis quite a good game, and is very popular out here. We\nhave a fine large table in our mess, and spend most of our\nspare time playing.”\nPing-pong was included in the programme at a successful\nsoiree held on 21st March at the Grammar School in aid of the\nCamelford War Memorial Institute.177\nDundee Evening Telegraph \n30 May 1919\nCricketers at Ping-Pong.\nHow do county cricketers pass away the time in the\nintervals during which they are not actually engaged on the\nfield of play? On some grounds the cards come out. The\nSurrey professionals, however, have succumbed to their\npre-war craze for “ping-pong”: and the player who has\n“got it” most badly is J. B. Hobbs, probably because he\nexcels at “ping-pong” as much as he does as a batsman.\nHobbs so undercuts the little celluloid ball that it\nboomerangs to his own side of the net before his opponent\ncan touch it.\n   36\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nVeteran “Bobby” Abel is another “ping-pong” enthusiast,\nand to see the little man squirming in pursuit of Hobbs’\nelusive “service” is a joy to all onlookers.\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\nOn 31st May at St Peter’s Athletic Club, Yarmouth, “The large\nhall used for displays and lectures is provided with a big gallery\nand it is upon that floor the billiard and ping-pong tournaments\nare played”.178\nA fete at St Chad’s Church, South Norwood, on 2nd July included\nping-pong as one of the side shows.179\nAt the annual meeting of the Plymouth Boys’ Brigade on 1st\nOctober it was agreed that “the various competitions which have\nbeen held over during the war will be revived this session”,\nincluding ping-pong.180\nDaily Mail \n22 September 1919\nMONEY WAITING FOR A NEW PARLOUR GAME.\nBy JOAN SINCLAIR.\n“Invent a first-class table game and your fortune is made.\nThe coming winter promises to be the most sociable on\nrecord, and all kinds of indoor games are likely to be more\npopular than ever. \nYet we toy merchants and\nmanufacturers have not a single first-class new game ready\nto meet the demand.”\nThe speaker was one of the biggest of London’s dealers\nin toys and games, and when I had asked him for the name\nof the indoor game we shall all be playing this coming\nfireside season he had confessed that he could not give it to\nme. …\n“The recent widespread popularisation of lawn tennis\npoints to the possibility of a big Ping-Pong revival; but the\nexperience of the trade goes to show that a game which for\na season or two attains to a craze of the first magnitude and\nthen ‘slumps’ so completely as Ping-pong did stands very\nlittle chance of coming back on anything like a big scale.\n… “In my opinion, the ideal parlour game must be one of\nmovement … it is the jolly game that will win the\npopularity which can make a fortune. …\n“The inventor should also bear in mind that the more\npeople who can take an active part in the game each time it\nis played the bigger his royalties will be. Spectators need\nbuy none of the implements for the game. Accordingly he\nmust see to it that all are players.\n“Above all, the inventor must remember that the\ncompetitive element must be strong in any game which is\nto appeal to the Englishman. The absence of this from\nDiabolo was the chief reason for its sudden demise.”\n––––––––––––––––––\n6th October: A meeting was held in the YMCA to re-form the old\nclub, with the first Sunderland league match on the 10th.181\n4th November: Sunderland Ping-Pong League tables published,\nlisting 18 teams in two divisions.182\n8th November: First match of season in Yarmouth for YMCA\nteam (v St. Peter’s Athletic). “Certainly it looks as if ping pong\nwill come into its own again.”183\nSheffield Independent \n20 November 1919\nThere are signs of a coming revival of ping-pong. \nA\nshopman said that as many as half-a-dozen regulation\ntables and sets had been sold within a week.\nThe Globe \n20 December 1919\nPing-Pong, which most of us thought was as dead as a\ncoffin nail, is, it seems, enjoying quite a boom. An athletic\noutfitter declares he cannot supply the demand for the\nsmall celluloid ball. But then these light spheres are also\nmuch used in “blow football,” a popular parlour game these\nwinter evenings.\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n20th December: Games that I do not remember seeing for a\ndozen years or more have re-appeared in brand new boxes, and in\nsome cases with brand new names. One could not help smiling to\nfind our old friend “Ping Pong” camouflaged under the title,\n“Parlour Tennis––the latest game.”184 [TTH 84/37]\n23rd December: In Sunderland, the All Saints C.I. team had\nproblems, as “Few of their chosen players had been\ndemobilised”.185\nCambridge Daily News \n24 December 1919\nPING-PONG.\n“In your note on \nthe Christmas show of toys last\nSaturday,” says a reader, “you referred to ‘our old friend\nPing-Pong camouflaged as Parlour Lawn Tennis––The\nLatest Game.’ But it differs in one respect, if I remember\nrightly, from Ping-Pong as first introduced. The bats to-\nday are of wood, whereas the original Ping-Pong bats were\nof parchment, such as one sees nowadays in the battledore\nand shuttlecock games.” I believe my correspondent is\nright. I have unpleasant recollections of the monotonous\nnoise created by the dropping of the celluloid balls on the\nhollow bats. But they did not last long. They were soon\nreplaced by the wooden bats, and then the game became\nreally serious and some mighty deeds were done. I confess\nto having had rather a liking for Ping-Pong myself and\nregretted its passing. We English are a curious people.\nWhen a new game comes in we go crazy on it and do our\nlevel best to kill it as soon as possible. And killed it\ngenerally is. Whoever hears of Diabolo nowadays?\n1920\nPall Mall Gazette \n14 January 1920\nLAWN TENNIS TOPICS.\n––––––––––––\n“PING-PONG” AS A MEANS TO PROFICIENCY.\n–––––\nBy F. W. LAST. [Well-known lawn tennis player and coach,\nand author of The Science and Art of Table-Lawn-Tennis]\nIt is safe to affirm that every nine people out of ten that\none comes across in daily life, now play lawn tennis.\nThe advent of the wonderful Mlle. Lenglen to this\ncountry was no doubt responsible for the “boom” in the\ngame last season, and stimulated interest all round.\nIf only these lawn tennis enthusiasts realised the\nimportant part the “one-time” popular game of ping-pong\nplays in the developing of lawn tennis skill, this game\nwould quickly attain its past popularity, in fact, it is safe to\nsay that the game would be even more popular than it once\nwas.\nAlthough ping-pong has become defunct in England, it is\nby no means the case with America.\nQuick to “size up” a game’s advantages and to gauge\n“nice points,” the Americans have devoted considerable\n  37\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\ntime, nay, study, to ping-pong, being quick to see the close\nrelation to that game and lawn tennis.\nVolleying Allowed.\nThe Americans have, however, made one important\nmodification to the game as it was once played in this\ncountry, thus bringing the connection between the games\ninto closer contact.\nThe Americans allow volleying, whereas, formerly, in\nthis country, only half-volleys and “table” strokes\n(corresponding to “ground strokes” in lawn tennis) were\npermissible, and in this way they obtain excellent practice\nfor “placing” and utilising strategy with regard to their\nlawn tennis, which is particularly of the “volleying” type in\nAmerica.\nIn the event of this country again “taking to” ping-pong,\nfollowing the excellent example of America, it would be\nadvisable to make some alterations in the method of play.\nIn this connection it is suggested that the table should be\nmarked out “in miniature” like a lawn tennis court. It is in\nthe field of scientific tactics and “placing” that ping-pong\noffers the greatest scope from the point of view of\nproficiency in lawn tennis. …\nDelicacy of Touch.\nIt also develops delicacy of touch, which is so important\nfor the execution of some of the most valuable strokes in\nlawn \ntennis. \nPing-pong, \nbesides \nthe \nadvantages\nenumerated above, plays an important part in the\ndeveloping of muscle, suppleness, quickness, and energy,\nand is, therefore, to be specially recommended to quite\nyoung children. It is also essentially a healthy and active\ngame, and is ideal for “wet” days and evenings.\nPing-pong develops certain mental attributes, namely,\nalertness, control of the senses, and “sureness” of hand.\n––––––––––––––––––––––––\n20th January: Not only has badminton revived its popularity, but\nping-pong is in full swing again.186\n13th February: Ping-pong has returned again, and threatens to\nbecome as popular as ever. This, of course, will mean a jump in\ncelluloid. And the ping-pong spirit is so infectious that before\nlong there’ll be quite a lot of table-rapping. There is no doubt that\nthe old game has been deliberately re-introduced to suit the\nwishes of the bouncing girl of the period.187\nSouthwick Trinity (Sunderland League Champions) v Rest of\nLeague on 6th March resulted in a win for the Rest by 4 points\n(247-243). [A Donaldson beat D Woodward 40-27].188\n17th March: The winner of tonight’s North of England\nindividual championship match will now be known. [A\nDonaldson (Southwick Trinity, holder) 200 v D Woodward\n(Southwick Congers) 187.] He will have the pleasure of\nentertaining the English Champion, Tom Hollingsworth, of\nBirmingham, on Saturday, March 27th. This interesting match\nwill likely be played at All Saints’ Church Institute, Fulwell\nRoad.189 [TTC 67/25]\n21st March: Ping-Pong: There is a revival in ping-pong, or table\ntennis, just now. A Scotsmen’s club has two expert players, and\nboth of them are blind ex-soldiers. They play by sound.190\n29th March: Report on the English Individual Championship, in\nwhich T Hollingsworth beat A Donaldson.191 [TTC 67/26]\n12th May: “Jack” Hobbs has not taken long to remind\ncricketers that he is still our greatest batsman. He is a busy\nman these days. When he is neither batting nor fielding, he\nplays ping-pong in the players’ dressing-room at the Oval.192\n10th July: At a Garden Fete at Manor Farm, Ruislip, “ “ping-\npong” was in high favour, “singles” and “doubles” taking their\nturns with lively interest!”193\n13th August: Ping-Pong is expected to rival football during\nthe winter months –– if the bad weather continues.194\n13th October: Eight clubs were represented at the pre-\nseason meeting of the Exeter Ping-Pong League.195\n1st December: Ping-pong is coming into fashion again,\nand sets can be had [at Barker’s Bazaar, Kensington], as\nwell as table-tennis.196\nPall Mall Gazette \n7 December 1920\nREVIVAL OF PING-PONG\n––––––––––––\nTHE POPULARITY OF THE GAME.\n–––––\n(By F. W. LAST.)\nIt is very gratifying to see the sports’ shops in London\nand the suburbs displaying in their windows ping-pong sets\nand tables. For these houses to do this there must, of\ncourse, be a distinct demand for ping-pong paraphernalia.\nBesides this activity in the trade, quite a number of\nprivate people are taking to the game seriously, and I am\ntold a club has been formed at Windsor. That interest is\nagain being taken in this pastime is not at all surprising. It\nis an excellent game for winter evenings and wet nights.\nMoreover, it is a cheap game, sets being purchaseable at\nabout 10s.\nThere is plenty of exercise attached to a hard and\nprolonged game of ping-pong. \nIt is best played on a\npolished dining-room table, but I have had recently most\nexcellent games on a full-sized billiard table, and an\nordinary dining-room table covered with a white tablecloth.\nThe fastest surface is the polished table, but a very true and\nmedium-paced ball is obtainable through the billiard cloth\nand tablecloth surfaces. …\nYarmouth Independent \n11 December 1920\n1921\nExeter & Plymouth Gazette \n5 January 1921\nPING PONG RENAISSANCE.\nHistory will record 1914 as the year of the Great War,\nand 1921 as the approximate date of the great Ping Pong\nRenaissance. ... However, the point is that all London is\nonce more playing the game with tremendous zest, the\nshops are being ransacked for new sets and the top attics\nfor old ones, and suburban streets now once more resound\n   38\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nat night, behind brightly-lit blinds, to a perfect barrage of\nvolatile clicks. …\nEX-SERVICE ENTHUSIASTS.\nPerhaps more remarkable than this revival of ping pong is\nthe fact that it should ever have been dropped so\ncompletely. \nThe only indoor game that is not purely\nsedentary to compare with it is billiards, and from the point\nof view of excitement and exercise ping pong has it all the\ntime. Ex Service men are remarkably keen on it. Scores of\nthousands of the gallant Middlesex and Fusiliers, who\nshared the rigours of the big campaigning, are now\ndevoting themselves in their leisure hours to patting a\ncelluloid ball across a dining-room table. Which is one\nvaluable piece of testimony against those psychologists\nwho asserted that the war would change human nature. It\nis with mixed feelings that some of the ping pong stars of\n19 years ago view this sudden and quite unexpected revival\nof their ancient pastime. They find a difficulty in getting\nback into training again. Their eyes are not quite as keen\nas they were two decades ago, and their waist expansion is\nfatally greater. Doubtless we shall have a revival of the\nCrystal Palace championships, and Mr. Punch will review\nthe benevolent jokes, with illustrations, of 1902.\nYorkshire Evening Post \n5 January 1921\nPing-Pong Again.\nOne of the surprises of the shopping season has been the\ndemand for ping-pong sets. \nHamley’s, of London, the\noriginators of ping-pong, say that the boom is as great as\nthat of 20 years ago, when the parlour game first caught on.\n[TTH 89, page 14]\nDundee Evening Telegraph \n5 January 1921\nPING-PONG BOOMS ONCE MORE.\n–––––––\nStores Find It Difficult to Meet Demand.\n… “The sales [of ping-pong sets] have been exceptional,” a\npressman learned from a member of the London firm\nwhich originated ping-pong.\n“We have had a great difficulty,” the speaker went on,\n“in supplying the demand, and there is no suggestion yet of\nits falling-off.”\nAs a matter of fact, in addition to new sets from the\nmanufacturers now in use, many households have\nrecovered the remains of old sets from lumber-rooms, and\nping-pong has been a very popular party pastime.\nConfirmation of the return of ping-pong to its former\nglory was furnished by another dealer. “While the game\nhas never completely died out,” he said, “we have\nexperienced a very decided run on our stocks lately. This\nis not surprising, as it is undoubtedly the best indoor game\nfor the not too wealthy household.”\nThe dealer suggests that the revival may be due to the call\nby ex-service men.\nEx-Soldiers Like It.\nFinding the need this year for an exciting, interesting, and\ninexpensive indoor pastime, they turned to the game which\nhad given them so much pleasure in more strenuous times.\nWhen at the zenith of its popularity about twenty years\nago ping-pong held sway for a couple of years in a manner\nnever previously attained by any game. It extended beyond\nGreat Britain to France, the Colonies, and America.\nIn London many of the restaurants provided sets for the\nuse of clients.\nPing-pong leagues were formed in those days [of] the\n“Table-Tennis \nAssociation” \nand \nthe \n“Ping-Pong\nAssociation.”\nThe original tournament table was marked somewhat\nafter lawn tennis fashion, but most people, of course, found\nthat the dining-room table was quite good enough and more\nsporting.\nThere are quite a lot of ping-pong rules about\nsomewhere, but the best people make their own. The chief\nare (1) to hit the table on the other side of the net and (2) to\nmake the other man field his own mis-hits.\nIf your partner is of the other sex, of course, the rules\nvary slightly. Both players then field under the table.\nHull Daily Mail \n6 January 1921\nA correspondent queries “whether [ping pong] ever really\ndied. … I know that it has been going on more or less\nunderground ever since the great boom, and it was played a\nlot in officers’ and sergeants’ messes during the war.”\nBirmingham Daily Gazette \n21 March 1921\nA RESURRECTION?\nPing-pong––that fast and skilful indoor game which took\nsuch a violent hold a few years ago––shows signs of\nattempting the boxer’s trick of “coming back.” At any rate,\na number of famous tennis and rackets players are\ncompeting in a ping-pong tournament at Queen’s Club,\nwhich is one of the centres of British amateur sport. The\nsurprising thing is that a revival has been so long delayed,\nfor the game has had no successor of anything like its\nmerit.\nLondon Evening News \n26 March 1921\nTo Ping-pongists.\nA “Ping-pongist of the strenuous type” is anxious to meet\nfellow-enthusiasts at the game through Sports Gossip.\nPresumably this reader is anxious to assist in the formation\nof a club to aid in the revival of this “scoffed at” but really\nfast and excellent game.\nMy correspondent remarks that he is unable to play\nwinter lawn tennis, but finds that P.P. keeps his arm well in\nfor the lawn tennis swing.\nI believe that this article in the Sports Gossip column of\nthe newspaper is the ‘advertisement’ referred to by Percy\nBromfield in his article written for Table Tennis World,\n5 December, 1931, and subsequently reprinted in the April\n1953 issue of Table Tennis:\nA bolt from the blue came along in the form of an\nadvertisement in an evening paper in 1921 by a Mr. Davies\nasking if the game was played in London and were there\nany of the old players still playing. This brought answers\nfrom a Mr. Payne, of Luton, and myself among others. We\nmet––we played––and the dormant spark burst into flame\nagain. \n[TTC 35/13; TTC 59/4]\n   39\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nWiltshire Times \n26 March 1921\nPing-pong is winning its way back into public favour.\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\nMarch: PING-PONG TEAMS AT CARDIFF. Ping-pong\nis again catching on, and in Cardiff district alone there are\nfifteen teams. A league has been formed and is known as\nthe Cardiff and District Ping-pong League.197\nSunderland Daily Echo \n2 April 1921\nPing-Pong.\nENGLISH CHAMPIONSHIP.\nAt \nWednesbury \nyesterday \nAndrew \nDonaldson\n(Sunderland) beat W. Hollingsworth (Wednesbury) by four\npoints. [TTC 67/27]\nLondon Evening News \n11 May 1921\nA Ping-Pong Association?\nA FEW weeks back a number of ping-pong enthusiasts\ngot into touch with one another through this column\n[Sports Gossip], and as a result of their deliberations a\nrevived ping-pong association is now mooted.\n“What we want to trace,” writes one of these gentlemen,\n“is the old ‘Ping-Pong Association.’ It was running during\nthe last craze, 18 to 20 years ago. Surely there are some of\nthe officials still alive and kicking. There seems no doubt\nthat the game will come into general favour again next\nwinter, and an association is badly needed again for all our\nclubs to look for guidance. My friends and I are quite\nready to give any help we can if we can find the man that\nknows the ‘ropes’ of the old association. They used to run\npublic open tournaments and championships, etc. This is\nwhat we want again.”\nThis article would appear to be the follow-up mentioned\nby Percy Bromfield in his 1931 article (this paragraph not\nreprinted in later versions):\nFollowing the example of Mr. Davies we advertised\nasking all enthusiasts to meet at Slaters in the Strand on a\nspecified date. The date came along as dates have a habit\nof doing and when we three arrived the place was packed.\nWe addressed the meeting and arranged to meet again with\nthe idea of forming another Association. So in 1921 I was\nelected President and Mr. Payne Secretary (positions which\nwe both held for many years), and the new Association\ncame into being.\n[This letter-header from April 1922 confirms as committee\nmembers four names that feature elsewhere on this page\n(Bromfield, Payne, Redmond, and a T D Davies; the latter\ntwo for just the one season.) Although Davies is a fairly\ncommon name, it would seem quite likely that this was the\nMr Davies who initiated the above correspondence.]\nJune: A specially balanced ping-pong table has been installed\nin the wardroom of the Japanese battleship which is to convey\nthe Crown Prince of Japan back to Tokyo.198\nNorwood News \n8 July 1921\nThe latest form of amusement to be revived is the old-\nfashioned game of ping pong, which enjoyed a great vogue\nsome 12 or so years ago. One of the prime movers in its\nrevival is Mr. Boden Redmond, of South Streatham.\nIn an interesting interview with a News representative,\nMr. Redmond gave some interesting particulars regarding\nthe resuscitation of the game.\n“Ping pong went out of fashion some time about 1910, I\nthink,” said Mr. Redmond, “and there is a real effort now\nbeing made for its revival.\n“With other enthusiasts I got into touch with the remnants\nof the old Ping Pong Association and the result is that clubs\nare being formed all over London and the country in\ngeneral.\n“I am endeavouring to get a large circle of good players\ntogether to form either a large club to represent Streatham\nand Norbury, or a series of clubs in the districts hereabouts\nin preparation for the coming season, which will start in\nSeptember.\nTOURNAMENTS AHEAD.\n“Championships and open tournaments will be held, and\nI hope to get many more members for the Streatham and\nNorbury club, so that by September we will be able to send\ngood teams to meet others in different districts in London\nand suburbs. …\n“Up to the present our efforts have met with every\nsuccess, especially with lawn tennis players, for owing to\nits being practically a winter pastime, it enables them to\nkeep their swing for the tennis season later on.\n“I believe my name is being put forward as a\nrepresentative of the committee of the old Ping Pong\nAssociation, which will be the parent body to which the\nvarious clubs will appeal for decisions.” [30-year-old Henry\nBoden Redmond could be contacted at “Torleigh,” 38 Glencairn\nRoad, South Streatham. He was a member of the PPA Executive\nCommittee for the 1921/22 season.]\nLancashire Evening Post \n13 September 1921\nRETURN OF PING-PONG. Ping-pong, which first raged\n19 years ago, has come back. \nPing-pong clubs are\nspringing up in all parts of London and the country, with\ninter-district matches among affiliated clubs.\nLeeds Mercury \n14 September 1921\nPing Pong Redivivus.\nAll our old games and pastimes would seem to be coming\ninto fashion again. Last night I chronicled a minor revival\nof “diabolo.” To-night I must mention a genuine return to\npopularity of ping-pong. Just as was the case nineteen\nyears ago, when the game was first introduced, and by\nmany called “table tennis,” ping-pong clubs are now\n   40\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nspringing into existence all over the Metropolis, and once\nmore tournaments and inter-district matches are being\neverywhere arranged. Whether the revival will last as long\nas the original craze remains to be seen.\nYorkshire Evening Post \n16 September 1921\n“ PING-PONG ” COMES BACK.\n––––––––\n“Ping-pong,” which was such a craze many years ago, is\ncoming into favour once again. In London, it has already\ngot a good hold. “There has been a fairly steady demand\nduring the last two or three years for ping-pong sets,” said a\nLeeds sports outfitter to-day, “and that steady demand is\none of the pleasing features of the revival. It indicates that\nthe game has come to stay, whereas if there had been a rush\nfor sets we should have thought it was only a passing\ncraze.”\nPing-pong sets––two bats, three balls and a net with\nposts––may be had for as little as 3s. 6d., while the more\nelaborate sets go as high as a guinea or more.\nWhy this revival? Has it any connection with the tennis\nboom? Our informant thought not. Badminton, he said,\nwas the winter tennis, but it required a considerable space,\nand that was one of the reasons why it was not so popular.\n“Ping-pong has been revived,” he said, “because there are\nno new novelties to offer in the way of winter games that\ncan be played by a small party. …”\nNorwood News \n23 September 1921\nAs promised (see above), South Streatham Ping Pong Club\nran a Ping Pong Tournament in St Andrew’s Hall on 20th\nSeptember. H B Redmond lost 21-11 to A J Miller in the\nGentlemen’s Singles Final. “The play of the lady members\nwas of a high standard.”\nDerby Daily Telegraph \n20 October 1921\nWhat’s in a Nickname?\nLawn tennis stands little chance of being a winter\nevening’s pastime on account of the difficulty of lighting a\ncovered court sufficiently well to please expert players.\nBut its diminutive form, table tennis, is booming again,\nand would stand a good chance of popularity if blessed\nwith a more serious name than ping-pong.\nProbably the nickname will adhere, and kill the game,\nwhich seems a pity.––“Daily Chronicle.”\n9th November: A Sale of Work in Warminster Town Hall\nincluded a Ping-Pong Tournament.199\nEvening Standard \n14 November 1921\nPing-Pong Revival.\n“Ping-Pong clubs are being formed all over London, and\nthe old craze is coming back fast.” This is the assurance\ngiven us by the secretary of the Ping-Pong Association,\nwhich has just been revived after lapsing into a state of\ncoma somewhere about 1903.\nThe meeting which decided to resuscitate the association\nwas held recently in London, when Mr. J. P. Bromfield, of\nShepherd’s Bush, was elected chairman, and Mr. J. J.\nPayne, of 55 Biscot-road, Luton, the honorary secretary\nand treasurer.\nThe association’s handsome silver challenge cup, open to\nteams of five from affiliated clubs, is to be put up for\ncompetition again, and Mr. Payne will be pleased to supply\nhandbooks and books of official rules to secretaries and\nthose thinking of forming clubs.\nWhilst I have not yet found a newspaper report with the\nexact date of the meeting, this can fairly safely be\nassumed to be 7 November, 1921, as shown in the 1922\nAccounts of the Ping Pong Association:\n[With many thanks to Colin Clemett for this information.]\nThe Bystander \n2 November 1921\nLeeds Mercury \n16 November 1921\nNot “ Ping Pong ” Please.\nA tear of sympathy for a very fine body of sportsmen is\nsurely evoked by the plea of the “Ping Pong” exponents for\nthe use of the more dignified term, “Table Tennis.” So\nlong as this most entrancing sport is known by the abhorred\ntitle which I will not repeat, it is impossible, they say, to\nget it taken seriously. It is their ambition, it seems, to\nelevate table tennis to the exalted status enjoyed by tennis\nproper, leading, no doubt, to the discovery of a Lenglen or\na Tilden, with a Wimbledon Championship into the\nbargain.\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\nChristmas: “Table games seem popular this year – improved\nshuttlecock and ping-pong, table tennis, …”.200 [TTC 56, page 7]\n    41\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nLincolnshire Echo \n23 November 1921\nThere are indications of a revival of ping-pong, which was\na craze some fourteen years ago.\nManchester Evening News \n24 November 1921\nBoom inTable Tennis\nRevival of Ping Pong.\nPING-PONG, or as its new devotees prefer to call it, table\ntennis, is being seriously revived this winter, and clubs are\nrapidly springing up to further its popularity.\nMany lawn tennis players find that it keeps their eye in\nduring the close season of their favourite sport, and also\nsupplies the exercise they miss so much, and so it finds\nadherents of both sexes.\nLocal tournaments are being arranged, and it is quite\nlikely that public ones will follow in the same way as in the\ntime of the first boom.\nGrave Enthusiasts.\nIt is noticeable that in the sports emporiums all manner of\ndifferent ping-pong racquets are being displayed, a sure\nsign that the game is no longer considered merely a pastime\nfor children.\nEnthusiasts gravely debate the rival merits of cork,\nsandpaper, or wooden surfaces, and their preference for\nlight or heavy balls.\nIt remains to be seen whether there will be a craze for\ntable tennis to equal that of years ago, but it is certain that\nthis winter will find it very popular in the home.\nPall Mall Gazette \n25 November 1921\nPing-Pong.\nWe used to laugh at ping-pong, but now we call it table\ntennis, and the fact that the Prince of Wales played it on the\nRenown has helped it a good deal. \nYesterday at the\nKensington Town Hall there were ping-pong competitions\nin connection with the Surgical Supply Depot bazaar, and\nPrincess Louise, who opened it, was photographed at the\ntable, bat in hand.\nNorthern Daily Mail \n2 December 1921\nPall Mall Gazette \n30 December 1921\nThe Value of Ping-Pong.\nWhen ping-pong first came into popularity there were\nmany derogatory comments on the uselessness of what\nmany described as a childish game. \nBut table tennis\ndeserves a much more flattering description.\nLawn tennis has long grown out of the stigma of being a\ngame only fit for schoolgirls; \nBadminton is generally\nrecognised as a particularly strenuous form of indoor\nwinter sport; and ping-pong, when all is said and done, can\nbe made a very vigorous game, and one which will quickly\nfind out the weak spots in the physical condition of anyone.\nGreat efforts were made only recently to revive the game,\nand a society was formed to consider the many points that\nmust inevitably arise before ping-pong is anything in the\nway of an organised sport.\nIrish Society (Dublin) \n31 December 1921\nA DEFUNCT AMUSEMENT.\nDid ever a Humpty Dumpty suffer such a veritable “great\nfall” as the once paramount Ping-Pong! A few years ago it\nwas a fever––a disease,––every house was infected by it,\nand every individual had a touch of the malady, more or\nless severely. Fortunes were said to have been made by it,\nand lost over it, and now it is as dead as Queen Anne! It\ndied for want of a netting. People got weary of continually\ngrovelling on floors after balls, and nobody thought of\ncontriving a nice little loose cord-netting, to be affixed to\nsides of tables. The public is decidedly fickle, nobody can\npossibly deny the fact, but it is wonderfully steadfast to its\nown comforts, and games that can be played without\nrequiring a hinge in the backs of players will be extremely\nlikely to “stay in.”\n1922\nSport (Dublin) \n4 February 1922\nALL-ENGLAND PING PONG CLUB.\nSo great has been the support of those who have\nundertaken the task of reviving ping-pong that an All-\nEngland club is now proposed. Mr. Austin F. Carris, a\nmember of the Ping-Pong Association Committee, writes\nasking for help in obtaining a large hall or room, as near\nthe West End as possible, to take from 16 to 25 tables, for\nthe formation of such a club. There is a large number of\napplications already for membership of such a club.\nNottingham Evening Post \n16 February 1922\nWith the title of the All-England Ping-Pong Club, the\nrevived Ping-Pong Association is opening its headquarters\nin London on Monday [20th].\nPall Mall Gazette \n21 February 1922\nALL-ENGLAND PING PONG CLUB\nOwing to the revival of ping pong, the necessity of a\ncentral club has been keenly felt. \nThis has now been\nformed, with its title and headquarters as The All-England\nPing Pong Club, Slater’s Restaurant, 393, Strand, London,\nW.C.2. The lower dining-hall at Slater’s Restaurant has\nbeen specially reserved for the use of the club each\nTuesday and Friday evening, from 5 p.m. until 11 p.m.\nThe entrance fee and subscription combined, for either\nladies or gentlemen, has been fixed at one guinea. If the\ndemand warrants it the club will be open every night during\nthe week. A competition will be inaugurated for the club\nmembers only, to be played at headquarters. Within the\nnext week or two, an official announcement will probably\n   42\nEARLY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES\nbe made regarding the competition for the individual\nchampionships.\nPall Mall Gazette \n2 March 1922\nJACK HOBBS PLAYS PING-PONG.\n–––––––––––––\nFILMED TO SHOW HOW IT IS DONE.\n–––––––\nHobbs and Ducat, the famous Surrey cricketers, have\ntaken to ping-pong.\nTogether with B. I. C. Norton, the South African lawn\ntennis player, who was beaten by Tilden in the\nchampionship final at Wimbledon last year, and the two\nKent amateur cricketers, the brothers Bryan, they are to\nform part of a team of ping-pong players to meet\nCambridge University next Thursday.\nFurther, Hobbs and Ducat have gone on the films as ping-\npong experts. They have been filmed in an exhibition\nmatch, which will shortly be shown in the cinemas in the\nweekly budget “Around Town.” …\nApart from its popularity in London, however, many\npeople at Cambridge have taken up the game, and recently\nA. E. Evans, Christ College, defeated C. S. Ramaswami,\nPembroke College, in the final of the ping-pong\ncompetition, for which there were nearly 150 entries. Mr.\nRamaswami is the well-known lawn tennis player and\ncricketer.\nDundee Evening Telegraph \n13 March 1922\nPING-PONG COMES BACK TO FAVOUR.\n––––––––––\nA ping-pong craze is sweeping through the land, and\ngrowing rapidly. There are probably as many as fifty clubs\nin London formed to play the game.\nIn the roomy basement of a Strand restaurant (writes a\nLondon correspondent) I found members of the new All-\nEngland Ping-Pong Club at their devotions. There were a\ndozen green tables, with the little green nets.\nWith two exceptions the players were men in shirt-\nsleeves, but the club membership of about 100 includes\nmany of the fair sex.\nThe men were of all ages––from white-haired veterans to\nyoung City clerks. Everyone was as serious as if he had\nbeen playing chess.\nOn the loungers that lined the walls sat other players\nresting.\nThere are athletes who are members of the club. Hobbs,\nthe Surrey and England cricketer, is a ping-pong enthusiast.\nSo, too, is Ducat, who, besides being an international\ncricketer, has represented his country in the football field.\nThe tables were never idle, and I was told that the club\nhopes next season to rent a hall that will accommodate\nfrom 30 to 40 tables, for its membership is growing fast.\nIn a talk with the president I learned that preparations are\nafoot for a big championship tournament in April that will\ntake from four to six weeks to run.\nHull Daily Mail \n15 March 1922\nReading Observer \n24 March 1922\nPING PONG AGAIN.–\nPing-Pong, or table-tennis, a game that suddenly became\npopular in 1901, is again coming into favour. The news\nwill not be altogether welcome to housewives who\nremember the heavy wear and tear inflicted on dining-room\ncarpets and furniture during the craze twenty years ago. It\nis better suited to basement rooms, or clubs, and as a\n“parlour” game, it is apt to become a nuisance to people\nnaturally inclined for a quiet home life. Dozens of clubs\nare being formed in London for playing the game, but the\nseason for indoor amusements is ending, instead of\ncommencing, and this seems rather against the prospect of\na new ping-pong craze.\nReferences\n129. Sunderland Daily Echo, 13 Feb. 1914.\n130. Bournemouth Graphic, 13 Feb. 1914.\n131. Sunderland Daily Echo, 21 Feb. 1914.\n132. Coventry Eve. Telegraph, 1 Apr. 1914.\n133. Western Times, 3 April 1914.\n134. Exeter & Plymouth Gaz., 8 Apr. 1914.\n135. Ballymena Observer, 10 April 1914.\n136. Sunderland Daily Echo, 31 Aug. 1914.\n137. Yarmouth Independent, 23 May 1914.\n138. Boston Guardian, 1 August 1914.\n139. Coventry E. Telegraph, 30 Nov. 1914.\n140. Cambridge Ind. Press, 8 Jan. 1915.\n141. Western Chronicle, 22 January 1915.\n142. The Graphic, 6 February 1915.\n143. Dorking Advetriser, 13 February 1915.\n144. Western Mail, 19 February 1915.\n145. Cambridge Ind. Press, 19 Feb. 1915.\n146. Coventry E. Telegraph, 23 April 1915.\n147. Western Mail, 23 April 1915.\n148. Bexhill-on-Sea Observer, 8 May 1915.\n149. Daily Mirror, 10 June 1915.\n150. Preston Herald, 4 December 1915.\n151. Wiltshire Times, 3 July 1915.\n152. Yorkshire Evening Post, 22 Dec. 1915.\n153. Western Times, 28 December 1915.\n154. Bournemouth Graphic, 31 Dec. 1915.\n155. Coventry E. Telegraph, 11 Nov. 1915.\n156. Western Mail, 4 January 1916.\n157. Huddersfield D. Exam., 10 Jan. 1916.\n158. Leicester Daily Post, 13 January 1916.\n159. St. Andrews Citizen, 22 January 1916.\n160. Diss Express, 25 February 1916.\n161. Daily Mirror, 16 March 1916.\n162. Daily Mirror, 8 June 1916.\n163. West Sussex Co. Times, 11 Nov. 1916.\n164. Bournemouth Guardian, 23 Dec. 1916.\n165. Northern Whig, 11 January 1917.\n166. Bicester Herald, 19 January 1917.\n167. Cambridge Ind. Press, 19 Jan. 1917.\n168. Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 3 Apr 1917.\n169. Yarmouth Independent, 26 May 1917.\n170. Hertford Mercury, 28 July 1917.\n171. Grantham Journal, 4 August 1917.\n172. Thanet Advertiser, 15 December 1917.\n173. Buckingham Advertiser, 29 June 1918.\n174. Norwood News, 9 August 1918.\n175. Hampshire Telegraph, 23 Aug. 1918.\n176. Belfast News-Letter, 30 Dec. 1918.\n177. Western Morning News, 24 Mar 1919.\n178. Yarmouth Independent, 31 May 1919.\n179. Norwood News, 4 July 1919.\n180. Western Morning News, 1 Oct. 1919.\n181. Sunderland Daily Echo, 1 Oct. 1919.\n182. Sunderland Daily Echo, 4 Nov. 1919.\n183. Yarmouth Independent, 8 Nov. 1919.\n184. Cambridge Daily News, 20 Dec. 1919.\n185. Sunderland Daily Echo, 23 Dec. 1919.\n186. Yorkshire Evening Post, 20 Jan. 1920.\n187. The Globe (London), 13 Feb. 1920.\n188. Sunderland Daily Echo, 6 Mar. 1920.\n189. Sunderland Daily Echo, 17 Mar. 1920.\n190. Sunday Post (Glasgow), 21 Mar. 1920.\n191. Sunderland Daily Echo, 29 Mar. 1920.\n192. Leeds Mercury, 12 May 1920.\n193. Uxbridge Gazette, 16 July 1920.\n194. Dundee Eve. Telegraph, 13 Aug. 1920.\n195. Western Morning News, 14 Oct. 1920.\n196. The Sketch (London), 1 Dec. 1920.\n197. Western Mail, 30 March 1921.\n198. Hartlepool North. Mail, 29 June 1921.\n199. Wiltshire Times, 5 November 1921.\n200. The Times, 17 November 1921\n   43\nChina sheet/4 stamps from the 1961 World Championships, Beijing.  This example\nfeatures a very rare error.  The red print is shifted down, so some of the text is missing.\nThe shift is more extreme than a previous example.  10,000 Euros on Delcampe.net !\nPhilatelic  Update\nNot much to report due to lack of tournaments.\nWith great help of the Chinese TTA, the ITTF\nre-started Table Tennis activity with the World\nCups in Weihai, and the ITTF Finals (formerly\nPro Tour Grand Finals) in Zhengzhou.  But no\nphilatelic items from these events!\nMonaco  issued November 3, 2020,\nfor the Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo 23. July\n– 8. August 2021.\nFace-value: 1,40 Euro.\nPrint in small sheets with 10 stamps.\nThe pictograms show sports disciplines in\nwhich athletes from Monaco take part in\n  44\n 45\nTwo stellar pieces from the Jean Devys (FRA) collection\nGunther Angenendt (GER) sends images of the cover pages\nof early Tisch-Tennis magazines.  Some great historic photos!\nPhoto from the 1931 World Championships in Budapest:  Jensen (SWE) vs Kelen (HUN)\n  46\nPhoto from the 1933 World Championships in Baden-bei-Wien\n  47\n     48\nPhoto of the German women’s team, winners of the innaugural Corbillon Cup in the 1934\nWorld Championships, Paris. L-R: Felguth, Muller-Ruster, Heim, Krebsbach, Hohnsch.  Not\nshown, Bussman.  A talented team!\nPhoto of the finalists of the German national championships.  L: Felguth\n(who defeated Bussman), and the winner, Krebsbach\n 49\nThe two world’s best players, photo of the finalists in the 1935 World Championship men’s singles.\n                              L:  Szabados, and the winner for the 5th time, Victor Barna.\n   50\nPhoto from the 1935 World Championships in London.  L:  Krebsbach (GER), R: Kettnerova (TCH),\nwho defeated Krebsbach in the 1934 World Championships final in Paris.  Kettnerova went on to\nwin the 1935 crown over Magda Gal (HUN).\n   51\nPhoto of Fred Perry(ENG), who at age 19 won the World Singles title in Budapest 1929.  Perry went on to a\nhighly successful career in Tennis, as well as establishing a sports clothing empire.\n    52\nA repeat of the photo of the playing hall from the 1933 World Championships in Baden-bei-Wien, (No. 4,\n1933 edition), shown in anticipation of the upcoming 1937 World Championships at the same venue.\n   53\nThe German women’s team, who placed second in the Corbillon Cup at the\n1937 World Championships.   L-R:  Bussman, Schultz, Hobohm\n     54\nThe German ‘Trio’ at the 1938 World Championships\nin London.   L-R:  Hoffmann, Mauritz, Munchow\n   55\nThe venue for the 1939 World Championships in Cairo,\nthe first World Championships held outside of Europe\n   56\nTrude Pritzi, who won the German Singles title 3 times and scored\nthe only point in the team match between Germany and Hungary\n    57\nAuction Action - Results & Trends\n 58\nSet of 6 magic lantern glass slides with Ping Pong theme.  Mr Peppercorn presents\nhis family with a Ping Pong set (slide 1, then chaos ensues (slides 2-5)), and then Mr\nPeppercorn forms an Anti Ping Pong Club.  Sold for a reasonable 65 GBP\nGlass magic lantern slides, illustrating how the balls roll under the furniture.  In the 3rd slide,\nsomeone’s hand is caught in a mouse trap.  55 GBP\n   59\nThis lot of 2 early sets sold for $368.  Above:  set by Williams of Paris.  Below:  Set by E.I. Horsman\nof New York.  The rackets in the Horsman set are possibly not original to the set.\n  60\n3 early wood bats from the Gurney Collection.  5.5 GBP\nJaques cork bat, 4.3GBP\n     61\nCard 2 from the early Fairyland postcards set of 6, with ‘Birthday\nGreetings’. $10 for card 2 and card 5 below in one lot !\nCard 1 from the early Faiyland\npostcard set of 6.  Excellent\ncondition except for a small\nding in the lower right corner.\n85 GBP\nCard 5 of the early Fairyland set of 6, with ‘Many Happy\nReturns’ added.  Sold with card 2 above for $10\nClock trophy from a 1902 Ping Pong tournament at the Hotel\nContinental in Berlin.  3.5 inches tall, sold for $88.  Steve Grant\nreports that the clock is still working!\n   62\nOne of a 12-card series of advertising cards for\nGlobe Metal Polish, 1902  99 GBP\nNo. 2 size vellum battledore  22.51GBP\nTwo vellum drum rackets, 38cm and 36.5cm.  Only 30 GBP winning bid!\n  63\nTwo hand-colored cartoon illustrations from Punch magazine:  Ping Pong\nDiplomacy (8 GBP), and Ping Pong in the Kitchen (11.5 GBP)\n  64\nSterling silver enameled medal for the 1928-29\nCardiff & District Division 2.  $74\nPair of Slazenger bats, one side pimpled rubber, the other, vellum. 30 GBP\n    65\nWaseda University (JPN) Table Tennis team, c. 1920s.  8GBP\nScarce early Disney postcard, c. 1930s   $44\n  66\nPressman (US) boxed set with drawing of a woman on one of the wood bats. $13.50\n 67\nJaques boxed set with both Table Tennis and Ping Pong names\nfor the game. C.1930  11.5GBP\nMarks Bros (US) set in fine wood box, sandpaper bats. $152\n   68\nHoliday greeting card  $1.25\n      69\nAubrey Simons (1921-2014) signature bat,\n20GBP.  Aubrey was an English international\nwho won a Gold medal in the 1953 World\nChampionship team event, and was\nsubsequently ranked World number 4.  He\nrepresented England in 165 events!\nRichard Bergman photo, inscribed. 42 GBP.  A postcard\nwith the same photo sold separately for $20\nSeldom seen Spalding Ron\nSharman signature bat. 5 GBP\nRon won a bronze medal in the\n1949 World Championships team\nevent, representing England,\nalong with teammates Richard\nBergmann, Johnny Leach, Victor\nBarna and Aubrey Simons.\nForoma Wizard bat  100 GBP\n   70\nThe case was advertised, but the surprise\ninside was a classic Barna bat, the lot sold\nfor a bargain 25GBP !\nSpalding blade named after Eric Findon\n(1913-1941), who represented England in\nthe 1934 Swaythling Cup.  He was also an\nactor, appearing in two feature films.  5 GBP\n  71\nPair of Dunlop Barna bats with red\nteardrop logo. Sold for only 31 GBP\nPhoto of legendary pool hustler\nMinnesota Fats. $100\n  72\nRoyal Bayreuth porcelain shaped like dice, flags over table\npattern.  A holder for matches or toothpicks.  $750\nDick Miles bat with promotional photo.  Dick was\n10-times US Singles Champion.  $5\nJapanese medallion, 1969 World\nChampionships, Munich.  8.60 GBP\nBergmann’s classic 1950 book,\nTwenty-One Up, inscribed, 10GBP\nBergmann was a prolific autograph\nsigner, often dated with inscriptions\n  73\n   74\nPair of Biriba bats.  $18  Ubiraci  Podriguez da Costa, affectionately\nknown as Biriba, was a young sensation in Brazil, scoring many\ngreat victories against top world class players.\nJaques ‘Tema’ hardbats  6GBP\nButterfly Secretin (1949-2020) bat $26  The French star won the World Mixed\nDoubles with Claude Bergeret in 1977, and often staged entertaining exhibitions\nwith Vincent Purkart (FRA, 1936-2015).\n     75\nButterfly Surbek ST sponge bat, $59.  Surbek (YUG) won the World Men’s\nDoubles Championships in 1979 (w/Stipancic) and 1983 (w/Kalinic).\n  76\nStiga Stellan Bengtsson  bat in original box.\n102 GBP after 31 bids!\nStiga Alser $157 after 46 bids!\nStiga Kjell Johansson $159\nStiga ‘Flisan F’ hardbat  $87 after 26 bids\nBook by Ron Crayden, The Story of Table\nTennis - the first 100 years.12 GBP\n      77\nPoster Iran 1989 TT tournament Shiraz   120 Euros\nPlaque from the 1956 World Club\nChampionships, for D. Weeks, who\nwon a Club Singles event.\n    78\nPoster for the 1962 European Championships in\nBudapest.  60 Euros.\nPoster from the 1981 European Championships in\nTopolcany   70Euros\nPoster from the first European Championships in\nBudapest, 1958.   180 Euros\nPoster from the 1978 European Championships in\nDuisberg, 1978   40 Euros\nThe many pins from Atlanta 1996 Olympic Table Tennis are plentiful and well known.\nThis postcard featuring the mascot Izzy playing Table Tennis seldom surfaces.  $3\nPoster from the 1987\nBalkan Championships,\nConstanta, Romania\n$87\n    79\nGünther Angenendt\nLangacker 10a 44869 Bochum, Germany\n+49-2327-77117   ttanpp@gmx.de\nPre-war World Ch Programs; all Tt items\nGerman boxed sets & bats;  TT pins\nJorge Arango   jharango@une.net.co\nCl. 10 No. 25-103 Ap.116 Medellin Columbia\nPhilatelic & general TT items\nMichael L. Babuin, PhD    USA\n416 Charles Ct., Cary NC 27511\nmikebabuin@aol.com\nPre-1905 books, old film copies, programs\nOliver Born   Germany\nborn4TT@freenet.de  www.old-butterfly.de\nOld Butterfly rackets, especially Korpa\nKeith Bowler   In Memoriam\nFabrice Chantriaux   France\n10 Rue des Chevrefeuilles F-45130 Saint-Ay\n02.38.88.82.11         Fax: 02.38.45.94.29\nF.chantriaux@wanadoo.fr  Stamps, cancels,\nPostcards, posters, old papers on TT\nColin Clemett colin.clemett@gmail.com\n2 Watermill Court, 10 Springwell, Havant\nPO9 1ED   UK      Historical documents\nFabio Colombo  Italy     drfabioc@gmail.com\nwww.colombofabio.com\nTable Tennis books, World Rankings. Author\nSeeking STIGA Stipancic rackets\nRon Crayden (ENG)   in Memoriam\nAndre Demeure (BEL)  in Memoriam\nJean Devys    Residence La petite vigne,\n20 rue Edgar Quinet, A16  F-59100 Roubaix\nFrance  33.320828444  Fax: 33.320650849 TT\nphilately, cycling   jean.devys@orange.fr\nAxel Dickhaus   Germany\nAtzienbacherf Str. 88 D-51381 Leverkusen\n+49 (0)2171 32108  Fax: 49 (0)2171.731478\naxel.dickhaus@freenet.de  TT balls, phone cards\nAlan Duke    alan-duke2@talktalk.net\n2 Shapwick Close,  Swindon WILTS. England\nSN3 3RQ UK     +44 (0) 1793 531234\nHistory, music & photo record of TT items\nSergio Durazzano   durazzano@aruba.it\nVia Girardini 8, 33100 Udine, Italy\n0432.21105  Stamps & historical books\nWinfried Engelbrecht    Germany\nVirgiliastr.21 D-45131 Essen 49.201.78.6795\nwinfried.engelbrecht@imail.de    Philately:\nStamps, FDCs, Sheets, Postmarks, books,\nphonecards, tickets, stickers, W.C. Programs\nRomualdas Franckaitis       Lithuania\nRfranckaitis@gmail.com\nGao Yi-bin      15365036631@163.com\nNo.9 Xin Wen Road 21-905 Phoenix Tree Garden\nJiangning, Nanjing, Jiansu  P.R.China  211100\n+8625 5212 3334 TT stamps, FDC, postcards\nphonecards, coins, medals, pins, cancels\nRoman Gelman     rgpinman@aol.com\n24 Taverngreen Court, Baltimore, MD.  USA\n21209   410 602 0267  Pins,,badges,medals\nDavid Good    dgood42@yahoo.com\n710 N.Waverly, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA\n+1 313 278 5271   c.1900 sets, equipment,\nephemera, memorabilia\nScott Gordon USA  sgordon@hardbat.com\n5340 Shelato Way, Carmichael, CA 95608\n+1 916 978 0117  www.hardbat.com     films\nHistoric films,classic era hardbats, old books\nGordon Gotal   mim-borovo@zg.htnet.hr\nMeduliceva 23 Zagreb 10000 Croatia\n+3851 4848 687 Exch: TT pins, medals, post-\ncards Acquire: WC & EC official badges\n(Guest, organizer, player, press, etc)\nSteve Grant      NY, NY   USA     author\nNyman455@yahoo.com\nPing Pong Diplomacy, Early 1900s TT\nEsko Heikkinen   esko.heikkinen@sptl.fi\nVainamoisenkatu 9  B 17 Helsinki 00100\nFinland  +358 50 62532 TT history, Stiga bats\nGerald Gurney      In Memoriam\nRex Haggett   rex.haggett@ntworld.com\n27 Meadow Close, Stratford-upon-Avon\nWarwickshire, CV37 9PJ  England\n+44 (0) 1789 269352       Philately\nRuss Hamilton Arkansas, USA\nJ.russ.hamilton@gmail.com   214-673-6164\nc1890-1902 vintage sets, books, unusual items\nBarry Hayward     UK\n19 Little Hardwick Road, Streetly\nWest Midlands  WS9 0SD   TT books in English\nbarry_hayward@LHRstreetly.freeserve.co.uk\nWebsite: https://tabletennislibrary.co.uk\nChuck Hoey   Honorary Curator, ITTF Museum\nmuseum@ittf.com    ittfmuseum@yahoo.com\nArt bats, unusual bats, historic photos,\nImportant medals, museum quality items\nMartin Holland   mjh44now@yahoo.co.uk\n44 Victoria Road, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria\nEngland  BA14 5JU  TT postcards & trade cards\nRolf Jaeger  USA      In Memoriam\nDean Johnson        USA\n3404 Holly Road, Virginia Beach, VA 23451\n(757) 478 3605   djab2b@aol.com\nJean-Francois Kahn   France\n49 rue Leonardo da Vinci, 77330 Ozoir la\nFerriere        jfkhan70@gmail.com\n+33 1 40779762  TT philately: imperf stamps,\nsheets, color proofs, minister/artist sheets,\nerrors, postmarks, meters, FDCs, specimens\nChristian Klaus   Möllersdorf, Austria\nchristianklaus59@gmail.com\nTT stamps, cancels, postcards, autograph\ncards, FDCs, historic photos, magazines,\nNewspapers, score-lists, books, posters …\nJan Kleeven    sjangkleeven@planet.nl\nMargrietstraat 63    6373 NN Landgraaf\nNetherlands  Pins, flags, pennants, stamps,\nPhonecards, stickers\nMatti Kolppanen     Finland\nKollekannaksent 12E, FI-02720  Espco\n matti.kolppanen@kolumbus.fi\nTT history, TT postcards\nRandy Koo       Netherlands\nTorenwacht 37, 2353 DB Leiderdorp\n+31 071 5417413   randykoo@gmail.com\nStamps mint, postmarks, red meters, FDC\nHans Kreischer   +34965698195\nAvenue les Comargues 21, Busot-Allicante\n03111 Spain  hanskreischer@hotmail.com\nwww.ttmuseum.nl\nKevin Lau   USA kevintennis@yahoo.com\nPhilatelic, pins, coins, memorabilia, souvenir\n& decorative items\nFRANCESCO LUCESOLI    Italy\nVIA DEI FAGGI 16\nI-60018 MARINA DI MONTEMARCIANO\nStamps, FDC, special postmarks, varieties\nCaron Leff       Ft. Myers, FL   USA\ncsleff@aol.com      Table Tennis pins\nCollector Directory\n 80\nFrancis Leibenguth   France   +33951966614\n1 résidence des Hauts de Villebon 91140\nVillebon-sur-Yvette stanfl54-hardbat@yahoo.fr\nVintage bats (esp hardbats), vintage sets\nhttp://raquettes-collection.blog4ever.com\nJorgen Lindh      joli@mbox303.swipnet.se\nEgnahemsgatan 13D S-43242 Varberg SWE\nSteve Luck, 12 Liskey Hill, Perranporth,\nCornwall TR6 0ET Phone: 07860 446209\nsteve@stevelucktennis.com racket sports,\nrowing, billiards, croquet, archery ...\nFabio Marcotulli        Venezuela\nlailagalvez@yahoo.com\nBarna rackets, TT items from all eras\nHubert Menand\nhubert.menand@laposte.net\nPresident, AFCTT (French TT Collectors)\nEldon Mohler    eam2@ix.netcom.com\n1820 E.Warm springs Rd.\nSuite 112 Las Vegas. NV 89119 USA\nFax: +1-702-453-8472\nErik Kenneth Muhr   England UK\n2 Highgate Hill, Hawkhurst KENT TN18 4LB\n01580 752676   History of Table Tennis\nken.muhr@btinternet.com\nRudolf Mueller     Germany\nBahnhofstr. 58 D-57250 Netphen 02738-\n1461 Stamps, cancels, letter, error, red\nmeters     r-mueller-netphen@t-online.de\nJan Nusteleyn   Netherlands\nWeserstraat 21, 9406 VP Assen  0592-\n356050 e-mail: nleyn@hotmail.com\nStamps, mint perforated FDCs red meters,\ncancels WC, EC, EC-Youth, Top-12\nRobert Op de Beeck\nIn Memoriam\nFlorian Pagel    Germany     flo.p@gmx.net\nOlder Banda, Stiga, Joola, Butterfly, Imperial\nPark Jeong Kye   fifaball@hanmail.net\nPO Box 555 Busan 48931 KOREA South\nPostmarks, stamps, postcards\nGregory Pinkhusovich\nApt.10, h.2 Sheshet Ha-Yamim Str\nAriel 40700 ISRAEL   +972-54-3394739\ngpinkhusovich@gmail.com\n TTpins, badges, medals, coins\nLaszlo Polgar    Hungary\nklpolgar@hotmail.com\nEarly World Ch items,Barna,Bergmann,\nBellak,Szabados,Anna Sipos,Rozeanu,Ehrlich\nand Dolinar. Table Tennis plus chess.\nAlberto Prieto  USA\nalberto@valortabletennis.com\nRobin Radford       rjradford@xtra.co.nz\n16 St Edmund Cr   TAWA, Wellington, NZ\n+64 04 232 5672\nTT cartoons, comic strips, clip art\nJose Ransome\n”Conifers” Church Lane ORMESBY\nMiddleborough TS7 9AU ENGLAND\n01642 322223 ajransome@aol.com\nGeoff Reed    In Memoriam\nHelmut Reinhardt\nFriedrich-Voss-Platz 19,\nD-24768 Rendsburg, GERMANY\nH.Reinhardt-Stral@kabelmail.de\nOrtwin Schiessl    Austria\nLascygasse 14-16, A-1170  WIEN\nortwin.schiessl@aon.at   table tennis\nphilately: Stamps, sheets, FDC, postmarks\nLutz Schoenfeld        Germany\nselling Table Tennis items on ebay: pongiste\ne-mail: rulusch@t-online.de\nLuigi Simeoni       In Memoriam\nHarry Sintemaartensdijk   Netherlands\nJulianastraat 8,2651 DP Berkel en Rodenrijs\n0031 105114621 harry.smd@kpnmail.nl\nTischtennis Aufklebers/stickers\nTang Gan Xian     P.R.China\ntangganxian2013@163.com\nQin Hu 4-35-104, ChangShu 215500\n+86-512-52722359 TT stamps, FDC, pins\npostmarks, postcards, phonecards,tickets,\nMarc Templereau    France    afctt@free.fr\n16 Hameau des cerisiers 38150 Roussillon\nSecretary, AFCTT (French TT Collectors\nAssoc)  https://afctt.wordpress.com\nCollections : stamps, FDC, players postcards,\nautographs, programs\nMichael Thomson\n1 Kinnoull Terrace, PERTH\nPH2 7DJ SCOTLAND UK 01738 622052\nthomsonmfamily@blueyonder.co.uk\nJaques and history of Table Tennis\nSolazzi Tonino   solton66@virgilio.it\nVia Millefonti 6 / 5 10126 Torino, Italy\n0039 3668744426 Table Tennis pins\nwww.tabletennispins.weebly.com\nHans-Peter Trautmann    Germany\nSiegfriedstr. 17 64385 Reichelsheim\nhpt@hptrautmann.de\nStamps mint, perf + imperf, sheets, color\nproofs, minister/artist sheets, postmarks,\nerrors, red/blue meters\nGraham Trimming      44(0)1628 529609\nRosemount Juniper Lane\nWooburn Green, Bucks HP10 0DE England\n graham.trimming@virgin.net pre-1939 TT\nitems, esp c.1900s. Acquire: Gossima 1891;\nearly unusual items; early World Ch items.\nDamir Uzorinac      Croatia\nPrilaz Gjure Dezelica 20 10000 Zagreb\nDamir.Uzorinac@pliva.hr 38598474982\nBooks, pins, stamps, cancellations\nRuss Walker     e-mail = ?\n4316 Irving Ave N, MPLS MN 55412 USA\n+1-612-522-7905\nEarly 1900s equipment & boxed sets\nDiane & Harvey Webb   England\nDianek1414@hotmail.co.uk\n+44 (0)1424 216342\nEnglish related photographs, programmes,\nbooks, post cards. General - pin badges\nYao Zhenxu\nRoom 401 Unit 1 Building 2\nNo. 4 Dongsikuaiyu South Street\nChongwen District, Beijing 100061, China\n+86-13911990508 cttayao@china.com\nTT stamps, FDC, postcards, coins, pins,\nphonecards, postal material, tickets etc\nJos Zinkstok      Netherlands\nNeckarstraat 8 NL9406 VN ASSEN\n+31 592 350486 Fax: 0031 592 355861\nj.zinkstok@poveia.nl      www.poveia.nl\nTT cancellations, stamps, vignettes, on real\nused, letters/covers/cards, FDC\nAnton Zwiebel       In Memoriam\n  81\nCollector Directory\nPublished by:   Chuck Hoey     e-mail: ittfmuseum@yahoo.com\nNo part of this journal may be reproduced without prior consent of the publisher\nNew Discoveries, Old Treasures\nby Jorge Arango  (COL)\n‘How to Play Ping Pong’ (Table Tennis) by Torikai Eijiro,\nTokyo. Ogawa Shoeido. 1903.  36pp[2]. 16.7 x 9.3cm.\nJapanese text.\nSeller info:\nTorikai also wrote books on lacrosse, hockey and\nbaseball in 1902.  This is a translation from a book in\nEnglish as there are a list of numbers and expressions\nused with Japanese translations.\nIn Japan, table tennis started becoming popular in\n1902 when Tsuboi Gendo, reportedly the first\ngymnastics instructor in Japan, brought a table tennis\nset back from his stay in England.  No references found\nto this guide anywhere.\nOur friend Jota Ito notes that a booklet entitled ‘Ping\nPong’, by Takuo Ito, was published in November, 1902.\nIt is possible this is a handbook that was included in a\nboxed set, as it has no price details\nPlease help find these books for the Museum !\nAn illustration from the book.  Note the\nperforated wood bat.  There have been a few\nboxed sets found with this type of bat.\nSee page 27 where Jorge shows that this image\nwas adapted from another illustration.\n\n\n根据文章,1902年11月日本出版了一本什么样的乒乓球书籍?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "184ed6a010e64057982ddac9018c6c77", "conversation_index": 632428, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 993, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED NAME_2 STRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND FUND IS Symbol: SVAIX Trade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, , \nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60% \nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73, \nNAME_3 MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS I Symbol: OFVIX Trade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, , \nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19, \nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92, \nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY INCOME FUND CLASS INSTL Symbol: ANGIX Trade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, , \nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07, \nNAME_4 & NAME_5 PREFERRED SEC & INC FUND I Symbol: CPXIX Trade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, , \nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , , \nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93, \nPUTNAM ULTRA SHORT DURATION INCOME FUND CLASS Y Symbol: PSDYX\nTrade date: Oct 21 20, 11.847, 10.099, 119.65, 119.65, 10.060, 119.18, -0.47, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 0.335, 10.000, , 3.35, 10.060, 3.37, 0.02, , \nSecurity total, 12.182, 10.097, 119.65, 123.00, , 122.55, -0.45, 2.90,'\n\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity, the price, and the market value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding:"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "9c114df1e6315f29dd639da3f742dc2c9bcbd5b2992b67e2", "conversation_index": 6036, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5583, "prompt": "Juiced\nJuiced (von engl. ugs. to juice: etwas mit Energie versehen) ist ein 2005 für Windows, Xbox und PlayStation 2 erschienenes Streetracer-Spiel, das vom britischen Studio Juice Games entwickelt und vom amerikanischen Konzern THQ veröffentlicht wurde.\n\nJuiced ist der erste Teil der Juiced-Reihe. Das Spiel war ursprünglich für 2004 geplant, doch durch den Konkurs des ursprünglichen Entwicklers Acclaim Entertainment und den Aufkauf durch THQ verzögerte sich die Fertigstellung.\n\nDas Spiel ist angelehnt an Need for Speed: Underground und vergleichbare Titel. Dementsprechend ist neben dem reinen Fahren von Rennen auch das Tunen von Fahrzeugen von Bedeutung. Der Spieler übernimmt die Rolle eines unbekannten Fahrers in der fiktiven amerikanischen Küstenstadt Angel City. Sein Ziel ist es, bei den acht vorherrschenden Rennteams durch den Aufbau eines eigenen erfolgreichen Rennteams zu Respekt in der örtlichen Straßenrennszene zu gelangen.\n\nDas Spiel beinhaltet ausschließlich lizenzierte Fahrzeuge und Tuning-Teile. Laut Angaben des Entwicklers lassen sich durch Tuning etwa 7,5 Billionen Anpassungsmöglichkeiten realisieren.\n\nDas Spiel wurde gemischt aufgenommen. Von der Webseite Metacritic, die Testberichte auswertet und einen Bewertungsdurchschnitt ermittelt, erhielten die einzelnen Versionen Werte zwischen 63 und 68 von 100 Punkten. Während deutsche Publikationen noch relativ hohe Wertungen vergaben, stuften ausländische Magazine das Spiel schwächer ein. Kritik übten Redakteure an einem zu hohen Schwierigkeitsgrad und einer nicht mehr zeitgemäßen Grafik, während andere den sehr hohen Realismus und die große Fahrzeugvielfalt lobten.\n\nSpielprinzip\n\nAllgemein \nWie für Rennspiele üblich ist der Kernpunkt des Spiels das Fahren von Rennen. Das Spiel gehört dem Genre der Streetracer an. Das bedeutet, dass die Rennen nicht auf klassischen Rennstrecken, sondern auf normalen Verkehrswegen ausgetragen werden.\n\nDem Spieler stehen zahlreiche Wagen zur Verfügung, mit denen er Rennen bestreiten kann. In der Standardausführung sind die Fahrzeuge jedoch selten konkurrenzfähig. Denn ein zentrales Element ist das Fahrzeugtuning. Dem Spieler werden eine Vielzahl von Tuning-Elementen geboten, um das Fahrzeug im Bereich der Leistung oder der Optik deutlich zu verbessern. Ein Beispiel ist die mögliche Verwendung von Nitro, welches dem Wagen einen deutlichen Geschwindigkeitsschub geben kann.\n\nEine Neuheit in diesem Genre ist das Crew-System. Es gibt acht computergesteuerte Teams, die jeweils ein Gebiet mit Rennstrecken kontrollieren. Der Spieler besitzt die Möglichkeit, im Laufe des Spiels ein eigenes Team aufzubauen und damit gegen die anderen anzutreten. In Rennen kann der Spieler das Verhalten seiner Fahrer bis zu einem gewissen Grad durch entsprechende Anweisungen steuern.\n\nEine weitere Besonderheit des Spiels ist das Respektsystem. Im Spiel gibt es eine Statistik, in der fortlaufend das Ansehen des Spielers bei den übrigen Teams dargestellt wird. Respekt wird durch verschiedene Erfolge des Spielers erworben, beispielsweise durch Rennsiege, Wetterfolg oder durch einen großen Fuhrpark. Jedes Team besitzt einen eigenen Schwerpunkt. Durch Respekt schreitet die Karriere des Spielers maßgeblich voran.\n\nRenntypen \nDie Rennen, in Juiced Events genannt, unterteilen sich in unterschiedliche Disziplinen. Sprintevents und Rundkursevents unterscheiden sich nur durch die Art der Strecke; im Ersteren wird ein bestimmter Abschnitt gefahren, im Zweiten eine in sich geschlossene Strecke. Ein Rundkursevent kann zwischen zwei und zwölf Runden andauern. Dragevents wiederum bezeichnen sehr kurze, meist geradlinige Streckenabschnitte. Die besondere Schwierigkeit dieses Modus ist, dass der Spieler gezwungen ist, selbst das Getriebe zu schalten.\n\nAußerdem existieren noch Teamrennen, bei denen die eigene Crew gegen die anderen antritt. Sowohl Rundkursrennen als auch Sprintrennen können als Teamrennen veranstaltet werden. Für den Sieg muss der letzte Wagen des eigenen Teams vor den anderen letzten Wagen eintreffen.\nZudem gibt es noch die sogenannten Duelle. Diese sind Events, bei denen anstatt um Geld, um das Fahrzeug des Gegners gefahren wird. Das heißt, wenn man gewinnt, erhält man den Wagen des Gegners, gegen den man gefahren ist. Umgekehrt verliert man das eigene Auto, wenn man von dem Gegner besiegt wird.\n\nKarriere-Modus \nmini|200px|Der Mitsubishi Eclipse ist das erste Fahrzeug, das der Spieler in der Karriere steuern kann.\nDie Karriere handelt von dem Aufstieg eines Fahrers in der Rennszene der fiktiven Stadt Angel City. Zu Beginn ist der Spieler in dieser Stadt noch unbekannt, wird aber von einem der Anführer der Teams, genannt T.K., zu einem Rennen bei Nacht herausgefordert. Dazu bekommt er einen Wagen von seinem Gegner, einen Mitsubishi Eclipse GSX gestellt. Die beiden Kontrahenten wetten um etwas Geld und fahren anschließend gegeneinander. Nach dem Rennen, es ist egal, ob der Spieler gewinnt oder verliert, wird der Spieler zum Autohändler geschickt und muss sich dort für einen aus drei Kleinwagen entscheiden. Anschließend sucht er sich ein Mobiltelefon und ein Crew-Logo aus. Beim Mobiltelefon ist es egal, welches Modell der Spieler wählt, die einzigen Unterschiede betreffen die Optik. Über das Handy kommuniziert der Spieler mit den Anführern der anderen Teams. Weiterhin erhält der Spieler Zugang zum zentralen Element der Karriere, dem Rennkalender.\n\nDer Kalender ist nach Monaten gegliedert und zeigt anstehende Renn-Events an. Renn-Events werden von den acht Teams ausgerichtet, können aber auch vom Spieler veranstaltet werden. Nicht alle Events sind von Anfang an anwählbar: Der Spieler muss bei der Gruppe, die das Event veranstaltet, mindestens 300 Respektpunkte verdient haben. Zu Beginn der Karriere ist dies nur bei einer Gruppe der Fall.\n\nDas Spielziel ist es, bei allen Gruppen jeweils mehr als 1000 Respektpunkte zu erreichen und die drei Herausforderungen jeder Gruppe zu meistern. Herausforderungen werden auf den normalen Strecken ohne Gegner ausgetragen, dafür gibt es spezielle Ziele zu erfüllen. Zu beachten hierbei ist, dass die Gruppen dem Spieler vorgeben, welches Auto er verwenden darf, es besteht also keine freie Fahrzeugwahl. Wenn der Spieler das vorgegebene Auto nicht besitzt, kann er die Herausforderung nicht annehmen. Die Herausforderungen sind, anders als die normalen Rennevents, unbegrenzt wiederholbar. Es gibt insgesamt drei Arten von Herausforderungen. Jede Gruppe bietet eine Herausforderung jedes Typs an. Bei Rundenzeit-Rennen erhält der Spieler eine vorgegebene Rundenzeit, die er unterbieten muss.\nBei Perfekte Runde-Rennen erhält der Spieler ebenfalls eine vorgegebene Rundenzeit, muss aber zusätzlich darauf achten, nicht die Leitplanke zu berühren. Bei einem Unfall wird das Rennen abgebrochen.\nBei Tempo-Rennen erhält der Spieler eine vorgegebene Mindestgeschwindigkeit. Nach dem Start hat er 10 Sekunden, um diese zu erreichen. Anschließend muss er eine ganze Runde fahren, ohne diese Geschwindigkeit zu unterschreiten. Wird die Geschwindigkeit einmal unterschritten, wird das Event sofort abgebrochen.\n\nRespektsystem \nDie Respektpunkte spiegeln den Ruf des Spielers bei den anderen Teams wider. Der Respekt des Spielers wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst. Einer der entscheidenden Aspekte ist das Rennresultat. In den meisten Fällen muss man ein Rennen als Erst- oder Zweitplatzierter beenden, um Respektpunkte zu gewinnen. Belegt man die letzten beiden Plätze, werden Punkte abgezogen. Bei Team-Rennen wird die Leistung des gesamten Teams des Spielers betrachtet. Außerdem wird das Fahrverhalten bewertet. Beschädigt man gegnerische Autos, sinkt der Respekt beim betroffenen Team. Durch erfolgreiche Wetten erhält man ebenfalls Respekt, die Höhe des Respektbonus hängt von der Höhe des gesetzten Betrags ab. Zuletzt werden die Fahrzeuge des Spielers bewertet. Je teurer ausgestattet und je leistungsfähiger die Wagen sind, desto mehr Respektpunkte gibt es.\n\nAb einer bestimmten Zahl von Respektpunkten erhält man bestimmte Privilegien bei dem jeweiligen Team. Diese sind: Das Zuschauen bei Events, Das Teilnehmen bei Events, das Duellieren mit dem Crew-Anführer und das Veranstalten von Renn-Events. Diese Privilegien müssen bei allen Teams separat erworben werden.\n\nArcade-Modus \nDer Arcade-Modus ist neben der Karriere der zweite zentrale Bereich des Spiels. In diesem Modus ist das Respektsystem deaktiviert, Fortschritt wird in diesem Modus nur durch Rennsiege erzielt. Es gibt 11 unterschiedliche Serien, die aus je fünf Rennen bestehen. Am Anfang ist nur eine Serie freigeschaltet. Durch das Gewinnen von Rennen schaltet man Strecken und Fahrzeuge für freie Rennen frei. Bei drei Siegen in einer Serie wird die nächsthöhere Serie freigeschaltet. Gewinnt man vier Rennen einer Serie, wird das fünfte Event der Serie freigeschaltet. Gewinnt man dieses, so wird eine Bonus-Strecke freigeschaltet.\n\nIm Arcade-Modus werden die Fahrzeuge für jedes Rennen gestellt, es bestehen also keine freie Fahrzeugwahl und keine individuellen Tuning-Möglichkeiten.\n\nGewinnt der Spieler den Karriere-Modus, wird eine zusätzliche Serie freigeschaltet, die sich Extreme Nitro Serie nennt. In dieser besonderen Serie fährt der Spieler dauerhaft mit Nitro, er kann es nicht deaktivieren.\n\nFreie Rennen \nDie Freien Rennen (auch: Angepasste Rennen) können vom Spieler nach seinen Wünschen erstellt und angepasst werden. Der Spieler kann aus den Typen Rundkurs, Sprint, Drag und Solo wählen. Im Solo-Modus kann der Spieler eine Strecke in Ruhe erkunden, Gegner gibt es keine. Bei den Freien Rennen gibt es weder Respektpunkte noch freischaltbare Objekte. Das einzige Ziel ist es, Rennen zu gewinnen (außer im Solo-Modus, da gibt es keine vorgegebenen Ziele). Von Beginn an sind nur wenige Fahrzeuge und Strecken wählbar, nur die, die in der ersten Arcade-Serie vorkommen. Weitere Objekte werden anwählbar, wenn der Spieler Fortschritte im Arcade-Modus erzielt. Wie im Arcade-Modus ist das Tuning-System bei den Freien Rennen nur eingeschränkt verfügbar. Dafür stehen ihm eine erweiterte Zahl an Parametern für die Rennen wie Tageszeit, Wetter oder Gegneranzahl zur Verfügung.\n\nFahrzeugklassen \nDie Wagen im Spiel werden in acht Klassen eingeteilt, die sich nach der PS-Zahl der Fahrzeuge richten. Die angebotenen Rennevents gelten mit Ausnahme der Angeber-Rennen alle nur für eine bestimmte Fahrzeugklasse, wodurch Chancengleichheit hergestellt wird. In den Tuningoptionen gibt es eine Funktion, die sich Feintuning nennt. Mit dieser Funktion ist es möglich, die PS-Zahl eines Fahrzeugs in einem kleinen Bereich zu modifizieren. Dadurch kann der ungewollte Sprung in die nächsthöhere Klasse vermieden werden.\n\nRennteams \nIm Spiel gibt es acht verschiedene Rennteams, die alle ein bestimmtes Gebiet der Stadt kontrollieren. Jedes Team besteht aus vier Fahrern, einer von ihnen ist der Anführer des Teams. In den Rennevents fahren immer die Anführer gegeneinander, nur bei Crew-Rennen fahren auch andere Fahrer eines Teams mit. Im Verlauf der Karriere baut der Spieler sein eigenes Team auf, mit voranschreitendem Erfolg des Spielers rufen ihn Fahrer an, die sich um einen Platz in der Crew bewerben. Bei den Bewerbungen erhält der Spieler lediglich eine Statistik über den Bewerber mit zwei Werten, der Aggressivität und der Fahrzeugbeherrschung. Diese Werte werden durch jede Rennteilnahme kontinuierlich verbessert, der Spieler kann seine Crew also gewissermaßen trainieren.\n\nFahrzeuge \nmini|200px|Der Holden Monaro, eines der leistungsstärkeren Fahrzeuge in Juiced\nJuiced beinhaltet insgesamt 56 lizenzierte Fahrzeuge, die meist Volumenmodelle darstellen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt bei Wagen der Mittelklasse, der Kompaktklasse und bei Coupés. Auch sind einige Muscle-Cars und deren Nachfolger enthalten.\n\nDie Fahrzeuge, die der Spieler in der Karriere erwerben oder im Arcade-Modus freischalten kann, werden stets in ihrer Serienversion ausgeliefert. Modifizierte Fahrzeuge kann der Spieler nicht erwerben.\n\nZu Beginn der Karriere sind lediglich drei Fahrzeuge, der Honda CRX, der VW Beetle und der Peugeot 206, anwählbar. Im weiteren Verlauf der Karriere werden neue Fahrzeuge durch das Erreichen von Rennsiegen freigeschaltet.\n\nIm Arcade-Modus startet der Spieler zunächst mit vier Fahrzeugen. Neue Fahrzeuge werden in diesem Modus freigeschaltet, indem der Spieler durch das Meistern von Renn-Events neue Klassen freischaltet. Pro Klasse können meist fünf Fahrzeuge freigeschaltet werden.\n\nDie folgende Tabelle listet alle Fahrzeuge auf, die in Juiced spielbar sind:\n\nFahrzeugliste\n Acura Integra Type R\n Acura NSX\n Acura RSX Type-S\n Chevrolet Camaro (1993)\n Chevrolet Camaro Z28 (1972)\n Chevrolet Corvette C3\n Chevrolet Corvette Z06\n Dodge Viper GTS\n Dodge Charger R/T (1969)\n Dodge SRT-4\n Dodge Neon R/T\n Fiat Punto 1.8HGT\n Ford Mustang Fastback (1967)\n Ford Mustang (1999)\n Ford Focus SVT\n Ford Focus ZTS\n Ford Falcon XR-8\n Holden Monaro CV8\n Honda Civic Type R\n Honda Civic Si\n Honda CRX\n Honda NSX\n Honda Prelude VT\n Honda S2000\n Mazda MX-5\n Mazda RX-7\n Mazda RX-8\n Mitsubishi Eclipse D30\n Mitsubishi FTO\n Mitsubishi Evo 8 GSR\n Mitsubishi Lancer EVO 5/6\n Mitsubishi 3000GT\n Nissan 350Z\n Nissan Skyline GT-R R34\n Peugeot 206 GTI 2003\n Pontiac Firebird (1998)\n Renault Clio\n Subaru Impreza 22B STi\n Subaru Impreza WRX STi 2002\n Toyota Corolla\n Toyota Celica SS-I\n Toyota Celica SS-II\n Toyota MR-S\n Toyota Supra MKIV\n Vauxhall Corsa Sri 1.8l 16v\n VW Golf 4\n VW Corrado VR6\n VW New Beetle\n\nSynchronisation und Soundtrack \nDie Tonausgabe wurde in mehreren Sprachen synchronisiert. An der englischsprachigen Originalsynchronisation wirkten einige Schauspieler mit, darunter Richard Brake und Martin Sherman.\n\nDer Soundtrack von Juiced umfasst 25 Lieder. Diese gehören zu den Gattungen Techno, Pop und vereinzelt auch zu Rock. Die Anzahl an Künstlern ist hoch, selten wurde von einem Künstler mehr als ein Stück verwendet. Die Lieder werden während der Rennen in zufälliger Reihenfolge abgespielt. In Menüs wird ein separater, durchgängiger Elektronik-Soundtrack verwendet.\n\nDie folgende Tabelle listet alle im Spiel enthaltenen Musikstücke mit Künstler, Titel und Länge auf.\n\nEntwicklungsgeschichte\n\nKonzept \nmini|200px|Need for Speed: Underground 2, ein Hauptkonkurrent von Juiced\nJuiced wurde ursprünglich von Acclaim Entertainment als ein Konkurrenzprodukt zur Rennspieleserie Need for Speed konzipiert. Streetracer-Titel waren zu dem Zeitpunkt vor allem durch die Filmreihe Fast & Furious in Mode gekommen.\n\nJuiced wurde mit einer sehr detaillierten Physik-Engine konzipiert. Berücksichtigt wurden u. a. die antriebsartbedingten Masseschwerpunkte, das Lenkverhalten der Vorlagen und die Aerodynamik. Das Aufrüsten der Fahrzeuge mit Tuning-Teilen wirkt sich spürbar auf das Fahrverhalten aus. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Leistungs-Upgrades, die dem Fahrzeug z. B. eine bessere Beschleunigung geben, sondern auch optische Upgrades wie Schürzen, die das Handling des Fahrzeugs verbessern. Ebenfalls gibt es ein Schadensmodell, bei dem nicht nur die Optik des Fahrzeugs Schäden zeigt wird. Auch das Fahrverhalten und die Leistungsfähigkeit können bei entsprechend schwerer Beschädigung deutlich beeinträchtigt werden.\n\nDie Grafik-Engine des Spiels arbeitet mit einem detaillierten Beleuchtungssystem, wodurch vor allem die Lackeffekte und die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Lackarten betont werden. Dies ist vor allem bei Nachtrennen sichtbar.\n\nFür Juiced wurde das sogenannte DIStress-System (Driver Induced Stress-System) entwickelt. Diese Technik, die zur Steigerung des Realismus dienen soll, simuliert Stresssituationen für die computergesteuerten Fahrer (auch KI-Fahrer), in denen diese eher dazu neigen, Fahrfehler zu machen. Unter Druck gesetzt werden die KI-Fahrer z. B. durch dichtes Auffahren oder durch Abdrängen. In solchen Situationen wird der Spieler durch ein blinkendes Ausrufezeichen über dem Fahrzeug des unter Druck gesetzten Fahrers darauf aufmerksam gemacht. Dadurch wird dem Spieler die Gelegenheit gegeben, entweder den Fahrer noch weiter zu bedrängen, damit dieser einen Fahrfehler begeht, oder auf Distanz zu ihm zu gehen, um nicht selbst in einen Unfall verwickelt zu werden. Wie sehr KI-Fahrer unter Druck Fehler machen, wird durch deren vorgegebenes Profil beeinflusst. Das DiStress-System wurde auch bei den Nachfolgern Juiced: Eliminator und Juiced 2 verwendet.\n\nAcclaim-Insolvenz und Wiederaufnahme durch THQ \nDie Entwicklung erfolgte durch das Entwicklungsstudio Juice Games. Juiced sollte ursprünglich 2004 durch Acclaim Entertainment für PlayStation 2, Xbox und Windows veröffentlicht werden. Da Acclaim aber während der Entwicklung des Spiels in finanzielle Schwierigkeiten geriet und schließlich Insolvenz anmeldete, wurde zur Schuldendeckung das gesamte Firmeninventar, wozu auch der Titel Juiced gehörte versteigert. Dabei ging es allerdings lediglich um die Marke Juiced. Denn das Spiel in seinem aktuellen Zustand gehörte der Firma Fund 4 Games. THQ bekam schließlich die Namensrechte über einen Kauf der Insolvenzmasse von Acclaim zugesprochen. Der Konzern erzielte eine Übereinkunft mit Fund 4 Games und ließ das Spiel von Studio Juice Games weiterentwickeln und verbessern. Allerdings hatten Spielmagazine auf der ganzen Welt hatten bereits Reviews auf Basis praktisch fertiger Versionen des Spiels geschrieben. Auch waren bereits Werbeartikel und einige tausend Kopien des Spiels hergestellt. Diese wurden größtenteils zerstört, ein paar gelangten jedoch in die Hände von Sammlern.\n\nGegen Ende 2004 verkündete THQ, dass das Spiel nicht mehr 2004, sondern erst im nächsten Jahr erscheinen werde. Auf der Spielemesse E3 des Jahres 2005 stellte THQ schließlich den überarbeiteten Titel neben anderen Spielen wie Dawn of War: Winter Assault der Öffentlichkeit vor.\n\nVeröffentlichung \nSchließlich wurde das Spiel am 13. Juni 2005 von THQ in Nordamerika und vier Tage später in Europa veröffentlicht. Die japanische Version folgte im Mai 2006. Zur Bewerbung des Spiels arbeitete THQ in Deutschland mit Toyota zusammen und veranstaltete einen Wettbewerb, der in Filialen der Ketten Media Markt und Saturn ausgetragen wurde. Bei diesem erhielt der Spieler, der während der gesamten Aktion eine Rundenzeit aufstellte, die von keinem der anderen Teilnehmer unterboten werden konnte, einen Toyota Yaris. Eine ähnliche Aktion wurde in Kooperation mit Mazda veranstaltet. Bei dieser wurde nach einigen Wochen ein Mazda RX-8, der dem Fahrzeug auf dem Cover des Spiels nachempfunden ist und bei verschiedenen Motorsportevents zu Werbezwecken genutzt wurde, bei der Gamescom 2005 verlost. Parallel zur Veröffentlichung wurde eine Website zum Spiel gestartet (die aber 2012/13 nach der Insolvenz und Zerschlagung von THQ abgeschaltet wurde).\n\nBei der Bewerbung des Spiels wurde eine Kontroverse durch eine Werbung ausgelöst, in der eine erschrockene Frau von zwei Männern ausgezogen wurde. Die Werbung wurde für die Darstellung von Frauen und für das Darstellen von sexueller Nötigung kritisiert.\n\nRezeption\n\nRezensionen \nAufgrund des ähnlichen Grundkonzepts wird Juiced häufig mit Titeln der Need-for-Speed-Reihe oder mit Midnight Club 3 verglichen, etwa von den Magazinen GamePro oder 4Players. Die Bewertungen variierten zwischen gut und mäßig. Die deutsche Fachpresse nahm den Titel eher positiv auf, während internationale Magazine dem Spiel kritischer gegenüberstanden. Die Webseite Metacritic, die in erster Linie internationale Magazine berücksichtigt, berechnete für die Windows-Version eine gewichtete Durchschnittswertung von 63 von 100 Punkten. Die Konsolenumsetzungen schnitten mit 68 von 100 Punkten etwas besser ab.\n\nDie Tester von GamePro loben die gute Grafik des Spiels. Die Umgebung und besonders Spiegelungs- und Reflexionseffekte wirken realistisch. Allerdings sei der Bildaufbau besonders bei hoher Geschwindigkeit teilweise sehr verschwommen. Für ähnlich gut befinden sie die Gestaltung der Strecken und der Fahrzeuge, die detailliert seien. Ebenfalls positiv werden die zahlreichen innovativen Ideen, z. B. die Wetten und das Respektsystem gesehen. Auch in technischer Hinsicht sei das Spiel überzeugend, etwa bei den Geräuschen der Motoren. Lediglich die Zusammenstellung des Soundtracks sei schwach.\n\nDie drei Autoren Florian Stangl, Martin Deppe und Michael Galuschka vom Magazin PC PowerPlay sahen das Spiel ähnlich positiv, sie vergaben sogar eine Auszeichnung für Langzeitmotivation. Sie lobten die herausragende künstliche Intelligenz, die menschliches Fahrverhalten gut nachahme. Lediglich bei Unfällen wirke sie etwas überfordert. Eine weitere Stärke des Spiels sei das äußerst realistische Fahrverhalten der Fahrzeuge. Es seien große Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Modellen erkennbar. Die Soundeffekte, besonders die Geräusche der Motoren, seien ebenfalls sehr gut, lediglich den Kommentaren der KI-Fahrer fehle es an Abwechslung.\n\nEd Lewis vom Online-Magazin IGN vergab mit 6,5 von 10 Punkten eine deutlich schwächere Wertung für das Spiel. Er lobt zwar die grafische Qualität, die mit führenden Titeln mithalten könne, allerdings besitze das Spiel dafür deutliche Mängel im Konzept. Als zentrale Schwäche sieht er den hohen Schwierigkeitsgrad des Karrieremodus, in dem Spieler sehr schnell ihren hart erarbeiteten Fortschritt wieder verlieren können, etwa durch verlorene Duelle und Wetten. Dies sieht Lewis als schädlich für die Motivation der Spieler an.\n\nDie Autoren von Computer Bild Spiele übten ebenfalls einige Kritik. Die Grafik bewerteten sie als veraltet. Die Strecken seien insgesamt leblos gestaltet und einige Effekte seien zu grell und übertrieben. Weitere Kritik übten sie an der Steuerung, die sich mit Tastatur als schwer und umständlich gestalte. Im Gegenzug lobten sie das große Aufgebot an Fahrzeugen und Tuning-Teilen sowie die ausgewogene Auswahl an Musikstücken. Insgesamt sei das Spiel aber gut gelungen.\n\nAlex Navarro von GameSpot vergibt eine vergleichsweise schlechte Bewertung. Wie Ed Lewis von IGN bewertete er den hohen Anspruch des Karrieremodus als Kernproblem des Spiels. Die Gestaltung der Karriere gestalte sich als sehr frustrierend, da ständig das Risiko bestehe, den erarbeiteten Fortschritt in der Karriere durch wenige Niederlagen wieder zu verlieren. Ebenfalls sei diese zu monoton gestaltet, da es wenig Abwechslung unter den einzelnen Rennen gäbe. Weiterhin kritisiert Navarro das Fahrverhalten einiger Fahrzeuge. Manche Wagen seien kaum zu fahren, während andere unverhältnismäßig dominant seien.\n\nDie Autoren der Zeitschrift PC Games übten Kritik an der optischen Präsentation, die die ursprüngliche Entwicklung von Juiced als Konsolenspiel zeige. Das Streckendesign sei teilweise öde und die Modelle kantig. Das innovative Design des Spiels mit seiner Vielfalt an Möglichkeiten, in der Karriere Fortschritt zu erzielen, gleiche dies jedoch aus, ebenso das realistische Fahrgefühl und die Stärke der KI.\n\nDer Autor Mathias Oertel vom deutschen Spielemagazin 4Players vermisste eine frei befahrbare Stadt, wie es sie bei Need for Speed: Underground 2 gibt sowie einen vergleichbaren Umfang beim optischen Tuning. Diese Kritikpunkte werden jedoch durch die interessanten Karriere-Optionen mehr als ausgeglichen. Besonders das Crew-Management sei eine Innovation im Rennspiel-Genre. Moniert werden jedoch vereinzelte Grafikprobleme, vor allem Ruckler und eine grobe Auflösung der Videos im Spiel.\n\nVerkaufszahlen \nBei Veröffentlichung erreichte der Titel den ersten Platz in den Verkaufscharts von Großbritannien, vor der bisherigen Nummer Eins Medal of Honor: European Assault.\nNach Angaben des Publishers THQ wurden von Juiced über anderthalb Millionen Kopien verkauft. Im Frühjahr 2006 wurde das Spiel vom britischen Publisher Focus Multimedia als Teil seiner Essential-Reihe für Windows neu aufgelegt.\n\nNachfolger\n\nJuiced: Eliminator \n\nAufgrund des Verkaufserfolgs von Juiced übernahm THQ kurze Zeit später das verantwortliche Studio Juice Games. Dabei wurde mit Juiced: Eliminator bereits eine Fortführung geplant. Dieses Spiel stellt im Wesentlichen eine Portierung von Juiced für die PSP dar. Neu hinzugefügt wurden lediglich wenige Fahrzeuge und Strecken.\n\nAufgrund der geringen Unterschiede zu Juiced schnitt die Portierung auch ähnlich bei Tests ab. Metacritic errechnete eine Metawertung von 65 von 100 Punkten. Kritiker bemängelten in erster Linie, dass die Spielumgebungen zu eintönig gestaltet seien und das Spiel dadurch im Vergleich zur Konkurrenz abfalle.\n\nJuiced 2: Hot Import Nights \n\nAls erster eigenständiger Nachfolger wurde im Jahr 2007 Juiced 2: Hot Import Nights veröffentlicht. Dieser Titel übernahm das Konzept der Straßenrennen mit getunten Fahrzeugen, grenzt sich aber ansonsten von den Vorgängern ab. Es besitzt ein deutlich größeres Angebot an Fahrzeugen und Tuning-Optionen, besitzt dafür aber eine eher actionorientierte Fahrphysik und einen deutlich anderen Karriereaufbau.\n\nFür Juiced 2 wurden leicht höhere Metawertungen als für den Vorgänger errechnet. Allerdings fiel die Rezeption durch deutschsprachige Magazine tendenziell schwächer aus. Kritiker bemängelten, dass die Steuerung zu umständlich und das Fahrverhalten der Fahrzeuge an Realismus eingebüßt habe.\n\nWeblinks \n \n \n \n Exklusives Special als PDF, Juni 2005\n\nEinzelnachweise \n\nKategorie:Computerspiel 2005\nKategorie:PlayStation-2-Spiel\nKategorie:Xbox-Spiel\nKategorie:Windows-Spiel\nKategorie:Rennspiel\n\nWhat reception and review scores did Juiced receive from gaming publications?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "99bd80efd3ef455d8ea98806ee086013", "conversation_index": 349056, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1028, "prompt": "You have log line in format like \n```\n{\"_tag\":[\"prod\"],\"_account\":\"521d8cd6fa\",\"_cluster\":\"NAME_1\",\"_host\":\"apify-api-55b85b5c88-7h5wc\",\"_ingester\":\"logdna-agent/3.8.2 (Bottlerocket/1.13.3)\",\"_label\":{\"app_kubernetes_io/name\":\"apify-api\",\"pod-template-hash\":\"55b85b5c88\",\"app_kubernetes_io/instance\":\"apify-api\"},\"_logtype\":\"json\",\"_file\":\"/var/log/containers/apify-api-55b85b5c88-7h5wc_apify-main_apify-api-0da7f7e12b2de45835f15e66d81640b7b3bc5299548cdc4f6e6c515e18de3d05.log\",\"_line\":\"{\\\"time\\\":\\\"2023-05-30T11:43:57.800Z\\\",\\\"level\\\":\\\"SOFT_FAIL\\\",\\\"msg\\\":\\\"The underlying storage is not up to date. Please try again later\\\",\\\"rt\\\":\\\"requestQueues.requests\\\",\\\"mth\\\":\\\"POST\\\",\\\"ip\\\":\\\"10.0.91.237\\\",\\\"ct\\\":\\\"application/json\\\",\\\"cl\\\":\\\"262\\\",\\\"prm\\\":{\\\"queueId\\\":\\\"oAjRkseoNo9O3K8Fg\\\"},\\\"tkn\\\":0,\\\"uid\\\":\\\"Z9JpDf74uHecET97E\\\",\\\"iUid\\\":\\\"Z9JpDf74uHecET97E\\\",\\\"runId\\\":\\\"BHqk0QfopcCpK12Ag\\\",\\\"dur\\\":44,\\\"q\\\":{\\\"forefront\\\":\\\"0\\\",\\\"clientKey\\\":\\\"fK9lZlgyauWVqmUVZ\\\"},\\\"type\\\":\\\"internal-server-error\\\"}\",\"_rawline\":null,\"_ts\":1685447037800,\"_app\":\"apify-api\",\"_NAME_2\":{\"Image Name\":\"031263542130.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/apify-api\",\"Tag\":\"428298b2be\"},\"_ip\":\"10.11.25.250\",\"__key\":\"logline:521d8cd6fa:apify-api:apify-api-55b85b5c88-7h5wc:NAME_1\",\"pod\":\"apify-api-55b85b5c88-7h5wc\",\"namespace\":\"apify-main\",\"container\":\"apify-api\",\"containerid\":\"0da7f7e12b2de45835f15e66d81640b7b3bc5299548cdc4f6e6c515e18de3d05\",\"node\":\"logdna-agent-2mdr9\\n\",\"_bid\":\"0e5cf5d3-59a7-4990-ae9b-e8645e91832a:60061:NAME_1\",\"time\":\"2023-05-30T11:43:57.800Z\",\"level\":\"SOFT_FAIL\",\"msg\":\"The underlying storage is not up to date. Please try again later\",\"rt\":\"requestQueues.requests\",\"mth\":\"POST\",\"ip\":\"10.0.91.237\",\"ct\":\"application/json\",\"cl\":\"262\",\"tkn\":0,\"uid\":\"Z9JpDf74uHecET97E\",\"iUid\":\"Z9JpDf74uHecET97E\",\"runId\":\"BHqk0QfopcCpK12Ag\",\"dur\":44,\"type\":\"internal-server-error\",\"_mezmo_line_size\":1149,\"_id\":\"1616682052580474916\",\"prm\":{\"queueId\":\"oAjRkseoNo9O3K8Fg\"},\"q\":{\"forefront\":\"0\",\"clientKey\":\"fK9lZlgyauWVqmUVZ\"}}\n{\"_tag\":[\"prod\"],\"_account\":\"521d8cd6fa\",\"_cluster\":\"NAME_1\",\"_host\":\"apify-api-55b85b5c88-jhplw\",\"_ingester\":\"logdna-agent/3.8.2 (Bottlerocket/1.13.3)\",\"_label\":{\"app_kubernetes_io/instance\":\"apify-api\",\"app_kubernetes_io/name\":\"apify-api\",\"pod-template-hash\":\"55b85b5c88\"},\"_logtype\":\"json\",\"_file\":\"/var/log/containers/apify-api-55b85b5c88-jhplw_apify-main_apify-api-758eeabcc6c495729c1a49d92a0d52b2f4656a19f703ea2a74072aa0197d92c6.log\",\"_line\":\"{\\\"time\\\":\\\"2023-05-30T11:19:48.617Z\\\",\\\"level\\\":\\\"SOFT_FAIL\\\",\\\"msg\\\":\\\"The underlying storage is not up to date. P"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "dc805e3be683450ea1bb7772c7b4647a", "conversation_index": 846672, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 903, "prompt": "Please rate the following resume based on the following criteria.\n“scores of programme name” (S1), maximum 15% + “scores of year of study” (S2), maximum 15% = “scores of Education” (S3), maximum 30%\nFor “scores of programme name” (S1), if candidate studying in Computer Science/ Business Analytics/ Information System would get 15% score. For the programme that are not related, you need to analyze the similarity between the programme and Computer Science/ Business Analytics/ Information System and rate from 0 to 14. Please refer to my examples below. \nThen, for “the scores of years of study” (S2), there are two steps you need to do. First, you need to see if they have graduated - “end year of study” (S2a) is equal or less than 2023. If yes, please rate 0% “scores of years of study”. If not, please see their “Start Year” (S2b) and score the according to the instruction below.\n2019 or less – 0 score\n2020 – 15 scores\n2021 – 10 scores\n2022 – 5 scores\n2023 or more – 0 score\nThen, you need to see if they have graduated (“end year of study” (S2a) is equal or less than 2023). If yes, please rate 0% “scores of years of study even if they have scores in S2b.\nIn addition, please follow the rule (R1) – “If S1 = 0, S3 = 0. If S2 = 0, S3 = 0. If S1 > 0 & S2 > 0, S3 = S1 + S2”\nHere are the examples, output format: “scores of programme name” (S1) + “scores of years of study” (S2) = “scores of Education” (S3)\nExample 1: Bachelor’s in social science, 2020 (S2b) – 2024 (S2a): 5 + 15 = 20\nBachelor’s in social science: 5 scores for S1; S2a > 2023, S2b = 2020 so 15 scores for S2\nExample 2: Bachelor’s in Finance Technology, 2021 (S2b) – 2026 (S2a): 14 + 10 = 24\nBachelor’s in Finance Technology: 14 scores for S1; S2a > 2023, S2b = 2021 so 10 scores for S2\nExample 3: Bachelor’s in Chinese History, 2020 (S2b) – 2025 (S2a): 0 + 15 = 0\nBachelor’s in Chinese History: 0 scores for S1; S2a > 2023, S2b = 2020 so 15 scores for S2, but according to R1, S1 = 0 so S3 = 0\nExample 4: Bachelor’s in Human Resources, 2021 (S2b) – 2023 (S2a): 4 + 0 = 0\nBachelor’s in Human Resources, 4 scores for S1; S2a = 2023 so S2 = 0, but according to R1, S2 = 0 so S3 = 0\nExample 5: Bachelor’s in Finance and Economics, 2018 (S2b) – 2022 (S2a): 10 + 0 = 0\nBachelor’s in Finance and Economics, 10 scores for S1; S2a < 2023, so S2 = 0, but according to R1, S2 = 0 so S3 = 0\nExample 6: Bachelor’s in Computer Science, 2019 (S2b) – 2023 (S2a): 15 + 0 = 0\nBachelor’s in Computer Science, 15 scores for S1, S2a = 2023, so S2 = 0, but according to R1, S2 = 0 so S3 = 0\nExample 7: Bachel"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "f3d5e13ebe624347933bb91ed443dce1", "conversation_index": 651426, "turn_index": 8, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1027, "prompt": "на приведенных выше примерах попрбуй сам:\n\n// local variable allocation has failed, the output may be wrong!\nvoid __fastcall Oxide_FPHitscan__DoHitscan(Oxide_FPHitscan_o *this, UnityEngine_Camera_o *camera, const MethodInfo *method)\n{\n  Oxide_FPHitscan_o *v3; // r8\n  UnityEngine_Camera_o *v4; // r11\n  struct UnityEngine_Vector2_StaticFields *v5; // r0\n  UnityEngine_NAME_1_o *v6; // r0\n  struct Oxide_PlayerEventHandler_o *v7; // r4\n  struct Oxide_Activity_o *v8; // r4\n  signed int v9; // r1\n  float v10; // s16\n  UnityEngine_Transform_o *v11; // r5\n  float v12; // r4\n  float v13; // r0\n  int v14; // r2\n  float v15; // r4\n  float v16; // r5\n  float v17; // r6\n  float v18; // r7\n  UnityEngine_Quaternion_o *v19; // r1\n  UnityEngine_Vector3_o v20; // ST04_12\n  UnityEngine_Vector3_o v21; // ST08_12\n  const MethodInfo *v22; // ST14_4\n  UnityEngine_LayerMask_o v23; // r0\n  __int64 v24; // kr00_8\n  __int64 v25; // r6\n  float v26; // r4\n  UnityEngine_Transform_o *v27; // ST10_4\n  Oxide_GameController_c *v28; // r0\n  UnityEngine_Object_o *v29; // r4\n  Oxide_GameController_c *v32; // r0\n  Oxide_SurfaceDatabase_o *v33; // r5\n  float v34; // r1 OVERLAPPED\n  float v35; // r2 OVERLAPPED\n  float v36; // r3 OVERLAPPED\n  float v37; // ST08_4\n  float v38; // ST00_4\n  float v39; // ST04_4\n  uint32_t v40; // ST0C_4\n  float v41; // ST10_4\n  float v42; // ST14_4\n  float v43; // ST18_4\n  int32_t v44; // ST1C_4\n  int v45; // r3 OVERLAPPED\n  unsigned int v46; // r5\n  Oxide_GameController_c *v47; // r0\n  struct Oxide_GameController_StaticFields *v48; // r0\n  struct Oxide_SurfaceDatabase_o *v49; // r4\n  struct Oxide_SurfaceData_array *v50; // r4\n  Oxide_SurfaceData_o **v51; // r0\n  Oxide_SurfaceData_o *v52; // r9\n  int v53; // r2\n  UnityEngine_RaycastHit_o *v54; // r1\n  float v55; // s18\n  float v56; // s20\n  float v57; // s22\n  MethodInfo *v58; // ST20_4\n  float v59; // s24\n  float v60; // s26\n  float v61; // s28\n  MethodInfo *v62; // ST20_4\n  float v63; // s22\n  float v64; // r8\n  float v65; // s20\n  float v66; // r11\n  float v67; // s18\n  float v68; // r10\n  const MethodInfo *v69; // ST1C_4\n  UnityEngine_Component_o *v70; // r0\n  UnityEngine_Transform_o *v71; // r0\n  UnityEngine_Quaternion_o v72; // ST00_16\n  int v73; // r2\n  UnityEngine_RaycastHit_o *v74; // r1\n  PlayerWeapon_o *v75; // r8\n  float v76; // s18\n  float v77; // s20\n  float v78; // s22\n  MethodInfo *v79; // ST20_4\n  float v80; // s24\n  float v81; // s26\n  float v82; // s28\n  MethodInfo *v83; // ST20_4\n  UnityEngine_Quaternion_o *v84; // r0\n  UnityEngine_Quaternion_o v85; // ST00_1"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "59e54697e4ed49e28463fcd01184d1f0", "conversation_index": 405351, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1016, "prompt": "8\t7\t5\t6\t0\n7\t0\t7\t7\t8\n9\t7\t7\t1\t5\n1\t0\t9\t5\t7\n3\t8\t4\t2\t5\n6\t6\t8\t2\t6\n4\t6\t4\t6\t9\n1\t8\t8\t2\t2\n9\t7\t8\t5\t2\n8\t2\t2\t5\t7\n9\t8\t2\t1\t2\n2\t1\t1\t1\t3\n8\t1\t2\t0\t4\n4\t4\t0\t0\t2\n6\t6\t2\t4\t0\n5\t1\t6\t6\t4\n4\t3\t6\t6\t7\n4\t3\t0\t1\t2\n3\t8\t3\t9\t4\n7\t0\t9\t6\t3\n9\t2\t6\t1\t6\n6\t7\t4\t0\t4\n0\t1\t3\t3\t5\n3\t3\t6\t3\t0\n8\t3\t0\t4\t7\n0\t6\t1\t3\t2\n6\t1\t4\t4\t0\n9\t8\t4\t4\t8\n0\t5\t3\t3\t1\n8\t7\t2\t1\t5\n0\t8\t9\t6\t6\n8\t9\t0\t4\t9\n9\t3\t7\t0\t1\n5\t4\t2\t0\t1\n5\t0\t3\t8\t4\n2\t0\t4\t9\t4\n6\t8\t2\t2\t3\n4\t7\t6\t4\t3\n4\t7\t4\t6\t2\n1\t1\t6\t1\t9\n2\t0\t1\t8\t1\n1\t3\t5\t9\t7\n1\t5\t1\t8\t6\n7\t6\t2\t6\t6\n8\t4\t3\t4\t7\n1\t1\t5\t2\t8\n0\t4\t3\t3\t0\n0\t9\t3\t0\t9\n5\t9\t8\t5\t7\n4\t2\t8\t2\t2\n0\t4\t7\t5\t4\n9\t2\t2\t8\t4\n3\t0\t1\t3\t3\n2\t5\t2\t4\t4\n1\t7\t6\t0\t6\n0\t4\t4\t9\t1\n5\t8\t8\t1\t0\n6\t8\t1\t8\t8\n8\t5\t7\t8\t9\n3\t1\t1\t3\t0\n3\t0\t6\t5\t0\n8\t2\t9\t3\t0\n6\t2\t3\t1\t3\n6\t0\t8\t0\t3\n6\t5\t0\t2\t3\n2\t3\t2\t5\t6\n5\t7\t0\t4\t8\n9\t8\t0\t0\t9\n1\t6\t4\t9\t1\n1\t8\t3\t2\t1\n6\t0\t2\t0\t5\n6\t3\t4\t0\t6\n7\t4\t7\t1\t5\n9\t9\t3\t8\t0\n3\t0\t4\t8\t5\n6\t0\t9\t4\t5\n1\t7\t2\t4\t2\n7\t6\t9\t7\t9\n7\t1\t1\t2\t1\n0\t8\t9\t0\t2\n2\t8\t2\t7\t7\n4\t7\t5\t1\t9\n1\t4\t1\t6\t9\n7\t2\t5\t6\t7\n2\t0\t1\t3\t0\n1\t2\t6\t6\t8\n4\t2\t5\t8\t7\n1\t0\t1\t1\t8\n0\t9\t3\t6\t9\n5\t7\t3\t7\t3\n3\t2\t0\t4\t0\n9\t3\t4\t9\t4\n9\t1\t6\t5\t4\n4\t0\t9\t3\t6\n9\t4\t4\t9\t8\n8\t6\t6\t5\t6\n0\t6\t4\t3\t3\n0\t8\t9\t9\t0\n9\t9\t4\t5\t6\n8\t0\t7\t1\t3\n3\t8\t9\t8\t6\ncan you see the pattern?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "89addc2a17e84ccc8ca7ffbc53c39da2", "conversation_index": 142057, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1338, "prompt": "You will find below a table with a list of companies in my equity investment portfolio and various financial indicators. Suggest a list of 5 stocks I should keep and invest on, giving a detailed justification.\nTable:\nEquity P/E (TTM) Price to cash flow (TTM) Price to sales (TTM) Price to book (MRQ) Revenue Growth (5 Year) Revenue (YOY) Return on Equity Return on Equity (5 Year Average) Return on Investment EBITDA Margin (TTM) Annual Div Yield (ADY) Total Debt to Capital EPS Growth Rate (5 Year) Net Income (YOY)\nArkema SA 9.03 4.56 0.5917 0.9005 6.77% 21.34% 10.68% 13.44% 6.95% 16.52 3.85% 0.33 12.38% -26.60\nBeneteau SA 11.96 7.62 0.8224 1.70 -- 22.89% 15.44% -- 14.07% 14.19 2.80% 0.37 -- 40.48\nCapgemini SE 19.28 12.94 1.34 3.02 11.92% 21.12% 17.01% 13.52% 8.90% 14.90 1.92% 0.44 13.05% 33.71\nCatana Group SA 12.16 8.79 1.24 3.44 28.16% 45.99% 29.90% 27.18% 24.72% 17.47 2.15% 0.31 54.39% 12.53\nNAME_1 SE 24.18 6.89 1.77 7.36 12.64% 23.31% 33.69% 26.88% 28.75% 33.68 1.54% 0.34 20.78% 17.21\nCompagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA 9.45 4.76 0.6584 1.10 5.42% 20.15% 12.47% 11.72% 7.73% 17.75 4.74% 0.32 3.62% 8.81\nDerichebourg SA 4.31 2.23 0.1761 0.8702 14.08% 45.89% 21.93% 18.91% 10.23% 9.80 6.37% 0.50 26.24% 36.55\nEramet SA 2.70 2.00 0.478 1.34 7.28% 36.70% 64.16% 20.41% 23.40% 30.93 4.20% 0.47 34.43% 23.76\nEuronext NV 16.79 14.57 4.70 1.65 21.66% 9.25% 10.05% 18.38% 5.32% 52.88 3.62% 0.43 5.38% 5.92\nJacquet Metals SA 2.54 1.92 0.1514 0.5661 9.04% 36.24% 25.05% 18.60% 12.11% 10.59 5.66% 0.42 32.03% 48.65\nKering SA 16.31 11.01 2.91 4.17 13.48% 15.33% 26.42% 23.55% 15.94% 35.65 2.93% 0.45 16.38% 14.14\nLVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE 29.45 20.35 5.23 7.50 13.18% 23.31% 27.55% 22.69% 14.96% 33.62 1.45% 0.38 21.37% 17.02\nNhoa SA -- -- 0.5779 1.64 75.31% 448.48% -50.01% -78.74% -49.36% -20.97 -- 0.55 -- -41.76\nRubis SCA 8.48 5.08 0.3133 0.8151 12.65% 55.46% 9.83% 10.18% 6.26% 9.49 8.86% 0.45 -2.11% -10.14\nStellantis NV 3.07 2.20 0.2852 0.7079 11.18% 20.19% 26.27% 20.22% 14.65% 16.93 8.27% 0.27 20.36% 27.17\nSTMicroelectronics NV 10.06 7.44 2.69 3.21 14.08% 26.39% 37.66% 21.06% 29.21% 38.63 0.50% 0.16 81.45% 152.66\nTotalEnergies SE 6.82 4.03 0.5396 1.18 12.05% 42.61% 17.95% 9.00% 11.05% 23.96 7.06% 0.34 18.65% 28.93\nUbisoft Entertainment SA -- 4.03 1.68 2.05 0.93% -14.63% -30.08% -4.91% -13.36% 41.98 -- 0.62 -- -724.78"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d0a02fc609234031b79eac8f48a9287f", "conversation_index": 368236, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 936, "prompt": "I want you to make a regex pattern to match every value of each item in the data I will give you. The data: </tr><tr class=\"text10pxfet\">\n\t\t<td colspan=\"11\">Öl, Ale, Amber ale</td>\n\t</tr><tr class=\"text10pxBlue\">\n\t\t<td><a href=\"https://varusok.systembolaget.se/templates/ResultatUtanKriterier.aspx?VarugruppId=592&amp;Soktyp=Avanceradsok&amp;PageSize=500&amp;CurrentPage=1&amp;Producent=&amp;Ursprung=&amp;PrisFran=0&amp;PrisTill=99999&amp;SortimentOrdinarie=False&amp;SortimentTillfalligt=True&amp;SortimentBestallning=False&amp;SortimentPrivatimport=False&amp;Urval=EndastKommandeSortiment&amp;Argang=&amp;SmakVarutyp=0&amp;Druvinnehall=IngetVarde&amp;Druva=-1&amp;Fatkaraktar=InteViktig&amp;Forpackning=0&amp;Emballage=0&amp;PassarTill1=0&amp;PassarTill2=0&amp;PassarTill3=0&amp;Notering=&amp;AntalILager=0&amp;Lan=0&amp;ButikOmbud=&amp;butikIId=0&amp;valtLan=0&amp;SortBy=Varunr&amp;SortAsc=True\">VaruNr</a></td><td><a href=\"https://varusok.systembolaget.se/templates/ResultatUtanKriterier.aspx?VarugruppId=592&amp;Soktyp=Avanceradsok&amp;PageSize=500&amp;CurrentPage=1&amp;Producent=&amp;Ursprung=&amp;PrisFran=0&amp;PrisTill=99999&amp;SortimentOrdinarie=False&amp;SortimentTillfalligt=True&amp;SortimentBestallning=False&amp;SortimentPrivatimport=False&amp;Urval=EndastKommandeSortiment&amp;Argang=&amp;SmakVarutyp=0&amp;Druvinnehall=IngetVarde&amp;Druva=-1&amp;Fatkaraktar=InteViktig&amp;Forpackning=0&amp;Emballage=0&amp;PassarTill1=0&amp;PassarTill2=0&amp;PassarTill3=0&amp;Notering=&amp;AntalILager=0&amp;Lan=0&amp;ButikOmbud=&amp;butikIId=0&amp;valtLan=0&amp;SortBy=Namn&amp;SortAsc=True\">Varunamn</a></td><td><a href=\"https://varusok.systembolaget.se/templates/ResultatUtanKriterier.aspx?VarugruppId=592&amp;Soktyp=Avanceradsok&amp;PageSize=500&amp;CurrentPage=1&amp;Producent=&amp;Ursprung=&amp;PrisFran=0&amp;PrisTill=99999&amp;SortimentOrdinarie=False&amp;SortimentTillfalligt=True&amp;SortimentBestallning=False&amp;SortimentPrivatimport=False&amp;Urval=EndastKommandeSortiment&amp;Argang=&amp;SmakVarutyp=0&amp;Druvinnehall=IngetVarde&amp;Druva=-1&amp;Fatkaraktar=InteViktig&amp;Forpackning=0&amp;Emballage=0&amp;PassarTill1=0&amp;PassarTill2=0&amp;PassarTill3=0&amp;Notering=&amp;AntalILager=0&amp;Lan=0&amp;ButikOmbud=&amp;butikIId=0&amp;valtLan=0&amp;SortBy=Status&amp;SortAsc=True\">Status</a></td><td><a href=\"https://varusok.systembolaget.se/templates/ResultatUtanKriterier.aspx?VarugruppId=592&amp;Soktyp=Avanceradsok&amp;PageSize=500&amp;CurrentPage=1&amp;Producent=&amp;Ursprung=&amp;PrisFran=0&amp;PrisTill=99999&amp;SortimentOrdinari"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ee22fefca26b463ca3d06df735879db3", "conversation_index": 497270, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 921, "prompt": "what are some problems and bugs with the following code? \"\"import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from astropy import constants as const from astropy import units as u from astroquery.simbad import Simbad from astroML.plotting import scatter_contour\n\nDefine classes for Vec2 and Particle similar to the previous program Define class for binary system (combining Hellion and Sarnan) class BinarySystem: def init(self, hellion_data, sarnan_data, orbital_data): # Initialize the binary system using the provided data # Set up the stars (Hellion and Sarnan) with their properties # Set up the orbital parameters (semi-major axis, eccentricity, etc.) pass\n\nCheck the units of the input data for key, value in orbital_data.items(): if not isinstance(value, u.Quantity): raise ValueError(f'The value {key} must be a Quantity.')\n\n... (rest of the class methods)\nMain code to create the binary system and perform simulations def main(): # Data for Hellion hellion_data = { 'Age': 5.2e9 * u.year, 'Radius': 699226.7 * u.km, 'Hydrogen Abundance': 71.2 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Helium Abundance': 8.3 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Metallicity': 0.38 * 1e-2, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Mass': 2.148228e30 * u.kg, 'Density': 1.6736e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Volume': 1.31316e30 * u.km3, 'Average Density': 1.634e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Total Binding Energy (U1)': 2.3096e36 * u.joule, 'Central Density (Hellion)': 1500.1605932993 * u.kg / u.m3, 'Density at r = 500,000 km': 4.633 * u.kg / u.km**3, 'Composition': { 'Hydrogen (H)': 71.2 * 0.01, 'Helium (He)': 8.3 * 0.01, 'Carbon (C)': 5.2 * 0.01, 'Nitrogen (N)': 2.4 * 0.01, 'Oxygen (O)': 0.77 * 0.01, 'Silicon (Si)': 6 * 0.01, 'Iron (Fe)': 0.16 * 0.01, 'Sulfur (S)': 0.04 * 0.01, 'NAME_1 (B)': 2.9 * 0.01, 'Sodium (Na)': 1.5 * 0.01, 'Magnesium (Mg)': 4.8 * 0.01 * 0.98, # Reduced by 2% from its previous value } }\n\nData for Sarnan\nsarnan_data = { 'Age': 5.2e9 * u.year, 'Radius': 699496.94 * u.km, 'Hydrogen Abundance': 73.1 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Helium Abundance': 8.0 * 0.01, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Metallicity': 0.4 * 1e-2, # Convert from percentage to fraction 'Mass': 2.14751e30 * u.kg, 'Density': 1.6730e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Volume': 1.31377e30 * u.km3, 'Average Density': 1.634e9 * u.kg / u.km3, 'Total Binding Energy (U2)': 2.3101e36 * u.joule, 'Central Density (Sarnan)': 1497.921756058127 * u.kg / u.m3, 'Composition': { 'Hydrogen (H)': 73.1 * 0.01, 'Helium (He)': 8.0 * 0.01, 'Carbon (C)': 5.2 * 0.01, 'Nitrogen (N)': 2.4 *"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6da0075007e9468cabd616a691277d42", "conversation_index": 264326, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 919, "prompt": "Суммаризируй статью в формате тезисов. Каждый тезис должен начинаться с новой строки и символа \"—\" и иметь длину не более 120 символов. Общее количество тезисов не должно быть больше 8. Суммаризация должна передавать основные мысли статьи и быть лаконичной.\n\n10:06 10.10.2022 (обновлено: 15:53 10.10.2022) https://ria.ru/20221010/ukraina-1822711298.html В Ивано-Франковске прогремели взрывы В Ивано-Франковске прогремели взрывы - РИА Новости, 10.10.2022 В Ивано-Франковске прогремели взрывы Украинские СМИ сообщают о взрывах в Ивано-Франковске на западе страны. РИА Новости, 10.10.2022 2022-10-10T10:06 2022-10-10T10:06 2022-10-10T15:53 в мире ивано-франковск украина специальная военная операция на украине /html/head/meta@name='og:title'/@content /html/head/meta@name='og:description'/@content https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/07e5/04/0f/1728483522_0:100:1920:1180_1920x0_80_0_0_67ff24daf414e14ecfa6f947931f5ee7.jpg МОСКВА, 10 окт - РИА Новости. Украинские СМИ сообщают о взрывах в Ивано-Франковске на западе страны.\"Сообщают о взрывах в Ивано-Франковске\", - говорится в Telegram-канале издания Страна.ua.Ранее Владимир Зеленский заявил, что воздушная тревога не затихает по всей Украине, есть попадания ракет. Украинские СМИ, власти и очевидцы сообщают о взрывах в Киеве, Житомирской и Киевской областях, Харькове, Днепропетровске, Львове. В Киеве остановили движение поездов по красной ветке метро, все подземные станции будут работать как укрытия, сообщила пресс-служба Киевского горсовета. ивано-франковск украина РИА Новости internet-group@rian.ru 7 495 645-6601 ФГУП МИА «Россия сегодня» https://xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/awards/ 2022 Новости ru-RU https://ria.ru/docs/about/copyright.html https://xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/ РИА Новости internet-group@rian.ru 7 495 645-6601 ФГУП МИА «Россия сегодня» https://xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/awards/ https://cdnn21.img.ria.ru/images/07e5/04/0f/1728483522_107:0:1814:1280_1920x0_80_0_0_23e750b27c3ce8cccce0c7d9f5f6ea52.jpg РИА Новости internet-group@rian.ru 7 495 645-6601 ФГУП МИА «Россия сегодня» https://xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/awards/ в мире, ивано-франковск, украина В мире, Ивано-Франковск, Украина, Специальная военная операция на Украине В Ивано-Франковске прогремели взрывы МОСКВА, 10 окт - РИА Новости. Украинские СМИ сообщают о взрывах в Ивано-Франковске на западе страны. \"Сообщают о взрывах в Ивано-Франковске\", - говорится в Telegram-канале издания Страна.ua. Ранее Владимир Зеленский заявил, что воздушная тревога не затихает по всей Украине, есть попадания ракет. У"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "3ff88ce71f195254152de7e95056d5b2b991ab390364a74d", "conversation_index": 2769, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5958, "prompt": "// language: Java\n/*\n * $Id$\n */\n\npackage org.lockss.jetty;\n\nimport java.io.*;\nimport java.util.*;\n\nimport org.apache.commons.logging.Log;\nimport org.mortbay.http.*;\nimport org.mortbay.http.handler.*;\nimport org.mortbay.log.LogFactory;\nimport org.mortbay.util.*;\n\nimport com.sun.jimi.core.*;\nimport com.sun.jimi.core.raster.JimiRasterImage;\n\nimport org.lockss.app.LockssDaemon;\nimport org.lockss.config.CurrentConfig;\nimport org.lockss.plugin.CachedUrl;\nimport org.lockss.proxy.ProxyManager;\nimport org.lockss.util.*;\nimport org.lockss.util.StringUtil;\npublic class LockssResourceHandler extends AbstractHttpHandler {\n    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ResourceHandler.class);\n\n    /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */\n    private LockssDaemon theDaemon = null;\n    private ProxyManager proxyMgr = null;\n    private boolean _acceptRanges=true;\n    private boolean _redirectWelcomeFiles ;\n    private String _redirectRootTo ;\n    private String[] _methods=null;\n    private String _allowed;\n    private boolean _dirAllowed=true;\n    private int _minGzipLength =-1;\n    private StringMap _methodMap = new StringMap();\n    {\n        setAllowedMethods(new String[]\n            {\n                HttpRequest.__GET,\n                HttpRequest.__MOVE,\n                HttpRequest.__POST,\n                HttpRequest.__HEAD,\n                HttpRequest.__OPTIONS,\n                HttpRequest.__TRACE\n            });\n    }\n\n    /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */\npublic LockssResourceHandler(LockssDaemon daemon)\n    {\n      theDaemon = daemon;\n      proxyMgr = theDaemon.getProxyManager();\n    }\n\n\n    /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */\n    public synchronized void start()\n        throws Exception\n    {\n        super.start();\n    }\n\n    /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */\n    public void stop()\n        throws InterruptedException\n    {\n        super.stop();\n    }\n\n    public void setRedirectRootTo(String target) {\n      _redirectRootTo = target;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public String[] getAllowedMethods()\n    {\n        return _methods;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public void setAllowedMethods(String[] methods)\n    {\n        StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();\n        _methods=methods;\n        _methodMap.clear();\n        for (int i=0;i<methods.length;i++)\n        {\n            _methodMap.put(methods[i],methods[i]);\n            if (i>0)\n                b.append(',');\n            b.append(methods[i]);\n        }\n        _allowed=b.toString();\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public boolean isMethodAllowed(String method)\n    {\n        return _methodMap.get(method)!=null;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public String getAllowedString()\n    {\n        return _allowed;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public boolean isDirAllowed()\n    {\n        return _dirAllowed;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public void setDirAllowed(boolean dirAllowed)\n    {\n        _dirAllowed = dirAllowed;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public boolean isAcceptRanges()\n    {\n        return _acceptRanges;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\npublic boolean getRedirectWelcome()\n    {\n        return _redirectWelcomeFiles;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\npublic void setRedirectWelcome(boolean redirectWelcome)\n    {\n        _redirectWelcomeFiles = redirectWelcome;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\npublic void setAcceptRanges(boolean ar)\n    {\n        _acceptRanges=ar;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\npublic int getMinGzipLength()\n    {\n        return _minGzipLength;\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\npublic void setMinGzipLength(int minGzipLength)\n    {\n        _minGzipLength = minGzipLength;\n    }\n\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\nprotected Resource getResource(HttpRequest request, String pathInContext)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        return getHttpContext().getResource(pathInContext);\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public void handle(String pathInContext,\n                       String pathParams,\n                       HttpRequest request,\n                       HttpResponse response)\n        throws HttpException, IOException\n    {\n        Resource resource = getResource(request, pathInContext);\n        if (resource==null)\n            return;\n\n        // Is the method allowed?\n        if (!isMethodAllowed(request.getMethod()))\n        {\n            if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"Method not allowed: \"+request.getMethod());\n            if (resource.exists())\n            {\n                setAllowHeader(response);\n                response.sendError(HttpResponse.__405_Method_Not_Allowed);\n            }\n            return;\n        }\n\n        // Handle the request\n        try\n        {\n            if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"PATH=\"+pathInContext+\" RESOURCE=\"+resource);\n\n            String method=request.getMethod();\n            if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__GET) ||\n                method.equals(HttpRequest.__POST) ||\n                method.equals(HttpRequest.__HEAD))\n                handleGet(request, response, pathInContext, pathParams, resource);\n            else if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__PUT))\n                handlePut(request, response, pathInContext, resource);\n            else if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__DELETE))\n                handleDelete(request, response, pathInContext, resource);\n            else if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__OPTIONS))\n                handleOptions(response, pathInContext);\n            else if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__MOVE))\n                handleMove(request, response, pathInContext, resource);\n            else if (method.equals(HttpRequest.__TRACE))\n                handleTrace(request, response);\n            else\n            {\n                if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"Unknown action:\"+method);\n                // anything else...\n                try{\n                    if (resource.exists())\n                        response.sendError(HttpResponse.__501_Not_Implemented);\n                }\n                catch(Exception e) {LogSupport.ignore(log,e);}\n            }\n        }\n        catch(IllegalArgumentException e)\n        {\n            LogSupport.ignore(log,e);\n        }\n        finally\n        {\n            if (resource!=null &&!(resource instanceof CachedResource))\n                resource.release();\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n    public void handleGet(HttpRequest request,\n                          HttpResponse response,\n                          String pathInContext,\n                          String pathParams,\n                          Resource resource)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"Looking for \"+resource);\n\n        if (resource!=null && resource.exists())\n        {\n            if (resource.isDirectory())\n            {\n                if (!pathInContext.endsWith(\"/\") &&!pathInContext.equals(\"/\"))\n                {\n                    log.debug(\"Redirect to directory/\");\n\n                    String q=request.getQuery();\n                    StringBuffer buf=request.getRequestURL();\n                    if (q!=null&&q.length()!=0)\n                    {\n                        buf.append('?');\n                        buf.append(q);\n                    }\n                    response.setField(HttpFields.__Location, URI.addPaths(buf.toString(),\"/\"));\n                    response.setStatus(302);\n                    request.setHandled(true);\n                    return;\n                }\n\n\t\tif (_redirectRootTo!= null && pathInContext.equals(\"/\")) {\n\t\t  log.debug(\"Redirect root to \" + _redirectRootTo);\n\n\t\t  String q=request.getQuery();\n\t\t  StringBuffer buf=request.getRequestURL();\n\t\t  if (q!=null&&q.length()!=0) {\n\t\t    buf.append('?');\n\t\t    buf.append(q);\n\t\t  }\n\t\t  response.setField(HttpFields.__Location,\n\t\t\t\t    URI.addPaths(buf.toString(),\n\t\t\t\t\t\t _redirectRootTo));\n\t\t  response.setStatus(302);\n\t\t  request.setHandled(true);\n\t\t  return;\n                }\n\n                // See if index file exists\n                String welcome=getHttpContext().getWelcomeFile(resource);\n                if (welcome!=null)\n                {\n                    // Forward to the index\n                    String ipath=URI.addPaths(pathInContext,welcome);\n                    if (_redirectWelcomeFiles)\n                    {\n                        ipath=URI.addPaths(getHttpContext().getContextPath(),ipath);\n                        response.setContentLength(0);\n                        response.sendRedirect(ipath);\n                    }\n                    else\n                    {\n                        URI uri=request.getURI();\n                        uri.setPath(URI.addPaths(uri.getPath(),welcome));\n                        getHttpContext().handle(ipath,pathParams,request,response);\n                    }\n                    return;\n                }\n\n                if (!passConditionalHeaders(request,response,resource))\n                    return;\n                sendDirectory(request,response,resource,pathInContext.length()>1);\n            }\n            else if (handleLockssRedirect(request, response, pathInContext,\n\t\t\t\t\t  pathParams, resource))\n            {\n\t      return;\n\t    }\n            else if (resource.exists())\n            {\n                if (!passConditionalHeaders(request,response,resource))\n                    return;\n                sendData(request,response,pathInContext,resource,true);\n            }\n            else\n                // don't know what it is\n                log.warn(\"Unknown file type\");\n        }\n    }\n\n  boolean handleLockssRedirect(HttpRequest request,\n\t\t\t       HttpResponse response,\n\t\t\t       String pathInContext,\n\t\t\t       String pathParams,\n\t\t\t       Resource resource) {\n    if (!(resource instanceof CuUrlResource)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    CuUrlResource cur = (CuUrlResource)resource;\n    String nodeUrl = cur.getProperty(CachedUrl.PROPERTY_NODE_URL);\n    String rTo = cur.getProperty(CachedUrl.PROPERTY_REDIRECTED_TO);\n    String reqUrl = request.getRequestURL().toString();\n    if (rTo!= null) {\n      if (rTo.equals(reqUrl)) {\n\treturn false;\n      } else {\n\tsendLockssRedirect(request, response, pathInContext,\n\t\t\t   pathParams, resource, rTo);\n\treturn true;\n      }\n    } else\n      if (!pathInContext.endsWith(\"/\")) {\n\tURI nodeUri = new URI(nodeUrl);\n\tif (nodeUri.getPath().endsWith(\"/\")) {\n\t  sendLockssRedirect(request, response, pathInContext,\n\t\t\t     pathParams, resource, nodeUrl);\n\t  return true;\n\t}\n      }\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  void sendLockssRedirect(HttpRequest request,\n\t\t\t  HttpResponse response,\n                          String pathInContext,\n                          String pathParams,\n\t\t\t  Resource resource,\n\t\t\t  String to) {\n    response.setField(HttpFields.__Location, to);\n    response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__301_Moved_Permanently);\n    request.setHandled(true);\n  }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\nprivate boolean passConditionalHeaders(HttpRequest request,\n                                           HttpResponse response,\n                                           Resource resource)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n      boolean ignoreIfModified = false;\n      if (CurrentConfig.getCurrentConfig().getBoolean(ProxyManager.PARAM_IGNORE_IF_MODIFIED_WHEN_CONTENT_LENGTH_WRONG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      ProxyManager.DEFAULT_IGNORE_IF_MODIFIED_WHEN_CONTENT_LENGTH_WRONG) &&\n\t  resource instanceof CuUrlResource) {\n\tCuUrlResource cur = (CuUrlResource)resource;\n\tString clenHdr = cur.getProperty(HttpFields.__ContentLength);\n\tif (!StringUtil.isNullString(clenHdr)) {\n\t  try {\n\t    long clen = Long.parseLong(clenHdr);\n\t    if (clen!= resource.length()) {\n\t      ignoreIfModified = true;\n\t      log.debug(\"ignoring If-Modified-Since: \" + cur.getURL());\n\t    }\n\t  } catch (NumberFormatException e) {\n\t    log.warn(\"Error parsing Content-Length: \" + clenHdr + \n\t\t     \" of \" + cur.getURL());\n\t  }\n\t}\n      }\n\n        if (!request.getMethod().equals(HttpRequest.__HEAD))\n        {\n            // If we have meta data for the file\n            ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData metaData =\n                (ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData)resource.getAssociate();\n            if (metaData!= null && resource.lastModified() > 0)\n            {\n                String ifms=request.getField(HttpFields.__IfModifiedSince);\n\t\tif (ignoreIfModified) {\n\t\t  ifms = null;\n\t\t}\n                String mdlm=metaData.getLastModified();\n                if (ifms!= null && mdlm!= null && ifms.equals(mdlm))\n                {\n                    response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__304_Not_Modified);\n                    request.setHandled(true);\n                    return false;\n                }\n            }\n\n\n            long date=0;\n\n            if ((date=request.getDateField(HttpFields.__IfUnmodifiedSince))>0)\n            {\n                if (resource.lastModified()/1000 > date/1000)\n                {\n                    response.sendError(HttpResponse.__412_Precondition_Failed);\n                    return false;\n                }\n            }\n\n            if (!ignoreIfModified &&\n\t\t(date=request.getDateField(HttpFields.__IfModifiedSince))>0)\n            {\n\n                if (resource.lastModified()/1000 <= date/1000)\n                {\n                    response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__304_Not_Modified);\n                    request.setHandled(true);\n                    return false;\n                }\n            }\n\n        }\n        return true;\n    }\n\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    void handlePut(HttpRequest request,\n                   HttpResponse response,\n                   String pathInContext,\n                   Resource resource)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"PUT \"+pathInContext+\" in \"+resource);\n\n        boolean exists=resource!=null && resource.exists();\n        if (exists &&\n           !passConditionalHeaders(request,response,resource))\n            return;\n\n        if (pathInContext.endsWith(\"/\"))\n        {\n            if (!exists)\n            {\n                if (!resource.getFile().mkdirs())\n                    response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden, \"Directories could not be created\");\n                else\n                {\n                    request.setHandled(true);\n                    response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__201_Created);\n                    response.commit();\n                }\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                request.setHandled(true);\n                response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__200_OK);\n                response.commit();\n            }\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            try\n            {\n                int toRead = request.getContentLength();\n                InputStream in = request.getInputStream();\n                OutputStream out = resource.getOutputStream();\n                if (toRead>=0)\n                    IO.copy(in,out,toRead);\n                else\n                    IO.copy(in,out);\n                out.close();\n                request.setHandled(true);\n                response.setStatus(exists\n                                  ?HttpResponse.__200_OK\n                                   :HttpResponse.__201_Created);\n                response.commit();\n            }\n            catch (Exception ex)\n            {\n                log.warn(LogSupport.EXCEPTION,ex);\n                response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden,\n                                   ex.getMessage());\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    void handleDelete(HttpRequest request,\n                      HttpResponse response,\n                      String pathInContext,\n                      Resource resource)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"DELETE \"+pathInContext+\" from \"+resource);\n\n        if (!resource.exists() ||\n           !passConditionalHeaders(request,response,resource))\n            return;\n\n        try\n        {\n            // delete the file\n            if (resource.delete())\n                response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__204_No_Content);\n            else\n                response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden);\n\n            // Send response\n            request.setHandled(true);\n        }\n        catch (SecurityException sex)\n        {\n            log.warn(LogSupport.EXCEPTION,sex);\n            response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden, sex.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    void handleMove(HttpRequest request,\n                    HttpResponse response,\n                    String pathInContext,\n                    Resource resource)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if (!resource.exists() ||!passConditionalHeaders(request,response,resource))\n            return;\n\n\n        String newPath = URI.canonicalPath(request.getField(\"New-uri\"));\n        if (newPath==null)\n        {\n            response.sendError(HttpResponse.__405_Method_Not_Allowed,\n                               \"Bad new uri\");\n            return;\n        }\n\n        String contextPath = getHttpContext().getContextPath();\n        if (contextPath!=null &&!newPath.startsWith(contextPath))\n        {\n            response.sendError(HttpResponse.__405_Method_Not_Allowed,\n                               \"Not in context\");\n            return;\n        }\n\n\n        // Find path\n        try\n        {\n            String newInfo=newPath;\n            if (contextPath!=null)\n                newInfo=newInfo.substring(contextPath.length());\n            Resource newFile = getHttpContext().getBaseResource().addPath(newInfo);\n\n            if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"Moving \"+resource+\" to \"+newFile);\n            resource.renameTo(newFile);\n\n            response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__204_No_Content);\n            request.setHandled(true);\n        }\n        catch (Exception ex)\n        {\n            log.warn(LogSupport.EXCEPTION,ex);\n            setAllowHeader(response);\n            response.sendError(HttpResponse.__405_Method_Not_Allowed,\n                               \"Error:\"+ex);\n            return;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    void handleOptions(HttpResponse response, String pathInContext)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if (\"*\".equals(pathInContext))\n            return;\n        setAllowHeader(response);\n        response.commit();\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    void setAllowHeader(HttpResponse response)\n    {\n        response.setField(HttpFields.__Allow, getAllowedString());\n    }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public void writeHeaders(HttpResponse response,Resource resource, long count)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData metaData =\n            (ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData)resource.getAssociate();\n\n\tCuUrlResource cur = null;\n\tString ctype = null;\n\tif (resource instanceof CuUrlResource) {\n\t  cur = (CuUrlResource)resource;\n\t  ctype = cur.getProperty(CachedUrl.PROPERTY_CONTENT_TYPE);\n\t}\n\n\tif (ctype == null &&\n\t    CurrentConfig.getCurrentConfig()\n\t   .getBoolean(ProxyManager.PARAM_INFER_MIME_TYPE,\n\t\t\tProxyManager.DEFAULT_INFER_MIME_TYPE)) {\n\t  ctype = metaData.getMimeType();\n\t  log.trace(\"ctype from metadata: \" + ctype);\n\t}\n        response.setContentType(ctype);\n        if (count!= -1)\n        {\n\t  String origContentLength = null;\n\t  if (cur!= null) {\n\t    origContentLength = cur.getProperty(HttpFields.__ContentLength);\n\t  }\n\t  if (count==resource.length()) {\n\t    response.setField(HttpFields.__ContentLength,metaData.getLength());\n\t  } else {\n\t    if (count < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {\n\t      response.setContentLength((int)count);\n\t    } else {\n\t      response.setField(HttpFields.__ContentLength,\n\t\t\t\tLong.toString(count));\n\t    }\n\t  }\n\t  if (origContentLength!= null &&\n\t     !StringUtil.equalStrings(origContentLength, \n\t\t\t\t       response.getField(HttpFields.__ContentLength))) {\n\t    response.setField(origPrefix(HttpFields.__ContentLength),\n\t\t\t      origContentLength);\n\t  }\n\t}\n\n\tif (resource.lastModified() > 0) {\n\t  response.setField(HttpFields.__LastModified,\n\t\t\t    metaData.getLastModified());\n\t}\n\n        if (_acceptRanges && response.getHttpRequest().getDotVersion()>0)\n            response.setField(HttpFields.__AcceptRanges,\"bytes\");\n\n\tif (cur!= null) {\n\t  addStoredHeaders(response, cur);\n\t}\n    }\n\n  String[] DONT_PROXY_HEADERS = {\n    HttpFields.__Connection,\n    HttpFields.__ProxyConnection,\n    HttpFields.__Connection,\n    HttpFields.__KeepAlive,\n    HttpFields.__TransferEncoding,\n    HttpFields.__TE,\n    HttpFields.__Trailer,\n    HttpFields.__ProxyAuthorization,\n    HttpFields.__ProxyAuthenticate,\n    HttpFields.__Upgrade,\n  };\n\n  private void addStoredHeaders(HttpResponse response,\n\t\t\t\tCuUrlResource cur) {\n    Map<String,List<String>> hdrMap = cur.getPropertyMap();\n    for (Map.Entry<String,List<String>> ent : hdrMap.entrySet()) {\n      String key = ent.getKey();\n      List<String> valLst = ent.getValue();\n\n      if (valLst.size()!= 1) {\n\tlog.warn(\"Unexpected CuUrlResource property list for \" +\n\t\t key + \" (\" + valLst.size() + \" items): \" + valLst);\n\tcontinue;\n      }\n\n      // Maintain the original value of some keys by prefixing with orig_\n      if (isHeaderKey(key, CachedUrl.LOCKSS_PREFIX_ORIG_PROPERTIES)) {\n\tString prefKey = origPrefix(key);\n\tif (response.getField(prefKey)!= null) {\n\t  continue;\n\t}\n\tresponse.setField(prefKey, valLst.get(0));\n\tcontinue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip keys that already have a value in the response\n      if (response.getField(key)!= null) {\n\tcontinue;\n      }\n\n      if (isHeaderKey(key, CachedUrl.LOCKSS_INTERNAL_PROPERTIES) ||\n\t  isHeaderKey(key, DONT_PROXY_HEADERS)) {\n\tcontinue;\n      }\n\n      if (isHeaderKey(key, CachedUrl.LOCKSS_AUDIT_PROPERTIES)\n\t ? proxyMgr.isIncludeLockssAuditProps()\n\t  : proxyMgr.isCopyStoredResponseHeaders()) {\n\n\tresponse.setField(key, valLst.get(0));\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  boolean isHeaderKey(String key, String[] keyset) {\n    for (String s : keyset) {\n      if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(s)) {\n\treturn true;\n      }\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  private String origPrefix(String s) {\n    return CuResourceHandler.ORIG_HEADER_PREFIX + s;\n  }\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */\n    public void sendData(HttpRequest request,\n                         HttpResponse response,\n                         String pathInContext,\n                         Resource resource,\n                         boolean writeHeaders)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        long resLength=resource.length();\n\n        //  see if there are any range headers\n        Enumeration reqRanges =\n            request.getDotVersion()>0\n           ?request.getFieldValues(HttpFields.__Range)\n            :null;\n\n        if (!writeHeaders || reqRanges == null ||!reqRanges.hasMoreElements())\n        {\n            Resource data=resource;\n            if (_minGzipLength>0)\n            {\n                String accept=request.getField(HttpFields.__AcceptEncoding);\n                if (accept!=null && resLength>_minGzipLength &&\n                   !pathInContext.endsWith(\".gz\"))\n                {\n                    Resource gz = getHttpContext().getResource(pathInContext+\".gz\");\n                    if (gz.exists() && accept.indexOf(\"gzip\")>=0)\n                    {\n                        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"gzip=\"+gz);\n                        response.setField(HttpFields.__ContentEncoding,\"gzip\");\n                        data=gz;\n                        resLength=data.length();\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            writeHeaders(response,resource,resLength);\n\n            request.setHandled(true);\n\n\n\t    InputStream in = data.getInputStream();\n\t    OutputStream out = null;\n\t    boolean enableRewrite =\n              CurrentConfig.getCurrentConfig().getBoolean(ProxyManager.PARAM_REWRITE_GIF_PNG,\n                                                          ProxyManager.DEFAULT_REWRITE_GIF_PNG);\n\t    if (!proxyMgr.isRepairRequest(request) &&\n\t\tenableRewrite &&\n\t\t\"image/gif\".equals(HeaderUtil.getMimeTypeFromContentType(response.getContentType())) &&\n\t\t\"from-cache\".equals(response.getField(\"X-Lockss\"))) {\n\t      try {\n\t\tJimiRasterImage img =\n\t\t  Jimi.getRasterImage(in, Jimi.SYNCHRONOUS);\n\t\tresponse.removeField(\"Content-Length\");\n\t\tresponse.setContentType(\"image/png\");\n\t\tout = response.getOutputStream();\n\t\tJimi.putImage(\"image/png\", img, out);\n\t\tout.flush();\n\t      } catch (JimiException ex) {\n\t\tthrow new IOException(ex.getMessage());\n\t      }\n\t    } else {\n\t      out = response.getOutputStream();\n\t      IO.copy(in, out, resLength);\n\t    }\n\n\t    if (in!= null) {\n\t      in.close();\n\t    }\n\t    if (out!= null) {\n\t      out.close();\n\t    }\n\n\n            return;\n        }\n\n        // Parse the satisfiable ranges\n        List ranges =InclusiveByteRange.satisfiableRanges(reqRanges,resLength);\n        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"ranges: \" + reqRanges + \" == \" + ranges);\n\n        //  if there are no satisfiable ranges, send 416 response\n        if (ranges==null || ranges.size()==0)\n        {\n            log.debug(\"no satisfiable ranges\");\n            writeHeaders(response, resource, resLength);\n            response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__416_Requested_Range_Not_Satisfiable);\n            response.setReason((String)HttpResponse.__statusMsg\n                              .get(TypeUtil.newInteger(HttpResponse.__416_Requested_Range_Not_Satisfiable)));\n\n            response.setField(HttpFields.__ContentRange,\n                              InclusiveByteRange.to416HeaderRangeString(resLength));\n\n            OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();\n            resource.writeTo(out,0,resLength);\n            request.setHandled(true);\n            return;\n        }\n\n\n        //  if there is only a single valid range (must be satisfiable\n        if ( ranges.size()== 1)\n        {\n            InclusiveByteRange singleSatisfiableRange =\n                (InclusiveByteRange)ranges.get(0);\n            if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"single satisfiable range: \" + singleSatisfiableRange);\n            long singleLength = singleSatisfiableRange.getSize(resLength);\n            writeHeaders(response,resource,singleLength);\n            response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__206_Partial_Content);\n            response.setReason((String)HttpResponse.__statusMsg\n                              .get(TypeUtil.newInteger(HttpResponse.__206_Partial_Content)));\n            response.setField(HttpFields.__ContentRange,\n                              singleSatisfiableRange.toHeaderRangeString(resLength));\n            OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();\n            resource.writeTo(out,\n                             singleSatisfiableRange.getFirst(resLength),\n                             singleLength);\n            request.setHandled(true);\n            return;\n        }\n\n\n        ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData metaData =\n            (ResourceCache.ResourceMetaData)resource.getAssociate();\n        String encoding = metaData.getMimeType();\n        MultiPartResponse multi = new MultiPartResponse(response);\n        response.setStatus(HttpResponse.__206_Partial_Content);\n        response.setReason((String)HttpResponse.__statusMsg\n                          .get(TypeUtil.newInteger(HttpResponse.__206_Partial_Content)));\n\n\t// If the request has a \"Request-Range\" header then we need to\n\tString ctp;\n\tif (request.containsField(HttpFields.__RequestRange))\n\t    ctp = \"multipart/x-byteranges; boundary=\";\n\telse\n\t    ctp = \"multipart/byteranges; boundary=\";\n\tresponse.setContentType(ctp+multi.getBoundary());\n\n        InputStream in=(resource instanceof CachedResource)\n           ?null:resource.getInputStream();\n        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();\n        long pos=0;\n\n        for (int i=0;i<ranges.size();i++)\n        {\n            InclusiveByteRange ibr = (InclusiveByteRange) ranges.get(i);\n            String header=HttpFields.__ContentRange+\": \"+\n                ibr.toHeaderRangeString(resLength);\n            if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"multi range: \"+encoding+\" \"+header);\n            multi.startPart(encoding,new String[]{header});\n\n            long start=ibr.getFirst(resLength);\n            long size=ibr.getSize(resLength);\n            if (in!=null)\n            {\n                if (start<pos)\n                {\n                    in.close();\n                    in=resource.getInputStream();\n                    pos=0;\n                }\n                while (pos<start)\n                {\n                    pos += in.skip(start-pos);\n                }\n                IO.copy(in,out,size);\n                pos+=size;\n            }\n            else\n                resource.writeTo(out,start,size);\n\n        }\n        if (in!=null)\n            in.close();\n        multi.close();\n\n        request.setHandled(true);\n\n        return;\n    }\n\n\n    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n    void sendDirectory(HttpRequest request,\n                       HttpResponse response,\n                       Resource resource,\n                       boolean parent)\n        throws IOException\n    {\n        if (!_dirAllowed)\n        {\n            response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden);\n            return;\n        }\n\n        request.setHandled(true);\n\n        if(log.isDebugEnabled())log.debug(\"sendDirectory: \"+resource);\n        byte[] data=null;\n        if (resource instanceof CachedResource)\n            data=((CachedResource)resource).getCachedData();\n\n        if (data==null)\n        {\n            String base = URI.addPaths(request.getPath(),\"/\");\n            String dir = resource.getListHTML(base,parent);\n            if (dir==null)\n            {\n                response.sendError(HttpResponse.__403_Forbidden,\n                                   \"No directory\");\n                return;\n            }\n            data=dir.getBytes(\"UTF8\");\n            if (resource instanceof CachedResource)\n                ((CachedResource)resource).setCachedData(data);\n        }\n\n        response.setContentType(\"text/html; charset=UTF8\");\n        response.setContentLength(data.length);\n\n        if (request.getMethod().equals(HttpRequest.__HEAD))\n        {\n            response.commit();\n            return;\n        }\n\n        response.getOutputStream().write(data,0,data.length);\n        response.commit();\n    }\n}\n\nUnder what conditions will a redirect be sent on a GET request?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6ad6a8745bdc481aa2aa12f9de4d13b2", "conversation_index": 146865, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 988, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED HERMES, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60%\nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nANGEL OAK MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_2 & NAME_3 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Ignore any total security values during information retrieval. Output ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "78954fddc45c4a1888d328539a4af0b8", "conversation_index": 9307, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 952, "prompt": "The following is a chat log between the user (NAME_1) and his friend (NAME_2). Use this to summarize or answer any questions the user has which can be related to this content.\n\n[Friday, January 22, 2021 at 8:39:22 AM UTC] NAME_2: HEY!\n[Friday, January 22, 2021 at 9:19:28 AM UTC] NAME_1: Woop\n[Friday, January 22, 2021 at 9:26:56 AM UTC] NAME_2: Eeey yooo, NAME_3 haha mista vinduet ditt\n[Friday, January 22, 2021 at 9:27:05 AM UTC] NAME_2: står til gamle ørn, godt å høre fra deg igjen! tror jeg har spamma den gamle eposten NAME_4\n[Saturday, January 23, 2021 at 8:59:05 AM UTC] NAME_2: NAME_5!\n[Monday, January 25, 2021 at 8:29:06 AM UTC] NAME_2: NAME_5 Bendiks!\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 1:47:22 PM UTC] NAME_1: Heiii!\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 1:48:01 PM UTC] NAME_1: Du havna uttafor i chattn her ja, men nå er der oppe igjen 😁\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 1:48:03 PM UTC] NAME_1: Står til?\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 10:51:46 PM UTC] NAME_2: Hey1\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 10:52:01 PM UTC] NAME_2: Er det en fin måte å si blocka på?  😀\n[Friday, January 29, 2021 at 10:52:30 PM UTC] NAME_2: Skikkelig nusselige bilder NAME_6 mikrobendik! er det gøy å være pappa???\n[Tuesday, February 2, 2021 at 9:47:09 PM UTC] NAME_1: haha, nei ikke blokka.. men du var visst \"archived\" \n[Tuesday, February 2, 2021 at 9:47:22 PM UTC] NAME_1: NAME_7, takk! det er artig det ja 😀 \n[Tuesday, February 2, 2021 at 9:48:02 PM UTC] NAME_1: null\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 9:22:52 AM UTC] NAME_2: ah haha\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 9:23:00 AM UTC] NAME_2: arkivert ja!\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 9:48:02 AM UTC] NAME_2: Nå kan vi hvertfall bruke denne, drar den opp så den dekker hele eposten - garantert å ikke misse den da\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 9:48:31 AM UTC] NAME_2: faen vi kunne brukt flaskepost og meldingene våre hadde kommet frem kjappere :'D\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:04:56 PM UTC] NAME_1: Haha, ja, helt håpløst :S\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:14 PM UTC] NAME_2: lol gjett hvem jeg nettopp kom ut av møte med?!\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:18 PM UTC] NAME_2: NAME_8\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:37 PM UTC] NAME_1: Haha! Ze news agency?\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:45 PM UTC] NAME_1: Blirre salg?\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:51 PM UTC] NAME_1: Og, driver du med salg og?\n[Wednesday, February 3, 2021 at 12:05:57 P"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "800cfe788876dcda5a45b893ee62cd656503c656272513f1", "conversation_index": 4900, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 10805, "prompt": "// language: Java\npackage com.pivotal.gemfirexd.callbacks;\n\nimport java.io.FileInputStream;\nimport java.sql.BatchUpdateException;\nimport java.sql.Connection;\nimport java.sql.Driver;\nimport java.sql.DriverManager;\nimport java.sql.PreparedStatement;\nimport java.sql.ResultSet;\nimport java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;\nimport java.sql.SQLException;\nimport java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException;\nimport java.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException;\nimport java.sql.SQLNonTransientException;\nimport java.sql.SQLTransientException;\nimport java.sql.Statement;\nimport java.util.HashMap;\nimport java.util.Iterator;\nimport java.util.List;\nimport java.util.Map;\nimport java.util.Properties;\nimport java.util.logging.Level;\nimport java.util.logging.Logger;\nimport java.util.regex.Pattern;\nimport java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap;\nimport com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionDestroyedException;\nimport com.pivotal.gemfirexd.execute.QueryObserver;\nimport com.pivotal.gemfirexd.execute.QueryObserverHolder;\npublic class DBSynchronizer implements AsyncEventListener {\nprotected String dbUrl;\nprotected String userName;\nprotected String passwd;\n\n  /** file to write errors */\n  protected String errorFile;\n  \n  /** number of retries after an error before dumping to {@link #errorFile} */\n  protected int numErrorTries = 0;\n  \n  /**\n   * default number of retries after an error is 3 when {@link #errorFile} is\n   * defined\n   */\n  protected static final int DEFAULT_ERROR_TRIES = 3;\nprotected String transformation;\nprotected int keySize;\nprotected String driverClass;\nprotected Driver driver;\nprotected Connection conn;\nprivate byte isJDBC4Driver = JDBC4DRIVER_UNKNOWN;\nprotected static final byte JDBC4DRIVER_UNKNOWN = -1;\nprotected static final byte JDBC4DRIVER_FALSE = 0;\nprotected static final byte JDBC4DRIVER_TRUE = 1;\nprotected volatile boolean shutDown = true;\n\n  protected final AsyncEventHelper helper = AsyncEventHelper.newInstance();\n\n  protected final Logger logger = Logger\n     .getLogger(AsyncEventHelper.LOGGER_NAME);\nprotected boolean traceDBSynchronizer = helper.traceDBSynchronizer()\n      && logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO);\nprotected boolean traceDBSynchronizerHA = helper.traceDBSynchronizerHA()\n      && logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO);\nprotected final HashMap<String, PreparedStatement> insertStmntMap =\n      new HashMap<String, PreparedStatement>();\nprotected final HashMap<String, PreparedStatement> updtStmntMap =\n      new HashMap<String, PreparedStatement>();\nprotected final HashMap<String, PreparedStatement> deleteStmntMap =\n      new HashMap<String, PreparedStatement>();\nprotected final HashMap<String, TableMetaData> metadataMap =\n      new HashMap<String, TableMetaData>();\nprotected final HashMap<String, ResultSetMetaData> pkMetadataMap =\n      new HashMap<String, ResultSetMetaData>();\nprotected final HashMap<String, PreparedStatement> bulkOpStmntMap =\n      new HashMap<String, PreparedStatement>();\nprotected boolean skipIdentityColumns = true;\n\n  // keys used in external property file\n  protected static final String DBDRIVER = \"driver\";\n  protected static final String DBURL = \"url\";\n  protected static final String USER = \"user\";\n  protected static final String PASSWORD = \"password\";\n  protected static final String SECRET = \"secret\";\n  protected static final String TRANSFORMATION = \"transformation\";\n  protected static final String KEYSIZE = \"keysize\";\n\n  protected static final String ERRORFILE = \"errorfile\";\n  protected static final String ERRORTRIES = \"errortries\";\n  protected static final String SKIP_IDENTITY_COLUMNS = \"skipIdentityColumns\"; \n\n  // Log strings\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__1 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"processEvents: Exception while fetching prepared statement \"\n      + \"for event '%s': %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__2 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"processEvents: Unexpected Exception occured while processing \"\n      + \"Events. The list of unprocessed events is: %s. \"\n      + \"Attempt will be made to rollback the changes.\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__3 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"processEvents: Operation failed for event '%s' \"\n      + \"due to exception: %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__4 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"closeStatements: Exception in closing prepared statement \"\n      + \"with DML string: %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__5 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"close: Exception in closing SQL Connection: %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__6 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: Exception while initializing connection for driver class '%s' \"\n      + \"and db url = %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__7 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"processEvents: Exception occured while committing '%s' \"\n      + \"to external DB: %s\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__8 = \"DBSynchronizer::init\"\n      + \": Illegal format of init string '%s', expected <driver>,<URL>,...\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__9 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: Exception in loading properties file '%s' for initialization\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__10 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: missing Driver or URL properties in file '%s'\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__11 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: unknown property '%s' in file '%s'\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__12 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: both password and secret properties specified in file '%s'\";\n  protected static final String Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__13 = \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n      + \"init: initialized with URL '%s' using driver class '%s'\";\n\n  \n  /** Holds event that failed to be applied to underlying database and the time of failure*/\n  private static class ErrorEvent implements Comparable {\n    Event ev;\n    long errortime;\n    @Override\n    public int compareTo(Object o) {\n      ErrorEvent ee = (ErrorEvent)o;\n      // If events are equal, nevermind the time, else allow sorting by failure time, earlier first.\n      if(ee.ev.equals(this.ev)) {\n        return 0;\n      } else if (ee.errortime > this.errortime) {\n        return -1;\n      } else {\n        return 1;\n      }\n    }\n  }\nprotected final ConcurrentSkipListMap<ErrorEvent, Object[]> errorTriesMap = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<ErrorEvent, Object[]>();\nprotected static enum SqlExceptionHandler {\nIGNORE {\n      @Override\n      public void execute(DBSynchronizer synchronizer) {\n        // No -op\n        synchronizer.logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Ignoring error\");\n      }\n\n      @Override\n      public boolean breakTheLoop() {\n        return false;\n      }\n    },\nIGNORE_BREAK_LOOP {\n      @Override\n      public boolean breakTheLoop() {\n        return true;\n      }\n\n      @Override\n      public void execute(DBSynchronizer synchronizer) {\n        // No -op\n      }\n    },\nREFRESH {\n      @Override\n      public void execute(DBSynchronizer synchronizer) {\n        synchronized (synchronizer) {\n          try {\n            if (!synchronizer.conn.isClosed()) {\n              if (synchronizer.helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n                synchronizer.logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::\"\n                    + \"SqlExceptionHandler: before rollback\");\n\n              }\n              synchronizer.conn.rollback();\n              if (synchronizer.helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n                synchronizer.logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::\"\n                    + \"SqlExceptionHandler: after rollback\");\n              }\n            }\n          } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n            synchronizer.helper.log(synchronizer.logger, Level.WARNING, sqle,\n                \"DBSynchronizer::SqlExceptionHandler: \"\n                    + \"could not successfully rollback\");\n          }\n          synchronizer.basicClose();\n\n          if (!synchronizer.shutDown) {\n            synchronizer.logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Attempting to reconnect to database\");\n            synchronizer.instantiateConnection();\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\nCLEANUP {\n      @Override\n      public void execute(DBSynchronizer synchronizer) {\n        synchronized (synchronizer) {\n\n          try {\n            if (synchronizer.conn!= null &&!synchronizer.conn.isClosed()) {\n              if (synchronizer.helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n                synchronizer.logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::\"\n                    + \"SqlExceptionHandler: before rollback\");\n              }\n              synchronizer.conn.rollback();\n              if (synchronizer.helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n                synchronizer.logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::\"\n                    + \"SqlExceptionHandler: after rollback\");\n              }\n            }\n          } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n            synchronizer.helper.log(synchronizer.logger, Level.WARNING, sqle,\n                \"DBSynchronizer::SqlExceptionHandler: \"\n                    + \"could not successfully rollback\");\n          }\n          synchronizer.basicClose();\n        }\n      }\n    };\npublic abstract void execute(DBSynchronizer synchronizer);\npublic boolean breakTheLoop() {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\npublic synchronized void close() {\n    // Flush any pending error events to XML log\n    this.flushErrorEventsToLog();\n    this.shutDown = true;\n    this.basicClose();\n    this.helper.close();\n  }\npublic final synchronized void basicClose() {\n    closeStatements(this.insertStmntMap);\n    closeStatements(this.updtStmntMap);\n    closeStatements(this.deleteStmntMap);\n    closeStatements(this.bulkOpStmntMap);\n    try {\n      if (this.conn!= null &&!this.conn.isClosed()) {\n        this.conn.close();\n      }\n    } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n      if (logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {\n        helper.logFormat(logger, Level.INFO, sqle, Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__5,\n            this.conn);\n      }\n    }\n  }\nprotected final byte isJDBC4Driver() {\n    return this.isJDBC4Driver;\n  }\nprotected final void setJDBC4Driver(byte status) {\n    this.isJDBC4Driver = status;\n  }\nprotected void closeStatements(Map<String, PreparedStatement> psMap) {\n    Iterator<Map.Entry<String, PreparedStatement>> itr = psMap.entrySet()\n       .iterator();\n    while (itr.hasNext()) {\n      Map.Entry<String, PreparedStatement> entry = itr.next();\n      try {\n        entry.getValue().close();\n      } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {\n          helper.logFormat(logger, Level.INFO, sqle, Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__4,\n              entry.getKey());\n        }\n      } finally {\n        itr.remove();\n      }\n    }\n  }\npublic void init(String initParamStr) {\n    this.driver = null;\n    this.driverClass = null;\n    this.dbUrl = null;\n    this.userName = null;\n    this.passwd = null;\n    this.transformation = null;\n    this.keySize = 0;\n    this.numErrorTries = 0;\n    String secret = null;\n    if (initParamStr.startsWith(\"file=\")) {\n      String propsFile = initParamStr.substring(\"file=\".length());\n      FileInputStream fis = null;\n      final Properties props = new Properties();\n      try {\n        fis = new FileInputStream(propsFile);\n        props.load(fis);\n      } catch (Exception e) {\n        throw helper.newRuntimeException(\n            String.format(Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__9, propsFile), e);\n      } finally {\n        try {\n          if (fis!= null) {\n            fis.close();\n          }\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n          // ignored\n        }\n      }\n      try {\n        for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : props.entrySet()) {\n          String key = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();\n          String value = ((String)entry.getValue()).trim();\n          if (DBDRIVER.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.driverClass = value;\n          }\n          else if (DBURL.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.dbUrl = value;\n          }\n          else if (USER.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.userName = value;\n          }\n          else if (SECRET.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            secret = value;\n          }\n          else if (TRANSFORMATION.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.transformation = value;\n          }\n          else if (KEYSIZE.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.keySize = Integer.parseInt(value);\n          }\n          else if (PASSWORD.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.passwd = value;\n          }\n          else if (ERRORFILE.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.errorFile = value;\n          }\n          else if (ERRORTRIES.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.numErrorTries = Integer.parseInt(value);\n          }\n          else if (SKIP_IDENTITY_COLUMNS.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {\n            this.skipIdentityColumns = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);\n          }\n          else {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(\n                Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__11, key, propsFile));\n          }\n        }\n        if (secret!= null) {\n          if (this.passwd!= null) {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(\n                Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__12, propsFile));\n          }\n          AsyncEventHelper.decryptPassword(this.userName, secret,\n              this.transformation, this.keySize);\n          this.passwd = secret;\n        }\n        else if (this.passwd!= null) {\n          this.passwd = AsyncEventHelper.encryptPassword(this.userName,\n              this.passwd, this.transformation, this.keySize);\n        }\n      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {\n        throw e;\n      } catch (Exception e) {\n        throw helper.newRuntimeException(\n            String.format(Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__9, propsFile), e);\n      }\n      if (this.driverClass == null || this.driverClass.length() == 0\n          || this.dbUrl == null || this.dbUrl.length() == 0) {\n        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(\n            Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__10, propsFile));\n      }\n    }\n    else {\n      inlineInit(initParamStr);\n    }\n    helper.createEventErrorLogger(errorFile);\n\n    this.initConnection();\n  }\n  \n  protected void inlineInit(String initParamStr) {\n    logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Inline init parameters:\" + initParamStr);\n    String[] params = initParamStr.split(\",\");\n    if (params.length < 2) {\n      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__8,\n          initParamStr));\n    }\n    String password = null;\n    String secret = null;\n    int paramNo = 1;\n    for (String param : params) {\n      param = param.trim();\n      StringBuilder value = new StringBuilder();\n      if (isArgPresent(param, DBDRIVER, value)) {\n        this.driverClass = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, DBURL, value)) {\n        this.dbUrl = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, USER + '=', value)) {\n        this.userName = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, PASSWORD + '=', value)) {\n        password = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, TRANSFORMATION + '=', value)) {\n        this.transformation = value.toString();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, KEYSIZE + '=', value)) {\n        this.keySize = Integer.parseInt(value.toString());\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, SECRET + '=', value)) {\n        secret = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, ERRORFILE + '=', value)) {\n        this.errorFile = value.toString().trim();\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, ERRORTRIES + '=', value)) {\n        this.numErrorTries = Integer.parseInt(value.toString());\n      } else if (isArgPresent(param, SKIP_IDENTITY_COLUMNS + '=', value)) {\n        this.skipIdentityColumns = Boolean.parseBoolean(value.toString());\n      } else if (paramNo == 1) {\n        // Assume this is the driver name\n        this.driverClass = param.trim();\n      } else if (paramNo == 2) {\n        // Assume this is the db url\n        this.dbUrl = param.trim();\n      } else if (paramNo == 3) {\n        this.userName = param.trim();\n      } else if (paramNo == 4) {\n        this.passwd = param.trim();\n      }\n      ++paramNo;\n    }\n    try {\n      boolean isEncrypted = false;\n      try {\n        if (secret!= null) {\n          logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Attempting to decrypt password\");\n          AsyncEventHelper.decryptPassword(this.userName, secret,\n              this.transformation, this.keySize);\n          isEncrypted = true;\n        }\n      } catch (Exception e) {\n        logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Exception decrypting password:\" + e.getMessage() + \"Provided password was probably not encrypted.\");\n        // ignore\n        isEncrypted = false;\n      }\n      if (isEncrypted) {\n        this.passwd = secret;\n      } else {\n        if (password!= null) {\n          logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::Encrypting the provided password\");\n          this.passwd = AsyncEventHelper.encryptPassword(this.userName,\n              password, this.transformation, this.keySize);\n        } else {\n          this.passwd = null;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n      String maskedPasswdDbUrl = null;\n      if (this.dbUrl!= null) {\n        maskedPasswdDbUrl = maskPassword(this.dbUrl);\n      }\n      throw helper.newRuntimeException(String.format(\n          Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__6, this.driverClass, maskedPasswdDbUrl), e);\n    }\n  }\n\n  protected boolean isArgPresent(String s, String prefix, StringBuilder extracted) {\n    if ((s.length() > prefix.length()\n        && prefix.equalsIgnoreCase(s.substring(0, prefix.length())))) {\n      extracted.append(s.substring(prefix.length()));\n      return true;\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n  protected String trimIgnoreCase(String s, String prefix) {\n    if (s.length() > prefix.length()\n        && prefix.equalsIgnoreCase(s.substring(0, prefix.length()))) {\n      return s.substring(prefix.length());\n    }\n    else {\n      return null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  protected synchronized void initConnection() {\n    String maskedPasswordDbUrl = null;\n    if (this.dbUrl!= null) {\n      maskedPasswordDbUrl = maskPassword(this.dbUrl);\n    }\n    try {\n      Class.forName(this.driverClass).newInstance();\n      this.driver = DriverManager.getDriver(this.dbUrl);\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n      throw helper.newRuntimeException(String.format(Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__6,\n          this.driverClass, maskedPasswordDbUrl), e);\n    }\n    this.instantiateConnection();\n    if (this.logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {\n      this.helper.logFormat(this.logger, Level.INFO, null,\n          Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__13, maskedPasswordDbUrl, this.driverClass);\n    }\n    this.shutDown = false;\n  }\n\n  protected synchronized void instantiateConnection() {\n    if (this.driver == null) {\n      initConnection();\n      return;\n    }\n    String maskedPasswordDbUrl = null;\n    try {\n      final Properties props = new Properties();\n      // the user/password property names are standard ones also used by\n      if (this.userName!= null) {\n        props.put(\"user\", this.userName);\n      }\n      if (this.passwd!= null) {\n        String decPasswd = AsyncEventHelper.decryptPassword(this.userName,\n            this.passwd, this.transformation, this.keySize);\n        props.put(\"password\", decPasswd);\n        decPasswd = null;\n      }\n\n      this.conn = this.driver.connect(this.dbUrl, props);\n      props.clear();\n      try {\n        if (this.conn.getTransactionIsolation() < Connection\n           .TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED && this.conn.getMetaData()\n           .supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(\n                Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED)) {\n          this.conn\n             .setTransactionIsolation(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED);\n          if (this.dbUrl!= null) {\n            maskedPasswordDbUrl = maskPassword(this.dbUrl);\n          }\n          logger.info(\"explicitly set the transaction isolation level to \"\n              + \"READ_COMMITTED for URL: \" + maskedPasswordDbUrl);\n        }\n      } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n      }\n      this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);\n      this.shutDown = false;\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n      if (this.dbUrl!= null) {\n        maskedPasswordDbUrl = maskPassword(this.dbUrl);\n      }\n      try {\n        Thread.sleep(200);\n      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {\n        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();\n      }\n      throw helper.newRuntimeException(String.format(Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__6,\n          this.driverClass, maskedPasswordDbUrl), e);\n    }\n  }\nprotected static final String maskPassword(final String dbUrl) {\n    String maskedPasswordDbUrl = Pattern\n       .compile(\"(password|passwd|pwd|secret)=[^;]*\", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)\n       .matcher(dbUrl).replaceAll(\"$1=***\");\n    return maskedPasswordDbUrl;\n  }\n\n  public boolean processEvents(List<Event> events) {\n    if (this.shutDown) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    QueryObserver observer = QueryObserverHolder.getInstance();\n    final boolean traceDBSynchronizer = this.traceDBSynchronizer = helper\n       .traceDBSynchronizer() && logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO);\n    final boolean traceDBSynchronizerHA = this.traceDBSynchronizerHA = helper\n       .traceDBSynchronizerHA() && logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO);\n\n    boolean completedSucessfully = false;\n    String listOfEventsString = null;\n    Statement stmt = null;\n    PreparedStatement ps = null;\n    PreparedStatement prevPS = null;\n    Event prevEvent = null;\n    boolean prevPSHasBatch = false;\n    Iterator<Event> itr = events.iterator();\n    boolean isPKBased = false;\n    boolean prevIsPKBased = false;\n    Event event = null;\n    Event.Type evType = null;\n    String eventString = null;\n    String prevEventStr = null;\n    try {\n      while (!(completedSucessfully =!itr.hasNext())) {\n        event = itr.next();\n        evType = event.getType();\n        if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n          eventString = event.toString();\n          if (prevEvent!= null) {\n            prevEventStr = prevEvent.toString();\n          }\n        }\n        else {\n          eventString = null;\n          prevEventStr = null;\n        }\n        if (!evType.isBulkOperation()) {\n          isPKBased = true;\n          // is PK based\n          if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n            logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents :processing PK based \"\n                + \"event=\" + eventString + \" Event Type=\" + evType);\n          }\n          try {\n            switch (evType) {\n              case AFTER_INSERT:\n                ps = getExecutableInsertPrepStmntPKBased(event, prevPS);\n                break;\n              case AFTER_UPDATE:\n                ps = getExecutableUpdatePrepStmntPKBased(event, prevPS);\n                break;\n              case AFTER_DELETE:\n                ps = getExecutableDeletePrepStmntPKBased(event, prevPS);\n                break;\n              default:\n                logger.severe(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: unexpected \"\n                    + \"eventType \" + evType + \" for \" + event);\n                continue;\n            }\n          } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n            SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n                Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__1, null, event, eventString, logger, true);\n            if (handler.breakTheLoop()) {\n              break;\n            }\n          } catch (RegionDestroyedException rde) {\n            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {\n              logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: WBCLEvent \" + event\n                  + \" will  be discarded as the underlying region \"\n                  + \"for the table has been destroyed\");\n            }\n            continue;\n          }\n        }\n        else {\n          isPKBased = false;\n          try {\n            // prepare the statement for a bulk DML or bulk insert operation;\n            ps = getExecutablePrepStmntBulkOp(event, prevPS);\n            if (ps == null && stmt == null) {\n              stmt = this.conn.createStatement();\n            }\n          } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n            SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n                Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__1, null, event, eventString, this.logger,\n                true);\n            if (handler.breakTheLoop()) {\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n          if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n            logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: processing \"\n                + \"Bulk DML Event=\" + event);\n          }\n        }\n        if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n          if (eventString == null) {\n            eventString = event.toString();\n          }\n          logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: Statement=\"\n              + (ps!= null? ps : stmt) + \" for event=\" + eventString);\n        }\n        try {\n          int num;\n          if (evType.isBulkInsert()) {\n            if (prevPS!= null) {\n              try {\n                if (prevPSHasBatch) {\n                  prevPS.addBatch();\n                  if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n                    logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents executing \"\n                        + \"batch statement for prepared statement=\" + prevPS\n                        + \" for event=\" + prevEventStr);\n                  }\n                  final int[] res = prevPS.executeBatch();\n                  num = res.length;\n                  prevPSHasBatch = false;\n                }\n                else {\n                  num = prevPS.executeUpdate();\n                }\n                if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n                  logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents num rows \"\n                      + \"modified=\" + num + \" for prepared statement=\" + prevPS\n                      + \" for event=\" + prevEventStr);\n                }\n                helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(prevEvent);\n                if (observer!= null) {\n                  if (prevIsPKBased) {\n                    observer.afterPKBasedDBSynchExecution(prevEvent.getType(),\n                        num, prevPS);\n                  }\n                  else {\n                    observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(prevEvent.getType(),\n                        num, prevPS, prevEvent.getDMLString());\n                  }\n                }\n              } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n                if (prevPSHasBatch) {\n                  try {\n                    prevPS.clearBatch();\n                  } catch (SQLException e) {\n                    // ignored\n                  }\n                  prevPSHasBatch = false;\n                }\n                SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n                    Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__3, prevPS, prevEvent, prevEventStr,\n                    logger, false);\n                if (handler.breakTheLoop()) {\n                  break;\n                }\n              }\n            }\n            prevPS = null;\n            prevEvent = null;\n            prevPSHasBatch = false;\n            prevIsPKBased = false;\n            if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n              logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents executing batch \"\n                  + \"statement for bulk statement=\" + ps + \" for event=\"\n                  + eventString);\n            }\n            final int[] res = ps.executeBatch();\n            num = res.length;\n            helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(event);\n            if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n              logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents total num rows \"\n                  + \"modified=\" + num + \" for statement=\"\n                  + (evType.isBulkInsert()? ps : stmt) + \" for event=\"\n                  + eventString);\n            }\n            if (observer!= null) {\n              observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(evType, num,\n                  ps, event.getDMLString());\n            }\n          }\n          else {\n            if (prevPS!= null && prevPS!= ps) {\n              try {\n                if (prevPSHasBatch) {\n                  prevPS.addBatch();\n                  if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n                    logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents executing \"\n                        + \"batch statement for prepared statement=\" + prevPS\n                        + \" for event=\" + prevEventStr);\n                  }\n                  final int[] res = prevPS.executeBatch();\n                  num = res.length;\n                  prevPSHasBatch = false;\n                }\n                else {\n                  num = prevPS.executeUpdate();\n                }\n                if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n                  logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents total num rows \"\n                      + \"modified=\" + num + \" for prepared statement=\" + prevPS\n                      + \" for event=\" + prevEventStr);\n                }\n                helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(prevEvent);\n                if (observer!= null) {\n                  if (prevIsPKBased) {\n                    observer.afterPKBasedDBSynchExecution(prevEvent.getType(),\n                        num, prevPS);\n                  }\n                  else {\n                    observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(prevEvent.getType(),\n                        num, prevPS, prevEvent.getDMLString());\n                  }\n                }\n              } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n                if (prevPSHasBatch) {\n                  try {\n                    prevPS.clearBatch();\n                  } catch (SQLException e) {\n                    // ignored\n                  }\n                  prevPSHasBatch = false;\n                }\n                SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n                    Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__3, prevPS, prevEvent, prevEventStr,\n                    logger, false);\n                if (handler.breakTheLoop()) {\n                  break;\n                }\n                prevPS = null;\n                prevEvent = null;\n                prevPSHasBatch = false;\n                prevIsPKBased = false;\n              }\n            }\n            else if (prevPS!= null && ps!= null) {\n              prevPSHasBatch = true;\n              if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n                logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents added new row \"\n                    + \"as a batch for prepared statement=\" + ps + \" for event=\"\n                    + eventString);\n              }\n            }\n            if (ps == null) {\n              if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n                logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents executing \"\n                    + \"unprepared statement for event=\" + eventString);\n              }\n              final int n = stmt.executeUpdate(event.getDMLString());\n              if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n                logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents num rows \"\n                    + \"modified=\" + n + \" for statement=\" + stmt\n                    + \" for event=\" + eventString);\n              }\n              num = n;\n              helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(event);\n              if (observer!= null) {\n                observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(evType, num, stmt,\n                    event.getDMLString());\n              }\n            }\n            prevPS = ps;\n            prevEvent = event;\n            prevIsPKBased = isPKBased;\n          }\n        } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n          if (prevPS!= null && prevPSHasBatch) {\n            try {\n              prevPS.clearBatch();\n            } catch (SQLException e) {\n              // ignored\n            }\n          }\n          SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n              Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__3, ps!= null? ps : stmt, event,\n              eventString, logger, false);\n          if (handler.breakTheLoop()) {\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n\n      if (completedSucessfully) {\n        try {\n          if (helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n            if (listOfEventsString == null) {\n              listOfEventsString = events.toString();\n            }\n            logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: \"\n                + \"before commit of events=\" + listOfEventsString);\n          }\n          int num;\n          if (prevPSHasBatch) {\n            ps.addBatch();\n            if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n              logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents executing batch \"\n                  + \"statement for prepared statement=\" + ps + \" for event=\"\n                  + eventString);\n            }\n            final int[] res = ps.executeBatch();\n            num = res.length;\n            if (event!= null) {\n              helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(event);\n              if (observer!= null) {\n                if (isPKBased) {\n                  observer.afterPKBasedDBSynchExecution(evType, num, ps);\n                }\n                else {\n                  observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(evType, num, ps,\n                      event.getDMLString());\n                }\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          else if (ps!= null &&!evType.isBulkInsert()) {\n            num = ps.executeUpdate();\n            if (event!= null) {\n              helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(event);\n              if (observer!= null) {\n                if (isPKBased) {\n                  observer.afterPKBasedDBSynchExecution(evType, num, ps);\n                }\n                else {\n                  observer.afterBulkOpDBSynchExecution(evType, num, ps,\n                      event.getDMLString());\n                }\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          else {\n            num = 0;\n          }\n          helper.removeEventFromFailureMap(event);\n          if (traceDBSynchronizer || traceDBSynchronizerHA) {\n            if (ps!= null) {\n              logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents num rows modified=\"\n                  + num + \" for prepared statement=\" + ps + \" for event=\"\n                  + eventString);\n            }\n          }\n          this.conn.commit();\n          if (observer!= null) {\n            observer.afterCommitDBSynchExecution(events);\n          }\n          if (helper.logFineEnabled()) {\n            if (listOfEventsString == null) {\n              listOfEventsString = events.toString();\n            }\n            logger.fine(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: \"\n                + \"committed successfully for events=\" + listOfEventsString);\n          }\n        } catch (SQLException sqle) {\n\n          if (ps!= null && prevPSHasBatch) {\n            try {\n              ps.clearBatch();\n            } catch (SQLException e) {\n              // ignored\n            }\n          }\n\n          SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle,\n              Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__7, ps!= null? ps : stmt, event,\n              eventString, logger, true);\n          if (handler!= SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE) {\n            completedSucessfully = false;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n\n      if (logger!= null && logger.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)\n          &&!(event!= null && helper.skipFailureLogging(event))) {\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\n        if (event!= null) {\n          if (eventString == null) {\n            eventString = event.toString();\n          }\n          sb.append(\"[FAILED: \").append(eventString).append(\" ]\");\n        }\n        while (itr.hasNext()) {\n          sb.append(\"[ \").append(itr.next().toString()).append(\" ]\");\n        }\n        helper.logFormat(logger, Level.SEVERE, e, Gfxd_DB_SYNCHRONIZER__2,\n            sb.toString());\n      }\n      SqlExceptionHandler.CLEANUP.execute(this);\n      completedSucessfully = false;\n    }\n\n    if (completedSucessfully) {\n      flushErrorEventsToLog();\n    }    \n    \n    if (helper.traceExecute()) {\n      logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: processed \" + events.size()\n          + \" events, success=\" + completedSucessfully);\n    }\n\n    return completedSucessfully;\n  }\n  \n  private void flushErrorEventsToLog() {\n    Iterator<ErrorEvent> it = errorTriesMap.keySet().iterator();\n    while (it.hasNext()) {\n      ErrorEvent ee = it.next();\n      Object[] tries = errorTriesMap.get(ee);\n      if (tries!= null && tries[1]!= null) {\n        try {\n          helper.logEventError(ee.ev, (SQLException)tries[1]);\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n          if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {\n            helper.log(logger, Level.WARNING, e, e.getMessage());\n          }\n        }\n      }      \n    }\n    errorTriesMap.clear();\n  }\n@edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressWarnings(value = \"SQL_PREPARED_STATEMENT_GENERATED_FROM_NONCONSTANT_STRING\")\n  protected PreparedStatement getExecutablePrepStmntBulkOp(Event event,\n      PreparedStatement prevPS) throws SQLException {\n    String dmlString = event.getDMLString();\n    if (event.hasParameters() || (!this.skipIdentityColumns && event.tableHasAutogeneratedColumns())) {\n      if (!this.skipIdentityColumns && event.tableHasAutogeneratedColumns()\n          && event.getType().isBulkInsert()) {\n        dmlString = AsyncEventHelper.getInsertString(event.getTableName(),\n            event.getResultSetMetaData(), false);\n      }\n\n      PreparedStatement ps = this.bulkOpStmntMap.get(dmlString);\n      if (ps == null) {\n        if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n          logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::getExecutablePrepStmntBulkOp: \"\n              + \"preparing '\" + dmlString + \"' for event: \" + event);\n        }\n        ps = conn.prepareStatement(dmlString);\n        this.bulkOpStmntMap.put(dmlString, ps);\n      }\n      helper.setParamsInBulkPreparedStatement(event, event.getType(), ps,\n          prevPS, this);\n      return ps;\n    }\n    else {\n      return null;\n    }\n  }\n@edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressWarnings(value=\"SQL_PREPARED_STATEMENT_GENERATED_FROM_NONCONSTANT_STRING\")\n  protected PreparedStatement getExecutableInsertPrepStmntPKBased(Event pkEvent,\n      PreparedStatement prevPS) throws SQLException {\n    final String tableName = pkEvent.getTableName();\n    PreparedStatement ps = this.insertStmntMap.get(tableName);\n    final TableMetaData tableMetaData = pkEvent.getResultSetMetaData();\n    final boolean skipAutoGenCols = this.skipIdentityColumns \n        && pkEvent.tableHasAutogeneratedColumns(); \n    \n    if (ps == null || (tableMetaData!= this.metadataMap.get(tableName))) {\n      final String dmlString = AsyncEventHelper.getInsertString(tableName,\n          tableMetaData, skipAutoGenCols);\n      if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n        logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::getExecutableInsertPrepStmntPKBased: \"\n            + \"preparing '\" + dmlString + \"' for event: \" + pkEvent);\n      }\n      ps = conn.prepareStatement(dmlString);\n      this.insertStmntMap.put(tableName, ps);\n      this.metadataMap.put(tableName, tableMetaData);\n    }\n    else if (prevPS == ps) {\n      ps.addBatch();\n    }\n    final ResultSet row = pkEvent.getNewRowsAsResultSet();\n    int paramIndex = 1; \n    for (int colIdx = 1; colIdx <= tableMetaData.getColumnCount(); colIdx++) {\n      if (!skipAutoGenCols ||!tableMetaData.isAutoIncrement(colIdx)) { \n        helper.setColumnInPrepStatement(tableMetaData.getColumnType(colIdx), \n            ps, row, colIdx, paramIndex, this); \n        paramIndex++; \n      }\n    }\n    return ps;\n  }\n@edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressWarnings(value=\"SQL_PREPARED_STATEMENT_GENERATED_FROM_NONCONSTANT_STRING\")\n  protected PreparedStatement getExecutableDeletePrepStmntPKBased(Event pkEvent,\n      PreparedStatement prevPS) throws SQLException {\n\n    final String tableName = pkEvent.getTableName();\n    PreparedStatement ps = this.deleteStmntMap.get(tableName);\n    final ResultSet pkResultSet = pkEvent.getPrimaryKeysAsResultSet();\n    final ResultSetMetaData pkMetaData = pkResultSet.getMetaData();\n    if (ps == null || pkMetaData!= this.pkMetadataMap.get(tableName)) {\n      final String dmlString = AsyncEventHelper\n         .getDeleteString(tableName, pkMetaData);\n      if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n        logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::getExecutableInsertPrepStmntPKBased: \"\n            + \"preparing '\" + dmlString + \"' for event: \" + pkEvent);\n      }\n      ps = conn.prepareStatement(dmlString);\n      this.deleteStmntMap.put(tableName, ps);\n      this.pkMetadataMap.put(tableName, pkMetaData);\n    }\n    else if (prevPS == ps) {\n      ps.addBatch();\n    }\n    setKeysInPrepStatement(pkResultSet, pkMetaData, ps, 1);\n    return ps;\n  }\n@edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressWarnings(value=\"SQL_PREPARED_STATEMENT_GENERATED_FROM_NONCONSTANT_STRING\")\n  protected PreparedStatement getExecutableUpdatePrepStmntPKBased(Event pkEvent,\n      PreparedStatement prevPS) throws SQLException {\n    final String tableName = pkEvent.getTableName();\n    final ResultSet updatedRow = pkEvent.getNewRowsAsResultSet();\n    final TableMetaData updateMetaData = (TableMetaData)updatedRow\n       .getMetaData();\n    final int numUpdatedCols = updateMetaData.getColumnCount();\n    StringBuilder searchKeyBuff = new StringBuilder(tableName);\n    int paramIndex;\n    for (paramIndex = 1; paramIndex <= numUpdatedCols; paramIndex++) {\n      searchKeyBuff.append('_');\n      searchKeyBuff.append(updateMetaData.getTableColumnPosition(paramIndex));\n    }\n    String searchKey = searchKeyBuff.toString();\n    final ResultSet pkValues = pkEvent.getPrimaryKeysAsResultSet();\n    final ResultSetMetaData pkMetaData = pkValues.getMetaData();\n    PreparedStatement ps = this.updtStmntMap.get(searchKey);\n    if (ps == null || pkMetaData!= this.pkMetadataMap.get(tableName)) {\n      final String dmlString = AsyncEventHelper.getUpdateString(tableName,\n          pkMetaData, updateMetaData);\n      if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n        logger.info(\"DBSynchronizer::getExecutableInsertPrepStmntPKBased: \"\n            + \"preparing '\" + dmlString + \"' for event: \" + pkEvent);\n      }\n      ps = conn.prepareStatement(dmlString);\n      this.updtStmntMap.put(searchKey, ps);\n      this.pkMetadataMap.put(tableName, pkMetaData);\n    }\n    else if (prevPS == ps) {\n      ps.addBatch();\n    }\n    for (paramIndex = 1; paramIndex <= numUpdatedCols; paramIndex++) {\n      helper.setColumnInPrepStatement(updateMetaData.getColumnType(paramIndex),\n          ps, updatedRow, paramIndex, paramIndex, this);\n    }\n    // Now set the Pk values\n    setKeysInPrepStatement(pkValues, pkMetaData, ps, paramIndex);\n    return ps;\n  }\nprotected void setKeysInPrepStatement(final ResultSet pkValues,\n      final ResultSetMetaData pkMetaData, final PreparedStatement ps,\n      int startIndex) throws SQLException {\n    final int numKeyCols = pkMetaData.getColumnCount();\n    if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder()\n         .append(\"DBSynchronizer::setKeysInPrepStatement: setting key {\");\n      for (int col = 1; col <= numKeyCols; col++) {\n        if (col > 1) {\n          sb.append(',');\n        }\n        sb.append(pkValues.getObject(col));\n      }\n      sb.append('}');\n      logger.info(sb.toString());\n    }\n    for (int colIndex = 1; colIndex <= numKeyCols; colIndex++, startIndex++) {\n      helper.setColumnInPrepStatement(pkMetaData.getColumnType(colIndex), ps,\n          pkValues, colIndex, startIndex, this);\n    }\n  }\nprotected SqlExceptionHandler handleSQLException(SQLException sqle) {\n    String sqlState = sqle.getSQLState();\n    if (sqlState == null) {\n      if (sqle instanceof BatchUpdateException\n          && sqle.getNextException()!= null) {\n        sqlState = \"42Y96\";\n      }\n      else {\n        try {\n          synchronized (this) {\n            if (this.conn == null || this.conn.isClosed()) {\n              return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n            }\n          }\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n          return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n        }\n        return checkExceptionString(sqle.toString().toLowerCase(),\n            SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH);\n      }\n    }\n    SqlExceptionHandler handler = checkExceptionType(sqle);\n    if (handler!= null) {\n      return handler;\n    }\n    if (sqlState.startsWith(AsyncEventHelper.INTEGRITY_VIOLATION_PREFIX)\n        || sqlState.startsWith(\"25\")) {\n      return SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n    }\n    else if (sqlState.startsWith(AsyncEventHelper.LSE_COMPILATION_PREFIX)\n        || sqlState.startsWith(\"22\")\n) {\n      // if numErrorTries is defined, then retry some number of times else\n      return this.numErrorTries > 0? SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE_BREAK_LOOP\n          : SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n    }\n    else if (sqlState.startsWith(AsyncEventHelper.CONNECTIVITY_PREFIX)) {\n      return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n    }\n    else if (sqlState.startsWith(\"40\")) {\n      return SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE_BREAK_LOOP;\n    }\n    else {\n      if (sqle instanceof BatchUpdateException\n          && sqle.getNextException()!= null) {\n        return handleSQLException(sqle.getNextException());\n      }\n      try {\n        synchronized (this) {\n          if (this.conn == null || this.conn.isClosed()) {\n            return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n          }\n        }\n      } catch (Exception e) {\n        return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n      }\n      return checkExceptionString(sqle.toString().toLowerCase(),\n          SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH);\n    }\n  }\n  \n  protected SqlExceptionHandler checkExceptionType(SQLException sqle) {\n    if (sqle!= null) {\n      if (sqle instanceof SQLNonTransientConnectionException) {\n        return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n      }\n      if (sqle instanceof SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException) {\n        return SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n      }\n      if (sqle instanceof SQLNonTransientException) {\n        // if numErrorTries is defined, then retry some number of times else\n        return this.numErrorTries > 0? SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE_BREAK_LOOP\n            : SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n      }\n      if (sqle instanceof SQLTransientException) {\n        return SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE_BREAK_LOOP;\n      }\n      if (sqle instanceof BatchUpdateException) {\n        return checkExceptionType(sqle.getNextException());\n      }\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  protected SqlExceptionHandler checkExceptionString(String message,\n      SqlExceptionHandler defaultHandler) {\n    if (message.contains(\"constraint\")) {\n      return SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n    }\n    else if (message.contains(\"syntax\")) {\n      // if numErrorTries is defined, then retry some number of times else\n      return this.numErrorTries > 0? SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE_BREAK_LOOP\n          : SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n    }\n    else if (message.contains(\"connect\")) {\n      return SqlExceptionHandler.REFRESH;\n    }\n    else {\n      return defaultHandler;\n    }\n  }\nprotected SqlExceptionHandler handleSQLException(SQLException sqle,\n      String format, Statement stmt, Event event, String eventString,\n      Logger logger, boolean logWarning) throws SQLException {\n    SqlExceptionHandler handler = handleSQLException(sqle);\n    \n    if (event!= null && this.numErrorTries > 0) {\n      \n      ErrorEvent ee = new ErrorEvent();\n      ee.ev = event;\n      ee.errortime = System.currentTimeMillis();\n      Object[] tries = this.errorTriesMap.get(ee);\n\n      if (tries!= null) {\n        Integer numTries = (Integer)tries[0];\n        if (numTries >= this.numErrorTries) {\n          handler = SqlExceptionHandler.IGNORE;\n          logWarning = false;\n        }\n        tries[0] = Integer.valueOf(numTries.intValue() + 1);\n        tries[1] = sqle;\n      }\n      else {\n        this.errorTriesMap.put(ee, new Object[] { 1, sqle });\n      }\n    }\n    \n    boolean skipLogging = false;\n    if (event!= null && (logWarning || traceDBSynchronizer)) {\n      skipLogging = helper.skipFailureLogging(event);\n      if (eventString == null) {\n        eventString = event.toString();\n      }\n    }\n    if (!skipLogging) {\n      if (logWarning) {\n        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {\n          helper.logFormat(logger, Level.WARNING, sqle, format, eventString,\n              sqle);\n          SQLException next = sqle.getNextException();\n          if (next!= null) {\n            helper.logFormat(logger, Level.WARNING, next, format, eventString,\n                sqle.getNextException());\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      if (traceDBSynchronizer) {\n        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {\n          String stmtStr = (stmt!= null? (\"executing statement=\" + stmt)\n              : \"preparing statement\");\n          helper.log(logger, Level.WARNING, sqle, \"DBSynchronizer::\"\n              + \"processEvents: Exception while \" + stmtStr + \" for event=\"\n              + eventString);\n          if (sqle.getNextException()!= null) {\n            helper.log(logger, Level.WARNING, sqle.getNextException(),\n                \"DBSynchronizer::processEvents: next exception\");\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    handler.execute(this);\n    return handler;\n  }\n\n  @Override\n  public synchronized void start() {\n    if (this.shutDown) {\n      this.instantiateConnection();\n    }\n  }\nprotected final boolean skipIdentityColumns() {\n    return this.skipIdentityColumns;\n  }\n}\n\nHow does the DBSynchronizer class handle SQL exceptions that occur during processing?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "068f49f234a341ad9fe201072720c416", "conversation_index": 830566, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1124, "prompt": "I am providing you with information about a video, which is inputted in the following format: ['object', x, y, z, t]… This information represents objects and their corresponding 3D coordinates in the video. The coordinates x, y, and z indicate spatial positions, where x and y represent the coordinates on the viewing plane, and z represents the depth coordinate in the view. The variable t indicates time in seconds. Based on your understanding, please tell me what is the most likely conclusion - whether there's been a traffic accident or not.\n['person', 336, 408, 327, 30], ['car', 1204, 389, 547, 30], ['person', 1131, 478, 529, 30], ['person', 899, 467, 430, 30], ['person', 861, 408, 423, 30], ['car', 404, 399, 339, 30], ['truck', 747, 389, 412, 30], ['car', 468, 398, 349, 30], ['person', 683, 472, 463, 31], ['person', 845, 495, 479, 31], ['motorcycle', 383, 435, 387, 31], ['car', 587, 417, 430, 31], ['person', 377, 423, 386, 31], ['car', 909, 405, 473, 31], ['car', 433, 411, 392, 31], ['person', 969, 493, 493, 31], ['suitcase', 682, 605, 459, 31], ['car', 1090, 394, 491, 31], ['person', 887, 412, 473, 31], ['person', 730, 465, 402, 32], ['person', 895, 511, 428, 32], ['person', 418, 425, 325, 32], ['motorcycle', 422, 441, 325, 32], ['car', 625, 424, 373, 32], ['car', 461, 417, 330, 32], ['person', 1045, 515, 445, 32], ['person', 755, 493, 378, 33], ['person', 469, 417, 302, 33], ['car', 692, 413, 357, 33], ['person', 956, 496, 403, 33], ['car', 338, 410, 278, 33], ['car', 389, 409, 288, 33], ['motorcycle', 475, 439, 303, 33], ['person', 519, 418, 263, 34], ['car', 748, 411, 308, 34], ['motorcycle', 523, 434, 264, 34], ['car', 876, 401, 326, 34], ['person', 1153, 505, 412, 34], ['suitcase', 870, 583, 337, 34], ['car', 636, 408, 288, 34], ['car', 332, 410, 238, 34], ['person', 521, 420, 264, 34], ['car', 459, 407, 255, 34], ['motorcycle', 716, 530, 270, 35], ['motorcycle', 573, 434, 236, 35], ['person', 1159, 502, 428, 35], ['person', 570, 415, 237, 35], ['truck', 663, 395, 262, 35], ['car', 800, 408, 293, 35], ['car', 327, 407, 187, 35], ['person', 983, 474, 318, 35], ['car', 867, 398, 300, 35], ['motorcycle', 1095, 575, 376, 35], ['car', 817, 411, 295, 35], ['car', 426, 405, 210, 35], ['car', 386, 404, 203, 35], ['car', 875, 399, 301, 35], ['person', 1002, 480, 370, 36], ['person', 1160, 506, 441, 36], ['motorcycle', 612, 446, 283, 36], ['person', 609, 427, 281, 36], ['person', 920, 490, 363, 36], ['truck', 704, 406, 311, 36], ['car', 388, 417, 238, 36], ['motorcycle', 757, 554, 338, 36], ['car', 843, 421, 346, 36],"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "11bd8d06a13e461b9534215a01d2f916", "conversation_index": 1217, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 899, "prompt": "Please refactor this JavaScript code:\n\nconst validator = require(\"validator\");\nconst usStates = ['VA', 'WV', 'AL', 'AK', 'AZ', 'AR', 'CA', 'CO', 'CT', 'DE', 'DC', 'FL', 'GA', 'HI', 'ID', 'IL', 'IN', 'IA', 'KS', 'KY', 'LA', 'ME', 'MD', 'MA', 'MI', 'MN', 'MS', 'MO', 'MT', 'NE', 'NV', 'NH', 'NJ', 'NM', 'NY', 'NC', 'ND', 'OH', 'OK', 'OR', 'PA', 'RI', 'SC', 'SD', 'TN', 'TX', 'UT', 'VT', 'WA', 'WI', 'WY', 'AS', 'GU', 'MP', 'PR', 'UM', 'VI'];\nconst caProviences = ['ON', 'NS', 'NB', 'MB', 'BC', 'PE', 'SK', 'AB', 'NL', 'QC'];\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  equalStrings: (str1, str2) => {\n    str1 = str1 + \"\";\n    str2 = str2 + \"\";\n\n    str1 = str1.trim().toLowerCase();\n    str2 = str2.trim().toLowerCase();\n    return str1 === str2;\n  },\n\n  validDateFormat: (date) => {\n    const reg = new RegExp(\"^(1|2){1}[0-9]{3}[-]{1}[0-9]{2}[-]{1}[0-9]{2}$\", \"gi\");\n    return reg.test(date);\n  },\n\n  dateIsOnOrAfter_May_21_2012: (date) => {\n    const may_21_2012 = new Date(2012, 5 - 1, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0);\n\n    return date.getTime() >= may_21_2012.getTime();\n  },\n\n  dateDifferenceInMonths: (date1, date2, roundUp) => {\n    var date1Y = date1.getFullYear();\n    var date1M = date1.getMonth() + 1;\n    var date1D = date1.getDate();\n    var date2Y = date2.getFullYear();\n    var date2M = date2.getMonth() + 1;\n    var date2D = date2.getDate();\n\n    const dayDifference = date2D - date1D;\n    let monthsDifferent = (date2Y - date1Y) * 12 + (date2M - date1M);\n\n    if (dayDifference < 0) {\n      monthsDifferent += -1;\n    } else if (dayDifference > 0) {\n      monthsDifferent += 1;\n    }\n    return monthsDifferent;\n  },\n\n  dateDifferenceInYears: (date1, date2) => {\n    var date1Y = date1.getFullYear();\n    var date1M = date1.getMonth() + 1;\n    var date1D = date1.getDate();\n    var date2Y = date2.getFullYear();\n    var date2M = date2.getMonth() + 1;\n    var date2D = date2.getDate();\n\n    const dayDifference = date2D - date1D;\n    const monthsDifferent =\n      (date2Y - date1Y) * 12 + (date2M - date1M) + (dayDifference < 0 ? -1 : 0);\n\n    return Math.floor(monthsDifferent / 12);\n  },\n\n  isFutureDate: (date) => {\n    const currentDate = new Date();\n    const currentMiliSec = currentDate.getTime();\n    const dMiliSec = date.getTime();\n    return dMiliSec > currentMiliSec;\n  },\n\n  dateComparison: (date1, date2, operator) => {\n    const milliSec1 = date1.getTime();\n    const milliSec2 = date2.getTime();\n    switch (operator) {\n      case \"=\":\n        return milliSec1 === milliSec2;\n        break;\n\n      case \"<\":\n        return milliSec1 < milliSec2;\n        break;\n\n    "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ef54450b89ef4c31ad5b6d32f2b129ea", "conversation_index": 624243, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 968, "prompt": "\\n\\n类型 \\n\\n牌号(1) \\n\\n碳钢及合\\n金钢 \\n\\n马氏体型 \\n不锈钢 \\n\\nC 45 E / C 45 R (45) \\n42 CrMo 4 (42CrMoE) (2) \\n42 CDV 4 (40CrMoV) (3) \\nX6 CrNiMo 16-04(4)(5) \\nX12 CrNiMoV 12-3 \\n(10CrNi12Mo2VN) (5)(6) \\nX12 Cr 13 (12Cr13) \\n\\n奥氏体型 \\n不锈钢 \\n\\nX12 CrNi 13 \\nZ6 CN 18-10 (06Cr19Ni10) (5) \\nZ6 CND 17-12(06Cr17Ni12Mo2) (5) \\n\\nC \\n\\nSi \\n\\nMn \\n\\nP \\n\\nS \\n\\n化学成分 \\nCr \\n\\n0.42~0.50 \\n\\n≤ 0.40 \\n\\n0.50~0.80  ≤0.030 \\n\\n≤0.035 \\n\\n≤ 0.40 \\n\\n0.38~0.48  0.10~0.40  0.75~1.00  ≤0.025 \\n\\n≤0.015 \\n\\n0.80~1.15 \\n\\n0.36~0.44  0.20~0.35  0.45~0.70  ≤0.025 \\n\\n≤0.015 \\n\\n0.80~1.15 \\n\\nNi \\n\\n≤ 0.40 \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\nMo \\n\\n≤ 0.10 \\n\\n0.15~0.30 \\n\\n0.50~0.65 \\n\\n≤ 0.07 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.50 \\n\\n≤0.025 \\n\\n≤0.020  15.00~17.00 \\n\\n3.50~5.00 \\n\\n0.70~1.50 \\n\\n0.08~0.15 \\n\\n≤ 0.35 \\n\\n0.50~0.90  ≤0.025 \\n\\n≤0.015  11.00~12.50 \\n\\n2.00~3.00 \\n\\n1.50~2.00 \\n\\n0.08~0.15 \\n\\n0.08~0.15 \\n\\n≤ 0.08 \\n\\n≤ 0.08 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 1.00 \\n\\n≤ 2.00 \\n\\n≤ 2.00 \\n\\n≤0.030 \\n\\n≤0.030  11.50~13.50 \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n≤0.030 \\n\\n≤0.020  11.50~13.50 \\n\\n0.50~1.00 \\n\\n≤ 0.60 \\n\\n≤0.030 \\n\\n≤0.015  17.00~20.00 \\n\\n8.00~12.00 \\n\\n--- \\n\\n≤0.030 \\n\\n≤0.015  16.00~19.00  10.00~14.00 \\n\\n2.00~2.50 \\n\\nCu \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\n--- \\n\\nX6 NiCrTiMoVB 25-15-2 \\n(06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB) (5) \\n\\nX6CrNiCu 17-04 \\n(05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb) (4)(5) \\nX6CrNiCuMo15-04 (4)(5) \\n\\n时效硬化\\n型 \\n不锈钢 \\n\\n\n\n根据以上内容，牌号42CDV4的类型是什么"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "228f41c94f1a42c8bc13fc79fba87192", "conversation_index": 600647, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1299, "prompt": "## MAIN TEXT\n\nDitta\n\nMOLTI S.R.L.\nAutorizzazione numerazione unitaria n.12587  del 21/01/2009\nVoce/i di tariffa 2548\nVIA CORFU' &6 BRESCIA\nCod.fiscale : 12548225584 Fogfioîfi=44545\n[ MESE RETRIBUITO TOD. A7 | COD. | MATR INPS AZIENDA | POSIZIONE INAIL CODICE COGNOME E NOME DATA ASSUNZ. | SUAD, DOC. | SCATTI ANZ.\n-É ss rai zz ‘ FIL |\nMAGGIO 2022 1381 | 2 | 5656565506/ 04545054 40 2 | mariolo rossolo 22/03/21 04/24\nCODICE FISCALE | COMUNE DI RESIDENZA DATA DI NAS. DATA ASS. CONV. | SITUAZIONE ANF DATA CESSAZIONE GG. CONTR.| ORE.CONTR.\nmrorss4507b555D§ BRESCIA 07/64/00 |22/03/21 26 168,00\nTOUAL. | QUALIFICA —T CENTRO DI COSTO T REPARTO S P.TIME | CARTEL. LIVELLO. | COD LIV, |\n42 | SVILUPPAT. INFORMA 50,00 ! 4 4\nATT PAGA BASE CONT I NG l ! ' ELEM Î KE iK 1.)KRK‘L>'-\\ CUNITR. RE UK, GRIKN, CLNT\n1.840,46 450,22 8,78 9,56055 62,51\nPREC.\n4.258,46 524,22 8,78\nRETRIB, DI FATTO\nATT\n1.625,46\nPREC.\nÎÎIÎÎÌ;;CÎ ''''''' DESCRIZIONE ORE/GIORNI | BASE COMPETENZE TRATTENUTE STATISTICHE ore lavorale | sigla| quantità isigla | quaniita | sigla] quantita\n?002 LAVORO ORDINARIO (giorni) 26,00 5650,400 812,73 1 R F\nC‘l 24 | FESTIVITA' non goduta 1,00 26,56005 31,26 21 4,00\n714 | ESON.CONTR.0,80% L.234/21 01/2022 6,50 31 4,00\n9714 | ESON.CONTR.O,80% L.234/21 02/2022 6,50 1) 4,00\n9714 | ESON.CONTR.0,80% L.234/21 03/2022 6,50 s| 4,00\n9714 | ESON.CONTR.0,80% L.234/21 04/2022 6,50 61 4,00\n18992 | TRATTAMENTO INT. DL 3/20 101,92 7\n9714 | ESON.CONTR.0,80% L.234/21 05/2022 6.75 8\n9117 | RATA ADDIZ .REGIONALE A.P. 9,27 91 4,00\ni 4,00 |\ng 111 4,00 |\n: 2| 4,00\n3 13| 4,00\nì 14 Z\n2\nLÉ 15 R\n£ 16| 4,00\n;È i7] 4,00\n=\nÈ 18] 4,00\n‘g 19| 4,00\nS 200 4,00\n©\n% 21 7\nì TOTALE LORDO IMPON. CONTR. SOC CONTRIBUTO 1 | CONTRIBUTO 2 ÈCONTEÉUTUR CONTRIBUTO 4 ÈCUNTQMÙÎÒÈ”““'îfiîîîîìfiîîfiîf‘\"\"éz R\nè | |\n% 450,99 455,00 454,56 î .40 2,00 79,96 || 4,00\n“2T IMP_T.S_ANTE 2001 IRPEF IMP. T.S. TFR 2001 [ IRPEF NETTA IRPEF SU RIVAL | IRPEF GIA PAG. | TOT. TRAT. IRPEF 1.S. |\n= | 241 4, 00 |\nÈ | 251 4,00\n2 “IMP. T.SS ARR. A.P. % IRPEF A.P. ONERI DEDUCIBILI IMP. IRPEF IRPEF LORDA TOT. DETR. | TOT. TRAT. IRPEF 26 4 00\n2 :\n3 797.18 183.35 159.67 23,68 {271 4,00\nÉ ACCONTO RATA PRESTITO Î’ÈÉEÎÌTÈ\"ÉÈÌ'H‘Q TRATT. SINDAC. ! COVELCO | ARR. PREC. TRAT. CORPO TOT. TRATTENUTE 28 7\nY |\nÉ 0,79 9,27 113,70 |20 R\nPROGR. ON.DED. | PROG. IMP. IRPEF __ IMP_IRPEF ANNUO — [PROGR. DETR. IRPEF | PROGR. RIT. IRPEF JADDIZIONALE IRPEF CONGUAGUO IRPEF +/- |,\nCONGUAGLIO 300 4,00\nFINE ANNO\nCESS. RAPP. 31] 4,00\n@| IRPEF ERARIO ADDIZ. REGIONALE ADDIZ, COMUNALE ARR. ATTUALE NETTO BUSTA\n& _ SIGEA DESCRIZIONE\nE | 0,04"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "479358ab3a7f49499905bc15d99d878d", "conversation_index": 726805, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1143, "prompt": "organize esse codigo\n43:1802@000000|Discovery H&H\n46:1802@000000|ESPN\n47:1802@000000|Band Sports\n71:1802@000000|HBO2\n83:1802@000000|FX\n86:1802@000000|Canal Sony\n93:1802@000000|Woohoo\n105:1802@000000|History 2\n107:1802@000000|Nickelodeon\n110:1802@000000|Discovery Turbo\n121:1802@000000|National Geographic\n123:1802@000000|ID - Investigação\n124:1802@000000|TLC\n140:1802@000000|Band News\n188:1802@000000|Premiere 2\n208:1802@000000|Nosso Futebol 4\n321:1802@000000|Record TV Alternativo\n397:1802@000000|Premiere Clubes\n426:1802@000000|SBT\n801:1802@000000|Teste 001\n41:1802@000000|GNT\n72:1802@000000|HBO Family\n87:1802@000000|A&E\n96:1802@000000|Cartoonito\n98:1802@000000|Canal Rural\n102:1802@000000|Disney\n106:1802@000000|Nick Jr\n108:1802@000000|TV Rá tim bum\n109:1802@000000|Terra Viva\n116:1802@000000|TNT Novelas\n122:1802@000000|Animal Planet\n125:1802@000000|RIT\n127:1802@000000|RBI\n137:1802@000000|I-SAT\n156:1802@000000|NHK\n159:1802@000000|Curta!\n173:1802@000000|Rádio Canção Nova AM\n176:1802@000000|Polishop TV\n226:1802@000000|Rádio BandNews FM\n230:1802@000000|Rádio Cultura FM\n231:1802@000000|Rádio Cultura AM\n370:1802@000000|TV EXEC\n402:1802@000000|Premiere 4\n403:1802@000000|Canção Nova\n528:1802@000000|Polishop TV\n800:1802@000000|TVTEC\n805:1802@000000|Teste 05\n42:1802@000000|Multishow\n52:1802@000000|Fish TV\n58:1802@000000|Space\n64:1802@000000|Telecine Pipoca\n77:1802@000000|HBO MUNDI\n81:1802@000000|Studio Universal\n92:1802@000000|Comedy Central\n118:1802@000000|Play TV\n142:1802@000000|TNT Séries\n160:1802@000000|TV Justiça\n161:1802@000000|TV Senado\n162:1802@000000|TV Câmara\n163:1802@000000|Canal Comunitário\n164:1802@000000|TV Brasil\n199:1802@000000|Canal Educação - MEC\n233:1802@000000|Paramount+ 3\n234:1802@000000|Paramount+ 4\n401:1802@000000|Premiere 3\n425:1802@000000|TV Brasil 2\n852:1802@000000|Canal Claro\n34:1802@000000|Fox Sports 2\n38:1802@000000|SporTV 2\n40:1802@000000|GloboNews\n45:1802@000000|ESPN 2\n59:1802@000000|TNT\n65:1802@000000|Telecine Cult\n66:1802@000000|Boa Vontade TV\n68:1802@000000|Prime Box Brazil\n76:1802@000000|HBO Signature\n84:1802@000000|AXN\n90:1802@000000|Rede\n112:1802@000000|CNN Español\n129:1802@000000|Rede Brasil\n130:1802@000000|Arte 1\n135:1802@000000|RECORDTV\n143:1802@000000|Universal TV\n152:1802@000000|TV5 Monde\n187:1802@000000|Premiere 5\n232:1802@000000|Paramount+ 2\n235:1802@000000|Nosso Futebol Eventual\n423:1802@000000|TV Cultura\n696:1802@000000|Boa Vontade TV\n35:1802@000000|Food Network\n39:1802@000000|SporTV\n49:1802@000000|Paramount Network\n51:1802@000000|OFF\n61:1802@000000|Telecine Premium\n63:1802@000000|Tele"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "43633aa28c718024c4969d4b0c60b5ecefcdcdf918e1aaae", "conversation_index": 4682, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 12343, "prompt": "Individuals almost certainly gained’t materialize immediate enough, and by yourself’ll be out of the recreation inside of no interval at all. The interval has to be proper and the story has to be genuine. If these companies did not use music in promoting, maybe they will not be as large as they’re right now. The pages are chock stuffed with concepts for generating passive income, tips for progressive marketing and case research from different profitable companies. When they go home, they discuss to their dad and mom, kinfolk, classmates and alternate ideas. What we’ll do for you is talk about some strong particulars regarding Website Visitors, and you will have the ability to have a firm grasp of what to do next. He stops by the nighttime supervisor for a speak and retires dwelling for the night time. Since advertising and marketing go hand in hand, an advertising and marketing manager often has a strong background in both areas. What are the skills Needed to Be a very Good Manager? What transferable expertise did you achieve by way of neighborhood motion and volunteering?\nDo you possess the skills and the experience to lead a sales crew? Assess the agency’s team to know if they will carry out all content marketing capabilities properly. Writer: Jonathan Fraiser Content writers are individuals who provide text content for web sites or different mediums. Publisher: Greg Goris Don’t you would like that someone would just give us the key formula to article marketing? However finding your individual technique or your personal combination of fortunate numbers is something that’s fun to do and someone has to win, so it may as properly be you. No person can ever take over their properly established status, for they are being nobody but themselves. This makes for great job prospects, profession opportunities and very exciting occasions forward for future as well as current radiologists. It’s an incredible approach to get them concerned via an action which can mean they’re even more all for studying what you will have to tell them.\nCertainly one of the same hospital jobs that’s looked up to with nice admiration is that of an Obstetrician. Kathryn Lively is a contract writer specializing in articles on jobs in Virginia Seashore and Virginia internet design. Most of the customers will judge a product depending on how it has been represented in the online. You can easily create a site that opinions this product and offers a better studying experience and better-quality evaluation. Making use of key phrases that join along with your product or service might assist the major search engines find your internet site less complicated. Read Google’s Matt Minimize’s blog, problogger.net and search Google on completely totally different other SEO matters. Read on to find out details about the typical salaries received by legal professionals and elements that decide the salary vary. Throughout the process, the Dental Assistant will clear out the dental patient’s mouth, modify the chair, move the lights, and anything that could make the experience better with regard to the affected person.\nPublisher: Alisha Gupta Silverlight application improvement supplies higher consumer experience by simply interacting with the prevailing internet applications. Explore this text and learn which one is better Linux or Windows XP. The Infrastructure for Windows eight.1 Portable Units, through which media and storage units talk with one another, inclusive of these which help the Media Switch Protocol. Cellphones, emails, social media avenues, and text massaging are common platforms utilized by cyber bullies to conduct their wicked actions. Some electronic mail shoppers like Gmail display this initial text proper after the topic line, and it’s an efficient method of getting the reader’s attention. Banner ads, one line textual content links and bigger graphic advertisements on websites and in newsletters are one way to promote. Writer: lexoremman Are you on the lookout for a enjoyable approach to prepare your marriage ceremony pictures or photos of your child? Understanding that it’s time consuming and a ache to accumulate sound authorized recommendation and paperwork, Daniel Tan has gone out of his means to accumulate these two paperwork, which represent an impartial contractors agreement and a services agreement. Outsourcing corporations in India deal with world class outsourcing providers to promote the enterprise revenue. This may end result in additional profit through sales and referrals.\nPublisher: Ian Donovan If you understand tips on how to download ipad software program, you’ll be capable to fill your Apple gadget with some of the most effective and most exciting packages within the web immediately. Publisher: Ellisa Brenneman Whenever I’m discussing my philosophies on the purpose of hiring a mentor service, I typically notice an elephant within the room that nobody desires to address: Simply what the heck IS a mentor anyway? Writer: Michael Martin Job interviews are an important part of the hiring course of. Publisher: Alex Diamond What is happening to me? Writer: Puneet Gupta Social media marketing has opened up quite a few avenues for marketers to follow a appropriate roadmap whereas carrying out online promotion of their services and products. The internet is extremely appreciable, and quite a few web entrepreneurs feel as if they need to cover the entire internet utilizing their brand. WV Writing Providers is a pacesetter in offering an reasonably priced seo marketing strategy and SEO services to tons of of marketers all around the world. Publisher: John Hendricks To get written unique webpage content material, try and take help from content material writing providers.\nThe Chemical Communications Assn. whose members were 60 corporate, agency individuals and editors within the chemical trade. Most video locations embody weblog-embedding code so folks can do that very factor, and there is not any reason at all not to do so. Alternatively, can be video clips about your ” special ” promotions and particular refreshes.Movies posted in on-line blogs to be able to more about updates, information and distinctive. When you think your shoppers would actually prefer to sustain with the occasions of your organization, as well as your promotions and upcoming affords, a weblog is a terrific approach to unfold the term. By reviewing your efficiency commonly and setting interim objectives, you can keep your marketing efforts in line along with your long-time period plan. This form of marketing goals at selling items and services of a company to the potential customers. U.S. dollars, down thirteen.1%; shopper goods imported 1.86 billion U.S.\nGetting them to jot down it twice helps reduce down on missed opportunities on account of typos. By dividing your key phrases into small, manageable groups of related keywords, you’ll lower down in your workload (considerably), while still creating focused, particular pages. This kind of focused training develops a delegate’s knowledge and abilities to the purpose the place they will face the media with confidence, whether or not they’re readying themselves for a specific launch or there is a big story quickly to break. As Social media internet web sites which embrace Twitter and Fb incorporate generated a whirlpool inside of the realm of “immediate” form of dialog the panorama of cyber probability is as effectively important in route of receive a refreshing dimension. In the long term, such small media exposure will increase the visibility of the model and benefits will begin accruing. Natural visitors is, by far, the best way to increase visitors and gross sales conversions long term. Are you in search of an actionable recreation plan to make sure that you’ll enhance the profit of your recruitment business? Many of the reputed recruitment or HR businesses aim to facilitate job seekers by providing high quality and reliable employment alternatives. 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Click on the following link if you’ll you like to study more about marketing your online community marketing business. Properly, it’s yet yet one more super vital piece of knowledge. You need to search out one that after individuals ask you the way a lot it is, you can say, nothing! While smart phone customers are on the rise, companies on the web are realizing that marketing to know-how based individuals requires correct internet marketing. Answer questions in your subject wherever you may on the internet.\nI ultimately found the perfect reply for all my troubles – close by Seo. Seo or SEO is the artwork, craft, and science of driving internet traffic to web sites. Why use the free SEO Toolkit? Why don’t you learn this diamond gamer evaluate now? Now that we’ve got highlighted all the required expertise in a sales manager, you could pop yourself the golden query. The concept of one’s personal tradition is now in a period of change as a result of globalization. We listen your concept / idea about your dreamed enterprise & assist you to to develop, plan,execute the issues so you may see your dream of entrepreneurship in actuality. Writer: katrinaaa the article is written to assist consumer to resolve the problem of converting rmvb to ipad.From this article, you can get step-by-step tutorial on how to convert rmvb to ipad. A glimpse into the keys to the kingdom exist in the article you might be reading.\nThey will help in the promoting of websites, weblogs, online catalogs, as well as other such solutions that the business might use to additional promote their enterprise on the internet. However, a company focusing on software development ought to reasonably focus its work in that line and offer all forms of software solutions to clients. Selecting a good net development firm in India can work in your favor and produce out the results you are in search of. Medical health insurance exchanges, which can enable small companies to make use of collective shopping for energy to get decrease rates, may work in their favor. Insurance coverage companies see vacant properties in a completely completely different mild and assign a a lot increased threat worth. Analyst are specialists at monitoring your social media presence and designing social media marketing campaigns that ship high value. Discussion board marketing is one of the oldest and essentially the most trusted ways to get traffic. Discussion board visitors should all the time be well focused and yield a superb conversion rate because the individuals which might be posting on the precise matters are already involved in the sector.\nPublisher: Jared Mcginty Emergency rescue firefighters are unique in that they’ve specific training for saving lives. You can supply apps particular to your corporation to higher promote your organization via cellular marketing. Each Mills and Oberson had been profitable community entrepreneurs before they started FHTM however they wanted to make the most of their knowledge to create what they thought can be the best community marketing company. You might need the right concepts about marketing and even the correct drive to doubtlessly succeed as a multi-degree marketer, but your success is definitely contingent on your information of the business generally. You don’t have to necessarily use their exact numbers, it just must be ordered accurately. During a clear set up of Windows 8.1, you wont be ready to use the real Home windows eight license key to proceed with the set up. And 4Media provides free Obtain YouTube Videos program for both Mac and Home windows customers.\nWriter: Ashwani Kumar Eurostar gives wonderful services from London to any European vacation spot. The Nokia 5630 features a gorgeous 2.2-inch QVGA show that provides incomparable brightness with resolution of 240 x 320 pixels. Watch out Whereas Applying for Pretend Levels Online 2. Features to Look for in a great Fake Document Provider Firm 3. Executive Resume Service: Do You Ever Want One? Options synchronization support with many hand-held devices. SEO is about optimizing web sites for search engine friendliness, as a result of websites that enchantment to the major search engines earn higher web page ranks and extra site visitors in consequence. Dennis Li (Junjie), 33 years previous, died February 18, 2014 because of a purported fall from the 30-story Chater Home workplace constructing in Hong Kong where JPMorgan occupied the higher floors. Writer: Sydney Garrison It can be troublesome to make buddies when you’re new to an area or work out of the home. There are lots of straightforward modifications that you can also make to your site to make it extra interesting.\nThe net is lots like the worlds most vital corn labyrinth. She also the precise lot of sunscreen to undertake care of her dealing with. The Sony Ericsson W550i cell phone equipment comes with Adobe® Photoshop® album Starter Edition software for storing and editing your photographs in your Computer. On the subject of insurance prospecting, there are many various approaches. In accordance with the regulation, employers should offer their staff with workers’ compensation insurance coverage the place monetary and medical protection is given to those that get injured at work. The rationale for this was so that the insurance firm may sustain the output in claims of the elderly shoppers. By the best way iam a 20 yrs skilled Sr. Customer service Manager (in India), bought an employment in a Marble Company for Gross sales in Malasiya. Yet as brands began to recognize the rising impression of influencer content on both immediate gross sales and long-term customer engagement, their willingness to pay influencers elevated.\nPrincipally, corporate education is centered on data transfer, with a trainer coaching or demonstrator representing a selected perform about the product or companies and the shopper studying and demonstrating they can apply what they have learnt to a specific product. We have seen above that it plays a key role on the influence of your organization, product or service. Power when it comes to creative affect – If you have not realized this but, your advertising instruments should also virtually be like works of artwork. Why Your Restaurant Ought to Have a Blog…today I’m going to indicate you why it’s necessary to have a blog to your restaurant (even if you have already got a web site). A easy method to offer your analysis motor position is to buy one other fingers webpage title. Keep your content high quality up, and provides your audience data that they really want. Give away one thing to supply incentive for folks to do so.\nGet your business online, begin a weblog, or open an eCommerce store. Welcomemats unique options and upscale appearance have helped many hardware retailer homeowners develop their client base, as Blackhawk Hardware Normal Supervisor Craig Anderson can attest. Well we can even learn (and be inspired) by those who have gone earlier than us. Whereas there are those that accomplish that for the aim of purchasing products, there are just as many who will lurk around for the sake of curiosity. So what you’ll do with every site is make it all about that one niche. MAKE YOUR Web SITE Attractive: Flash has acquired to be the king of over-hype and uselessness. Are you anticipated to make a suggestion at the tip of your webinar or teleseminar? I’m on the alternative end of that spectrum. 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It is best to strategy mobile marketing as a means of communicating with your viewers, among other techniques of marketing. You’ll be able to change the best way you think to be extra like the best way these individuals think and act, this could lead to better success rates sooner or later for you.\nManagement of marketing workers and other businesses plus evaluation of the success of all efforts put in marketing plan. After nearly 9 years LinkedIn acquisition could be seen as successful for Microsoft in getting a share of the social media pie. This might contain getting their important indicators. Maybe skilled SEO and also selling companies are unable to present you with printed ensures as a result of sheer unpredictability regarding Yahoo and google. So we’ll shortly recap: you end in a keyword loaded interesting title for ones article. Enterprise graduates overwhelmingly desire to begin their very own firms and at least fifteen out of one hundred graduates will be successful. Yasmina Vinci, executive director of the National Head Start Affiliation, stated that her group anticipates 65,000 fewer slots for kids and 11,500 Head Start jobs being misplaced nationally. Fourth, submit messages on each one of many teams you joined telling the users concerning the unbelievable group you have simply established! It is a career that is divided into variety of fields and has been one among the highest paying careers.\nSo for those who need a top advertising slogan on your newest product, an organization slogan for your online business product or an event slogan, strive opening a slogan contest. Copernic will dissolve its working business and the corporate will reform itself as a new entity referred to as Comamtech. By no means use methods akin to spamming people because they are going to report it, and you’ll in all probability get your account deleted. Since 1998, this awesome workforce has designed and developed total banking platforms and anti-fraud safety techniques with world-class safety, reliability and ease of use for small and medium-sized banks. Ranking has never been simpler than it’s with our workforce by one’s facet to assist step-by-step. The group’s supervisor should be able to generate enthusiasm in its team for every change he suggests. If you can’t invest rapidly sufficient, make way more part producing constructions just like barracks, factories, change your methods, bring an extra business expansion. Flower designers perceive which flowers go loss Easy Flower Preparations preferrred with each other, and also will definitely have the ability to make preparations to the bride’s requirements. 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Due to this fact, to all business homeowners who would like a make over for their web site and even design bespoke new web sites, the digital broadcasters are right here to provide you that much required web design representation.\nListed here are 5 suggestions! Find a company with craftsmanship and service and ethics which can be superior to the competition. That’s the reason it’s requisite to avail prolific webpage content material writing companies from a famend content writing providers firm. Good content material writing providers in the end pays the company back by growing the traffic of the website. Search for an skilled firm that may present you examples of their work and references so you may ask real clients how they feel concerning the service they obtained. It may be because they are a bargain, or possibly because they could make the audiences look nice or really feel nice. Medical coding might also require you to relocate to another a part of the world or another city or state. Thus it is necessary that we contribute to a better world through which to retire, by driving compliance with internationally-agreed conventions. On this course of new applied sciences and superior procedures are invented to make these web sites better and distinct from others.\nStay miles ahead with our customized and inventive hyperlink building strategy that assures higher rankings and better qualified site visitors. Thus, in the event you desire to encourage the search engine rankings of a selected internal web page of your site’ hop on certain you hyperlink on a dime from the sites which have excessive PageRank values and from the homepage. The advantage is that whenever you market on the internet, you’ve entry to potential customers from your entire world. With affiliate marketing, you might be dealing with a global market place. Cold market prospecting is absolutely not too difficult. The newbies guide to SEO is one in every of my favourite reads. Let’s have a look at 5 primary advantages of hiring a SEO company. Is the main Matter? Deciphering this heatmap is fairly easy: the extra blue the cell, the higher the word on the left axis influences the subject on the underside axis. As social media websites are open twenty 4 seven you’ll get a more time to promote your product. While it’s true that many organizations immediately are anticipating employees to do more with much less, this is not an excuse for letting your gross sales performance to slide. Encourage your customer support workers to all the time be pleasant and useful.\nWriter: NewsCollective NewsCollective, which continues to be in its beta testing, has obtained a phenomenal response with more than 1500 writers and photographers and 50 publishers registering to avail its providers. You possibly can avail of low-cost catalog printing however nonetheless be capable to give you quality prints that look professionally-made. His concept of expanding his enterprise was to buy a second printing shop. Niche marketing is basically putting your target market around the middle stage exactly where you would like to expose your merchandise and/or enterprise opportunities to them. Should you promote homemade magnificence merchandise via your website, you can convey extra prospects to your net retailer with the help of really useful articles that pertain to your enterprise. Customers like relevance, not jokes or other nonsense. The a-symmetrical pattern is all over the red carpet, typically seen in dresses reminiscent of the popular one-sleeve garment and other designs that exhibit an uneven scope of symmetry, like a slanted hem.\nI’ve seen men of Socialism do nothing however reprint manifestos and sloganeer, as though their drone-like actions were about to bring about the greatest state of peace, justice, and fairness for mankind ever known. You could have seen the most important companies on this planet make the mistaken determination about one thing, and so you should not ever worry that. In 2006, a Boston-based mostly hedge fund analyst named Salman Khan began to make online tutorial movies for his nieces. To learn extra info, you might take a glance at: seo tutorial. It is the latter after all, and here we are going to current you just a few top SEO tips how to enhance your SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) technique in order your web site to succeed in a wider viewers on the net. You may run matters by way of your weblog and distribute them to totally different segments of your viewers by way of social media and get real-time feedback. How do you find the appropriate keywords on your audience? Peter will target particular gross sales channels because the agency seems to be to increase the deployment of its flagship product – StressTester™. You see, the extra articles or opinions you put into the listing, the better will that your site’s search results will most likely be.\nSo I think that it’s a significantly better thought to use common Home windows 8/8.1 if you’d like this feature. Could there have been better causes for some soulful music? By doing so, there can be higher probabilities that you acquire good rankings. As an alternative of constructing millions of upgrades out there to customers all over the world, Microsoft is doing a gradual roll out. What amazed me was the kind of know-how utilized in making the radio cassette tapes, each time I placed it to file it erased the earlier portion that was to be occupied by the brand new song. To start with, Pick out a type OF Product or opportunity You think IN. If this port can be fast paced all of the season, pick Continually versus the “Any time ought to this rule happen? Because area of interest marketing is not precisely most likely the preferred advertising methodology, this Area of interest Profit Classroom review ought to enlighten these Internet marketers which are skilled in different marketing areas.\nThey have the whole set of marketing and advertising instruments which might be assured to assist you so that your installers get its rightful credit. Given are a number of invaluable guidelines to design an efficient digital marketing marketing campaign for startups and small companies. The current use of your IT sources as content managers and net developers – chances are your organization has a crew that focuses solely on creating internet pages and updating content material (or doesn’t have the time and frustrates content homeowners!). To spice up your site visitors and optimize your site for serps, you completely will need to have distinctive, original and contemporary content material. The potential customer should really feel the product and repair will tackle his needs so as to buy. You already know your product, now you need to know your customer – what is he/she looking for, the place are they wanting on-line already, research your competitors, make your customers find you – that is effective management of social media marketing. Writer: Mason Hinton The best marketing methods resembling promoting in newspapers, in style magazines, on Television are very expensive for small businesses, especially for most start-ups.\nThe future of Medical Marketing!\nThat method you arrive at check it earlier than buying one. An Abercrombie spokeswoman said the theme for the catalog is a “VIP Backstage go” to an screen test. If you are working Windows eight on a pill or Laptop with touch display screen, merely swipe from the best edge of the display screen to see Charms Bar and then faucet Search. After these questions have been answered then you’ll usually have an excellent idea of how good the corporate actually is. North American and European corporations that have enterprise process, R&D or manufacturing operations in India or Southeast Asia increasingly acknowledge that prudent threat administration means diversifying with a second location in a separate area with a large, effectively-educated labor provide. Companies need to create presence and consciousness of their business with a purpose to get the clients they should thrive within the enterprise surroundings. Web pages in the search outcomes are placed so as or for consumer recognition, and how many votes it has received, so could be extra trustworthy.\nI am an expert writer with greater than 10 years experience in internet copywriting. The web has a very giant affect on commerce. The great thing about getting journey jobs London (or any job, for that matter) through a recruitment agency UK is that the strain, to a big diploma, is off. In fact, many web entrepreneurs waste an excessive amount of time, power, and momentum because they don’t absolutely perceive internet marketing. YouTube, an awesome platform of video sharing, is a very highly effective approach of YouTube marketing video of any business to create new clients simply and rapidly. Traffic Geyser, the paid video distribution service, makes this really easy by converting the video for you and sending it out at a special time. As one of many reporters for Sputnik’s wire service, I reported to a triumvirate of editors: Martinichev (who’d interviewed and employed me), Anastasia Sheveleva and Zlatko Kovach.\nIf you would like to maintain your web page rank constant and lengthy-term then article marketing is the most effective ways of doing it. Within the instance an internet net web page does not rank extremely in Google and different engines like google, they are certainly dead in the water. While equally perform his or her distinct capabilities, some sort of web page behaves a much more immediate traits. But with some digging round and figuring out what exactly it is that you really want out of your new toy, you can also make your selection a much more knowledgeable one. One is to make it as an electronic mail attachment. You’ll be able to attempt content material marketing and email marketing. Try an method that builds better relationships with give and take, producing more call-backs, and making certain that your calls are returned down the road. Use a methodical approach in utilizing the guidelines discovered from this text, especially if cellular marketing is new to you.\nTake a notice of the following tips if you end up adding cellular marketing into your overall strategy. That’s proper, for those who don’t know which keywords deserve your attention and you don’t correctly take them on, your bum marketing marketing campaign is going to fail. These positions are entrusted with the duty of key choice-making and entity-dealing with of a marketing marketing campaign. Now you solely need to begin utilizing them on your marketing campaign. With vital members of a forum, it’s good to leverage your influence to show that you are worthy of their consideration. You must make issues work for you and your members so that it becomes a win-win scenario for you, not to consider the profit you’ll have by enjoying fantasy soccer for cash. Make certain about the way you wish to be branded, or identified, as a result of it can be hard to alter it depending on issues. Writer: Sam Paul Taking free online coaching programs can really match you out for the job you need with the airline company you want. Courses can embrace foreign language, math, science and extra programs wanted.\nI’m on Apache; you may select whichever your website is hosted on. Franchise webpage builders are designed for franchises and supply enterprise house owners a hundred% flexibility, and one hundred% management while constructing franchise web sites to suit explicit enterprise needs. Beginning out in the field of blogging is usually a confusing course of to a newbie and two areas that they explicit struggle with are visitors era and content improvement. A evaluation for PSD to XHTML conversion for web site improvement. Their demands are such that their website design should fulfill these requirements. Not solely does the website need to perform properly, however it has to look good as nicely. You probably have the right ones you will presumably be capable to diminish the amount of tax you’ll be liable for at the same time as you might be securing your future. Investing some time ahead of partaking an influencer into researching her tone, past sponsored posts and total aesthetic ought to provide you with a good idea of how nicely she is going to symbolize your brand. Despite the fact that such companies will not be into selling branded products, they’ve a company brand. The monetary disaster means that many of us don’t have the spare cash that we once had to spend out on extras and luxuries.\nHis introduction to finance coincided with the worst global economic disaster in eight decades. I logged in to Media Temple’s AccountManager and set up a simple cron set to hit the cron.php file each 5 minutes. The DNS server settings in Plesk are for specialized functions that transcend easy hosting. Targeting flawed audience is straightforward a wastage of time of both, you and the focused folks. Bay is a well known brand that has been around for a very long time. Italics denote lines or providers which are planned, beneath building, or in any other case not working at the current time. About eighty five% patients rely upon the content material current on hospital sites earlier than making a healthcare determination. Making your own personalized app for your customers is a breeze. The service mix is flawed: trauma care, medication, HIV and obstetrics remedies are prevalent – long, patently loss making companies. Immediately, firms are offering a wide range of outsourced BPO services starting from customer care, transcription, billing providers and database marketing, to web gross sales/marketing, accounting, tax processing, transaction doc administration, telesales/telemarketing, HR hiring and biotech research among others.\nPrior to Adobe, Lexi lead inner and exterior communications for Livefyre, a company acquired by Adobe in May of 2016. Her role prolonged throughout govt thought leadership, public relations, analyst relations, content marketing and social media. If the coloration schemes are fully different, individuals might imagine it is a special company with the same title. Most people belief the information which is shared by other patients on these platforms. So in all your catalogs and journal prints, guantee that you place all the pertinent information that your male audience needs. In your game, be certain that you are promoting your product in some vogue. Giving your opinion or viewpoint on the product is not enough as you want to help it by giving the best reference to the product or another authoritative sources that are reliable. This product checks the body’s nutrient make-up and may point out what that you must change into healthier. You will also must set multiple safety layers akin to firewalls, security options pertaining to contact kinds, consumer passwords and search queries.\nSet up campaigns with particular presents and offers just for them. We’ve got established our monitor document and proceed to set new requirements for what’s required. The use of a simple diary for file preserving reduces the paperwork and time required for this system. Doc shredding can make a distinguished overall look on the Federal Trade Commission’s record of means to continue to be harmless in trendy information-major globe, suggests the Nebraska BBB. Those issues which is not going to just entertain individuals but also make them excite about everything. Remember that people subscribed to your Fb posts to be up to date about what you’re doing. Facebook has turn into the popular social networking platform of entrepreneurs over MySpace. Safety Code: Change Picture Associated searches: Social Marketing Agency – Is There Such A Thing As Optimal Internet Design? Another cause of high threat before deploying terminal service is when inappropriate Safety servicesare getting used.\nIt is usually somewhat cheap by the cost standards of high quality cameras. For this to work, nonetheless, you have to be tech-savvy and therefore need to study the fundamentals of running a blog and the requirements you’ve to attain or maintain. You also need to ask yourself in case you are adequate to do the new job you’ve got in thoughts. The excellent news is that, for now, you’ll be able to add Media Center to Windows eight Launch Preview free of charge. Writer: Vonnee Some webmasters try to use articles from free content material directories to get visitors to their site and make some money. Your laptop system will obtain selection degrees of security at the time applying presumably the paid out or freed from cost variation of the software program program. One can function an web enterprise so long as they’ve a computer, internet connection, and primary pc abilities. In case your internet marketing strategy consists primarily of banner adverts or CPC commercials, you are lacking out on an enormous piece of the pie. Comply with up by quoting your article with a hyperlink to learn your entire piece.\nThis article will show you ways. This may entice clients to make the most of your supply which translates to an increase in profitability. So suppose somebody was prepared to take a step again and take an extended term method to constructing a relationship with somebody such as Mr. Cloud. Twitter is the most effective ways immediately to get pleasure from immediate again and forth communication together with your prospects. The buttons allow you to leap again and forth by way of the various WMP experiences–Now Playing, Library, and so forth–in a method that is quite pure. Many mates are just using it as a approach to remain in touch with one another. When promotional methods are applied in a manner that’s sensible, the enterprise discipline is known as marketing management. For business homeowners, these sessions are invaluable for growing the precise mindset for approaching and overcoming a enterprise hurdle and reaching your aim. To get them off the shelf quick is the objective of each firm.\nNormally get created permission previous to publish any one among this info. Photos help us to alter our depressing mood into cheerful one. In this situation, your JV partner may allow you to goal your own record with a suggestion that appeals to the special wants of the customers you are hoping to draw. That is be, relatively, a tad sophisticated, however after you have found the categories of gadgets you would like to assist promote, this step becomes much simpler to effectively endure. Double Witching Days are these when any two of the totally different courses of choices contracts like the inventory choices, inventory index choices or the stock index futures choices expire. With so many options, there’s an obvious reduce-throat competition among the many brand to make it to the top. Ensure you not only have a training program in place; communicate early and often with workers to allay concerns. Not solely is it much less productive in an effort to have a bunch of associates half-fascinated about selling your product, however it’s simply irresponsible to have an affiliate program with out serving to your affiliates to earn a living. Hiring knowledgeable designer to work in your site is top-of-the-line investments you’ll be able to ever make.\nBecause heavy-duty equipment is constructed to last, you’ll find used components that give you the results you want. Are you keen to devote your self to numerous hours of tedious work? Many of the marketing plans are structured to reinforce the visitors to any webpage. Elevating your web site above its friends is what Website marketing is all about. Writer: Lisa Paredes Article marketing is without doubt one of the proven methods to get loads of focused visitors to your Internet enterprise web site. Steve Duval is a Successful Web Marketer Serving to Others Study the talents required to have the ability to generate profits Online http://steves6figureincome.com. What tends to make the Zygor guide so effectively-appreciated? What’s the search question report and how is it presupposed to make your ppc campaigns better when it comes to bettering your return on investment? Multilevel marketing takes some effort, however that effort might pay off by offering you with a full-time wage.\nAnd so they inside flip will assistance will construct their human beings – the us residents that contact your clientele and potential buyers. The whole course of is helped by the power to communicate with potential prospects. In the end the entire SEO thing revolves round the standard of content that you just incessantly post in your web site. This kind of practical division works very effectively in that no one can step on anyone else’s toes, because all of them need one other to operate as a whole. You want a shotgun, not a water gun. Writer: Sunil Punjabi No matter you do and wherever you’re you need footwear. The infrastructure requirement for conducting enterprise is highly reduced and consequently the expenses are also diminished. However, the lack of infrastructure to assist and maintain an electronic registry could make it troublesome for providers to find and entry patients’ documents, particularly during emergencies. More articles simply signifies extra visitors and extra prospects to make the sale.\nThe professional references, paperwork ready, approvals obtained, and articles revealed by them might be higher sources to evaluate their experience. On the other hand it is a twin SIM twin 4G, you possibly can keep your private and professional lives separate on the go. Upload an expert or good photo of you smiling! This reduces the excessive threat usually related to Honda R&D in Europe, resulting in higher operations in Japan which may focus on some other aspects. With out a positive grip or a excessive degree of consolation the officer can be acutely aware of what they had on their feet at all times and that might prove to be an unwelcome distraction. For example, say you personal a grocery retailer, it can be best to send your adverts close to the instances individuals are usually shopping for groceries. Writer: Gee Joy Briones Are you still thinking of ways on how to boost on-line traffic and get extra folks to go to your webpage? With other competition within the market, you’re the key distinction that could make or break your financial freedom. If you’re unsure about this, then just attempt it for every week and see the difference your self.\nThe organizer options are good for the XpressMusic handset and the search application is kind of useful to look the entire telephone. Lately intention to make the a lot of the presence of a whole staff to investigate methods of communicating extra effectively, each internally and for the consumption of the external world. Norbert Orlewicz is one of the vital talked about online leaders in the attraction marketing style, however he has actually not been like this his entire life. Search engine marketing agency help their offshore clients with the wireframe administration covering the right way to create search marketing goals, creating funnels monitoring analysis of each visitors and testing A/B testing of Internet pages content analysis and linkage analysis. As well as, the group has additionally labored extensively in the music business providing progressive lighting and stage administration for main artists tours and live shows. Publisher: Ben Bogart At Urban Scaffolding they make it easier to attain the top and have won the Consumers Choice Award for offering one of the best scaffolding in Edmonton. How-to type content stays highly regarded, and offering such content material is a great way in which you’ll immediately achieve authority and belief with someone. The only way to persistently achieve success, is to adapt to the realities of the market.\nIndian CFA program from ICFAI has at all times been a troubled child for the college and moreover, does not hold much worth in the job market. However for LED Tv, Sony do not anticipate a lot good. Writer: gajendra verma Competitors in enterprise market has intensified a lot in order that with out resorting to marketing tools, it very exhausting to firms to outlive. The businesses usually use them to beautify and advertise their space of commerce. Usually a postal code is comrised of arabic numbers from 0 to 9, basic Latin alphabet letters, presumably an area and a hyphen. Ofsfhore Banking RAK: Why Are We Offering These Providers? You ought to outline the group you’re comfy training. It is very tough conduct the SEO training. An skilled Seo administration will know the way to viably help your rankings on the internet searchers. You realize that Twitter is a good solution to develop your online business and achieve more clients, but how are you able to maximize your time on this social media website? On Facebook you may only invite your “friends.” LinkedIn will not allow you to attach with people you do not know.\nOne thing you may simply do is take a look at Nuke4me on a small scale, and that is another strategy we inform folks to attempt – simply do a small test and resolve. So you’re looking to check out the brand new Office 2013 suite, and have been tempted to use Outlook for a while. Regardless of the source these leads are actively already on the lookout for you. At the least as soon as, you will end up looking for make-up and equipment! The interior of the longer term model will probably be a spectacular evolution of what we find now in the marketplace with quality supplies and modern design. Don’t be stunned if you find out you’ve made some missteps along the way. Many employers hire virtual assistants as a method to chop down on employment prices. Im not saying stop your job and live in a van down by the river. In any salary dialogue, whether for a new job or a raise, citing an acquaintance’s or colleague’s compensation bundle is a weak argument. If you are a job candidate, significantly in this economy you may think that the initial wage supply is a “take-it-or-go away-it” proposition.\nSalary negotiation ideas are regularly helpful as wage negotiation shall be overwhelming when you are doing not perceive the market worth of a alternative place. Use of Meta keyword tags: Meta key phrase tags are now not relevant and anyone who understands SEO Las Vegas knows that they shouldn’t be used. 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Now get signed up for all of the boards that you simply want to utilize for your promotion. However now the leads come in regularly – not all the time good, however I always very a lot recognize the supply and the thoughts. Chances are you’ll even provide a low cost for getting the 2 merchandise together. There could also be a time if you find yourself engaged on a challenge and also you want the providers of a media composer.\nAlthough some folks suppose that there’s an overlap to science fiction and horror other imagine it is much deeper than that. Solely the folks from the native space knew about it. If the native humane society is holding a canine wash to raise funds, take the family pet and network. A bike shop, for instance, could community by sponsoring recurrently scheduled rides by way of town – and of course, they’d go together with the group! Examples embrace affiliate marketing, cellular marketing, social community marketing, e-mail marketing, e-commerce, blogging, auction promoting, article marketing and video marketing amongst others. In reality, it has been proven that in the 2-step concept of selling, follow-ups are essential to sustain the curiosity from the shoppers. This article will take you through the steps of reworking your JV marketing concept to a successful business-building strategy. Lets check out just a few steps in the direction of changing into a certified computer technician.\nAttempt to soak up smaller foods for those who experience from acid reflux. Publisher: Olderbutwiser Whereas it is extremely honorable to take over the duty of raising your kids full time, many women strive to remain clear of single dads who are on the courting scene. You would try producing CPA campaigns that may generate good earnings in an efficient and straightforward manner with a Content material materials lockdown. The agency may even consider the kind of resources your enterprise needs for an efficient content marketing plan. For this kind of marketing to achieve success, it’s worthwhile to submit in a strategic manner. DO submit pictures, video, and knowledge that enhance your image, show that you are a relatable person, and are profitable and skilled in your private and enterprise life. This program was created by a self-professed “regular guy” who wanted to provide probably the most sensible, commonsense information about weight loss to the general public without spending a dime. This data should be organized in an easy-to-learn format and simply accessible to the people who want it.\nRegardless of this, you must allocate time and effort in addition to in your on-line marketing strategy simply before you’ll see any type of earnings, not to mention cash that by yourself will maintain you. It’s true that link building is a should for off-web page seo, for high quality links, many entrepreneurs have turned towards guest blogging. Once you click on the Fb button, sometimes this simply creates a “like” on Fb with a hyperlink to the post. I, (Your Name), presently in my first 12 months at (XYZ) School, would like to use for a 6 month internship for a post within the marketing division of your reputed firm. Only put up updates which can be pertinent to your area of business. Facebook is a great way to connect with members and keep on high of skilled updates. But if your eyes begin to glaze over as you read about updates on an internet site, then possibly a distinct profession path is one it is best to pursue. However if they do not need to reveal particulars about their previous clients then it is time to move away from hiring the company. Publisher: Larry Chandler Companies ought to take their time in relation to locating and hiring a PA SEO firm.\nPublisher: atif saleem Lately the field of on-line marketing has grown rapidly, outrunning more traditional marketing methods in the sector. Specialized areas of study may be entered by these trying to realize an training in specific areas of the sector. Acquiring specialized digital marketing and administration skills will assist you gain a robust foothold and ensure long-time period employability on this sector. Writer: Steven Hayes Proper communication and team administration skills hold the key in the case of working as a service supply supervisor. Publisher: Nico Kurniawan The web has modified lots since the arrival of social media and social networking on-line. Watchwords are amazingly vital, inside the business site and in any manifestation of correspondence that is posted, resembling on-line journals or social media posts. Their pricing can also be primarily based on the overall situation of these media objects. What about utilizing your classification to determine those clients who bought specific objects and then offering them the prospect to purchase a worth-added product that compliments the one they already purchased?\nObjects and practices to research: Pro-biotic supplements, i.e. Supplements encouraging the proliferation of wholesome micro organism within the intestines. Finances, as it will assist you may have a transparent thought how much revenue you may make from it and time because in actual estate sector time is the essence. When you have a restricted funds, this is probably the most affordable method to protect your catalogs from numerous damages and weathering. With hospitals mushrooming in each other nook of town, the demand for expert workers is manner high than the provision. But what concerning the hour commute every manner? In addition to lengthy hours, promoting and marketing managers attend association or shopper conferences that are often held after hours. Since I’ve joined Stress Free Wage four months in the past, the owner has improved the system with even more free promoting. It can be regarded as a type of free promoting. Optimal, by advantage of its definition alone, already means essentially the most favorable or desired form of any specific topic. Do you have got the talents? Obviously, things could possibly be easier for affiliate entrepreneurs when the ball will get rolling, however you’ll uncover that, in the beginning, youall nonetheless have to put rather a lot of work in to developing a correct marketing strategy.\nMost small companies immediately still want the marketing power of printed supplies akin to posters, flyers, and brochure printing. Some individuals are extra visible than others, which is why a wireless alarm system is the most well-liked gadget for safety immediately. Publisher: Rainco Toshiba Corp., a Japanese electronics and power-gear maker, accomplished building immediately of a second lithium-ion battery plant to fulfill rising demand for electric autos. Publisher: Rhul Talwar A thought, now discovery, occurred 1 day once i used to be depositing my pay test at my financial institution. Writer: Wildnettechnologies The best internet design is that which is completely transparent. Internet design is perfect when it seeks to supply most utility to users while providing business or operational viability. We are not just offering webpage design companies however we also present On-line Marketing companies. PHP programming providers. Please give assessment on my Article. If it hasn’t, you might want to give it some thought. You will want to remember to ask them if they provide curbside decide-up service together with recycling containers or bins.\nSupply a free services or products in return for the e-mail handle of a prospect. We provide SEO and SEM services to our customers. Whether you are promoting your personal products or affiliate companies and products, video marketing is likely to be the key to your success in your Web business. It is very important that you just make a superb first impression together with your assistant medical resume, otherwise it would find yourself within the wastebasket. I’m attempting to jot down good right here in Squidoo. Choosing one of the best catalog might be difficult, so listed here are some ideas for choosing the rig Generate income With Catalogs! Here you have to decide in regards to the particular crossing. There are lots of scams online so that you need to do every thing you’ll be able to to make your guests really feel protected. You can make a Fan page which Facebook customers can go to and add of their account profile. More recently Google has been showing closer to 65 characters in their search outcomes, though generally even much less after you account for key phrase bolding. Another level to notice is that from Seoul to San Francisco, you is perhaps randomly called up for a extra detailed search. If you’re getting your information from articles, videos, or podcasts you might be simply squandering precious time by way of now not following what the mentor mentioned.\nGive them directions solely to speak out-loud however dont let them ask you any direct questions, inform them you can not assist them in anyway. I check with this marketing strategy as the let me see if I can show you how to supply. Promos for Bitdefender allow you to preserve a ton of dollars on Bitdefender. B2B Web Marketing Agency relationships are usually formed with the assistance of on-line portals that join numerous enterprise service providers with different companies in want of these companies. Another great pay on performance SEO agency that gives website visitors a free quote from the get go. You will need to keep in mind that any certified internet growth agency would carry a team of skilled and skilled web design professionals. To start with, you naturally have to maintain observe of your open fee, as if a high share of recipients are opening your emails, that’s a sign that you’ve bought a good topic line.\nGraduates with a level in economics have a lot of options, each in business and in government. Which means a large amount of the residents within the US depend on government help for medical insurance coverage. I’m appalled nevertheless at Mutual of Omaha Insurance coverage Company to throw its hat in the ring of attempting to straightforwardly entice customers to buy direct from the insurer. It marked the first 12 months that the corporate imported Honeycrisp and KORU apples from New Zealand to complement its domestically grown fruit. My first article will present you, the aspiring internet designer, with a breakdown of the very popular open source Content material Administration System, did I point out its a free internet design software, called Joomla. In case your site has a constant stream of new data, guests will come back incessantly to see your newest content. The newest incarnation in the trend of family shopping is bigger household dressing rooms. Just because you may have a purchasing cart to collect payments you continue to have to market your ecommerce webpage.\nWriter: T.D. Crawford In case you are lucky enough to have a stroll-in closet, you recognize what a luxury it is to have an expansive, open house during which to store apparel. Some pleasurable components merely aren’t big more than sufficient for the vary of All these invited or meals remaining aided. Putting the expertise on payroll: The really good geeks aren’t excited by a conventional, salaried place. A smart tip for a good cell marketing marketing campaign: do a usability take a look at before you go stay. We focus expecially on good and deep keyword evaluation, clear link constructing, model reputation, social branding, webpage accessibility and usability. Content material improvement can also have a significant affect on the amount of long-tail phrases that your web site can potentially rank for. Be sure you test the discussion board rules, as you’ll be able to simply get banned should you for eg have too many hyperlinks in your signature. It’s easy to type in your e-mail tackle, verify an “I Agree” field, and click Submit.\nUpon getting an email handle, electronic mail marketing turns into the way of frequently passing a lure near them and ultimately enticing a chew. There are good issues that you need to be doing, but there are various errors that folks have made also. Publisher: Gayle Hawks The time period social marketing has been used to explain two different things. That doesn’t mean it’s important to attempt to do all the things, in fact, one of the great things is which you can develop a multitude of abilities, and become involved in many conversations, technical, creative, or otherwise. Publisher: Christian Fea You’ll have heard the excitement about joint ventures as a marketing technique, but you are still uncertain how these strategic alliances may help your small business. In the event you just want to play DVDs – Blu-Rays usually are not supported – then you could want to try free options like VLC Media Player instead for that as a substitute to see if it matches the invoice.\n\nThe passage discusses various marketing strategies like niche marketing and content marketing. What are some other marketing methods talked about?"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "53fad5eb596d1a13bc6e9e117e791cbd69ba41e224823e92", "conversation_index": 4877, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 8089, "prompt": "// language: C\n#include \"qemu/osdep.h\"\n\n#include \"cpu.h\"\n#include \"hw/semihosting/semihost.h\"\n#include \"hw/semihosting/console.h\"\n#include \"hw/semihosting/common-semi.h\"\n#include \"qemu/log.h\"\n#include \"qemu/timer.h\"\n#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n#include \"qemu.h\"\n\n#define COMMON_SEMI_HEAP_SIZE (128 * 1024 * 1024)\n#else\n#include \"exec/gdbstub.h\"\n#include \"qemu/cutils.h\"\n#ifdef TARGET_ARM\n#include \"hw/arm/boot.h\"\n#endif\n#include \"hw/boards.h\"\n#endif\n\n#define TARGET_SYS_OPEN        0x01\n#define TARGET_SYS_CLOSE       0x02\n#define TARGET_SYS_WRITEC      0x03\n#define TARGET_SYS_WRITE0      0x04\n#define TARGET_SYS_WRITE       0x05\n#define TARGET_SYS_READ        0x06\n#define TARGET_SYS_READC       0x07\n#define TARGET_SYS_ISERROR     0x08\n#define TARGET_SYS_ISTTY       0x09\n#define TARGET_SYS_SEEK        0x0a\n#define TARGET_SYS_FLEN        0x0c\n#define TARGET_SYS_TMPNAM      0x0d\n#define TARGET_SYS_REMOVE      0x0e\n#define TARGET_SYS_RENAME      0x0f\n#define TARGET_SYS_CLOCK       0x10\n#define TARGET_SYS_TIME        0x11\n#define TARGET_SYS_SYSTEM      0x12\n#define TARGET_SYS_ERRNO       0x13\n#define TARGET_SYS_GET_CMDLINE 0x15\n#define TARGET_SYS_HEAPINFO    0x16\n#define TARGET_SYS_EXIT        0x18\n#define TARGET_SYS_SYNCCACHE   0x19\n#define TARGET_SYS_EXIT_EXTENDED 0x20\n#define TARGET_SYS_ELAPSED     0x30\n#define TARGET_SYS_TICKFREQ    0x31\n#define ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit     (0x20026)\n\n#ifndef O_BINARY\n#define O_BINARY 0\n#endif\n\n#define GDB_O_RDONLY  0x000\n#define GDB_O_WRONLY  0x001\n#define GDB_O_RDWR    0x002\n#define GDB_O_APPEND  0x008\n#define GDB_O_CREAT   0x200\n#define GDB_O_TRUNC   0x400\n#define GDB_O_BINARY  0\n\nstatic int gdb_open_modeflags[12] = {\n    GDB_O_RDONLY,\n    GDB_O_RDONLY | GDB_O_BINARY,\n    GDB_O_RDWR,\n    GDB_O_RDWR | GDB_O_BINARY,\n    GDB_O_WRONLY | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_TRUNC,\n    GDB_O_WRONLY | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_TRUNC | GDB_O_BINARY,\n    GDB_O_RDWR | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_TRUNC,\n    GDB_O_RDWR | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_TRUNC | GDB_O_BINARY,\n    GDB_O_WRONLY | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_APPEND,\n    GDB_O_WRONLY | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_APPEND | GDB_O_BINARY,\n    GDB_O_RDWR | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_APPEND,\n    GDB_O_RDWR | GDB_O_CREAT | GDB_O_APPEND | GDB_O_BINARY\n};\n\nstatic int open_modeflags[12] = {\n    O_RDONLY,\n    O_RDONLY | O_BINARY,\n    O_RDWR,\n    O_RDWR | O_BINARY,\n    O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,\n    O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY,\n    O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,\n    O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY,\n    O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND,\n    O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND | O_BINARY,\n    O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND,\n    O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND | O_BINARY\n};\n\ntypedef enum GuestFDType {\n    GuestFDUnused = 0,\n    GuestFDHost = 1,\n    GuestFDGDB = 2,\n    GuestFDFeatureFile = 3,\n} GuestFDType;\ntypedef struct GuestFD {\n    GuestFDType type;\n    union {\n        int hostfd;\n        target_ulong featurefile_offset;\n    };\n} GuestFD;\n\nstatic GArray *guestfd_array;\n\n#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n#include \"exec/address-spaces.h\"\nstatic inline hwaddr\ncommon_semi_find_region_base(hwaddr addr)\n{\n    MemoryRegion *subregion;\nQTAILQ_FOREACH(subregion, &get_system_memory()->subregions,\n                   subregions_link) {\n        if (subregion->ram &&!subregion->readonly) {\n            Int128 top128 = int128_add(int128_make64(subregion->addr),\n                                       subregion->size);\n            Int128 addr128 = int128_make64(addr);\n            if (subregion->addr <= addr && int128_lt(addr128, top128)) {\n                return subregion->addr;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n#endif\n\n#ifdef TARGET_ARM\nstatic inline target_ulong\ncommon_semi_arg(CPUState *cs, int argno)\n{\n    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);\n    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;\n    if (is_a64(env)) {\n        return env->xregs[argno];\n    } else {\n        return env->regs[argno];\n    }\n}\n\nstatic inline void\ncommon_semi_set_ret(CPUState *cs, target_ulong ret)\n{\n    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);\n    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;\n    if (is_a64(env)) {\n        env->xregs[0] = ret;\n    } else {\n        env->regs[0] = ret;\n    }\n}\n\nstatic inline bool\ncommon_semi_sys_exit_extended(CPUState *cs, int nr)\n{\n    return (nr == TARGET_SYS_EXIT_EXTENDED || is_a64(cs->env_ptr));\n}\n\n#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n#include \"hw/arm/boot.h\"\nstatic inline target_ulong\ncommon_semi_rambase(CPUState *cs)\n{\n    CPUArchState *env = cs->env_ptr;\n    const struct arm_boot_info *info = env->boot_info;\n    target_ulong sp;\n\n    if (info) {\n        return info->loader_start;\n    }\n\n    if (is_a64(env)) {\n        sp = env->xregs[31];\n    } else {\n        sp = env->regs[13];\n    }\n    return common_semi_find_region_base(sp);\n}\n#endif\n\n#endif /* TARGET_ARM */\n\n#ifdef TARGET_RISCV\nstatic inline target_ulong\ncommon_semi_arg(CPUState *cs, int argno)\n{\n    RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);\n    CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;\n    return env->gpr[xA0 + argno];\n}\n\nstatic inline void\ncommon_semi_set_ret(CPUState *cs, target_ulong ret)\n{\n    RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);\n    CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;\n    env->gpr[xA0] = ret;\n}\n\nstatic inline bool\ncommon_semi_sys_exit_extended(CPUState *cs, int nr)\n{\n    return (nr == TARGET_SYS_EXIT_EXTENDED || sizeof(target_ulong) == 8);\n}\n\n#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n\nstatic inline target_ulong\ncommon_semi_rambase(CPUState *cs)\n{\n    RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);\n    CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;\n    return common_semi_find_region_base(env->gpr[xSP]);\n}\n#endif\n\n#endif\nstatic int alloc_guestfd(void)\n{\n    guint i;\n\n    if (!guestfd_array) {\n        /* New entries zero-initialized, i.e. type GuestFDUnused */\n        guestfd_array = g_array_new(FALSE, TRUE, sizeof(GuestFD));\n    }\nfor (i = 1; i < guestfd_array->len; i++) {\n        GuestFD *gf = &g_array_index(guestfd_array, GuestFD, i);\n\n        if (gf->type == GuestFDUnused) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* All elements already in use: expand the array */\n    g_array_set_size(guestfd_array, i + 1);\n    return i;\n}\nstatic GuestFD *do_get_guestfd(int guestfd)\n{\n    if (!guestfd_array) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n\n    if (guestfd <= 0 || guestfd >= guestfd_array->len) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n\n    return &g_array_index(guestfd_array, GuestFD, guestfd);\n}\nstatic void associate_guestfd(int guestfd, int hostfd)\n{\n    GuestFD *gf = do_get_guestfd(guestfd);\n\n    assert(gf);\n    gf->type = use_gdb_syscalls()? GuestFDGDB : GuestFDHost;\n    gf->hostfd = hostfd;\n}\nstatic void dealloc_guestfd(int guestfd)\n{\n    GuestFD *gf = do_get_guestfd(guestfd);\n\n    assert(gf);\n    gf->type = GuestFDUnused;\n}\nstatic GuestFD *get_guestfd(int guestfd)\n{\n    GuestFD *gf = do_get_guestfd(guestfd);\n\n    if (!gf || gf->type == GuestFDUnused) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    return gf;\n}\n#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\nstatic target_ulong syscall_err;\n\n#include \"exec/softmmu-semi.h\"\n#endif\n\nstatic inline uint32_t set_swi_errno(CPUState *cs, uint32_t code)\n{\n    if (code == (uint32_t)-1) {\n#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n        TaskState *ts = cs->opaque;\n\n        ts->swi_errno = errno;\n#else\n        syscall_err = errno;\n#endif\n    }\n    return code;\n}\n\nstatic inline uint32_t get_swi_errno(CPUState *cs)\n{\n#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n    TaskState *ts = cs->opaque;\n\n    return ts->swi_errno;\n#else\n    return syscall_err;\n#endif\n}\n\nstatic target_ulong common_semi_syscall_len;\n\nstatic void common_semi_cb(CPUState *cs, target_ulong ret, target_ulong err)\n{\n    target_ulong reg0 = common_semi_arg(cs, 0);\n\n    if (ret == (target_ulong)-1) {\n        errno = err;\n        set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        reg0 = ret;\n    } else {\nswitch (reg0) {\n        case TARGET_SYS_WRITE:\n        case TARGET_SYS_READ:\n            reg0 = common_semi_syscall_len - ret;\n            break;\n        case TARGET_SYS_SEEK:\n            reg0 = 0;\n            break;\n        default:\n            reg0 = ret;\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    common_semi_set_ret(cs, reg0);\n}\n\nstatic target_ulong common_semi_flen_buf(CPUState *cs)\n{\n    target_ulong sp;\n#ifdef TARGET_ARM\nARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);\n    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;\n\n    if (is_a64(env)) {\n        sp = env->xregs[31];\n    } else {\n        sp = env->regs[13];\n    }\n#endif\n#ifdef TARGET_RISCV\n    RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);\n    CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;\n\n    sp = env->gpr[xSP];\n#endif\n\n    return sp - 64;\n}\n\nstatic void\ncommon_semi_flen_cb(CPUState *cs, target_ulong ret, target_ulong err)\n{\nuint32_t size;\n    cpu_memory_rw_debug(cs, common_semi_flen_buf(cs) + 32,\n                        (uint8_t *)&size, 4, 0);\n    size = be32_to_cpu(size);\n    common_semi_set_ret(cs, size);\n    errno = err;\n    set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n}\n\nstatic int common_semi_open_guestfd;\n\nstatic void\ncommon_semi_open_cb(CPUState *cs, target_ulong ret, target_ulong err)\n{\n    if (ret == (target_ulong)-1) {\n        errno = err;\n        set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        dealloc_guestfd(common_semi_open_guestfd);\n    } else {\n        associate_guestfd(common_semi_open_guestfd, ret);\n        ret = common_semi_open_guestfd;\n    }\n    common_semi_set_ret(cs, ret);\n}\n\nstatic target_ulong\ncommon_semi_gdb_syscall(CPUState *cs, gdb_syscall_complete_cb cb,\n                        const char *fmt,...)\n{\n    va_list va;\n\n    va_start(va, fmt);\n    gdb_do_syscallv(cb, fmt, va);\n    va_end(va);\nreturn common_semi_arg(cs, 0);\n}\ntypedef uint32_t sys_closefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf);\ntypedef uint32_t sys_writefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                             target_ulong buf, uint32_t len);\ntypedef uint32_t sys_readfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                            target_ulong buf, uint32_t len);\ntypedef uint32_t sys_isattyfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf);\ntypedef uint32_t sys_seekfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                            target_ulong offset);\ntypedef uint32_t sys_flenfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf);\n\nstatic uint32_t host_closefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\nif (gf->hostfd == STDIN_FILENO ||\n        gf->hostfd == STDOUT_FILENO ||\n        gf->hostfd == STDERR_FILENO) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    return set_swi_errno(cs, close(gf->hostfd));\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t host_writefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                             target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\n    CPUArchState *env = cs->env_ptr;\n    uint32_t ret;\n    char *s = lock_user(VERIFY_READ, buf, len, 1);\n    (void) env;\nif (!s) {\n        /* Return bytes not written on error */\n        return len;\n    }\n    ret = set_swi_errno(cs, write(gf->hostfd, s, len));\n    unlock_user(s, buf, 0);\n    if (ret == (uint32_t)-1) {\n        ret = 0;\n    }\n    /* Return bytes not written */\n    return len - ret;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t host_readfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                            target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\n    CPUArchState *env = cs->env_ptr;\n    uint32_t ret;\n    char *s = lock_user(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, len, 0);\n    (void) env;\nif (!s) {\n        /* return bytes not read */\n        return len;\n    }\n    do {\n        ret = set_swi_errno(cs, read(gf->hostfd, s, len));\n    } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);\n    unlock_user(s, buf, len);\n    if (ret == (uint32_t)-1) {\n        ret = 0;\n    }\n    /* Return bytes not read */\n    return len - ret;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t host_isattyfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return isatty(gf->hostfd);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t host_seekfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf, target_ulong offset)\n{\n    uint32_t ret = set_swi_errno(cs, lseek(gf->hostfd, offset, SEEK_SET));\n    if (ret == (uint32_t)-1) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t host_flenfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    struct stat buf;\n    uint32_t ret = set_swi_errno(cs, fstat(gf->hostfd, &buf));\n    if (ret == (uint32_t)-1) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    return buf.st_size;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_closefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"close,%x\", gf->hostfd);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_writefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                            target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\n    common_semi_syscall_len = len;\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"write,%x,%x,%x\",\n                                   gf->hostfd, buf, len);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_readfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                           target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\n    common_semi_syscall_len = len;\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"read,%x,%x,%x\",\n                                   gf->hostfd, buf, len);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_isattyfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"isatty,%x\", gf->hostfd);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_seekfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf, target_ulong offset)\n{\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"lseek,%x,%x,0\",\n                                   gf->hostfd, offset);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t gdb_flenfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_flen_cb, \"fstat,%x,%x\",\n                                   gf->hostfd, common_semi_flen_buf(cs));\n}\n\n#define SHFB_MAGIC_0 0x53\n#define SHFB_MAGIC_1 0x48\n#define SHFB_MAGIC_2 0x46\n#define SHFB_MAGIC_3 0x42\n\n/* Feature bits reportable in feature byte 0 */\n#define SH_EXT_EXIT_EXTENDED (1 << 0)\n#define SH_EXT_STDOUT_STDERR (1 << 1)\n\nstatic const uint8_t featurefile_data[] = {\n    SHFB_MAGIC_0,\n    SHFB_MAGIC_1,\n    SHFB_MAGIC_2,\n    SHFB_MAGIC_3,\n    SH_EXT_EXIT_EXTENDED | SH_EXT_STDOUT_STDERR, /* Feature byte 0 */\n};\n\nstatic void init_featurefile_guestfd(int guestfd)\n{\n    GuestFD *gf = do_get_guestfd(guestfd);\n\n    assert(gf);\n    gf->type = GuestFDFeatureFile;\n    gf->featurefile_offset = 0;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_closefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    /* Nothing to do */\n    return 0;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_writefn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                                    target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\nerrno = EBADF;\n    return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_readfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                                   target_ulong buf, uint32_t len)\n{\n    CPUArchState *env = cs->env_ptr;\n    uint32_t i;\n    char *s;\n\n    (void) env;\ns = lock_user(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, len, 0);\n    if (!s) {\n        return len;\n    }\n\n    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        if (gf->featurefile_offset >= sizeof(featurefile_data)) {\n            break;\n        }\n        s[i] = featurefile_data[gf->featurefile_offset];\n        gf->featurefile_offset++;\n    }\n\n    unlock_user(s, buf, len);\n\n    /* Return number of bytes not read */\n    return len - i;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_isattyfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return 0;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_seekfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf,\n                                   target_ulong offset)\n{\n    gf->featurefile_offset = offset;\n    return 0;\n}\n\nstatic uint32_t featurefile_flenfn(CPUState *cs, GuestFD *gf)\n{\n    return sizeof(featurefile_data);\n}\n\ntypedef struct GuestFDFunctions {\n    sys_closefn *closefn;\n    sys_writefn *writefn;\n    sys_readfn *readfn;\n    sys_isattyfn *isattyfn;\n    sys_seekfn *seekfn;\n    sys_flenfn *flenfn;\n} GuestFDFunctions;\n\nstatic const GuestFDFunctions guestfd_fns[] = {\n    [GuestFDHost] = {\n       .closefn = host_closefn,\n       .writefn = host_writefn,\n       .readfn = host_readfn,\n       .isattyfn = host_isattyfn,\n       .seekfn = host_seekfn,\n       .flenfn = host_flenfn,\n    },\n    [GuestFDGDB] = {\n       .closefn = gdb_closefn,\n       .writefn = gdb_writefn,\n       .readfn = gdb_readfn,\n       .isattyfn = gdb_isattyfn,\n       .seekfn = gdb_seekfn,\n       .flenfn = gdb_flenfn,\n    },\n    [GuestFDFeatureFile] = {\n       .closefn = featurefile_closefn,\n       .writefn = featurefile_writefn,\n       .readfn = featurefile_readfn,\n       .isattyfn = featurefile_isattyfn,\n       .seekfn = featurefile_seekfn,\n       .flenfn = featurefile_flenfn,\n    },\n};\n#ifdef TARGET_ARM\n#define GET_ARG(n) do {                                 \\\n    if (is_a64(env)) {                                  \\\n        if (get_user_u64(arg ## n, args + (n) * 8)) {   \\\n            errno = EFAULT;                             \\\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);              \\\n        }                                               \\\n    } else {                                            \\\n        if (get_user_u32(arg ## n, args + (n) * 4)) {   \\\n            errno = EFAULT;                             \\\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);              \\\n        }                                               \\\n    }                                                   \\\n} while (0)\n\n#define SET_ARG(n, val)                                 \\\n    (is_a64(env)?                                      \\\n     put_user_u64(val, args + (n) * 8) :                \\\n     put_user_u32(val, args + (n) * 4))\n#endif\n\n#ifdef TARGET_RISCV\n#define get_user_utl(arg, p)                    \\\n    ((sizeof(target_ulong) == 8)?              \\\n     get_user_u64(arg, p) :                     \\\n     get_user_u32(arg, p))\n#define put_user_utl(arg, p)                    \\\n    ((sizeof(target_ulong) == 8)?              \\\n     put_user_u64(arg, p) :                     \\\n     put_user_u32(arg, p))\n\n#define GET_ARG(n) do {                                                 \\\n        if (get_user_utl(arg ## n, args + (n) * sizeof(target_ulong))) { \\\n            errno = EFAULT;                                             \\\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);                              \\\n        }                                                               \\\n    } while (0)\n\n#define SET_ARG(n, val)                                 \\\n    put_user_utl(val, args + (n) * sizeof(target_ulong))\n#endif\ntarget_ulong do_common_semihosting(CPUState *cs)\n{\n    CPUArchState *env = cs->env_ptr;\n    target_ulong args;\n    target_ulong arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3;\n    target_ulong ul_ret;\n    char * s;\n    int nr;\n    uint32_t ret;\n    uint32_t len;\n    GuestFD *gf;\n    int64_t elapsed;\n\n    (void) env;\nnr = common_semi_arg(cs, 0) & 0xffffffffU;\n    args = common_semi_arg(cs, 1);\n\n    switch (nr) {\n    case TARGET_SYS_OPEN:\n    {\n        int guestfd;\n\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        GET_ARG(2);\n        s = lock_user_string(arg0);\n        if (!s) {\n            errno = EFAULT;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n        if (arg1 >= 12) {\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            errno = EINVAL;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        guestfd = alloc_guestfd();\n        if (guestfd < 0) {\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            errno = EMFILE;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        if (strcmp(s, \":tt\") == 0) {\n            int result_fileno;\n\n            /*\n             * We implement SH_EXT_STDOUT_STDERR, so:\n             *  open for read == stdin\n             *  open for write == stdout\n             *  open for append == stderr\n             */\n            if (arg1 < 4) {\n                result_fileno = STDIN_FILENO;\n            } else if (arg1 < 8) {\n                result_fileno = STDOUT_FILENO;\n            } else {\n                result_fileno = STDERR_FILENO;\n            }\n            associate_guestfd(guestfd, result_fileno);\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            return guestfd;\n        }\n        if (strcmp(s, \":semihosting-features\") == 0) {\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            /* We must fail opens for modes other than 0 ('r') or 1 ('rb') */\n            if (arg1!= 0 && arg1!= 1) {\n                dealloc_guestfd(guestfd);\n                errno = EACCES;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\n            init_featurefile_guestfd(guestfd);\n            return guestfd;\n        }\n\n        if (use_gdb_syscalls()) {\n            common_semi_open_guestfd = guestfd;\n            ret = common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_open_cb,\n                                          \"open,%s,%x,1a4\", arg0, (int)arg2 + 1,\n                                          gdb_open_modeflags[arg1]);\n        } else {\n            ret = set_swi_errno(cs, open(s, open_modeflags[arg1], 0644));\n            if (ret == (uint32_t)-1) {\n                dealloc_guestfd(guestfd);\n            } else {\n                associate_guestfd(guestfd, ret);\n                ret = guestfd;\n            }\n        }\n        unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n        return ret;\n    }\n    case TARGET_SYS_CLOSE:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        ret = guestfd_fns[gf->type].closefn(cs, gf);\n        dealloc_guestfd(arg0);\n        return ret;\n    case TARGET_SYS_WRITEC:\n        qemu_semihosting_console_outc(cs->env_ptr, args);\n        return 0xdeadbeef;\n    case TARGET_SYS_WRITE0:\n        return qemu_semihosting_console_outs(cs->env_ptr, args);\n    case TARGET_SYS_WRITE:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        GET_ARG(2);\n        len = arg2;\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        return guestfd_fns[gf->type].writefn(cs, gf, arg1, len);\n    case TARGET_SYS_READ:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        GET_ARG(2);\n        len = arg2;\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        return guestfd_fns[gf->type].readfn(cs, gf, arg1, len);\n    case TARGET_SYS_READC:\n        return qemu_semihosting_console_inc(cs->env_ptr);\n    case TARGET_SYS_ISERROR:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        return (target_long) arg0 < 0? 1 : 0;\n    case TARGET_SYS_ISTTY:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        return guestfd_fns[gf->type].isattyfn(cs, gf);\n    case TARGET_SYS_SEEK:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        return guestfd_fns[gf->type].seekfn(cs, gf, arg1);\n    case TARGET_SYS_FLEN:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n\n        gf = get_guestfd(arg0);\n        if (!gf) {\n            errno = EBADF;\n            return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n        }\n\n        return guestfd_fns[gf->type].flenfn(cs, gf);\n    case TARGET_SYS_TMPNAM:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        GET_ARG(2);\n        if (asprintf(&s, \"/tmp/qemu-%x%02x\", getpid(),\n                     (int) (arg1 & 0xff)) < 0) {\n            return -1;\n        }\n        ul_ret = (target_ulong) -1;\nif (strlen(s) < arg2) {\n            char *output = lock_user(VERIFY_WRITE, arg0, arg2, 0);\n            strcpy(output, s);\n            unlock_user(output, arg0, arg2);\n            ul_ret = 0;\n        }\n        free(s);\n        return ul_ret;\n    case TARGET_SYS_REMOVE:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        if (use_gdb_syscalls()) {\n            ret = common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"unlink,%s\",\n                                          arg0, (int)arg1 + 1);\n        } else {\n            s = lock_user_string(arg0);\n            if (!s) {\n                errno = EFAULT;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\n            ret =  set_swi_errno(cs, remove(s));\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n        }\n        return ret;\n    case TARGET_SYS_RENAME:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        GET_ARG(2);\n        GET_ARG(3);\n        if (use_gdb_syscalls()) {\n            return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"rename,%s,%s\",\n                                           arg0, (int)arg1 + 1, arg2,\n                                           (int)arg3 + 1);\n        } else {\n            char *s2;\n            s = lock_user_string(arg0);\n            s2 = lock_user_string(arg2);\n            if (!s ||!s2) {\n                errno = EFAULT;\n                ret = set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            } else {\n                ret = set_swi_errno(cs, rename(s, s2));\n            }\n            if (s2)\n                unlock_user(s2, arg2, 0);\n            if (s)\n                unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            return ret;\n        }\n    case TARGET_SYS_CLOCK:\n        return clock() / (CLOCKS_PER_SEC / 100);\n    case TARGET_SYS_TIME:\n        return set_swi_errno(cs, time(NULL));\n    case TARGET_SYS_SYSTEM:\n        GET_ARG(0);\n        GET_ARG(1);\n        if (use_gdb_syscalls()) {\n            return common_semi_gdb_syscall(cs, common_semi_cb, \"system,%s\",\n                                           arg0, (int)arg1 + 1);\n        } else {\n            s = lock_user_string(arg0);\n            if (!s) {\n                errno = EFAULT;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\n            ret = set_swi_errno(cs, system(s));\n            unlock_user(s, arg0, 0);\n            return ret;\n        }\n    case TARGET_SYS_ERRNO:\n        return get_swi_errno(cs);\n    case TARGET_SYS_GET_CMDLINE:\n        {\nchar *output_buffer;\n            size_t input_size;\n            size_t output_size;\n            int status = 0;\n#if!defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)\n            const char *cmdline;\n#else\n            TaskState *ts = cs->opaque;\n#endif\n            GET_ARG(0);\n            GET_ARG(1);\n            input_size = arg1;\n#if!defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)\n            cmdline = semihosting_get_cmdline();\n            if (cmdline == NULL) {\n                cmdline = \"\"; /* Default to an empty line. */\n            }\n            output_size = strlen(cmdline) + 1;\n#else\n            unsigned int i;\n\n            output_size = ts->info->arg_end - ts->info->arg_start;\n            if (!output_size) {\noutput_size = 1;\n            }\n#endif\n\n            if (output_size > input_size) {\nerrno = E2BIG;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\nif (SET_ARG(1, output_size - 1)) {\nerrno = EFAULT;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\noutput_buffer = lock_user(VERIFY_WRITE, arg0, output_size, 0);\n            if (!output_buffer) {\n                errno = EFAULT;\n                return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n            }\n#if!defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)\n            pstrcpy(output_buffer, output_size, cmdline);\n#else\n            if (output_size == 1) {\noutput_buffer[0] = '\\0';\n                goto out;\n            }\n\n            if (copy_from_user(output_buffer, ts->info->arg_start,\n                               output_size)) {\n                errno = EFAULT;\n                status = set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n                goto out;\n            }\nfor (i = 0; i < output_size - 1; i++) {\n                if (output_buffer[i] == 0) {\n                    output_buffer[i] ='';\n                }\n            }\n        out:\n#endif\nunlock_user(output_buffer, arg0, output_size);\n\n            return status;\n        }\n    case TARGET_SYS_HEAPINFO:\n        {\n            target_ulong retvals[4];\n            target_ulong limit;\n            int i;\n#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\n            TaskState *ts = cs->opaque;\n#else\n            target_ulong rambase = common_semi_rambase(cs);\n#endif\n\n            GET_ARG(0);\n\n#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY\nif (!ts->heap_limit) {\n                abi_ulong ret;\n\n                ts->heap_base = do_brk(0);\n                limit = ts->heap_base + COMMON_SEMI_HEAP_SIZE;\nfor (;;) {\n                    ret = do_brk(limit);\n                    if (ret >= limit) {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    limit = (ts->heap_base >> 1) + (limit >> 1);\n                }\n                ts->heap_limit = limit;\n            }\n\n            retvals[0] = ts->heap_base;\n            retvals[1] = ts->heap_limit;\n            retvals[2] = ts->stack_base;\n            retvals[3] = 0;\n#else\n            limit = current_machine->ram_size;\nretvals[0] = rambase + limit / 2;\n            retvals[1] = rambase + limit;\n            retvals[2] = rambase + limit;\nretvals[3] = rambase;\n#endif\n\n            for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(retvals); i++) {\n                bool fail;\n\n                fail = SET_ARG(i, retvals[i]);\n\n                if (fail) {\nerrno = EFAULT;\n                    return set_swi_errno(cs, -1);\n                }\n            }\n            return 0;\n        }\n    case TARGET_SYS_EXIT:\n    case TARGET_SYS_EXIT_EXTENDED:\n        if (common_semi_sys_exit_extended(cs, nr)) {\nGET_ARG(0);\n            GET_ARG(1);\n\n            if (arg0 == ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit) {\n                ret = arg1;\n            } else {\n                ret = 1;\n            }\n        } else {\nret = (args == ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit)? 0 : 1;\n        }\n        gdb_exit(ret);\n        exit(ret);\n    case TARGET_SYS_ELAPSED:\n        elapsed = get_clock() - clock_start;\n        if (sizeof(target_ulong) == 8) {\n            SET_ARG(0, elapsed);\n        } else {\n            SET_ARG(0, (uint32_t) elapsed);\n            SET_ARG(1, (uint32_t) (elapsed >> 32));\n        }\n        return 0;\n    case TARGET_SYS_TICKFREQ:\nreturn 1000000000;\n    case TARGET_SYS_SYNCCACHE:\n#ifdef TARGET_ARM\n        if (is_a64(cs->env_ptr)) {\n            return 0;\n        }\n#endif\n#ifdef TARGET_RISCV\n        return 0;\n#endif\n        /* fall through -- invalid for A32/T32 */\n    default:\n        fprintf(stderr, \"qemu: Unsupported SemiHosting SWI 0x%02x\\n\", nr);\n        cpu_dump_state(cs, stderr, 0);\n        abort();\n    }\n}\n\nWhen does the semihosting EXIT syscall cause the code to call gdb_exit versus just exit?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "79035139ccf54a4a88f43bd1d2a938ae", "conversation_index": 210539, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 989, "prompt": "May  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [10089] 3232411 10089    28784       40      11      141             0 spotagent\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [130813]   438 130813   369075       92      98     4765             0 zabbix_agent2\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80780]     0 80780    77556      282      88      311             0 sssd\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80781]     0 80781   162732      313     217     7345             0 sssd_be\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80782]     0 80782    80427      247     102     1008             0 sssd_nss\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80783]     0 80783    75505      229      93     1493             0 sssd_pam\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80784]     0 80784    72711      226      86      296             0 sssd_ifp\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35453]     0 35453    31664      198      16      306             0 ndschedag\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35455]     0 35455    30595      197      14      139             0 mgspolicy\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35457]     0 35457    35129      259      22      911             0 ndlaunch\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [92280] 3232411 92280    27381      127      10       24             0 sleep\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [121345]     0 121345   166318      274     149    25004             0 puppet\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 11638 (java) score 510 or sacrifice child\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: Killed process 11638 (java), UID 1000, total-vm:20865660kB, anon-rss:17387608kB, file-rss:136856kB, shmem-rss:0kB\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z PERFORM HOST METADATA COLLECTION\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z --> Collecing Linux host metadata collection ...\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Then collections is completed and ready for upload.\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Validating collection before upload ...\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Collections has changed, start uploading.\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z --> Collecctions uploaded successfully\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z PERFORM DATABASES METADATA COLLECTION\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "fa015f72822b46cc828b8ea906710be7", "conversation_index": 855260, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1015, "prompt": "Poderia traduzir essa legenda pra NAME_1? Está em formato SRT.\nÉ do show RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars. O cast de participantes é:\nAlexis NAME_2\nHeidi N Closet\nNAME_3\nNAME_4\nJimbo\nKahanna Montrese\nNAME_5\nLaLa Ri\nDarienne NAME_6\nNAME_7\nNAME_8\nMonica Beverly Hillz\n\nAbaixo a legenda:\n1\n00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:03,689\n- ♪ MTV ♪\n\n2\n00:00:07,034 --> 00:00:08,172\n- Previously on \"All Stars\"...\n\n3\n00:00:08,241 --> 00:00:09,793\n- You can't send me home.\n\n4\n00:00:09,862 --> 00:00:12,000\n- I will never, if you promise\nthat if I'm ever in the bottom\n\n5\n00:00:12,068 --> 00:00:13,551\nthat you won't send me home.\n\n6\n00:00:13,620 --> 00:00:15,241\n- You can call it an alliance,\n\n7\n00:00:15,310 --> 00:00:18,896\nbut it's making a pact of like,\ngirl, I have you, you have you,\n\n8\n00:00:18,965 --> 00:00:20,620\nyou have me,\nand we have each other.\n\n9\n00:00:20,689 --> 00:00:22,068\n- For this week's\nmaxi challenge,\n\n10\n00:00:22,137 --> 00:00:26,206\nwe are throwing ourselves\na supermarket ball.\n\n11\n00:00:26,275 --> 00:00:28,103\n[all exclaim excitedly]\n\n12\n00:00:28,172 --> 00:00:32,344\n- I don't sew because I'm not\nAmish and I have good credit.\n\n13\n00:00:32,412 --> 00:00:34,172\n- Do you think we're all going\nto just stick\n\n14\n00:00:34,241 --> 00:00:36,000\nto the track record\nall the way through?\n\n15\n00:00:36,068 --> 00:00:38,586\n- It's track record as well as\ntaking it all into the whole\n\n16\n00:00:38,655 --> 00:00:40,413\nand what was presented tonight.\n\n17\n00:00:40,482 --> 00:00:42,241\n- Bitch, ain't nobody safe.\n\n18\n00:00:42,310 --> 00:00:46,034\n- NAME_4, tonight you\nwere very, very creative.\n\n19\n00:00:46,103 --> 00:00:47,241\n- Thank you.\n\n20\n00:00:47,310 --> 00:00:48,827\n- NAME_7.\n\n21\n00:00:48,896 --> 00:00:50,827\n- This is definitely\na birthday party\n\n22\n00:00:50,896 --> 00:00:53,896\nthat I would not have eaten\nany of the cake, girl.\n\n23\n00:00:53,965 --> 00:00:54,896\n[laughter]\n\n24\n00:00:54,965 --> 00:00:56,310\n- Darienne NAME_6.\n\n25\n00:00:56,379 --> 00:01:01,275\nIt didn't quite connect\nfor a succinct message.\n\n26\n00:01:01,344 --> 00:01:04,241\nDarienne NAME_6,\nNAME_7...\n\n27\n00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:05,655\nI'm sorry, my dears,\n\n28\n00:01:05,724 --> 00:01:08,862\nbut you are the bottom two\nAll Stars of the week.\n\n29\n00:01:08,931 --> 00:01:12,206\nNAME_4,\ncondragulations,\n\n30\n00:01:12,275 --> 00:01:14,241\nyou are top All Star\nof the week.\n\n31\n00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:15,758\n- Ay, no puedo creerlo.\n\n32\n00:01:15,827 --> 00:01:20,241\n- It's time to present this\nweek's lip-sync assassin.\n\n33\n00"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "10416cdcd58842aaaecb90f2def5a6ed", "conversation_index": 505991, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1221, "prompt": "as a probability theory expert, analyze the combination . as a probability theory expert, provide a new combination.\n\t\n        57, 41, 09, 82, 21, 14\t\n\t56, 84, 07, 47, 28, 03, 36, 70, 16, 72, 75, 39, 30, 04, 80, 02, 05, 67, 53, 10, 13, 27, 86, 52, 58, 45, 69, 51, 34, 90, 66, 12, 63\t\n\t77, 25, 78, 73, 20, 87, 71, 01, 74, 46, 35, 81, 38, 68, 18, 29, 24, 17, 32, 62, 33, 43, 61, 08, 26\t\n\t85\t\n\t65\t\n\t42\t\n\t06\t\n\t89\t\n\t49\t\n\t60\t\n\t79\t\n\t22\t\n\t44\t\n\t83\t\n\t54\t\n\t11\t\n\t59\t\n\t15\t\n\t50\t\n\t88\t\n\t48\t\n\t55\t\n\t76\t\n\t40\t\n\t64\t\n\t37\t\n\t19\n\n\t71, 64, 67, 15, 33, 26\t\n\t75, 58, 13, 39, 63, 27, 89, 29, 22, 77, 53, 47, 31, 14, 16, 65, 55, 03, 24, 28, 41, 76, 90, 48, 08, 50, 81, 30, 05, 78, 18\t\n\t06, 61, 56, 12, 34, 36, 32, 11, 57, 45, 72, 59, 68, 04, 42, 20, 46, 23, 79, 01, 19, 43, 88, 52, 17, 60\t\n\t84\t\n\t02, 66\t\n\t87\t\n\t70\t\n\t38\t\n\t74\t\n\t82\t\n\t21\t\n\t80\t\n\t10\t\n\t51\t\n\t07\t\n\t73\t\n\t25\t\n\t44\t\n\t37\t\n\t09\t\n\t85\t\n\t49\t\n\t40\t\n\t35\t\n\t62\t\n\t83\t\n\t69\n\n\t71, 53, 18, 05, 77, 15, 47\t\n\t20, 26, 73, 38, 48, 04, 62, 08, 52, 14, 64, 45, 74, 54, 21, 19, 57, 46, 89, 34, 69, 10, 65, 25, 41, 59, 29, 55, 17, 40, 56, 09\t\n\t49, 13, 60, 63, 83, 12, 07, 27, 33, 44, 28, 78, 76, 36, 90, 70, 24, 01, 51, 37, 66, 16, 68, 80, 03\t\n\t58\t\n\t32\t\n\t85\t\n\t79\t\n\t87\t\n\t02\t\n\t50\t\n\t82\t\n\t88\t\n\t43\t\n\t35\t\n\t30\t\n\t22\t\n\t23\t\n\t81\t\n\t06\t\n\t75\t\n\t84\t\n\t31\t\n\t42\t\n\t67\t\n\t86\t\n\t61\t\n\t72\n\n\n        11 48 49 64 30 51\t\n\t24 70 52 09 43 22 17 56 45 20 42 62 73 90 46 08 74 40 35 \n        16 26 36 27 87 34 03 07 72\t\n\t82 21 63 69 53 77 83 15 18 78 68 02 39 04 86 19 01 79 41 \n        54 47 75 32 23 57 28 65\t\n\t60 66 59\t\n\t84\t\n\t12\t\n\t76\t\n\t06\t\n\t29\t\n\t50\t\n\t67\t\n\t58\t\n\t80\t\n\t05\t\n\t10\t\n\t85\t\n\t31\t\n\t37\t\n\t38\t\n\t14\t\n\t55\t\n\t33\t\n\t88\t\n\t81\t\n\t71\t\n\t13\t\n\n\n\t58 18 03 43 86 81 19\t\n\t12 46 89 85 65 02 01 56 51 16 87 50 84 61 31 59 54 26 60 \n        41 27 22 28 29 71 64 30 70 14\t\n\t49 05 57 76 74 21 37 17 23 62 35 75 90 04 53 08 15 13 39 \n        82 44 88 38 72 24 52 09 47\t\n\t77\t\t\n\t07\t\t\n\t36\t\t\n\t68\t\n\t20\t\n\t55\t\n\t45\t\n\t78\t\n\t34\t\n\t33\t\n\t66\t\n\t63\t\n\t79\t\n\t48\t\n\t40\t\n\t67\t\n\t10\t\n\t80\t\n\t32\t\n\t73\t\n\t69\t\n\t25\t\n\t06"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "712505216e854e04a31565e3c262527e", "conversation_index": 917596, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1336, "prompt": "I am now giving you the data, which is inputted in the following format: T t-x,y,z x,y,z x,y,z x,y,z x,y,z; where every group of five body parts represents the positions of a people of the nose, left wrist, right wrist, left ankle, and right ankle. The coordinates x, y, and z represent spatial positions, with x and y being the coordinates on the viewing plane and z being the depth coordinate in the view. The variable t indicates t time. Please give me your answer between only fight and no fight\n\"T 0-429,80,3 411,133,4 445,128,3 420,174,5 421,174,5;220,201,14 254,251,16 256,205,14 214,327,17 171,329,17;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 77,177,10 53,201,12;221,73,3 238,116,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;306,179,13 364,202,8 363,203,8 307,300,16 307,314,16;84,159,9 84,238,13 82,239,14 83,328,17 81,324,17\"\n\"T 1-429,81,3 411,133,4 445,128,3 420,173,5 421,174,5;220,201,14 254,252,16 255,257,16 214,326,17 170,352,18;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 77,199,11 53,201,12;221,73,3 237,115,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;306,179,13 363,202,8 363,203,8 307,301,16 307,313,16;61,163,10 85,238,13 82,239,14 82,327,17 81,324,17\"\n\"T 2-429,81,3 411,134,4 445,128,3 420,171,5 421,170,5;219,201,14 254,252,16 255,203,14 214,327,17 170,352,18;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 76,199,11 52,200,12;221,73,3 237,115,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;319,180,12 364,202,8 365,202,8 307,302,16 307,302,16;60,106,7 84,234,13 37,233,15 84,325,17 82,323,17\"\n\"T 3-222,203,13 264,228,14 267,230,14 213,324,18 213,328,18;429,77,2 411,122,3 411,123,3 421,174,5 434,176,5;56,108,7 82,151,9 41,177,10 79,196,11 55,197,12;218,73,3 238,116,5 200,113,6 230,166,9 227,164,8;86,177,10 37,220,15 38,221,15 83,329,19 82,324,19;298,173,11 289,232,14 285,232,14 312,348,17 312,349,17\"\n\"T 4-428,77,2 411,121,3 410,122,3 421,176,5 433,176,5;222,203,13 261,228,14 265,231,14 213,326,18 213,330,18;219,73,3 238,116,5 200,113,6 230,166,8 226,163,8;56,108,7 83,152,9 41,176,10 80,194,11 55,195,12;85,177,10 37,220,15 38,222,15 82,329,19 83,324,19;296,173,11 287,233,14 283,231,14 312,348,17 312,348,17\"\n\"T 5-218,73,3 234,117,4 200,113,5 231,163,7 225,160,7;225,205,12 249,220,14 249,218,13 213,323,17 213,327,17;81,182,9 40,221,13 40,222,13 83,330,16 82,324,16;56,108,6 84,157,8 40,173,9 82,240,12 59,239,13;414,75,2 411,114,3 445,114,2 413,179,5 419,179,5;315,171,11 330,271,14 287,192,12 334,274,14 284,275,16;425,177,4 367,286,13 447,286,10 405,345,14 403,345,14\"\n\"T 6-225,204,12 251,220,14 249,218,13 213,324,17 213,327,17;218,73,3 233,117,4 200,113,5 231,164,7 225,160,7;82,182,9 39,220,14 39,221,14 83,330"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "dc728d8551c7d3675d3d2e4e9bbab308f48fbdd4ce60936e", "conversation_index": 71, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 13580, "prompt": "[转载]儿童谜语大全(附谜底)\n原文地址:儿童谜语大全(附谜底)作者:戈壁红柳 儿童谜语大全 (附谜底) 001五个兄弟,住在一起,名字不同,高矮不齐。【谜底】手指 002一个黑孩,从不开口,要是开口,掉出舌头。【谜底】瓜籽 003人脱衣服,它穿衣服,人脱帽子,它戴帽子。【谜底】衣帽架 004屋子方方,有门没窗,屋外热烘,屋里冰霜。【谜底】冰箱 005两只小口袋,天天随身带,要是少一只,就把人笑坏。【谜底】袜子 006弟兄七八个,围着柱子坐,只要一分开,衣服就扯破。【谜底】蒜 007独木造高楼,没瓦没砖头,人在水下走,水在人上流。【谜底】雨伞 008身穿大皮袄,野草吃个饱,过了严冬天,献出一身毛。【谜底】绵羊 009一个小姑娘,生在水中央,身穿粉红衫,坐在绿船上。【谜底】荷花 010颜色白如雪,身子硬如铁,一日洗三遍,夜晚柜中歇。【谜底】碗 011有面没有口,有脚没有手,虽有四只脚,自己不会走。【谜底】桌子 012白嫩小宝宝,洗澡吹泡泡,洗洗身体小,再洗不见了。【谜底】香皂 013身穿绿衣裳,肚里水汪汪,生的子儿多,个个黑脸膛。【谜底】西瓜 014不怕细菌小,有它能看到,化验需要它,科研不可少。【谜底】显微镜 015象只大蝎子,抱起似孩子,抓挠肚肠子,唱出好曲子。【谜底】琵琶 016是笔不能画,和电是一家,要知有无电,可去请教它。【谜底】测电笔 017圆筒白浆糊,早晚挤一股,兄弟三十二,都说有好处。【谜底】牙膏 018上不怕水,下不怕火；家家厨房,都有一个 (打一生活用品)。【谜底】锅 019一个老头,不跑不走；请他睡觉,他就摇头 (打一物)。【谜底】不倒翁 020大姐用针不用线,二姐用线不用针,三姐点灯不干活,四姐做活不点灯。(打四种动物)【谜底】蜜蜂,蜘蛛,萤火虫,纺织娘 021驼背公公,力大无穷；爱驮什么 车水马龙(打一物)。【谜底】桥 022头戴红帽子,身披五彩衣,从来不唱戏,喜欢吊嗓子(打一动物)。【谜底】公鸡 023先修十字街,在修月花台,身子不用动,口粮自动来(打一动物)。【谜底】蜘蛛 024有头没有颈,身上冷冰冰,有翅不能飞,无脚也能行(打一动物)。【谜底】鱼 025身披花棉袄,唱歌呱呱叫,田里捉害虫,丰收立功劳(打一动物)。【谜底】青蛙 026大姐长的真漂亮, 身穿桔红花衣裳。七颗黑星上面镶, 爱吃蚜虫饱肚肠。二妹最爱嗡嗡唱,百花园 里忙又忙。后腿携带花粉筐, 装满食品喂儿郎。 三姐身披黄衣裳, 腰儿细来腿儿长。飞到田间捉害虫, 尾 巴毒针塞刀枪。 (打三益虫) 。【谜底】瓢虫,蜜蜂,黄蜂(马蜂) 027头小颈长四脚短,硬壳壳里把身安,别看胆小又怕事,要论寿命大无边。(打一动物)。【谜底】龟 028一物长来真奇怪,肚皮下面长口袋,孩子袋里吃和睡,跑得不快跳得快。(打一动物)。【谜底】袋鼠 029耳朵像蒲扇,身子像小山,鼻子长又长,帮人把活干。 (打一动物)。【谜底】大象 030八只脚,抬面鼓,两把剪刀鼓前舞,生来横行又霸道,嘴里常把泡沫吐。(打一动物)。【谜底】螃蟹 031四蹄飞奔鬃毛抖,拉车驮货多面手,农民夸它好伙伴,骑兵爱它如战友。(一动物)。【谜底】马 032头像绵羊颈似鹅,不是牛马不是骡,戈壁滩上万里行,能耐渴来能忍饿。(一动物)。【谜底】骆驼 033说它是虎它不像,金钱印在黄袄上,站在山上吼一声,吓跑猴子吓跑狼。 (一动物)。【谜底】金钱 豹 034身穿皮袍黄又黄,呼啸一声百兽慌,虽然没率兵和将,威风凛凛山大王。(一动物)。【谜底】虎 035黑夜林中小哨兵,眼睛限像两盏灯,瞧瞧西来望望东,抓住盗贼不留情。(一动物)。【谜底】猫头鹰 036头戴大红花,身穿什锦衣,好象当家人,一早催人起。(一动物)。【谜底】公鸡 037嘴像小铲子,脚像小扇子,走路左右摆,水上划船子。(一动物)。【谜底】鸭 038身体肥,头儿大,脸儿长方宽嘴巴,名字叫马却没毛,常在水中度生涯。(一动物)。【谜底】河马 039一物像人又像狗,爬杆上树是能手,擅长模仿人动作,家里没有山里有。(一动物)。【谜底】猴 040身子像个小逗点,摇着一根小尾巴,从小就会吃孑孓,长大吃虫叫哇哇。(一动物)。【谜底】蝌蚪 041小小姑娘满身黑,秋去江南春来归,从小立志除害虫,身带剪刀满天飞。(一动物)。【谜底】燕子 042唱歌不用嘴,声音真清脆,嘴尖像根锥,专吸树枝水。(一动物)。【谜底】蝉 043背着包袱不肯走,表面坚强内里柔,行动迟缓不拖拉,碰到困难就缩头。(一动物)。【谜底】螺丝 044一条牛,真厉害,猛兽见它也避开,它的皮厚毛稀少,长出角来当药材。(一动物)。【谜底】犀牛 045小货郎,不挑担,背着针,满处窜。(一动物)。【谜底】刺猬 046小飞机,纱翅膀,飞来飞去灭虫忙,低飞雨,高飞睛,气象预报它内行。(一动物)。【谜底】蜻蜓 047胡子不多两边翘,开口总是喵喵喵,黑夜巡逻眼似灯,粮仓厨房它放哨。(一动物)。【谜底】猫 048腿长胳膊短,眉毛盖着眼,有人不吱声,无人爱叫唤。(一动物)。【谜底】蝈蝈 049身穿鲜艳百花衣,爱在山丘耍儿戏,稍稍有点情况紧,只顾头来不顾尾。(一动物)。【谜底】野鸭 050小飞虫,尾巴明,黑夜闪闪像盏灯,古代有人曾借用,刻苦读书当明灯。(一动物)。【谜底】萤火虫 051一顶透明降落伞,随波逐流飘海中,触手有毒蜇人痛,身上小虾当眼睛。(一动物)。【谜底】海蛰 052尖尖嘴,细细腿,狡猾多疑拖大尾。(一动物)。【谜底】狐狸 053身穿白袍子,头戴红帽子,走路像公子,说话高嗓子。(一动物)。【谜底】鹅 054每隔数日脱旧衣,没有脚爪走得急,攀缘树木多轻便,光滑地面步难移。(一动物)【谜底】蛇 055长相俊俏,爱舞爱跳,飞舞花丛,快乐逍遥。(一动物)【谜底】蝴蝶 056尖尖牙齿,大盆嘴,短短腿儿长长尾,捕捉食物流眼泪,人人知它假慈悲。(一动物)【谜底】鳄鱼 057性子像鸭水里游,样子像鸟天上飞,游玩休息成双对,夫妻恩爱永不离。(一动物)【谜底】鸳鸯 058有枪不能放,有脚不能行,天天弯着腰,总在水里游。(一动物)【谜底】虾 059不走光跳,吵吵闹闹,吃虫吃粮,功大过小。(一动物)【谜底】麻雀 060像条带,一盘菜,下了水,跑得快。 (一动物)【谜底】带鱼 061背面灰色腹有斑,繁殖习性很罕见,卵蛋产在邻鸟窝,代它孵育自消遣。(打一动物)【谜底】杜鹃 062头戴红缨帽,身穿绿罗袍,背上生双翅,爱脏腿长毛。(打一动物)【谜底】苍蝇 063身子粗壮头长角,大人小孩都爱它,给人奶汁它吃草,浑身上下净是宝。(打一动物)【谜底】奶牛 064栖息沼泽和田头,随着季节南北走,队列排成人字形,纪律自觉能遵守。(打一动物)【谜底】大雁 065天热爬上树梢,总爱大喊大叫,明明啥也不懂,偏说知道知道。(打一动物)【谜底】蝉(知了) 066样子像吊塔,身上布满花,跑路速度快,可惜是哑巴。(打一动物)【谜底】长颈鹿 067家住青山顶,身披破蓑衣,常在天上游,爱吃兔和鸡。(打一动物)【谜底】老鹰 068头戴红缨帽,身穿绿战袍,说话音清脆,时时呱呱叫。(打一动物)【谜底】鹦鹉 069颜色有白又有灰,经过驯养很聪明,可以当做联络员,飞山越岭把信送。(打一动物)【谜底】鸽子 070身上雪雪白,肚里墨墨黑,从不偷东西,却说它是贼。(打一动物)【谜底】乌贼 071习性刁残海霸王,捕它要造工作船,浑身上下全是宝,海面换气喷银泉。(打一动物)【谜底】鲸 072肚大眼明头儿小,胸前有对大砍刀,别看样子有点笨,捕杀害虫又灵巧。(打一动物)【谜底】螳螂 073面孔像猫,起飞像鸟,天天上夜班,捉鼠本领高。(打一动物)【谜底】猫头鹰 074有红有绿不是花,有枝有叶不是树,五颜六色居水中,原是海底一动物。(打一动物)【谜底】珊瑚 075团结劳动是模范,全家住在格子间,常到花丛去工作,造出产品比糖甜。(打一动物)【谜底】蜜蜂 076小小诸葛亮,独坐中军帐,摆下八卦阵,专捉飞来将。(打一动物)【谜底】蜘蛛 077手掌珍贵似明珠,行动笨拙傻乎乎,样子像狗爱玩耍,下水上树有功夫。(打一动物)【谜底】熊 078是牛从来不耕田,体矮毛密能耐寒,爬冰卧雪善驮运,高原之舟人人赞。(打一动物)【谜底】牦牛 079红冠黑嘴白衣裳,双腿细瘦走路晃,漫步水中捕鱼虾,凌空展翅能飞翔。(打一动物)【谜底】鹤 080凸眼睛,阔嘴巴,尾巴要比身体大,碧绿水草衬着它,好像一朵大红花。(打一动物)【谜底】金鱼 081像熊比熊小,像猫比猫大,竹笋是食粮,密林中安家。(打一动物)【谜底】熊猫 082它家住在弯弯里,前门后门都不关,狮子豺狼都不怕,只怕小虎下了山。(一动物)【谜底】老鼠 083有个小姑娘,身穿黄衣裳,你要欺侮它,它就扎一枪。(打一动物)【谜底】马蜂 084身笨力气大,干活常带枷,春耕和秋种,不能缺少它。(打一动物)【谜底】牛 085身长近一丈,鼻在头顶上,腹白背青黑,安家在海洋。(打一动物)【谜底】海豚 086会飞不是鸟,两翅没羽毛,白天休息晚活动,捕捉蚊子本领高。(打一动物)【谜底】蝙蝠 087身披一件大皮袄,山坡上面吃青草,为了别人穿得暖,甘心脱下自己毛。(打一动物)【谜底】绵羊 088头上长树杈,身上有白花,四腿跑得快,生长在山野。(打一动物)【谜底】梅花鹿 089形状像耗子,爬在树枝上,生活像猴子,忙着摘果子。(打一动物)【谜底】松鼠 090耳大身肥眼睛小,好吃懒做爱睡觉,模样虽丑浑身宝,生产生活不可少。(打一动物)【谜底】猪 091身小力不小,团结又勤劳,有时搬粮食,有时挖地道。(打一动物)【谜底】蚂蚁 092身体半球形,背上七颗星,棉花喜爱它,捕虫最著名。(打一动物)【谜底】七星瓢虫 093头戴珊瑚帽,身穿梅花袄,腿儿细又长,翻山快如飞。(打一动物)【谜底】鹿 094头黑肚白尾巴长,传说娶妻忘了娘,生活之中人喜爱,因为常来报吉祥。(打一动物)【谜底】喜鹊 095本是古老一游禽,零下百度能安家,唯它南极能生存,遇人相迎不害怕。(打一动物)【谜底】企鹅 096鸟儿当中数它小,针状嘴巴舌尖巧,身子只有野蜂大,飞行本领却很高。(打一动物)【谜底】蜂鸟 097两弯新月头上长,常常喜欢水中躺,身体庞大毛灰黑,劳动是个好闯将。(打一动物)【谜底】水牛 098周身银甲耀眼明,浑身上下冷冰冰,有翅寸步不能飞,没脚五湖四海行。(打一动物)【谜底】鱼 099粽子头,梅花脚,屁股挂把弯镰刀,黑白灰黄花皮袄,坐着反比站着高。(打一动物)【谜底】狗 100耳朵长,尾巴短,红眼睛,白毛衫,三瓣嘴儿胆子小,青菜萝卜吃个饱。(打一动物)【谜底】白兔 101纺织工人聪明透,人人赞它是能手,自己独造一间房,四面不设门窗口。(打一动物)【谜底】蚕 102此物老家在非洲,力大气壮赛过牛,血盆大口吼一声,吓得百兽都发抖。(打一动物)【谜底】狮子 103头戴花冠鸟中少,身穿锦袍好夸耀,尾巴似扇能收展,尾羽开屏真俊俏。(打一动物)【谜底】孔雀 104春到它来临,催唤播种人,秋后它返回,遍传丰收音。(打一动物)【谜底】布谷鸟 105说它是马猜错了,穿的衣服净道道,把它放进动物园,大人小孩都爱瞧。(打一动物)【谜底】斑马 106不是狐狸不是狗,前面架铡刀,后面拖扫帚。(打一动物)【谜底】狼 107虽有翅膀飞不起,非洲沙漠多足迹,快步如飞多迅速,鸟中体重它第一。(打一动物)【谜底】鸵鸟 108一身白衣多健美,在大海上四处飞,喜欢与船结伙伴,主要食物是鱼类。(打一动物)【谜底】海鸥 109身上乌又乌,赤脚走江湖,别人看它吃饭,其实天天饿肚。(打一动物)【谜底】鱼鹰 110鹿马驴牛它不像,却难猜是哪一样,打开天窗说亮话,它有自己亲爹娘。(打一动物)【谜底】麋鹿 111头上两根须,身穿花衣衫,飞进花朵里,传粉又吃蜜。(打一动物)【谜底】蝴蝶 112一物生来力量强,又有爹来又有娘,有爹不和爹一姓,有娘不和娘一样。(打一动物)【谜底】骡 113五彩星,落水底,样子老是有心计,悄悄潜伏沙面上,一有机会搞袭击。(打一动物)【谜底】海星 114两头尖尖相貌丑,脚手耳目都没有,整天工作在地下,一到下雨才露头。(打一动物)【谜底】蚯蚓 115小飞贼,水里生,干坏事,狠又凶,偷偷摸摸吸人血,还要嗡嗡叫几声。(打一动物)【谜底】蚊子 116身子黑不溜秋,喜往泥里嬉游,常爱口吐气泡,能够观察气候。(打一动物)【谜底】泥鳅 117落地就会跑,胡子一大把,不管见了谁,总爱喊妈妈。(打一动物)【谜底】山羊 118驰名中外一歌手,音韵宛转会多变,能学多种鸟儿叫,北疆内蒙是家园。(打一动物)【谜底】百灵鸟 119两只翅膀难飞翔,既作衣裳又作房,宁让大水掀下海,不叫太阳晒干房。(打一动物)【谜底】蚌 120有种鸟,本领高,尖嘴爱给树开刀,树木害虫被吃掉,绿化造林立功劳。(打一动物)【谜底】啄木鸟 121身穿黄色羽毛衫,绿树丛中常栖身,只因歌儿唱得好,博得许多赞扬声。(打一动物)【谜底】黄莺 122家住暗角落,身穿酱色袍,头戴黑铁帽,打仗逞英豪。(打一动物)【谜底】蟋蟀 123嘴长颈长脚也长,爱穿一身白衣裳,常在水边结伙伴,田野沟渠寻食粮。(打一动物)【谜底】白鹭 124身黑似木炭,腰插两把扇,往前走一步,就得扇一扇。(打一动物)【谜底】乌鸦 125身体足有丈二高,瘦长身节不长毛,下身穿条绿绸裤,头戴珍珠红绒帽。(打一植物)【谜底】高粱 126小时青来老来红,立夏时节招顽童,手舞竹竿请下地,吃完两手红彤彤。(打一植物)【谜底】桑葚 127青枝绿叶长得高,砍了压在水里泡,剥皮晒干供人用,留下骨头当柴烧。(打一植物)【谜底】麻 128麻布衣裳白夹里,大红衬衫裹身体,白白胖胖一身油,建设国家出力气。(打一植物)【谜底】花生 129高高个儿一身青,金黄圆脸喜盈盈,天天对着太阳笑,结的果实数不清。(打一植物)【谜底】向日葵 130青枝绿叶不是菜,有的烤来有的晒,腾云驾雾烧着吃,不能锅里煮熟卖。(打一植物)【谜底】烟叶 131长得像竹不是竹,周身有节不太粗,不是紫来就是绿,只吃生来不能熟。(打一植物)【谜底】甘蔗 132小时青青腹中空,长大头发蓬蓬松,姐姐撑船不离它,哥哥钓鱼拿手中。(打一植物)【谜底】竹子 133有个矮将军,身上挂满刀,刀鞘外长毛,里面藏宝宝。(打一植物)【谜底】大豆 134冬天蟠龙卧,夏天枝叶开,龙须往上长,珍珠往下排。(打一植物)【谜底】葡萄 135水上生个铃,摇摇没有声,仔细看一看,满脸大眼睛。(打一植物)【谜底】莲蓬 136两叶花四朵,颜色白又黄,一年开一次,八月放异香。(打一植物)【谜底】桂花 137兄弟几个真和气,天天并肩坐一起,少时喜欢绿衣服,老来都穿黄色衣。(打一植物)【谜底】香蕉 138胖娃娃,滑手脚,红尖嘴儿一身毛,背上浅浅一道沟,肚里血红好味道。(打一植物)【谜底】桃子 139海南宝岛是我家,不怕风吹和雨打,四季棉衣不离身,肚里有肉又有茶。(打一植物)【谜底】椰子 140半截白,半截青,半截实来半截空,半截长在地面上,半截长在土当中。(打一植物)【谜底】葱 141冬天幼苗夏成熟,滔滔海水是活土,根浮水面随浪晃,身潜水中漫起舞。(打一植物)【谜底】海带 142架上爬秧结绿瓜,绿瓜顶上开黄花,生着吃来鲜又脆,炒熟做菜味道佳。(打一植物)【谜底】黄瓜 143一物生得真奇怪,腰里长出胡子来,拔掉胡子剥开看,露出牙齿一排排。(打一植物)【谜底】玉米 144一物生来真奇怪,它是世上一盘菜,娘死以后它才生,它死以后娘还在。(打一植物)【谜底】木耳 145一个黄妈妈,生性手段辣,老来愈厉害,小孩最怕它。(打一植物)【谜底】姜 146一顶小伞,落在林中,一旦撑开,再难收拢。(打一植物)【谜底】蘑菇 147脸圆像苹果,甜酸营养多,既能做菜吃,又可当水果。(打一植物)【谜底】西红柿 148样子像小船,角儿两头翘,骨头在外面,肉儿里头包。(打一植物)【谜底】菱角 149弟兄六七个,围着柱子坐,大家一分手,衣服全扯破。(打一植物)【谜底】大蒜 150脱去黄金袍,露出白玉体,身子比豆小,名字有三尺。(打一植物)【谜底】大米 151号称山大王,树干冲天长,叶儿尖似针,造屋好做梁。(打一植物)【谜底】杉树 152身穿绿衣裳,肚里水汪汪,生的子儿多,个个黑脸膛。(打一植物)【谜底】西瓜 153四季常青绿,只是花开难,摊开一只手,尖针已扎满。(打一植物)【谜底】仙人掌 154打起高柄伞,穿起麻布衣,生来不怕热,为何脱我衣。(打一植物)【谜底】棕榈树 155蓬蓬又松松,三月飞空中,远看像雪花,近看一团绒。(打一植物)【谜底】柳絮 156有根不着地,有叶不开花,日里随水漂,夜里不归家。(打一植物)【谜底】浮萍 157一个老汉高又高,身上挂着千把刀,样子像刀不能砍,洗衣赛过好肥皂。(打一植物)【谜底】皂角树 158树大如伞叶层层,一生可活几千年,人人爱它做橱箱,香气扑鼻质量坚。(打一植物)【谜底】樟树 159皮肉粗糙手拿针,悬岩绝壁扎下根,一年四季永长青,昂首挺立伴风云。(打一植物)【谜底】松树 160天南地北都能住,春风给我把辫梳,溪畔湖旁搭凉棚,能撒雪花当空舞。(打一植物)【谜底】柳树 161花中君子艳而香,空谷佳人美名扬,风姿脱俗堪钦佩,纵使无人也自芳。(打一植物)【谜底】兰花 162青枝绿叶颗颗桃,外面骨头里面毛,待到一天桃子老,里面骨头外面毛。(打一植物)【谜底】棉花 163幼儿不怕冰霜,长大露出锋芒,老来粉身碎骨,仍然洁白无双。(打一植物)【谜底】麦子 164池中有个小姑娘,从小生在水中央,粉红笑脸迎风摆,身挨绿船不划浆。(打一植物)【谜底】荷花 165小小金坛子,装着金饺子,吃掉金饺子,吐出白珠子。(打一植物)【谜底】橘子 166生根不落地,有叶不开花,街上有人卖,园里不种它。(打一植物)【谜底】豆芽 167小时胖乎乎,老来皮肉皱,吃掉它的肉,吐出红骨头。(打一植物)【谜底】枣 168头戴节节帽,身穿节节衣,年年二三月,出土赴宴席。(打一植物)【谜底】竹笋 169红口袋,绿口袋,有人害怕有人爱。(打一植物)【谜底】辣椒 170上搭棚,下搭棚,开黄花,结青龙。(打一植物)【谜底】丝瓜 171小时青,老来黄,金色屋里小姑藏。(打一植物)【谜底】谷子 172青青果,圆溜溜,咬一口皱眉头。(打一植物)【谜底】梅子 173小小花儿爬篱笆,张开嘴巴不说话,红紫白蓝样样有,个个都像小喇叭。(打一植物)【谜底】牵牛花 174干短杈多叶子大,青色灯笼树上挂,要是用它把油榨,家具船舱寿命加。(打一植物)【谜底】油桐树 175空心苗,叶儿长,挺直腰杆一两丈,老时头发白苍苍,光长穗子不打粮。(打一植物)【谜底】芦苇 176青青蛇儿满地爬,蛇儿遍身开白花,瓜儿长长茸毛生,老君装药要用它。(打一植物)【谜底】葫芦 177扎根不与菊为双,娇艳瑰丽放异香,唤作拒霜不相称,看来却是最宜霜。(打一植物)【谜底】芙蓉 178远看似火红艳艳,近看花儿六个瓣,拔起根来看一看,结着一串山药蛋。(打一植物)【谜底】山丹丹 花 179一种植物生得巧,不是豆类也结角,果实制药可止血,白花可以做染料。(打一植物)【谜底】槐树 180不是葱不是蒜,一层一层裹紫缎,说葱比葱长得矮,像蒜就是不分瓣。(打一植物)【谜底】洋葱 181叶子细小干儿瘦,结的果儿如葡萄,药用可以治蛔虫,名字一听味不好。(打一植物)【谜底】苦楝树 182得天独厚艳而香,国色天香美名扬,不爱攀附献媚色,何惧飘落到他乡。(打一植物)【谜底】牡丹 183干高杈多叶如爪,一到深秋穿红袄,球状果实刺儿多,驱风祛湿有疗效。(打一植物)【谜底】枫树 184叶子茂盛价值大,养蚕硬是需要它,本来栽有千万棵,又说两株冤枉大。(打一植物)【谜底】桑树 185身体圆圆没有毛,不是桔子不是桃,云里雾里过几夜,脱去绿衣换红袍。(打一植物)【谜底】柿子 186小刺猬,毛外套,脱了外套露紫袍,袍里套着红绒袄,袄里睡个小宝宝。(打一植物)【谜底】栗子 187把把绿伞土里插,条条紫藤地上爬,地上长叶不开花,地下结串大甜瓜。(打一植物)【谜底】红薯 188小小伞兵随风飞,飞到东来飞到西,降落路边田野里,安家落户扎根基。(打一植物)【谜底】蒲公英 189春穿绿衣秋黄袍,头儿弯弯垂珠宝,从幼到老难离水,不洗澡来只泡脚。(打一植物)【谜底】水稻 190圆圆铜钱挂满身,青皮青骨园中生,本是高低不统一,硬说长得一样齐。(打一植物)【谜底】芥菜 191味道甜甜营养多,谁说无花只结果,其实花开密又小,切莫被名所迷惑。(打一植物)【谜底】无花果 192紫藤绿叶满棚爬,生来就开紫色花,紫花长出万把刀,又作药用又吃它。(打一植物)【谜底】扁豆 193园林三月风兼雨,桃李飘零扫地空,唯有此花偏耐久,绿枝又放数枝红。(打一植物)【谜底】山茶花 194东风融雪水明沙,烂漫芳菲满天涯,艳丽茂美枝强劲,路上行人不忆家。(打一植物)【谜底】桃花 195壳儿硬,壳儿脆,四个姐妹隔床睡,从小到大背靠背,盖着一床疙瘩被。(打一植物)【谜底】核桃 196叶儿长长牙齿多,树儿杈杈结刺果,果皮青青果内黑,剥到心中雪雪白。(打一植物)【谜底】板栗树 197谁说石家穷,家里真不穷,推开金板壁,珠宝嵌屏风。(打一植物)【谜底】石榴 198个儿小小,头尾尖尖,初尝皱眉,再吃开颜。(打一植物)【谜底】橄榄 199体圆似球,色红如血,皮亮如珠,汁甜如蜜。(打一植物)【谜底】樱桃 200生在山里,死在锅里,藏在瓶里,活在杯里。(打一植物)【谜底】茶叶 201铜盆粗棵树,芝麻大点叶,任凭山岩坚,千年见苍翠。(打一植物)【谜底】柏树 202脱了红袍子,是个白胖子,去了白胖子,剩个黑丸子。(打一植物)【谜底】荔枝 203青皮包白肉,像个大枕头,莫听名字冷,热天菜场有。(打一植物)【谜底】冬瓜 204有叶不开花,开花不见叶,花开百花前,飘香傲风雪。(打一植物)【谜底】梅花 205说它是棵苗,为啥有知觉,轻轻一碰它,低头叶合了。(打一植物)【谜底】含羞草 206茎儿许多根,果子泥里存,没花也没叶,没枝也没根。(打一植物)【谜底】荸荠 207红线吊绿球,吊上树梢头,不怕风和雨,只怕贼来偷。(打一植物)【谜底】猕猴桃 208陶令最怜伊,山径细栽培,群芳冷落后,独自殿东篱。(打一植物)【谜底】菊花 209状如蘑菇一珍宝,当年白蛇将它盗,其实是味好草药,滋补健身价值高。(打一植物)【谜底】灵芝 210一个婆婆园中站,身上挂满小鸡蛋,又有红来又有绿,既好吃来又好看。(打一植物)【谜底】枣树 211皮儿薄,壳儿脆,四姐妹,隔墙睡,从小到大背靠背,裹着一层疙瘩被。(打一植物)【谜底】蓖麻 212身子长,个不大,遍体长着小疙瘩,有人见了皱眉头,有人见了乐开花。(打一植物)【谜底】苦瓜 213身材瘦瘦个儿高,叶儿细细披绿袍,别看样子像青蒿,香气扑鼻味儿好。(打一植物)【谜底】芹菜 214粉妆玉琢新世界,傲霜斗雪花自开,岁寒为报春来早,姐妹亲朋喜开怀。(打一植物)【谜底】梅花 215白天一到芬芳断,夜晚香味飘散远,飞虫闻味来传粉,秘密皆在花瓣间。(打一植物)【谜底】夜来香 216一团幽香口难言,色如丹桂味如莲,真身已归西天去,十指尖尖在人间。(打一植物)【谜底】佛手 217红嘴绿鹦哥,吃了营养多。 (打一植物)【谜底】菠菜 218黄包袱,包黑豆,尝一口,甜水流。 (打一植物)【谜底】梨 219紫色树,开紫花,紫色果里盛芝麻。 (打一植物)【谜底】茄子 220白胖娃娃泥里卧,腰身细细心眼多。 (打一植物)【谜底】藕 221俺家一个哥哥,讨个黑脸老婆。(打一用具)【谜底】锅 222八个蚂蚁抬棍棍,一个蚂蚁棍上昆。【谜底】六 223白白一片似雪花,落下水里不见。(打一物)【谜底】盐 224白白胖胖。(打一动物)【谜底】蚕 225白胖娃娃泥里藏,腰身细细心眼多。(打一植物)【谜底】藕 226白床铺,黄帐子。(打一植物)【谜底】桂圆 227白糖梅子真稀奇。(打一食物)【谜底】元宵 228明又明,亮又亮,一团火球挂天上,冬天呆的时间短,夏天呆的时间长。(打一自然现象)【谜底】太阳 229来到屋里,赶也赶不走,时间一到,不赶就会走。(打一自然现象)【谜底】太阳光 230有时候,圆又圆,有时候,弯又弯,有时晚上出来了,有时晚上看不见。(打一自然现象)【谜底】月亮 231千条线,万条线,掉到水里看不见。(打一自然现象)【谜底】雨 232弯弯一座彩色桥,高高挂在半山腰,七色鲜艳真正好,一会儿工夫不见了。(打一自然现象)【谜底】 彩虹 233说象糖,它不甜,说象盐,又不咸,冬天有时一片,夏天谁都不见。(打一自然现象)【谜底】雪 234小白花,飞满天,下到地上象白面,下到水里看不见。(打一自然现象)【谜底】雪 235我到处乱跑,谁也捉不到,我跑过树林,树木都弯腰,我跑过大海,大海的波浪高又高(打一自然 现象)【谜底】风 236从低到高,由浓到淡,忽左忽右,跟着风走。(打一自然现象)【谜底】烟 237用手拿不起,用刀劈不开,煮饭和洗衣,都得请我来。(打一自然物)【谜底】水 238远看白光光,近看玻璃样,越冷越结实,一热水汪汪。(打一自然物)【谜底】冰 239没有身体倒会活,没有舌头会说话,谁也没有见过它,倒都叫它说过话。(打一自然现象)【谜底】回 声 240兄弟七八个,围着柱子坐,大家一分家,衣服就扯破。(打一植物)【谜底】蒜 241好象苹果红又红,好象柿子没有盖,能当水果能当菜,营养好来人人爱。(打一植物)【谜底】西红柿 242身体长又长,开花黄又黄,脸蛋儿象太阳,籽儿香又香。(打一植物)【谜底】向日葵 243紫色树,开紫花, 开过紫花结紫瓜,紫瓜里面装芝麻。(打一植物) 【谜底】茄子 244红口袋,绿口袋,有人怕,有人爱,爱它是样好小菜,怕它吃到嘴里眼泪来。 (打一植物)【谜底】 辣椒 245红公鸡,绿公鸡,身子钻在泥底下,你要捉住它,揪住尾巴用力拔。(打一植物)【谜底】胡萝卜 246圆圆红罐罐儿,扣着圆盖盖儿, 甜甜的蜜水儿,满满盛一罐儿。 (打一植物)【谜底】柿子 247去年秋天撒下种,长出绿苗过一冬。开春它还接着长,等到夏天黄澄澄。(打一植物)【谜底】冬小麦 248农民春天种上它,夏天它就开了花。秋天结果象个桃,桃子裂了开白花。(打一植物)【谜底】棉花 249一只大公鸡,天天在这里,晚上不进笼,早上也不啼。(打一植物)【谜底】鸡冠花 250远看象把小绿伞,近看象个大绿盘,水珠掉进绿盘里,好象珍珠滚滚圆。(打一植物)【谜底】荷花 251一个小姑娘,坐在水中央,穿着粉红袄,模样真漂亮。(打一植物)【谜底】荷花 252白胖胖,四方方,一块一块摆桌上,能做菜,能做汤,常常吃它有营养。(打一食物)【谜底】豆腐 253身上一身毛,头上两个角,火气真不小,还会哞哞叫。(打一动物)【谜底】牛 254大耳朵,噘嘴巴,吃起饭来巴达巴,细尾巴,胖嘟嘟,吃罢就睡呼噜噜。(打一动物)【谜底】猪 255小小售货员,肩上不挑担,背上背着针,满地到处串。(打一动物)【谜底】刺猬 256尖尖的嘴巴象老鼠,一身茸毛尾巴粗。爱在森林里边住,爱吃松子爱上树。(打一动物)【谜底】松鼠 257身穿绿袍小英雄,夏天田里捉害虫,冷风吹来找不见,春天又在池塘里。(打一动物)【谜底】青蛙 258鸟儿鸟儿嘴巴长,黑黑的尾巴花衣裳,一天到晚勤工作,好象医生治病忙, 敲树干,当当当,要把害虫吃个光。(打一动物)【谜底】啄木鸟 259小小姑娘黑又黑,秋天走了春天回,带着一把小剪刀,半天空里飞呀飞。(打一动物)【谜底】燕子 260小黑妮儿会干活,自个叼泥来作窝。唧唧唧,唱起歌,飞来飞去把虫捉。(打一动物)【谜底】燕子 261名字叫做牛,不会拉犁走,别说它的力气小,能够背起屋子走。(打一动物)【谜底】蜗牛 262没有脚,没有手,背上房子到处走,有谁把它碰一碰,赶紧躲进房里头。(打一动物)【谜底】蜗牛 263白天草里住,晚上往外飞,带着灯儿把路照,飞来飞去不怕黑。(打一动物)【谜底】萤火虫 264好象一架小飞机,前后翅膀挨一起,睁大眼睛找小虫,吞到细细肚子里。(打一动物)【谜底】蜻蜓 265黄衣裳,金翅膀,飞来飞去做工忙。它的本领大,还会造小房。做出好吃的,留给大家尝。谁敢欺负 它,留神它的枪。(打一动物)【谜底】蜜蜂 266小小虫儿很勤劳,它本领真不小,会把粮食搬,还会打地道。(打一动物)【谜底】蚂蚁 267八把尖刀,两把剪刀,身背皮箱,走路横跑。(打一动物)【谜底】螃蟹 268驼背老公公,胡子毛烘烘,热火锅里去洗澡,青袍换成大给红袍。(打一动物)【谜底】虾 269小小石头硬又白,整整齐齐排两排。天天早起刷干净,结结实实不爱坏。(打一人体器官)【谜底】牙 齿 270哥儿十个分两家,干起活来要请它。开机器,种庄稼,越干越巧劲越大。(打一人体器官)【谜底】手 271四四方方一座楼,大人小人住里头, 小人有嘴不开口,大人开口又动手。 (打一文艺样式)【谜底】 木偶戏 272一匹马儿两人骑,这边高来那边低, 虽然马儿不会跑,两人骑着笑嘻嘻。 (打一玩具)【谜底】跷跷 板 273一座桥,地上架,走着上去坐着下。 (打一玩具)【谜底】滑梯 274一个风箱真奇怪,一拉它就唱起来。 (打一乐器)【谜底】手风琴 275一根竹管二尺长,开了七个小圆窗, 对准一个小窗口,吹阵风就把歌唱。 (打一乐器)【谜底】笛子 276一间房子扁又长,上边开了许多窗,用嘴吹进一阵风,好听的音乐多响亮。 (打一乐器)【谜底】口 琴 277一个大肚皮,生来怪脾气, 不打不做声,越打越欢喜。 (打一乐器)【谜底】鼓 278一个南瓜两头儿空,肚里开花放光明,有瓜没叶儿高高挂,照得面前一片红。 (打一物)【谜底】灯 笼 279天上一只鸟,用线拴得牢, 不怕大风吹,就怕细雨飘。 (打一玩具)【谜底】风筝 280圆头圆脑小东西,没骨头没肉光有皮,一打跳得三尺高,肚里憋着一包气。( 打一体育器材)【谜底 】皮球 281圆圆的身体皮儿薄,有红有绿颜色好,拴在线上随风舞,撒手高飞天上飘。 (打一物)【谜底】气球 282有脚不会走,有嘴不开口, 脸儿洗不得,一洗就变丑。 (打一玩具)【谜底】泥娃娃 283一位公公精神好,从小到老不睡觉。身体轻,劲不小,左推右推推不倒。(打一玩具)【谜底】不倒翁 284一个娃娃小不点,一件红袄身上穿,香火把它的辫子点,大叫一声飞上天。(打一物)【谜底】爆竹 285天上飞,不是鸟,前边翅膀大,后边翅膀小,喝饱汽油飞得高。(打一交通工具)【谜底】飞机 286钢铁身子重万斤,搁在水里它不沉。不怕风浪大,就怕水不深。(打一交通工具)【谜底】轮船或军舰 287长长一条龙,走路轰隆隆, 遇水过铁桥,遇山钻山洞, 脚下钢轮力气大,日行千里真威风。 (打一交通工具)【谜底】火车 288四脚圆滚滚,眼睛亮晶晶, 嘀嘀叫一声,招手过路人。 (打一交通工具)【谜底】汽车 289说是牛,不是牛, 不吃草,光喝油,工人叔叔送它来,支援农业大丰收。 (打一机具)【谜底】拖拉 机 290你说稀奇不稀奇 汽车长着长胳膊, 抓起东西往上举,千斤万斤不费力。 (打一机具)【谜底】起重 机 291一匹马儿真正好,没有尾巴没有脚, 不喝水来不吃草,骑上它就满街跑。 (打一交通工具)【谜底】 自行车 292木头身上铁脚板,带它下地把活干。干活还得人扶着,翻的土地松又软。 (打一机具)【谜底】犁 293歪脖子,宽嘴巴,跟着人走头朝下,野草见它就害怕,农民伯伯要用它。(打一工具)【谜底】锄头 294一根小木棒,安个弯月亮。秋天收庄稼,请它来帮忙。(打一工具)【谜底】镰刀 295四四方方一块布,嘴和鼻子都盖住, 两根带子耳上挂,不怕风沙不怕土。 (打一物)【谜底】口罩 296十个客人十间屋,冷了进去暖了出。 (打一物)【谜底】手套 297小小两只船,没桨又没帆,白天带它到处走,黑夜停在床跟前。(打一物)【谜底】鞋 298一本书,天天看,看了一篇撕一篇。一年到头多少天,小书撕下多少篇。(打一物)【谜底】日历 299一件东西大无边,能装三百多个天,还装月亮十二个,它换衣服过新年。(打一物)【谜底】日历 300它是我的好朋友,每个同学全都有, 笔墨书本帮我拿,可我还得背它走。 (打一物)【谜底】书包 301大哥说话先摘帽,二哥说话先脱衣,三哥说话先喝水,四哥说话飘雪花。(打四文具) 【谜底】毛笔,铅笔,钢笔,粉笔 302小黑人儿细又长,穿着木头花衣裳。画画写字它全会,就是不会把歌唱。(打一文具)【谜底】铅笔 303身体有圆也有方,常在铅笔盒里装, 要是写错一个字,它会马上来帮忙。 (打一文具)【谜底】橡皮 304白娃娃,爬黑墙, 越爬个儿越变小,再也没法往上长。 (打一文具)【谜底】粉笔 305南边来了个黑大哥,炉里钻来火里坐,只要火里坐一阵,黑大哥变成红大哥。(打一物)【谜底】煤 306青色糕,红色糕,不能吃,不能咬, 点心铺里买不到,要盖房子少不了。 (打一物)【谜底】砖头 307一样东西亮晶晶,又光又硬又透明,工人叔叔造出来,它的用处数不清。(打一物)【谜底】玻璃 308别看它的身子小,头上戴顶大白帽,睁开眼睛屋里亮,地上蚂蚁也能找得到。 (打一物)【谜底】电 灯 309一朵花儿开得大,藤儿牵着高高挂。 没有香味没有叶,会唱歌来会说话。 (打一物)【谜底】扩音器 310一间小木房,没门光有窗；只要窗户亮,又说又笑把歌唱。(打一物)【谜底】收音机 311叮铃铃,叮铃铃,一头说话一头听。俩人不见面,说话听得清。(打一物)【谜底】电话 312小铁柱儿胆不小,头戴玻璃平顶帽。一只眼睛亮闪闪,哪儿黑往哪儿瞧。 (打一物)【谜底】手电筒 313溜溜圆,光闪闪,两根针,会动弹,一根长,一根短,嘀哒嘀哒转圈圈。(打一物)【谜底】钟表 314弟弟长,哥哥短,两人赛跑大家看,弟弟跑了十二圈,哥哥一圈才跑完。(打一物)【谜底】钟表 315绿娃娃,街上站,光吃饼干不吃饭。(打一物)【谜底】邮箱 316小小木房站路旁,两边开着活门窗。要使街道干干净,果皮纸屑往里装。(打一物)【谜底】垃圾箱 317红公鸡,起得早,起来不会喔喔叫,屋里走一遭,尘土都跑掉。(打一用具)【谜底】鸡毛掸 318浑身是毛一条腿,土怕它来它怕水。(打一用具)【谜底】鸡毛掸 319千只脚,万只脚,站不住,靠墙角。(打一用具)【谜底】扫把 320平又平,亮又亮,平平亮亮桌上放。它会告诉你,脸上脏不脏。 (打一用具)【谜底】镜子 321明明亮亮,又平又光, 谁来看它,跟谁一样。 (打一用具)【谜底】镜子 322脸儿亮光光,站在桌子上,妹妹跑过去,他给照个像。(打一用具)【谜底】镜子 323又圆又扁肚里空,活动镜子在当中,大人小孩都爱它,每天向它鞠个躬。(打一用具)【谜底】脸盆 324看看象块糕,不能用嘴咬,洗洗衣服洗洗手,生出好多白泡泡。(打一用具)【谜底】肥皂 325我的身体细又长,头长白毛身上光。从来就爱讲卫生,天天嘴里走两趟。(打一用具)【谜底】牙刷 326一个小儿郎,每天站桌上。肚里滚滚热,肚皮冰冰凉。一个大耳朵,穿件花衣裳。(打一用具)【谜底 】暖水瓶 327大碗长着俩耳朵,比碗盛得多得多,不怕水,不怕火,爱在炉台上面坐。(打一用具)【谜底】锅 328一根柱子好些梁,没有门窗没有墙,好象一座小亭子,用它挡雨遮太阳。(打一用具)【谜底】伞 329个儿不算大,帮着人看家, 身子用铁打,辫子门上挂。 (打一用具)【谜底】锁 330兄弟几个人,各进一道门,那个进错了,看了笑死人。(打一物)【谜底】扣子 331身细头尖鼻子大,一根线儿拴住它, 帮助妈妈缝衣裳,帮助姐姐来绣花。 (打一日常用具)【谜底】 针 332一根小棍儿,顶个圆粒儿, 小孩儿玩它,容易出事儿。 (打一日常用具)【谜底】火柴 333小房子里,住满弟弟,擦破头皮,立刻火起。(打一日常用具)【谜底】火柴 334身体细长,兄弟成双,光爱吃菜,不爱喝汤。(打一日常用具)【谜底】筷子 335一个小碗尾巴长,能盛饭菜能盛汤。盛上又倒了,倒了再盛上。(打一日常用具)【谜底】小勺 336一个瓜,腰上挂,抽了筋,就开花,消灭敌人要用它。\n\n从这336题谜语中能推断出中国人常吃哪些食物?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "17ff7807cb8e4265b99300e4118b3fce", "conversation_index": 218525, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 978, "prompt": "Aubergine \t- \t- \tPaprika, Tomate \nBlumenkohl \tBuschbohnen, Endivien, Erbsen, Gurken, Rote Bete, Sellerie, Spinat \t- \tKartoffeln, Kohl, Knoblauch, Porree, Rhabarber, Schnittlauch, Zwiebeln \nBuschbohnen \tBohnenkraut, Erdbeeren, Dill, Gurken, Kartoffeln, Kohl, Kohlrabi, Kopf- und Pflücksalat, Mangold, Radieschen, Rettich, Rhabarber, Rote Bete, Sellerie, Spinat, Tomaten\tErdbeeren, Kartoffel, Mais, Meerrettich, Möhren, Petersilie, Rhabarber, Schwarzwurzeln, Spinat, Zucchini\tErbsen, Fenchel, Knoblauch, Lauch, Porree, Schnittlauch, Zwiebeln\nBohnenkraut \tBuschbohnen, Kopf- und Pflücksalat, Rote Bete\t- \t- \nDill \tBuschbohnen, Erbsen, Gurken, Kohl, Kopf- und Pflücksalat, Möhren, Rote Bete, Zwiebeln\t- \t- \nEndivie \tFenchel, Kohl, Lauch, Porree, Stangenbohne,\t- \t- \nErbsen \tDill, Fenchel, Gurken, Kohl, Kohlrabi, Kopfsalat, Möhre, Radieschen, Rettich, Sellerie, Zucchini \tErdbeeren, Gurke, Mangold, Mais, Meerrettich, Petersilie, Rhabarber, Rote Beete, Schwarzwurzeln, Spinat, Tomate, Zucchini,\tBohnen, Kartoffel, Knoblauch, Lauch, Tomaten, Porree, Zwiebeln \nErdbeeren \tBorretsch, Buschbohnen, Knoblauch, Kopfsalat, Lauch, Radieschen, Rettich, Schnittlauch, Spinat, Zwiebeln \tBohnen, Erbsen, Fenchel, Gurken, , Mangold, Mais, Meerrettich, Möhren, Petersilie, Rhabarber, Roter Rüben, Salate, Schwarzwurzeln, Sellerie, Spinat, Tomaten, Zucchini\tKartoffeln,Kohl\nFeldsalat \tErdbeeren, Radieschen \t- \t- \nFenchel \tEndivien, Erbsen, Feldsalat, Gurken, Kopf- und Pflücksalat, Sellerie\t- \tBuschbohnen, Stangenbohnen, Tomaten\nFrühlingszwiebeln Lauchzwiebeln\tBohnenkraut, Dill, Erdbeeren, Gurken, Kamille, Kohlrabi, Kopfsalat, Möhren, Lauch/Porree, Pastinake, Radieschen, Rote Bete/Rote Rüben, Feldsalate, Sellerie, Schwarzwurzeln, Tomaten, Zucchini\tFenchel, Knoblauch, Gurken, Mais, Mangold, Kartoffeln, Petersilie, Rhabarber, Spinat,\talle Bohnenarten, Erbsen, Rote Bete (Rote Rüben), Kartoffeln, Kohl, Radieschen, Rettich \nGurken \tBohnen, Dill, Erbsen, Fenchel, Knoblauch, Kohl, Kopfsalat, Koriander, Kümmel, Lauch, Rote Rüben, Sellerie, Zwiebeln\tErbsen, Erdbeeren, Kartoffeln, Lauch, Mangold, Mais, Meerrettich, Möhren, Petersilie, Rhabarber, Schwarzwurzeln, Sellerie, Spinat, Zucchini \tKartoffeln, Radieschen, Rettich, Tomaten \nKartoffel \tDicke Bohnen, Knoblauch, Kohlrabi, Pfefferminze, Kamille, Kapuzinerkresse, Meerrettich, Spinat, Tagetes \tBohnen, Erdbeeren, Fenchel, Gurken, Knoblauch, Lauch, Mangold, Mais, Möhren, Petersilie, Radieschen, Rettich, Rhabarber, Salate, Schwarzwurzeln, Zucchini, Zwiebeln \tErbsen, Gurken, Kürbis, Kohl, Rote Rüben, Sellerie, Sonnenblum"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "c2ceff9537a1f17d6444cd42b3cf9136e542163fb7e38b6e", "conversation_index": 6743, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5673, "prompt": "Q: Unable to Replicate App Review Crash\n\nI submitted my app for the first time to the App Store.  It was rejected because it crashed on launch.\nI combed through the crash log but it is not clear to me why the app crashed.  I also deployed my binary using Ad Hoc and i was unable to replicate the crash.  Out of the 511 lines in the trace only one of my methods appears.  Below is the code from the method that appears in the crash log.  There isn't anything obvious to me as to why it would crash and it works fine on the device when using Ad Hoc.\n- (void)bannerView:(ADBannerView *)banner didFailToReceiveAdWithError:(NSError *)error {\n    //    NSLog(@\"error in loading banner\");\n    self.csBannerViewToolbarVerticalSpace.constant = - self.csToolbarHeight.constant - self.bannerView.frame.size.height;\n    [UIView animateWithDuration:0.25\n                 animations:^{\n                     [self.view layoutIfNeeded]; // Called on parent view\n                 }];\n    self.adLoaded = NO;\n}\n\nHere is the crash log that apple sent me.  I include only the first 180 lines of the main thread trace.  It goes on for another 331 lines.\nIncident Identifier: BEE5DBAE-78AA-4B7A-A00E-8FD2EC491E4E\nCrashReporter Key:   45e776ed0586d581aba248bf3f23eaf42a231f2c\nHardware Model:      xxx\nProcess:             MyApp [5844]\nPath:                /private/var/mobile/Containers/Bundle/Application/9A5F7578-CAB5-460D-A24E-F33646E3177D/MyApp.app/MyApp\nIdentifier:          com.MyCompany.MyApp\nVersion:             1.1 (1.0)\nCode Type:           ARM-64 (Native)\nParent Process:      launchd [1]\n\nDate/Time:           2015-04-29 10:54:14.160 -0700\nLaunch Time:         2015-04-29 10:54:08.513 -0700\nOS Version:          iOS 8.3 (12F69)\nReport Version:      105\n\nException Type:  EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGILL)\nException Subtype: KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at 0x000000016fcdffb0\nTriggered by Thread:  0\n\nThread 0 name:  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread\nThread 0 Crashed:\n0   libsystem_malloc.dylib          0x000000019426e3e4 0x19425c000 + 74724\n1   libsystem_malloc.dylib          0x000000019426d060 0x19425c000 + 69728\n2   libsystem_malloc.dylib          0x000000019425d3e0 0x19425c000 + 5088\n3   libsystem_malloc.dylib          0x0000000194261a00 0x19425c000 + 23040\n4   CoreGraphics                    0x000000018260ae94 0x1825b4000 + 355988\n5   CoreGraphics                    0x00000001825c55f0 0x1825b4000 + 71152\n6   CoreGraphics                    0x00000001825c1730 0x1825b4000 + 55088\n7   CoreGraphics                    0x00000001825c0708 0x1825b4000 + 50952\n8   libRIP.A.dylib                  0x000000018297972c 0x182970000 + 38700\n9   libRIP.A.dylib                  0x0000000182978b00 0x182970000 + 35584\n10  CoreGraphics                    0x00000001825c0438 0x1825b4000 + 50232\n11  UIKit                           0x0000000186dcd610 0x186dac000 + 136720\n12  UIKit                           0x0000000186dcb5d0 0x186dac000 + 128464\n13  UIKit                           0x0000000186dcab68 0x186dac000 + 125800\n14  UIKit                           0x000000018710333c 0x186dac000 + 3502908\n15  UIKit                           0x0000000186dca58c 0x186dac000 + 124300\n16  UIKit                           0x00000001871d2d1c 0x186dac000 + 4353308\n17  UIKit                           0x0000000186e13854 0x186dac000 + 424020\n18  UIKit                           0x0000000186e79d7c 0x186dac000 + 843132\n19  UIKit                           0x0000000186db975c 0x186dac000 + 55132\n20  QuartzCore                      0x0000000186701e18 0x1866f4000 + 56856\n21  QuartzCore                      0x00000001866fc880 0x1866f4000 + 34944\n22  UIKit                           0x0000000186dcdf90 0x186dac000 + 139152\n23  UIKit                           0x0000000186f25658 0x186dac000 + 1545816\n24  UIKit                           0x0000000186f1d9f8 0x186dac000 + 1513976\n25  UIKit                           0x0000000186f1bb30 0x186dac000 + 1506096\n26  UIKit                           0x0000000186f168d4 0x186dac000 + 1485012\n27  UIKit                           0x000000018711476c 0x186dac000 + 3573612\n28  UIKit                           0x00000001872a76b4 0x186dac000 + 5224116\n29  UIKit                           0x00000001872a7370 0x186dac000 + 5223280\n30  Foundation                      0x000000018335c394 0x183188000 + 1917844\n31  UIKit                           0x00000001872a76b4 0x186dac000 + 5224116\n32  UIKit                           0x00000001872a7370 0x186dac000 + 5223280\n33  UIKit                           0x00000001871dd144 0x186dac000 + 4395332\n34  UIKit                           0x00000001872a76b4 0x186dac000 + 5224116\n35  UIKit                           0x00000001872a7654 0x186dac000 + 5224020\n36  UIKit                           0x00000001872a7370 0x186dac000 + 5223280\n37  UIKit                           0x00000001871dc5a4 0x186dac000 + 4392356\n38  UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n39  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n40  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n41  MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n42  UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n43  UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n44  MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n45  iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n46  iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n47  Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n48  UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n49  CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n50  UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n51  UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n52  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n53  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n54  MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n55  UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n56  UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n57  MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n58  iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n59  iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n60  Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n61  UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n62  CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n63  UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n64  UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n65  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n66  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n67  MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n68  UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n69  UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n70  MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n71  iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n72  iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n73  Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n74  UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n75  CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n76  UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n77  UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n78  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n79  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n80  MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n81  UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n82  UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n83  MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n84  iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n85  iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n86  Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n87  UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n88  CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n89  UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n90  UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n91  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n92  UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n93  MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n94  UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n95  UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n96  MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n97  iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n98  iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n99  Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n100 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n101 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n102 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n103 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n104 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n105 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n106 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n107 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n108 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n109 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n110 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n111 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n112 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n113 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n114 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n115 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n116 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n117 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n118 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n119 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n120 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n121 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n122 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n123 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n124 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n125 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n126 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n127 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n128 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n129 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n130 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n131 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n132 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n133 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n134 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n135 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n136 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n137 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n138 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n139 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n140 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n141 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n142 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n143 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n144 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n145 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n146 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n147 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n148 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n149 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n150 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n151 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n152 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n153 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n154 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n155 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n156 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n157 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n158 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n159 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n160 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n161 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n162 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n163 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n164 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n165 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n166 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n167 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n168 UIKit                           0x00000001870d8380 0x186dac000 + 3326848\n169 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbca24 0x186dac000 + 68132\n170 UIKit                           0x0000000186dbc990 0x186dac000 + 67984\n171 MyApp                       0x00000001000537f0 __63-[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:]_block_invoke (EBMainViewController.m:596)\n172 UIKit                           0x0000000186df176c 0x186dac000 + 284524\n173 UIKit                           0x0000000186df1564 0x186dac000 + 284004\n174 MyApp                       0x0000000100053798 -[EBMainViewController bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError:] (EBMainViewController.m:594)\n175 iAd                             0x0000000187a500dc 0x187a4c000 + 16604\n176 iAd                             0x0000000187a4fc00 0x187a4c000 + 15360\n177 Foundation                      0x00000001831b547c 0x183188000 + 185468\n178 UIKit                           0x00000001870906fc 0x186dac000 + 3032828\n179 CoreFoundation                  0x00000001822a751c 0x182254000 + 341276\n180 UIKit                           0x00000001871dc79c 0x186dac000 + 4392860\n\nI would appreciate any suggestions on how to interpret my crash log and/or how to replicate the crash on my device.  Thanks in advance.\n\nA: It's definitely an infinite recursion. \nTry to fail ad loading, I'd start with something simple like turn off wifi/cellular data. Or you can replace your ad loading logic with manual failure — just call your own failure block instead of ad loading.\n\nWhat is the intended functionality of the bannerView:didFailToReceiveAdWithError: method that appears in the crash log?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "17705c7ae08b47a89ea58592fb36b2a3", "conversation_index": 731696, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 999, "prompt": "I'm going to paste a spreadsheet, I want you to tell me how much was spent in this period cumulatively Details\tPosting Date\tColumn1\tDescription\tAmount\tType\tBalance\nDEBIT\t04/07/2023\t\tCITI AUTOPAY     PAYMENT    081031635682939 WEB ID: CITICARDAP\t-74.25\tACH_DEBIT\t17591.51\nDEBIT\t04/05/2023\t\tREMITLY INC      REMITTANCE TB7Z98G67VWUC7T WEB ID: 1452441988\t-3000\tACH_DEBIT\t17665.76\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/05/2019\t0.02\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.76\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.05\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.74\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/05/2019\t0.07\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.69\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.21\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.62\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/01/2019\t0.29\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.41\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/28/2019\t0.41\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20665.12\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.43\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20664.71\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/25/2019\t0.44\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20664.28\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/27/2019\t0.45\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20663.84\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.47\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20663.39\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/06/2019\t0.53\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20662.92\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.53\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20662.39\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/27/2019\t0.53\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20661.86\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/26/2019\t0.57\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20661.33\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/06/2019\t0.59\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20660.76\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/05/2019\t0.67\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20660.17\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 03/04/2019\t0.77\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20659.5\nCREDIT\t03/17/2023\t\tREFUND OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ADJUSTMENT FEE CHARGED ON 02/28/2019\t0.9\tREFUND_TRANSACTION\t20658.73\nCREDIT\t"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "8366996f34210175066e6ed495cf803ccc3e4e9ae1d231e9", "conversation_index": 5623, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 56279, "prompt": "An investigation of student performance and satisfaction in online courses using Kolb's learning style inventoryAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence that learning styles, as measured by the Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory, had on student performance, and satisfaction in undergraduate online courses. The participants included students (N=100) enrolled in online math courses at a small, private university in the Southeastern United States. Each participant was categorized into four different groups (Accommodators, Divergers, Assimilators, and Convergers) utilizing the electronic version of Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory 3.1. For satisfaction measures, the Student Satisfaction Survey was used (Strachota, 2006). The research design measured the relationship between learning styles, as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (IV), and student performance and satisfaction (DV) in an online course. Half of the participants were assigned to the experimental group, which answered the Kolb Inventory, whereas the other half remained unaware of their own learning style. This quasi-experimental, control and treatment group comparison was used to contrast means between groups on performance and satisfaction. Results of this study indicated that learning style had an effect on both performance and satisfaction.Table of ContentChapter 1: IntroductionStatement of the ProblemThe universities in the 21st century have been influenced by the advancement of technology.  Altbach, Reisberg, and Rumbley (2009) projected that in a few years, traditional universities will be replaced by innovation in technology and distance education.  Many educators and educational researchers have predicted that Internet-based distance higher education would become a central part of the delivery (Moller & Huett, 2012). With the proliferation of technology at low costs and with the ease of access to the World Wide Web, online instruction over the Internet has become a supplement and/or replacement of traditional classes (Huang, Lin & Huang, 2012).  In fact, in 2011, it was estimated that about $35.6 billion was spent on self-paced e-learning across the globe (Pappas, 2015).  In the United States, the number of students taking at least one distance course was 3.9%, up from the 3.7% rate from 2013 to 2014 (Allen & Seaman, 2016).In addition, the Docebo report (2014) on e-learning market trends stated that by the year 2019 “half of all college classes will be online-based.  However, there is still a belief that differences in individual cognitive styles and learning behaviors which are reflected in their  learning styles, have affected the performance of online students” (E-Learning Market Trends & Forecast 2014 - 2016 Report, 2014, p.7). Furthermore, Tremblay, Lalancette, and Roseveare (2012) indicated that “internet-based online instructional delivery is the fastest growing type or sector of higher education in many countries” (p.24).  According to Allen and Seaman (2013a), there are at least “7.1 million students taking at least one online course in the United States” (p.6).  In addition, the researchers discovered that “70.8% of academic leaders believed that online learning is critical to their institution’s long-term strategy” (p 4).According to Merriam, Caffarella, and Baumgartner (2007) Internet-based learning (e-learning) takes place when a teacher and student are separated by physical distance and technology connect the distance gap.  E-learning permits education access seven days a week, and twenty-four hours a day (Akkoyunlu & Soylu, 2008), which allows access to a vast number of students (Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004; Osguthorpe & Graham, 2003). These days, students come to the learning environment with a different series of knowledge and proficiencies that are either unnoticed or unaddressed by educators (Considine, Horton & Moorman, 2009).  Most of today’s college students are “techno-savvy” (Stanford & Reeves, 2009), however, they are feeling dissatisfied with the educational system (Haynes, 2012).  According to Blashki, Nichol, Jia and Prompramote (2007), this is due to, “the failing of educational institutions to address the learning needs and perhaps equally important, the learning styles of their students (p.410).  Schunk (2012) indicated that “social, cultural, and technological changes require educational institutions to adapt to their environments and survive” (p. 16).  Since the beginning of the 21th century, the educational environment has experienced a radical change. The educational environment has placed more emphasis on the role of the learner and technology (Ezeh & Ohia, 2014).  However, instructional designers and educators should take into consideration the students’ cognitive styles and learning preferences since these variables could affect the success in this new type of course delivery (Sheard & Lynch, 2003).  In addition, Sheard and Lynch (2003) claim that, “accommodating learner difference will ultimately enhance students’ learning experiences and learning outcomes” (p. 244). Furthermore, learning style preferences are unique among individuals (Herrmann-Nehdi, 2015; Mupinga, Nora, & Yaw, 2006).  Understanding how learning takes place and the mental activities performed during the learning process are important for educators, and educational psychologists (Wu, 2010).  For this reason, studies about how the brain acquires information and learning styles continue to evoke interest both in the past and today (Bielefeldt, 2006).The developments in neuroscience have supported an array of research which has provided us with a more complete picture of how learning occurs (Willingham & Lloyd, 2007).  For instance, neuroscientists have found that different parts of the brain perform different functions, and that learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain by expanding the brain’s capacity (Sousa, 2010).  It has also been discovered that learning is an individual process and each of us process information differently.  This influences how each of us grasp visual, aural, verbal, or tactile information (Sousa, 2010). In addition, advancement in technology such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), have aided neuroscientists to observe human learning processes directly (Kolb & Whishaw, 2003).  In fact, brain imaging is currently a most widely used neuro-scientific research tool employed when comparing people performing different tasks, for example, an “experimental” task and a “control” task (Camerer, Loewenstein & Prelec, 2005).  The images taken while a student is performing the two tasks provide a contrasting picture of regions of the brain when activated (Camerer, et al. 2005).  In order to further understand the human learning process, Kolb developed the experiential learning cycle model, also known as experiential learning theory (Zull, 2002). According to Kolb (1981), “The experiential learning model represents an integration of many of the intensive lines of research on cognitive development and cognitive style” (p.235). Ramsey (2005) stated that, “Kolb’s theory accentuates individual’s cognitive understanding and adaptation to a real world” (p.219). After many years of researching Kolb’s theory, Zull (2002) discovered a similarity between the experiential learning cycle and the structures of the brain.Experiential learning theory is one of the best known educational theories in higher education (Healey & Jenkins, 2000). It is grounded on the work of prominent scholars such as John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, Jean Piaget, William James, Carl Jung, Paulo Freire, and Carl Rogers who gave experience a perpetual theme in their human learning and development theories (Kolb, & Kolb, 2009). Additionally, Kolb’s theory gives a foundation for a compendium of learning methods, including independent learning, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention within the higher education field (Healey & Jenkins, 2000).The topic. The topic of this research study is to investigate whether learning styles influences satisfaction and performance in student enrolled in an online course. Many scholars have recognized that each individual human being possess their own learning style. However, the topic of learning styles is a controversial one. There are a great amount of researchers who claimed that there is no plausible evidence that learning styles actually exist. In addition, studies on online student retention has been another leading topic in higher education. Many higher education administrators and researchers have identified that satisfaction, not only increases performance, but is a major ingredient for students to succeed in an online course.   The research problem.   Online learning has been increasing and attracting many people in the world, however, it is difficult to create a course which addresses all the students learning styles.  Because of encountering these problems, Coffield, Moseley, Hall, and Ecclestone (2004) identified 71 models of learning styles which they categorized into five families.  This researcher decided to use the Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory because Mestre (2006) explained that out of all those learning styles’ models \"a number of studies have applied Kolb’s theory to investigate how learning styles affect e-learning” (p.29).Felder and Brent (2005), stated that the difficulty to create a one course for everyone is one of the major factors that affect learning.  The fact remains that people learn differently; therefore, they have different learning styles and process information differently (Sims & Sims, 1995; Felder, 1996).  Felder (1993) also argued that, “students whose learning styles are compatible with the teaching style of a course instructor tend to retain information longer, apply it more effectively, and have more positive post-course attitudes toward the subject than do their counterparts who experience learning/teaching style mismatches” (p.288). \tIn addition, supporters of learning styles argued that learning styles influence a student’s ability to participate successfully in an online course. Wooldridge (1995), assuming that selected learning styles are better for online courses, suggests that before students in higher education sign up for online courses, they should be made aware of their learning styles. This can help them make the decision as to whether an online course will be fit for their learning. Furthermore, Moan and Dereshiwsky (2002) caution that “not all distance education experts are convinced of their validity in predicting student success in online learning”. For example, Fahy and Ally (2005) stated that, “inconsistent outcomes are common regarding whether styles affect academic performance” (p. 6). Doherty and Maddux (2002) indicated that studies examining the relationship between learning styles and online learning have been inconclusive.  After investigating numerous studies on the relationship between learning styles and achievement, Santo (2006) discovered that there was not significant difference in performance between student enrolled in an online course and learning styles. The wealth of online educational programs has produced new choices for students. It has also created competition among programs and higher education institutions. In spite of these competitions, higher education administrators have been preoccupied with the high dropout rates in online learning in higher education institutions (Park & Choi, 2009). Concerned with this fact, administrators and researchers investigated factors that influence students’ drop out or lack of completion of distance learning courses to determine strategies that can be used to improve retention rate. Their findings revealed that satisfaction was a major factor which influences student decision on dropping out or completing an online course (Pritchett, 2009).Furthermore, three decades ago, Astin (1977) stated that, “It is difficult to argue that student satisfaction can be legitimately subordinated to any other educational outcome” (p. 164). Nowadays, many researchers and higher education administrators are concentrating on identifying and satisfying the needs and expectations of today’s students (DeShields, Kara, & Kaynak, 2005). In addition, Noel-Levitz (2009) predicted that, “As the number of online students increase, they will become a priority and their satisfaction will become a ‘core element’ for colleges and universities to assess in terms of satisfaction. This is because “satisfied students are more likely to be successful students” (p. 1).In the last century, researchers such as Biner, Barone, Welsh, and Dean (1994) stated that researchers did not give the proper attention to student satisfaction in distance learning environments.  In fact, Allen, Bourhis, Burrell, and Mabry (2002) found limited studies on online education and student satisfaction. However, those studies were from 1989-1999, which do not reflect the current data. In spite of this, in the last fifteen-years, countless studies have been conducted to measure the student satisfaction in online learning at university level (Butt & Rehman, 2010).  Additionally, Davis (2014) pointed out the concern as to whether higher education students are satisfied and can perform well in courses delivered in an online environment.  Unfortunately, “There is a lack of evidence or research aimed at determining the effects of online instruction on students’ levels of satisfaction and performance in online classes” (LeShea, 2013, p.13). Background and Justification. Online learning has been a current trend which has captivated interest of a voluminous amount of students every year.  A study conducted by the Hoover Research in 2010, found that universities worldwide have enrolled from 100,000 to over 500,000 students (Hoover Report, 2011).  A survey conducted by Allen and Seaman (2013b), discovered that U.S. institutions are seeing an increase in demand for online courses and programs than for F2F programs in 2010.  This means that three-quarters (74.5 percent) of all institutions participating in the survey reported an increase in the demand for online courses and programs (Allen & Seaman, 2015).Despite the great demand for online courses, there is inconclusive evidence supporting that online courses increase student performance.  A study conducted by Aragon, Johnson, and Shaik (2002), evaluated student learning styles and compared student performance in traditional courses with e-learning courses.  They found that “student outcome can be equal regardless of learning styles in either delivery format” (p.227).Similarly, the significance of learning styles in the context of the online learning environment has been analyzed and debated by researchers such as Adams (2007); Aragon, et al. (2002); and Miller & King (2003).  The majority of these studies have indicated no significant differences in learner performance outcomes or learner satisfaction with regards to online learning modality or individual learning style (Constantine, 2012). Arp, Woodard, and Mestre (2006) believed that this is because there is no one preferred set of learning styles that accommodates all students, or even one specific learning style that seems to best fit a particular ethnic or cultural group. Moreover, Ak (2008) supported the idea that learning styles and learning environment determines a student’s unique learning preference.  This action establishes a connection between the learning environment and the cognitive learning styles.  Sheard and Lynch (2003) stated that “individual’s preferred learning style is a significant factor in how learning is experienced and it also has an impact on learning outcomes when learners encounter new or complex problems or are presented with new information” (p. 250). Furthermore, the components that influence the academic success of students in an online program have always been of interest to researchers and educators (Bielefeldt, 2006).  One such element is cognitive preferences, which influences the learning experience for the student.  Naimie, Siraj, Piaw, Shagholi, and Abuzaid, (2010) indicated that “most of the research on online learning and learning styles has been cross-sectional in nature” (p.349).  Many of these studies focus on student learning styles and demographical variables such as gender, age, university major, ethnicity, and personality (Ahad, 2006; Naimie, et al., 2010; Marcy, 2010).  There is a plethora of studies which compare traditional and online methods of learning (Ferrara, 2009; Salcedo, 2010; Stack, 2015).  Unfortunately, there is a limited number of studies which look at the area of learning styles and student performance enrolled in an online course (Bawaneh, Abdullah, Saleh & Yin, 2011; Özgen, Tataroğlu, & Alkan, 2011).  Additionally, Astin (1993) indicated that, “Satisfaction is an important variable that influences the students’ level of motivation” (p.278) and this motivation is an important psychological factor in academic performance (Chute, Thompson, & Hancock, 1999; Donahue & Wong, 1997).  Garrath-Reed, Roberts, and Heritage (2016), reported mixed results when comparing student satisfaction in face-to-face and online courses. For instance, Sitzmann Kraiger, Stewart and Wisher (2006) and Taylor (2001) reported that levels of student satisfaction were similar for online and classroom-based courses. On the other hand, Poirier and Feldman (2004) reported that there are no differences in overall course satisfaction when comparing online psychology course and classroom- based psychology course. Deficiencies in the evidence.  Even though, it is widely accepted that matching instructional modes and learners’ cognitive style improve learning, researchers such as, Reiner and Willingham (2010) had a difficult time connecting the importance or the existence of learning styles to learning.  Coffield, et al. (2004) stated that “the theory and practice of learning styles has generated great interest and controversy over the past 20 years and more” (p. 1).Likewise, while reviewing learning style models, Santo (2006) attempted to discover evidence for the frequent claim that learning style affects the ability to do well in an online class.  The researcher’s review showed that learning style has almost no impact on online learning outcomes (Speece, 2012). Conversely, Bostrom, Olfman and Sein (1993), believed that learning style is a good predictor of an individual’s preferred learning behavior.  For instance, Graham, Garton, and Gowdy (2001) reported that “learning style has been found to be an important variable in students’ academic achievement” (p.31).  A study conducted by Cowley et al.  (2002) inferred that students may benefit from understanding their own learning style by taking measures to adjust the way they acquire knowledge.In addition, an important topic which is often addressed in discussions related to learning styles is whether styles are different from abilities (Rassaei, 2012).  Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer and Bjork (2009) argued that “the notion of learning style as a set of preferences and the notion of learning style as a specific aptitude are very closely intertwined in many discussions of learning styles. Moreover, it is believed that among the general public, the notion of learning styles and the notion of differential abilities are scarcely distinguished at all” (p. 109). Definitions are a problematic area in the literature and not every researcher agrees on one definition, even though there is evidence suggesting that learning styles are connected with aspects of cognitive ability (Bialystok & Frӧhlich, 1978; Messick, 1987).  Most researchers agree that learning preferences and cognitive styles are distinct from cognitive abilities. In addition, these researchers discovered that many investigators such as, Garratt-Reed, et al. (2016), O’Leary and Quinlan, (2007), and Sinclaire, (2011) observed that many studies on student satisfaction and satisfaction with online learning fail to define satisfaction. For the purpose of this study satisfaction is defined as “The perception of enjoyment and accomplishment in the learning environment” (Sweeney & Ingram, 2001). Furthermore, Massa and Mayer (2006), referred to cognitive style based on how individuals represent information, and learning preference on how individuals prefer the presentation of information. DeTure (2004) utilized the term cognitive styles to explain how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment. Santo (2006) indicated that, “Other researchers have used the term “learning styles” to describe what others called cognitive styles or even personality (p. 71).Audience. The target audience for this research is composed of higher education students, parents, counsellors, and all higher education personnel. The belief is that students engaged in online courses can excel if their learning styles and level of satisfaction is taken into consideration. Student satisfaction has been identified as significant cause of the quality of distance education (Belfer, 2000; Chang & Smith, 2008).  Therefore, designing online programs based on student learning style is vital. Beaudoin (2002) suggested that the degree of interaction and the participation of the students could influence the desirable outcomes in distance education courses.  Furthermore, the results of this study will add to the body of instructional design knowledge and the importance of adapting to the thinking styles competencies into online curriculums.  By doing this, the student will be more successful in this type of learning environment. Setting of the StudyThe study will be conducted at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU)-Worldwide Campus. ERAU is a well-known, private, nonprofit university which concentrate education and research connected to aviation and aerospace. Currently, the campus has more than 125 locations and serve more than 23,000 students around the world (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 2018a). It offers educational opportunities for working civilian and military professionals. This campus started offering online bachelor's degree programs since 1993-1994. In 2017, the US News and World Report ranked it number 8 in Best Colleges for Veterans and the best in Best Online Bachelor's Programs. In addition, the worldwide campus also ranked in the top 50 for its online, non-MBA graduate business programs (Hanns, 2018).The curriculum was created to fit the student’s busy lifestyles. At Embry-Riddle Worldwide and Online, students enjoy flexibility that allows them to pursue their career goals while developing new skills and expertise in an area of interest. Each section last nine-week, except the Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering degree, which last 12 weeks.  All online courses are delivered asynchronously, through EagleVision, their virtual classroom, which combines web video conferencing and learning management system software (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 2018b)The Researcher’s RoleWhen researchers conduct a study, they are responsible to follow a set of steps described in the scientific method of inquiry (Kerlinger & Lee, 2008; Leedy & Ormrod, 2001). This refers to the principles, procedures, and practices that govern empirical research (Kazdin, 2016). The following paragraphs addresses the roles of the researcher.It is the responsibility of this former student, to review and follow the ERAU and Nova Southeastern University’s IRB approved protocols.  This document was designed as a student guide to policies and procedures related to the conduct of research that are specific human subject’s research at the university.  The IRB requires that all student conducting research to review this guide before submitting to the IRB.  After studying this guide, the researcher must seek approval from IRB before conducting research involving human subjects.Even though it is impossible for any human being to be free of errors, it is important that the researcher promote accountability, trust, mutual respect and fairness among all the parties involved in a study (Sudeshna & Datt, 2016). Cozby and Bates (2015) stated, “Ethical practice is fundamental to the conceptualization, planning, execution, and evaluation of research” (p.44).  In addition, the researcher should be always objective. As Kumar (1996) explained, “objectivity is a moral concept before it is a methodological concept” (p.244). One of the roles of the researcher in qualitative research is to protect participants and the data. Before collecting the data, the researcher has an ethical duty to inform the participant of the study and seek their approval.  According to Bailey (2007) “an informed concern is the most common method to inform and seek approval from the participants” (p. 384).Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study is to investigate how knowledge of the student’s learning style measured by Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory 3rd edition (KLSI) influences the performance and satisfaction of students who are enrolled in an online course.   This dissertation can possibly guide educators when devising online courses to address the needs of students learning styles. The knowledge can empower students learning in making their educational choices and experiences more meaningful and fruitful.Definition of TermsAccommodator. - Combines active experimentation and concrete experience. Accommodators tend to be people-oriented and learn through trial-and-error problem solving (Raschick, Maypole, & Day 1998).Assimilator. - Combines reflective observation and abstract conceptualization. Assimilators are characterized by abstract thinking and a theoretical orientation (Raschick, Maypole, & Day, 1998).Converger. -Combines abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Convergers tend to have a good understanding of practical ideas and their application (Raschick, Maypole, & Day, 1998).Distance learning/distance education. - Institution-based, formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources, and instructors (Schlosser and Simonson 2009).Diverger. - Combines concrete experience and reflective observation. Divergers tend to use information from their senses and feelings (Raschick, Maypole, & Day, 1998).Experiential Learning Theory. - Model of the process of learning from experience. (Kolb, 1984)Grade Performance. - Grade performance is a measurement of academic success based upon students’ test and assignment scores. In this study, the accumulations of the test and assignment score results were used to calculate the final course grades. Thus, the final course grades were determined by the course instructor (KunhiMohamed, 2012).Learning. – Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984).Learning styles. - Individual method of students frequently used for receiving, collecting, processing, and interpreting information to become knowledgeable (Kolb, 1984; Damrongpanit, & Reungtragul, 2013). Learning Style Inventory. - Framework for examining one’s approach to learning situations, and an instrument for determining one’s learning style (Kolb, 1984).Online distance education. – For the purpose of this study, it is a course that uses the Internet to deliver all of the instructional content, with students not required to attend any face-to-face (F2F) meetings (Welsh, 2007).Online learning. - Learning structured to occur over the Internet, intranet, extranet, groupware, or other networks where the majority of instruction and learning occurs (Tompkins, 2007).Student satisfaction.  - The perception of enjoyment and accomplishment in the learning environment (Sweeney & Ingram, 2001). Chapter 2 - Literature ReviewTheoretical Framework This research embodies elements pertaining to the learning theory, and cognitive theory. The human brain contributes in every human emotion, thought and decision.  Understanding the human brain has been one of the greatest challenges for centuries.  The human brain is an enormously complex information processing system with a group of different yet firmly unified levels of organization: from genes, proteins, synapses and cells to microcircuits, brain regions, and the whole brain (Walker, 2012).  One of the most extraordinary attributes of the human brain is the ability to acquire knowledge.  Through the years, learning has been defined in various ways by different theorists, researchers, and educational practitioners; however, all of them concurred that learning processes play a central role in human development (Del Río, 2000).  Learning includes the acquisition and modification of knowledge, proficiencies, approaches, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors (Ertmer & Newby, 2008).  Learning happens every day, which imply that a new skill or a new concept is learned in a random and unsystematically manner.  Nevertheless, Castañeda (2004) argued, “if a learning situation is carefully observed, the observer will notice that learning is not as accidental as it seems” (p.16).While a universal agreement on definition is absent, many definitions employ common elements.  Shuell (1986) acknowledged that the study of learning “emphasizes on the manner in which people acquire new knowledge and skills and the way in which existing knowledge and skills are modified” (p. 412).  Based on this belief, Shuell (1986) defined learning as, “an enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience” (p. 2).  Ormond (2011) concurred that, “learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and worldviews” (p. 5).  For purposes of this study, the researcher used Ormond (2011) definition of learning. Learning Theory. Learning theories focus on the explanations of what happens when someone learns.  Langley and Simon (1981) defined learning as, “any process that modifies a system so as to improve more or less irreversible, its subsequent performance of the same task, or of tasks drawn from the same population\"(p. 367). The roots of learning theory can be traced to the early efforts of several theorists such as John Dewey, who predicted a special connection between technology and learning theory (Tennyson, 2010). Edward Thorndike has been considered the first modern educational psychologist who wanted to bring a scientific approach to the study of learning.  He alleged that learning was incremental and that people learned through a trial-and- error approach (Austin, Orcutt, & Rosso, 2001).  Robert Gagné hypothesized that the attainment of knowledge is facilitated by the hierarchical sequencing of content from elemental subordinate information to more complex skills (Tennyson, 2010).There are many labels used to describe a diversity of learning theories. However, the classification of learning theories can be organized into three main areas: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. This study will concentrate on cognitive theories.Cognitive theory of learning. There was a shift from behaviorism to cognitivism during the mid-twentieth century due to the inability of behaviorists to explain why and how individuals make sense of and process information (Yilmaz, 2011).  The works of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, and the Gestalt psychologists were instrumental in producing this dramatic shift (Yilmaz, 2011).Furthermore, the mid-1950s experienced the impact of cognitive theories in education.  Many cognitive psychologists witnessed an outbreak of theoretical and empirical works on cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and information processing (Shuell, 1986).  The primary goal of this new field was to investigate how knowledge is acquired, processed, stored, retrieved, and activated by the learner during the different phases of the learning process (Anderson, Reder, & Simon, 1997).  In addition, this cognitive school explains the acquisition of knowledge as a mental activity which includes internal coding and structuring by the learner (Derry, 1996; Spiro, Feltovich, Jacobson, & Coulson, 1993), and proposes that learning only happens under conditions that are aligned with the human cognitive architecture (Sobel, 2001).  Furthermore, cognitive psychologists believe that, learning is an active, constructive, and goal-oriented process (Yilmaz, 2011).Cognitive psychologists also proposed that learning is cumulative in nature (Good & Brophy 1990; Merriam & Caffarella 1999; Simon, 2001).  Cognitive notions of learning put significant importance on the role prior knowledge plays in the acquisition of new knowledge.  Cognitive psychologists are concerned for what the learner had already acquired.  Actually, studies conducted by Bransford and Johnson (1972), and Dooling and Lachman (1971) demonstrated what the learner already knows is activated at the time of learning and the new material will make sense to the learner.Learning Styles. Learning is one of the most important activities in which humans engage.  It is at the very core of the educational process.  Learning involves acquiring and modifying knowledge, skills, strategies, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.  In fact, people learn cognitively, behaviorally, linguistically, and socially. Studies in learning styles grew as a result of interest in individual differences (Curry, 1983).  Researchers shared that the first learning style research was conducted in the 1970s (Williamson & Watson, 2006; Roberts, 2013).  Hunt (1985) reported that by mid 1980s, there were at least 30 learning style models and accompanying questionnaires.  Even though the popularity of learning style models and measures, an agreeable definition and suitable theory for learning style should be expected.  Unfortunately, they do not exist (De Bello, 1990; Merriam et al., 2007; Roberts, 2013).  In addition, learning styles is defined as the “individual method of students frequently used for receiving, collecting, processing, and interpreting information to become knowledgeable” (Kolb, 1984; McCarthy, 1987; Davis, 1993; Damrongpanit & Reungtragul, 2013).   Sarasin (1998) addressed the importance of considering learning style differences in higher education and e-learning when he said, “As higher education becomes more accessible, our students are more representative of the general population, which means greater diversity in learning styles” (p. 2). Griggs (1991), Milgram and Dunn (1993), Karpova (1994), and Tatarinceva (2007) concurred that no less than three-fifths of learning style is genetic, and the biological factor of individual learning style operates for an individual’s whole life.  Anastasi (1988), Dunn and Dunn (1998), Restak (1984), and Thies (1999) agreed that anything connected with the process of information processing and perception is also biologically predetermined.  However, variables such age, gender, and culture could affect the individual’s learning style (Dunn, Giannitti, Murray, Rossi, Geisert, & Quinn, 1990).  Rischin (2002) also argued that every person is born with a very distinctive and personal learning style.Educational researchers and theorists, such as Kinshuk, Liu, and Graf (2009), have agreed to the fact that “students learn in different ways and learning styles can help students in learning easily and more effectively” (p. 740).  Bloom (1976) hypothesized that fitting instruction to individual learning styles would result in increased learner performance outcomes.  Dunn and Dunn (1993) demonstrated that, “when students are taught using a preferred learning style approach, there is an increase in academic achievement and a demonstrated positive attitude toward instruction as opposed to being taught with a non-preferred approach” (p.20).It is beneficial for students to know their learning styles or preferences.  This created awareness in the student of the best way to learn.  Learning styles can also be used to inform the learner about their strengths and weaknesses.  Diaz and Cartnal (1999) stated that, “Knowledge of student learning preferences can provide a bridge to course success in a distance education mode.  The first step in using learning style information to aid instruction in a distance education setting is to first determine student learning styles” (p.130).  In addition, Kolb and Kolb (2005a) explained that students who understood their learning styles were able to identify the learning strategies they used and those that they needed to improve.Furthermore, learning style was important in laying the groundwork for understanding ‘students learning performance (Furnham, Monsen, & Ahmetoglu, 2009; Gadzella, Ginther, & Bryant, 1997; Jackson, Baguma, & Furnham, 2009; Liu, Magjuka, & Lee, 2008). Lack of attention to learning styles, particularly in distance education, was a concern to many educators and educational researchers (Little, 2008).  In fact, there was evidence that most distance learners do not have effective learning strategies (Little, 2008).  For example, Solvie and Kloek (2007) discovered that only a few students used their identified learning style as a tool in their studies.  Researchers found that, for the doctoral students studied, learning styles did not appear to have an effect on student learning (Malcom, 2009).  However, researchers noted that students in graduate programs typically have higher levels of intrinsic motivation which limits how the results might be generalized to other populations (Akkoyunlu, & Soylu, 2008). Terrel (2005) stated that attrition rates in online learning for \"graduate students were not affected by learning style variables under consideration; this may not hold true for learners at other levels\" (p. 7).Most of today’s literature on learning styles focus on improving student’s outcomes (Biggs, 1979) and assessing students learning processes (Papilia,1978). Actually, the findings of studies conducted by Visser, McChlery, and Vreken, (2006), Ghada, Rima, Nahla, Nola, and Mona (2011) and Zhou (2011) demonstrated that a learner’s achievement in any class was influenced by factors such as the native ability, and the level of similarity between the students’ learning style and the teachers’ teaching style.  Similar learning styles and teaching styles had a positive impact on the students’ outcome.  On the other hand, different styles had a negative impact on the students’ outcome and this resulted in many problems in learning (Ford & Chen, 2001; Naimie et al., 2010).Critiques of Learning Styles. Learning styles has become an attractive topic for the last 30 years.  Throughout the 1970's and 80's extensive work was done on student learning styles in higher education by a large number of researchers (Markham, 2004).  In their empirical work, Curry (1983) and Riding and Cheema (1991) discovered that learning style, and cognitive style are utilized in the same context with similar and different measurement tools. In addition, Cassidy (2004) observed that; “there exist almost as many definitions as there are theorists in this area” (p. 440). Concurring with Cassidy (2004), Scott (2010) pointed out that there is a “considerable conceptual confusion” in the definition of learning style between researchers (p. 6). Appendix A shows the difference between the definitions. There are numerous websites on the World Wide Web that advertise learning styles inventories. In fact, Scott (2010) conducted an internet search and it produced 2,160,000 hits.  Examining several of the sites showed that some sites contained positive discussion of learning styles which belong to schools, technical and training institutes and universities. Additionally, Lilienfeld, Lynn, Ruscio, and Beyerstein, B. (2010) searching the ERIC database, discovered 1,984 journal articles (3,604 entries), 919 conference presentations, and 701 books or book chapters. This researcher conducted an internet search using Google search engine. Table 1 shows the results. Table 1. Results of learning styles search.\tLearning styles and educational outcomes. Another area of controversy among researchers was the belief that learning styles improve students’ outcomes. The thought of learning styles in the educational institutions has gained credibility as an idea that affects not only individual student's learning satisfaction, but their overall success in school (Terry, 2002). The numerous articles written by scholars such as Ballinger and Ballinger (1982), Cavanaugh (1981), Dunn (1981), Fiske (1981), Hodges (1983), Jenkins (1982), and Pizzo (1982) reported the extreme success with learning styles and outcomes. Sheard, and Lynch, (2003) claimed that, “accommodating learner difference will ultimately enhance students’ learning experiences and learning outcomes” (p. 244). They also maintained that; “individual’s preferred learning style is a significant factor in how learning is experienced and it also has an impact on learning outcomes when learners encounter new or complex problems or are presented with new information” (p. 250). Smits et al., (2004) stated that, “Learning styles has gradually become accepted as a possible predictor of learning outcomes” (p.38).  Research done by Canfield (1992), DeBello, (1990), and Dunn and Dunn (1987) indicated that the students are more successful when they are instructed through approaches that match their learning style. By contrast, not all research on learning styles validated the findings that relate learning styles and outcome. There are numerous research studies that revealed no significant differences in success between learning styles and type of instruction (Ehrhard, 2000; McNeal & Dwyer, 1999; Wang, Hinn & Kanfer, 2001). Riener and Willingham (2010) insisted that there is no credible evidence that learning styles exist.  Norman (2009) concluded that, “While learning styles instruction has very broad appeal, it has very little to do with learning” (p. 3). Mayer (2011) claimed that learning styles research has continually lacked rigor. Others, like Allcock and Hulme (2010), and Pham (2012) have voiced concerns that, “In addition to a lack of credible empirical evidence, learning styles research has not been grounded in credible psychological concepts (p.77).  Klein (2003) stated that; “Theoretical basis for learning styles use lacks clarity and the absence of substantial empirical research” (p. 49).Stereotype. Reynolds (1997) pointed out that one of the problems with the use of styles was that “they encouraged a positivistic and individualistic perspective on learning” (p.116). He insinuated that this action; “Could encourage labelling and stereotyping …” (p.116). Concurring with Reynolds (1997), Sadler-Smith (2001) agreed that the term “learning style” had been used to describe a diversity of individual differences. Coffield et al. (2004) and Herzberg (2006) explained that the attributes of learning styles suggest that students are one type of learner or another. Additionally, Gutiérrez and Rogoff (2003) observed that learning styles have become a way to limit students and classify them on what they can or cannot do and how they are supposed to do it. This might lead to positive and negative opinions by the teachers’, parents’ and students’ expectations (Rubie-Davies, 2008). For instance, Coffield (2012) told a story of a teacher who wrote to him saying that; “When visiting a local school, pupils had labels on their desks indicating their learning styles as in ‘I’m a kinesthetic learner’, ‘I’m an active experimenter’ and so on” (p.222).Reliability & Validity. Investigations of the reliability and validity of learning styles have been extensive. However, researchers have questioned the validity and reliability of numerous learning styles inventories. For instance, Coffield et al. (2004) investigated the reliability and validity of 13 most popular learning styles instruments and concluded that these models have issues with the reliability and validity of existing instruments. Hattie (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of 800 studies on learning styles and discovered that;” Many were characterized by conceptual confusion (e.g. frequently conflating learning styles with learning strategies) and significant measurement and methodological flaws” (p.15). Sewall (1986) evaluated several popular instruments and learned that “many instruments have limited validity. They were difficult to interpret, and their reliability estimates are unstable” (p.58).In spite of researchers’ concerns about the validity and the reliability of the instruments, there were commercial industry that were successfully promoting a particular inventory and instruments. Pashler et al. (2009) indicated that “Most commercial activity related to learning styles is largely centered on the publishing and selling of measurement devices to help teachers assess individual learning styles” (p.106). Foundations of Experiential LearningLewis and Williams (1994) explained that, “In its simplest form, experiential learning means learning from experience or learning by doing. Experiential education first immerses learners in an experience and then encourages reflection about the experience to develop new skills, new attitudes, or new ways of thinking” (p.5).  Warren, Hof, McGriff, and Morris (2012) defined experiential learning as; “A philosophy and methodology in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, and clarify value” (p.275). Kolb (1984) defined experiential learning as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience” (p.41).The theory of experiential learning began in the seventeen century as an effort to change the traditional formal education of the day (Lewis & Williams, 1994). Experiential learning has its origins on the work of scholars such as, John Locke, John Dewey, Paulo Freire, William James, Carl Jung, Kurt Lewin, Jean Piaget, Carl Rogers, Lev Vygotsky, and Mary Parker Follett (see table 2). For instance, in the seventeen century, Locke, known as the \"Father of Liberalism”, expressed the idea that the foundation of learning was experience, not rational thought (Emch, 1990). His views on the importance of learning through experience served as a fundamental role in the history of learning theory.Table 2. Underpinnings of Experiential LearningBy the twentieth century, James (1912) explained that “Everything begins and ends in the continuous flux and flow of experience” (p. 159). Dewey, was probably one of the most prominent American philosophers of the early twentieth century and contemporary of James who examined the relationship between experience and learning in the publication of his well-known book Experience and Education (1938) (Experiential Education, 2017).  Dewey believed that “The starting point of curriculum was the experience of the child and, indeed, the goal of education was the growth of experience of the individual” (Cook, 2007). A well-known Russian psychologist, Vygotsky (1896-1934) believed that; “Learning from experience is the process whereby human development occurs” (Kolb, 2015, p. xi). He claimed that; “Experience has a biosocial orientation; it is what lies between the person and the environment that defines the relationship of the person to the environment” (Elkind, 2004, p. 496). Jean Piaget (1896-1980) considered one of the most influential researchers and theorists in developmental psychology agreed with Vygotsky.  According to Piaget; “learning occurs through equilibration of the dialectic processes of assimilating new experiences into existing concepts and accommodating existing concepts to new experience” (Passarelli & Kolb, 2012, p. 142).  The focal point of Jung’s book, Psychological Types or the Psychology of Individuation, was the significance and importance of experience as the key premise of learning (Hickcox, 1991). Drummond (2003) contends that the meaning of, and the support for experiential learning began with Rogers. According to him, Rogers’s books, Freedom to Learn and Client-Centered Therapy, cemented the way for experiential learning. Lewin, founder of American social psychology, placed great emphasis on subjective experience and personal involvement. (Kolb, 1984). Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory. There are numerous publications on learning styles written by many scholars, however, Coffield’s report was the most significant report in the area of learning styles (Coffield, et al., 2004).  Commissioned through the University of London by the Learning and Skills Council, this report included a comprehensive evaluation of learning style theories found in the literature.  In their study, the researchers evaluated thirteen main theories about learning styles, selected the most important studies from the literature, assessed the theoretical strength of each model, looked at the empirical constructs such as reliability and validity of each theory, and evaluated the implications of these models for learning (May & May, 2012).  Only five of these theories were identified as meeting these requirements.  Coffield et al. (2004) concluded that Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory was one of the six recommended models in education and training.  The report indicated that the model is especially of use because it throws light on group dynamics and encourages awareness and understanding of self and others.Kolb is credited with introducing the modern learning styles movement, by developing one of the most prominent models of learning styles in the early 1970. His model, Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) and Learning Style Inventory (LSI), have produced an extensive body of research.  In fact, a study conducted by Kolb and Kolb from 1971-2016, revealed that at least 1004 research studies have utilized either the ELT or LSI since 1971 (Kolb, & Kolb, 1971-2016) (see Appendix B). In their meta-analysis, Desmedt and Valcke (2004) discovered that Kolb was the most cited author in the learning style literature since 1972. Additionally, a meta-analysis study conducted by Dağ and Geçerb (2009) revealed that Kolb’s learning style model has been preferred by researcher. Table 3 shows the distribution of the research works according to learning style models.Table 3.Distribution of the research works according to learning style models.Note. Table content adapted from “Relations between online learning and learning styles” by Dağ and Geçerb, 2009, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1 p. 867.Kolb’s theory consists of three main components; (1) the theory of experiential learning; (2) the learning cycle model; and (3) the learning style inventory. All these will be discussed in this section. Kolb (1984) has acknowledged the intellectual origins of his theory of experiential learning and of the Learning Style Inventory. His theory is based on studies in psychology, philosophy and physiology. Additionally, Coffield, et al. (2004) shared that Kolb is recognized for creating the first methodical and thorough explanation of the theory of experiential learning. Even though his theory is rooted in the research of other intellectuals, “his own contribution in detailing the characteristics of experiential learning, the structural foundations of the learning process, and in creating the LSI to assess individual learning styles deserves to be regarded as original and significant” (p. 65).  Kolb (2015) contended that experimental learning has the following characteristics.Learning is best conceived as a process, not in terms of outcomes (p.37).  Learning is a continuous process grounded in experience (p.38).  The process of learning requires the resolution of conflicts between dialectically opposed modes of adaptation to the world (p.40).Learning is a holistic process of adaptation to the world (p.43).Learning involves transactions between the person and the environment (p.45).Learning is the process of creating knowledge (p.48).Kolb’s Learning Cycle. Kolb and Kolb (2008) described experiential learning theory as a four-part process, where the learners were asked to engage themselves in a new experience, actively reflect on that experience, conceptualize that experience and integrate it with past experiences.  In the beginning, Kolb called these four-part model “the Lewinian Experiential Learning Model”. The model has four elements: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Lewin points out that reflection should be encouraged hoping that this will help to personal meaning making. Later, the Lewinian Learning Cycle as shown in figure 1, was reviewed by Kolb and renamed “Experiential Learning Cycle”.Figure 1. Lewinian Learning Cycle. Adapted from “The Process of Experiential Learning. In Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development” by Kolb, 2015p. 32. Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education. Reprinted with permission  Piaget was another scholar who shaped the theory of experiential learning. Piaget studied the nature of intelligence and how it is influenced by experience. Piaget’s work concentrated on the four-major phases of cognitive development, the sensory-motor stage (age birth to 2 years); preoperational stage (ages 2 to 4); Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11); Formal operations (beginning at ages 11 to 15) as depicted in the following figure 2. Figure 2. Piaget Model of learning and cognitive development. Adapted from “The Process of Experiential Learning. In Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development” by Kolb, 2015 p. 36. Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education. Reprinted with permissionKolb and Kolb (2008) combined the Piaget’s and Lewin’s themes (concrete experiences, abstract concepts, feedback/reflection and application) and developed his experiential learning model (see figure 3).  Healey and Jenkins (2000) explained that; “The foundation of Kolb's four-stage model is, according to him, “A simple description of the learning cycle which shows how experience is translated through reflection into concepts, which in turn are used as guides for active experimentation and the choice of new experiences” (p.186). Kolb’s (2008) model, seen in figure 3 and table 4, described these four stages as concrete experience (CE), reflective observation (RO), abstract conceptualization (AC), and active experimentation (AE). A learner can enter at any point in the cycle; however, the stages should be followed in sequence (Healey & Jenkins, 2000). To explain the four learning stages, Lu et al. (2003) offered the following description:“Concrete experience centers around responsibility and individuals associated with this type of learning style tend toward peer orientation, benefitting from peer discussion; Reflective Observation style is centered around ‘watching’, and tends toward observation in learning. Abstract Conceptualization involves ‘thinking’ and individuals exhibiting this style oriented to symbols, learning optimally through more impersonal learning environments; and finally, Active Experimentation, characterized by sensing and feeling with a tendency toward active participation, learning best through experimentation and engaging in projects” (p. 192).  Kolb (1984) explained that “Experience grasped through apprehension and transformed through intention results in what is called divergent knowledge. Experience grasped through comprehension and transformed through intention results in assimilative knowledge. When experience is grasped through comprehension and transformed through extension, the result is convergent knowledge. And finally, when experience is grasped by apprehension and transformed by extension, accommodative knowledge is the result” (p. 42).Kolb’s Learning Cycle and Biology.  Zull (2002) noticed a connection between Kolb’s learning cycle and the brain (see figure 4). This implied that the process of experiential learning is related to the process of brain functioning. According to him “…concrete experiences come through the sensory cortex, reflective observation involves the integrative cortex at the back, creating new abstract concepts occurs in the frontal integrative cortex, and active testing involves the motor brain. In other words, the learning cycle arises from the structure of the brain” (p. 18).Table 4. Kolb’s learning styles and characteristics of learners.Note: Table content adapted from “Experiential learning” by Sharlanova, 2004, Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2, p. 37.  Zull (2002) declared, “Learning is about biology” (p. xiii) and everything we learn is related to the physical and biological brain structure. He added force to Kolb’s theory by combining the neurobiological evidence with the theory. The following table shows the relationship between the brain and Kolb‘s Theory.Figure 4. The Experiential Learning Cycle and Regions of the Cerebral Cortex. Adapted from “The art of changing the brain: Enriching teaching by exploring the biology of learning” by Zull, 2002. p. 18. Copyright 2002 by Stylus Publishing. Reprinted with permission.Table 5. Summary of the 4 major parts of the human brain, their associated functions, and their relation to the 4 stages of Kolb’s Learning Cycle.Note. Table content adapted from “The art of changing the brain: Enriching teaching by exploring the biology of learning” by Zull, 2002, p.18. Copyright 2002 by Stylus Publishing. Reprinted with permission.Kolb’s learning cycle critics. According to Michelson (1996), Gill and Johnson (1991), and Mifsud (1990), experiential learning was one of the focal areas for today’s research and practice in adult education. It was also increasingly one of the most problematic areas. For instance, most of the researchers had evaluated the theory itself without assessing the graphical model in modeling terms. Bergsteiner, Avery, and Neumann (2010) argued that Kolb’s model is defective. In their opinion, the model did not differentiate credibility and reliability between concrete/active/primary and abstract/passive/ secondary learning processes. It also did not differentiate correctly between the terms learning activities and learning typologies.  Some practical learning concepts were not established or were not taken into account.Additionally, Vince (1998) believed that Kolb's learning cycle was created as a “reaction against research, education, and development processes in the past that emphasized some fairly rigid and directive attempts to generate and impart knowledge” (p. 307). Mughal and Zafar (2011) coincided with Vince (1998) affirming that; “Kolb’s learning cycle lacks the inclusion of ’here and now’ the ’immediate experience’ of a learner and focuses on the past events. The perception of a learner (as a whole) incorporated the immediate experience ’living in the moment’ triggering the event and past experiences focuses on the past events” (p. 31). Looking back to characteristic two, Kolb (2005a) stated that, “Learning is a continuous process grounded in experience” (p. 38). However, Vince (1998) argued that Kolb assumed that people are always open to experience. Additionally, Kolb did not take into consideration that some individuals protected themselves against experiences such as fears, anxieties, and doubts which are very common emotional experiences in processes of learning (Gilbert, Pinel, Wilson, Blumberg, & Wheatley, 1998), which could result as a barrier and cause hindrance in learning and gaining knowledge (Britzman, 1998). In other words, Kolb’s learning cycle failed to address the emotional experience of a learner from the start of the cycle. This has led to two directions; (1) the learner holds anxiety which could promote learning (Britzman, 1998; Vince 1998) or (2) get discouraged in the learning (Vince, 1998; Mughal & Zafar, 2011). Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (LSI). Kolb created a self-descripted, self-report, and self-scoring inventory called Learning Style Inventory (LSI) to measure individuals’ learning styles.  It was designed to help learners to identify the way they learn from experience, as well as, to construct validation to Kolb’s theory. As stated by Kayes (2005), “Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (LSI) remained one of the most influential and widely distributed instruments used to measure individual learning preference\" (p.249). In addition, it has been translated into several languages such as, Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Thai, (Yamazaki, 2004).According to Zijdemans-boudreau, Moss, and Lee (2013), the instrument was first utilized as a curriculum development project in 1969 at MIT.  Since then, the instrument has been revised several times to improve its psychometric properties (Kayes, 2005).The LSI-3, which was revised in 1999, consists of 12 sentence stems followed by four possible sentence endings (see Appendix C). Kayes (2005) explained the process by saying that “The participant ranks each of the four sentence endings based on his/ her preference for using the four modes, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. For example, “when I learn, (1) I like to deal with my feelings; (2) I like to think about ideas; (3) I like to be doing things; and (4) I like to watch and listen”.  The result was a 48-item survey. Then, total scale score was charted for each of the four modes. Finally, a combined score for each of the two bi-polar dimensions is computed, resulting in two dimensional scores that measure relative preference for the CE–AC mode and the AE–RO dimensions” (p. 251). A more detailed description of the LSI 3.2 and an analysis of its psychometric properties would be presented in the following chapter.Research on Kolb’s instrument recognized four statistically predominant learning styles, each of which are associated with a different method of learning (Kolb & Kolb, 2009). It included (see figure 3);Learners with diverging learning style (see table 6) emphasize in concrete experience (feeling) and reflective observation (watching). They are interested in people, tend to be imaginative and sensitive (Greenberg, 2009). They are proficient at observing concrete situation from various viewpoints (Liu & Ginther, 1999). They prefer to work in groups and obtaining personal feedback (Kolb, Boyatzis, & Mainemelis, 2000). Learners with assimilative learning style (see table 6) have reflective observation (watching) and abstract conceptualization (thinking) as their dominant modes. They are exceptional at inductive reasoning and assimilating information (Kolb, Boyatzis, & Mainemelis, 2000).  They are more interested in ideas and abstract concepts than people (Liu & Ginther, 1999).  They prefer activities such as readings, lectures, exploring analytical models (Kolb, Boyatzis, & Mainemelis, 2000).  Learners with converging learning style (see table 6) have abstract conceptualization (thinking) and active experimentation (doing) dominant learning abilities. They like to solve problems and to find solutions to practical problems (Liu & Ginther, 1999). They prefer to deal with technical tasks than social issues.  They like to experiment with new ideas, to simulate, and to work with practical applications. They are moderately unemotional (Liu & Ginther, 1999).Learners in the accommodative group (see table 6) give emphasis to concrete experience (feeling) and active experimentation (doing). They prefer learning by active participation and trust more on their intuition than the logic (Liu & Ginther, 1999). They depend more on people for information than on their own technical analysis. They favor to work with others to get assignments (Kolb, Boyatzis, & Mainemelis, 2000).   They are risk-takers and react well under pressure (Liu & Ginther, 1999).Table 6. Four types of learning styles and its characteristicsNote. Table content adapted from “Kolb's Learning Styles “by Jonassen & Grabowski. 2012, Handbook of Individual Differences Learning and Instruction, p. 250. Copyrighted 1993 by Routledge. Distance EducationSeveral years ago, distance education was considered a “non-traditional” form of education (Choudhary, 2006). However, today, distance learning has become an important mode of education. In fact, Simonson, Schlosser, and Orellana (2011) shared that “it has become the most significant change to the process of teaching and learning of the last decade” (p. 124).Since its beginning, the goal of distance learning has been to offer learning opportunities to those communities that have been excluded from formal learning systems such as people who live in remote geographic regions (Burns, 2011).  Bušelić (2012) explicated that distance learning is “a field of education that focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional educational setting such as a classroom” (p.24). Distance education, as defined by UNESCO (2002) is “any educational process in which all or most of the teaching is conducted by someone removed in space and/or time from the learner, with the effect that all or most of the communication between teachers and learners is through an artificial medium, either electronic or print...”  (p. 22). Unfortunately, the term “distance education” has not been well defined, which has created a great confusion between researchers and scholars in the field (Holmberg, 2003; Keegan, 2000). For example, Moore (1973) defined distance education as; “A family of instructional methods in which the teaching behaviors are executed apart from the learning behaviors, including those that in a contiguous situation would be performed in the learner's presence, so that communication between the teacher and the learner must be facilitated by print, electronic, mechanical, or other devices” (p. 664).  Moore and Kearsley (1996) stated that distance education is “a planned learning that normally occurs in a different place from teaching and as a result requires special techniques of course design, special instructional techniques, special methods of communication by electronic and other technology, as well as special organizational and administrative arrangements” (p. 2).  Appendix D shows the difference between the definitions.Another term that has produced a great debate is distance learning.  A research of “distance learning” included articles on correspondence courses, blended or hybrid courses, low-residency courses, and fully online courses. However, this researcher was able to discover two articles that discussed the difference between the two terms. According to Roblyer and Edwards (2000), the United States Distance Learning Association defined distance learning in 1998 as; “The acquisition of knowledge and skills through mediated information and instruction, encompassing all technologies and other forms of learning at a distance” (p. 192). Newby, Stepich, Lehman and Russell (2000) defined distance learning as \"an organized instructional program in which teacher and learners are physically separated” (p. 210). Askov, Johnston, Petty, and Young (2003) explained that; “’distance education’ takes the view of the educator and educational institution providing the learning opportunity, whereas ‘distance learning’ takes the view of the student and refers to learners studying in a non‐classroom setting” (p.2).In addition, the research revealed several terminologies (e.g. e-learning, Internet learning, distributed learning, networked learning, tele-learning, virtual learning, computer-assisted learning, web-based learning, and distance learning) referring to online learning.  Nichols (2003) defined e-learning as, “The use of various technological tools that are either Web-based, Web-distributed or Web capable for the purposes of education” (p.2). However, Nyoni (2014) defined it as “The delivery of a learning, training or education program by electronic means” (p.154) (see Appendix E). Even though, there was not a clear, common, and precise definition for those terms, Ally (2008) affirmed that in an online learning environment, the learner uses technology (e.g. a computer) to access the learning material, to communicate and interact with the instructor and other learners who are at a distance. According to Simonson et al. (2011), distance education has these four characteristics:Distance education was by definition carried out through institutions; it was not self-study or a nonacademic learning environment (p.126). Geographic separation was inherent in distance learning, and time might also separate students and teachers (p.126).Interactive telecommunications (e.g. e-mail) connected the learning group with each other and with the teacher (p.126).Distance education, like any education, established a learning group, and sometimes called a learning community, which was composed of students, a teacher, and instructional resources (p.126).Keegan (1996) suggested that the phrase distance education is a broad term, which describes several methods of education where the learner and the teacher are separated by space and time. Even though, these terms are used interchangeable (Phipps & Merisotis, 1999), for the purpose of this study, online education will be defined as “institution based, formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources and instructors” (Simonson et al., 2011, p. 126).Student Satisfaction Student satisfaction has been considered one of the most important goals in colleges and universities. It influences student’s decision to enroll in online courses (Arbaugh, 2000). DeLone and McLean (1992), and Davis (2014) argued that student satisfaction is one of the most important reasons in successful online learning operation. Student satisfaction is key to supporting learner’s success. For this reason, some institutions are recognizing the importance of student satisfaction as a desired outcome.Student satisfaction in online courses is also important to colleges and universities, because it has been linked to student attainment (Battalio, 2007; Chang & Smith, 2008; Palmer & Holt, 2009) and student retention (Elliot & Shin, 2002; Goho & Blackman, 2009; Thomas & Galambos, 2004). In fact, Palmer and Holt (2009) reported that, “Learner satisfaction has been shown to be positively correlated with quality of learning outcomes” (p. 101), as well as an evaluation of the online educational programs, courses (Grimes, 2002) and the effectiveness of a program (Walker, 2005; Levy, 2004). Numerous studies have been conducted to measure the student satisfaction at university and college level (Baturay, 2011; Bradford, 2011; Bradford & Wyatt, 2010; Bequiri, Chase, & Bishka, 2009; Bishop-Clark, Dietz-Uhler, & Fisher, 2006-2007; Burnett, Bonnici, Miksa, & Kim, 2007; Mayzer & DeJong, 2003). However, studies on student satisfaction had mixed outcomes depending on the obstacles faced in the class (Banerjee, 2011).  For this reason, Richardson, (2005), Kirtley (2002), Allen and Seaman (2006), Moskal, Dziuban, Upchurch, Hartman, and Truman (2006), Ertmer, Sadaf, and Ertmer (2011), and Kuo (2010) recognized the need for further research to understand online learning and student satisfaction. Looking at satisfaction and mode of delivery, a study conducted by Ocker and Yaverbaum (1999) concluded that face-to-face groups experience a higher satisfaction level than distance education students. Trying to understand student satisfaction, Poirier and Feldman (2004) compared online and face to face student. The results indicated that online students had greater level of satisfaction than face to face students. However, Navarro and Shoemaker (2000), and Hiltz and Goldman (2005) found no difference. In another study, Faul, Frey, and Barber (2004) discovered that students enrolled in a web-based online course had a “significantly higher level of overall satisfaction” than those enrolled in a F2F course (p. 105). However, Lim, Kim, Chen, and Ryder (2008) did not find any significant difference between the online learning and traditional learning students. Researchers have identified important factors that influence online learning. These factors have been recognized as potential influence to the satisfaction level and learning outcomes of distance learners (Butt & Rehman, 2010). Endres, Chowdhury, Frye, and Hurtubis, (2009) affirmed that student satisfaction in online learning is influenced by “all aspects of the educational experience” (p. 31). Moore (1989) identified three types of interaction in distance education that affect satisfaction. They are, student-content, student-instructor, and student-student.According to Muirhead and Juwah (2004) interaction is defined as “a dialogue or discourse or event between two or more participants and objects which occurs synchronously and/or asynchronously mediated by response or feedback and interfaced by technology” (p. 13). Interaction in distance education encompasses “the learner’s engagement with the course content, other learners, the instructor, and the technological medium used in the course. Thurmond and Wombach (2004) explained that ultimately, the goal of interaction was to increase understanding of the course content or mastery of the defined goals” (p. 4).Juwah (2006) alleged that interaction and interactivity are the vital success factors supporting the pedagogy of online education. However, these two terms are often confusing. For instance, Muirhead and Juwah (2004) argued that “interactivity and interaction in online education are complex, multifaceted phenomenon and are critical in promoting effective learning (p.13).  They also clarified that “interactivity in distance and online education describes the form, function and impact of interactions in teaching and learning” (p.14).Current research on online learning has verified the assumption that interaction is important for a successful course. However, many concerns still exist regarding the type and degree of the interaction and its effects on student performance (Picciano, 2002). Roblyer and Wiencke (2003) indicated that “interaction has become to be considered an essential condition for successful distance courses” (p. 77). According to Ertmer, et al. (2011) “interaction appears to have a primary influence on satisfaction” (p. 305).  Ni and Aust (2008) concurred with the previous statement. In their study, they found that interaction in online courses can influence student satisfaction.  Arbaugh (2005) defined student-content interaction as “pedagogical tools and assignments, including PowerPoint presentations, streaming audio and video presentations, group projects, individual projects, and embedded links in Web courses” (p. 538).  Student-content interactions usually happen when students “complete course readings, engage with multimedia materials (e.g., simulations, software), or finish course assignments, participation in course-related online discussions” (Ertmer, Sadaf, & Ertmer, 2011, p. 158). It is where the learners interact (Ekwunife-Orakwue & Teng, 2014).  In addition, Moore (1997) did not expand on the interaction between the learner and the course content.  However, the researcher indicated that the interaction between student and course content is based on the “philosophy of course designer(s), subject-matter of the course, and content” (p.27). Unfortunately, Student-content interaction has not been studied enough. However, recently particular interest is growing in the area of student-content interaction. Most of these studies involved; “Self-report student surveys, many of which were satisfaction surveys” (Lee & Choi 2011, p. 609).Marks, Sibley, and Arbaugh, (2005) examined significance of student-content interaction as predictors of perceived learning and satisfaction with an online course. These researchers discovered that this type of interaction was significantly associated with perceived learning and student’s satisfaction.   According to Moore and Kearsley, (1996) learner-instructor interaction is “the human interaction that involves two-way communication between the learner and the course instructor, including the communication of expectations, feedback to students, clarifications, and minimizing the impact of distance” (p. 133).Equally, Picciano (2002) indicated that several researchers have corroborated the importance of student-instructor interactions in online courses. Actually, Kirtley (2002) considered the lack of interaction between student-instructor can have an adverse effect on student satisfaction levels. The literature review showed that the interaction between student-instructor is one of the greatest predictors of student satisfaction in online environment (Arbaugh, 2000; Croxton, 2014; Swan, 2001). Dennen, Darabi, and Smith (2007) affirmed that “instructors believe that learner performance is more likely tied to instructor actions than course content. Learner satisfaction is more likely tied to learners' feeling than their interpersonal communication needs” (p. 65). A plethora of research has revealed that student-instructor interaction can cause positive outcomes on both student achievement and satisfaction (Chen, Wang, Hung, 2009; Drouin, 2008; Hughes, McLeod, Brown, Maeda, & Choi, 2007; Jackson, Jones, & Rodriguez, 2010; Kupczynski, Brown, & Davis, 2008; LaPointe & Gunawardena, 2004; Lim, et al., 2008; Rhode, 2009; Schwartzman, 2007; Sher, 2009).Shea, Fredericksen, Pickett, Pelz, and Swan (2001) conducted a survey of 3,800 students enrolled in 264 courses through the SUNY Learning Network (SLN). The researchers concluded that the relationship of satisfaction, interaction, and performance (grades) was that “students who reported the highest levels of learning and satisfaction also reported the highest levels and quality of interaction with the instructor and with other students” (p.12). Furthermore, Dziuban and Moskal (2001) indicated a considerable high correlation between student-instructor interaction in online courses and student satisfaction. Another predictor of student satisfaction included prompt feedback from instructors. Goldsmith (2014) defined feedback as “Information that is provided to a student from a teacher based on a formative assessment performed by observing and diagnosing student activity\" (p.33).  Chickering and Gamson, (1987), Hatziapostolou and Paraskakis, (2010), Palomba and Banta, (1999), and Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, and Zvacek, (2012), indicated that prompt feedback is critical for learning process improvement. By providing feedback, the course instructor permits students to feel a connection to the online community (Featro, 2012).Espasa, and Meneses (2010) studied 186 online graduate students in their last week of courses. The results of their study indicated a significant relationship between instructor feedback received and learning as measured by student satisfaction and final grades.Learner-learner interaction has been recognized as one of two elements that most influence student satisfaction (Endres et al., 2009). Learner-learner interaction involves the human interaction in which learners communicate with other learners enrolled in the same course, typically through asynchronous discussion boards, synchronous course meetings, collaboration through Wikis or blogs, and/or through email (Moore & Kearsley, 2005). Rabe-Hemp, Woollen and Humiston (2009), and Renninger and Hidi (2002) agreed that student interaction with other students is important in all learning experiences.  Swan (2002) reported “a significant positive correlation between student interaction with classmates and satisfaction in online courses (p. 27). Drouin (2008) affirmed that student-student interaction may promote student satisfaction in online environments.  In a study conducted by Hollenbeck, Mason, and Song (2011) observed that participants pointed out that they relied on student–student affinity because it reduced the perceived threat of poor performance in a course. This finding showed that student–student interaction plays an important role in online learner satisfaction. According to Wu and Hiltz (2004), “over half of the students from three online courses reported that they learned a great deal from their peers through online discussions with 78% of the students valuing online discussion as a chance to share opinions among peers and instructors” (p. 144).Discussion boards are an approach used by most online teachers to promote community and student-to-student interaction. Laurillard, (2002) maintained that discussion between students-to-students is critical to peer interaction and learning. It also increases student performance (Moore, 1989; Murphy & Ciszewska-Carr, 2007). Ertmer, et al. (2011) explained that online discussions “can replace or extend in-class dialogue, providing opportunities for students to interact with each other over course-related topics” (p. 158).Online discussions were created to engage learners in meaningful conversation and to promote critical thinking associated to course content. McLoughlin and Mynard, (2009) discovered that discussion does not conduct to higher levels of thinking. Actually, Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2001) and Gilbert and Dabbagh (2005) observed that more than 80% of students’ discussion posts exhibited lower levels of thinking. However, Capdeferro and Romero (2012) found that countless college students experienced frustration when they were required to interact with other students. In fact, students identified student-student interaction through discussion boards and group projects “as a waste of time and not productive in their learning” (Bacino-Thiessen, 2015, p.117).Learning Styles and Student SuccessDue to the explosion of online education, researchers have looked at the effect of learning styles on online environment. Santo (2006) stated that “proponents of learning styles claim that learning styles influence a student's ability to participate successfully in an online course” (p. 74). Chen and Shaw (2006) argued that “learning style may be an important factor to consider in the online learning environment” (p. 98). Diaz and Cartnal (1999) stated that, “Student success in distance learning classes may ultimately depend on understanding the learning style preferences of the students who enroll” (p.134). Furnham, et al. (2009), and Jackson, et al. (2009) concurred with the idea that learning styles is crucial in laying the background for understanding performance.The subject of learning styles has taken on a greater significance in modern education.  Learning styles are important for a number of reasons.  One of them is that in today’s distance-education environment, each student comes to class with undeniable learning experiences, expectations, and needs that must be addressed, for which instructors, and instructional designers need to be sensitive, to maximize the students' learning experiences.  However, because of the unknown composition of online classes, the learning preferences of online students may be unclear, making it difficult to develop effective online courses (Mupinga, et al., 2006, p. 185).  Studies comparing learning styles in an online learning class and those of students in an equivalent F2F class have revealed that students in F2F class were much more dependent learners while the online students were more intrinsically motivated (Lyke & Michael, 2012).  On the other hand, students in the online courses who possessed a more independent and conceptual learning style had the highest student achievement.  Students with social and applied learning styles performed better in the F2F environment (Diaz & Cartnal, 1999). Buerk, Malmstrom, and Peppers (2003) found that traditional students were inclined to have the assimilator learning style (student are more interested in ideas and abstract concepts) while online students had the convergent learning style (preference in technical tasks, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects).  In another study, Manochehri and Young (2006) discovered a significantly difference between F2F environment and online environment. The results showed that students with assimilator and converger learning styles have higher knowledge with online learning format. However, students with diverger and accommodator learning styles have higher knowledge on F2F environment. Zacharis (2010) examined learning styles in both an online and F2F course instruction for the same subject. He found differences in the types of learning styles of the students taking the F2F instructional formats. The majority of students in the online course scored as assimilator (31%) and accommodator (27%), while in the F2F course the majority of students scored as assimilator (31%) and diverger (28%) learning styles.  However, MacGregor (2000) found that online students were more serious and more accommodators than traditional classroom students. Bozionelos (1997) discovered that online students did better on learning tasks than their counterparts with different learning styles.  Garland (2003) also found significant differences in learning styles between online and traditional students.  Nevertheless, Ching (1998) and Clariana (1997) found that students’ learning styles changed when students were exposed to online courses within several weeks.  Jordanov (2001) and Muir (2001) noticed that students preferred different learning styles when enroll in an online course than when learning in F2F environment.  She concluded that “students moved toward more active learning styles when using the Internet, and active learning styles had a positive impact on students’ attitudes toward and performance on computer-based learning tasks” (p.20).Gender. For a long time, gender difference has been recognized as an important topic in education (Chang, Liu, Sung, Lin, Chen, and Cheng, 2014).  However, variables such age, gender, and culture could affect the individual’s learning style (Dunn, Giannitti, Murray, Rossi, Geisert, & Quinn, 1990).While there is a lack of significant consensus on the role gender plays in determining learning preferences, gender is among a number of factors that has been found to influence student learning styles (Honigsfeld, 2001).  For instance, Philbin, Meier, Huffman, and Boverie, (1995) were unable to come to any definitive conclusion about how gender differences affect learning styles.  However, they admitted that there is significant evidence in learning styles between men and women.  According to these researchers, “existing data suggest that usually, men and women score contrarily on the learning style inventory.  Women tend to score higher on the Concrete Experience orientation while men tend toward Abstract Conceptualization.  No consistent differences between men and women have been identified on the active/reflective dimension” (p. 485).Bruner (1990) advised that “the danger of ignoring gender in the discussion on distance learning is the likelihood that policy makers will neglect to take into consideration that (1) there are alternative points of view, and (2) the best course of action is generally based on some kind of consensus of or collaboration among people with a variety of perspectives” (p. 30).Furthermore, according to Wells, Seifert, Eifert, Padgett, Park, and Umbach (2011) females have significantly done better than males in educational performance.  Gibb, Fergusson, and Horwood (2008) have concluded that in the traditional school setting, females tend to perform better than males from grade school through college graduation. Additionally, females also perform better on standardized tests (Marcus, 2015). However, IQ tests have shown no significant differences in intelligence (Gibb et al., 2008). Burge (1998) argued that many female learners need, “Psychological safety that cannot be satisfied with online chats and required self-postings (p. 35).  According to him, gender differences, especially for distance learners, need to be recognized.  In addition, the American Association of University Women (2000) discovered that, “nontraditional students, who were women, have perceived that the virtual classroom reduced the discomfort and alienation women have often experienced on the college campus populated by students 18 to 22 years of age” (p. 25). Looking at gender and online courses, studies conducted by Coldwell, Craig, Paterson, and Mustard (2008) have demonstrated that females are more likely to participate in online courses than males.  Gunn, French, McLeod, McSporran, & Conole, (2002) examined student participation in online activities and found that male participated less than female on discussion board.  According to Coldwell, et al. (2008), female students spent on average, 24.47 hours on online courses compared with an average of 20.61 hours for males.  Alstete and Beutell (2004) claimed that gender is related to student’s performance and that women usually outperform men in online classes.  For example, a study conducted by Bishop-Clark et al. (2006-2007) inferred that female college geography students performed significantly better than males in both Web-Based Learning and the traditional classroom.   However, Logan and Thomas (2002) did not find any differences in the learning styles between male and female students.  In term of satisfaction, Yousef (2012) stated that “there is limited research concentrating in gender differences in relation to satisfaction in online courses (p.78).  However, there are few studies that found that gender is a predictor of satisfaction (Tschetter, 2014). For instance, a study conducted by Noel-Levitz (2009) revealed that female students are more satisficed than males with online learning.  On the other hand, other studies conducted by Kim and Moore, (2005), Shehab (2007), Guripnar,  Zayim, Ozenci, and Alimolu, (2009), and Aliweh (2011) arrived to the conclusion that there is not significant differences between gender and  satisfaction with online learning.Performance.  Picciano (2002) stated that student performance can be measured by a number of indicators such as successful completion of a course, course withdrawals, grades, added knowledge, and skill building.  Even though there is insufficient evidence on the factor which influences student outcomes in an online learning environment, a few researchers have discussed the issue.  For example, in their meta-analysis study Means, Toyama, Murphy, Bakia, and Jones, (2010) reported that, “Students in online conditions performed modestly better, on average, than those learning the same material through traditional face-to-face instruction” (p. xiv). Poirier and Feldman (2004) concurred with Means et al. (2010). In their study they found similar results of performance between face-to-face and online learning. Similarly, studies have demonstrated that students enrolled in online classes have performed equivalent to or better than students in the face-to-face class (Braun, 2008; Hrastinski, 2008; Hughes, 2007; Lim, Kim, Chen, and Ryder, 2008; Wang & Morgan, 2008)Likewise, Beaudoin (2002) discovered that highly participatory students achieved higher outcomes. Studies conducted by Lu, and Sperling (2003), and Shih, Ingebritsen, Pleasants, Flickinger, and Brown (1998) concluded that neither online participation nor learning style had a significant effect on learning performance. Alstete and Beutell (2004) concluded that class discussion was the higher indicator of student performance in online classes.  However, Holley (2002) contended that university students who participated in an online course using techniques such as virtual lectures and discussion boards, attained better outcome.A careful examination of the literature has indicated that researchers applied different methods to measure satisfaction and performance. This might be responsible for the inconsistencies among empirical studies in the research literature (Davis, 2014). A study conducted by Driscoll, Jicha, Hunt, Tichavsky, and  Thompson, (2012) observed that “ students may report higher satisfaction with courses that they perceive as easy, fun, or less demanding, none of which is necessarily linked to successful learning”  (p. 315). Driscoll et al. (2012) also concluded that there is a nonexistence relationship between performance and satisfaction. Simon and Yatrakis (2002) concurred with the previous statement, stating that there is a lack of relationship between performance and satisfaction. Some researchers have tried to establish relationship between students’ characteristics and previous online learning experience, and their satisfaction and performance in online learning settings (Marks et al., 2005; Sanders & Morrison-Shetlar, 2001; Thurmond, Wambach, Connors, and Frey (2002). However, they found that these variables cannot consistently predict students’ performance and satisfaction with their online learning experiences.On the other hand, Eom, Wen, and Ashill (2006) affirmed that learner satisfaction is a significant predictor of learning outcomes. This demonstrate that researchers have provided conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between satisfaction and performance in online learning environment. Grades. For centuries, educational researchers have discussed the criteria used in assigning grades (KunhiMohamed, 2012). Colleges and universities use GPA to assess student performance and academic achievement. Students use their grades to follow their performance throughout their degree programs.  Dalziel (1998) stated, that we can distinguish outstanding students from low achievers by their grades. Linn and Miller (2005) stated that “in the final analysis, letter grades should reflect the extent to which students have achieved the learning outcomes specified in the course objectives” (p. 377). Randall and Engelhard (2010) reported that grades, when assigned appropriately (a) enable teachers to compare the knowledge and skills of current students, (b) allow teachers to ascertain accurately the preparedness/readiness of incoming students, and (c) provide parents and students with a clear picture of each child’s knowledge and understanding of course content. (p. 1376).In the last decades, researchers have focused on the topic of learning outcomes in online education. One of the most often-cited research which has impacted the online modality was authored by Russell (1999). Russell (1999) chronicled over 355 studies from 1928 to 1998. These studies examined the effect of technology on education and distance education. This researcher concluded that no significant difference exists between learning outcomes and modality of delivery. Following Russell (1999) studies, other researchers commenced to study the academic impact of the online modality. However, the results of these studies have been mixed and varied. For instance, a longitudinal study conducted by Olmsted (2009), compared distance and face-to-face learner’s performance based on the National Board of Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE).  The analysis of student performance between face-to-face and distance learners over a ten-year period revealed no statistically significant differences between student performance on the NBDHE, GPA, or course grades. Leasure, Davis, and Thievon (2000) performed a study comparing student outcomes using test scores and course grades. These researchers concluded that there were no statistically significant differences on any of the examinations or final course grade. Maring, Costello, and Plack (2008) compared outcomes of students enrolled in a pathophysiology course.  Half of the course content was delivered in traditional classroom instruction, whereas the other half of the content was given via online education modality. To determine the level of student learning, the researchers used multiple choice exams. The researchers determined that online student performed better than traditional classroom students.  Buckley (2003) compared the learning outcomes of two undergraduate nursing nutrition courses. One course was delivered via online, the other was F2F. The researcher assessed the learning outcomes by using midterm scores, final exam scores, and course grades. Based on learning outcomes, Buckley (2003), did not find significant differences between the two delivery modalities.  In online Information Technology (IT) studies, Smeaton and Keough (1999), Piccoli, Ahmad, and Ives (2001), Jones, Moeeni, and Ruby (2005), and Lam (2009) did not find significant differences in academic outcomes. However, Bryan, Campbell, and Kerr (2003) concluded that the online modality actually provided better academic outcomes than traditional learning. In their meta-research, Tallent-Runnels et al. (2006) stated that they “did find that most studies comparing online and traditional classes concluded that both methods of delivery were adequate. In some studies, students in the online classes out-performed students in the traditional classes, and vice versa” (p. 109).Hargrove, Wheatland, Ding, and Brown (2008) measured the relationship between learning styles and students’ GPA based on their major in the School of Engineering using Kolb’s learning style instrument. The students were enrolled in the Civil, Electrical, or Industrial Engineering programs. The results showed that students were 14.22% accommodators 44.40% assimilators, 23.71% were identified as convergers, and 17.67% divergers.When Hargrove et al., (2008) compared students’ performance based on GPA, students with the accommodator learning style preference out performed students in the diverger category, and assimilators also out performed divergers. Convergers performed higher than divergers and also assimilators; however, the difference was not significant. When looking at the students’ overall GPA, the convergers had the highest GPA, and the lowest were the divergers (Hargrove et al., 2008). Grades allow students to track their performance throughout their degree programs.In their quantitative causal-comparative study, Schultz, Schultz, and Sieland (2010) compared the online grades of males and females in one graduate management class and one undergraduate management class at the University of West Florida. The results showed that; (1) there were not significant differences between the online grades of males and females; (2) no significant difference between the grades of males in online classes and males in traditional classes; and (3) no significant difference between the grades of females in online classes and females in traditional classes.   SummaryIn this chapter, a variety of topics were presented which was intended as a foundation to this research study. This researcher was interested in the relationship between learning styles, satisfaction and online learning. The aim of this study is to measure the learning styles, performance and satisfaction of undergraduate students, and the relationship with online education.For this reason, this chapter was divided into four different sections. In the first section, this researcher presented a brief discussion on learning and learning theories, followed by a discussion on cognitive theories of learning and learning styles. However, after reviewing the literature, it is unclear that the learning styles of students have an impact on the course delivery method.The literature presented in the next section, elaborated on topics such as experiential learning, Kolb’s experiential learning and Kolb’s learning style inventory. In addition, the researcher established the reason, Kolb’s learning style inventory has been selected as the best instrument for this study. In the following section, this researcher examined student satisfaction. Examining past studies, this researcher has discovered conflicting results in terms of the relationship between students’ satisfaction and gender, mode of delivery, learning style and performance. These conflicting results pose a need for additional research in this area. In the last section, the researcher explored the relationship between online learning and student satisfaction in connection to learning styles, performance, gender and grades.  There was a significant quantity of literature available on student outcomes in regards to online education. This literature supported the idea that there are little or no significant differences in outcomes regardless of the delivery modality. Therefore, in this quantitative study, the researcher will examine the relationship of learning styles, performance and satisfaction for students enrolled in online courses.Research QuestionsThe research questions for this study are:Which is preferred learning style, as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, of students enrolled in an online based course?Which individual learning style (diverger, converger, assimilator, or accommodator) best predicts performance in students enrolled in an online based course?What is the relationship of preferred learning style, as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, and the level of student satisfaction?Chapter 3: MethodologyParticipantsThis study would be conducted at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University’s distance learning program during the academic year of 2017-2018. The participants for this study will be part-time online undergraduate students enrolled in a nine week online (MATH 111 College Mathematics for Aviation I) course (see Appendix F). It is expected that the participants would be culturally diverse.  It is likely that most of the population for this project would be considered non-traditional students. According to Kirtley (2002), non-traditional students are profiled as being goal oriented, highly motivated and over 26 years of age. They are working adults (Roblyer, 1997) with family obligations which make attending a traditional campus-based class difficult (Matthews, 1999; Thompson, 1998). The sampling would not be randomly selected, since the learners would choose the method of delivery. In addition, the participation in this study would be completely voluntary; therefore, it is expected to be small. This researcher is anticipating the recruitment of one hundred participants for the study.  InstrumentationThis researcher will utilize two different Likert-type scale instruments in this study. The first instrument that the participant will take is the Kolb’s Learning Style inventory 3.1 (see Appendix C). Towards the end of the semester, all participants will complete the Strachota’s Student Satisfaction Survey (see Appendix O). The Learning Style Inventory. As Cano-Garcia and Hughes (2000) declared, “Kolb’s test for measuring learning preferences, the Learning Styles Inventory (LSI) has been the most influential, and widely documented” (p. 415).  This instrument has been tested in a variety of professional learning setting such as medicine, business, management and education. The LSI 3.1 is grounded on the Experiential Learning Theory, which views learning through the experiences involved in the learning process (Kolb, 1984). This survey was designed with the purpose to assist individuals to identify the way they learn from experience (Jong, Wierstra, & Hermanussen, 2006; Kolb & Kolb, 2005b).  This self-assessment instrument, consists of 12 forced-choice items that measure the degree to which individuals demonstrate their different learning styles. The task of the participant is to rank order each of the four sentences, start with a “4” for the sentence that best describes how the participant learn, down to a “1” for the ending that seems the least like the way the participant would learn. Additionally, the most significant information obtained by the LSI relates to intra-individual differences (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b).The inventory assesses four ipsative variables. These are (1) abstract conceptualization (AC), (2) concrete experience (CE), (3) active experimentation (AE), and (4) reflective observation (RO). Skinner (2007) explained that, “Accommodator relying more on AE and CE: Assimilator, relying more on RO and AC: Converger, relying more on AE and AC: and Diverger, relying more on CE and RO” (p.93). The two combination scores which are not ipsative variables, measure the individual’s preference for abstractness over concreteness (AC-CE) and action over reflection (AE-RO) are plotted on an X Y coordinate graph.  These variables are illustrated in Appendix N. Each quadrant of the graph identifies one of the four learning style preferences. As Kolb and Kolb (2005b) explained, none of the quadrants are better or worse than the others, “nor is the scale placement (higher or lower, more to the right or to the left) within a particular quadrant better or worse than other placements” (Skinner, 2007).  The location in the scale and in the quadrants, is the measurement of the preferences for the learning orientations of an individual.The LSI 3.1 was introduced in 2005 however, only a few studies have used the revised version of the survey (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b). This version incorporated norms based on a larger, more diverse and representative sample (online, research university freshmen/MBA students, liberal arts college students, art college undergraduates, and distance e-learning adult undergraduates) of 6977 LSI users (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b).  The determined cut scores for placement for the four quadrants are as follows: “The cut point for the AC-CE scale is +7, and the cut point for the AE-RO score is +6. The Accommodating type would be defined by an AC-CE raw score ≤ 7 and an AE-RO score ≥ 7, the Diverging type by AC-CE ≤  7 and AE-RO ≤  6, the Converging type by AC-CE ≥ 8 and AE-RO ≥  7, and the Assimilating type by AC-CE ≥  8 and AE-RO ≤  6” (Kolb & Kolb, 2005, p. 14).Validity of the LSI. Creswell (2005) defined validity as; “the development of sound evidence to demonstrate that the test interpretation (of scores about the concept or construct that the test is assumed to measure) matches its proposed use” (p. 159).  Messick (1994) identified validity as; \"an integrated evaluative judgment of the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of interpretations and actions based on test scores or other modes of assessment” (p.6).  The validity of the LSI 3.1, as measured by a variety of correlational and factor analysis studies, has been established by a variety of investigators (e.g. Black, 2008; Elliott, 2006, Ferrara, 2009; Hudak & Anderson, 1990).Simelane-Mnisi and Mji (2015) verified the validity of the instrument by using the Pearson correlation coefficient of the different subscales of the LSI 3.1 instead of the factor analysis. As regards to the correlation coefficients, Simelane-Mnisi and Mji (2015) indicated that, “the theory of experiential learning proposes that the four primary modes of the learning cycle-CE, RO, AC and AE-are composed of two independent dialectic (bipolar) dimensions: a grasping dimension measured by the combination score AC–CE, and a transformation dimension measured by the AE–RO combination score”  (p.314). To establish validity in their study, Simelane-Mnisi and Mji (2015) determined that the following conditions should be satisfied to be acceptable. These conditions are as follow: AC–CE and AE–RO should be uncorrelated.The CE and AC scales should not correlate with AE–RO.The AE and RO scales should not correlate with AC–CE.The dialectic poles of both combination dimensions should be negatively correlated, though not perfectly, since the dialectic relationship predicts the possibility of developmental integration of the opposite poles.The cross-dimensional scales—CE/ RO, AC/AE, CE/AE and AC/RO—should not be correlated as highly as the within dimension scales.Using the Pearson correlation coefficient to establish the validity of the instrument, Simelane-Mnisi and Mji (2015) concluded that the instrument; “Was consistent with what is described in Kolb learning styles’ theory” (p.318). Internal Validity.  Correlation studies and factor analysis have been performed to test the internal validity of the instrument (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b).  The following table reports the inter-correlation matrix, and alpha coefficients for studies conducted by Kayes (2005) and Kolb and Kolb, (2005b).   Table 7. KLSI 3.1 Scores for Normative Groups.Construct Validity. In the attempt to evaluate the construct validity of the instrument, Sims, Veres, and Shake (1989) conducted a study utilizing the LSI 2 and the Learning Styles Questionnaire. The total population in both instruments were 317 undergraduate business students. The researchers discovered that three of the four scales on each dimension were statistically significant, with correlation coefficients ranging from .11 to .28. There were not statistically significant relationships between the pragmatist scales on the LSQ and the active experimentation scale on the LSI 2.Kayes (2005) conducted a study to examine the construct validity of this instrument. He administered the LSI-3 to 221 participants. Using the two factor analysis of Eigenvalue, he discovered a 70% variance. Kayes (2005) concluded that this version of the LSI does provide satisfactory and meaningful validity. This conclusion is consistent with Yahya (1998). In addition, Wen-Bin and Chao-Chin (2006) also investigated the construct validity of the LSI. They utilized the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test it.  The results fluctuated between 0.34 to 1.11, demonstrating that the construct validity was significant at p = 0.05.Kayes (2005) used the discriminant construct validity to test construct validity of the instrument. Kayes (2005) stated, “If the correlations within each scale are greater than correlations between scales, then minimum evidence of construct validity is achieved. Between scale item correlations ranged from .18 to .48 for the 4 dimensional scores, (in contrast to within inter scale correlations of .76–.82) suggesting empirically distinct constructs” (p. 254). Through this study, Kayes (2005) established the construct validity of the LSI.  Cozby and Bates (2015) defined face validity as, “The degree to which a measurement device appears to accurately measure a variable” (p. 107). To create an instrument with face validity, Kolb team up four behavioral scientists familiar with experiential learning theory. At first, twelve set of words were created for pre-testing. The initial examination exposed random responses on three of the twelve set and were thus eliminated, resulting in a final version of the LSI 1 with nine items. Then, the remained nine set of words were polished through item-whole correlation analysis to incorporate six score item for each learning mode (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b). According to Emch (1990), “Only those words with correlations above .45 were used; most correlations ranged from .50 to .60” (p. 35). In addition, Kirby (1979) spent two-year studying various learning-style models and instrumentation at Ohio State University’s National Center for Research in Vocational. She arrived to the conclusion that, “The LSI had established “impressive face validity” (p. 72).External Validity. Hernandez, (2011) explained that; “The external validity is based on whether inferences can be made to the general population” (p. 66). Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, and Zechmeister, (2012) stated that external validity; “Examine the extent to which the study’s findings may be used accurately to describe people, settings, and conditions beyond those used in the study” (p. 94). The external validity of Kolb’s instrument contains research on gender, GPA, and academic performance (Kolb and Kolb, 2005b).Many researchers have investigated the relationship between learning style, and academic performance. For instance Lynch, Woelfl, Steele, and Hanssen (1998) used the LSI-2 to investigate the relation between learning style and academic performance in medical school. The total population for the study were 252 third-year medical students. Of the 252 third-year students participating in the study, 102 (45%) are classified as convergers, 59 (26%) as assimilators, 48 (21%) as accommodators, and 18 (8%) as divergers. To evaluate the academic performance of the population, the researchers used the result of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE 1), the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject examination in surgery, and NBME computer-based surgical case simulations (CBX). Table 8 reveals that convergers and assimilators perform better on the objective USMLE 1 and NBME.Table 8. The data suggest that students who describe themselves as highly abstract using the LSI have a distinct advantage when performance is measured by multiple-choice type instruments Exanimating the results depicted in table 9, Lynch, et al. (1998) inferred that, “students who describe themselves as highly abstract conceptualization using the LSI have a distinct advantage when performance is measured by multiple-choice type instruments” (p. 64).Table 9. A comparison of performance measures for students with strong (greater than one standard deviation above the mean) and weak (greater than one standard deviation below the mean) preferences for abstract conceptualization.Tsingos, Bosnic-Anticevich, and Smith (2015) explored the relationships between reflective and non-reflective learning styles, and academic performance of pharmacy students. To accomplish this, they invited 249 first year undergraduate pharmacy participants to be part of the study. All the participants took the Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory 3.1.  The study indicated a significant difference between participants who preferred reflective observation (m= 64.07) as a method to process information compared to those participants who did not (m= 61.46). Participants who choose the reflective observation attained higher academic results compared to those who did not. As shown in table 10, the study found that the greater preference amongst the pharmacy students was the assimilator learning style.Table 10. Distribution of learning styles in a pharmacy undergraduate cohort at an Australian University.Hargrove, Duowen Cordelia, Wheatland, Ding, and Brown, (2008) examined the relationship between students ‘learning styles, major, gender and academic performance in engineering at Morgan State University.  Two hundred and thirty-two freshman’s students majoring in Civil, Electrical, and Industrial Engineering enrolled in a freshman class, Introduction to Engineering took the LSI. The outcomes of the study revealed that 14.22% of the students had an accommodator preference; 44.40% of students had an assimilator preference; 23.71% students had a converger preference; and 17.67 % of students had a diverger preference. Looking at the data (see table 11), Hargrove, et al., (2008) concluded that; “There were more students with an Assimilator preference than any other learning style” (p.41). The purpose of Manochehri’s (2008) study was to compare the result of e-learning versus traditional learning based on Kolb learning style. The population for the study were undergraduate students at a major university in the United States who were enrolled in a subject course that was offered face-to face and online. The result of this study pointed out that assimilators and convergers did better in the web-based environment. In contrast, accommodators and divergers showed higher results in the face to face format.The goal of Stiefel (2012) study was to investigate if there were any relationship between undergraduate students’ learning style(s) and three learning environments, hybrid, online, and traditional.  A total of the 123 participants took the LSI 3.1. Using the chi square analysis, the researcher discovered that when examining the combination of learning style and hybrid environment, accommodator mode score higher than the other learning modes.  Looking at the data for learning styles and online environment, only the accommodator learning mode was reported. Table 12 also shows that traditional learners preferred the accommodators and divergers learning modes. Table 12. Relationship between Learning Style and Learning Environment.Kolb and Kolb (2005b) indicated significant differences between men and women. For instance, Fifty-nine percent of the women incline themselves concrete, while this number was 41% for men. Fifty-nine percent of the men lean toward abstract conceptualizing, while 41% of the women favored abstract conceptualizing. Stiefel (2012) study also found differences between males and females. For instance, comparing genders, fifty-two female score higher in the accommodator and diverging mode (52) than males (15). However, males score higher in converging than females. In spite of this, the cross-tabulation analysis in gender and learning styles did not display a significant result. As indicated in table 13, Hargrove, et al., (2008) reported that female students, (GPA = 2.7305), performed better academically than male students, (GPA = 2.5892).  Looking at the learning styles modes, the authors discovered that female students with an accommodator mode showed a higher GPA, than the other three. On the other hand, male students with a converger mode presented a higher GPA, than the other three.When comparing the GPAs learning styles between males and females, the researchers learned that the GPA for female students with the accommodator and assimilator preferences score higher than students with converger preferences. In contrast, male students with a GPA for accommodator and assimilator preferences score lower than students with converger preferences (Hargrove, et al., 2008b). Table 13.Kolb’s Learning Style Distributions and GPA in MSU’s School of Engineering.Note: Adapted from “The Effect of Individual Learning Styles on Student GPA in Engineering Education at Morgan State University” by Hargrove, et al., 2008, Journal of STEM Education, 9, p. 43.Reliability of the LSI. According to Creswell (2012); “Reliability is generally easier to understand as it is a measure of consistency. If scores are not reliable, they are not valid. Additionally, the more reliable the scores from an instrument, the more valid the scores may be” (p. 159).Numerous studies have confirmed the reliability of the Kolb LSI 3.1(see table 14). For instance, in a study, conducted by Kayes (2005), 221 liberal arts college students that took the online LSI, confirmed strong internal consistency as calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, with values reaching from .81 for CE, to .78 for RO, to .83 for AC, to .84 for AE. In another study, Weirstra and DeJong (2002) gave the same instrument to a total of 101 undergraduate psychology students. The results were similar, .81 for CE, .78 for RO, .83 for AC, and .84 for AE. Once again, Ruble and Stout (1994) showed comparable results, .72 for CE, .75 for RO, .72 for AC, and .73 for AE.Table 14. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of different studies using LSI 3.1.    Note: Note: Adapted from “The Kolb Learning Style Inventory—Version 3.1 2005 Technical Specifications” by Kolb & Kolb, 2005b, p. 15. Jamieson (2010), described test-retest reliability as; “the process by which instruments and their results are measured over time to determine an instruments’ reliability”. For instance, in the Learning Style Instrument’s 3.1 Technical Specifications manual, Kolb mentioned studies conducted by Kayes (2005), and Wierstra and Dejong (2002) to discuss the internal reliability of the instrument when compared with the earlier versions analyzed by Veres et al. (1991) and Ruble and Stout (1994) (Kolb & Kolb, 2005b). According to Kolb (1984), test-retest reliability should be significant when it fluctuate between .71 to .85.  According to him, this means that, “The instrument is consistent with the underlying premise that learning modes are interdependent, context contingent, and variable” (p. 229).Veres et al. (1991) used the Kappa coefficients, the results for the LSI 2, were; “For the initial sample (N = 711) the mean coefficients for CE were .82 for Time 1 and for Time 2; the  mean coefficients for RO were .85, mean coefficients for AC were .83, and mean coefficients for AE were (.84)” (p. 148). This indicates that the instrument is reliable. Veres et al. (1991) conducted another study comparing the revised version of the LSI (2.1). Using the same statistical method, they discovered, “that the mean coefficients ranged from .92 to .97 in the initial sample and from .97 to .99 in the replication sample” (p.148). Furthermore, Simelane-Mnisi and Mji (2015) conducted a study using Cronbach’s alpha to compute the reliability of the LSI 3.1.  Their study revealed that alpha values obtained in their study were comparable to those reported by Kayes (2005); Kolb and Kolb, (2005b), and Ruble and Stout (1994). Therefore, they concluded that the instrument is reliable Online Satisfaction Survey. This research will use the Student Satisfaction Survey created by Strachota (2006) to measure students’ levels of satisfaction.  She designed it with two purposes in mind; (1) to identify the level of satisfaction in distance learning courses for college level students in the online environment; and (2) to be utilized in the educational setting to measure student satisfaction as an online program evaluation outcome. This survey addressed the four types of interactions postulated by Moore and Kearsley (1996, 2005); (1) learner-content interaction, (2) learner-instructor interaction, (3) learner-learner interaction, and (4) learner-technology interaction which is associated to Hanna, Glowacki-Dudka, and Conceicao-Runlee, (2000) and Palloff & Pratt (2001) and the last section of the instrument is correlated to the students' general satisfaction with their online course experience (Strachota, 2006).The survey (see Appendix O) comprised of 35 questions, seven questions are linked to learner-learner interaction satisfaction, nine questions measure learner-technology interaction satisfaction, and six questions are associated to general satisfaction (Strachota, 2006). The survey was created with a four-point Likert-type scale of (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) agree, and (4) strongly agree. The survey can be completed in 30 minutes and it was written at the 12-grade level.Validity. To measure the validity of the instrument, Strachota (2003) employed a panel of subject matter experts and measurement experts in corresponding fields to review the five sections and their questions.  Then, a pilot study was performed to test the instrument (n = 249) for construct validity. Factor analysis was utilized to find the validity of the instruments in three construct, learner-content interaction, learner-instructor interaction and learner-learner interaction. The outcomes of the analysis showed that for learner-content interaction ranged from 0.604 to 0.780; for learner-instructor interaction ranged from 0.594 to 0.841; and for learner-learner interaction ranged from 0.588 to 0.786. These results shows that the instrument had a good internal or construct validity.However, Schmidt, Strachota, and Conceição (2006) stated that; “Items specific to learner-technology and general satisfaction were not pilot tested by the researchers as they had been piloted tested by Cassidy and Eachus (2000) and showed construct validity from 0.45-0.61 for learner-technology and 0.50-65 for general satisfaction constructs” (p. 1418). Reliability. In addition, after examining data from the pilot study, Strachota (2003) found that the instrument’s Cronbach’s alpha for learner-content interaction and general satisfaction was .90. The results for learner-instructor and learner-learner interaction was .89 (see table 14).  Strachota (2003) inferred that the instrument is; “Highly reliable and can be used at any institution of higher learning that offers online courses” (p. 67). Table 14.Shows the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of different studies using the Student Satisfaction Survey.ProceduresDesign. This study will be conducted using a quasi-experimental methods design to examine and have a clearer knowledge of the research topic. According to Shadish, Cook, and Campbell, (2002) “A quasi-experiment is an experiment in which units are not assigned to conditions random” (p.12). This study is investigating whether the knowledge of participants learning style influences performance and satisfaction. Therefore, two groups will be assembled; group A will consist of an experimental group and group B will be the control group. These two groups of participants will not be randomly assigned to one group or the other. This study will include two different online sections of MATH 111 College Mathematics for Aviation I at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The study will begin as soon as the researcher receive the approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) from both institutions (Nova Southeastern University and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University).All students enrolled in the MATH 111 College Mathematics for Aviation I online course at this university will be invited to participate in the study a few weeks before the semester starts. A personal e-mail (see Appendix L) will be sent by the instructor to all students in his/her class. This e-mail will include: a brief description of the study, a student identification number and a link to the consent form. The student identification number will start with 1000.  This identification code will not be related to the students’ social security or student number. This identifier will be known only by the instructor.  In addition, this e-mail will explain that participation will be voluntary, the students could opt out at any time, and that the results of the study will not have any impact on their grades. To minimize nonresponse rate, the instructor will send to all participants a personal e-mail message one week later, again requesting their participation. This methodology is encouraged by Schaefer & Dillman (1998) who argued that response rate increases through multiple contacts.The consent form will be attached to Canvas, ERAU’S learning management system. Following the acceptance of the informed concern form, group A will be immediately directed to the learning style inventory which will be linked to the students’ page. After finishing the LSI instrument, the answers will be saved and he/she will receive his/her profile (see Appendix N).  Then, the participant will be directed to the course.  Group B will not see the LSI instrument and will be redirected to their course.If for any reason the participant declines to participate in the study, his/her answer will be placed in the “no desire to participate” list, and the participant will be immediately directed to his/her course. The course will last nine weeks in an online setting that consists of weekly assignments, activity, and assessment. The instruction will integrate all online technologies (e.g. online discussions, power point, written assignments, and email) while focusing on objectives that are set for the course. During the last week of the course, an announcement will be placed in the participants’ page.  A link to the Student Satisfaction Survey will direct all participants to the survey (see Appendix O).  The survey will be given to each student who participated in the study. Each participant will need their identification code to access it. If the participant does not have it, he/she can ask the instructor for it. This survey will be created in Canvas. A week later, the instructor will provide the researcher the final grade corresponding to the participants’ identification number.   Data collection procedures. Creswell (2005) addressed the importance of collecting data by stating that; “collecting data means identifying and selecting individuals for a study, obtaining their permission to study them, and gathering information by asking people questions or observing their behaviors” (p.9).The types of data collection methods used in this study will comprise the use of two survey instruments. Data for students’ performance will be collected by the instructor. The purpose of the surveys is to gather the necessary data on students’ learning styles and satisfaction. The instructor in this study will ensure that the students’ final grades be submitted to the researcher within a reasonable timeframe, which is ten days after the end of the course.   As soon as the participant agrees to participate in the study, the researcher will begin collecting the data.  In order to understand the student performance and satisfaction on distance education environment, a three-phase data collection procedure will be used.In the first phase, the researcher will collect the data from Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory v3.1 electronic version. It will take approximately ten minutes to complete. The inventory will be electronically scored and the results will be sent to the participant. A copy of the result will be also sent to the researcher. The results of all participants’ answers will be stored in a secure password protected online account. Only the researcher will have access to this information.  In the second phase, the researcher will collect the data from the satisfaction survey and the demographic questionnaire.  Learning analytics (LA) in Canvas will collect and will analyze student’s survey. In the final phase, the researcher will collect the student’s performing data. The instructor will provide this information to the researcher.Data analysis procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the independent variables (learning styles) and the dependent variable, (performance and satisfaction).  As in many quasi-experimental studies, the population for this study will be assembled through their class sections. Ideally, the two groups (experimental and control) should be as comparable as possible. However, since this is quasi-experiments, no attempts will be made to balance the group’s characteristics, or to reduce the differences present between the groups. After collecting the data, this researcher will create four different worksheets in Microsoft Excel to store the data. The first worksheet will be labeled learning style. It is here where all the data collected from the leaning style survey will be stored. The next one will be performance. Satisfaction will follow, and lastly the demographic data set. Afterwards, all the data collected will be labeled by assigning a numeric value to each response. For instance, the accommodator will be equal to zero; assimilator will be equal to 1; converger will be equal to 2; and diverger will be assigned the number 3.In order to facilitate analysis of the data, the researcher will select a computer software rather than analyze data by hand. Therefore, once the data had been collected and coded, the data will be entered to SPSS version 18 to analyze it. The researcher will analyze the data in different stages. The first stage will consist of analyzing the descriptive statistics for each dependent and independent variables.  This will help the researcher to determine overall trends and the distribution of the data (Creswell, 2012).  For this type of analysis, the data is examined with the intention of describing what occurred in the sample. This will include the mean, standard deviation and variance of all the variables and demographics.  The researcher will collect the basic demographic data (e.g. age, gender, GPA, etc.) on participants.To answer the first research question, which is preferred learning styles, as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, of students enrolled in an online based course?,  the researcher will utilized  the result of the Learning Style Instrument. In addition, the researcher will conduct a descriptive statistics analysis. This study will appropriately report the preferred learning styles among the participants.Research question two, which individual learning style (diverger, converger, assimilator, or accommodator) best predicts performance in students enrolled in an online based course?, examines the relationship between learning styles (IV) and performance (DV). Therefore, this question will be answered by comparing the mean of the satisfaction scores and the means of the performance scores.  This means will be investigated by conducting a multiple regression analysis to analyze the independent variable (learning styles) and the dependent variable (performance). This statistical method will allow the researcher to study relationships between the independent and dependent (Creswell, 2012).Research question three, what is the relationship of preferred learning style, as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, and the level of student satisfaction?, examines the relationship between learning styles (IV) and satisfaction (DV). Consequently, this question will be answered by comparing the mean of the independent variable outcomes (learning styles) and the means of the dependent variable outcomes (satisfaction) performance scores.  The multiple regression analysis will be appropriated to analyze the independent variable (learning styles) and the dependent variable (satisfaction). This statistical method will allow the researcher to identify the variable responsible (diverger, converger, assimilator or accommodator style) for the variation in satisfaction.NOTE: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION WILL BE INCLUDED IN FINAL SUBMISSIONReferencesAdams, J. W. 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In The art of changing the brain: Enriching teaching by exploring the biology of learning (pp. 13-30). Sterling, VA: Stylus Pub.Appendix ADefinition of learning stylesAppendix B Brief List of Empirical Literature Using Experiential Learning Cycle (ELC) and Learning Style Inventory (LSI)Appendix CSample of Kolb’s Learning InventoryInstructions:Below there are 12 sentences with a choice of four endings. Rank the endings for each sentence according to how well you think each one fits with how you would go about learning something. Try to recall some recent situation where you had to learn something new; perhaps in your job.Using the spaces provided, rank order each sentence ending, start with a “4” for the sentence that best describes how you learn, down to a “1” for the sentence ending that seems the least like the way you would learn. BE sure to rank all the endings for each sentence unit. No two ending in a set can be given the same ranking. 4= MOST describe you1= LEAST describe you In raking the words, use your first impression. There are no right or wrong answer. The real you best revealed through a first impression. Analyzing each group will obscure the real you. Do not answer as you WISH you were or as you think you SHOULD be, just answer as you honestly think you are. Continue to rank all twelve sentences, one at the time.The ranking should take no more than 5 minutes.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\tAppendix DDistance Education DefinitionsAppendix EDefinitions of Online Learning/E-LearningAppendix FSample SyllabusCollege Mathematics for Aviation I MATH 111\nEagle Vision Classroom-Blended Learning\nCourse SyllabusCredit Hours: 3 CreditsAcademic Term: 2351: 31 May 2016 – 1 August 2016Meetings: 6:00 - 10:00 PM Central European Time; Thursday (June 2, 9, 16, 23, 30,July 7); 6:00 – 10:00 PM Central European Time; Tuesday (July 12)Location: Eagle Vision Classroom-Blended Learning (EVC + Online) Instructor:\tOffice Hours:\tBy appointmentTelephone: 49-(0)6371-51163 (Germany)E-mail:\tCourse Description:This is a pre-calculus course designed for the student aviation. Topics include a review of the fundamentals of algebra; linear equations and inequalities, quadratic equations; variation; polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions; radian measures; right triangle solutions, vectors and the laws of sines and cosines. Lecture hours per week (4:45 hours). Prerequisite(s): Qualifying score on the ERAU Mathematics Placement Examination or MATH 106Course Goals:This course provides students the necessary algebra, geometry and trigonometry required for the study of topics in aviation.Learning Outcomes: Alignment with Worldwide College of Arts and Sciences General Education program outcomes is indicated in parentheses. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to do the following:Use the basic properties of the real number system to perform algebraic operations including factoring, operations with fractions, exponents and radicals. (PO 1 & 7)Solve linear, quadratic, absolute value, rational, exponential, and logarithmic equations. Transpose formulas and solve verbal problems that require the use these types of equations. (PO 1 & 7)Solve linear inequalities and identify their solutions by using interval notation and graphs. (PO 1 & 7)Use the distance, midpoint, point-slope-intercept formulas to solve problems involving line and line segments. (PO 1 & 7)Solve verbal problems involving direct, inverse and joint variation. (PO 1 & 7)Define function, domain and range; and identify examples of each. (PO 1 & 7)Graph linear, quadratic, polynomial and rational functions by using standard forms,\nsymmetry, intercepts, asymptotes, and vertical and horizontal shifts. (PO 1 & 7)Graph exponential and logarithmic functions and solve word problems dealing with these functions. (PO 1 & 7)Convert radians to degrees, degrees to radians and solve arc length problems using radians. (PO 1 & 7)Define the six trigonometric functions and the fundamental trigonometric identities, and use them to find the values of various trigonometric functions. (PO 1 & 7)Use the six trigonometric functions to solve right triangle problems, resolve vectors into rectangular components, and solve force and displacement problems using vectors. (PO 1 & 7)Solve word problems by using linear systems of equations. (PO 1 & 7)Solve oblique triangle problems using the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. (PO 1 & 7)List of Program Outcomes for General Education of Arts and SciencesPO1 - Apply knowledge of college level mathematics to defining and solving problems; PO7 - Use digitally-enabled technology to organize and manipulate data, perform calculations, aid in solving problems, and communicate solutions, ideas, and concepts;Required Course Materials:Washington, A. J. (2014). Basic technical mathematics with calculus and MyMathLab (Custom 10th Edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 978- 1269723480. NOTE: Sections 21.1 and 21.2 were inadvertently omitted from the first printing of the custom textbook. They will be included in subsequent printings. Those sections are available in the electronic text available through MyMathLab (MML). To read these sections, students should access their MML course and go to the Multimedia Library option and then select Chapter 21 > All Sections > select the Multimedia Textbook option.A computer with reliable internet access is also required for this course. Note that you may need administrative access to be able to install applications or make other changes to your computer. If the computer you are using is not your own personal property, you may need to contact your organization's IT department to make such updates.MyMathLab (MML) is a course requirement. All the homework and exams are offered within MML. In addition to this, MML has some helpful videos and an online copy of the textbook that is readable from a multitude of platforms. While an eBook offers advantages, some strongly prefer the smell of paper and ink a learn best with a book to thumb through. The choice is ultimately yours.Students are required to have a calculator – handheld or virtual. Graphing calculators are not necessary for this course but would be useful (TI-83, TI-84, or equivalent are recommended). A scientific calculator that offers the trigonometric functions of SIN, COS, and TAN will suffice in this course. Whatever calculator you select, be sure that you know how to use it as this will minimize mistakes and frustration.Suggested Supplemental Materials:ERAU Worldwide provides MathType and Graphmatica software in the Resources page of this course. The software helps you write mathematical symbols in Canvas Discussions and in Word documents (although the equation editor in Canvas works just fine for your online Discussions). Use of these programs are optional and up to the individual student. Note that Graphmatica 2.0 is Shareware and as such you are bound by its terms—a trial is free, but once you decide it’s useful, you pay for the lifetime license ($25, as it has been since the last millennium). ERAU has no formal relationship with the owners of Graphmatica.Free tutoring for this course is available via Eduwizards. ERAU has contracted with Eduwizards to provide you with 10 hours of math tutoring available 24/7. Click here to be taken to the student logon page for this service. Students can request an instant “on-demand” session with a live person, schedule a session in advance with a tutor of their choice, or submit a question online and receive an answer within 24 hours. If you use up your initial block of time, simply contact the eLearning Support to request more.GradingGrade\t90 – 100 A (Superior)80 - 89\t B (Above Average)70 - 79\t C (Average)60 - 69\t D (Below Average)Below 60 F (Failure)Library:The Jack R. Hunt Library, located on the Daytona Beach Campus, is the primary library for all\nWorldwide Campus students.Web & Chat: http://huntlibrary.erau.edu/\nEmail: library@erau.edu\nText: (386) 968-8843\nLibrary Phone: (386) 226-7656 or (800) 678-9428\nHours: http://huntlibrary.erau.edu/about/hours.htmlAssignments, Discussion Participation (If required for Blended Delivery and/or special administrative:All assignments will be completed in a professional manner and on time, unless prior arrangements have been made with the professor. This course includes weekly activities, each of which may have grade points associated with them. Unless prior arrangements have been made with the instructor, students are expected to participate each week, according to the course schedule. This is especially important with regards to discussion activities. Weekly Canvas discussions typically include both an initial posting and one or more substantive replies in courses offered via Blended Learning. The Blended Learning activities will include nine Application PIN (Pre-Calculus Identification Numbers) Problems, one in each module. Note: Proper etiquette has to do with keeping it simple by using proper English and proper spelling – spell check works well in Canvas.MyMathLab: MyMathLab will be purchased as part of the text for this course. Until your book arrives, you will use MyMathLab for a free, 14-day trial period. Using MyMathLab is not optional.Reading: You are required to read the assigned chapters before class and before attempting any of the assignments each week. Please make time to take notes while you read the text, watch MML videos, and work through the sample problems each week. This is not a graded component of the course, but your success in subsequent assignments depends on your understanding of this material.MyMathLab (MML) Homework assignments: There will be homework assignments delivered via MyMathLab every week of the term. You can access homework problem set the week before the assignment is due and work on it up until the due date. You will get unlimited chances to submit an answer. MML HW assignments submitted after the deadline will be automatically downgraded 10% per day for the portion of homework that is late.MyMathLab Exams: There are three exams for you to complete in MML. You will have a single opportunity to answer the set of questions. Once you start the exam, you must complete it. Each test will be graded immediately by MML, but your instructor will review your entries and any scratch work before determining your final score. If you experience any technical difficulties with the exam, contact your instructor as soon as possible for assistance. All exams will be available for a one-week period, after which the link will become unavailable.Study Plan: The MML/MSL system uses the results of your work in the homework, quizzes, and exams to build an individualized study plan. The purpose of the study plan is to provide an opportunity for you to review the areas of the course where you may need additional work. The study plan offers additional exercises in the areas of the course where you may need improve your knowledge and skills. This is not a graded component of the course, but is an opportunity to address weaknesses before taking more heavily-weighted assessments.Blended Learning Assignment: Blended Learning assignments for this course will consist of math questions presented via a forum created for each week in the Discussions area in Canvas. These are the Application PIN Problems. You must make an initial post by 11:59 PM ET on the third day of your week (Sunday) and then post a reply to the initial posts of two or more of your classmates by 11:59 PM ET at the end of your week (Wednesday). Points will be deducted for poor grammar, misspelled words, improperly cited web/textbook references, late initial posts, and posts made all at one time (do not “post and run”). Posts made after the end of the module will be reviewed by your instructor, but you will not get any credit for them.Class Participation: Extra credit points for class participation will be earned each night by working a problem on the whiteboard with the instructor and participating in class when called upon. These extra credit points will be student initiated.Course Policies:Embry-Riddle is committed to maintaining and upholding intellectual integrity. All students, faculty, and staff have obligations to prevent violations of academic integrity and take corrective action when they occur. The adjudication process will include the sanction imposed on students who commit the following academic violations, which may include a failing grade on the assignment, a failing grade for the course, suspension, or dismissal from the University:Plagiarism: Presenting as one’s own the ideas, words, or products of another. Plagiarism includes use of any source to complete academic assignments without proper acknowledgement of the source. All papers submitted for grading in this course will be submitted to Turnitin where the text of the paper is compared against information contained in the Turnitin database. Papers submitted will be included in the Turnitin database and become source documents for the purpose of detecting plagiarism.Cheating: A broad term that includes the following:Giving or receiving help from unauthorized persons or materials during examinations.The unauthorized communication of examination questions prior to, during, or following administration of the examination.Collaboration on examinations or assignments expected to be individual work.Fraud and deceit, that include knowingly furnishing false or misleading information or failing to furnish appropriate information when requested, such as when applying for admission to the University.APA 6th edition format is the ERAU Worldwide standard for all research projects.Course Specific Policies:Blended Learning Policy: This course is offered in blended format. 70% of the required course will be conducted in-class. 30% will take place online in Canvas. Class meetings will be comprised of lectures, audio-visual presentations, discussions, exercises, and student presentations. Online activities will include discussion with classmates, posting of your work, reviewing classmates’ work, and feedback from the instructor on your work. During the first class meeting, we will thoroughly review the online Blended Course activities.Missed Class Policy: You are expected to attend each class session in its entirety. Notify the instructor as soon as possible if you will not be present or if you will miss part of class. If you miss any part of class, you will need to review the EagleVision recording and use the Missed Class forum in the Discussions area to post a summary of the highlights from the lecture plus identify unresolved questions you have about the material you missed. Your instructor and classmates will reply to your post in order to clarify anything and bring you up to speed with the rest of the class. Your instructor will also check the EV playback log to verify that you watched the session. Students who fail to complete this make-up assignment 48 hours before the start of the next class session will lose 5% off their overall course grade.Late Work Policy: All course work is expected to be completed on time and should be submitted before 11:59 PM ET on the date indicated in the Course Schedule below. Please coordinate with the instructor as soon as possible if you know your assignment will be late. In some special cases, a penalty-free extension might be granted if you provide your expected date of submission in addition to the reason you cannot make the deadline (expect to provide supporting documentation). Keep in mind that you always have at least 7 days to complete your assignments, so difficulties encountered less than 24 hours prior to the deadline will not be viewed in a favorable light. This late work policy will include all MML Tests and Discussions.Disability and Special Needs:ERAU is committed to the success of all students. It is a University policy to provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities who qualify for services. If you would like to request accommodations due to a physical, mental, or learning disability contact the Worldwide Campus Disability Support Service Office at (888) 292-5727 or via email wwdss@erau.edu or worldwide.disability.support.services@erau.edu.Course ScheduleAppendix GSample Latter to Request Institutional Site ApprovalJohn Watret, Ph. D.Chancellor of Worldwide CampusDepartment of Mathematics, Physical & Life SciencesWorldwide College of Arts & SciencesWorldwide CampusMay 22, 2018Re: Permission to Conduct Research at ERAUDear Dr. Watret,I am writing to request permission to conduct a research study at your institution. I am an alumni and doctoral student at Nova Southeastern University at Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The dissertation title is The Relationship of Learning Styles, Performance and Satisfaction for Students Enrolled in Online Courses.I hope that the school administration will allow me to recruit 100 online undergraduate students enrolled in a nine week online (MATH 111 College Mathematics for Aviation I) from the ERAU Worldwide department. Half of these participant will anonymously complete the Kolb Learning Style Inventory v3.1 On-line (copy enclosed). In addition, all participant, anonymously, will take the Strachota’s Online Satisfaction Survey (copy enclosed). Interested students, who volunteer to participate, will be given a consent form to be signed before the study commence (copy enclosed).If approval is granted, student participants will complete the survey online and it should take no more than five minutes to complete the Kolb Learning Style Inventory v3.1 and Strachota’s Online Satisfaction Survey will take approximately 15-20 minutes to complete.The individual results of this study will remain absolutely confidential and anonymous.  Should this study be published, only pooled results will be documented.  No costs will be incurred by either your university or the individual participants.Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated.  If you wish we can meet to discuss the study. You may contact me at my email rosie.suarez@live.com or rs1414@nova.ed. You can also contact me at 386-299-9097.Sincerely,Rosabelle SuarezDoctoral StudentNova Southeastern University EnclosuresAppendix HSample Letter to Use the LSIRosabelle Suarez1171 Margina AveDaytona Beach, FL 32114May 31, 2018LSI Research ContactsHay Research GroupOne Atlantic Center Suite 620\n1201 West Peachtree Street\nAtlanta, GA 30309\nDear Sir/Madam:I am a doctoral student from Nova Southeastern University writing my dissertation titled The Relationship of Learning Styles and Success for Students Enrolled in Online Courses, under the direction of my dissertation committee chaired by Dr. Cesáreo Morales, who can be reached at mcesareo@nova.edu.  I would like your permission to use the Kolb’s Learning Style instrument electronic version 3.1 in my research study.  I would like to use the instrument under the following conditions:I will use the surveys only for my research study and will not sell or use it with any compensated or curriculum development activities.I will include the copyright statement on all copies of the instrument.I will send a copy of my completed research study to your attention upon completion of the study.If these are acceptable terms and conditions, please indicate so by replying to me through e-mail:  rosie.suarez@live.com or rs1414@nova.eduSincerely,Rosabelle SuarezDoctoral CandidateAppendix IApproval to Use LSIHi Rosabelle,\n\nCongratulations! Your LSI 3.1 online use for research has been approved.\n\nWe wish you luck with your research and look forward to hearing about your findings. Please send a completed copy of your research to email address or you can mail a hardcopy to: LSI Research Contractsc/o Maggie ZennerKorn Ferry Hay Group, Inc.1650 Arch Street, Suite 2300Philadelphia, PA 19103 Please let me know if you have any questions.\nThank youMaggie Appendix JRequest and Approval to Use Online Satisfaction SurveyFrom: Elaine Strachota <strachotae@gmail.com>Sent: Tuesday, December 5, 2017 12:50 AMTo: rosie.suarez@live.comSubject: Fwd: PermissionRosabelleYou have my permission to use my Online Satisfaction survey for your doctoral research. Be sure to reference me as the author of the instrument. Best of luck to you with your research.Elaine StrachotaUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukee WIstracho3@uwm.edu---------- Forwarded message ----------From: Rosabelle Suarez <hit-reply-premium-inmail@linkedin.com>Date: Wed, Nov 29, 2017 at 2:59 PMSubject: PermissionTo: Elaine Strachota <strachotae@gmail.com>Dear Dr. Strachota: My name is Rosabelle Suarez and I am a doctoral student at Nova Southeastern University at Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The dissertation title is The Relationship of Learning Styles, Performance and Satisfaction for Students Enrolled in Online Courses. I am writing to you in regards to the use of your instrument entitled \"Online Satisfaction Survey\". During my literature review, I came across a survey you developed in 2003 with a title of \"Online Satisfaction Survey\". This survey fits the needs of my research questions as part of my study focus on determining the satisfaction of online students while comparing it with learning styles and performance. May I please ask for your permission to utilize this survey as part of my dissertation and data gathering process?The requested permission extend to any future revisions of my dissertation and to the public circulation of my dissertation by Nova southeastern University. If you are not the copyright holder, or if another permission is needed for world right from another source, please let me know. Yours Truly,Rosabelle SuarezAppendix KApproval to Use FiguresMs. Suarez,Stylus Publishing grants permission for you to use the figure in your dissertation free of charge provided that you put the following copyright notice on the page with the figure:Reprinted from The Art of Changing the Brain: Enriching the Practice of Teaching by Exploring the Biology of Learning by James E. Zull (Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, LLC) with permission of the publisher, Copyright © 2002, Stylus Publishing, LLC. Thank you,Jane LeathemStylus PublishingJane.Leathem@styluspub.comwww.styluspub.comTo place an order:Tel:  800.232.0223Fax:  703.661.1501stylusmail@presswarehouse.coAppendix LSample of Learning Style ProfileAppendix M Satisfaction QuestionnaireDirections: For each of the statements below, read the statement carefully and decide how well it describes the class you are now attending. Indicate your opinion by selecting one of the choices provided. Be sure that you select only one choice for each statement. \n\nWhat two things does the text say you should decide when reading each statement?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d1f28e26d5044221b6d870ba603721c2", "conversation_index": 508373, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1304, "prompt": "summarize the below text in points\n\nBED CHARGES 08/07/2023 - 08/07/2023 3RD F(PRE-OP ROOM)-NORTH WING 900.00 1.00 0.00 900.00 09/07/2023 - 09/07/2023 POST-OP RECOVERY ROOM 999311 900.00 1.00 0.00 900.00 Total for BED CHARGES 1800.00 LABORATORY 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 SODIUM (SERUM) 999316 150.00 1.00 0.00 150.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 POTASSIUM (SERUM) 999316 150.00 1.00 0.00 150.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 TRIPLE SCREEN (HIV,HCV,HBSAG)BY RAPID TEST* 999316 1800.00 1.00 0.00 1800.00 08/07/2023 09:36 - IP24/126612 PT* 999316 200.00 1.00 0.00 200.00 Total for LABORATORY 2300.00 OTHER CHARGES 08/07/2023 12:08 - IP24/128539 DOCTOR VISIT (Dr. ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 09/07/2023 12:08 - IP24/128540 DOCTOR VISIT (Dr. ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 10/07/2023 12:10 - IP24/128541 DOCTOR VISIT (Dr. ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT) 999311 1200.00 1.00 0.00 1200.00 Total for OTHER CHARGES 3600.00 IPD_SALE PHARMACY (CORP.) 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 MOXYNIC 1.2 GM INJ 30049011 156.10 1.00 0.00 156.10 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 IV SET PREMIUM 90189011 235.00 1.00 0.00 235.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 10 ML SYRINGE 90183910 26.00 2.00 0.00 52.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 ESOL 40 MG INJ (ESMEPRAZOLE) 30049011 192.90 1.00 0.00 192.90 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 I V CANNULA 18G VENFLON (BD) 90189011 280.00 1.00 0.00 280.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 1 ML INSULIN SYR U-40 90189011 11.00 1.00 0.00 11.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 LEUKOBAND - NP 30059060 96.75 1.00 0.00 96.75 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 RL 500ML. 30049099 56.42 1.00 0.00 56.42 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 TRIMMER 90189011 37.00 1.00 0.00 37.00 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 5 ML SYRINGE 90189011 16.50 1.00 0.00 16.50 08/07/2023 12:30:00 - 23-24/58344 EMESET 2ML INJ (ONDANSETRON) 30049099 11.91 1.00 0.00 11.91 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 MOXYNIC 1.2 GM INJ 30049011 156.10 2.00 0.00 312.20 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 10 ML SYRINGE 90183910 26.00 5.00 0.00 130.00 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 NS 500ML 30049011 34.82 2.00 0.00 69.64 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 CHYMORAL PLUS TAB 15\" 30049082 13.20 15.00 0.00 198.00 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702 EMESET 2ML INJ (ONDANSETRON) 30049099 11.91 1.00 0.00 11.91 08/07/2023 18:24:00 - 23-24/58702"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "3a4f69f5eef6587da79427b03170618be69122edb75715f9", "conversation_index": 7122, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 55166, "prompt": "Western AustraliaSchool Education Act 1999Compare between:[01 Feb 2007, 01-f0-02] and [16 Mar 2007, 02-a0-03]         Western AustraliaSchool Education Act 1999An Act to make provision — for education in school or by home education with education, training and employment alternatives at the senior secondary level;for the establishment and operation of government schools and for parent and community involvement in school affairs;for the registration of non-government schools and the funding of such schools; for the registration of community kindergartens; andfor administrative responsibilities for school education;to repeal the Education Act 1928 and consequentially amend certain other Acts, and to make related provisions.\t[Long title amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 14.]Part 1 — Preliminary What this Part is aboutThis Part provides for some matters that are relevant to the Act generally.In particular it deals with — the commencement of the Act on a day, or of different provisions on different days, fixed by proclamation (section 2);the objects of the Act (section 3);the definition of terms used in the Act (section 4) (but where a definition only applies to a particular Part, Division, Subdivision, Schedule or section, it is placed in that Part, Division, Subdivision, Schedule or section);the  of some terms used in the Act which, because of their length, are better placed in separate sections (sections 5, 6 and 7); the status of notes in the Act (section 8).1.\tShort title \t\tThis Act may be cited as the School Education Act 1999 1.2.\tCommencement \t\tThe provisions of this Act come into operation on such day as is, or days as are respectively, fixed by proclamation 1.3.\tObjects \t(1)\tThe objects of this Act include the following — \t(a)\tto recognize the right of every child in the State to receive a school education;\t(b)\tto allow that education to be given in a government school, a non-government school or at home;\t(c)\tto provide for government schools that meet the educational needs of all children; \t(ca)\tto provide for education, training and employment alternatives at the senior secondary level; and \t(d)\tto acknowledge the importance of the involvement and participation of a child’s parents in the child’s education.\t(2)\tAny person who has a function under this Act is to seek to ensure that the objects stated in subsection (1) are achieved.\t[Section 3 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 15.]4.\t\t\tIn this Act, unless the contrary intention appears — \t“chief executive officer” — \t(a)\tin Part 4, has the meaning given by section 151; and\t(b)\totherwise has the meaning given by section 229;\t“child” means a person who has not reached the age of 18;\t“child of compulsory school age” means a child who under section 9(1) is required to be enrolled in an educational programme and includes a child to whom section 10(2) applies;\t“compulsory education period” has the meaning given by section 6;\t“Council”, in relation to a government school, means the Council established under section 125 for the school;\t“department”— \t(a)\tin Part 4, means the department of the Public Service principally assisting the Minister in the administration of that Part; and\t(b)\totherwise has the meaning given by section 228;\t“disability” means a condition — \t(a)\twhich is attributable to an intellectual, psychiatric, cognitive, neurological, sensory or physical impairment or a combination of those impairments; \t(b)\twhich is permanent or likely to be permanent; \t(c)\twhich may or may not be of a chronic or episodic nature; and\t(d)\twhich results in — \t(i)\ta substantially reduced capacity of a person for communication, social interaction, learning or mobility; and\t(ii)\tthe need for continuing support services;\t“educational programme” means an organized set of learning activities designed to enable a student to develop knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes relevant to the student’s individual needs;\t“General Purposes Fund”, in relation to a school, means the fund referred to in section 109;\t“government school” means a school established under section 55;\t“intake area” for a government school means the area defined under section 60(1)(b) for that school;\t“local-intake school” means a school to which a declaration under section 60(1) applies;\t“non-government school” means a school registered under section 160;\t“parent”, in relation to a child, means a person who at law has responsibility — \t(a)\tfor the long-term care, welfare and development of the child; or\t(b)\tfor the day to day care, welfare and development of the child,\t\texcept in sections 9(2), 10(b), 25, 27, 38(1) and Division 6 of Part 2 where it has only the meaning given by paragraph (b);\t“post-compulsory education period” has the meaning given by section 7;\t“pre-compulsory education period” has the meaning given by section 5;\t“principal” — \t(a)\tin relation to a non-government school, means the person who is in charge of the school; and \t(b)\tin relation to a government school, has the meaning given by section 62;\t“regulations” means regulations under section 244;\t“school” means a government school or a non-government school;\t“school fund” means the General Purposes Fund and a fund referred to in section 110;\t“school year”, in relation to a government school, means the school year determined by order under section 117;\t“student” means a person who is enrolled at a school;\t“teacher”, in relation to a government school, means a member of the teaching staff;\t“teaching staff” means persons appointed as such under section 236(2); \t“year 11” and “year 12” mean the 11th year and the 12th year respectively of the compulsory education period determined on the basis of a model under which — \t(a)\tenrolment at a school occurs as soon as is required by section 9; and\t(b)\tschooling progresses normally through each year until the end of the compulsory education period.\t[Section 4 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 16.]5.\t of “pre-compulsory education period” \t\tThe pre-compulsory education period for a child is as follows — \t(a)\tuntil 31 December 2000 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 4; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 5;\t(b)\tfrom 1 January 2001 until 31 December 2002 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 4 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 5; \t\tand\t(c)\tfrom 1 January 2003 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 4 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 5 years and 6 months.6.\t of “compulsory education period”\t\tThe compulsory education period for a child is as follows — \t(a)\tuntil 31 December 2005 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 6 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 15;\t(b)\tfrom 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2007 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 6 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 16;\t(c)\tfrom 1 January 2008 until 31 December 2013 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 6 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil — \t(I)\tthe end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 17; or\t(II)\tthe child satisfies the minimum requirements for graduation from secondary school established under the Curriculum Council Act 1997,\t\twhichever happens first;\t(d)\tfrom 1 January 2014 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 6 years and 6 months; and\t(ii)\tuntil — \t(I)\tthe end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 17 years and 6 months; \t(II)\tthe child satisfies the minimum requirements for graduation from secondary school established under the Curriculum Council Act 1997; or\t(III)\tthe child reaches the age of 18,\t\twhichever happens first.\t[Section 6 inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 4(1).]7.\t of “post-compulsory education period”\t\tThe post-compulsory education period for a child is as follows — \t(a)\tuntil 31 December 2005 — \t(i)\tfrom the beginning of the year in which the child reaches the age of 16; and\t(ii)\tuntil the end of the year in which the child reaches the age of 17;\t\tand\t(b)\tfrom 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2007, the year in which the child reaches the age of 17.\t[Section 7 inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 4(1).]8.\tNotes not part of Act \t\tNotes in this Act are provided to assist understanding and do not form part of the Act.Part 2 — Enrolment and attendance What this Part is aboutThis Part deals with — the compulsory enrolment of all children in an educational programme (Division 1);procedures for the enrolment of children at a government or non-government school (Division 2);attendance requirements for students enrolled at a government or a non-government school (Division 3);the absence of students from government schools for a religious or cultural observance (Division 4);absenteeism in relation to both government and non-government schools (Division 5);the provision of education by parents to their children in the home (Division 6).Division 1 — Compulsory education with alternatives in year11 and year 12\t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 17.]Subdivision 1 — Enrolment of children of compulsory school age 9.\tWhen enrolment compulsory \t(1)\tA child is to be enrolled in an educational programme for each year of the compulsory education period for that child.\t(1a)\tSubsection (1) has effect subject to sections 11F(2) and 11H(5) and (6).\tNote:\tThe effect of the provisions mentioned in subsection (1a) is that if a child in year 11 or 12 is, in accordance with Subdivision 1A, participating in an option or in options under that Subdivision and the required notice has been given and remains in force, the child does not have to be enrolled or to be provided with home education under section 9.\t(2)\tA parent of a child must ensure that subsection (1) is complied with.\tPenalty: $2 500.\t(3)\tA prosecution for an offence against subsection (2) is not to be commenced against a parent unless the chief executive officer has given a certificate to the effect that all reasonably practicable steps have been taken to secure compliance with subsection (1) by the parent.\t(4)\tWhere in any proceedings a document is produced purporting to be a certificate given under subsection (3) the court is to presume, unless the contrary is shown, that the document is such a certificate.\t[Section 9 amended by No. 84 of 2004 s. 80; No. 22 of 2005 s. 18.] 10.\tWays in which section 9 satisfied \t(1)\tThe duty imposed by section 9 is satisfied in respect of a child by — \t(a)\tthe enrolment of the child at a school; or\t(b)\tthe registration under section 48 of a parent as the child’s home educator and the continuation in effect of that registration.\t(2)\tThe reference to enrolment in subsection (1)(a) includes enrolment of a child in year 11 or year 12 for part-time studies if the extent of those studies when taken with an option or options under section 11B will meet the requirements of section 11C and regulations made for the purposes of that section. \t[Section 10 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 19.]11.\tExemption by Minister \t(1)\tThe Minister may by instrument — \t(a)\texempt a child from section 9(1) if the Minister is satisfied that it is in the best interests of the child to do so; and\t(b)\tat any time revoke an exemption.\t(2)\tSection 9(1) does not apply to a child who is exempted by the Minister under subsection (1) if the conditions of the exemption are being complied with.\t(3)\tAn exemption may be limited in its operation to a specified period.\t(4)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tmake the exemption subject to any condition; and\t(b)\timpose any further condition or vary or revoke a condition at any time.\t(5)\tWithout limiting the Minister’s ability to obtain advice or information, he or she may obtain advice from an advisory panel under section 241 for the purposes of any decision required to be made under this section.\t(6)\tIn the case of children enrolled at non-government schools, the Minister may by instrument delegate the powers conferred on him or her by this section to the chief executive officer referred to in section 151.Subdivision 1A — Alternatives to the operation of section 9 for children in year 11 and year 12\t[Heading inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11A.\tTerms used in this Subdivision\t(1)\tIn this Subdivision — \t“course” includes a programme or activity;\t“parent”, in relation to a child, means — \t(a)\ta person who at law has responsibility for the long-term care, welfare and development of the child;\t(b)\ta person who at law has responsibility for the day-to-day care, welfare and development of the child; or\t(c)\tif, in the opinion of the Minister, there is no person to whom paragraph (a) or (b) applies who is reasonably available at the relevant time, an adult person who is responsible for the child;\t“participate” has the meaning provided for by section 11J and regulations made for the purposes of that section;\t“provider” has the meaning given to that term in subsection (2).\t(2)\tIn this Subdivision — \t“provider”, in relation to a person who comes within a description in the first column of the Table to this definition, means a person or body specified in the second column of the Table opposite that description.Table\t[Section 11A inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11B.\tOptions available\t(1)\tIn year 11 and year 12 a child may, despite section 9(1), participate in one or more of the following options — \t(a)\tundertaking — \t(i)\ta course of study provided by a university established under a written law or under a law of another State, or of a Territory, of the Commonwealth; or\t(ii)\ta higher education course registered under section 23 of the Higher Education Act 2004;\t(b)\tundertaking a course or skills training programme accredited under the Vocational Education and Training Act 1996;\t(c)\tbeing — \t(i)\tan apprentice as defined in the Industrial Training Act 1975; or\t(ii)\ta trainee under a traineeship scheme as defined in that Act;\t(d)\tbeing employed under a contract of employment otherwise than in a capacity mentioned in paragraph (c), but subject to approval being in force under section 11G; or\t(e)\tundertaking a course prescribed under subsection (2).\t(2)\tThe Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, prescribe — \t(a)\ta course; or\t(b)\ta class or description of courses,\t\tthat does not otherwise come within subsection (1), to be an option for the purposes of that subsection.\t(3)\tAn order under subsection (2) is to specify for a course the person or body that is the provider of the course.\t(4)\tAn order under subsection (2) is subsidiary legislation for the purposes of the Interpretation Act 1984.\t[Section 11B inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11C.\tParticipation to be full-time\t(1)\tParticipation in an option, or a combination of options, provided for by section 11B(1) must be on a full-time basis.\t(2)\tThe regulations may make provision for — \t(a)\tcircumstances and arrangements that are to be taken to comply with the requirements of subsection (1); and \t(b)\trules or criteria that are to be taken into account in determining whether arrangements and circumstances so comply.\t(3)\tEnrolment of a child as mentioned in section 10(2) is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were an option provided for by section 11B(1).\t[Section 11C inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11D.\tNotice of arrangements to be given to Minister\t(1)\tWhere a child — \t(a)\tis enrolled in a course or a combination of courses; or\t(b)\tbecomes an apprentice or trainee as mentioned in section 11B(1),\t\ta parent of the child must give notice to the Minister as soon as is practicable after the arrangements are made.\t(2)\tA notice must include particulars of the arrangements made for the child.\t(3)\tA parent of a child may, by further notice given to the Minister, cancel a notice given under subsection (1).\t(4)\tExcept as may be provided by the regulations, notice must be given to the Minister by a parent of the child concerned of — \t(a)\tany variation of the arrangements notified under subsection (1); or\t(b)\tif the arrangements relate to, or will as varied relate to, a combination of courses, any variation proposed to be made.\t(5)\tIf a child in respect of whom a notice has been given under this section ceases to be enrolled in a course or to be an apprentice or trainee as mentioned in section 11B(1), a parent of the child must give notice to the Minister of the cessation as soon as is practicable after it occurs.\t(6)\tA notice under a provision of this section must be in a form approved by the Minister for the purposes of that provision.\t(7)\tSubject to section 11E, a notice under this section comes into force when it is given to the Minister.\t[Section 11D inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11E.\tSpecial provision for enrolment in a combination of courses \t(1)\tThis section applies to a notice under section 11D(1) relating to the enrolment of a child in a combination of courses.\t(2)\tSuch a notice must also include particulars of any enrolment of the child for part-time studies at a school.\t(3)\tA notice to which this section applies does not come into force unless the Minister gives the parent concerned a formal written acknowledgment of the choice of courses to which the notice relates.\t(4)\tExcept as may be provided by the regulations, a proposed variation notified by a parent under section 11D(4)(b) is of no effect for the purposes of this Subdivision unless the Minister gives the parent a formal written acknowledgment of the proposal.\t(5)\tThe Minister is to give a formal written acknowledgment under subsection (3) or (4) if the Minister is satisfied that participation by the child concerned — \t(a)\tin the combination of courses; or\t(b)\tin the combination of courses as varied,\t\tmeets the requirements of section 11C and regulations made for the purposes of that section.\t(6)\tIn making a decision under subsection (5) the Minister is to take into account, where applicable — \t(a)\tany enrolment of the child for part-time studies at a school; and\t(b)\tany part-time employment approved under section 11G.\t(7)\tThe Minister may require the parent to give further information or documents to enable the Minister to make a decision under subsection (5).\t(8)\tA notice to which this section applies comes into force when the Minister gives a formal written acknowledgment in respect of the notice.\t[Section 11E inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11F.\tEffect of notice\t(1)\tA notice that comes into force under section 11D or 11E remains in force until — \t(a)\tthe child concerned ceases to participate, as required by section 11I, in the option or any of the options notified, including any variation that has taken effect and any option taken into account under section 11E(6);\t(b)\tthe notice is cancelled; or\t(c)\tthe end of the compulsory education period of the child,\t\twhichever happens first.\t(2)\tWhile a notice is in force, section 9(1) does not apply to the child concerned.\t[Section 11F inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11G.\tApproval required for employment option \t(1)\tA child is not to be employed as mentioned in section 11B(1)(d), whether or not the employment is in combination with any other option, unless the approval of the Minister has been obtained under this section and remains in force.\t(2)\tOn application made by a parent of a child in a form approved by the Minister, the Minister may, by notice in writing to the applicant, give approval to the child being employed by a specified employer.\t(3)\tIf application is made for the approval of part-time employment, the Minister is to give approval only if the Minister is satisfied that the employment and participation in another option or other options chosen will meet the requirements of section 11C and regulations made for the purposes of that section.\t(4)\tIn making a decision under subsection (3) the Minister is to also take into account any enrolment of the child for part-time studies at a school.\t(5)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tmake an approval subject to any condition; and\t(b)\tat any time by notice to a parent of the child concerned impose any further condition or vary or revoke a condition.\t(6)\tThe Minister may at any time by notice to a parent of the child concerned vary or revoke an approval.\t(7)\tThe Minister may exercise a power under subsection (5)(b) or (6) on application by a parent or on the Minister’s own initiative.\t[Section 11G inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11H.\tNotice of employment to be given and effect of the notice\t(1)\tWhere a child is employed in accordance with an approval under section 11G, a parent of the child must give notice to the Minister as soon as is practicable after the employment starts.\t(2)\tIf a child in respect of whom notice has been given under subsection (1) ceases to be employed in accordance with an approval under section 11G, a parent of the child must give notice to the Minister of the cessation as soon as is practicable after it occurs.\t(3)\tA notice under subsection (1) or (2) must be in a form approved by the Minister for the purposes of that subsection.\t(4)\tA notice duly given under subsection (1) remains in force until — \t(a)\tthe child concerned ceases to be employed in accordance with the relevant approval;\t(b)\tthe relevant approval is revoked under section 11G(6); or\t(c)\tthe end of the compulsory education period of the child,\t\twhichever happens first.\t(5)\tWhere the employment to which a notice under subsection (1) relates is full-time employment, section 9(1) does not apply to the child concerned while the notice is in force.\t(6)\tWhere the employment to which a notice under subsection (1) relates is part-time employment, section 9(1) does not apply to the child concerned so long as — \t(a)\tthat notice is in force;\t(b)\tthere is also in force a notice under section 11D relating to the other option or options mentioned in section 11G(3); and\t(c)\tthe child is participating in any part-time studies at a school that were taken into account as mentioned in section 11G(4).\t[Section 11H inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11I.\tRequirement to participate in chosen options\t(1)\tWhere a notice has been given under section 11D that a child has been enrolled in a course referred to in section 11B(1)(a), (b) or (e), the child is required to participate in the course.\t(2)\tWhere a notice has been given under section 11D or 11H that a child has become an apprentice or trainee or is employed, the child is required to — \t(a)\tparticipate in the apprenticeship or traineeship; or\t(b)\tunless the Minister’s approval is revoked under section 11G(6), participate in the employment.\t(3)\tWhere a notice to which section 11E applies has come into force in accordance with that section, the child concerned is required to participate in each of the courses to which the notice relates.\t(4)\tThis section does not apply to a child after the compulsory education period for the child has ended.\t(5)\tSubsections (1), (2) and (3) apply subject to — \t(a)\tany variation that has taken effect; and \t(b)\ta notice of cancellation given by a parent.\tNote:\tIf a child stops participating in any of the arrangements made under this Subdivision or in part-time studies at a school, the notice of those arrangements ceases to be in force by operation of section 11F(1) or 11H(4); and, if that happens, section 9(1a) no longer applies and the child has to be enrolled at a school as a full-time student or provided with home education.\t[Section 11I inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11J.\tWhat constitutes participation\t(1)\tA child is taken to be participating in a course for the purposes of this Subdivision if the child — \t(a)\tis enrolled in the course with the relevant provider; and\t(b)\tis complying with — \t(i)\tthe provider’s requirements about physically attending, at particular times, the provider’s premises or another place for the purposes of each such course;\t(ii)\tin the case of a course of distance education, the provider’s requirements about completing and returning the assigned work for the course; or\t(iii)\tin the case of any other external course, the provider’s requirements about communicating with or contacting the provider for the purpose of participating in the course.\t(2)\tFor the purposes of this Subdivision, the fact of a child — \t(a)\tbeing an apprentice or trainee; or \t(b)\tbeing employed in accordance with an approval under section 11G,\t\tis taken to be participation in the option mentioned in section 11B(1)(c)(i) or (ii) or (d), as the case may be.\t(3)\tParticipation is taken to continue, for the purposes of this Subdivision, during any absence allowed under the requirements, terms and conditions of the course, apprenticeship, traineeship or employment concerned.\t(4)\tParticipation in a course, apprenticeship, traineeship or employment is taken to continue, for the purposes of this Subdivision, during any period — \t(a)\twhen a child is subject to suspension or exclusion; or \t(b)\tafter a child has been dismissed by an employer,\t\tbut, where the child has been excluded or dismissed, this subsection only applies during the period reasonably required for the child to comply with section 9 or participate, as required by section 11C and regulations made for the purposes of that section, in another option or other options provided for by section 11B.\t(5)\tThe regulations may make provision, not inconsistent with this section, for acts, matters and circumstances — \t(a)\tthat are to be taken to constitute participation for the purposes of this Subdivision; or\t(b)\tthat are to be taken not to interrupt such participation.\t[Section 11J inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11K.\tDealings with parents\t(1)\tWhere a parent — \t(a)\tgives notice to the Minister under section 11D or 11H; or \t(b)\tmakes an application under section 11G,\t\tin respect of a child, the Minister need not inquire — \t(c)\twhether there is any other person who in relation to the child is within the definition of “parent” in section 11A(1); or\t(d)\tif there is such a person, whether he or she concurs with the giving of the notice or the making of the application or the information included in the notice or application.\t(2)\tThe Minister may give to a parent a formal acknowledgment under section 11E or a notice under section 11G in respect of a child without being concerned — \t(a)\tto inquire whether there is any other person who in relation to the child may be within the definition of “parent” in section 11A(1); or \t(b)\tto give notice to another person whom he or she knows to be within that definition.\t(3)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\trequire a person who gives a notice or makes an application referred to in subsection (1) to provide the Minister with evidence or information to satisfy the Minister that the person comes within the definition of “parent” in section 11A(1); and\t(b)\tdecline to deal with the notice or application unless the Minister is so satisfied. \t(4)\tNothing in this section affects the operation and enforcement of a Family Court order.\t[Section 11K inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11L.\tDesignation as an independent child\t(1)\tThe Minister may designate a child to be an independent child for the purposes of this Subdivision if the Minister is satisfied that the child has the capacity to make his or her own decisions in relation to the provisions referred to in subsection (3).\t(2)\tThe Minister is not to designate a child under subsection (1) — \t(a)\twithout having taken into account — \t(i)\tthe existence or absence of a relationship between the child and a parent of the child; and\t(ii)\tthe nature of the relationship, if any;\t\tand\t(b)\tunless the Minister is satisfied that no working relationship exists between the child and a parent of the child.\t(3)\tAn independent child may, in relation to the child — \t(a)\tgive or cancel a notice under section 11D(1) or (3);\t(b)\tgive notice of a variation or proposed variation under section 11D(4);\t(c)\tgive notice of cessation under section 11D(5);\t(d)\tmake an application under section 11G(2); or\t(e)\tgive notice of employment or cessation of employment under section 11H,\t\tand the notice or application has effect as if it had been given or made by a parent of the child.\t(4)\tIf an independent child has made an application under section 11G(2) references in section 11G(5) and (6) to a parent are, subject to subsection (5), to be read as references to the child.\t(5)\tA decision to designate a child as an independent child may be reviewed or revoked by the Minister at any time.\t(6)\tThis section does not apply to a child — \t(a)\twho, before the commencement day, is a ward for the purposes of the Child Welfare Act 1947, whether or not the child is under the guardianship of the Director-General as defined in that Act; or\t(b)\tfor whom, after the commencement day, the CEO as defined in section 3 of the Children and Community Services Act 2004 has parental responsibility under that Act.\t(7)\tIn subsection (6) — \t“commencement day” means the day on which section 250 of the Act mentioned in subsection (6)(b) comes into operation.\t[Section 11L inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11M.\tFunctions of Minister in relation to this Subdivision\t(1)\tThe functions of the Minister include — \t(a)\tmonitoring, and carrying out planning in relation to, the operation and effectiveness of this Subdivision; and\t(b)\tdeveloping strategies to better provide for the education and training of children in year 11 and year 12. \t(2)\tThe functions of the Minister also include — \t(a)\tidentifying those children in year 11 or year 12 who are not engaged full-time in education, training or employment as provided by this Act;\t(b)\tgiving such children information about school education and the options that are available under section 11B(1); and\t(c)\tencouraging and helping parents to assist in the carrying out of the functions mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b).\t(3)\tThe Minister is to from time to time consult with, and take into account the views of — \t(a)\tthe Director of Catholic Education in Western Australia; and\t(b)\tthe Association of Independent Schools of Western Australia (Inc.),\t\ton the carrying out of the functions mentioned in subsection (1) in relation to children who are enrolled at schools registered under section 160.\t[Section 11M inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]11N.\tRegulations\t\tThe regulations may make provision for matters that are incidental or supplementary to those provided for by, or are expedient for the operation of, this Subdivision.\t[Section 11N inserted by No. 22 of 2005 s. 20.]Subdivision 2 — Inquiries to check compliance with sections 9and11I\t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 22.]12.\tAuthorised persons \t\tThe Minister may authorise any person (“an authorised person”) who comes within a class of employees referred to in section 235(1) who has the required expertise to perform this role to exercise the powers conferred by this Subdivision.13.\tPowers of authorised person \t(1)\tAn authorised person may — \t(a)\tcall at any premises used as a dwelling; and\t(b)\thaving produced the certificate provided to the authorised person under section 14, require any person on the premises appearing to be over the age of 18 to answer any relevant question, whether orally or in writing.\t(2)\tA question is relevant only if it is reasonably connected with finding out whether there is living at the premises — \t(a)\tany child of compulsory school age who is not enrolled in an educational programme; or\t(b)\tany child in respect of whom notice has been given under section 11D or 11H and who is not complying with section 11I, as the case may be.\t(3)\tA person to whom a requirement under subsection (1)(b) is directed must not — \t(a)\tfail to comply with the requirement; or\t(b)\tin purported compliance give any information that is false or misleading.\tPenalty: $500.\t[Section 13 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 23.]14.\tCertificate of \t(1)\tThe Minister is to provide to an authorised person a certificate stating that he or she is an authorised person for the purposes of this Subdivision.\t(2)\tA certificate purporting to have been issued under this section is evidence in any proceedings that the person concerned is an authorised person.15.\tOffence of pretending to be an authorised person \t\tA person who is not authorised under section 12 must not pretend to be an authorised person. \tPenalty: $5 000.\t[Section 15 amended by No. 50 of 2003 s. 94(2).]Division 2 — Enrolment, all schools 16.\tInformation to be provided \t(1)\tA person who wishes to make an application for enrolment at a school is to provide the following information to the extent that he or she is asked to do so — \t(a)\tthe date of birth of the enrollee;\t(b)\tthe names and usual place of residence of — \t(i)\tthe enrollee;\t(ii)\twhere the enrollee is a child — \t(I)\tthe parents; and\t(II)\tany adult person, not being a parent, who is responsible for the child;\t(c)\twhere the enrollee is a child, details of any provision in force at law — \t(i)\tfor the long-term care, welfare and development of the child; or\t(ii)\tfor the day to day care, welfare and development of the child;\t(d)\twhere applicable, the name of the school at which the enrollee is enrolled or was last enrolled;\t(e)\tthe country of citizenship of the enrollee and, where applicable, whether the enrollee has the right to reside in Australia; \t(f)\tthe vaccination status of the enrollee;\t(g)\tdetails of any condition of the enrollee that may call for special steps to be taken for the benefit or protection of the enrollee or other persons in the school; and\t(h)\tany other information prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe principal may require documentary evidence to be provided in support of any information supplied by the applicant.17.\tChange of particulars \t(1)\tWhere there is a change in — \t(a)\tthe place of residence of an enrollee; or\t(b)\tthe particulars referred to in section 16(1)(b) or (c) in respect of the enrollee,\t\tnotice of the change is to be given to the principal of the school at which the enrollee is enrolled — \t(c)\tby a parent of the enrollee; \t(d)\tin the case of an enrollee who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, by the enrollee; or\t(e)\tby a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t(2)\tA notification to a principal under subsection (1) may be given in any way that is determined by the principal to be acceptable, either generally or in a particular case.18.\tPrincipal may act on application by one parent \t(1)\tWhere a parent lodges a duly completed application for enrolment with a principal, the principal need not inquire — \t(a)\twhether there is any other person who in relation to the child is within the definition of “parent” in section 4; or\t(b)\tif there is such a person, whether he or she concurs with the lodging of the application or the information included in it.\t(2)\tNothing in this section affects the operation and enforcement of a Family Court order.19.\tEnrolment register \t\tA principal of a school must ensure that — \t(a)\ta register is kept showing, in respect of all students enrolled at the school, the information prescribed by the regulations; and\t(b)\tparticulars recorded in the register are retained for the period prescribed by the regulations.20.\tCancellation of enrolment \t(1)\tThe principal of a school may cancel the enrolment of an enrollee at the school if the principal is satisfied that — \t(a)\tthe enrolment was obtained by the giving of false or misleading information; or\t(b)\tsection 17 has not been complied with.\t(2)\tA principal is not to cancel an enrolment under subsection (1) without first — \t(a)\tgiving notice of the proposed cancellation, and of the reasons for it — \t(i)\tto each parent who is shown on the register referred to in section 19 and whose whereabouts are known or can be discovered by reasonable inquiry;\t(ii)\tin the case of an enrollee who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, to the enrollee; or\t(iii)\tto a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II); \t\tand\t(b)\tgiving him or her a reasonable opportunity to show why the enrolment should not be cancelled. \t(3)\tSubject to subsection (2), the principal is to give written notice of the cancellation to the person notified under subsection (2)(a).\t(4)\tThe cancellation takes effect at such time as is specified in the notice given under subsection (3).21.\tRemoval from register \t(1)\tA principal of a school is not to remove from the register for the school the name of a child of compulsory school age unless — \t(a)\tthe principal believes on reasonable grounds that the child has enrolled in another school in this State or elsewhere;\t(b)\tthe principal believes on reasonable grounds that the child is no longer resident in this State;\t(c)\tan exemption is granted under section 11 in respect of the child;\t(d)\ta parent of the child is registered under section 48 as the child’s home educator;\t(e)\tthe enrolment is cancelled under section 20 or 83; or\t(f)\tthe Minister has authorised the removal on the ground that inquiries to establish the whereabouts of the child have not been successful.\t(2)\tIn the case of children enrolled at non-government schools, the Minister may by instrument delegate the power of authorisation conferred by subsection (1)(f) to the chief executive officer referred to in section 151.\t(3)\tA person who exercises a power of authorisation conferred by subsection (1)(f) in relation to a particular child is to take reasonably practicable steps to establish the child’s whereabouts in each year of the child’s compulsory education period.Division 3 — Attendance, all schools \t\tIn sections 25, 27 and 29 — \t“school” includes any place to which an arrangement under section 24 applies.23.\tAttendance \t(1)\tA student must on the days on which the school is open for instruction — \t(a)\teither — \t(i)\tattend the school at which he or she is enrolled; or\t(ii)\totherwise participate in an educational programme of the school whether at the school or elsewhere,\t\tas required by the principal; or\t(b)\tcomply with an arrangement under section 24.\t(1a)\tA student who is enrolled as mentioned in section 10(2) may attend or participate for the purposes of subsection (1) or section 24 on a part-time basis, and the principal is to facilitate the student doing so.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) has effect subject to — \t(a)\tsection 25 (which relates to non-attendance for reasonable cause); \t(b)\tsection 27 (which enables a principal to require non-attendance for health reasons); and \t(c)\tsection 30 (which allows non-attendance at a government school for a recognized religious or cultural observance).\t(3)\tSubsection (1) is enforceable under Division 5.\t[Section 23 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 24.]24.\tArrangements alternative to attendance \t(1)\tAn arrangement in writing may be entered into for a student — \t(a)\tto attend at some place other than the school at which he or she is enrolled; and\t(b)\tthere to participate in activities that are part of an educational programme of the school.\t(2)\tAn arrangement under subsection (1) in respect of a student is to be entered into between the principal and — \t(a)\tany parent of the student who in the opinion of the principal should be a party to the arrangement; or\t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, the student.\t(3)\tAn arrangement under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tmay provide for the student’s attendance — \t(i)\tfor a particular period of the school year; or\t(ii)\tduring a particular period in each week of the school year or part of the school year;\t(b)\tmay be varied by the principal after consultation with the person with whom the arrangement is made; and\t(c)\tmay be terminated at any time by the principal.\t(4)\tIf the principal decides to terminate an arrangement under subsection (3)(c) he or she is to notify the person with whom the arrangement is made of that decision as soon as is practicable after it is made.\t(5)\tIn this section — \t“parent” means — \t(a)\tthe parent or parents who completed the enrolment application for the student; \t(b)\tany other person who — \t(i)\taccording to that application; or\t(ii)\tto the knowledge of the principal,\t\tcomes within the definition of “parent” in section 4 in relation to the student; and\t(c)\ta person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).25.\tNon-attendance for reasonable cause \t(1)\tIn this section — \t“responsible person”, in relation to a student, means — \t(a)\ta parent of the student;\t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, the student; or\t(c)\ta person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t(2)\tA student is excused from attending at school, or from participating in an educational programme of the school, on any day — \t(a)\tif the student is prevented from attending at school, or from participating in the educational programme by — \t(i)\ttemporary physical or mental incapacity; or\t(ii)\tany other reasonable cause;\t(b)\tif a responsible person has notified the principal of the cause of the student’s non-attendance or non-participation — \t(i)\tas soon as is practicable; and\t(ii)\tin any case within 3 school days of the day on which the non-attendance started; \t\tand\t(c)\twhere under paragraph (b) the incapacity of the student is given as the cause, if the responsible person provides the principal with a certificate in support from a registered medical practitioner if requested to do so by the principal.\t(3)\tA notification to a principal under subsection (2)(b) may be given in any way that is determined by the principal to be acceptable, either generally or in a particular case.\t(4)\tA student is excused from attending at school, or from participating in an educational programme of the school, on any day if — \t(a)\ta parent of the student has applied, or intends to apply, to be registered under section 48 as the student’s home educator; and\t(b)\tthe parent has notified the principal in writing of the application or intended application — \t(i)\tas soon as is practicable; and\t(ii)\tin any case within 3 school days of the day on which the non-attendance started.26.\tReferral to an Attendance Panel where doubtful reasons given about non-attendance \t(1)\tThis section applies where a principal is of the opinion that the reasons notified under section 25(2)(b) in respect of a child of compulsory school age have persistently — \t(a)\tbeen not genuine; or \t(b)\tnot amounted to a sufficient cause for the purposes of that section.\t(2)\tWhere this section applies to a child — \t(a)\tthe principal may refer the child’s case to an Attendance Panel under section 39;\t(b)\ta Panel may — \t(i)\tinquire into the child’s attendance record including the social, cultural, lingual, economic or geographic factors, or learning difficulties, that might be affecting the child’s attendance record;\t(ii)\tgive such advice and assistance to the child and to his or her parents as it thinks fit; and\t(iii)\tdo any of the things referred to in section 40(3) and (4) for those purposes;\t\tand\t(c)\ta Panel is to prepare a written report on the child’s case setting out any advice or assistance given by the Panel and give a copy of the report to the school’s principal and — \t(i)\tto a parent of the child; \t(ii)\tif the child is a prescribed child, to the child; or\t(iii)\tto a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t[Section 26 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 39(1).]27.\tPrincipal may require non-attendance for health reasons \t(1)\tThe principal of a school may require that a student — \t(a)\tnot attend the school; or\t(b)\tnot participate in an educational programme of the school,\t\tduring any day on which the student or any other student at the school is suffering from a medical condition to which this section applies.\t(2)\tThis section applies to a medical condition that, on advice from the Executive Director of Public Health or a registered medical practitioner, the principal considers may be infectious, contagious or otherwise harmful to the health of persons who are at the school or participating in an educational programme of the school.\t(3)\tA requirement under subsection (1) is to be in writing given — \t(a)\tto a parent of the student; \t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, to the student; or\t(c)\tto a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t(4)\tAn adult who is notified of a requirement under subsection (1) is to ensure that it is complied with by the student.\tPenalty: $500.28.\tAttendance records \t(1)\tA principal of a school must ensure — \t(a)\tthat records are kept showing for each day whether a student — \t(i)\tattended, or participated in an educational programme of, the school; or\t(ii)\tfailed to so attend or participate; \t\tand\t(b)\tthat particulars so recorded are retained for the period prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe records referred to in subsection (1) — \t(a)\tmay be kept in electronic form; but\t(b)\tmust be capable of being reproduced in written form.\t(3)\tThe duty imposed by subsection (1)(b) extends to the register that was required to be kept by section 33 of the Education Act 1928.29.\tEmployment during school hours \t(1)\tA person must not employ or permit to be employed a child of compulsory school age during the hours when the child is required to — \t(a)\tattend school; or\t(b)\totherwise participate in an educational programme of a school.\tPenalty: $5 000.\t(1a)\tIn subsection (1) — \t“child of compulsory school age” includes a child to whom section 9(1) does not apply by operation of section 11F(2), 11H(5) or 11H(6).\t(2)\tA child is employed within the meaning of subsection (1) if the child is engaged in work for the purpose of gain by a person even if the child is not paid for the work done.\t(3)\tSubsection (1) does not apply if the employment of the child — \t(a)\tis authorised by an arrangement under section 24; or\t(b)\tis — \t(i)\tincluded in the educational programme applicable to the child; or\t(ii)\tapproved under section 11G,\t\tand is consistent with the terms and conditions of the programme or approval.\t[Section 29 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 25.]Division 4 — Government schools, absence for special observance30.\tNon-attendance for religious or cultural observance \t(1)\tA student is excused from — \t(a)\tattendance at a government school at which he or she is enrolled; or\t(b)\tparticipation in an educational programme of the school,\t\ton a day, or during a period, that under section 31 is recognized as having religious or cultural significance for the student or the student’s parents.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) does not apply unless before the day, or the beginning of the period, in question the principal has been notified that the student will not attend or participate on that day or during that period.\t(3)\tA notification to a principal under subsection (2) may be given in any way that is determined by the principal to be acceptable, either generally or in a particular case.\t(4)\tA notification under subsection (2) is to be given — \t(a)\tby a parent of the student; \t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, by the student; or\t(c)\tby a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t(5)\tDespite subsections (1) and (2), where it is not reasonably practicable for a notice to be given under subsection (2) a student is excused as mentioned in subsection (1) if the notice is given as soon as is reasonably practicable after the day or the period in question.\t(6)\tIn subsection (1)(a) — \t“school” includes any place to which an arrangement under section 24 relates.31.\tDays to which section 30 applies \t(1)\tThe regulations are to prescribe — \t(a)\tdays or periods; or \t(b)\tdays on which, or periods during which, specified events occur, \t\tthat are recognized for the purposes of section 30.\t(2)\tThe Minister may at the request — \t(a)\tof a parent of a student; \t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, of the student; or\t(c)\tof a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II),\t\tapprove a particular day or period that is not prescribed under subsection (1) as a recognized day or period for that student.Division 5 — Absentee students and non-participating children\t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 26.]Subdivision 1 — Preliminary32.\t\t\tIn this Division, unless a contrary intention appears — \t“absentee student” \tmeans a child of compulsory school age who is in breach of section 23;\t“attendance officer” means an officer designated as such under section 33;\t“Attendance Panel” means an Attendance Panel under section 39\t“provider” has the meaning given by section 11A(2\t[Section 32 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 27.]Subdivision 2 — Attendance officers \t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 28.]33.\tAttendance officers \t\tThe Minister may designate as an attendance officer — \t(a)\tany person who comes within a class of employees referred to in section 235(1)(a) or (c); \t(b)\tany person who is employed in the department principally assisting the Minister in the administration of Part 4; and\t(c)\ta member of the teaching staff of a government or a non-government school.\t[Section 33 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 40(1).]34.\tCertificate of \t(1)\tThe Minister is to provide to a person who has been designated as an attendance officer a certificate stating that the person has been so designated.\t(2)\tAn attendance officer must produce the certificate whenever asked to do so by a person in respect of whom he or she is exercising or about to exercise any power.\t(3)\tA certificate purporting to have been issued under this section is evidence in any proceedings that the person concerned has been designated under section 33.\t(4)\tAn attendance officer must wear an identification badge in the prescribed form when exercising any of the powers of an attendance officer.\t[Section 34 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 40.]35.\tOffence of pretending to be an attendance officer \t\tA person must not pretend to be an attendance officer if he or she has not been designated as such under section 33.\tPenalty: $5 000.\t[Section 35 amended by No. 50 of 2003 s. 94(2); No. 22 of 2005 s. 40(1).]Subdivision 3 — Powers of attendance officers \t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 29.]36.\tPowers of attendance officers to inquire \t(1)\tAn attendance officer may — \t(a)\tstop and detain a person whom he or she reasonably believes to be an absentee student or a child who is not complying with section 11I; and\t(b)\tenter any premises to which the public has access, without paying the charge, if any, for access to the premises, for the purpose of checking whether any absentee student or child who is not complying with section 11I is on the premises.\t(2)\tA person detained under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tmay be questioned by an attendance officer as to whether the person is an absentee student or a child who is not complying with section 11I; and\t(b)\tmay be required to inform an attendance officer of — \t(i)\this or her full name and address;\t(ii)\this or her age; \t(iii)\tin the case of a person who appears to the officer to be an absentee student, the name of the school at which he or she is enrolled; and\t(iv)\tin the case of a person who appears to the officer to be a child who is not complying with section 11I, the name or names of the relevant provider or providers in respect of the child.\t(3)\tA person to whom a requirement under subsection (2) is directed must not — \t(a)\tfail to comply with the requirement; or\t(b)\tin purported compliance give any information that is false or misleading.\tPenalty: $200.\t[Section 36 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 30 and 40.]37.\tOffence of obstructing etc. \t\tA person must not resist, hinder or obstruct an attendance officer who is exercising or attempting to exercise any power under this Subdivision.\tPenalty: $500.\t[Section 37 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 40(1).]Subdivision 4 — Dealing with non-attendance and non-participation and enforcing attendance and participation \t[Heading amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 31.]38.\tBreaches of section 23 \t(1)\tA parent of a child of compulsory school age who is enrolled at a school must ensure that section 23 is complied with by the child.\tPenalty: $1 000.\tNote: \tThe Sentencing Act 1995 provides for sentencing options for an adult.\t(2)\tA child of compulsory school age who is enrolled at a school must comply with section 23.\tPenalty: $10.\tNote: \tThe Young Offenders Act 1994 provides for how a court is to deal with a young person who has been found guilty of an offence.\t[Section 38 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 32.]39.\tAppointment of Attendance Panels \t(1)\tThe Minister may appoint an Attendance Panel (“a Panel”), consisting of not less than 3 persons, as he or she considers necessary for the purposes of this Act.\t(2)\tA member of a Panel for a particular case, or class of cases, is to be a person who has such experience, skills, attributes or qualifications as the Minister considers appropriate to that case or class of cases.\t(3)\tAt least one person on a Panel must be a parent or community representative.\t(4)\tThe Minister is to appoint one of the members of a Panel to be the chairperson but the appointee is not to be a person who — \t(a)\tcomes within a class of employees referred to in section 235(1)(a) or (c); or\t(b)\tis employed in the department principally assisting the Minister in the administration of Part 4.\t(5)\tA Panel cannot deal with the case of a child — \t(a)\twho is enrolled at a government school if a member of the Panel is — \t(i)\ta member of teaching staff of the school; or\t(ii)\ta parent of a child who is enrolled at the school;\t\tor\t(b)\twho is enrolled at a non-government school if a member of the Panel is — \t(i)\tthe principal of, or a teacher employed at, the school; or\t(ii)\ta parent of a child who is enrolled at the school.\t(6)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to a Panel as to its procedure and a Panel is to give the child whose case is before the Panel and the child’s parents an opportunity to be heard, but otherwise a Panel may determine its own procedure. \t(7)\tSubject to the Minister’s directions, the child and parents referred to in subsection (6) are not to be represented by another person before the Panel unless the Panel otherwise determines on the ground that the process will not work effectively without that representation but nothing in this subsection prevents the child and parents from being accompanied by another person when appearing before the Panel.\t(8)\tThe Minister is to ensure that a Panel is provided with such support services as it may reasonably require.\t(9)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tdirect that the members of a Panel are to be paid remuneration or allowances or both; and\t(b)\tdetermine the amount of any such payments on the recommendation of the Minister for Public Sector Management.\t[Section 39 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 39(1).]40.\tReferral to Attendance Panel of persistent breaches of section 23 \t(1)\tWhere a child of compulsory school age enrolled at a school has been persistently in breach of section 23, the child’s case may be referred to an Attendance Panel by — \t(a)\tthe principal of the school; \t(b)\tan attendance officer; or\t(c)\tthe chief executive officer or the chief executive officer referred to in section 151, as is relevant to the case.\t(1a)\tWhere a child in respect of whom notice has been given under section 11D or 11H is not complying with section 11I, the child’s case may be referred to an Attendance Panel by — \t(a)\ta relevant provider in respect of the child; or\t(b)\tan officer mentioned in subsection (1)(b) or (c).\t(1b)\tSubsection (1a) does not apply where the non-compliance is a failure to participate in an apprenticeship or traineeship as mentioned in section 11I(2)(a).\t(2)\tOn such a referral a Panel is to — \t(a)\tinquire into the reasons for the child’s failure to comply with section 11I or 23 including the social, cultural, lingual, economic or geographic factors, or learning difficulties, that might be affecting the child’s failure to comply; and\t(b)\tgive such advice and assistance to the child and to his or her parents as it thinks fit.\t(3)\tThe chairperson may by notice in writing — \t(a)\trequest the attendance of a child and his or her parents at a place and time specified in the notice; and\t(b)\trequest any person to produce at a place and time specified in the notice any document or record that is in the possession or under the control of that person.\t(4)\tThe Panel may — \t(a)\tinspect any document or record produced and retain it for such reasonable period as it thinks fit, and make copies of it or any of its contents; and \t(b)\trequest any person to answer any question put to him or her.\t(5)\tThe Panel is to prepare a written report on the child’s case setting out any advice or assistance given by the Panel, comments about how the matter had been dealt with and recommendations about how the matter should be dealt with and give a copy of the report — \t(a)\tto a parent of the child;\t(b)\tif the child is a prescribed child, to the child;\t(c)\tto a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II);\t(d)\tto the school’s principal;\t(e)\tif the child is enrolled at a government school, to the chief executive officer; \t(f)\tif the child is enrolled at a non-government school and on the request of the chief executive officer referred to in section 151, to that chief executive officer; \t(fa)\tif the child is a child who has not complied with section 11I, to the provider or providers in respect of the child; and\t(g)\tif the child’s case was referred to the Panel by an attendance officer, to the officer.\t[Section 40 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 33, 39(1) and 40(1).]41.\tNo prosecution unless non-compliance with advice or assistance offered by an Attendance Panel \t(1)\tWhere a child’s case has been referred to an Attendance Panel under section 26 or 40(1) and the Panel has given advice or offered assistance under section 26(2)(b) or 40(2)(b), a prosecution for an offence against section 38 is not to be commenced unless there has been failure to follow the advice or accept the assistance. \t(1a)\tWhere a child’s case has been referred to an Attendance Panel under section 40(1a) and the Panel has given advice or offered assistance under section 40(2)(b), a prosecution for an offence against section 9 is not to be commenced unless there has been failure to follow the advice or accept the assistance. \t(2)\tThe fact that a child’s case has been referred to an Attendance Panel does not affect the ability of a person who could commence a prosecution against the child for a breach of section 38(2) from referring the matter for consideration by a juvenile justice team under section 27 of the Young Offenders Act 1994, instead of commencing a prosecution.\t[Section 41 amended by No. 84 of 2004 s. 80; No. 22 of 2005 s. 34 and 39(1).] 42.\tNo prosecution without certificate of Panel or chief executive officer and report of Panel \t(1)\tA prosecution for an offence against section 38(1) or 38(2) is not to be commenced in respect of a child unless a certificate has been given that — \t(a)\tall reasonably practicable steps have been taken to secure compliance with section 23 by the child; but\t(b)\tbreaches of the section have continued.\t(1a)\tA prosecution for an offence against section 9(2) is not to be commenced in respect of a child to whom a notice under section 11D or 11H relates unless a certificate has been given that — \t(a)\tall reasonably practicable steps have been taken to secure compliance with section 11I by the child; but\t(b)\tnon-compliance with that section has continued.\t(1b)\tSubsection (1a) does not apply where the non-compliance is a failure to participate in an apprenticeship or traineeship as mentioned in section 11I(2)(a).\t(2)\tSubject to subsection (3), a certificate under subsection (1) is to be given either — \t(a)\tby the Attendance Panel to which the child’s case was referred under section 26 or 40; or\t(b)\tby — \t(i)\tthe chief executive officer referred to in section 151 in the case of a child enrolled at a non-government school; or \t(ii)\tthe chief executive officer referred to in section 229 in the case of a child enrolled at a government school or a child in respect of whom notice has been given under section 11D or 11H.\t(3)\tIf the CEO as defined in section 3 of the Children and Community Services Act 2004 has parental responsibility for a child under that Act, a certificate under subsection (1) is to be given by the chief executive officer referred to in section 229 or if the child’s case has been referred to an Attendance Panel, by both of the chief executive officer and the Panel.\t(4)\tIf an Attendance Panel gives a certificate under subsection (1) or (1a), the Panel is to also prepare a report on — \t(a)\tthe child’s educational background; and\t(b)\tthe steps that have been taken to secure compliance with section 11I or 23 by the child.\t(5)\tIn any proceedings under section 9 or 38 the certificate given under subsection (1) or (1a) and, if a report is required under subsection (4), a copy of the report are to be given to the court.\t(6)\tWhere in any proceedings a document is produced purporting to be — \t(a)\ta certificate given under subsection (1) or (1a); or\t(b)\ta report prepared by a Panel under subsection (4),\t\tthe court is to presume, unless the contrary is shown, that the document is such a certificate or report.\t[Section 42 amended by No. 34 of 2004 s. 251; No. 84 of 2004 s. 80; No. 22 of 2005 s. 35 and 39.] 43.\tParent to bring child before court \t(1)\tWhere this section applies an authorised person may give a notice to a parent of the child requiring the parent — \t(a)\tto bring the child to the court at a time and place specified in the notice; and\t(b)\tto keep the child in attendance at the court until he or she is permitted to leave by the court or an authorised person.\t(1a)\tThis section applies in any proceedings — \t(a)\tfor an offence against section 9(2) in respect of a child who has not complied with section 11I; and \t(b)\tfor an offence against section 38.\t(2)\tA person to whom a notice is given under subsection (1) must comply with the notice.\tPenalty: $500.\t(3)\tIn subsection (1) — \t“authorised person” means — \t(a)\tan attendance officer; or \t(b)\ta person who — \t(i)\tcomes within a class of employees referred to in section 235(1)(a) or (c); or\t(ii)\tis employed in the department principally assisting the Minister in the administration of Part 4,\t\tand who is authorised by the Minister for the purposes of this section.\t(4)\tA certificate that a person has been authorised for the purposes of this section purporting to have been issued by the Minister is evidence in any proceedings that the person concerned has been so authorised.\t[Section 43 amended by No. 22 of 2005 s. 36 and 40(1).]44.\tProof of certain matters \t\tIn a charge of an offence against section 9(2) in respect of a child who has not complied with section 11I or against section 38 any of the following statements in relation to a particular case are to be taken to be proved unless the contrary is shown — \t(a)\tthat a child was enrolled at a school on any day or days;\t(b)\tthat on any day or days a school was open for instruction;\t(c)\tthat a child enrolled at a school — \t(i)\tdid not — \t(I)\tattend the school; or \t(II)\totherwise participate in an educational programme of the school,\t\tas required by the principal; or\t(ii)\tdid not comply with an arrangement under section 24;\t(ca)\tthat a notice was given under section 11D or 11H in respect of a child;\t(cb)\ta statement as to the contents at a particular time of a notice given under section 11D or 11H;\t(cc)\tthat a child in respect of whom a notice was given under section 11D or 11H has not complied with section 11I;\t(cd)\ta statement as to acts, omissions or conduct that constitute such non-compliance;\t(d)\tthat a person is a parent of a child.\t[Section 44 amended by No. 84 of 2004 s. 80; No. 22 of 2005 s. 37.] 45.\tConduct of prosecutions \t(1)\tProsecutions for offences against section 9(2) in respect of a child who has not complied with section 11I or against section 38 may be conducted by any person who — \t(a)\tcomes within a class of employees referred to in section 235(1)(a) or (c); or\t(b)\tis employed in the department principally assisting the Minister in the administration of Part 4,\t\tand who is authorised by the Minister to do so.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) does not limit the ability of a person to commence or conduct the prosecution of an offence if the person has authority at law to do so.\t(3)\tA certificate purporting to have been issued by the Minister stating that a person has power under subsection (1) to conduct prosecutions is evidence in any proceedings that the person has that power. \t[Section 45 amended by No. 84 of 2004 s. 80; No. 22 of 2005 s. 38.] Division 6 — Home education 46.\t\t\tIn this Division — \t“home educator” means a parent who is registered under section 48.47.\tApplication for registration \t(1)\tA parent of a child of compulsory school age who wishes to be registered as the child’s home educator is to apply to the chief executive officer and provide the following information to the extent that he or she is asked to do so — \t(a)\tthe child’s date of birth;\t(b)\tthe names and usual place of residence of — \t(i)\tthe child; and\t(ii)\tthe child’s parents;\t(c)\tthe place at which the educational programme will primarily be delivered if different from the child’s usual place of residence;\t(d)\twhere applicable, the name of the school at which the child is enrolled or was last enrolled; and\t(e)\tany other information prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe chief executive officer may require documentary evidence to be provided in support of any information supplied by the applicant.\t(3)\tAn application may relate to more than one child.\t(4)\tSubject to subsection (5), an application is to be made by the last Friday in February in the first year for which the parent wishes to be registered as the child’s home educator.\t(5)\tIf a child is enrolled in a school for a particular year and a parent of the child wishes to be registered as the child’s home educator in that year, the application is to be made within 14 days after the last day on which the child was recorded as — \t(a)\tattending, or participating in an educational programme of, the school at which the child was enrolled; or\t(b)\totherwise complying with section 23.48.\tRegistration \t(1)\tOn receipt of a completed application under section 47(1) and the documentary evidence required under section 47(2) the chief executive officer is to — \t(a)\tregister the parent as the child’s home educator; and\t(b)\tissue the parent with a certificate of registration.\t(2)\tA child’s home educator is responsible for the child’s educational programme from the day set out in the certificate as the day of registration in respect of the child.\t(3)\tThe registration of a home educator in respect of a child has effect indefinitely unless the registration is cancelled under section 53.49.\tHome educator to inform chief executive officer of certain matters \t\tA child’s home educator is to inform the chief executive officer — \t(a)\tof any change to the details provided in the application under section 47(1); or\t(b)\tif the child is enrolled at a school,\t\tas soon as is practicable after the change or the enrolment.50.\tHome education moderators \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer — \t(a)\tmay appoint persons who have such experience, skills or qualifications as the chief executive officer considers appropriate to enable them to effectively evaluate the educational programmes of children whose education is being provided under this Division and to evaluate the educational progress of those children; and\t(b)\tis to provide to a person so appointed (a “home education moderator”) a certificate stating that the person is appointed for the purposes of this section.\t(2)\tA home education moderator must produce the certificate referred to in subsection (1)(b) whenever asked to do so by a person in charge of any premises being visited by the moderator under an arrangement referred to in section 51.51.\tEvaluation of child’s educational programme and progress \t(1)\tA child’s home educator is to arrange with the chief executive officer for an evaluation to be made of the child’s educational programme and educational progress — \t(a)\twithin 3 months of the day of the home educator’s registration in respect of the child; and\t(b)\tat least once in each 12 month period following that registration.\t(2)\tA home educator is to give the chief executive officer at least 21 days’ notice of an evaluation that is required to be made under subsection (1)(a) or (b).\t(3)\tAn evaluation is to be made — \t(a)\tat the time that is agreed between the home educator and the home education moderator; and\t(b)\tat the place that is the usual place for the child’s educational programme to be undertaken unless the home educator objects, in which case the evaluation is to be made at the place that is agreed between the home educator and the home education moderator.\t(4)\tFollowing an evaluation, the home education moderator is to prepare a report about the child’s educational programme and educational progress and provide a copy of the report to the home educator and to the chief executive officer.52.\tChief executive officer may give notice of concern and require evaluation \t(1)\tIf the chief executive officer has a concern about a child’s educational progress, the chief executive officer may — \t(a)\tgive the child’s home educator written notice of the concern and the reasons for the concern; and\t(b)\tarrange for an evaluation to be made on 7 days’ notice to the home educator for the purpose of ascertaining whether the concern has been adequately addressed.\t(2)\tAn evaluation under subsection (1) is to be made — \t(a)\twithin the notice period or as soon as possible after the expiry of the notice period, but otherwise at the time that is agreed between the home educator and the home education moderator; and\t(b)\tat the place that is the usual place for the child’s educational programme to be undertaken unless the home educator objects, in which case the evaluation is to be made at the place that is agreed between the home educator and the home education moderator.\t(3)\tFollowing an evaluation under subsection (1), the home education moderator is to prepare a report about whether the concern has been adequately addressed and provide a copy of the report to the home educator and to the chief executive officer.53.\tCancellation of registration \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may cancel a home educator’s registration under section 48 in respect of a child if — \t(a)\tin the opinion of the chief executive officer, the child’s educational progress is not satisfactory;\t(b)\tthe home educator has not arranged an evaluation required under section 51(1)(a) or (b) in respect of the child;\t(c)\tthe home educator does not agree to an evaluation required under section 52(1)(b) in respect of the child from occurring in accordance with section 52(2);\t(d)\ta home education moderator has been hindered or obstructed in an evaluation required under section 51(1)(a) or (b) or section 52(1)(b); or\t(e)\tthe home educator has not complied with section 49 in respect of the child.\t(2)\tBefore deciding under subsection (1)(a) that a child’s educational progress is not satisfactory the chief executive officer may take into account — \t(a)\twhether the child’s educational progress is in accordance with — \t(i)\tthe curriculum framework under the Curriculum Council Act 1997; or\t(ii)\tany condition to which an exemption under section 11 of that Act is subject;\t(b)\tthe effect of the physical learning environment on the child’s educational progress;\t(c)\tany other matter which, in the opinion of the chief executive officer, is relevant to the child’s education.\t(3)\tIf the chief executive officer decides to cancel a home educator’s registration the chief executive officer is to give written notice to the home educator of the decision and written reasons for the decision.\t(4)\tThe notice must set out a cancellation period that is — \t(a)\tat least until 1 January in the year following the year in which the cancellation takes effect; and \t(b)\tnot longer than 12 months from the day on which the cancellation takes effect.\t(5)\tA decision that a home educator’s registration be cancelled is not to be given effect to — \t(a)\tuntil the time for applying under section 54(1) has passed; and \t(b)\tif an application is made under section 54(1), until it has been determined.54.\tReview of decision to cancel registration \t(1)\tA child’s home educator may apply in writing to the Minister for a review of the chief executive officer’s decision to cancel the home educator’s registration in respect of the child.\t(2)\tThe application is to be made within 14 days after the applicant received written notice of the decision.\t(3)\tWhere an application is made under subsection (1), the Minister is to refer the matter to a Home Education Advisory Panel which is to examine the matter and report to the Minister with its recommendation.\t(4)\tA Home Education Advisory Panel is to give the applicant the opportunity to be heard.\t(5)\tThe Minister is to give a copy of the report of the Home Education Advisory Panel to the applicant.\t(6)\tThe Minister after considering the report may confirm, vary or reverse the chief executive officer’s decision and is to give written notice to the applicant of the Minister’s decision and written reasons for that decision.\t(7)\tIn this section — \t“Home Education Advisory Panel” means an advisory panel under section 241 established for the purposes of subsection (3) of this section.Part 3 — Government schoolsWhat this Part is about This Part enacts provisions that apply only to government schools.In particular it deals with — the establishment, closure and amalgamation of government schools, and the designation of schools in some areas as being primarily for the enrolment of students in that area (Division 1);the functions of the chief executive officer of the department responsible for government schools and of principals and teachers in those schools (Division 2);the curriculum in government schools, the provision of special religious education, and conscientious objection to instruction in particular subjects (Division 3);entitlement to enrol at government schools, changing inappropriate enrolments, and the resolution of disputed issues about enrolment (Division 4);the suspension and exclusion of students from government schools for breaches of school discipline (Division 5);restrictions on the imposition of fees and charges in government schools, and provisions for the management of school funds (Division 6);miscellaneous management provisions relating to the operation of government schools and the control of school premises (Division 7);provisions as to the establishment and operation of School Councils and relating to Parents and Citizens’ Associations for government schools (Division 8).Division 1 — Establishment, closure etc. 55.\tEstablishment \t(1)\tThe Minister may establish such government schools as the Minister considers necessary for the provision of public education.\t(2)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tassign a name and classification to; and\t(b)\tchange the name or classification of,\t\ta government school.56.\tClosure and amalgamation \t(1)\tThe Minister may on such terms and conditions as he or she thinks fit — \t(a)\tamalgamate 2 or more government schools; and\t(b)\tclose any government school either temporarily or permanently.\t(2)\tThe powers conferred by subsection (1) may be exercised in respect of part of a government school.\t(3)\tIf the Minister is satisfied that a government school is regularly attended by less than the prescribed number of students the Minister is to either — \t(a)\tchange the classification of the school under section 55(2); or\t(b)\ttake action under subsection (1) in relation to the school.\t(4)\tSubsection (3) does not apply where the Minister determines that there are significant educational, economic or social reasons for not complying with that subsection.57.\tConsultation \t(1)\tIf the Minister proposes to amalgamate 2 or more government schools or to close any government school permanently, the Minister is to consult with — \t(a)\tthe parents of the students who are enrolled at the school or schools affected by the proposal, in relation to the matters referred to in subsection (2);\t(b)\tthe Council of each school affected by the proposal, in relation to the matters referred to in subsection (2); and\t(c)\teach Parents and Citizens’ Association formed under section 142 which would be wound up as an effect of the proposal, in relation to the disposal of property acquired by the association.\t(2)\tThe matters for consultation under subsections (1)(a) and (b) are — \t(a)\talternative arrangements for the enrolment of students who are affected by the proposal and the appropriateness of the arrangements;\t(b)\tthe provision of educational programmes for the students who are affected by the proposal;\t(c)\tthe disbursement of any assets realized as a result of the proposal; and\t(d)\tany other relevant matter.\t(3)\tThe Minister may consult for the purposes of this section in any way that he or she thinks appropriate, and the Minister’s decision on the manner of consultation is not liable to be challenged, reviewed or called in question by a court.58.\tPermanent closure, notice of proposal to be given \t(1)\tIf the Minister proposes to permanently close a government school under section 56 the Minister is to publish notice of the proposal in the Government Gazette.\t(2)\tIf a notice is published under subsection (1) in respect of a school, the school cannot be closed unless the consultation required by section 57 occurs after the notice was published and — \t(a)\ta period of 12 months has expired since the notice was published; or\t(b)\tthe Minister is sooner satisfied that — \t(i)\ta majority of the parents of students enrolled at the school wish the school to be closed; or\t(ii)\tthere are exceptional circumstances which justify closure,\t\tbefore the period of 12 months expires.59.\tPermanent closure, when notice of proposal not required \t\tThe Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette permanently close a government school under section 56, without complying with section 57 or 58, if he or she is of the opinion that the safety or welfare of teachers or students at the school may be at risk if the school is not closed as soon as possible.60.\tLocal-intake schools \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may by order published in the Government Gazette — \t(a)\tdeclare any government school to be a local-intake school; and\t(b)\tdefine the area from which the school is to have its intake of students.\t(2)\tAn order under subsection (1) may be revoked or amended by the chief executive officer by further order published in the Government Gazette.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer is to publish in the Government Gazette for information during the last quarter of each year — \t(a)\ta list of local-intake schools; and\t(b)\ta list of schools that have not been declared to be local-intake schools,\t\tas at a specified day.Division 2 — Functions of chief executive officer, principals and teachers 61.\tFunctions of chief executive officer \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer is responsible for determining, implementing and monitoring — \t(a)\tthe standard of educational instruction in government schools; and \t(b)\tthe standard of care provided to students in those schools.\t(2)\tThe functions described in subsection (1) — \t(a)\tdo not affect any other function — \t(i)\tgiven to the chief executive officer by this Act; or\t(ii)\tdelegated to the chief executive officer by the Minister under section 224;\t(b)\thave effect subject to this Act; and\t(c)\tare in addition to the functions given by section 29(1) of the Public Sector Management Act 1994.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer has powers necessary or convenient for the performance of the functions described in subsection (1).62.\tPrincipal \t(1)\tEvery government school is to have a principal, that is a person appointed under section 236(2) to be in charge of the school.\t(2)\tExcept with the approval of the Minister, a person is not to be so appointed unless he or she is classified as a school administrator under section 237.\t(3)\tSubsection (2) does not apply to a temporary or acting appointment.\t(4)\tNothing in subsection (2) prevents a person from being appointed as a principal and being classified as a school administrator at the same time.63.\tFunctions of principal \t(1)\tThe functions of the principal of a government school are — \t(a)\tto provide educational leadership in the school;\t(b)\tto have responsibility for the day to day management and control of the school, including all persons on the school premises;\t(c)\tto ensure the safety and welfare of students — \t(i)\ton the school premises; and\t(ii)\taway from the school premises but on school activities,\t\tso far as that can reasonably be done;\t(d)\tto see that instruction provided in the school is in accordance with the requirements of — \t(i)\tthe Curriculum Council Act 1997; and\t(ii)\tany determination under section 67;\t(e)\tto establish a plan for the school in consultation with the Council and the school’s teaching staff setting out its objectives and how the objectives and priorities will be achieved;\t(f)\tin consultation with the Council and the school’s teaching staff to monitor and report on the school’s performance in relation to the plan referred to in paragraph (e);\t(g)\tto promote cooperation with the local community;\t(h)\tto encourage innovation in educational practice; and\t(i)\tto perform any other prescribed function assigned to the principal by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tThe principal of a government school has the powers necessary for the performance of his or her functions.\t(3)\tThe functions set out in subsection (1) — \t(a)\tdo not affect any other function given or delegated to a principal by or under this Act; and\t(b)\thave effect — \t(i)\twithin the limits of the powers vested in the principal; and\t(ii)\tsubject to this Act and the direction and control of the chief executive officer.64.\tFunctions of teachers \t(1)\tThe functions of a teacher in a government school are — \t(a)\tto foster and facilitate learning in students; \t(b)\tto give competent instruction to students in accordance with — \t(i)\tthe curriculum; \t(ii)\tstandards determined by the chief executive officer; and\t(iii)\tthe school’s plan referred to in section 63(1)(e),\t\tand to undertake the preparation necessary to do so;\t(c)\tto undertake regular evaluation and reporting of the progress of students within the terms of the school plan referred to in section 63(1)(e); \t(d)\tto be answerable to the principal for the educational achievement of students under his or her instruction;\t(e)\tto supervise students and to maintain proper order and discipline on their part;\t(f)\tto carry out administrative duties to meet organizational requirements relevant to the teacher’s functions; and\t(g)\tperform any other prescribed function assigned by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tThe functions set out in subsection (1) have effect subject to — \t(a)\tthis Act; \t(b)\tthe instructions of the chief executive officer; and\t(c)\tthe direction and control of the principal.65.\tFunctions not to be inconsistent with certain industrial arrangements \t\tNothing in section 63(1)(i) or 64(1)(g) or section 64(2)(b) or (c) enables the chief executive officer or a principal to assign a function or give an instruction or direction that is inconsistent with a term or condition of service referred to in section 236(3).Division 3 — Educational instruction 66.\t\t\tIn this Division — \t“general religious education” means education about the major forms of religious thought and expression characteristic of Australian society and other societies in the world;\t“special religious education” means education provided by churches and other religious groups and based on distinctive religious tenets and beliefs.67.\tCurriculum \t\tThe curriculum in a government school is to be determined by the chief executive officer, but any determination is to be made in accordance with the requirements of the Curriculum Council Act 1997.68.\tCurriculum not to promote certain subject-matter \t(1)\tThe curriculum and teaching in government schools is not to promote — \t(a)\tany particular religious practice, denomination or sect;\t(b)\tany particular political party;\t(c)\tany commercial goods, product or service; or \t(d)\tthe case of a party to an industrial dispute.\t(2)\tSubsection (1)(a) is not to be read as preventing — \t(a)\tthe inclusion of general religious education in the curriculum of a school; or\t(b)\tprayers, songs and other material based on religious, spiritual or moral values being used in a school activity as part of general religious education.69.\tSpecial religious education \t(1)\tSpecial religious education may be provided to students in government schools in accordance with provisions made by the regulations.\t(2)\tSubject to the regulations, the principal of a government school may allow time for the special religious education of students in the school, but the total number of hours so allowed in a school year is not to exceed 40.\t(3)\tProvision made by the regulations for the purposes of this section may authorise the chief executive officer to approve persons as being authorised to give special religious education in government schools.70.\tConsultation with Council \t\tIf a school has a Council the principal is to consult the Council on — \t(a)\ta general policy concerning the use in school activities of prayers, songs and material referred to in section 68(2)(b); and\t(b)\tthe implementation of section 69(2).71.\tParent may withdraw child from special religious instruction etc. \t(1)\tA parent of a child at a government school may notify the principal in writing that the child is not to — \t(a)\treceive any special religious education; or\t(b)\tattend that part of a school activity at which material referred to in section 68(2)(b) is used.\t(2)\tA principal to whom such a notice is given must take all reasonable steps to see that the parent’s wishes are complied with.72.\tPrincipal may exempt child from particular classes \t(1)\tA parent of a child at a government school may in writing request the principal to grant an exemption for the child from attendance at classes at which a particular part of a course of study is taught.\t(2)\tWhere such a request is made the principal may grant an exemption in terms of subsection (1) if the principal is satisfied that the request — \t(a)\tis made on the grounds of conscientious objection; and\t(b)\tsatisfies any requirements contained in the CEO’s Instructions under section 233 in respect of the granting of exemptions under this section.\t(3)\tAn exemption under this section — \t(a)\tmay be granted subject to conditions; and \t(b)\tmay be revoked if any condition is not observed.73.\tEducational programme for children with a disability \t(1)\tWhere a child with a disability is enrolled at a government school, the principal is to — \t(a)\tconsult with the child’s parents, any of the child’s teachers or prospective teachers and, if appropriate, the child; and \t(b)\ttake into account the wishes of the child’s parents and, if appropriate, the child,\t\tfor the purpose of addressing or reviewing the particular child’s requirements in relation to the content and implementation of the educational programme for the child.\t(2)\tThe content and implementation of the educational programme for a child with a disability is to be decided by the principal subject to the direction and control of the chief executive officer.Division 4 — Enrolment 74.\tApplication for enrolment \t(1)\tA person who wishes to enrol a child at a government school is to lodge a completed application for enrolment with the principal of a government school at which the child is eligible to be enrolled under this Division.\t(2)\tIn subsection (1) — \t“person”, in relation to a child, means — \t(a)\ta parent of the child;\t(b)\tif the child is a prescribed child, the child; or\t(c)\ta person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II).\t(3)\tA person who has turned 18 who wishes to enrol at a government school is to lodge a completed application for enrolment with the principal of a government school for which an approval has been given to the person under section 81.\t(4)\tThe application is to be made in a form approved by the chief executive officer.\t(5)\tA person cannot be required to provide information under this section unless the information is prescribed under section 16.75.\tEnrolment \t(1)\tThe principal of a government school is to enrol a child at the school if — \t(a)\tan application is duly made under section 74; and\t(b)\tthe child is entitled under this Division to be enrolled at the school.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) does not apply if the principal is satisfied that — \t(a)\tthe child is already enrolled at a school; and\t(b)\tthe period of attendance at the school to which the application relates is likely to be less than 4 weeks.\t(3)\tIn this section and in section 76 — \t“child” includes a person referred to in section 74(3).76.\tGeneral residential qualification \t(1)\tA child is not entitled to be enrolled at a government school unless — \t(a)\tthe usual place of residence of the child is in the State; and\t(b)\tthe child is entitled to reside permanently in Australia.\t(2)\tA child who does not come within subsection (1) is entitled to be enrolled at a government school if he or she satisfies the criteria (if any) prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection.77.\tEnrolment of children below compulsory school age \t\tA child is entitled to be enrolled at a particular government school for each year in which the child’s pre-compulsory education period falls if — \t(a)\tthere is available for the child at that school — \t(i)\tan appropriate educational programme; and\t(ii)\tclassroom accommodation; \t\tand\t(b)\tthe enrolment would conform with other criteria prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.78.\tEnrolment of children of compulsory school age at local-intake school \t(1)\tA child of compulsory school age is entitled to be enrolled at a local-intake school if — \t(a)\this or her usual place of residence is in the intake area for that school; and\t(b)\tan appropriate educational programme is available for the child at that school.\t(2)\tA child of compulsory school age whose usual place of residence is not in the intake area for a local-intake school is entitled to be enrolled at that school if — \t(a)\tthere is available for the child at that school — \t(i)\tan appropriate educational programme; and\t(ii)\tclassroom accommodation; \t\tand\t(b)\tthe enrolment would conform with any other criteria prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection.79.\tEnrolment of children of compulsory school age at other schools \t(1)\tSubject to subsection (2), a child of compulsory school age is entitled to be enrolled at a particular government school that is not a local-intake school if — \t(a)\tthere is available for the child at the school — \t(i)\tan appropriate educational programme; and\t(ii)\tclassroom accommodation;\t\tand\t(b)\tthe enrolment would conform with any other criteria prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.\t(2)\tIf the number of children referred to in subsection (1) applying for enrolment at a particular government school that is not a local-intake school exceeds the number of available places at the school, priority for enrolment is to be given to the child who lives nearest the school.80.\tEnrolment of children in post-compulsory education period \t(1)\tSubject to subsection (2), a child whose post-compulsory education period falls in a year is entitled to be enrolled at a particular government school for that year if — \t(a)\tthere is available for the child at that school — \t(i)\tan appropriate educational programme; and\t(ii)\tclassroom accommodation;\t\tand\t(b)\tthe enrolment would conform with other criteria prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.\t(2)\tIf the number of children referred to in subsection (1) applying for enrolment at a particular government school that is not a local-intake school exceeds the number of available places at the school, priority for enrolment is to be given to the child who lives nearest the school.81.\tEnrolment of persons beyond their post-compulsory education period \t(1)\tA person whose post-compulsory education period has ended before the beginning of a year may only be enrolled at a government school for that year with the approval of the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tAn approval under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tmust be granted in accordance with any matter that is prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection; and \t(b)\tmay be granted subject to compliance with any condition that is prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection.82.\tIssues arising on certain applications under this Division for enrolment \t(1)\tThis section applies to a child in respect of whom an application for enrolment has been made under section 74 but who has not been enrolled in accordance with the application.\t(2)\tIf in relation to a child any question arises under section 76, 77, 78, 79 or 80 as to whether — \t(a)\tthe usual place of residence of the child is or is not — \t(i)\tin the State; or \t(ii)\tin a particular intake area;\t(b)\tan educational programme is available or is appropriate for the child;\t(c)\tclassroom accommodation is available; or\t(d)\tany other prescribed criterion is satisfied,\t\tthe issue in dispute is to be decided by the chief executive officer.\t(3)\tWhere the chief executive officer decides that — \t(a)\tthe usual place of residence of the child is not in an intake area for a school;\t(b)\tan educational programme at a school is not available or is not appropriate for the child; \t(c)\tclassroom accommodation is not available at the school for the child; or\t(d)\tany other prescribed criterion is not satisfied in relation to the child,\t\tthe chief executive officer is to determine at which other government school (or schools if a choice is given) the child may be enrolled.\t(4)\tThe chief executive officer may make an interim decision on an issue in dispute pending the making of a final decision, and effect is to be given to the interim decision.83.\tCancellation where enrolment found to be inappropriate \t(1)\tThis section applies to a child who is enrolled at a government school.\t(2)\tIf in the opinion of the chief executive officer a child’s enrolment should not continue because — \t(a)\tthe child’s usual place of residence has changed to a place that was not in the intake area for the school at the time of the child’s enrolment at the school; or\t(b)\tan appropriate educational programme can no longer be provided at the school for the child,\t\tthe chief executive officer may — \t(c)\tcancel the enrolment; and\t(d)\tdetermine at which other government school (or schools if a choice is given) the child may be enrolled.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer is not to cancel an enrolment under subsection (2) without first — \t(a)\tgiving notice of the proposed cancellation, and of the reasons for it — \t(i)\tto a parent of the child;\t(ii)\tif the child is a prescribed child, to the child; or\t(iii)\tto a person whose details have been provided under section 16(1)(b)(ii)(II);\t\tand\t(b)\tgiving him or her a reasonable opportunity to show why the enrolment should not be cancelled.\t(4)\tSubject to subsection (3), the chief executive officer is to give written notice of the cancellation to the person notified under subsection (3)(a).\t(5)\tThe cancellation takes effect at such time as is specified in the notice given under subsection (3) unless section 86(3) applies.84.\tMatters to be considered under sections 82 and 83 about educational programme \t\tIn determining under section 82 whether an educational programme at a school is available or is appropriate for a child or under section 83 whether an appropriate educational programme can no longer be provided at a school for a child, the chief executive officer is to take into account — \t(a)\tthe nature of the benefit or detriment likely to accrue to, or be suffered by, the child and all other persons concerned;\t(b)\tany additional cost involved in providing the programme for the child; and\t(c)\tthe effect of the child’s — \t(i)\tbehaviour; or \t(ii)\tdisability or other condition, if any, \t\ton the child’s participation in the programme.85.\tChief executive officer may refer to advisory panel \t\tWithout limiting the chief executive officer’s ability to obtain advice or information, he or she may obtain advice from an advisory panel under section 241 for the purposes of any decision required to be made under section 82 or 83.86.\tDecisions under sections 82 and 83 relating to children with a disability \t(1)\tBefore deciding under section 82 whether an educational programme at a school is available or is appropriate for a child with a disability, or under section 83 whether an appropriate educational programme can no longer be provided at a school for a child with a disability, the chief executive officer is to — \t(a)\tconsult with the child’s parents; and \t(b)\ttake into account the wishes of the child’s parents, in addition to the matters specified in section 84.\t(2)\tIf the chief executive officer decides — \t(a)\tunder section 82 that an educational programme at a school is not available or is not appropriate for a child with a disability; or \t(b)\tunder section 83 that an appropriate educational programme can no longer be provided at a school for a child with a disability,\t\tthe chief executive officer is to give written notice to a parent of the child of the decision and written reasons for the decision.\t(3)\tA decision referred to in subsection (2) is not to be given effect to — \t(a)\tuntil the time for applying under subsection (4) has passed; and \t(b)\tif an application is made, until it has been determined,\t\tand a child’s enrolment at a school is to continue until a decision referred to in subsection (2)(b) takes effect.\t(4)\tA parent of the child may apply in writing to the chief executive officer for a review of a decision referred to in subsection (2).\t(5)\tThe application is to be made within 28 days after the applicant received written notice of the decision.\t(6)\tWithin 90 days of the chief executive officer receiving an application made under subsection (4) — \t(a)\tthe chief executive officer is to refer the matter to a Disabilities Advisory Panel under section 87; and\t(b)\tthe Panel is to examine the matter and report to the chief executive officer with its recommendation.\t(7)\tThe chief executive officer is to provide the Disabilities Advisory Panel with any information or material relating to the child’s enrolment that is requested by the Panel and that is in the possession or control of the chief executive officer.\t(8)\tThe chief executive officer is, within 21 days after receiving the report, to give the applicant a copy of the report of the Disabilities Advisory Panel.\t(9)\tThe chief executive officer after considering the report may confirm, vary or reverse the decision and, within 21 days after receiving the report, is to give written notice to the applicant of the subsequent decision and written reasons for that decision.87.\tDisabilities Advisory Panels \t(1)\tThe Minister is to appoint a Disabilities Advisory Panel (“a Panel”), consisting of not less than 3 persons, whenever it is necessary for the purposes of section 86(6) or 92(3)(b).\t(2)\tA member of a Panel for a particular matter is to be a person — \t(a)\twho has such experience, skills, attributes or qualifications as the Minister considers appropriate to the case of the child to whom the matter relates;\t(b)\twho is not an employee within a class referred to in section 235(1); and\t(c)\twho is not a parent of a child at a school to which the matter relates.\t(3)\tThe Minister is to appoint one of the members of a Panel to be the chairperson.\t(4)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to a Panel as to its procedure and a Panel is to give the applicant an opportunity to be heard, but otherwise a Panel may determine its own procedure.\t(5)\tSubject to the Minister’s directions, the applicant is not to be represented by another person before the Panel unless the Panel otherwise determines on the ground that the process will not work effectively without that representation but nothing in this subsection prevents the applicant from being accompanied by another person when appearing before the Panel.\t(6)\tThe chief executive officer is to provide a Panel with such support services as it may reasonably require.\t(7)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tdirect that the members of a Panel are to be paid remuneration or allowances or both; and\t(b)\tdetermine the amount of any such payments on the recommendation of the Minister for Public Sector Management.Division 5 — Suspension and exclusion 88.\t\t\tIn this Division — \t(a)\treferences to attendance in relation to a school include participation in an educational programme of the school; and\t(b)\treferences to an educational programme include an arrangement to which section 24 applies.89.\tBreach of school discipline \t\tFor the purposes of this Division a breach of school discipline is any act or omission that impairs the good order and proper management of the school.90.\tSuspension for breach of school discipline \t(1)\tThe principal of a government school may wholly or partially suspend from attendance at the school a student who, in the principal’s opinion, has committed a breach of school discipline but the principal cannot suspend a student for longer than the period prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe power conferred by subsection (1) is to be exercised in accordance with the regulations.\t(3)\tRegulations under subsection (2) are to provide for the educational instruction to be given to a suspended student.\t(4)\tThe power conferred by subsection (1) may be exercised by a person who, or a person in a class of persons which, is authorised by the principal of the school to exercise the power if the principal is absent from duty or is otherwise unable to exercise the power.91.\tGrounds for exclusion from the school \t\tFor the purposes of this Division a student may be excluded from attendance at a government school if — \t(a)\the or she has committed a breach of school discipline in circumstances that — \t(i)\thave adversely affected or threaten the safety of any person who is on the school premises or participating in an educational programme of the school; or\t(ii)\thave caused or are likely to result in damage to property;\t\tor\t(b)\this or her behaviour has disrupted the educational instruction of other students.92.\tChief executive officer may exclude from attendance at school \t(1)\tIf the principal of a government school is of the opinion that there are grounds under section 91 for the exclusion of a student from attendance at the school, the principal may — \t(a)\trecommend to the chief executive officer that the chief executive officer exercise his or her powers under section 94; and\t(b)\tput before the chief executive officer such information as the principal thinks appropriate.\t(2)\tUpon making a recommendation to the chief executive officer, the principal is to notify the student and a parent of the student that the recommendation has been made and provide the parent with the reasons why the recommendation has been made.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer is to refer the recommendation and other information — \t(a)\tto a School Discipline Advisory Panel under section 93; or\t(b)\tin the case of a child with a disability who is the subject of a recommendation for exclusion on grounds under section 91(b), to a Disability Advisory Panel under section 87,\t\twhich is to examine the matter and report to the chief executive officer, setting out comments about how the matter had been dealt with and recommendations about how the matter should be dealt with.\t(4)\tA reference in section 87 to the applicant is to be treated, for the purposes of subsection (3)(b), as a reference to a parent of the child with a disability.\t(5)\tIn its examination under subsection (3) in relation to a student other than a child to whom subsection (3)(b) applies, a Panel is to have regard to the social, cultural, lingual, economic or geographic factors, or learning difficulties, that might be relevant to the breach of school discipline or behaviour that is the subject of the recommendation.\t(6)\tOn receipt of the report the chief executive officer may, having regard to — \t(a)\tthe material referred to in subsections (1) and (3); and\t(b)\tany other information before the chief executive officer, \t\tmake an order under section 94 if he or she is satisfied that the student may be excluded in terms of section 91.93.\tSchool Discipline Advisory Panels \t(1)\tThe Minister is to appoint a School Discipline Advisory Panel (“aPanel”), consisting of not less than 3 persons, whenever it is necessary for the purposes of section 92(3)(a) or 96(4)(a).\t(2)\tThe members of a Panel for a particular case — \t(a)\tare to be persons who have such experience, skills, attributes or qualifications as the Minister considers appropriate to that case; and \t(b)\tare to include at least one person who is not an employee within a class referred to in section 235(1). \t(3)\tAt least one person on a Panel must be a parent or community representative.\t(4)\tThe Minister is to appoint one of the members of a Panel to be the chairperson but the appointee is not to be an employee within a class referred to in section 235(1).\t(5)\tA Panel cannot deal with the case of a child if a member of the Panel is — \t(a)\ta member of the teaching staff of the school at which the child is enrolled; or\t(b)\ta parent of a child who is enrolled at the school at which the child is enrolled.\t(6)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to a Panel as to its procedure and a Panel is to give the child whose case is before the Panel, the child’s parents and the school’s principal an opportunity to be heard, but otherwise a Panel may determine its own procedure.\t(7)\tSubject to the Minister’s directions, the child and parents referred to in subsection (6) are not to be represented by another person before the Panel unless the Panel otherwise determines on the ground that the process will not work effectively without that representation but nothing in this subsection prevents the child and parents from being accompanied by another person when appearing before the Panel.\t(8)\tThe chief executive officer is to provide a Panel with such support services as it may reasonably require.\t(9)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tdirect that the members of a Panel (other than an employee as defined in section 3(1) of the Public Sector Management Act 1994) are to be paid remuneration or allowances or both; and\t(b)\tdetermine the amount of any such payments on the recommendation of the Minister for Public Sector Management.\t[Section 93 amended by No. 74 of 2003 s. 107(2).]94.\tOrders that may be made \t(1)\tThe orders that may be made by the chief executive officer are — \t(a)\tan order excluding the student from normal attendance at the school but directing him or her to attend the school for the purposes specified in the order;\t(b)\tan order completely excluding the student from attending the school;\t(c)\tan order directing the student to attend a specified government school or to participate in a specified educational programme;\t(d)\tan order determining the educational instruction that the student is to be given,\t\tor a combination of 2 or more of those orders.\t(2)\tIf an order is made under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c) the chief executive officer is to consider making, and if necessary make, an order under subsection (1)(d) in conjunction with the other order.\t(3)\tAn order under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tmay be expressed to have effect for a specified period; and\t(b)\tmay at any time be revoked or amended by further order made by the chief executive officer.95.\tPrincipal may exclude students above compulsory age \t(1)\tThe principal of a government school may exclude from attendance at the school — \t(a)\ta student who is enrolled under section 80 or 81 if — \t(i)\tthe student’s attendance at the school is not satisfactory;\t(ii)\tthe student is not participating in the educational programme of the school in a way that is of benefit to his or her educational progress; or\t(iii)\tthe student has failed to comply with a requirement of any applicable code of conduct for students at the school; \t\tand\t(b)\ta student who is enrolled under section 81 if he or she has failed to comply with any condition imposed by the chief executive officer under that section.\t(2)\tThe powers in this section are in addition to the other powers conferred by this Division.96.\tReview of decisions under section 95 \t(1)\tA student who is excluded from attendance at a school under section 95 may apply in writing to the chief executive officer for a review of the decision.\t(2)\tA review is limited to determining whether fair and proper procedures were followed by the principal in making the decision.\t(3)\tThe application is to be made within 7 days after the student received notice in writing of the decision.\t(4)\tWithin 28 days of the chief executive officer receiving an application made under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tthe chief executive officer is to refer the matter to a School Discipline Advisory Panel under section 93; and\t(b)\tthe Panel is to examine the matter and report to the chief executive officer with its recommendation.\t(5)\tThe chief executive officer is to provide the School Discipline Advisory Panel with any information or material relating to the application that is requested by the Panel and that is in the possession or control of the chief executive officer.\t(6)\tThe chief executive officer after considering the report and reviewing the decision in terms of subsection (2), may confirm, vary or reverse the decision and, within 14 days after receiving the report, is to give the applicant notice of that decision.Division 6 — Financial provisions Subdivision 1 — Fees for instruction, charges, contributions and costs \t\tIn this Subdivision — \t“adult student” means a person who enrols at a government school in a year and whose post-compulsory education period has ended before January in that year;\t“contribution” means voluntary contribution;\t“extra cost optional component” means an optional component of a government school’s educational programme having a cost that is not incorporated into the determination of the school’s charges or contributions under section 99 — \t(a)\tbecause of the high cost associated with the provision of that optional component before the end of a child’s compulsory education period; or\t(b)\tbecause the component is in respect of a person’s post-compulsory education period;\t“first charges payment year” in relation to a student — \t(a)\tuntil 31 December 2010, means the first calendar year in which the student had reached 12 years of age by the beginning of the year; and\t(b)\ton and from January 2011, means the first calendar year in which the student had reached 12 years and 6 months of age by the beginning of the year;\t“overseas student” \tmeans a person who enrols at a government school and who — \t(a)\tis not entitled to reside permanently in Australia; and\t(b)\tsatisfies the criteria (if any) prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this Subdivision.98.\tLimitation on matters for which fees for instruction and charges may be imposed \t(1)\tNo fee for instruction may be imposed in respect of a student for the provision of — \t(a)\ta non-optional component of an educational programme at a government school; or\t(b)\tan optional component of an educational programme at a government school if the instruction is provided by a member of the teaching staff,\t\tunless the student is an overseas student or an adult student.\t(2)\tA contribution must not be sought towards a fee referred to in subsection (1) and any agreement entered into for the payment of a fee referred to in subsection (1) has no effect.\t(3)\tNo charge may be imposed in respect of a student for — \t(a)\tmaterials provided in a non-optional component of an educational programme of a government school; or\t(b)\tservices or facilities for use in, or associated with the provision of, a non-optional component of an educational programme of a government school,\t\tbefore the student’s first charges payment year unless the student is an overseas student.\t(4)\tA contribution determined in accordance with section 99 may be sought for the costs of the materials, services or facilities referred to in subsection (3).99.\tCharges and contributions for the provision of certain materials, services and facilities \t(1)\tSubject to subsection (2), regulations may be made providing for charges or contributions that may be made for — \t(a)\tmaterials provided in — \t(i)\ta non-optional component of an educational programme of a government school; or\t(ii)\tan optional component of an educational programme of a government school that is not an extra cost optional component;\t\tor\t(b)\tservices or facilities for use in, or associated with the provision of — \t(i)\ta non-optional component of an educational programme of a government school; or\t(ii)\tan optional component of an educational programme of a government school that is not an extra cost optional component.\t(2)\tRegulations cannot be made providing for charges or contributions for the purchase, maintenance or replacement of equipment, furniture and fittings provided for the purposes of a government school.\t(3)\tThe principal of a government school may from time to time determine a charge or contribution — \t(a)\tif the charge or contribution is of a kind prescribed by the regulations as able to be charged or be a contribution for the purposes of this section; and\t(b)\tnot exceeding any limit prescribed by the regulations.\t(4)\tIf the school has a Council a determination under subsection (3) does not have effect unless it has been approved by the Council.\t(5)\tAll charges or contributions for a school year must be determined under subsection (3) and approved under subsection (4) not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year.\t(6)\tThe principal is to take reasonable steps to notify the persons —\t(a)\tfrom whom may be recovered under section 106(1) the charges that are payable under this section for a school year, of those charges; and\t(b)\tfrom whom a contribution may be sought, of the amount to be sought by way of contribution.\t(7)\tNotification under subsection (6) must be given not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year but the validity of a determination is not affected by the failure of a person to receive notice.\t(8)\tWhen notifying a person for the purposes of subsection (6), it is sufficient for the principal to notify the person — \t(a)\tof the total charges that are payable, or the total contribution to be sought, (as the case requires) for the school year in respect of the student, itemizing each component of those charges or the contribution and the charge or contribution for each component; or\t(b)\tof the scale of charges or contribution for each — \t(i)\tnon-optional component of the school’s educational programme; or\t(ii)\toptional component of the school’s educational programme that is not an extra cost optional component,\t\tthat will be available to the student in the school year.100.\tExtra cost optional components of educational programmes \t(1)\tThe principal of a government school may from time to time determine the costs to be paid for participation in an extra cost optional component of the school’s educational programme.\t(2)\tThe costs of an extra cost optional component must not include a fee for instruction if the instruction is provided by a member of the teaching staff.\t(3)\tIf the school has a Council a determination under subsection (1) does not have effect unless it has been approved by the Council.\t(4)\tThe costs of the extra cost optional components to be provided in a school year must be determined under subsection (1) and approved under subsection (3) not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year.\t(5)\tIf an extra cost optional component may be participated in by a particular student, the principal is to take reasonable steps to notify — \t(a)\ta parent of the student; or\t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, the student,\t\tof the costs of an extra cost optional component of those costs not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year.\t(6)\tWhen notifying a person for the purposes of subsection (5), it is sufficient for the principal to notify the person — \t(a)\tby itemizing each component of those costs and the cost for each component; or\t(b)\tof the scale of costs for each extra cost optional component that will be available to the student in the school year.\t(7)\tThe participation of a student in an extra cost optional component is conditional on payment of the costs of that component.101.\tOptional components that are not extra cost optional components to be available to certain students \t\tThe principal of a government school is to ensure that optional components of the school’s educational programme that are not extra cost optional components are available to students at the school — \t(a)\twho are of compulsory school age; and\t(b)\twho have reached their first charges payment year.102.\tPrincipal to collect charges, contributions and costs \t(1)\tThe following are payable to the principal of a government school — \t(a)\tcharges determined and approved under section 99 in relation to the school; and\t(b)\tcosts of the extra cost optional components of the school’s educational programme.\t(2)\tIf a person wishes to make a contribution that has been determined and approved under section 99, the contribution is to be collected by the school’s principal for the purposes of the school.103.\tOverseas students and adult students \t\tA person who is an overseas student or an adult student is to pay such fees for instruction as may be prescribed and in accordance with the regulations.104.\tFinancial hardship \t\tRegulations may be made providing for — \t(a)\tthe reduction, waiver or refund, in whole or in part, of any fee, charge or cost provided for by this Subdivision; and\t(b)\tdeferred payment, payment by instalments or other forms of assistance for the payment of any fee, charge or cost provided for by this Subdivision.105.\tStudents (other than overseas or adult students) cannot be excluded for non-payment of charges \t\tA principal of a government school must not exclude a student, other than an overseas student or an adult student, from participating in an educational programme of the school for the non-payment of a charge payable under section 99.106.\tRecovery \t(1)\tAny fee or charge that is payable under this Subdivision in respect of a student may be recovered as a debt, if necessary in a court of competent jurisdiction — \t(a)\tfrom a parent of the student; or\t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, from the student.\t(2)\tThe chief executive officer is to ensure that before any administrative or legal action is taken to recover a debt under subsection (1) — \t(a)\tinquiries have been made into the reasons for the failure to pay the fee or charge;\t(b)\tall reasonably practicable steps have been taken to recover the fee or charge; and\t(c)\tthe circumstances of the person against whom the action is proposed to be taken and the person’s capacity to pay have been taken into account.107.\tAgreements to pay costs not affected \t\tNothing in this Subdivision prevents a person — \t(a)\tsubject to section 98(2) from agreeing to pay money for or towards the cost of providing an educational programme for a student;\t(b)\tfrom agreeing to pay money for or towards the cost of a school based activity beyond the school’s educational programme; or\t(c)\tfrom enforcing an agreement referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).108.\tItems for personal use in educational programme \t(1)\tThe principal of a government school may from time to time determine the items that are to be supplied by a student for the student’s personal use in the school’s educational programme.\t(2)\tIf the school has a Council a determination under subsection (1) does not have effect unless it has been approved by the Council.\t(3)\tAll items to be supplied by a student for a school year must be determined under subsection (1) and approved under subsection (2) not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year.\t(4)\tIf a particular student is to supply any item under this section, the principal is to take reasonable steps to notify — \t(a)\ta parent of the student; or\t(b)\tin the case of a student who has turned 18 or who is a prescribed child, the student,\t\tof each item to be supplied not later than 2 months before the beginning of the school year.Subdivision 2 — School funds 109.\tGeneral Purposes Fund \t\tEach government school is to have a fund to be called the “(name of the school) General Purposes Fund”.110.\tFunds for special purposes \t\tThe chief executive officer may authorise the principal of a government school to establish funds for the receipt of donations and bequests for or towards — \t(a)\tthe addition of new capital works to the school premises;\t(b)\tthe benefit of the school library; or\t(c)\tthe benefit of the school generally.111.\tManagement of school funds \t(1)\tThe management of a school fund is to be vested in the principal unless some other officer is designated by the chief executive officer to perform that function at the school.\t(2)\tThe chief executive officer may amend, revoke or replace a designation under subsection (1).\t(3)\tMoneys forming part of a school fund may only be expended by or with the authority of the principal or the other person designated under subsection (1) and in accordance with — \t(a)\tthe regulations; and\t(b)\tany directions (not being inconsistent with the regulations) issued by the chief executive officer either generally or in any particular case.\t(4)\tHowever — \t(a)\tmoney paid under a licence to which section 218 applies as a security for the performance of an obligation may only be applied in accordance with the licence; and \t(b)\tsubsection (3) only applies to that money if the money has been forfeited under, and in accordance with, the licence.112.\tWhat may be credited \t(1)\tThere are to be credited to the General Purposes Fund of a school — \t(a)\tmoneys from time to time allocated to the school from funds appropriated by Parliament;\t(b)\tgrants and advances to the school from government and private sources;\t(c)\tcharges, contributions and costs collected for the purposes of the school and any fees that, in accordance with regulations, are to be payable to the principal of the school;\t(d)\tmoneys payable to the school under section 220 or 221;\t(e)\tthe proceeds of any investment of the General Purposes Fund under section 115; and\t(f)\tsubject to subsection (2), other moneys properly receivable for the purposes of the school.\t(2)\tThere are to be credited to a fund established for a school under section 110 — \t(a)\tdonations and bequests to the school for the purpose for which the fund was established; and\t(b)\tthe proceeds of any investment of the fund under section 115.113.\tBank account \t(1)\tMoneys forming part of a school fund are to be paid into an account at a bank approved by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tA government school is to have only one such bank account for each school fund except to the extent that the chief executive officer approves otherwise.\t(3)\tThe bank account or accounts may only be operated jointly by — \t(a)\tthe principal; and\t(b)\tone or more office-holders, or persons belonging to a class, designated under subsection (4).\t(4)\tThe chief executive officer is to designate for each government school the office-holders or class of persons who may act under subsection (3)(b).\t(5)\tIn this section — \t“bank” means — \t(a)\tan ADI (authorised deposit-taking institution) as defined in section 5 of the Banking Act 1959 of the Commonwealth; or\t(b)\ta bank constituted by a law of a State, a Territory or the Commonwealth.\t[Section 113 amended by No. 74 of 2003 s. 107(3).]114.\tCertain provisions not to apply \t\tSections 109 to 113 have effect despite sections 8 and 34 of the Financial Management Act 2006, but nothing in sections 109 to 113 is to be read as affecting the responsibilities of the chief executive officer as accountable authority under that Act in respect of moneys referred to in section 112.\t[Section 114 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 6 and 17.]115.\tInvestment of school funds \t\tMoneys forming part of a school fund may, until required to be paid out under section 111, be invested in the name of the school by — \t(a)\tthe principal; or\t(b)\tthe other person designated under section 111(1),\t\tin the manner in which money standing to the credit of the Public Bank Account may be invested under section 37 of the Financial Management Act 2006.\t[Section 115 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 17.]116.\tClosure or amalgamation of school \t(1)\tIf a school is closed or amalgamated with another school — \t(a)\tsubject to subsection (2), moneys in a school fund are to be dealt with as the chief executive officer may direct; and\t(b)\tthe bank account for the fund may be operated by the chief executive officer for the purpose of giving effect to such a direction.\t(2)\tHowever — \t(a)\tmoney paid under a licence to which section 218 applies as a security for the performance of an obligation may only be applied in accordance with the licence; and \t(b)\tsubsection (1)(a) only applies to that money if the money has been forfeited under, and in accordance with, the licence.Division 7 — Other management provisions 117.\tSchool year for government schools \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer, by order published in the Government Gazette, is to determine the days in each year on which government schools are to be open for educational instruction of students.\t(2)\tAn order that makes or includes such a determination for any year must be published in the Government Gazette at least 3 years before the beginning of that year.\t(3)\tSection 43(4) and (7) to (9) of the Interpretation Act 1984 apply to an order under this section as if the order were regulations.\t(4)\tAn order under this section made within 3 months of the commencement of this Act need not comply with subsection (2).118.\tDisputes and complaints \t(1)\tRegulations may be made providing for means by which disputes or complaints about — \t(a)\tthe provision of education; or\t(b)\tthe conduct of any member of the teaching staff,\t\tin government schools may be dealt with.\t(2)\tRegulations of the kind mentioned in subsection (1) may — \t(a)\tconfer authority on the chief executive officer to make provision, by instrument published in the Government Gazette, for a scheme for dealing with disputes and complaints;\t(b)\tconfer protection on persons in respect of statements made or information given; and\t(c)\tprovide for the powers that may be exercised in connection with the investigation and resolution of disputes and complaints.119.\tManagement and control of school premises \t(1)\tRegulations may be made making provision in relation to premises used for or in connection with government schools including buildings and other things erected or standing on those premises (“school premises”).\t(2)\tRegulations of the kind mentioned in subsection (1) may provide for — \t(a)\tpersons who may enter or remain on school premises and the purposes for which and circumstances in which they may do so; \t(b)\twhat may be brought on to school premises;\t(c)\tthe times when and purposes for which school premises are to be open or closed;\t(d)\tthe payment of fees or charges for the use of school premises other than for school activities;\t(e)\tthe closure of the whole or part of school premises for the safety and protection of the premises and persons in the vicinity of the premises;\t(f)\tthe maintenance of good order on school premises;\t(g)\tthe conduct of persons on school premises and things that they are not permitted to have in their possession;\t(h)\tthe parking and standing of vehicles; \t(i)\tthe prohibition or use of vehicles and the regulation of traffic on school premises; and\t(j)\tthe conferral on school officials of powers — \t(i)\tto require a person on school premises to give his or her name and address;\t(ii)\tto prohibit a person from entering school premises; \t(iii)\tto remove property from school premises, move property within the premises, and recover the attendant cost and expenses; and\t(iv)\tto take possession of property on school premises that appears to be lost, discarded or disused and, subject to any prescribed requirements for notice to be given, to dispose of the property as being the property of the department.120.\tDealing with persons disrupting school premises \t(1)\tIf an authorised person reasonably suspects that a person who is not a student at a government school — \t(a)\thas substantially disrupted, or is likely to substantially disrupt, the discipline of students or the good order of the school; or\t(b)\thas used threatening, abusive or insulting language towards a teacher acting in an official capacity,\t\tthe authorised person may require the person to — \t(c)\tstate his or her name and address; and\t(d)\tleave the school premises, and remain away from those premises for the following 24 hours. \t(2)\tA person must not — \t(a)\tfail to comply with a requirement directed to him or her under subsection (1); or\t(b)\twhen required to state his or her name and address, give any false or misleading information.\tPenalty: $5 000.\t(3)\tAn authorised person may — \t(a)\tdetain a person who has contravened subsection (2) until the person can be delivered to a police officer; and\t(b)\tuse the help of other persons as is necessary for that purpose.\t(4)\tReasonable force may be used in the exercise of the powers conferred by subsection (3).\t(5)\tIn this section — \t“authorised person” in relation to a government school means — \t(a)\tthe principal of the school;\t(b)\ta person authorised by the chief executive officer to exercise the powers conferred by this section in respect of that school; or\t(c)\ta person who belongs to a class of persons so authorised.\t[Section 120 amended by No. 50 of 2003 s. 94(2).]121.\tDissemination of certain information on school premises \t(1)\tA person must not on the premises of a government school give to students, whether orally or in writing, information — \t(a)\tto which this section applies; and \t(b)\twhich is not part of the educational programme of the school,\t\tif the purpose of doing so is to impress a particular viewpoint or message on the minds of the students.\tPenalty: $2 000.\t(2)\tThis section applies to information that — \t(a)\tis intended to generate support for a political party;\t(b)\tadvertises any commercial goods, product or service, except as allowed under section 216(2)(d);\t(c)\tpromotes a particular denomination or sect, except as allowed under section 69; or\t(d)\tadvocates the case of a party to an industrial dispute, including the chief executive officer.\t(3)\tThe principal of a government school — \t(a)\tis to take all reasonable steps to ensure that subsection (1) is complied with; and\t(b)\tmay confiscate any written material that is on the school premises in contravention of that subsection.\t(4)\tIn this section — \t“student” means a student enrolled at a government school who is on school premises at a time when — \t(a)\tthe student is required to attend the school as part of an educational programme at the school;\t(b)\tthe student is otherwise participating in an educational programme of the school; or\t(c)\tthe student is on school premises in preparation for, or subsequent to, being at the school for a reason referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).122.\tDealings with a parent \t(1)\tThe principal of, or a teacher at, a government school may notify information about a student to a person who is shown in the register referred to in section 19 as a parent of the student without being concerned — \t(a)\tto inquire whether there is any other person who in relation to the child may be within the definition of “parent” in section 4; or \t(b)\tto notify the information to another person whom he or she knows to be within that definition.\t(2)\tIf a person who is shown in the register referred to in section 19 as a parent of a student gives to the principal of, or a teacher at, a government school an authorisation or direction in relation to the student, the principal or teacher is not concerned — \t(a)\tto inquire whether there is any other person who in relation to the child may be within the definition of “parent” in section 4; or \t(b)\tto obtain a like authorisation or direction from another person whom he or she knows to be within that definition.\t(3)\tNothing in this section affects the operation and enforcement of a Family Court order.123.\tGeneral management \t(1)\tRegulations may be made for the general management of government schools. \t(2)\tWithout limiting subsection (1) regulations may be made — \t(a)\tfor the discipline of students and the powers of principals in that respect; and\t(b)\tprescribing the hours for the instruction of students in government schools.Division 8 — Parent and community involvement Subdivision 1 — School Councils 124.\t\t\tIn this Subdivision — \t“school” means a government school and includes, where section 125(2) applies, all relevant government schools.125.\tGovernment school to have a Council \t(1)\tA government school is to have a Council unless it is exempted by the Minister under section 126.\t(2)\tIt is sufficient compliance with subsection (1) for 2 or more government schools, with the approval of the Minister, to have one Council that operates for those schools jointly.126.\tExemptions and approvals \t(1)\tThe Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette — \t(a)\texempt a school from the requirements of section 125(1) if the Minister is satisfied that it is not necessary for the school to have a Council — \t(i)\tbecause of its size or nature; or\t(ii)\tbecause the functions to be performed by a Council can be provided by some other means;\t(b)\tgive an approval for the purposes of section 125(2); and\t(c)\tat any time revoke an order and specify a time by which the school is to comply with section 125(1).\t(2)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tmake an exemption or approval subject to any condition; and\t(b)\timpose any further condition or vary or revoke a condition at any time.127.\tConstitution of Councils \t(1)\tThe membership of a Council for a school is to be drawn from — \t(a)\tthe parents of students at the school except where the majority of the students at the school are 18 years of age or more;\t(b)\tother members of the general community; \t(c)\tthe staff of the school; and\t(d)\twhere the school is of a prescribed class, students at the school, but no student under 18 years of age can be a member of an incorporated Council.\t(2)\tThe principal for the time being of a school is automatically a member of the Council for that school.\t(3)\tA person who — \t(a)\tis the principal of, or on the staff of, a school which has a Council; and \t(b)\tis also a person described in subsection (1)(a) or (b),\t\tcan only be a member of the Council in his or her capacity as the principal or a staff member.\t(4)\tPersons referred to in subsection (1)(a) and (b) must form the majority of members of a Council.\t(5)\tSubject to this section — \t(a)\tthe procedure for the establishment of Councils;\t(b)\tthe number of members and composition of Councils; \t(c)\tthe manner in which persons become members; \t(d)\tthe term of office of members; and\t(e)\tmatters relating to ineligibility for, and cessation or termination of, membership,\t\tare to be as prescribed by the regulations.\t(6)\tThe Chairperson of the Council is to be elected by and from its members.128.\tFunctions of Councils \t\tThe functions of a Council for a school are — \t(a)\tto take part — \t(i)\tin establishing, and reviewing from time to time, the school’s objectives, priorities and general policy directions; \t(ii)\tin the planning of financial arrangements necessary to fund those objectives, priorities and directions; and\t(iii)\tin evaluating the school’s performance in achieving them;\t(b)\tto promote the school in the community;\t(c)\tto take part in formulating codes of conduct for students at the school;\t(d)\tto determine, in consultation with students, their parents and staff of the school, a dress code for students when they are attending or representing the school;\t(e)\tto carry out the functions given by sections 70, 99(4), 100(3), 108(2) and 216(5); and\t(f)\tto undertake such other functions prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.129.\tMinister may approve additional functions for a Council \t(1)\tThis section applies to any Council. \t(2)\tWith the approval of the Minister, a Council for a school may — \t(a)\ttake part in the selection of, but not the appointment of, the school principal or any other member of the teaching staff; and\t(b)\tcarry out any other function prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.\t(3)\tAn approval is only to be given for the purposes of subsection (1) if the Minister is of the opinion that it will be in the best interests of the students that the Council have the function to which the approval relates.\t(4)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tmake an approval subject to any condition; and\t(b)\tat any time — \t(i)\timpose any further condition or vary or revoke a condition; or\t(ii)\trevoke an approval.130.\tIncorporated Council may have prescribed additional functions if approved by the Minister \t(1)\tRegulations may be made prescribing functions that a Council may perform only if it has the approval of the Minister in terms of subsection (2).\t(2)\tAn approval referred to in subsection (1) is to be given by the Minister only if in his or her opinion the performance by the Council of the function to which the approval relates will — \t(a)\timprove an educational programme of the school or the management of the school’s facilities; and\t(b)\tbe in the best interests of the students.\t(3)\tAn approval referred to in subsection (1) — \t(a)\tis to be conditional on the Council — \t(i)\thaving a constitution containing provisions approved by the Minister; and\t(ii)\tbecoming an incorporated association under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 within a period specified by the Minister;\t(b)\tdoes not have effect until those conditions are satisfied; and\t(c)\tmay be subject to any other condition.\t(4)\tThe Minister may at any time — \t(a)\timpose any further condition or vary or revoke a condition; or\t(b)\trevoke an approval.\t(5)\tWhile any approval is in force any change to the constitution of the Council, other than an amendment to this Act or the regulations, or any substituted constitution is of no effect until it has been approved by the Minister.131.\tCertain property vested in Minister \t\tAll property acquired by an incorporated Council for the use of a school is acquired for the purposes of this Act; and section 215 applies to it whether or not public moneys were spent on its acquisition.132.\tCouncil not concerned in school management \t\tA Council cannot — \t(a)\tintervene in the control or management of a school unless — \t(i)\tthe Council is one to which section 130 applies; and\t(ii)\tthe intervention is by way of performing a function prescribed for the purposes of section 130;\t(b)\tintervene in the educational instruction of students;\t(c)\texercise authority over teaching staff or other persons employed at the school; or\t(d)\tintervene in the management or operation of a school fund.133.\tPowers of Council \t\tA Council may do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the carrying out of its functions.134.\tPrincipal to provide support \t\tThe principal of a school is to provide the school’s Council with such support services as it may reasonably require.135.\tCouncil to comply with Minister’s directions \t(1)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to a Council with respect to the performance of its functions, either generally or in relation to a particular matter, and the Council is to give effect to any such direction.\t(2)\tA direction under subsection (1) may require a Council to comply with a specified instruction or class of instructions issued by the chief executive officer under section 233.136.\tProcedures \t\tSubject to this Act, a Council is to determine its own procedures.137.\tProtection from liability \t(1)\tAn action in tort does not lie against a person for anything that the person has done in good faith as a member of a Council.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) does not relieve a Council that is an incorporated association under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 of any liability that it might have for the doing of anything referred to in that subsection.\t(3)\tIn this section, a reference to the doing of anything includes a reference to the omission to do anything.138.\tMinister may dismiss Council \t(1)\tThis section does not apply to a Council that by operation of section 130 is an incorporated association under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987.\t(2)\tIf in the opinion of the Minister the conduct of a Council is incompetent, inadequate or improper or a Council is in breach of this Act, the Minister is to give written notice to the Council — \t(a)\tsetting out particulars of the allegations against it; and\t(b)\trequiring that the situation be remedied within the time specified in the notice.\t(3)\tIf the Minister is of the opinion that a Council has not complied with a notice under subsection (2) the Minister may, by order published in the Government Gazette, dismiss the Council.\t(4)\tAn order under subsection (3) may make any supplementary or incidental provision that the Minister considers is necessary to allow the dismissal to have effect with the least inconvenience to the school, the students at the school and their parents and the staff of the school. \t(5)\tProvision may be made under subsection (3) — \t(a)\tfor ownership of the Council’s documents and records; and \t(b)\tfor custody of them to be given to a specified person or persons.\t[Section 138 amended by No. 74 of 2003 s. 107(4).]139.\tWinding up of Council that is incorporated \t(1)\tA Council that, by operation of section 130, is an incorporated association under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 may, if the Council is in breach of this Act or the conduct of the Council is incompetent, inadequate or improper, be wound up by the Supreme Court on the application of the Minister.\t(2)\tThe Associations Incorporation Act 1987 applies to a Council for the purposes of subsection (1) as if the grounds referred to in that subsection were specified in section 31 of that Act as grounds for winding up.\t(3)\tThis section is in addition to, and does not limit, the application of the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 to a Council that is an incorporated association.140.\tRegulations \t\tWithout limiting section 127(5), 129(2)(b) or 130, regulations may be made in respect of the functions, powers and duties of Councils and in particular — \t(a)\tenabling Councils to co-opt members of the local community as members of Councils and prescribing the capacity in which they may be co-opted provided that no co-opted member shall have any voting rights on the Council to which she or he is co-opted;\t(b)\tenabling Councils to allow students to attend meetings and take part in discussion but without having a right to vote or being counted in determining a quorum;\t(c)\twith respect to the proceedings of Councils; and \t(d)\tproviding in relation to a school dress code referred to in section 128(d) — \t(i)\tfor the matters which may, or cannot, be provided for in a code; \t(ii)\tfor the procedures to be followed by a Council in the formulation and approval of a code; and\t(iii)\tenabling the principal of a school to exempt a student at the school from complying with any requirement of a code approved by the school’s Council.Subdivision 2 — Parents and Citizens’ Associations 141.\t\t\tIn this Subdivision — \t“association”, except in section 149, means a Parents and Citizens’ Association formed under section 142;\t“incorporated association” has the same meaning as it has in the Associations Incorporation Act 1987.142.\tFormation of Parents and Citizens’ Associations \t\tParents and other persons who are interested in the welfare of a government school or a group of government schools may, in accordance with this Subdivision, form a Parents and Citizens’ Association for that school or that group of schools.143.\tObjects etc. \t(1)\tThe objects of an association are to promote the interests of the school or group of schools for which it is formed through — \t(a)\tcooperation between parents, teachers, students and members of the general community; \t(b)\tassisting in the provision of resources, facilities and amenities for the school or schools; and\t(c)\tthe fostering of community interest in educational matters.\t(2)\tAn association cannot — \t(a)\tintervene in the control or management of a school;\t(b)\tintervene in the educational instruction of students; or\t(c)\texercise authority over teaching staff or other persons employed at the school.\t(3)\tAn association is not to expend its funds that are in excess of administrative costs otherwise than for the benefit of students at a government school.\t(4)\tThe constitution of an association must at all times be consistent with this section.144.\tCertain property vested in Minister \t\tAll property acquired by an association for the use of a school or group of schools is acquired for the purposes of this Act; and section 215 applies to it whether or not any public moneys were spent on its acquisition.145.\tIncorporation \t(1)\tThis section applies to an association formed after the commencement of this Division.\t(2)\tAn association is to become an incorporated association within 3 months after it is formed.\t(3)\tAn association is not to apply for incorporation under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 unless the Minister has first approved the provisions of the proposed constitution.\t(4)\tNo provision in an association’s constitution has effect until it has been approved by the Minister.\t(5)\tWhile any approval is in force any change to an association’s constitution or any substituted constitution is of no effect until it has been approved by the Minister.146.\tTransitional provision \t(1)\tThis section applies to an association to which clause 21 of Schedule 1 applies.\t(2)\tAn association that is not incorporated at the commencement of this Division is to become an incorporated association within 2 years from that commencement.\t(3)\tAn association referred to in subsection (2) is not to apply for incorporation under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 unless the Minister has first approved the provisions of the proposed constitution.\t(4)\tNo provision in the constitution of an association referred to in subsection (2) has effect until it has been approved by the Minister.\t(5)\tAn association — \t(a)\tthat is referred to in subsection (2); or\t(b)\tthat is an incorporated association at the commencement of this Division,\t\tis not to apply under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 to change or substitute its constitution unless the Minister has first approved the proposed change or substituted constitution.\t(6)\tAny change to an association’s constitution or any substituted constitution is of no effect until it has been approved by the Minister.147.\tInformation to be given to principal \t\tAn association for a school or a group of schools must — \t(a)\tbefore 30 April in each year notify the principal of the school, or of each of the schools, in writing of the names of the persons who as at 1 April in that year are office-bearers or committee members of the association; and\t(b)\tgive to the principal of the school, or of each of the schools, a copy of the audited annual financial statements of the association as soon as is practicable after those statements have been approved by the association.148.\tWinding up of associations \t(1)\tAn association that is in breach of this Act may be wound up by the Supreme Court on the application of the Minister.\t(2)\tThe Associations Incorporation Act 1987 applies to an association for the purposes of subsection (1) — \t(a)\twhether or not the association is an incorporated association; and\t(b)\tas if a breach referred to in subsection (1) were specified in section 31 of that Act as a ground for winding up,\t\tbut in the case of an association that is not an incorporated association, the application of that Act is limited to the purposes of subsection (1).\t(3)\tIn the case of an association that is an incorporated association, this section is in addition to, and does not limit, the application of the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 to the association.149.\tOther associations \t(1)\tNothing in this Subdivision prevents the formation and carrying on of any other association, in relation to a government school or group of schools, that has as its object or one of its objects the promotion of the interests of the school or the group of schools or students at the school or the groups of schools either generally or in any particular respect.\t(2)\tAn association referred to in subsection (1) is not to have a name that is likely to be misunderstood as referring to an association to which section 142 applies.\t(3)\tIf the Minister is of the opinion that an association referred to in subsection (1) — \t(a)\tis being carried on in a way that is not in the interests of the school; or\t(b)\thas a name that contravenes subsection (2),\t\the or she may give directions in writing to the persons who manage the affairs of the association as to any matter relating to the name, constitution, objects or management of the association.\t(4)\tA person to whom a direction is given under subsection (3) must take all steps reasonably available to him or her to comply with it.\tPenalty: $500.\t(5)\tIf any such direction is not complied with, the association may, on the ground of that non-compliance, be wound up by the Supreme Court on the application of the Minister; and section 148(2) and (3) apply for that purpose with all necessary changes.Part 4 — Non-government schools What this Part is aboutThis Part requires non-government schools to be approved and registered by the Minister and makes various provisions about their operation and funding.In particular it deals with — the registration of non-government schools that meet the required standards (Division 2);recognition of groups of registered schools (“system schools”) that are under the control of one governing body, and agreements between the Minister and the governing body about the operation of schools in the group (Division 3);inspection of registered schools and the provision of information to the Minister (Division 4);the allocation of funds appropriated by Parliament for registered schools (Division 5);loans to registered schools or school systems for capital works (Division 6).Division 1 — Preliminary 150.\t\t\tIn this Part, unless the contrary intention appears — \t“governing body” means — \t(a)\tin relation to a school or proposed school, the person or body of persons that has the ownership, management or control of the school or proposed school; and\t(b)\tin relation to a system of non-government schools, the person or body of persons that exercises a supervisory role over the schools in the system;\t“non-system school” means a school that is not a member of a school system;\t“registered school” means a school registered under section 160;\t“school system” means a school system that is recognized under section 169;\t“system agreement” means an agreement under section 173;\t“system school” means a school that is a member of a school system.151.\tReferences to chief executive officer \t\tReferences in this Part to the chief executive officer are to the chief executive officer appointed under section 45 of the Public Sector Management Act 1994 for the department principally assisting the Minister in the administration of this Part.152.\tDelegation by the chief executive officer \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may, by instrument, delegate to an officer of the department the performance of any of the functions conferred on the chief executive officer by this Act except this power of delegation.\t(2)\tA delegation may be general or as otherwise provided by the instrument of delegation.\t(3)\tWhere an officer performs a function of the chief executive officer he or she is to be taken to do so in accordance with the terms of a delegation under this section, unless the contrary is shown.\t(4)\tPerformance of a function by an officer under this section is to be treated as performance by the chief executive officer.153.\tMinister may give directions to the chief executive officer \t\tThe Minister may give directions in writing of a general nature to the chief executive officer with respect to the performance of the chief executive officer’s functions under this Part but the Minister cannot give a direction in relation to a particular person.Division 2 — Registration of non-government schools 154.\tOffence of carrying on unregistered school etc. \t(1)\tA person must not establish or carry on an establishment that provides an educational programme for children in their — \t(a)\tpre-compulsory education period;\t(b)\tcompulsory education period; or\t(c)\tpost-compulsory education period,\t\tunless the establishment is registered under this Part.\tPenalty: $10 000 and a daily penalty of $50.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) does not apply to — \t(a)\ta government school; \t(b)\ta community kindergarten registered under Part 5; or\t(c)\tan establishment that provides an educational programme of a kind prescribed by the regulations.\t(3)\tA person employed in an establishment referred to in subsection (1) is not guilty of an offence against that subsection if the person proves that he or she acted under an honest and reasonable belief that the establishment was carried on under and in accordance with — \t(a)\ta registration referred to in subsection (2)(b); or\t(b)\ta certificate referred to in section 162.155.\tOffence of false representation \t\tA person must not falsely represent in relation to an establishment that — \t(a)\tthe establishment is registered under this Part; or\t(b)\tenrolment in the establishment satisfies the requirements of section 9(1).\tPenalty: $10 000.156.\tScheme of registration \t(1)\tThe Minister may register non-government schools.\t(2)\tA school is to be registered as a system school or a non-system school.\t(3)\tA school is to be registered as providing educational programmes of a general or any specified kind for one or more of the following — \t(a)\teducation for children in their pre-compulsory education period or for any specified part of that period;\t(b)\teducation for children in their compulsory education period or for any specified part of that period; or\t(c)\teducation for children in their post-compulsory education period or for any specified part of that period.\t(4)\tThe chief executive officer is to keep a register of schools that are registered under this Part.157.\tMinister may make advance determination of certain issues \t(1)\tA person or body of persons that proposes to establish a non-government school may apply to the Minister for a determination of the kind described in subsection (2).\t(2)\tThe determination referred to is that, if an application were made under section 158 to register the proposed school, the Minister could not refuse to register it on the ground specified in section 160(1)(f).\t(3)\tThe Minister may make such a determination and in doing so is to take into account the need to allow diversity of choice in educational programmes.\t(4)\tThe Minister may specify a time after which a determination will lapse.\t(5)\tIf when an application is made to register a school under section 158 a determination under this section is in force in respect of the school, the application cannot be refused on the ground referred to in subsection (2), but this subsection does not otherwise restrict the operation of section 160.158.\tApplication for registration \t(1)\tThe governing body of a school may apply to the Minister for the school to be registered as a system or a non-system school.\t(2)\tAn application is to — \t(a)\tbe made in writing at least 6 months before the day from which registration is sought;\t(b)\tspecify the kind of education for which registration is sought;\t(c)\tspecify the location of all of the premises to be used by the school; \t(d)\tprovide any other prescribed information; and\t(e)\tbe accompanied by the prescribed fee.\t(3)\tIf the application is for registration as a system school, the application is to be accompanied by a statement in support of the application by the governing body of the school system.\t(4)\tThe Minister may require the governing body to provide any other information that he or she considers necessary.159.\tMatters to be considered by Minister \t(1)\tThe Minister, in determining an application for registration, or for renewal of registration, of a school is to take into account — \t(a)\tthe location of the premises to be used by the school;\t(b)\tthe school’s curriculum;\t(c)\tthe year levels of education to be provided;\t(d)\tthe number of days in each year on which the school is to be open for instruction;\t(e)\tthe qualifications of the teachers;\t(f)\tthe school buildings, if any;\t(g)\tthe facilities to be provided;\t(h)\tthe number of children to attend the school;\t(i)\tthe enrolment and attendance procedures;\t(j)\tthe means by which disputes and complaints about the provision of education at the school may be dealt with;\t(k)\tthe arrangements (if any) for board and lodging for students on school premises or premises associated with the school;\t(l)\tthe sufficiency of the school’s financial resources; and\t(m)\tany other matter prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe Minister may determine standards in respect of the matters referred to in subsection (1) and is to determine any standard in accordance with consultation procedures prescribed by the regulations.160.\tGrant or refusal of registration \t(1)\tThe Minister is to register the school if the Minister is satisfied that — \t(a)\tthe constitution of the governing body of the school is satisfactory for the purposes of this Act;\t(b)\tthe members of the governing body are fit and proper persons to operate a school;\t(c)\tthe school will meet any standards determined by the Minister under section 159(2);\t(d)\tthe school will provide a satisfactory standard of education of the kind for which registration is sought;\t(e)\tthe school will provide satisfactory levels of care for the children concerned; \t(f)\tthe school will not have a detrimental effect on the ability of an existing school to function as a school; and\t(g)\tthe school complies, or will be able to comply, with any written laws affecting the operation of the school.\t(2)\tIf the Minister is not so satisfied, he or she is to — \t(a)\tregister the school subject to specified conditions; or\t(b)\trefuse to register the school.\t(3)\tIf the Minister is not satisfied as to the matter mentioned in subsection (1)(a) he or she may impose a condition that within a specified period — \t(a)\tthe school is to have a governing body that is a body corporate; and\t(b)\tthe constitution of the governing body is to be approved by the Minister as being satisfactory for the purposes of this Act.\t(4)\tIn subsection (1)(f) — \t“existing school” includes a proposed school for which a determination under section 157(2) is in force.161.\tMinister to notify decision within 3 months \t\tThe Minister, within 3 months after the application is received, is to notify the applicant in writing of the decision and, if registration is refused, of the reasons for the refusal.162.\tCertificate of registration \t\tThe Minister is to issue a certificate of registration to the governing body of a school that is granted registration or renewal of registration, specifying the kinds of education, in terms of section 156(3), for which it is registered and — \t(a)\tin the case of a school to which section 163(1) applies, the period of registration; or\t(b)\tin the case of a school to which section 163(2) applies, the name of the school system of which it is a member.163.\tPeriod of registration \t(1)\tSubject to this Part, the registration of a school that is — \t(a)\ta non-system school; or\t(b)\ta member of a school system for which a system agreement is not in force,\t\tcontinues for the period specified in its certificate of registration, being a period of not less than one year and not more than 7 years.\t(2)\tSubject to this Part, the registration of a school that is a member of a school system for which a system agreement is in force continues until — \t(a)\tthe school ceases to be a member of the school system; or\t(b)\tthe school system ceases to be recognized under section 169.164.\tRenewal of registration \t(1)\tThe governing body of a school referred to in section 163(1) may apply to the Minister for the registration to be renewed.\t(2)\tAn application for renewal is to be made in writing not earlier than 12 months and not later than 6 months before the end of the current period of registration.\t(3)\tAn application for renewal is otherwise to be made and determined in the same way as an application for initial registration under section 158.165.\tAmendment of conditions \t(1)\tWhere under section 160(2)(a) a school is registered subject to conditions, the Minister may decide to — \t(a)\timpose any new condition; or\t(b)\tchange or remove an existing condition.\t(2)\tThe Minister is not to make a decision under subsection (1) without first consulting the governing body of the school.\t(3)\tThe Minister is to give written notice of any decision under subsection (1) to the governing body of the school and the decision does not take effect until — \t(a)\t14 days after the notice is given; or \t(b)\tsuch later time as is set out in the notice.166.\tMinister may give directions \t(1)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to the governing body of a registered school requiring the governing body to observe any standard for the time being determined under section 159(2).\t(2)\tA governing body is to comply with a direction so given.167.\tCancellation of registration \t(1)\tThe Minister may cancel the registration of a system or non-system school at any time if the Minister is satisfied — \t(a)\tthat the school or its governing body is not complying with — \t(i)\tthis Act;\t(ii)\tany relevant requirement of the Curriculum Council Act 1997;\t(iii)\tany condition of the school’s registration; or\t(iv)\ta direction given under section 166; \t\tor\t(b)\tthat it is in the best interests of the children at the school to do so.\t(2)\tThe Minister is not to cancel the registration of a school without first — \t(a)\tnotifying the governing body of the proposed cancellation and of the reasons for it; and\t(b)\tgiving the governing body a reasonable opportunity to show why the registration should not be cancelled.\t(3)\tSubsection (2) does not apply if in the opinion of the Minister the health or welfare of persons may be at risk if the registration is not cancelled immediately.\t(4)\tThe Minister is to give written notice of the cancellation to the governing body.\t(5)\tThe cancellation takes effect at such time as is specified in the notice given under subsection (4).\t(6)\tIn this section — \t“governing body” means — \t(a)\tfor a non-system school the governing body of the school; or\t(b)\tfor a system school the governing body of the system.168.\tReview of decisions in relation to registration \t(1)\tThe governing body of a school may apply in writing to the Minister for a review of a decision of the Minister — \t(a)\tto refuse to register the school;\t(b)\tconcerning a condition to which the school’s registration is subject; or\t(c)\tto cancel the school’s registration.\t(2)\tThe application is to be made within 28 days after the applicant received written notice of the decision.\t(3)\tWhere an application is made under subsection (1), the Minister is to refer the matter to a Non-government School Registration Advisory Panel which is to examine the matter and report to the Minister with its recommendation.\t(4)\tA Non-government School Registration Advisory Panel is to give the applicant the opportunity to be heard.\t(5)\tThe Minister is to give a copy of the report of the Non-government School Registration Advisory Panel to the applicant.\t(6)\tThe Minister after considering the report may confirm, vary or reverse the decision and is to give written notice to the applicant of the subsequent decision and written reasons for that decision.\t(7)\tIn this section — \t“Non-government School Registration Advisory Panel” means an advisory panel under section 241 established for the purposes of subsection (3) of this section.Division 3 — Non-government school systems Subdivision 1 — Recognition of systems 169.\tRecognized school systems \t(1)\tWhere the Minister is satisfied that subsection (2) applies to a group of registered schools, the Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette declare the schools to be a recognized school system.\t(2)\tThis subsection applies where a person or body of persons exercises a supervisory role over a group of 2 or more registered schools.\t(3)\tAn order under subsection (1) is to specify — \t(a)\tthe schools that are members of the school system; and\t(b)\tthe name and address of the governing body of the system.170.\tRevocation of order \t(1)\tThe Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette revoke an order under section 169 in respect of a school system if — \t(a)\tthe Minister is no longer satisfied that section 169(2) applies to the schools in the system; or\t(b)\tthe Minister is satisfied that it is in the best interests of children at schools in the system to do so.\t(2)\tAn order under subsection (1) in respect of a school system may provide that the registration of a school in the system will remain in force for a period of up to 12 months after the order comes into force.\t(3)\tThe Minister is not to publish an order under subsection (1) in respect of a school system without first — \t(a)\tnotifying the governing body of the system of the proposed revocation and of the reasons for it; and\t(b)\tgiving the governing body a reasonable opportunity to show why the order should not be revoked.\t(4)\tThe revocation takes effect at such time as is specified in the order.171.\tInclusion of a registered school in a school system \t(1)\tThe governing body of a school system may accept as a member of the system a school that is registered as a non-system school without conditions if that registration is not subject to any condition.\t(2)\tThe governing body is to give notice to the Minister of its intention to accept the school as from a day specified in the notice.\t(3)\tThe school becomes a member of the system on the day specified in the notice.172.\tWithdrawal of a school from a school system \t(1)\tThe person or body of persons that has the ownership of a school that is a member of a school system may give notice to the Minister that the school wishes to withdraw from the system and apply for registration as a non-system school.\t(2)\tIf the Minister is satisfied that the school meets the requirements of section 159, the Minister may — \t(a)\tapprove the withdrawal; and\t(b)\tregister the school as a non-system school as from a day specified by the Minister.\t(3)\tThe Minister is not to take action under subsection (2) in respect of a school without first — \t(a)\tinforming the governing body of the relevant system of the notice given under subsection (1); and \t(b)\tgiving the governing body a reasonable opportunity to make submissions on it.Subdivision 2 — System agreements 173.\tMinister may make agreements with non-government school systems \t(1)\tThe Minister may make an agreement with the governing body of a school system.\t(2)\tThe term of a system agreement is not to exceed 10 years but on its expiry a further system agreement may be made.\t(3)\tIf the Minister is not willing to make a further system agreement in place of an expiring system agreement, the Minister is to notify the governing body concerned in writing of that fact and of the reasons for his or her unwillingness.\t(4)\tA notice under subsection (3) is to be given not later than 6 months before the agreement will expire.174.\tContents of a system agreement \t(1)\tA system agreement is to include provisions as to — \t(a)\tthe responsibility of the governing body for the supervision of schools in the system;\t(b)\tmethods by which the governing body will ensure that standards of educational instruction are maintained in the schools of the system;\t(c)\tthe giving of information to the Minister about the system and the schools that are members of the system, in particular — \t(i)\tstatistical information;\t(ii)\teducational information; and\t(iii)\tfinancial information;\t(d)\tthe means by which disputes and complaints about the provision of education at schools within the system may be dealt with;\t(e)\tthe procedure for varying the agreement from time to time; and\t(f)\tany other matter prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tA system agreement may include provision by which — \t(a)\tthe Minister delegates to the governing body of the system the performance of functions under this Part relating to the registration or renewal of registration of schools in the system; and\t(b)\tthe governing body of a system is to supply the information described in section 181 on behalf of schools in the system.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer is to keep a register of system agreements and their contents.175.\tTermination of a system agreement \t\tThe Minister may terminate a system agreement at any time if he or she is satisfied that the governing body of the system is not complying with the agreement.Division 4 — Inspections and provision of information 176.\tInspection on notice \t(1)\tThe Minister may authorise persons to inspect registered schools for the purpose of ensuring that any school is complying with — \t(a)\tthis Act;\t(b)\tany relevant requirement of the Curriculum Council Act 1997; \t(c)\tany condition of the school’s registration; or\t(d)\ta direction given under section 166.\t(2)\tThe Minister is to issue a certificate of authority to any person authorised under subsection (1) that specifies — \t(a)\tthe schools that the person is authorised to inspect; and\t(b)\tthe period for which the certificate is in force.\t(3)\tAny person authorised under subsection (1) may, on 7 days’ notice — \t(a)\tenter and inspect any premises of a registered school;\t(b)\trequire the production of records and documents relating to the school and inspect or take copies of them; and\t(c)\trequire any person to give assistance reasonably necessary for the exercise of the powers conferred by this section.\t(4)\tIn subsection (3)(b) and in section 177(3)(b) and (c) — \t“records” includes the registers referred to in sections 19 and 28(3).177.\tInspection without notice \t(1)\tIf the Minister is of the opinion that — \t(a)\ta registered school is not complying with — \t(i)\tthis Act;\t(ii)\tany relevant requirement of the Curriculum Council Act 1997; \t(iii)\tany condition of the school’s registration; or\t(iv)\ta direction given under section 166;\t\tand\t(b)\tit is necessary for an inspection to be made without notice,\t\the or she may authorise a person in writing to inspect the school without notice.\t(2)\tThe Minister is to issue a certificate of authority to any person authorised under subsection (1) that specifies — \t(a)\tthe school that the person is authorised to inspect; \t(b)\tthe period for which the certificate is in force, being a period of not more than 7 days; and\t(c)\tthe reasons for authorising the inspection under subsection (1).\t(3)\tAny person authorised under subsection (1) may — \t(a)\tenter, search and inspect any premises of the school;\t(b)\trequire the production of records and documents relating to the school and inspect or take copies of them;\t(c)\tif authorised in writing by the Minister to do so, take possession of any records or documents kept by the school; and\t(d)\trequire any person to give assistance reasonably necessary for the exercise of the powers conferred by this section.178.\tProof of authority \t\tA person authorised under section 176 or 177 must produce the certificate referred to in subsection (2) of that section to a person in charge of any premises in respect of which the person is exercising or about to exercise his or her powers.179.\tOffence of obstructing an inspection \t\tA person must not hinder or obstruct an authorised person who is carrying out or attempting to carry out an inspection under this Part.\tPenalty: $2 000.180.\tNotice of change of premises \t\tThe governing body of a registered school is not to move the school, or any part of it, to new premises, unless it has given to the Minister at least 90 days’ notice of its intention to do so.181.\tProvision of information by registered schools \t(1)\tThe Minister may, by notice in writing, require the governing body of a registered school to provide — \t(a)\tstatistical, educational and financial information about the school; and\t(b)\tany other information about the school relating to any matter referred to in section 159.\t(2)\tIf the school is a system school, the Minister is to send a copy of the notice to the governing body of the system.\t(3)\tThe governing body is to provide the required information within the period specified in the notice, being a period of not less than 14 days from receipt of the notice.\tPenalty: $2 000.Division 5 — Funding 182.\tMinister may allocate moneys \t(1)\tThe Minister may allocate moneys that have been appropriated by Parliament for the purpose of assisting registered schools and school systems.\t(2)\tAllocations must be made in accordance with — \t(a)\tan order made under section 183; or\t(b)\tguidelines issued under such an order.\t[(3)\tHas not come into operation .]183.\tOrders as to funding \t(1)\tThe Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette make provision for — \t(a)\tthe purposes for which; and\t(b)\tthe manner in which,\t\tmoneys appropriated by Parliament for the purposes of section 182 will be applied in assisting registered schools and school systems.\t(2)\tThe Minister may by order published in the Government Gazette amend or revoke an order under subsection (1).\t(3)\tAn order under subsection (1) or (2) is to take effect on such day as is specified in the order which may be a day earlier than the day on which the order is published.184.\tContents of orders \t\tWithout limiting section 183 an order under that section may provide — \t(a)\tfor moneys to be paid to the governing body of — \t(i)\ta registered school; or\t(ii)\ta school system for which a system agreement is in force;\t(b)\tfor guidelines to be issued by the Minister from time to time expressing the principles upon which assistance will be given;\t(c)\tthat moneys not applied to the purposes specified in the order may, with the approval of the Minister, be applied to any other purpose approved by the Minister; or\t(d)\tfor any assistance provided to be subject to such conditions, limitations or restrictions as are specified in the order.185.\tAccountability \t(1)\tThe Minister may require a governing body to furnish to the Minister a report as to the application of moneys provided under this Division.\t(2)\tIf — \t(a)\tthe governing body fails to furnish any report required by the Minister;\t(b)\tany condition, limitation or restriction on the use of moneys is not complied with; or\t(c)\tthe Minister is of the opinion that moneys have not been applied in accordance with an order under section 183,\t\tthe Minister may recover the moneys as a debt in a court of competent jurisdiction.Division 6 — Loans for capital works 186.\tMinister may lend money \t(1)\tThe Minister may lend money for capital works to the governing body of — \t(a)\ta registered school; or\t(b)\ta school system for which a system agreement is in force.\t(2)\tAny such loan is to be made out of moneys borrowed by the Minister under section 187.\t(3)\tThe terms and conditions of any such loan, including the interest to be paid — \t(a)\tmay be less onerous than those that might reasonably apply to such a loan made commercially; and\t(b)\tare to be approved by the Treasurer.\t(4)\tIn subsection (1) — \t“capital works” means the acquisition of land, the construction, modification and renovation of buildings and the purchase of plant and equipment, or any of those things.187.\tBorrowing by the Minister \t(1)\tThe Minister may borrow moneys for the purpose of lending under section 186 — \t(a)\tfrom the Treasurer on such terms and conditions relating to repayment and payment of interest as the Treasurer imposes; or\t(b)\twith the prior written approval of the Treasurer and on such terms and conditions as the Treasurer approves, from persons other than the Treasurer.\t(2)\tAny moneys borrowed by the Minister under subsection (1)(b) may be raised — \t(a)\tas one loan or as several loans; and\t(b)\tin such manner as the Treasurer approves.\t(3)\tThe total amount of the moneys borrowed by the Minister under subsection (1)(b) in any one financial year is not to exceed such amount as the Treasurer approves.188.\tMoneys to be credited and charged to operating account \t(1)\tThe following moneys are to be credited to an operating account approved by the Treasurer — \t(a)\trepayments of moneys loaned under section 186; and\t(b)\tmoneys borrowed under section 187.\t(2)\tThe following moneys are to be charged to the operating account — \t(a)\tmoneys loaned under section 186; and\t(b)\trepayments of moneys borrowed under section 187.\t(3)\tIn this section — \t“operating account” means an agency special purpose account established and maintained under section 16 of the Financial Management Act 2006.\t[Section 188 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 17.]189.\tGuarantee by the Treasurer\t(1)\tThe Treasurer may, in the name and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State, guarantee payments to be made by the Minister in respect of moneys borrowed by the Minister under section 187(1)(b).\t(2)\tA guarantee is to be in such form and contain such terms and conditions as the Treasurer determines.\t(3)\tBefore a guarantee is given — \t(a)\tthe Minister is to give to the Treasurer such security as the Treasurer requires; and\t(b)\tall instruments that are necessary for the purpose are to be executed.\t(4)\tThe Treasurer may fix charges to be paid by the Minister to the credit of the Consolidated Account in respect of a guarantee given under this section.\t[Section 189 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 4.]190.\tPayments under guarantee \t(1)\tThe due payment of moneys under a guarantee given under section 189 is to be — \t(a)\tmade by the Treasurer; and\t(b)\tcharged to, and paid out of, the Consolidated Account,\t\tand this subsection appropriates that Account accordingly.\t(2)\tThe Treasurer is to cause to be credited to the Consolidated Account any amounts received or recovered from the Minister or otherwise in respect of any payment made by the Treasurer under a guarantee given under section 189.\t[Section 190 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 4 and 5(1).]Part 5 — Community kindergartens What this Part is aboutThis Part requires community kindergartens to be registered by the Minister and makes various provisions about their operation and funding.In particular it deals with — the registration of community kindergartens that meet the required standards (Division 2);the operation and management of community kindergartens (Division 3);the allocation of funds appropriated by Parliament for community kindergartens (section 210).Division 1 — Preliminary 191.\t\t\tIn this Part, unless the contrary intention appears — \t“governing body”, in relation to a kindergarten or proposed kindergarten, means the person or body of persons that has the ownership, management or control of the kindergarten or proposed kindergarten.Division 2 — Registration of community kindergartens 192.\tScheme of registration \t\tThe Minister may register community kindergartens for the provision of educational programmes for children in the first year of their pre-compulsory education period.193.\tApplication for registration \t(1)\tThe governing body of a kindergarten may apply to the Minister for the kindergarten to be registered as a community kindergarten.\t(2)\tAn application is to — \t(a)\tbe made in writing at least 6 months before the day from which registration is sought;\t(b)\tspecify the location of all the premises to be used by the kindergarten; and\t(c)\tprovide any other prescribed information.\t(3)\tThe Minister may require the governing body to provide any other information that he or she considers necessary.194.\tMatters to be considered by Minister \t(1)\tThe Minister, in determining an application for registration of a kindergarten is to take into account — \t(a)\tthe location of the premises to be used by the kindergarten;\t(b)\tthe kindergarten’s buildings, if any;\t(c)\tthe playground equipment and other facilities to be provided; and\t(d)\tany other matter prescribed by the regulations.\t(2)\tThe Minister may determine standards in respect of the matters referred to in subsection (1).195.\tGrant or refusal of registration \t(1)\tThe Minister is to register the kindergarten as a community kindergarten if the Minister is satisfied that — \t(a)\tthe governing body of the kindergarten will be incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 1987 before the day from which registration is sought;\t(b)\tthe constitution of the governing body of the kindergarten is satisfactory for the purposes of this Act;\t(c)\tthe members of the governing body are fit and proper persons to operate a community kindergarten;\t(d)\tthe kindergarten will meet any standards determined by the Minister under section 194(2);\t(e)\tthe kindergarten will provide satisfactory levels of care for the children concerned; and\t(f)\tthe kindergarten complies, or will be able to comply, with any written laws affecting the operation of the kindergarten.\t(2)\tIf the Minister is not so satisfied, he or she is to — \t(a)\tregister the kindergarten subject to specified conditions; or\t(b)\trefuse to register the kindergarten.196.\tMinister to notify decision within 3 months \t\tThe Minister, within 3 months after the application is received, is to notify the applicant in writing of the decision and, if registration is refused, of the reasons for the refusal.197.\tRegistration \t(1)\tThe Minister is to issue a certificate of registration to the governing body of a community kindergarten that is registered under this Part.\t(2)\tThe registration of a community kindergarten has effect indefinitely unless the registration is cancelled under section 200.\t(3)\tThe chief executive officer is to keep a register of community kindergartens that are registered under this Part.198.\tAmendment of conditions \t(1)\tWhere under section 195(2)(a) a community kindergarten is registered subject to conditions, the Minister may decide to — \t(a)\timpose any new condition; or\t(b)\tchange or remove an existing condition.\t(2)\tThe Minister is not to make a decision under subsection (1) without first consulting the governing body of the kindergarten.\t(3)\tThe Minister is to give written notice of any decision under subsection (1) to the governing body of the kindergarten and the decision does not take effect until — \t(a)\t14 days after the notice is given; or \t(b)\tsuch later time as is set out in the notice.199.\tAge limit on attendance \t(1)\tIt is a condition of every registration of a community kindergarten that a child is not to attend the community kindergarten in a year unless — \t(a)\tthe first year of the child’s pre-compulsory education period falls in that year; or\t(b)\tif paragraph (a) does not apply, the child’s attendance is approved by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tThe chief executive officer may — \t(a)\tattach any condition to; or\t(b)\trevoke, \t\tan approval under subsection (1)(b).200.\tCancellation of registration \t(1)\tThe Minister may cancel the registration of a community kindergarten at any time if the Minister is satisfied — \t(a)\tthat the buildings or facilities of the kindergarten present a risk to the safety or health of the children or staff at the kindergarten;\t(b)\tthat there has been mismanagement by the governing body or its management committee;\t(c)\tthat the kindergarten or its governing body is not complying with — \t(i)\tthis Act;\t(ii)\tany relevant requirement of the Curriculum Council Act 1997;\t(iii)\tany condition of the kindergarten’s registration; or\t(iv)\ta direction given under section 202; \t\tor\t(d)\tthat it is in the best interests of the children at the kindergarten to do so.\t(2)\tThe Minister is not to cancel the registration of a community kindergarten without first — \t(a)\tnotifying the governing body of the proposed cancellation and of the reasons for it; and\t(b)\tgiving the governing body a reasonable opportunity to show why the registration should not be cancelled.\t(3)\tSubsection (2) does not apply if in the opinion of the Minister the health or welfare of persons may be at risk if the registration is not cancelled immediately.\t(4)\tThe Minister is to give written notice of the cancellation to the governing body.\t(5)\tThe cancellation takes effect at such time as is specified in the notice given under subsection (4).201.\tReview of decisions in relation to registration \t(1)\tThe governing body of a kindergarten may apply in writing to the Minister for a review of a decision of the Minister — \t(a)\tto refuse to register the kindergarten as a community kindergarten;\t(b)\tconcerning a condition to which the kindergarten’s registration is subject; or\t(c)\tto cancel the kindergarten’s registration.\t(2)\tThe application is to be made within 28 days after the applicant received written notice of the decision.\t(3)\tWhere an application is made under subsection (1), the Minister is to refer the matter to a Community Kindergarten Registration Advisory Panel which is to examine the matter and report to the Minister with its recommendation.\t(4)\tA Community Kindergarten Registration Advisory Panel is to give the applicant the opportunity to be heard.\t(5)\tThe Minister is to give a copy of the report of the Community Kindergarten Registration Advisory Panel to the applicant.\t(6)\tThe Minister after considering the report may confirm, vary or reverse the decision and is to give written notice to the applicant of the subsequent decision and written reasons for that decision.\t(7)\tIn this section — \t“Community Kindergarten Registration Advisory Panel” means an advisory panel under section 241 established for the purposes of subsection (3) of this section.Division 3 — Operation and management of community kindergartens 202.\tMinister may give directions \t(1)\tThe Minister may give directions in writing to the governing body of a community kindergarten requiring the governing body to observe any standard for the time being determined under section 194(2).\t(2)\tA governing body is to comply with a direction so given.203.\tExtent of role of governing body as to certain matters \t(1)\tWith the approval of the Minister and subject to the regulations, a governing body for a community kindergarten or its management committee may take part in the selection of teaching staff for the kindergarten.\t(2)\tThe governing body of a community kindergarten cannot — \t(a)\tintervene in the educational instruction of children; or\t(b)\texercise authority over teaching staff or other persons appointed under section 236(2) who are employed at the kindergarten.\t(3)\tThe number of children that may attend a community kindergarten is to be determined by the chief executive officer.204.\tCertain staff to be appointed by chief executive officer \t\tThe chief executive officer is to appoint such number of teaching staff and other persons under section 236(2) as the chief executive officer considers appropriate for the provision of an educational programme at a community kindergarten.205.\tFunctions of kindergarten teachers \t(1)\tThe functions of teaching staff in a community kindergarten are — \t(a)\tto foster and facilitate learning in children;\t(b)\tto give competent instruction to children in accordance with — \t(i)\tthe curriculum; and\t(ii)\tstandards determined by the chief executive officer,\t\tand to undertake the preparation necessary to do so;\t(c)\tto undertake regular evaluation and reporting of the progress of children;\t(d)\tto be answerable for the educational achievement of children under his or her instruction to a principal nominated, or an officer designated by, the chief executive officer;\t(e)\tto supervise children and to maintain proper order and discipline on their part;\t(f)\tto carry out administrative duties to meet organizational requirements relevant to the teacher’s functions; and\t(g)\tto perform any other prescribed function assigned by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tThe functions set out in subsection (1) have effect subject to — \t(a)\tthis Act; and\t(b)\tthe instructions of the chief executive officer.206.\tCurriculum and enrolment \t(1)\tSections 67 and 68 have effect as if the references in those sections to government schools included community kindergartens.\t(2)\tThe enrolment of a child at a community kindergarten is to be in accordance with the regulations.207.\tLimitation on fees for instruction and charges \t(1)\tExcept as provided by this section, no fee or charge may be imposed or collected for the cost of providing an educational programme of a community kindergarten.\t(2)\tRegulations may be made providing for charges that may be made for — \t(a)\tmaterials provided in an educational programme of a community kindergarten; and\t(b)\tservices or facilities for use in, or associated with the provision of, an educational programme of a community kindergarten.\t(3)\tRegulations may provide for the manner of determining a charge, the kind of charge that is able to be charged for the purposes of this section, the limits of such charges and any other matter relevant to such charges and their recovery.[208.\tHas not come into operation .]209.\tDealing with persons disrupting community kindergarten premises and dissemination of certain information on community kindergarten premises \t\tSections 120 and 121 have effect as if the references in those sections — \t(a)\tto a government school included a community kindergarten; and\t(b)\tto a principal included a principal or an officer referred to in section 205(1)(d).210.\tChief executive officer may allocate moneys \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may, in accordance with the regulations, allocate moneys that have been appropriated by Parliament for the purpose of assisting community kindergartens.\t(2)\tMoneys may only be allocated under this section in respect of children who are — \t(a)\tentitled to reside permanently in Australia; or\t(b)\tmembers of a class of children prescribed by the regulations.\t(3)\tRegulations may be made providing for the allocation of moneys referred to in subsection (1).211.\tAccountability \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may require a governing body to furnish to the chief executive officer a report as to the application of moneys provided under this Part.\t(2)\tIf — \t(a)\tthe governing body fails to furnish any report required by the chief executive officer; or\t(b)\tany condition, limitation or restriction on the use of moneys is not complied with, \t\tthe chief executive officer may recover the moneys as a debt in a court of competent jurisdiction.212.\tRegulations \t\tRegulations may be made for the regulation and control of community kindergartens.Part 6 — Administration What this Part is aboutThis Part deals with — the functions and powers of the Minister including the power of delegation (Division 1);a department of the public service, and its chief executive officer, to assist the Minister in the administration of the Act, other than Part 4 (which is about non-government schools) (Division 2);the appointment, management and discipline of teaching staff and non-teaching staff (Division 3);the establishment of panels to advise on aspects of the operation of the Act (Division 4).Division 1 — The Minister 213.\t\t\tIn this Division — \t“property” means property of every kind, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, corporeal or incorporeal, and any interest in property.214.\tMinister to be body corporate \t(1)\tFor the purposes of this Act the Minister is a body corporate with the name “Minister for Education”.\t(2)\tThe corporate identity of the body corporate referred to in subsection (1) is the same as that continued by section 5 of the Act repealed by section 246 and the continuation of the corporate identity is not affected by the repeal.\t(3)\tThe Minister — \t(a)\thas perpetual succession;\t(b)\tis to have a common seal; and\t(c)\tmay sue and be sued in the Minister’s corporate name.215.\tProperty vested in Minister \t\tProperty acquired or held for the purposes of this Act is vested in the Minister.216.\tPowers of Minister \t(1)\tThe Minister may do all things necessary or convenient to be done for the purpose of furthering the best interests of students and educational programmes in government schools.\t(2)\tWithout limiting subsection (1) the Minister may for the purpose mentioned — \t(a)\tacquire, hold, manage, improve, develop and dispose of property or an interest in property;\t(b)\taccept any gift, devise or bequest if it is absolute or subject to conditions to which the Minister agrees;\t(c)\tsubject to section 217, participate in any business arrangement and acquire, hold and dispose of shares, units or other interests in, or relating to, a business arrangement;\t(d)\tallow persons to undertake advertising or sponsorship, of the kind and to the extent that is authorised by regulations, in connection with educational activities in government schools;\t(e)\tenter into any contract or arrangement;\t(f)\tturn to account any resource or intellectual property that is vested in the Minister;\t(g)\tapply for, hold, exploit and dispose of any patent, patent rights, design rights, copyright, trademark or similar rights; and\t(h)\tuse the expertise and resources of the department to provide consultancy, advisory or other services for profit.\t(3)\tThe Minister may for the purpose of furthering education whether in the government or non-government schools — \t(a)\tact as trustee of any trust for educational purposes; or\t(b)\tgrant allowances, awards and scholarships.\t(4)\tIn exercising any power under this section the Minister may act in conjunction with — \t(a)\tany person or firm, or a public authority; or\t(b)\tany department of the Public Service or any agency of the State or the Commonwealth.\t(5)\tAn agreement or arrangement for advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school is not to be entered into by the principal of the school acting — \t(a)\tin exercise of the power conferred by subsection (2)(d); and\t(b)\tas the subdelegate of the Minister under section 225,\t\tunless the Council for that school has approved the agreement or arrangement.\t(6)\tIn subsection (2) — \t“acquire” includes taking on lease or licence or in any other manner in which an interest in property may be acquired;\t“business arrangement” means a company, a partnership, a trust, a joint venture, or an arrangement for sharing profits;\t“dispose of” includes dispose of by way of lease;\t“participate” includes form, promote, establish, enter, manage, dissolve, wind up, and do anything incidental to participating in a business arrangement.217.\tTreasurer to consider proposals under section 216(2)(c) \t(1)\tBefore the Minister exercises any power conferred by section 216(2)(c) he or she is to — \t(a)\tnotify the Treasurer of the proposal; and \t(b)\tseek the Treasurer’s approval to it,\t\tunless it is of a kind that the Treasurer has determined in writing need not be so notified.\t(2)\tIf the Treasurer approves the proposal, he or she may impose requirements to be complied with by the Minister in connection with it.\t(3)\tThe Treasurer may also give directions to be complied with generally by the Minister in the exercise of the powers referred to in subsection (1).218.\tLicences for use of certain property \t(1)\tThis section applies to a licence granted by the Minister to a person for the use of tangible property that is vested in the Minister.\t(2)\tA licence to which this section applies — \t(a)\tmust be in writing;\t(b)\tis not to be granted for more than the allowed period but may at the Minister’s option be renewed once or more than once for a period or successive periods, each not exceeding the allowed period;\t(c)\tmay provide for a payment to be made by the licensee in connection with the use of the property;\t(d)\tmay provide for an amount of money to be paid by the licensee as security for the performance of the licensee’s obligations under the licence; and\t(e)\tis otherwise to be on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Minister thinks fit.\t(3)\tThe use of property in respect of which a licence to which this section applies is not limited to the purposes of school education but the use must not interfere with the normal operations of any school to which the property relates.\t(4)\tA licence for the use of tangible property that is vested in the Minister is not to be granted if the use of the property would adversely affect the safety or welfare of students, teaching staff or other persons employed at any school to which the property relates.\t(5)\tIn subsection (2)(b) — \t“allowed period” means — \t(a)\tin the case of a licence granted by the Minister, 5 years; or\t(b)\tin the case of a licence granted by a subdelegate of the Minister acting under section 225, 2 years.219.\tLicences for community use of certain property \t(1)\tThis section applies if a licence to which section 218 applies (“the licence”) is granted to give effect to arrangements entered into by the Minister with a local government — \t(a)\tto enable tangible property vested in the Minister to be used by the community for purposes that do not interfere with the normal operations of a school; and\t(b)\tto provide for the management and control of such use.\t(2)\tIf this section applies, section 218(2)(b) does not apply to the licence.\t(3)\tIf this section applies, the licence may provide for — \t(a)\tthe establishment, composition, powers and duties of a management committee to manage and control the use of the property in accordance with the licence;\t(b)\ta payment to be made to the Minister by the local government by way of contribution towards the costs incurred in the provision of the facilities; and\t(c)\tthe appointment and remuneration of staff with respect to the use of the land and facilities.220.\tWhen school fund to receive money paid under certain licences \t\tWhere — \t(a)\ta licence to which section 218 applies — \t(i)\trelates to property in respect of a particular school; and\t(ii)\trequires an amount of money to be paid in accordance with section 218(2)(c) or (d);\t\tand\t(b)\tthe licence is granted by a subdelegate of the Minister acting under section 225 and the subdelegation expressly states that this section is to apply,\t\tsubject to section 111(4), the money is to be credited to the General Purposes Fund of the school in accordance with section 112(1)(d).221.\tWhen school fund to receive money paid for advertising or sponsorship \t(1)\tWhere — \t(a)\tan agreement or arrangement for advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school is entered into by the principal of the school acting — \t(i)\tin exercise of the power conferred by section 216(2)(d); and \t(ii)\tas the subdelegate of the Minister under section 225; and\t(b)\tthe subdelegation expressly states that this section is to apply,\t\tany money payable for the advertising or sponsorship is to be credited to the General Purposes Fund of the school in accordance with section 112(1)(d).\t(2)\tThe Minister is to ensure that a subdelegation does not state that this section is to apply unless the application of the section in the particular case is in accordance with the fair distribution across government schools of the benefits of advertising and sponsorship.222.\tPower to exempt \t(1)\tThe Minister may, by order published in the Government Gazette — \t(a)\texempt a school or class of schools — \t(i)\tfrom the provisions of this Act that are specified in the order; and\t(ii)\tfor a period not exceeding 3 years as specified in the order;\t(b)\tamend or repeal an order made under paragraph (a); and\t(c)\trenew an order made under paragraph (a) for a one year period only by making the order to renew at least 6 months before the original order expires.\t(2)\tAn exemption given for the purposes of this section is of no effect at any time when a condition imposed in relation to the exemption is being contravened.\t(3)\tSection 42 of the Interpretation Act 1984 applies to an order, the amendment or repeal of an order or the renewal of an order under subsection (1) as if the order were regulations within the meaning of that Act, except that the reference in section 42(1) of that Act to 6 sitting days is, for the purposes of its application to the order, to be construed as a reference to 9 sitting days.\t(4)\tThe Minister is to ensure that the reasons in support of an order, the amendment or repeal of an order or the renewal of an order under subsection (1) are laid before each House of Parliament in accordance with section 42 of the Interpretation Act 1984 as it applies under subsection (3) of this section.223.\tReview by Minister \t(1)\tA person who is aggrieved by a decision — \t(a)\tmade by any person performing a function for the purposes of school education; and\t(b)\tconcerning an individual student,\t\tmay, in addition to any other right under this Act to have the decision reviewed, request the Minister to review the procedure by which the decision was made.\t(2)\tThe Minister may, but is not obliged to, conduct a review under this section.\t(3)\tIf, on a review under this section, the Minister is of the opinion that — \t(a)\tthe decision was made without compliance with the applicable procedure; \t(b)\tthe procedure by which the decision was made was unfair, defective or inadequate; or\t(c)\tthe information available to the person who made the decision was inadequate,\t\tthe Minister may recommend that the person who made the decision review the procedure or reconsider the decision and may recommend the procedure or information that the Minister thinks is appropriate for that review or reconsideration.\t(4)\tThe regulations may regulate the practice and procedure of reviews under this section.\t(5)\tNothing in this section affects the jurisdiction that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administrative Investigations has under the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1971.224.\tDelegation \t(1)\tThe Minister may, by instrument, delegate to the chief executive officer the performance of any of the Minister’s functions except those under section 54, 168, 201, 222 or 223.\t(2)\tSubsection (1) has effect subject to sections 11(6) and 21(2).\t(3)\tA delegation may be general or as otherwise provided by the instrument of delegation.\t(4)\tWhere the chief executive officer performs a function of the Minister he or she is to be taken to do so in accordance with the terms of a delegation under this section, unless the contrary is shown.\t(5)\tPerformance of a function by the chief executive officer under this section is to be treated as performance by the Minister.225.\tSubdelegation \t(1)\tThe Minister may, in an instrument by which a function is delegated to the chief executive officer under section 224, authorise the chief executive officer to subdelegate that function to — \t(a)\ta specified officer; or\t(b)\tthe holder or holders for the time being of a specified office or class of office.\t(2)\tApart from subsection (1), a delegation under section 224 does not include the power to subdelegate.\t(3)\tSection 59 of the Interpretation Act 1984 applies to a subdelegation under this section in the same way as it applies to a delegation.\t(4)\tIn this section — \t“officer” means a person who comes within a class referred to in section 235(1), and “office” has a corresponding meaning.226.\tDocuments presumed duly executed \t\tWhen a document is produced bearing a seal purporting to be the common seal of the Minister, it is to be presumed until the contrary is shown that the seal is the seal of the Minister and has been duly affixed.227.\tAccountability under this Division \t\tAny acts or things done by the Minister under this Division are to be regarded — \t(a)\tas services under the control of the department for the purposes of section 52 of the Financial Management Act 2006; and\t(b)\tas operations of the department for the purposes of Part 5 of that Act.\t[Section 227 amended by No. 77 of 2006 s. 17.]Division 2 — The department 228.\tDepartment \t\tThere is to be a department of the Public Service with a function of principally assisting the Minister in the administration of this Act, other than in relation to — \t(a)\tPart 4; and\t(b)\tthe application of any other provision of this Act to students enrolled at non-government schools.229.\tChief executive officer \t\tReferences in this Act, other than Part 4, to the chief executive officer are, unless a contrary intention appears, references to the chief executive officer appointed for the department under section 45 of the Public Sector Management Act 1994.230.\tDelegation by chief executive officer \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may, by instrument, delegate to an officer the performance of any of the functions conferred on the chief executive officer by this Act except this power of delegation.\t(2)\tA delegation may be general or as otherwise provided by the instrument of delegation.\t(3)\tWhere an officer performs a function of the chief executive officer he or she is to be taken to do so in accordance with the terms of a delegation under this section, unless the contrary is shown.\t(4)\tPerformance of a function by an officer under this section is to be treated as performance by the chief executive officer.\t(5)\tIn this section — \t“officer” means a person who comes within a class referred to in section 235(1).231.\tMinister may give directions to the chief executive officer \t\tThe Minister may give directions in writing of a general nature to the chief executive officer with respect to the performance of the chief executive officer’s functions under this Act but the Minister cannot give a direction in relation to a particular person.232.\tChief executive officer may give directions to a principal \t\tThe chief executive officer may give directions in writing to the principal of a government school with respect to the performance of the principal’s functions under this Act, either generally or in relation to a particular matter, and the principal is to give effect to any such direction.233.\tCEO’s Instructions \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may prepare and issue instructions (“CEO’s Instructions”) to be observed by persons performing functions in the department.\t(2)\tThe CEO’s Instructions must not be inconsistent with this Act. \t(3)\tSections 9, 10, 15, 43(4) and 43(7) to (9) of the Interpretation Act 1984 apply to the CEO’s Instructions as if they were regulations.\t(4)\tA breach of the CEO’s Instructions committed by a person is not to be an offence but is to be treated for the purposes of paragraph (a) of section 80 of the Public Sector Management Act 1994 (including that paragraph as applied by section 239) as the disobedience by that person of a lawful order.Division 3 — Staff employed in the department 234.\t\t\tIn this Division — \t“other officers” means officers referred to in section 235(1)(c);\t“teaching staff” means teaching staff referred to in section 235(1)(b);\t“the PSMA” means the Public Sector Management Act 1994.235.\tCategories of staff \t(1)\tTo enable the functions of the department to be performed persons are to be employed in the department — \t(a)\tas public service officers appointed or made available under Part 3 of the PSMA;\t(b)\tas members of the teaching staff;\t(c)\tas other officers; or\t(d)\tas wages staff.\t(2)\tA person is not to be employed as a member of the teaching staff unless the person holds a qualification recognized by the chief executive officer as being an appropriate qualification.\t(3)\tSubsection (1) does not affect the power of the chief executive officer to engage a person under a contract for services under section 100 of the PSMA.236.\tProvisions applicable to teaching staff, other officers and wages staff \t(1)\tPart 3 of the PSMA does not apply to the teaching staff, other officers and wages staff.\t(2)\tThe powers to engage, transfer, promote and otherwise manage the members of the teaching staff, other officers and wages staff are vested in the chief executive officer. \t(3)\tThe terms and conditions of service of members of the teaching staff, other officers and wages staff are to be — \t(a)\tin accordance with any relevant industrial award, order or agreement; and\t(b)\tnot less than those provided for by the Minimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993.\t(4)\tMembers of the teaching staff and other officers may be engaged — \t(a)\ton a full-time or part-time basis; and\t(b)\tfor an indefinite period as permanent officers, or for a period not exceeding 5 years.\t(5)\tNothing in this section affects the operation of Part VID of the Industrial Relations Act 1979. \t(6)\tFor the avoidance of doubt it is declared that members of the teaching staff, other officers and wages staff are employed for and on behalf of the Crown.\t[Section 236 amended by No. 20 of 2002 s. 27; amended in Gazette 15 Aug 2003 p. 3692.]237.\tClassification of teaching staff \t\tWithout limiting section 29(1)(h) of the PSMA the teaching staff is to consist of the following classes — \t(a)\tschool administrators, that is — \t(i)\tprincipals; and\t(ii)\tany other office or position, or class of office or position, prescribed by the regulations; \t(b)\tteachers other than school administrators; and\t(c)\tany other class prescribed by the regulations.238.\tTransfer of teacher to another category of employee \t(1)\tThe chief executive officer may, if he or she considers that it is in the interests of the department to do so, determine that — \t(a)\ta person who is a member of the teaching staff is to become an officer of the class mentioned in section 235(1)(a) or (c); or\t(b)\ta person who has been the subject of a determination under paragraph (a) of this subsection is to again become a member of the teaching staff.\t(2)\tExcept where section 239(2) applies, a determination under subsection (1) of this section is only to be made with the consent of the person concerned.\t(3)\tRegulations may be made in respect of the entitlement of persons who are the subject of a determination under subsection (1) to rights and benefits that had accrued or were accruing at the time when the determination took effect.239.\tTeaching staff and other officers, substandard performance and disciplinary matters \t(1)\tPart 5 of the PSMA has effect as if in that Part references to — \t(a)\tan employee included — \t(i)\ta member of the teaching staff; and \t(ii)\tan officer who comes within section 235(1)(c);\t\tand\t(b)\tan employing authority that is not the Minister (within the meaning in that Part) included references to the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tIn addition to the actions that may be taken under the provisions of sections 79(3) and 86(3)(b)(ii) of the PSMA, the chief executive officer may under those provisions make a determination under section 238(1)(a) in respect of a member of the teaching staff.\t(3)\tWithout limiting section 80 of the PSMA, a contravention of this Act is to be taken to be a breach of discipline for the purposes of that section.240.\tEmployee may be ordered to leave school premises \t(1)\tIf the chief executive officer suspects — \t(a)\tthat a person employed at the premises of a government school is guilty of an act or omission that comes within section 80 of the PSMA (whether or not that section applies to the person); and\t(b)\tthat the continued presence of the person on the school premises constitutes a risk to the safety or welfare of students on the premises,\t\tthe chief executive officer may, by order in writing given to the person, require him or her to leave the school premises and remain away — \t(c)\tuntil — \t(i)\tin the case of a member of the wages staff, any relevant procedures have been followed; or\t(ii)\tin the case of other staff proceedings against the person are terminated (within the meaning of section 82(2) of the PSMA); or\t(d)\tuntil the order is sooner revoked.\t(2)\tThe chief executive officer is to ensure that written reasons for issuing an order under subsection (1) are provided with the order.\t(3)\tA person must comply with an order given to him or her under subsection (1).\tPenalty: $5 000.\t(4)\tThe power conferred by this section is in addition to the powers in Part 5 of the PSMA.\t[Section 240 amended by No. 50 of 2003 s. 94(2).]Division 4 — Advisory panels 241.\tAdvisory panels \t(1)\tWithout limiting section 39, 87 or 93 the Minister may establish advisory panels for the purposes of this Act.\t(2)\tThe Minister is to determine — \t(a)\tprovisions for the membership, constitution, procedures and discharge of an advisory panel; and\t(b)\tin what circumstances and on what matters the panel is to advise.\t(3)\tThe members of an advisory panel are to be persons who have such experience, skills, attributes or qualifications as the Minister considers appropriate to enable them to effectively perform their advisory function.\t(4)\tSubject to this section, an advisory panel may determine its own procedure.\t(5)\tIn performing its functions in relation to a particular child or student, or class of children or students, an advisory panel may have regard to the social, cultural, lingual, economic or geographic factors, or learning difficulties, that might be relevant to the matter before the panel.\t(6)\tThe Minister is to ensure that each advisory panel is provided with such support services as it may reasonably require.\t(7)\tThe Minister may — \t(a)\tdirect that some or all of the members of an advisory panel are to be paid remuneration or allowances or both; and\t(b)\tdetermine the amount of any such payments on the recommendation of the Minister for Public Sector Management.Part 7 — Miscellaneous What this Part is aboutThis Part deals with — the requirement of confidentiality (section 242);who can take legal proceedings (section 243);the regulations required for carrying out the Act (section 244);a review of the Act after 5 years (section 245);the repeal of the Education Act 1928 and the transition from that Act to the new Act (section 246 and Schedule 1).242.\tConfidentiality \t(1)\tA person must not disclose or make use of information to which this section applies except — \t(a)\tin the course of duty;\t(b)\tfor the purpose of proceedings for an offence against this Act; \t(c)\tunder and in accordance with this Act or any other law; \t(d)\twith the authority of the Minister or all persons to whom the information relates; or\t(e)\tin other prescribed circumstances.\tPenalty: $5 000.\t(2)\tThis section applies to information contained in any register or document of or in the possession or under the control of — \t(a)\tthe Minister;\t(b)\tthe chief executive officer or the chief executive officer referred to in section 151, as is relevant to the case;\t(c)\tthe department or the department referred to in section 228, as is relevant to the case; \t(d)\tthe principal of a government school; or\t(e)\ta panel appointed for the purposes of this Act.\t[Section 242 amended by No. 50 of 2003 s. 94(2).]243.\tLegal proceedings \t(1)\tAny proceedings for an offence under this Act, other than for an offence under section 45, and any proceedings under section 106 may be taken in the name of the chief executive officer or a person authorised in that behalf by the chief executive officer.\t(2)\tIn any proceedings no proof is required of — \t(a)\tthe appointment of the chief executive officer; or\t(b)\tthe authorisation of a person under subsection (1),\t\tbut an averment in a prosecution notice that the person is so appointed or authorised is to be taken to be proved in the absence of evidence to the contrary.\t(3)\tSubsection (1) does not limit the ability of a person to commence or conduct the prosecution of an offence if the person has authority at law to do so.\t[Section 243 amended by No. 84 of 2004 s. 80.] 244.\tRegulations \t(1)\tThe Governor may make regulations prescribing all matters that are required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed, or are necessary or convenient to be prescribed, for carrying out, or giving effect to the purposes of, this Act.\t(2)\tWithout limiting subsection (1) the regulations may — \t(a)\tcreate offences punishable by a fine not exceeding $2 000;\t(b)\tconfer power on the Minister to grant exemptions from provisions of the regulations, and to impose conditions subject to which an exemption applies; and\t(c)\tregulate the practice and procedure of advisory panels established by or under this Act.\t(3)\tRegulations for the purposes of section 216(2)(d) may provide for — \t(a)\tthe duration of an agreement or arrangement for advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school;\t(b)\tnaming rights in relation to advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school;\t(c)\tthe means of ensuring that advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school does not interfere with the normal operations of the school; and\t(d)\tthe extent to which teaching materials may be involved in advertising or sponsorship in relation to a government school.245.\tReview of Act \t(1)\tThe Minister is to carry out a review of the operation and effectiveness of this Act not later than 5 years after its commencement.\t(2)\tThe Minister is to prepare a report based on the review carried out under subsection (1) and, as soon as practicable after that preparation, is to cause that report to be laid before each House of Parliament.246.\tRepeal, savings and transitional \t(1)\tThe Education Act 1928 is repealed.\t(2)\tThe Education Regulations 1960 are repealed.\t(3)\tThe School Premises Regulations 1981 are repealed.\t(4)\tSchedule 1 has effect to make transitional provisions.Schedule 1 — Transitional provisions [Section 246(4)]\t\tIn this Schedule — \t“commencement” means the commencement of this Act;\t“repealed Act” means the Education Act 1928.2.\tInterpretation Act 1984 not affected \t\tThe provisions of this Schedule do not affect the application of the Interpretation Act 1984 to and in relation to the — \t(a)\trepeal effected by section 246; or\t(b)\tany other aspect of the operation of this Act.3.\tProperty vested in Minister \t\tAll property that immediately before the commencement is vested in the Minister under section 6 of the repealed Act is, on the commencement, vested in the Minister for the purposes of section 215.4.\tDelegations under section 6AA \t\tA delegation under section 6AA of the repealed Act that is in force immediately before the commencement is to be taken on the commencement to be a delegation under section 224.5.\tAgreements and licences under section 6A \t\tAn arrangement entered into, and a licence granted, under section 6A of the repealed Act that are in force immediately before the commencement are to be taken on the commencement to be respectively — \t(a)\tan arrangement entered into under section 219; and\t(b)\ta licence to give effect to that arrangement granted in terms of subsection (2) of that section.6.\tLicences under section 6B \t(1)\tSection 218(3) applies to a licence under section 6B of the repealed Act for the use of tangible property vested in the Minister that is in force immediately before the commencement.\t(2)\tSection 220 applies to a licence referred to in subclause (1) if immediately before the commencement it came within section 6C of the repealed Act.7.\tStaff \t(1)\tA person — \t(a)\tappointed by the Minister as a teacher in the Education Department under section 7(2) of the repealed Act; and\t(b)\tholding office as such immediately before the commencement,\t\tis to be taken on the commencement to have been engaged as a member of the teaching staff under section 236(2).\t(2)\tA person — \t(a)\tappointed by the Minister as an employee (other than as a teacher) in the Education Department under section 7(2) of the repealed Act; and\t(b)\temployed under that section immediately before the commencement,\t\tis to be taken on the commencement to have been engaged as an officer (not being a member of the teaching staff) referred to in section 236(2).\t(3)\tThe operation of this clause in relation to a person’s employment does not — \t(a)\taffect the person’s remuneration or terms and conditions of employment;\t(b)\tprejudice the person’s existing or accruing rights;\t(c)\taffect any rights under a superannuation scheme; or\t(d)\tinterrupt continuity of service.8.\tInquiries under section 7C \t(1)\tIf before the commencement an inquiry under section 7C(3) of the repealed Act has begun in relation to a teacher, the inquiry may continue and be completed and — \t(a)\tthe chief executive officer may exercise powers under the section; and\t(b)\tthe section otherwise applies,\t\tin relation to the teacher as if the section had not been repealed.\t(2)\tFor the purposes of subsection (1) an inquiry has begun under section 7C(3) if the chief executive officer has in writing requested a person to hold the inquiry. 9.\tEnrolments \t(1)\tThe enrolment of a student at a government school that has effect immediately before the commencement is to be taken as an enrolment under this Act.\t(2)\tSubclause (1) applies whether or not the enrolment is in accordance with Division 4 of Part 3, but does not limit the exercise of the powers in section 20, 83 or 92(6).10.\tGovernment schools \t(1)\tA government school that immediately before the commencement is in existence as a primary school or a secondary school under section 9 of the repealed Act is to be taken on the commencement to have been established under section 55 with the same classification.\t(2)\tIf, within 6 months of the commencement, the chief executive officer declares a government school to be a local-intake school the area for the purposes of section 60(1)(b) in relation to the school is to be taken to be the area described in relation to the school in a notice under section 21(2) of the repealed Act, unless the chief executive officer otherwise defines the area.11.\tEfficient schools \t(1)\tA school that immediately before the commencement is registered in the register of efficient schools under section 32B of the repealed Act is to be taken on the commencement to be registered under section 160.\t(2)\tIf a school referred to in subclause (1) is included in an order under section 169 it is to be taken to be registered as a system school for the purposes of section 156(2).\t(3)\tSubject to Part 4, the registration provided for by subclause (1) continues in force for 3 years from the commencement.12.\tCertain existing pre-school centres continued as registered schools \t(1)\tA pre-school centre — \t(a)\tfor which a permit was in force under Part VIA of the repealed Act immediately before the commencement; and\t(b)\twhich does not have on its staff any employee who comes within a class referred to in section 235(1),\t\tis to be taken after the commencement to be registered under section 160 as a non-system school as if the permit were a certificate of registration under section 162.\t(2)\tSubject to Part 4, the registration provided for by subclause (1) continues in force for 3 years from the commencement.13.\tCertain existing care-centres and pre-school centres continued \t(1)\tA care-centre or a pre-school centre — \t(a)\tfor which a permit was in force under Part VIA of the repealed Act immediately before the repeal; and\t(b)\twhich has on its staff any employee who comes within a class referred to in section 235(1),\t\tmay continue in operation, but is to be known as a community kindergarten.\t(2)\tA permit referred to in subclause (1) continues in force as a registration under Part 5.\t(3)\tDespite sections 192 and 199(1)(a), a child may attend a community kindergarten continued by this clause in a year other than the first year of the child’s pre-compulsory education period until 1 January 2001. [14.\tRepealed by No. 43 of 2000 s. 62.]15.\tNotices under section 9A \t(1)\tA notice under section 9A(2) of the repealed Act that is in force immediately before the commencement is to be taken on the commencement to be an order under section 183.\t(2)\tGuidelines referred to in section 9A(5)(b) of the repealed Act that are in operation immediately before the commencement continue in operation after the commencement for the purposes of section 184(b).16.\tBank account \t\tA bank account that immediately before the commencement is an approved account for the purposes of section 9B(5)(b) of the repealed Act is to be taken on the commencement to have been approved for the purposes of section 113(1).17.\tRegistration for home education \t\tA decision under section 14(a) of the repealed Act (that the instruction of a child at home is efficient) that is in force immediately before the commencement is to be taken on the commencement to be a registration under section 48.18.\tDirections under section 20A \t\tA direction under section 20A of the repealed Act that is in force immediately before the commencement continues in force despite the repeal but may at any time be revoked by the chief executive officer.19.\tSuspension and exclusion of students \t(1)\tA suspension under section 20G(1) of the repealed Act that is in force immediately before the commencement is to be taken on the commencement to be a suspension under section 90.\t(2)\tIf before the commencement a recommendation has been made under section 20G(2) of the repealed Act but no determination has been made by the Minister, the recommendation is to be treated after the commencement as if it had been made to the chief executive officer under section 92(1).\t(3)\tAn order under section 20G(4) of the repealed Act that is in force immediately before the commencement — \t(a)\tis to be taken on the commencement to be an order made by the chief executive officer under section 92(6); and\t(b)\tmay be revoked or amended under section 94(3).20.\tSchool decision-making groups \t(1)\tA school decision-making group for a government school that immediately before the commencement is in existence under Part VA of the repealed Act is to be taken on the commencement to be the Council established for the school under section 125.\t(2)\tRegulations may be made under section 244 providing for — \t(a)\tthe way in which matters relating to Councils referred to in subclause (1) are to be changed so that they conform to the requirements of Subdivision 1 of Division 8 of Part 3; and \t(b)\tthe time by which those changes are to be made.21.\tParents and Citizens’ Associations \t\tA Parents and Citizens’ Association for a government school or group of schools that immediately before the commencement is in existence under Part VI of the repealed Act is to be taken on the commencement to be the Parents and Citizens’ Association formed for the school or group of schools under section 142.22.\tTransitional on repeal of Industrial Relations Act 1979 s. 23B \t\tAn appeal in respect of any matter referred to in section 23B(1)(a), (b) or (c) of the Industrial Relations Act 1979 arising before the commencement of this Act may be — \t(a)\tdetermined;\t(b)\theard and determined; or\t(c)\tinstituted, heard and determined,\t\tas the case requires, under the Industrial Relations Act 1979 as if section 23B of that Act had not been repealed by this Act.23.\tTransitional regulations \t(1)\tIf there is no sufficient provision in this Schedule for dealing with a matter that needs to be dealt with for the purpose of the transition from the repealed Act to this Act, regulations may prescribe all matters that are required or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for dealing with the matter.\t(2)\tRegulations under subclause (1) may provide that specific provisions of this Act or of subsidiary legislation made under this Act — \t(a)\tdo not apply; or\t(b)\tapply with or without specified modifications,\t\tto or in relation to any matter or thing.\t(3)\tRegulations under subclause (1) may have effect before the day on which they are published in the Government Gazette.\t(4)\tTo the extent that a regulation under subclause (1) has effect before the day of its publication in the Government Gazette, it does not — \t(a)\taffect in a manner prejudicial to any person (other than the State), the rights of that person existing before the day of its publication; or\t(b)\timpose liabilities on any person (other than the State) in respect of anything done or omitted to be done before the day of its publication.[Schedule 2 omitted under the Reprints Act 1984 s. 7(4)(e).]Notes1\tThis is a compilation of the School Education Act 1999 and includes the amendments made by the other written laws referred to in the following table 1a.  The table also contains information about any reprint.Compilation table1a\tOn the date as at which this  was prepared, provisions referred to in the following table had not come into operation and were therefore not included in   For the text of the provisions see the  referred to in the table.Provisions that have not come into operation\tOn the date as at which this  was prepared, the School Education Act 1999 s. 182(3) and 208 had not come into operation.  They read as follows:“182.\tMinister may allocate moneys\t\t………………..\t(3)\tIn the case of moneys appropriated for distribution according to the number of students at a school, account may only be taken of students who are in their pre-compulsory, compulsory or post-compulsory education periods and are — \t(a)\tentitled to reside permanently in Australia; or\t(b)\tmembers of a class of students prescribed by the regulations.208.\tManagement and control of community kindergarten premises\t\tRegulations made under section 119(2)(a), (b), (f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) have effect as if the references in those paragraphs — \t(a)\tto school premises included community kindergarten premises; and\t(b)\tto school officials included teaching staff and other persons appointed under section 236(2) who are employed at a community kindergarten.”.\tThe Acts Amendment (Higher School Leaving Age and Related Provisions) Act 2005 s. 4(2) reads as follows:“\t(2)\tWhen the meaning of “compulsory education period” changes by operation of section 6(b) of the School Education Act 1999 (inserted by subsection (1)), the change extends to the compulsory education period for a child which, but for the change, would have ended on 31 December 2005.”.\tOn the date as at which this  was prepared, the Acts Amendment (Higher School Leaving Age and Related Provisions) Act 2005 Pt. 2 Div. 3 had not come into operation.  It reads as follows:“Division 3 — Amendments consequential on those in Division 25.\tSection 4 amended\t\tSection 4 is amended by deleting the definition of “post-compulsory education period”.6.\tSection 7 repealed\t\tSection 7 is repealed.7.\tSection 80 repealed\t\tSection 80 is repealed.8.\tSection 81 amended\t\tSection 81(1) is amended by deleting “post-compulsory” and inserting instead — \t\t“    compulsory    ”.9.\tSection 82 amended\t\tSection 82(2) is amended by deleting “, 79 or 80” and inserting instead — \t\t“    or 79    ”.10.\tSection 95 amended\t\tSection 95(1)(a) is amended by deleting “80 or”.11.\tSection 97 amended\t(1)\tSection 97 is amended in the definition of “adult student” by deleting “post-compulsory” and inserting instead — \t\t“    compulsory    ”.\t(2)\tSection 97 is amended by deleting the definition of “extra cost optional component” and inserting instead — “    \t“extra cost optional component” means an optional component of a government school’s educational programme having a cost that is not incorporated into the determination of the school’s charges or contributions under section 99 because of the high cost associated with the provision of that optional component before the end of a child’s compulsory education period;    ”.12.\tSection 154 amended\t\tSection 154(1) is amended as follows:\t(a)\tby inserting after paragraph (a) — \t\t“    or    ”;\t(b)\tin paragraph (b) by deleting “; or” and inserting a comma instead;\t(c)\tby deleting paragraph (c).13.\tSection 156 amended\t\tSection 156(3) is repealed and the following subsection is inserted instead — “    \t(3)\tA school is to be registered as providing educational programmes of a general or any specified kind for one or both of the following — \t(a)\teducation for children in their pre-compulsory education period or for any specified part of that period;\t(b)\teducation for children in their compulsory education period or for any specified part of that period.    ”.”.\n\n请概述西澳大利亚学校教育法1999中关于强制入学的规定。它规定了哪些年龄段的儿童必须入学?家长和学生有哪些责任?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "f1a5eef5a20e4c14af9b99506c8ecb6b", "conversation_index": 184864, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 981, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Holding, Number of shares, NAME_1 price/ Average price per share ($), Client investment ($), Cost basis ($), Price per share on Feb 28 ($), Value on Feb 28 ($), Unrealized (tax) gain or loss ($), Investment return ($), Holding period\nFEDERATED NAME_2, , , , , , , , ,\nSTRATEGIC VALUE DIVIDEND, , , , , , , , ,\nFUND IS, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: SVAIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 1366.279, 5.160, 7050.00, 7050.00, 6.110, 8347.96, 1297.96, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.410, 5.678, , 326.02, 6.110, 350.77, 24.75, ,\nEAI: $313 Current yield: 3.60%\nSecurity total, 1423.689, 5.181, 7050.00, 7376.02, , 8698.73, 1322.71, 1648.73,\nO'SHAUGHNESSY MARKET LEADERS VALUE FUND CLASS, , , , , , , , ,\nI, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: OFVIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Feb 4 21, 470.628, 14.979, 7050.00, 7050.00, 17.710, 8334.81, 1284.81, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 8.717, 17.859, , 155.68, 17.710, 154.38, -1.30, ,\nEAI: $159 Current yield: 1.87%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 479.345, 15.032, 7050.00, 7205.68, , 8489.19, 1283.51, 1439.19,\nPACE portfolio total, , , $14100.00, $14581.70, , $17187.92, $2606.22, $3087.92,\nNAME_3 MULTI-STRATEGY, , , , , , , , ,\nINCOME FUND CLASS INSTL, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: ANGIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 2408.841, 10.179, 24522.00, 24522.00, 10.110, 24353.38, -168.62, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 155.558, 10.351, , 1610.26, 10.110, 1572.69, -37.57, ,\nEAI: $1220 Current yield: 4.71%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 2564.399, 10.190, 24522.00, 26132.26, , 25926.07, -206.19, 1404.07,\nNAME_4 & NAME_5 PREFERRED, , , , , , , , ,\nSEC & INC FUND I, , , , , , , , ,\nSymbol: CPXIX, , , , , , , , ,\nTrade date: Sep 23 20, 740.474, 13.910, 10300.00, 10300.00, 13.330, 9870.51, -429.49, , LT\nTotal reinvested, 57.946, 14.199, , 822.81, 13.330, 772.42, -50.39, ,\nEAI: $539 Current yield: 5.06%, , , , , , , , ,\nSecurity total, 798.420, 13.931, 10300.00, 11122.81, , 10642.93, -479.88, 342.93,'\n\nGet the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity or number of shares, the price or NAME_1 price, and the market value or value without outputting anything. Give ONLY an CSV response with the retrieved five properties for each holding where every output row is a unique security and not a total."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "d312019f9a4d414cb77837dedc0091cd", "conversation_index": 376376, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1230, "prompt": "아래 내용은 시간여행이라는 책의 내용입니다. 글의 내용을 바탕으로 긴 칼럼을 작성해주세요.\n\n사람들은 몇 살 때부터 자기 혼자만의 생각을 즐기지 못하게 됐을까?\n\n깨어 있으면서도 다른 사람들의 소리를 듣지 않는, 그런 방법이 어디 없을까?\n\n나에겐 성산일출봉이었다. 그렇게 올라도 괜찮다는걸, 참지 않아도 즐길 수 있다는 것을 알게된 것이었지.\n\n혹시 이런거 생각 안 해 봤니? 네가 하기 싫은 일에 대해 말하면 하고 싶은 일을 할 수 없다는 사실 말야.\n\n반대로 말해 볼게. 네가 하고 싶은 일에 대해 말하거나, 또 하고 싶은 일을 하고 있다고 느낄 때, 어땠니, 즉시 그 일을 할 수 있었지? 하늘을 나는 일 말야.\n\n가장 중요한 것은, 하고 싶은 일을 하고 있다는 느낌이야.\n\n정말로 하고 싶은 일이 있다면, 무엇을 하고 싶으며 왜 그 일을 하고 싶은지에 대해 생각해보란 말이야 . 바로 지금 그 일을 하는 중이라고 느낄 때까지 말야. 이게 바로 네가 배운 가장 중요한 교훈이야.\n\n정말 나는 이미 내가 원하는 일을 하고 있었다. 가장 하고싶은 첫번째는 세계여행이었는데 얼라인웍스 트레블을 통해 이미 세계여행이 시작되었다. 두번째는 작가였는데 이미 논문을 통해 나의 이름으로 책이 세상에 나왔고, 이렇게 칼럼을 쓰면서 글이 모이면 책이 만들어지는 것이었다. 세번째는 선한 영향력을 끼치고 싶다는 것이었다. 에이그라운드는 사람들의 경제적 자유를 위해 각 개인에 맞게 비즈니스 시스템을 구축해주는 것 뿐만 아니라 그러한 시스템을 지속적으로 유지할 수 있도록 각 개인의 무의식적인 영역까지 교육하고 있다. 이러한 에이그라운드의 방향성은 사람을 살리고, 세우는 일이라 할 수 있기 때문에 내가 함께함으로 인해 이미 선한 영향력을 끼치는 일을 하고 있던 것이었다. \n\n고통의 사슬을 끊는 방법- 느낌으로 알 수 있다. 하기 싫은 일에 대해 생각하거나 말할 때, 항상 나쁜 감정을 갖게 된다. 고통의 사슬에서 빠져나올 수 있는 효과가 가장 빠른 방법은 감사한 마음을 가지는 것이다.\n\n1. 내가 하기 싫은 일을 알아내는 것\n2. 내가 하고 싶은 일을 결정하는 것\n3. 하고 싶은 일을 알아내자마자 실제로 그 일을 하고 있다고 느껴야 한다\n4. 내 소망을 행동으로 옮기는 단계\n\n우주에 존재하는 모든 사람들과 모든 사물은 끌림의 법칙을 따르고 있다.\n\n매 순간 나는 내가 원하는 상황을, 혹은 내가 원하지 않는 상황을 선택할 수 있다. \n\n내가 행복하거나 감사하는 마음을 가지고 다른 사람이나 사물의 긍정적인 면을 보면, 내가 원하는 상황과 조화를 이루게 된다. \n\n항상. 언제나 내 느낌을 믿어야 한다. 내 느낌이 바로 나의 길잡이다.\n\n내가 무엇에 관심을 가지느냐에 따라 내 기분이 좋아지거나 나빠지는 것이다. \n\n내가 할 일은 행복이 들어올 수 있게 나의 밸브를 열어주는 것\n\n오늘 나의 기분이 좋아지면 내일과 그 다음 날 일어날 상황도 마음에 들 것이다\n\n내 느낌과 생각이 어떻게 연결돼 있는지 이제 알겠어. 상황은 변하지 않아! 내 생각이 변하는거야.\n\n감사하는 마음은 항상 거기에 있다. 원래부터 거기에 있었다. \n\n나 자신이 행복하지 않으면 다른 사람에게도 행복을 나눠줄 수 없다\n\n내 몸은 진정한 내가 아니다. 단지 진정한 내가 재미있게 놀고 성장하고 기뻐할 수 있도록 해주는 도구일 뿐이다\n\n내 생각에 따라 내 기쁨과 고통을 선택할 수 있다는 것이다.\n\n내 주변의 상황이 내 감정을 통제하기 시작하면 난 항상 덫에 걸리게 된다. 내 느낌을 통제할 수 있도록 연습해야 한다. 그래야 내 생각도 통제하게 되고, 결국 진정한 자유를 누릴 수 있다. \n\n내 삶을 아주 소중하게 생각하면, 다른 사람들의 행동이나 말 때문에 괴로워하지 않게 될지도 몰라\n\n내가 원하지 않는 상황에 신경을 쓰면 결국 내가 원하는 상황을 거부하게 되는 것이다. 그렇기 때문에 내가 원하지 않는 상황을 구별해 내고 내가 원하는 상황을 찾아서 ‘좋아’라고 말하는 일이 가장 중요하다.\n\n내가 원하지 않는 상황을 밀어내려고 하기보다 내가 원하는 상황을 느긋하게 생각한다. 물론 말도 방향을 일러주지만, 느낌이야 말로 내가 받아들이는지 거부하는지를 가장 정확하게 알려주는 안내자다. 내가 원하는 상황에 대해 계속 이야기하면 모든 상황이 점점 좋아질 것이다.\n\n행복의 물결은 항상 나를 향해 흐르고 있다. 나는 매 순간 그 물결을 받아들이거나 거부한다. 그 물결을 받아들이거나 거부할 수 있는 사람은 오직 나 뿐이다. \n\n나는 모든 일이 순조롭게 흘러간다는 믿음을 전해야 한다. 나 자신의 선명한 경험을 많은 사람들에게 말하면 사람들은 자신이 밀어내야 할 상황은 세상에 없다는 사실을 이해하게 될것이다. 밀어내는 행위 자체가 행복을 쫓아내는 일이라는 사실도 또한 알게 될것이다."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "42905fe65f9c4b16b25ca314684910ea", "conversation_index": 492784, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1173, "prompt": "3 PRIX IMPERATRICE EUGENIE - 16 partants\n- 55000 euros - Plat - Handicap divise - 3 ans - 2400 mètres, NAME_1 à droite - Ref: +22 -                                                        1\tNAME_2 (S) AS&D.\n \tH3 \t60 \t \t12 \t1p 3p 1p 10p 7p 16p 4p 3p 12p\nSeabhac (usa)-Daraa (ire)  \n\t2\tSEA BREAKER {IRE}\t \tNAME_3 (S) HA.\n \tF3 \t60 \t \t6 \t5p 1p 2p 3p 3p\nCracksman (gb)-Harbour Of Hope (ger)  \n\t3\tGANIBET    (oeil)\t \tLUKASEK T. \tJANACKOVA KOPLIKOVA MLLE I.\n \tM3 \t60 \t \t8 \t3p 6p 7p 1p 6p 7p\nAlmanzor-Gakku  \n\t4\tMANADA\t \tDEMURO C. \tVERMEULEN (S) F.\n \tF3 \t59 \t \t11 \t4p 3p 2p 1p 12p\nAnodin (ire)-Makana (fr)  \n\t5\tWAY TO MARSEILLE    (oeil)\t \tNAME_4 (S) R.\n \tH3 \t57 \t \t5 \t16p 1p 2p 4p 3p 3p 2p 3p 2p (22) 9p 3p\nGaliway (gb)-Carchi (gb)  \n\t6\tCHERGUI\t \tHARDOUIN E. \tELARRE ALVAREZ I.\n \tH3 \t57 \t \t16 \t3p 1p 1p 2p 6p\nUltra (ire)-Briante (fr)  \n\t7\tLE TROPIC {IRE}    (oeil NAME_5)\t \tRUIS S. \tPERRET (S) N.\n \tM3 \t56.5 \t \t15 \t5p 8p 3p 5p 3p 3p 1p 7p (22) 2p 2p 6p\nTwilight NAME_6 (gb)-Exonerate (gb)  \n\t8\tBEAUTIFUL MEMORY\t \tGUYON M. \tPERRET (S) N.\n \tF3 \t56.5 \t \t1 \t1p 2p (22) 3p 2p 4p 3p 8p\nNAME_7 (ire)-Ambree (fr)  \n\t9\tTREATWOOD\t \tPLANQUE S. \tBELLANGER (S) N.\n \tH3 \t56.5 \t \t3 \t3p 1p 2p\nBirchwood (ire)-Singapore Treat (fr)  \n\t10\tRICHARD HORNIG    (oeil)\t \tLECOEUVRE C. \tVERMEULEN (S) F.\n \tM3 \t56.5 \t \t9 \t8p 1p 3p 7p 6p\nKodiac (gb)-Hawaiian Heat (ire)  \n\t11\tAIXELLENCE\t \tCRASTUS A. \tESCUDER C.\n \tF3 \t56 \t \t7 \t1p 2p 6p 4p\nMyboycharlie (ire)-Kitty D'Argos (fr)  \n\t12\tPURE POWER    (oeil NAME_5)\t \tNAME_8 M.\n \tH3 \t55.5 \t \t13 \t1p 2p 9p (22) 3p\nNAME_9 (ger)-Pure Poison (ger)  \n\t13\tANNA CARIBEA\t \tNICCO MLLE A. \tPITART M.\n \tF3 \t55 \t \t14 \t4p 4p 3p 4p 5p 10p 1p (22) 2p 8p\nBattle Of Marengo (ire)-Caribea (fr)  \n\t14\tGOLDEN RIVER    (oeil)\t \tNAME_10 (S) M.\n \tF3 \t55 \t \t10 \t1p 7p 9p (22) 1p 10p\nPedro The Great (usa)-Shiver In The River (fr)  \n\t15\tWARELIA {GER}\t \tBESNIER H. \tBOCSKAI MME C.\n \tF3 \t55 \t \t4 \t5p 2p 2p 1p 4p 8p\nReliable Man (gb)-Waikita (ger)  \n\t16\tAUTHODIDACTE\t \tNAME_11 (S) P&J.\n \tF3 \t55 \t \t2 \t1p 3p 8p 7p\nAuthorized (ire)-Vigee Le Brun (usa)                                                 A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 2 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "49cbdeb3d9b549d3b5c4d3fa5f3c1323", "conversation_index": 170189, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 930, "prompt": "what is the total amount I spent on 13 NAME_1 from the text?\nDate Transaction type and details Withdrawals Deposits Balance\n10 NAME_1 Opening balance 43,646.54\n13 NAME_1 VT SKINNY\n4835610246 Orig date 11/03/2023\n10.00 43,636.54\n13 NAME_1 VT aliexpress\n4835610246 Orig date 10/03/2023\n36.70 43,599.84\n14 NAME_1 DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 636.57 44,236.41\n22 NAME_1 DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 782.62 45,019.03\n29 NAME_1 DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 642.56 45,661.59\n03 Apr VT Star Kebab\n4835610246 Orig date 03/04/2023\n12.24 45,649.35\n05 Apr DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 670.66 46,320.01\n05 Apr VT WORLDREMITMO\n4835610246 Orig date 04/04/2023\n506.00 45,814.01\n06 Apr VT GOOGLE SERV\n4835610246 Orig date 05/04/2023\n7.50 45,806.51\n06 Apr VT COUNTDOWN AK\n4835610246 Orig date 05/04/2023\n30.07 45,776.44\n11 Apr VT GRAND CENTRA\n4835610246 Orig date 09/04/2023\n3.00 45,773.44\n11 Apr VT GRAND CENTRA\n4835610246 Orig date 09/04/2023\n3.00 45,770.44\n11 Apr VT NZ TRANSPORT\n4835610246 Orig date 06/04/2023\n102.90 45,667.54\nTotals at end of page\nText\ntext\nAP Automatic Payment BP Bill Payment DC Direct Credit ED Electronic Dishonour FX Foreign Exchange IP International EFTPOS Transaction IF International Payment\nAT Automatic Teller Machine CQ Cheque/Withdrawal DD Direct Debit EP EFTPOS Transaction IA International Money Machine VT Visa Transaction\n$711.41 $2,732.41 $45,667.54\nPage 2 of 3\nJumpstart - continued\nDate Transaction type and details Withdrawals Deposits Balance\nBalance brought forward from previous page\n12 Apr VT COUNTDOWN AK\n4835610246 Orig date 11/04/2023\n31.19 45,636.35\n12 Apr VT Z Lakeside\n4835610246 Orig date 12/04/2023\n51.75 45,584.60\n13 Apr DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 784.67 46,369.27\n14 Apr VT 2degrees Mob\n4835610246 Orig date 13/04/2023\n10.00 46,359.27\n14 Apr EP LIM CHHOUR SUPERMARK 483561***** 0246 C 11.22 46,348.05\n14 Apr EP SUPER FOOD MARKET 483561****** 0246 C 15.46 46,332.59\n17 Apr VT FUREIN SUPER\n4835610246 Orig date 14/04/2023\n14.92 46,317.67\n17 Apr EP HeadQuarters 483561 0246 C 15.00 46,302.67\n18 Apr DC THE M & P BUSINESS T MGS Stations Wages 789.22 47,091.89\n19 Apr VT GOOGLE SERV\n4835610246 Orig date 17/04/2023\n7.50 47,084.39\n19 Apr AT ANZ S3C7231 205 Queen St Br 1 143224 60.00 47,024.39\n19 Apr EP SUPER FOOD MARKET 483561* 1746 C 19.98 47,004.41\n21 Apr VT SKINNY\n4835611746 Orig date 20/04/2023\n10.00 46,994.41\n21 Apr VT Akld Transpo\n4835611746 Orig date 20/04/2023\n150"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "71375cc572154f679a7e31db00958d18", "conversation_index": 677392, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 989, "prompt": "May  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [10089] 3232411 10089    28784       40      11      141             0 spotagent\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [130813]   438 130813   369075       92      98     4765             0 zabbix_agent2\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80780]     0 80780    77556      282      88      311             0 sssd\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80781]     0 80781   162732      313     217     7345             0 sssd_be\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80782]     0 80782    80427      247     102     1008             0 sssd_nss\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80783]     0 80783    75505      229      93     1493             0 sssd_pam\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [80784]     0 80784    72711      226      86      296             0 sssd_ifp\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35453]     0 35453    31664      198      16      306             0 ndschedag\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35455]     0 35455    30595      197      14      139             0 mgspolicy\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [35457]     0 35457    35129      259      22      911             0 ndlaunch\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [92280] 3232411 92280    27381      127      10       24             0 sleep\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: [121345]     0 121345   166318      274     149    25004             0 puppet\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 11638 (java) score 510 or sacrifice child\nMay  5 15:32:23 servernamexyz kernel: Killed process 11638 (java), UID 1000, total-vm:20865660kB, anon-rss:17387608kB, file-rss:136856kB, shmem-rss:0kB\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z PERFORM HOST METADATA COLLECTION\nMay  5 15:54:57 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:57Z --> Collecing Linux host metadata collection ...\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Then collections is completed and ready for upload.\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Validating collection before upload ...\nMay  5 15:54:58 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:58Z --> Collections has changed, start uploading.\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z --> Collecctions uploaded successfully\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent: 2023-05-05T15:54:59Z PERFORM DATABASES METADATA COLLECTION\nMay  5 15:54:59 servernamexyz spotagent"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "fa50e0ce0d9b4da5b307815f567a09c4", "conversation_index": 576005, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1118, "prompt": "\n\n[Document(page_content='2013\\n\\n2014\\n\\n2015\\n\\n2016\\n\\n2017\\n\\n2018\\n\\n2019\\n\\n2020\\n\\n■ Zürich\\n100.0\\n\\n■ MS-Reg. Zürich\\n100.0\\n\\n■ Kanton ZH\\n100.0\\n\\n■ Schweiz\\n100.0\\n\\n103.4\\n\\n104.9\\n\\n106.1\\n\\n106.8\\n\\n107.8\\n\\n110.1\\n\\n109.6\\n\\n103.4\\n\\n104.9\\n\\n106.1\\n\\n106.8\\n\\n107.8\\n\\n110.1\\n\\n109.6\\n\\n103.9\\n\\n105.4\\n\\n106.5\\n\\n106.9\\n\\n108.1\\n\\n110.4\\n\\n110.0\\n\\n103.3\\n\\n105.0\\n\\n106.3\\n\\n107.3\\n\\n107.9\\n\\n109.8\\n\\n109.6\\n\\nWachstum des Arbeitsstättenbestandes im Vergleich kurz- und mittelfristig, Zürich\\n\\n■ Verarbeitende Indu\\n\\n■ Infrastruktur\\n\\n■ Bau\\n\\n■ Verkauf\\n\\n■ Immobilien\\n\\n■ Öffentliche DL', metadata={'source': 'privateGPT/source_documents/4_Standortinformation-Zürich-261.pdf'}), Document(page_content=\"■ Männer Zürich\\n\\n■ Männer Schweiz\\n\\n0-19\\n17.3%\\n\\n19.3%\\n\\n18.2%\\n\\n20.6%\\n\\n20-34\\n24.6%\\n\\n18.4%\\n\\n25.8%\\n\\n19.5%\\n\\n35-49\\n24.8%\\n\\n20.7%\\n\\n26.5%\\n\\n21.3%\\n\\n50-64\\n16.3%\\n\\n20.9%\\n\\n17.4%\\n\\n21.4%\\n\\n65-79\\n10.8%\\n\\n14.2%\\n\\n8.8%\\n\\n13.0%\\n\\n80+\\n6.2%\\n\\n6.4%\\n\\n3.3%\\n\\n4.2%\\n\\n80+\\n6.2%\\n\\n6.6%\\n\\n3.3%\\n\\n4.2%\\n\\nAltersstruktur, Vergleich Zürich und Schweiz\\n\\nFrauen Zürich\\n\\nFrauen Schweiz\\n\\nMänner Zürich\\n\\n0-19\\n36'497\\n\\n20-34\\n51'948\\n\\n35-49\\n52'284\\n\\n50-64\\n34'475\\n\\n65-79\\n22'830\\n\\n80+\\n13'171\\n\\n847'168\\n\\n809'469\\n\\n909'962\\n\\n919'816\\n\\n625'760\\n\\n288'413\\n\\n38'677\\n\\n54'607\", metadata={'source': 'privateGPT/source_documents/4_Standortinformation-Zürich-261.pdf'}), Document(page_content=\"Eigentumswohnungen: Angebotsquote\\n\\nEinfamilienhäuser: Angebotsquote\\n\\nWeitere Informationen zur Lage\\nInteraktive Standort- und Immobilienmarktinformationen auf\\nLocationSpot.\\n\\nJahr\\n2020\\n\\n2020\\n\\n2020\\n\\n2020\\n\\n2020\\n\\nJahr/Quartal\\n2022\\n\\n2022\\n\\n2023/1\\n\\n2023/1\\n\\n2023/1\\n\\nZürich\\n194'824\\n\\n25'562\\n\\n8'946\\n\\n2'360\\n\\n10\\n\\nZürich\\n0.1%\\n\\n0.1%\\n\\n2.5%\\n\\n2.2%\\n\\n1.0%\\n\\nMS-Reg. Zürich\\n194'824\\n\\n25'562\\n\\n8'946\\n\\n2'360\\n\\n10\\n\\nKanton ZH\\n506'869\\n\\n129'339\\n\\n120'609\\n\\n8'563\\n\\n493\\n\\nMS-Reg. Zürich\\n0.1%\\n\\nKanton ZH\\n0.7%\\n\\n0.1%\\n\\n2.5%\\n\\n2.2%\\n\\n1.0%\", metadata={'source': 'privateGPT/source_documents/4_Standortinformation-Zürich-261.pdf'}), Document(page_content=\"Immobilienbestand\\n\\nGeschäftsbauten\\n\\nBruttogeschossflächen in m² (Anteile)\\n\\n■ Büro\\n\\n■ Verkauf\\n\\n■ Gastgewerbe\\n\\n■ Industrie\\n\\n■ Infrastruktur\\n\\nBüro\\n\\nVerkauf\\n\\nGastgewerbe\\n\\nIndustrie\\n\\nInfrastruktur\\n\\nTotal\\n\\nZürich\\n40.0%\\n\\n7.6%\\n\\n3.4%\\n\\n17.2%\\n\\n31.7%\\n\\nMS-Reg. Zürich\\n40.0%\\n\\nKanton ZH\\n23.5%\\n\\n7.6%\\n\\n3.4%\\n\\n17.2%\\n\\n31.7%\\n\\n7.9%\\n\\n2.5%\\n\\n31.0%\\n\\n35.1%\\n\\nSchweiz\\n13.4%\\n\\n8."}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "926933be33d24b248a0220b27b82fc62", "conversation_index": 987133, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 931, "prompt": "transforme o texto abaixo em json por favor:\nOBS: O  que não tiver chave e valor colocar como null.\nOBS2: converter todas as letras para lowcase\nOBS3: remover acentuação\nOBS4: textos que não fazem sentido para chave e valor, remover do resultado\nOBS5: preciso no formato json completo.\nOBS6: quero que o json venha somente com as informações, cnpj do tomador, data de emissão, numero da nota, codigo de verificação, valor da base de calculo.\nOBS7: o CNPJ do TOMADOR tem que conter o final 44\nOBS8: quero que venha no seguinte formato:\n{\n\"cnpj_tomador\": \"\",\n\"data_emissao\": \"\",\n\"numero_nota\": \"\",\n\"codigo_verificacao\": \"\",\n\"valor_base_calculo\":\n}\n    DANFSE - Documento Auxiliar da Nota Fiscal de Serviço Eletrônica\nJOSÉ BRAIANI CAETANO - CORRETOR DE SEGUROS\nNúmero da NFS-e\nAVN DR° CÍCERO DE MORAES, 35\nCEP: 86945-000 Bairro: CENTRO\n202200000000020\nMunicípio: São Pedro do Ivaí - PR\nE-mail: esc.saofrancisco@uol.com.br\nFone: (43) 9650-3334\nData do Serviço\nCódigo Verificador\nCNPJ/CPF\nInscrição Estadual\nInscrição Municipal\n27/01/2022\n900aa4ae1\n37.536.805/0001-64\n18582\nPrefeitura Municipal de São Pedro do Ivaí/PR\nDt. de Emissão\nExigibilidade\nTributado no Município\nISS\nSetor de Tributação\nFone: (43) 3451-1239 186.209.176.114:8084/nfse.portal\n27/01/2022\nExigível\nSão Pedro do Ivaí/PR\nTOMADOR DO SERVIÇO\nMunicípio de Prestação do Serviço\nNome Razão Social\nLOJACORR S.A. REDE DE CORRETORAS DE SEGUROS\nSão Pedro do Ivaí/PR\nEndereço\nR DESEMBARGADOR WESTPHALEN,868 LOJA 01\nCidade\nUF\nFone\nCEP\nCuritiba\nPR\n(41) 3327-1233\n80123-100\nBairro\nREBOUCAS\nCNPJ/CPF\nInscrição Municipal\nInscrição Estadual\n04.345.055/0001-44\nE-mail\nqwe123@gmail.com\nINTERMEDIÁRIO DO SERVIÇO\nNome Razão Social\nCNPJ/CPF\nInscrição Municipal\n*****\n*****\nE-mail\nFone\nCidade\n*****\nDESCRIÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS\nVALOR TOTAL\nALIQ.\nVALOR IMPOSTO\nRETIDO\nSERVIÇOS DE CORRETAGEM DE SEGUROS\n2.075,37\n0,00\n0,00\nNão\nCódigo do Serviço\nCódigo NBS\n10.01 Agenciamento, corretagem ou intermediação de câmbio, de seguros, de\ncartões de crédito, de planos de saúde e de planos de previdência privada.\nCIDE\nCOFINS\nCOFINS Importação\nICMS\nIOF\nIPI\nPIS/PASEP\nPIS/PASEP Importação\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\nBase Cálculo ISSQN Próprio\nValor do ISSQN Próprio\nBase Cálculo ISSQN Retido\nValor do ISSQN Retido\nValor Total do ISSQN\nValor Dedução/Descontos\n2.075,37\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\n0,00\nValor Total da NFS-e\n2.075,37\nValor Líquido da NFS-e\n2.075,37\nInformações Adicionais\nNOTA EMITIDA POR ME OU EPP OPTANTE PELO SIMPLES NACIONAL\nNÃO GERA DIREITO A CRÉDITO FISCAL DE IPI\nLei 12741/2012: Mun: R$54,58; Est: R$0,00; Fed: "}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "e440636e9c0742909d646fe43b01d32f", "conversation_index": 737612, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 915, "prompt": "You are given CSV tabular data and questions. Goal is to answer positional questions about blocks from continuous characters like \"3\", \"0\", NAME_1 \".\" means blank 1 cell unit space. Every NAME_1 represents 1x1 cell. It is multiline so new line creates new row. If there are same characters as in the row above it means vertical continuation of block.\n\nExample\n\nCSV table:\n\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n\n\n\nQuestion 1: What is the biggest object?\n\nThought: There are 3 distinct blocks\n\nBlock 1:\n4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4\n4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4\n\nsize 10*2\n\nBlock 2:\n5,5,5,5,5\n\nsize 5*1\n\nBlock 3:\n6,6,6,6\n\nsize 4*1\n\nAnswer 1: '4'.\n\nQuestion 2: Where is '6'.\n\nThought: There is block '6' in the riht part of last row. There is nothing down and right fron it, so we will explore other directions.\n\nSee one row up. Nothing only '.'. See left from '6'. There is a '5'. Are there othe blocks? Yes up left from '6' there is block '4'.\n\nAnswer 2: Right from '5', right and under '4'.\n\nQuestion 3: What is in the right up corner?\n\nThought: In rightmost up position there is nothing just '.'. I will see right and down. First block is '4' (Block 1).\n\nAnswer 3: '4'\n\nBegin!\n\n\nCSV table:\n\n.,.,.,.,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,7,7,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,7,7,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,5,5,5,5,5,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,6,6,6,6,.,.,.,.,.,.\n.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.\n\n\nQuestion 1: Where is '7'? Describe it in simple terms relative to other blocks.\n\nThought:"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "eddd431ed307ddee3bb10a068c7d46b6d4353979aad18b6a", "conversation_index": 5197, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6063, "prompt": "Q: Insertar enlace dentro de un botón\n\nTengo un sitio en el cual utilizo botones para identificar una ciudad. Cuando se hace click en cada ciudad se desplega la una imagen que indica el título un texto que dice “mas info”.\nEl problema es que quiero agregar una etiqueta a dentro del botón y cuando el usuario hace click no se desplega, sino que lo envía al sitio directamente. También traté de hacerlo dentro del div pero sigo con el mismo problema.\n¿Cómo puedo insertar un enlace dentro de un botón sin que afecte la animación?\n\nbody {font-family: Arial, sans-serif;}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\r\ndiv {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nh2 {\r\n  font-size: 24pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  font-family: \"Roboto Condensed\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n  font-weight: 300;\r\n}\r\n\r\np {\r\n  font-size: 12pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 12pt;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.centered-y {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  padding: 10px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map>img {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point {\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  outline: none;\r\n  z-index: 0;\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 40px;\r\n  height: 40px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=80);\r\n  opacity: 0.8;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, transform 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.85);\r\n  border: 3px solid #7fcff7;\r\n  border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point::before {\r\n  content:\"\";\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 10px;\r\n  height: 10px;\r\n  background:white;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  left:  50%;\r\n  border-radius: 100%;\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active::before,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus::before {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0);\r\n  opacity: 0;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  left: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  overflow: overlay;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  width: 300px;\r\n  height: 172px;\r\n  border-radius: 0%;\r\n  color: #e5e5e5;\r\n  z-index: 1;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25 ease-in-out, transform 0.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0s, 0s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:active {\r\n  color: #afe1fa;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media only screen and (min-width: 601px) {\r\ndiv {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nh2 {\r\n  font-size: 24pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  font-family: \"Roboto Condensed\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n  font-weight: 300;\r\n}\r\n\r\np {\r\n  font-size: 12pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 12pt;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.centered-y {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  padding: 10px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map>img {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point {\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  outline: none;\r\n  z-index: 0;\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 40px;\r\n  height: 40px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=80);\r\n  opacity: 0.8;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, transform 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.85);\r\n  border: 3px solid #7fcff7;\r\n  border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point::before {\r\n  content:\"\";\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 10px;\r\n  height: 10px;\r\n  background:white;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  left:  50%;\r\n  border-radius: 100%;\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active::before,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus::before {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0);\r\n  opacity: 0;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  left: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  overflow: overlay;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  width: 375px;\r\n  height: 172px;\r\n  border-radius: 0%;\r\n  color: #e5e5e5;\r\n  z-index: 1;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25 ease-in-out, transform 0.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0s, 0s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:active {\r\n  color: #afe1fa;\r\n}\r\n}\n<div class=\"distribution-map\">\r\n<img src=\"http://allonCiudad.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mapafondo.png\">\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:30%;left:59%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('constitucion.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</div>\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:16%;left:65%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('itati.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:19%;left:67%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('ibera.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:46%;left:29%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('patagonia.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</div>\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n</div>\n\nA: hola puedes apoyarte de jquery para hacer lo que necesitas\n\n$( document ).ready(function() {\r\n     //aqui agregar tu contenido al div que muestra\r\n     $('.content').append($('<a href=\"https://es.stackoverflow.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Detalle</a>'));\r\n});\nbody {font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background:black;}\r\n\r\n\r\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\r\ndiv {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nh2 {\r\n  font-size: 24pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  font-family: \"Roboto Condensed\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n  font-weight: 300;\r\n}\r\n\r\np {\r\n  font-size: 12pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 12pt;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.centered-y {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  padding: 10px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map>img {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point {\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  outline: none;\r\n  z-index: 0;\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 40px;\r\n  height: 40px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=80);\r\n  opacity: 0.8;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, transform 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.85);\r\n  border: 3px solid #7fcff7;\r\n  border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point::before {\r\n  content:\"\";\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 10px;\r\n  height: 10px;\r\n  background:white;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  left:  50%;\r\n  border-radius: 100%;\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active::before,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus::before {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0);\r\n  opacity: 0;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  left: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  overflow: overlay;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  width: 300px;\r\n  height: 172px;\r\n  border-radius: 0%;\r\n  color: #e5e5e5;\r\n  z-index: 1;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25 ease-in-out, transform 0.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0s, 0s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:active {\r\n  color: #afe1fa;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media only screen and (min-width: 601px) {\r\ndiv {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nh2 {\r\n  font-size: 24pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  font-family: \"Roboto Condensed\", Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n  font-weight: 300;\r\n}\r\n\r\np {\r\n  font-size: 12pt;\r\n  margin-bottom: 12pt;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.centered-y {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  padding: 10px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map>img {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point {\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  outline: none;\r\n  z-index: 0;\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 40px;\r\n  height: 40px;\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=80);\r\n  opacity: 0.8;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-45deg);\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s, 0.25s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, width 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, z-index 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, transform 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.85);\r\n  border: 3px solid #7fcff7;\r\n  border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point::before {\r\n  content:\"\";\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  width: 10px;\r\n  height: 10px;\r\n  background:white;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  left:  50%;\r\n  border-radius: 100%;\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active::before,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus::before {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0);\r\n  opacity: 0;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  left: 50%;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n  overflow: overlay;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  width: 375px;\r\n  height: 172px;\r\n  border-radius: 0%;\r\n  color: #e5e5e5;\r\n  z-index: 1;\r\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25s ease-in-out, border-radius 0.25 ease-in-out, transform 0.25s;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content {\r\n  filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(enabled=false);\r\n  opacity: 1;\r\n  -moz-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -o-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  -webkit-transition-delay: 0.25s, 0s, 0s;\r\n  transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0.25s, height 0.25s ease-in-out, overflow 0.25s ease-in-out;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:active.content a:active,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:hover,\r\n.distribution-map.map-point:focus.content a:active {\r\n  color: #afe1fa;\r\n}\r\n}\n<br><br><br>\r\n<script src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n<div class=\"distribution-map\">\r\n<img src=\"http://allonCiudad.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mapafondo.png\">\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:30%;left:59%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('constitucion.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</div>\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:16%;left:65%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('itati.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:19%;left:67%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('ibera.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n<button class=\"map-point\" style=\"top:46%;left:29%\">\r\n<div class=\"content\" style=\"background-image: url('patagonia.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: contain;\">\r\n</div>\r\n</button>\r\n\r\n</div>\n\nEn este caso lo estoy haciendo en la carga del documento\nSi quieres diferentes enlaces para cada uno deberas crear ids para cada div\n\n内容区div的样式设置有哪些?它们的作用是什么?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "7725d8285b1c4c05a8e6578084407f22", "conversation_index": 968059, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 902, "prompt": "Lorsque l'on résume la transcription d'une réunion, on doit donner:\n- les participants;\n- la durée de la réunion;\n- les sujets qui ont été évoqués;\n- la liste des actions à réaliser.\n\n0:1:9.225 --> 0:1:20.685\nEwen Rondel: Ouais bah du coup ouais ça y est, maintenant ça marche tout ce qu'on modifie c'est enregistré alors dès que tu relances l'application et ça reprend les paramètres de base mais sinon pendant tout le moment de l'application est lancée ça ça garde en mémoire ce que t'as écrit.\n0:1:19.865 --> 0:1:24.255\nDavid Chevenement: Alors c'est normal, mais fais gaffe parce que si on s'amuse à faire des modifs et qu'on les perd.\n0:1:25.625 --> 0:1:26.635\nEwen Rondel: Ouais, faudrait que je les.\n0:1:25.755 --> 0:1:27.425\nDavid Chevenement: Ça peut ça, ça peut être galère.\n0:1:28.155 --> 0:1:28.635\nDavid Chevenement: Tu vois ?\n0:1:27.825 --> 0:1:29.555\nEwen Rondel: Ouais, faudrait que j'écrive quelque part, ouais.\n0:1:29.515 --> 0:1:35.205\nDavid Chevenement: Ça serait pas idiot de de savoir si tu veux repartir de la dernière ou du truc de départ défaut tu vois ?\n0:1:35.265 --> 0:1:37.955\nEwen Rondel: Ouais, okay, je vais essayer de garder ça en quelque part en.\n0:1:37.315 --> 0:1:45.255\nDavid Chevenement: Bon, c'est pas essentiel mais c'est juste que faut pas qu'on oublié si on fait des modifs fait qu'à la fin on on veut pas perdre ce qu'on a, ce qu'on a fait, quoi.\n0:1:45.735 --> 0:1:51.875\nEwen Rondel: Né et j'ai. J'ai viré aussi le la redondance avec la sécurité\n0:1:53.15 --> 0:1:54.5\nDavid Chevenement: La redondance est un classique.\n0:1:52.975 --> 0:1:57.375\nEwen Rondel: Votre côté ou le le Mail est écrit en en 2 fois à 2 endroits pour être sûr.\n0:2:0.355 --> 0:2:2.95\nEwen Rondel: Oui, ça c'est ça, c'est bon, c'est, c'est vivre ça.\n0:1:59.185 --> 0:2:5.995\nDavid Chevenement: Ah oui, oui, Ben oui, ça, merci, c'est bien, c'est c'est bien de régler les problèmes dans l'ordre. Okay bon j'ai fait une démo, les gens étaient contents.\n0:2:6.535 --> 0:2:7.335\nEwen Rondel: Ah, ça c'est.\n0:2:6.765 --> 0:2:9.945\nDavid Chevenement: Alors, ça s'est bien passé et.\n0:2:15.605 --> 0:2:15.825\nEwen Rondel: Ouais.\n0:2:20.405 --> 0:2:20.745\nEwen Rondel: OK.\n0:2:10.15 --> 0:2:25.545\nDavid Chevenement: Franchement, il était assez bluffé donc on on va essayer d'avancer pour la semaine prochaine pour faire en sorte d'avoir un truc nickel mais ça lui a carrément plu. Donc donc ça c'est nickel. J'aimerais bien du coup là ce qui m'intéresse quand même.\n0:2:33.725 --> 0:2:33.945\nEwen Rondel: Et.\n0:2:26.525 --> 0:2:34.575\nDavid Cheveneme"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a2f1ba47d2c34382b0d3d7cf2abe3f1a", "conversation_index": 621075, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1020, "prompt": "Generate annex B of duly reasoned reques for following information: 60 x \nAir depolarised batteries 20kg (NDW)\n\n84 x Lead Acid Vehicle batteries 30kg (NAME_1)\n\n1 x 1A2 Nic cad batteries (NDW)\n\n1 x 1A2 Lead Acid batteries (NAME_1)\n\n1x 1A2 alkaline batteries (NDW)\n\n1 x 1A2 Lithium batteries (NAME_2)\n\nCONTAINER BHCU 303581 1\n\n25 x Handheld radios (Weee waste NDW)\n\n17 x Large Lead Acid Vehicle batteries 70kg (NAME_1)\n\n26 x Fluorescent tubes (NAME_3)\n\n9 x Alcad Batteries (NDW)\n\nCONTAINER PSSU 311943 7\n\n1 x box Lead acid Batteries 200kg (NAME_1)\n\n2x 205L 1A2 lithium ion batteries (NAME_2)\n\n1 x pallet of 20kg dry cell batteries (NDW)\n\n2 x boxes oil filters 300kg each (NAME_4)\n\n2 x boxes Plastic empty containter 60kg (NDW)\n\nCONTAINER TRLU 906483 1\n\n55 x Dry cell batteries 20kg each (NDW)\n\n6 x boxes crushed metal drums 185kg each (NDW)\n\nCONTAINER GTSU 390844 4\n\n17 x boxes oily rags (need repacking) (3077)\n\nCONTAINER MBLU 820618 9\n\nNaOH anhydrous (NAME_5) 20kg x 2\n\nAluminium sulphate anhydrous 17% 1 x 20kg (NAME_6)\n\nNAME_7 tests 2 x 20kg boxes (NDW)\n\nSodium Thiosulfate anhydrous bags 2 x 10kg bags (NDW)\n\nSodium alkyl sulphate anhydrous (NAME_8)\n\nSodium hypochlorite solution L 10% 10L x 15 (NAME_9)\n\nNaOH solution 25L x 2 (NAME_10)\n\nHoneybee 60 (sulphamic acid) 20L x 3 (NAME_11)\n\nHypochlorite 15% 4x 20L (NAME_9)\n\nCitric acid Anhydrous 1 x 25kg (NAME_12)\n\nTannin Disodium trioxysilicate 36 x 10kg (NAME_13)\n\nKOH solution 18 x 10L (NAME_14)\n\nSodium bisulfite solid 2 x25kg bags (NAME_15)\n\nSodium metasilicate (Ardrox) 25L x 53 (NAME_14)\n\nCONTAINER STGU 132558 7\n\n20 x boxes oily rags 100kg each (NAME_4)\n\nCONTAINER CRXU 15409 7\n\n20 x boxes empty plastic drums (NDW)\n\nCONTAINER TRDU 727121 0\n\n14 x Empty 200L 1H1 drums (NDW)\n\n2 x IBC oil sludge 100kg (3077)\n\n11 x boxes empty paint tins (NDW)\n\nREST OF YARD:\n\n205L 1A1 Mixed oils (NAME_16) x 91\n\n205L 1A1 Waste AL’s (Glycol) (3082) x 28\n\n205L 1A1 Cooking oil (NDW) x 179\n\n205L 1A1 Diesel (NAME_17) x 24\n\n205L 1A1 AVTUR (NAME_18) x 20\n\n205l 1A2 Zinc phosphate (NAME_16) x 2\n\n205L 1A2 lead acid batteries (NAME_1) x 3\n\n205L 1A2 WEEE waste (NDW) x 1\n\n205L 1A1 paint thinners (NAME_19) x 22\n\n205L 1A1 Sodium hypochlorite (NAME_9) x2\n\n205L 1A1 Glycols (NAME_16) x 26\n\n205L 1A2 Paint related material (NAME_19) x 37\n\n205L 1A1 Sodium metasilicate (NAME_20) x 1\n\n205l 1A1 oil mix (NAME_16) x 1\n\n205L 1A1 alkaline detergent (NAME_14) x1\n\n205L 1A2 Plastics c/w trichloroisocyanuric acid (NAME_21) x 1\n\n205L 1A2 Hoses c/w oil (NAME_4) x 3\n\n205L 1A2 Greases (NAME_16) x 20\n\n205L 1A2 Adhesives (NAME_22) x6\n\nFIBC’s 13H3 empty metal tins x"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a025e7d0bb41447db59bae7d939dcdd3", "conversation_index": 164638, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 926, "prompt": "the first 5 frames:\n\"T 0-429,80,3 411,133,4 445,128,3 420,174,5 421,174,5;220,201,14 254,251,16 256,205,14 214,327,17 171,329,17;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 77,177,10 53,201,12;221,73,3 238,116,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;306,179,13 364,202,8 363,203,8 307,300,16 307,314,16;84,159,9 84,238,13 82,239,14 83,328,17 81,324,17\"\n\"T 2-429,81,3 411,134,4 445,128,3 420,171,5 421,170,5;219,201,14 254,252,16 255,203,14 214,327,17 170,352,18;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 76,199,11 52,200,12;221,73,3 237,115,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;319,180,12 364,202,8 365,202,8 307,302,16 307,302,16;60,106,7 84,234,13 37,233,15 84,325,17 82,323,17\"\n\"T 1-429,81,3 411,133,4 445,128,3 420,173,5 421,174,5;220,201,14 254,252,16 255,257,16 214,326,17 170,352,18;56,108,7 82,148,9 41,176,10 77,199,11 53,201,12;221,73,3 237,115,5 200,114,6 231,167,9 228,164,8;306,179,13 363,202,8 363,203,8 307,301,16 307,313,16;61,163,10 85,238,13 82,239,14 82,327,17 81,324,17\"\n\"T 3-222,203,13 264,228,14 267,230,14 213,324,18 213,328,18;429,77,2 411,122,3 411,123,3 421,174,5 434,176,5;56,108,7 82,151,9 41,177,10 79,196,11 55,197,12;218,73,3 238,116,5 200,113,6 230,166,9 227,164,8;86,177,10 37,220,15 38,221,15 83,329,19 82,324,19;298,173,11 289,232,14 285,232,14 312,348,17 312,349,17\"\n\"T 4-428,77,2 411,121,3 410,122,3 421,176,5 433,176,5;222,203,13 261,228,14 265,231,14 213,326,18 213,330,18;219,73,3 238,116,5 200,113,6 230,166,8 226,163,8;56,108,7 83,152,9 41,176,10 80,194,11 55,195,12;85,177,10 37,220,15 38,222,15 82,329,19 83,324,19;296,173,11 287,233,14 283,231,14 312,348,17 312,348,17\""}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "bd3a5d8be4d04a2d965a102619e10099", "conversation_index": 909095, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 962, "prompt": "Please check below logs and summarize if there is any critical error or anything related to memory.\n\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Mem-Info:\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: active_anon:113 inactive_anon:173 isolated_anon:0#012 active_file:8 inactive_file:163 isolated_file:0#012 unevictable:4381952 dirty:2 writeback:52 unstable:0#012 slab_reclaimable:13733 slab_unreclaimable:26359#012 mapped:34189 shmem:213 pagetables:13556 bounce:0#012 free:49886 free_pcp:118 free_cma:0\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15872kB min:32kB low:40kB high:48kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15988kB managed:15904kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:32kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2829 31978 31978\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: 34349 total pagecache pages\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: 45 pages in swap cache\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Swap cache stats: add 411489, delete 411401, find 39460/71171\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Free swap  = 700924kB\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Total swap = 2097148kB\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: 8388461 pages RAM\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: 0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: 198062 pages reserved\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: [92280] 3232411 92280    27381      127      10       24             0 sleep\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: [121345]     0 121345   166318      274     149    25004             0 puppet\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 11638 (java) score 510 or sacrifice child\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Killed process 11664 (controller), UID 1000, total-vm:54524kB, anon-rss:0kB, file-rss:540kB, shmem-rss:0kB\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: node invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x200da, order=0, oom_score_adj=0\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: node cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: CPU: 3 PID: 13421 Comm: node Kdump: loaded Tainted: G           OE  ------------   3.10.0-1160.71.1.0.1.el7.x86_64 #1\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 12/12/2018\nMay  5 15:32:23 servername kernel: Call Trace:\nMay  5 15:32:23 server"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "6b05ff527641426987de4b58848e871b", "conversation_index": 37328, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 952, "prompt": "#include <stdint.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n\ntypedef uint8_t bool;\n#define true 1\n#define false 0\n\n#include \"include/framebuffer.h\"\n#define ftopix(r, g, b, x, y) ((pixel_t){(uint8_t)(r * 255.0f), (uint8_t)(g * 255.0f), (uint8_t)(b * 255.0f), x, y})\n\ntypedef struct\n{\n\tfloat x, y, z;\n} vector3;\n\n#define vec3(x, y, z) \\\n\t(vector3) { x, y, z }\n#define dv3 \\\n\t(vector3) { 0, 0, 0 }\n\n#define vv(x) \\\n\t(vector3) { x, x, x }\n\n#define add(v3A, v3B) \\\n\t(vector3) { v3A.x + v3B.x, v3A.y + v3B.y, v3A.z + v3B.z }\n\n#define negate(v3) \\\n\t(vector3) { -v3.x, -v3.y, -v3.z }\n\n#define sub(v3A, v3B) add(v3A, negate(v3B))\n\n#define mul(v3A, v3B) \\\n\t(vector3) { v3A.x *v3B.x, v3A.y *v3B.y, v3A.z *v3A.z }\n\n#define div(v3A, v3B) \\\n\t(vector3) { v3A.x / v3B.x, v3A.y / v3B.y, v3A.z / v3A.z }\n\n#define length_squared(v3) v3.x *v3.x + v3.y *v3.y + v3.z *v3.z\n\n#define length(v3) sqrt(length_squared(v3))\n\n#define dot(v3A, v3B) v3A.x *v3B.x + v3A.y *v3B.y + v3A.z *v3B.z\n\n#define cross(v3A, v3B)                                           \\\n\t(vector3)                                                     \\\n\t{                                                             \\\n\t\tv3A.y *v3B.z - v3A.z *v3B.y, v3A.z *v3B.x - v3A.x *v3B.z, \\\n\t\t\tv3A.x *v3B.y - v3A.y *v3B.x                           \\\n\t}\n\n#define unit_vector(v3) div(v3, vv(length(v3)))\n\ntypedef struct\n{\n\tvector3 origin;\n\tvector3 direction;\n} ray;\n\nbool hit_sphere(vector3 center, float rad, ray r)\n{\n\tvector3 oc = sub(r.origin, center);\n\tfloat a = length_squared(r.direction);\n\tfloat b = 2.0 * dot(oc, r.direction);\n\tfloat c = length_squared(oc) - rad * rad;\n\tfloat discriminant = (b * b) - (4 * a * c);\n\treturn (discriminant > 0);\n}\n\nvector3 ray_color(ray r)\n{\n\tif (hit_sphere(vec3(0, 0, -1), 0.5, r))\n\t{\n\t\treturn vec3(1, 0, 0);\n\t}\n\tvector3 unit_direction = unit_vector(r.direction);\n\tfloat t = 0.5f * (unit_direction.y + 1.0f);\n\tvector3 color = vec3(1.0f * (1.0 - t) + (t * 0.5f),\n\t\t\t\t\t\t 1.0f * (1.0 - t) + (t * 0.7f), 1.0f * (1.0 - t) + t);\n\treturn color;\n}\n\nint main(void)\n{\n\tfloat aspect_ratio = 16.0 / 9.0;\n\n\tconst int width = 400;\n\tconst int height = (int)((float)width / aspect_ratio);\n\n\tfloat viewport_height = 2.0;\n\tfloat viewport_width = aspect_ratio * viewport_height;\n\tfloat focal_length = 1.0;\n\tvector3 origin = vec3(0, 0, 0);\n\tvector3 lower_left_corner = vec3(-(viewport_width / 2), -(viewport_height / 2), focal_length);\n\n\twindow_t *window = create_window(width, height, \"RTFish\");\n\tif (!window)\n\t{\n\t\tprintf(\"Could not create window.\");\n\t\treturn 0;\n\t}\n\tuint8_t exit = 0;\n\n\twhile (!exit)\n\t{\n\t\tclea"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "6e31c00b5f54c30ec1c5bae127cf0d5986bf586c78b83456", "conversation_index": 2468, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 4929, "prompt": "Литий-ионный аккумулятор\nthumb|275px|Литий-ионный аккумулятор цилиндрический, типоразмера 18650\nthumb|Литий-ионный аккумулятор сотового телефона Siemens, призматический\nЛитий-ионный аккумулятор (Li-ion) — тип электрического аккумулятора, который широко распространён в современной бытовой электронной технике и находит своё применение в качестве источника энергии в электромобилях и накопителях энергии в энергетических системах. Это самый популярный тип аккумуляторов в таких устройствах как сотовые телефоны, ноутбуки, цифровые фотоаппараты, видеокамеры и электромобили. В 2019 году Уиттингем, Гуденаф и Ёсино получили Нобелевскую премию по химии с формулировкой «За развитие литий-ионных аккумуляторов».\n\nИстория \n\nВпервые принципиальная возможность создания литиевых аккумуляторов на основе способности дисульфида титана или дисульфида молибдена включать в себя ионы лития при разряде аккумулятора и экстрагировать их при зарядке была показана в 1970 году Майклом Стэнли Уиттингемом. Существенным недостатком таких аккумуляторов являлось низкое напряжение — 2,3 В и высокая пожароопасность вследствие образования дендритов металлического лития, замыкающих электроды.\n\nПозднее Дж. Гуденафом были синтезированы другие материалы для катода литиевого аккумулятора — кобальтит лития LixCoO2 (1980 год), феррофосфат лития LiFePO4 (1996 год). Преимуществом таких аккумуляторов является более высокое напряжение — около 4 В.\n\nСовременный вариант литий-ионного аккумулятора с анодом из графита и катодом из кобальтита лития изобрёл в 1991 году Акира Ёсино. Первый литий-ионный аккумулятор по его патенту выпустила корпорация Sony в 1991 году.\n\nВ настоящее время ведутся исследования по поиску материалов на основе кремния и фосфора, обеспечивающих повышенную ёмкость интеркалирования ионов лития и по замене ионов лития на ионы натрия.\n\nДругие исследования уменьшают эффект старения и повышают срок эксплуатации. Например, использование бис-имино-аценафтехинон-парафенилена (Bis-imino-acenaphthenequinone-Paraphenylene, BP) позволит сохранить 95 процентов ёмкости аккумулятора даже после 1700 циклов зарядки.\n\nУиттингем, Гуденаф и Ёсино получили Нобелевскую премию по химии в 2019 году с формулировкой «За создание литий-ионных батарей».\n\nТипы литий-ионных аккумуляторов \nВ зависимости от химического состава и устройства, литий-ионные разделяются на типы, сильно различающиеся потребительскими качествами.\n\nЛитий-кобальтовые (NCR) \nЭта разновидность имеет самую высокую ёмкость, но требовательны к условиям работы, имеют весьма ограниченный ресурс. Рабочий диапазон напряжений - от 3 до 4,2 В. Самая высокая удельная энергоемкость — до 250 Втч/кг, пиковый ток разряда - не более двух ёмкостей (то есть аккумулятор 2 Ач имеет разрешённый ток 4 А), длительный ток разряда - не более одной ёмкости.\n\nТемпература длительного хранения аккумуляторов - −5 °C при 40-50 % заряда. Литий-кобальтовые аккумуляторы взрывоопасны и могут воспламеняться при перегреве или вследствие глубокого разряда. По этим причинам они обычно снабжаются защитной платой и имеют маркировку Protected. Напряжение разряда - не ниже 3 В. Взрывоопасны при повреждении корпуса, быстро стареют (средний срок жизни - 3-5 лет, в циклах «заряд-разряд» — не более 500). Нежелательна зарядка большим током. Крайне токсичны при воспламенении.\n\nЛитий-марганцевые (IMR или INR) \nБолее долговечны и безопасны, чем кобальтовые, допустима зарядка большим током. Рабочий диапазон напряжений - от 2,5 до 4,2 В. Удельная энергоемкость - 140—150 Втч/кг. Ресурс - порядка 5-6 лет — до 1000 циклов «заряд-разряд». Высокий ток под нагрузкой — до 5 ёмкостей. Предельная граница разряда — 2,5 В, однако возможно снижение ресурса. INR-аккумуляторы редко снабжают защитной платой, но зарядная цепь всегда имеет ограничение по напряжению. Неработоспособны ниже −10 °C. Достаточно безопасны в использовании, не взрываются и не воспламеняются. Имеют низкий саморазряд.\n\nЖелезофосфатные аккумуляторы (LiFePO4, LiFe, LFP, IFR) \nПоследнее поколение с наибольшим ресурсом. Рабочий диапазон напряжений - от 2 до 3,65 В, номинальное напряжение - 3,2 В. Удельная энергоемкость - примерно 150 Втч/кг. Ресурс - 10-20 лет, примерно 1500-3000 циклов «заряд-разряд» (до 8000 в мягких условиях). Высокий ток под нагрузкой (до 10 ёмкостей) и стабильное напряжение разряда идеальны для электромобилей, марсоходов, велосипедов, и подобных применений. Разряд вблизи нижней границы напряжения (2 В) может снижать ресурс. Допустима зарядка большим током с сохранением безопасности. При самых тяжёлых условиях эксплуатации не выделяют газа, не взрываются и не возгораются.\n\nЛитий-титанатные аккумуляторы \nНаивысшая долговечность и широкий температурный интервал работы. Рабочий диапазон напряжений и от 1,6 до 2,7 В, номинальное напряжение - 2,3 В. Удельная энергоёмкость - примерно 100 Втч/кг. Ресурс - более 15 000 циклов «заряд-разряд». Температурный диапазон и от −30 °C до +60 °C. Имеет очень низкое сопротивление, позволяющее использовать сверхбыстрый заряд, и низкий саморазряд, примерно 0,02 % в сутки.\n\nТехнические показатели \nмини|При использовании литий-ионных аккумуляторов в составе батарей без балансирующего устройства часть из них окажется переразряженной (B) при работе батареи или перезаряженной (C) либо не дозаряженной (D) до номинальной ёмкости во время зарядки батареи Основные показатели элементов, зависящие от химсостава, находятся в следующих пределах:\n напряжение единичного элемента:\n максимальное: 4,2 В (или 4,35/4,40 В для высоковольтных);\n минимальное: 2,5 В (или 2,8/3,0 В для высоковольтных);\n удельная энергоёмкость: 110…270 Вт·ч/кг;\n внутреннее сопротивление: 4…15 мОм;\n число циклов заряд-разряд до снижения ёмкости до 80 %: 600;\n время быстрого заряда: 1 час;\n саморазряд зависит от температуры хранения и степени заряда. При температуре 25 °C и заряде 100 % ≈1,6 % в месяц;\n ток нагрузки относительно ёмкости С, представленной в А·ч:\n постоянный: до 5С;\n импульсный: до 50С;\n оптимальный: до 1С;\n диапазон рабочих температур: от −20 °C до +60 °C (оптимальная +23 °C);\n\nЗащитные устройства аккумулятора \nмини|слева|Контроллер заряда/разряда (плата защиты) цилиндрического литий-ионного аккумулятора, конструкционно припаянный к отрицательному контакту аккумулятора и обратной фольгированной стороной выполняющий его функции. На снимке частично демонтирован и отсоединён от проводника, идущего к положительному контакту аккумулятора\nПочти всегда в корпус аккумулятора встроен контроллер (или PCM-плата ()), который управляет зарядкой и защищает аккумулятор от превышения напряжения заряда, чрезмерного разряда и превышения температуры, приводящих к преждевременной деградации или разрушению. Также этот контроллер может ограничивать ток потребления, защищать от короткого замыкания. Тем не менее, надо учитывать, что не все аккумуляторы снабжаются защитой. Производители могут не устанавливать её в целях снижения стоимости, веса, а также в устройствах, в которых встроен контроллер защиты, в аккумуляторных батареях (например, ноутбуков) используются аккумуляторы без встроенной платы защиты.\n\nЛитиевые аккумуляторы имеют специальные требования при подключении нескольких ячеек последовательно. Зарядные устройства для таких многосоставных аккумуляторов с ячейками или сами аккумуляторные батареи снабжаются схемой балансировки ячеек. Смысл балансировки в том, что электрические свойства ячеек могут немного различаться, и какая-то ячейка достигнет полного заряда/разряда раньше других. При этом необходимо прекратить заряд этой ячейки, продолжая заряжать остальные, так как переразряд или перезаряд литий-ионных аккумуляторов выводит их из строя. Эту функцию выполняет специальный узел —  (или BMS-плата ()). Он шунтирует заряженную ячейку так, чтобы ток заряда шёл мимо неё. Балансиры одновременно выполняют как функцию платы защиты в отношении каждого из аккумуляторов, так и батареи в целом.\n\nЗарядные устройства могут поддерживать конечное напряжение заряда в диапазоне 4,15—4,25 В.\n\nСуществуют литий-ионные и литий-полимерные аккумуляторы типоразмеров АА и ААА с напряжением 1,5 В. Они имеют не только схему защиты, но также встроенный электронный преобразователь напряжения (). Отличие таких аккумуляторов — стабилизированное напряжение на контактах в 1,5 В вне зависимости от рабочего напряжения самой ячейки аккумулятора и его моментальное обнуление, когда литиевая ячейка разряжается до нижнего допустимого предела и срабатывает защита от чрезмерного разряда. Такие аккумуляторы можно спутать с похожими по размерам аккумуляторами 14500 и 10440 напряжением 3,7 В, а также с незаряжаемыми одноразовыми литиевыми элементами питания. Все они различаются маркировкой.\n\nУстройство \nthumb|Литий-ионный аккумулятор. Схема работы\nЛитий-ионный аккумулятор состоит из электродов (катодного материала на алюминиевой фольге и анодного материала на медной фольге), разделённых пористым сепаратором, пропитанным электролитом. Пакет электродов помещён в герметичный корпус, катоды и аноды подсоединены к клеммам-токосъёмникам. Корпус иногда оснащают предохранительным клапаном, сбрасывающим внутреннее давление при аварийных ситуациях или нарушениях условий эксплуатации. Литий-ионные аккумуляторы различаются по типу используемого катодного материала. Переносчиком заряда в литий-ионном аккумуляторе является положительно заряженный ион лития, который имеет способность внедряться (интеркалироваться) в кристаллическую решётку других материалов (например, в графит, оксиды и соли металлов) с образованием химической связи, например: в графит с образованием LiC6, оксиды (LiMnO2) и соли (LiMnRON) металлов.\n\nПервоначально в качестве отрицательных пластин применялся металлический литий, затем — каменноугольный кокс. В дальнейшем стал применяться графит. Применение оксидов кобальта позволяет аккумуляторам работать при значительно более низких температурах, повышает количество циклов разряда/заряда одного аккумулятора. Распространение литий-железо-фосфатных аккумуляторов обусловлено их относительно низкой стоимостью. Литий-ионные аккумуляторы применяются в комплекте с системой контроля и управления — СКУ или BMS (battery management system), — и специальным устройством заряда/разряда.\n\nВ настоящее время в массовом производстве литий-ионных аккумуляторов используются три класса катодных материалов:\n кобальтат лития LiCoO2 и твёрдые растворы на основе изоструктурного ему никелата лития\n литий-марганцевая шпинель LiMn2O4\n литий-феррофосфат LiFePO4.\nЭлектрохимические схемы литий-ионных аккумуляторов:\n\n литий-кобальтовые LiCoO2 + 6C → Li1-xCoO2 + LiC6\n литий-ферро-фосфатные LiFePO4 + 6C → Li1-xFePO4 + LiC6\n\nБлагодаря низкому саморазряду и большому количеству циклов заряда/разряда, Li-ion-аккумуляторы наиболее предпочтительны для применения в альтернативной энергетике. При этом, помимо системы СКУ они укомплектовываются инверторами (преобразователи напряжения).\n\nПреимущества \n Низкий саморазряд.\n Высокая токоотдача.\n Большое число циклов заряд-разряд.\n Не требуют обслуживания.\n\nНедостатки \nШироко применяемые литий-ионные аккумуляторы при перезаряде, несоблюдении условий заряда или при механическом повреждении часто бывают чрезвычайно огнеопасными.\n Огнеопасны\n Теряют работоспособность при переразряде\n Теряют ёмкость на холоде\n\nЭкология\n Для производства литий-ионных аккумуляторов требуется литий высокой степени чистоты, для получения одной тонны лития требуется переработка 100 тонн руды. \n является токсичным отходом.\n\nВзрывоопасность \n\nмини|Вздувшийся литий-ионный аккумулятор в плоском алюминиевом корпусе типоразмера ENEL10 (Li-42B, NP-45). Бумажная этикетка снята\nмини|Литий-ионная аккумуляторная батарея электромобиля\nАккумуляторы Li-ion первого поколения были подвержены взрывному эффекту. Это объяснялось тем, что в них использовался анод из металлического лития, на котором в процессе многократных циклов зарядки/разрядки возникали пространственные образования (дендриты), приводящие к замыканию электродов и, как следствие, возгоранию или взрыву. Этот недостаток удалось окончательно устранить заменой материала анода на графит. Подобные процессы происходили и на катодах литий-ионных аккумуляторов на основе оксида кобальта при нарушении условий эксплуатации (перезарядке). Литий-ферро-фосфатные аккумуляторы полностью лишены этих недостатков.\n\nЛитиевые аккумуляторы изредка проявляют склонность к взрывному самовозгоранию. Интенсивность горения даже от миниатюрных аккумуляторов такова, что может приводить к тяжким последствиям. Авиакомпании и международные организации принимают меры к ограничению перевозок литиевых аккумуляторов и устройств с ними на авиатранспорте.\n\nСамовозгорание литиевого аккумулятора очень плохо поддаётся тушению традиционными средствами. В процессе термического разгона неисправного или повреждённого аккумулятора происходит не только выделение запасённой электрической энергии, но и ряд химических реакций, выделяющих вещества для поддержания горения, горючие газы от электролита, а также, в случае не LiFePO4-электродов, выделяется кислород. Потому вспыхнувший аккумулятор способен гореть без доступа воздуха и для его тушения непригодны средства изоляции от атмосферного кислорода. Более того, металлический литий активно реагирует с водой с образованием горючего газа водорода, потому тушение литиевых аккумуляторов водой эффективно только для тех видов аккумуляторов, где масса литиевого электрода невелика. В целом тушение загоревшегося литиевого аккумулятора неэффективно. Целью тушения может быть лишь снижение температуры аккумулятора и предотвращение распространения пламени.\n\nЭффект памяти \nТрадиционно считалось, что, в отличие от Ni-Cd- и Ni-MH-аккумуляторов, Li-Ion-аккумуляторы полностью избавлены от эффекта памяти. По результатам исследований учёных Института Пауля Шерера (Швейцария) в 2013 году этот эффект всё-таки был обнаружен, но оказался ничтожен.\n\nПричиной его является то, что основой работы батареи являются процессы высвобождения и обратного захвата ионов лития, динамика которых ухудшается в случае неполной зарядки.\nВо время зарядки ионы лития один за другим покидают частицы литий-феррофосфата, размер которых составляет десятки микрометров. Катодный материал начинает разделяться на частицы с разным содержанием лития. Зарядка батареи происходит на фоне возрастания электрохимического потенциала. В определённый момент он достигает предельного значения. Это приводит к ускорению высвобождения оставшихся ионов лития из катодного материала, но они уже не меняют суммарного напряжения батареи.\nЕсли батарея не будет полностью заряжена, то на катоде останется некоторое число частиц, близких к пограничному состоянию. Они практически достигли барьера высвобождения ионов лития, но не успели его преодолеть. При разряде свободные ионы лития стремятся вернуться на место и рекомбинировать с ионами феррофосфата. Однако на поверхности катода их также встречают частицы в пограничном состоянии, уже содержащие литий. Обратный захват затрудняется, и нарушается микроструктура электрода.\n\nВ настоящее время просматриваются два пути решения проблемы: внесение изменений в алгоритмы работы системы управления батареями и разработка катодов с увеличенной площадью поверхности.\n\nТребования к режимам заряда/разряда \nГлубокий разряд полностью выводит из строя литий-ионный аккумулятор. Также на жизненный цикл аккумуляторов влияет глубина его разряда перед очередной зарядкой и зарядка токами выше установленных производителем. Из-за низкого внутреннего сопротивления аккумулятора зарядный ток сильно зависит от напряжения на его клеммах во время зарядки. Ток зарядки зависит от разницы напряжений между аккумулятором и зарядным устройством и от сопротивления как самого аккумулятора, так и подводимых к нему проводов. Увеличение напряжения зарядки на 4 % может приводить к увеличению тока зарядки в 10 раз, что отрицательно сказывается на аккумуляторе, при недостаточном отводе тепла он перегревается и деградирует. В результате, если напряжение на аккумуляторе превысить всего на 4 %, он будет вдвое быстрее терять ёмкость от цикла к циклу.\n\nСтарение \nЛитиевые аккумуляторы стареют, даже если не используются. Соответственно, нет смысла покупать аккумулятор «про запас» или чрезмерно увлекаться «экономией» его ресурса.\n\nОптимальные условия хранения Li-ion-аккумуляторов достигаются при 40-процентном заряде от ёмкости аккумулятора и температуре 0…10 °C.\n\nСнижение ёмкости при низких температурах \nКак и в других типах аккумуляторов, разрядка в условиях низких температур приводит к снижению отдаваемой энергии, в особенности при температурах ниже 0 ⁰C. Так, снижение запаса отдаваемой энергии при понижении температуры от +20 ⁰C до +4 ⁰C приводит к уменьшению отдаваемой энергии на ~5-7 %, дальнейшее понижение температуры разрядки ниже 0 ⁰C приводит к потере отдаваемой энергии на десятки процентов. Разряд аккумулятора при температуре, не ниже указанной производителем аккумуляторов, не приводит к их деградации (преждевременному исчерпанию ресурса).\nКак и для других типов аккумуляторов, одним из вариантов решения проблемы являются аккумуляторы с внутренним подогревом.\n\nСм. также \n Литий-полимерный аккумулятор\n Литий-железо-фосфатный аккумулятор\n Литий-титанатный аккумулятор\n Нанопроводниковый аккумулятор\n Зарядное устройство\n Никель-металл-гидридный аккумулятор (NiMH)\n Никель-кадмиевый аккумулятор (NiCd)\n Батарея\n Элемент AA\n Элемент AAA\n Эффект памяти аккумулятора\n\nПримечания\n\nЛитература\n\nСсылки \n \n \n\nКатегория:Литиевые аккумуляторы\nКатегория:Появились в 1991 году\nКатегория:Изобретения Японии\nКатегория:Ионы\n\nWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries compared to other battery types?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ecb38cca94ad47f4bdad72fbb06bc572", "conversation_index": 736683, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 973, "prompt": "Please give me 6 tickets on Eurojackpot for may 26th 2023, based on the statistics below. Latest draw on bottom:\n18,32,39,42,44\t+\t4,7\n7,9,40,48,49\t+\t7,8\n15,17,23,35,38\t+\t4,9\n11,15,24,28,41\t+\t3,12\n1,7,11,33,48\t+\t9,12\n13,14,25,28,42\t+\t11,12\n11,20,23,37,46\t+\t9,11\n4,6,8,42,48\t+\t6,11\n9,16,32,37,46\t+\t7,12\n6,12,25,48,49\t+\t11,12\n8,12,37,44,47\t+\t7,1\n6,8,13,21,32\t+\t3,6\n3,13,33,36,47\t+\t3,11\n9,14,15,20,47\t+\t8,12\n6,11,26,43,49\t+\t5,8\n9,34,35,42,44\t+\t6,11\n28,33,34,37,44\t+\t4,11\n3,37,45,47,50\t+\t5,1\n28,29,31,37,50\t+\t4,5\n14,28,31,47,50\t+\t7,12\n9,16,27,41,45\t+\t1,4\n7,14,34,41,49\t+\t4,9\n6,11,16,35,44\t+\t2,6\n1,12,15,31,47\t+\t9,1\n9,16,17,27,31\t+\t1,9\n4,9,29,34,37\t+\t3,12\n20,21,30,41,43\t+\t10,11\n1,7,17,44,50\t+\t2,1\n10,15,25,37,46\t+\t7,12\n3,10,20,36,42\t+\t8,1\n1,2,6,14,45\t+\t2,7\n5,12,15,21,39\t+\t3,4\n13,20,34,38,43\t+\t3,6\n1,5,12,18,20\t+\t6,7\n6,20,27,38,49\t+\t3,9\n1,18,37,46,48\t+\t3,7\n4,11,12,16,42\t+\t3,5\n6,17,22,39,46\t+\t5,12\n9,16,32,34,48\t+\t2,6\n5,18,21,29,45\t+\t1,6\n8,13,16,44,47\t+\t6,8\n6,21,23,26,43\t+\t3,9\n6,12,36,37,44\t+\t1,11\n10,11,31,37,44\t+\t5,12\n1,15,19,24,33\t+\t7,8\n16,28,32,36,48\t+\t5,1\n5,19,33,37,42\t+\t7,9\n7,11,20,21,29\t+\t6,11\n16,28,31,35,42\t+\t2,1\n5,13,16,41,45\t+\t3,6\n12,21,24,28,40\t+\t1,3\n4,8,9,30,35\t+\t6,7\n11,12,13,23,26\t+\t11,12\n17,18,30,33,35\t+\t6,8\n6,11,29,34,39\t+\t2,3\n10,27,30,32,34\t+\t5,8\n28,30,31,45,46\t+\t4,8\n1,5,8,20,35\t+\t3,12\n1,2,11,14,36\t+\t2,3"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "0344476eaa9dcd6b79810009a98d175c9b3ce33a60132266", "conversation_index": 6090, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 5911, "prompt": "Q: Java Netty Unknown SSL content type error\n\nI'm trying to write a HTTP client using Netty 5.0.0.Alpha2 to connect to a proprietary server. I can only describe the connection as being similar to Websockets but not. The server utilizes StartTLS which is expected to be initialized by the client after the server responds with 200 and Content Type and if you don't, the server disconnects you. Once the connection is secure, the server will keep the connection alive indefinitely while responding to client commands. Anyways, below is my SSLDump log and regarding the line \"Unknown SSL content type 1\", this happens once I try to send my first command to the server. Traffic from the server seems to be unhindered since the server sends a ping heartbeat every 30-60 seconds and I can read it just fine.\nSSLDump log:\nNew TCP connection #1: Chiori-chan.local(54679) <-> ***.***.***.***(443)\n0.1110 (0.1110)  C>S\n---------------------------------------------------------------\nGET /fwd/xControl HTTP/1.0\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n0.1776 (0.0666)  S>C\n---------------------------------------------------------------\nHTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n0.2440 (0.0664)  S>C\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n1 1  0.2582 (0.0142)  C>SV3.1(54)  Handshake\n      ClientHello\n        Version 3.1 \n        random[32]=\n          55 0c 50 be 81 96 8d 83 b2 8d 91 fd 02 3d f5 ff \n          1e 9d 65 48 3a 3b 8c a1 63 d4 e1 17 45 24 c8 90 \n        cipher suites\n        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA\n        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5\n        compression methods\n                  NULL\n1 2  0.3332 (0.0749)  S>CV3.1(81)  Handshake\n      ServerHello\n        Version 3.1 \n        random[32]=\n          fb 50 d9 c3 2d f2 b1 2f 43 ac 69 eb 54 6b 79 1e \n          34 68 0b e8 5b 90 74 d8 0a bd 0e 46 be 9b 80 54 \n        session_id[32]=\n          cf 67 a2 86 b4 c0 26 08 6a f4 4c 86 16 8a da df \n          34 fc da 75 66 cd 38 a6 c6 42 21 cf 3e a4 c9 73 \n        cipherSuite         TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA\n        compressionMethod                   NULL\n1 3  0.3332 (0.0000)  S>CV3.1(471)  Handshake\n      Certificate\n        certificate[461]=\n          30 82 01... omitted... fa 3f 56 \n1 4  0.3332 (0.0000)  S>CV3.1(4)  Handshake\n      ServerHelloDone\n1 5  0.3490 (0.0157)  C>SV3.1(134)  Handshake\n      ClientKeyExchange\n        EncryptedPreMasterSecret[128]=\n          c5 f6 2e... omitted... 4b f2 64 \n1 6  0.3490 (0.0000)  C>SV3.1(1)  ChangeCipherSpec\n1 7  0.3490 (0.0000)  C>SV3.1(36)  Handshake\n1 8  0.4161 (0.0671)  S>CV3.1(1)  ChangeCipherSpec\n1 9  0.4161 (0.0000)  S>CV3.1(36)  Handshake\nUnknown SSL content type 1\n1 10 0.4891 (0.0729)  S>CV3.1(22)  Alert\n1 11 0.4892 (0.0001)  S>CV3.1(22)  Alert\n1 12 0.4893 (0.0000)  S>CV3.1(22)  Alert\n1 13 0.4930 (0.0036)  C>SShort record\n1    2.7379 (2.2449)  C>S  TCP FIN\n1    2.8043 (0.0663)  S>C  TCP FIN\n\nJava log:\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:21 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler channelRegistered\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d] REGISTERED\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:21 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler connect\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d] CONNECT: /omitted:443\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:21 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler channelActive\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] ACTIVE\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler write\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] WRITE: 40B\nGET /fwd/xControl HTTP/1.0\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler flush\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] FLUSH\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler channelRead\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] RECEIVED: 57B\nHTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler channelRead\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] RECEIVED: 2B\n         +-------------------------------------------------+\n         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |\n+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+\n|00000000| 0d 0a                                           |..              |\n+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+\nRCVD: DefaultHttpResponse(decodeResult: success, version: HTTP/1.0)\nHTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler userEventTriggered\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] USER_EVENT: io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandshakeCompletionEvent@1dc9b12c\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler write\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] WRITE: 66B\n         +-------------------------------------------------+\n         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |\n+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+\n|00000000| 01 00 1a 00 16 00 00 00 0b 03 06 05 7e 4c 47 49 |............~LGI|\n|00000010| 4e 03 00 00 00 00 00 98 9a c0 0b 02 02 02 01 00 |N...............|\n|00000020| 20 00 1c 00 00 00 0b 03 06 05 7e 4c 47 49 4e 03 |.........~LGIN.|\n|00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 9c 9a c0 0b 02 06 05 61 64 6d 69 |............admi|\n|00000040| 6e 02                                           |n.              |\n+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler flush\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] FLUSH\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler exceptionCaught\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] EXCEPTION: io.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version\nio.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:347)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:230)\n    at io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.invokeChannelReadNow(ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.java:84)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.invokeChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.java:153)\n    at io.netty.channel.PausableChannelEventExecutor.invokeChannelRead(PausableChannelEventExecutor.java:86)\n    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:389)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:956)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:127)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:514)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:471)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:385)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:351)\n    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:116)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1412)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:280)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:877)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.scan(ForkJoinPool.java:1706)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1661)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:126)\nCaused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version\n    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1619)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1587)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.recvAlert(SSLEngineImpl.java:1756)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:1060)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readNetRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:884)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.unwrap(SSLEngineImpl.java:758)\n    at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:624)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1071)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:938)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:891)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:316)\n   ... 18 more\n\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$TailContext exceptionCaught\nWARNING: An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception.\nio.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:347)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:230)\n    at io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.invokeChannelReadNow(ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.java:84)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.invokeChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.java:153)\n    at io.netty.channel.PausableChannelEventExecutor.invokeChannelRead(PausableChannelEventExecutor.java:86)\n    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:389)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:956)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:127)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:514)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:471)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:385)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:351)\n    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:116)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1412)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:280)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:877)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.scan(ForkJoinPool.java:1706)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1661)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:126)\nCaused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version\n    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1619)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1587)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.recvAlert(SSLEngineImpl.java:1756)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:1060)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readNetRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:884)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.unwrap(SSLEngineImpl.java:758)\n    at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:624)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1071)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:938)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:891)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:316)\n   ... 18 more\n\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler exceptionCaught\nINFO: [id: 0x811e4e4d, /10.0.0.152:54679 => /omitted:443] EXCEPTION: io.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: bad_record_mac\nio.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: bad_record_mac\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:347)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:230)\n    at io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.invokeChannelReadNow(ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.java:84)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.invokeChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.java:153)\n    at io.netty.channel.PausableChannelEventExecutor.invokeChannelRead(PausableChannelEventExecutor.java:86)\n    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:389)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:956)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:127)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:514)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:471)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:385)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:351)\n    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:116)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1412)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:280)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:877)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.scan(ForkJoinPool.java:1706)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1661)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:126)\nCaused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: bad_record_mac\n    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1619)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1587)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.recvAlert(SSLEngineImpl.java:1756)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:1060)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readNetRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:884)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.unwrap(SSLEngineImpl.java:758)\n    at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:624)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1071)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:938)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:891)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:316)\n   ... 18 more\n\nMar 20, 2015 11:54:22 AM io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$TailContext exceptionCaught\nWARNING: An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception.\nio.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: bad_record_mac\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:347)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:230)\n    at io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.invokeChannelReadNow(ChannelHandlerInvokerUtil.java:84)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.invokeChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerInvoker.java:153)\n    at io.netty.channel.PausableChannelEventExecutor.invokeChannelRead(PausableChannelEventExecutor.java:86)\n    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:389)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:956)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:127)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:514)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:471)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:385)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:351)\n    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:116)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1412)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:280)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:877)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.scan(ForkJoinPool.java:1706)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1661)\n    at io.netty.util.internal.chmv8.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:126)\nCaused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: bad_record_mac\n    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1619)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.fatal(SSLEngineImpl.java:1587)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.recvAlert(SSLEngineImpl.java:1756)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:1060)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.readNetRecord(SSLEngineImpl.java:884)\n    at sun.security.ssl.SSLEngineImpl.unwrap(SSLEngineImpl.java:758)\n    at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:624)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1071)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:938)\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:891)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:316)\n   ... 18 more\n\nCould someone please explain to me why I would be getting this error and what I could do to remedy it? I first thought it was the type of object I was using to write the data, i.e. ByteBuf, but I tried many other objects and it seemed to have no effect. I'm certain there's an obvious cause, I'm just not seeing it. I'm pretty new to using SSL with Netty and it's also a shame that I can't find as much documentation as I would think Netty would feature being as widely used as it is.\nI would appreciate any help people could offer.\nEdit:\nInterestingly, using the server (Also Netty and Java) I programmed using same SSL Engine claims it can also make the connection but where it should be receiving my command, it prints this error. This would lead me to believe my client is not properly encoding the ssl packet since the record it reports is in plaintext.\nMar 20, 2015 3:18:36 PM io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$TailHandler exceptionCaught\nWARNING: An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception.\nio.netty.handler.ssl.NotSslRecordException: not an SSL/TLS record: 01000c00080000000b01060470696e67\n    at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:832)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:228)\n    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:141)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:341)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:327)\n    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:785)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:116)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:494)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:461)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:378)\n    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:350)\n    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:116)\n    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)\n\nA: It would seem I'm a total idiot. Like I said, I'm new at using SSL with Netty.\nTurns out within my code under my constructor for SslHandler() there is a second optional boolean named startTLS. If set to True the SslHandler will output your first message as plaintext. I was confused by the javadoc which said StartTLS is the communication pattern that secures the wire in the middle of the plaintext connection. Please note that it is different from SSL/TLS, that secures the wire from the beginning of the connection. and because I was starting the SSL after the HTTP headers were sent, I assumed that StartTLS was what I wanted.\nAgain, I'm disappointed in the lack of Netty Documentation I can find. I'm just relieved that this silly issue is now fixed and I can proceed with reverse engineering this network protocol.\n\nSince enabling the startTLS parameter fixed the issue, can you explain what startTLS does and why your initial understanding of it was incorrect?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "5f258fec31a44f729038f66de53c927a", "conversation_index": 898257, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 934, "prompt": "    ['a', 'hybrid', 'of', 'genetic', 'algorithm', 'and', 'particle', 'swarm', 'optimization', 'for', 'rec', '##urrent', 'network', 'design', 'an', 'evolutionary', 'rec', '##urrent', 'network', 'which', 'auto', '##mates', 'the', 'design', 'of', 'rec', '##urrent', 'neural', '/', 'fuzzy', 'networks', 'using', 'a', 'new', 'evolutionary', 'learning', 'algorithm', 'is', 'proposed', 'in', 'this', 'paper', '.', 'this', 'new', 'evolutionary', 'learning', 'algorithm', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'hybrid', 'of', 'genetic', 'algorithm', '(', 'ga', ')', 'and', 'particle', 'swarm', 'optimization', '(', 'ps', '##o', ')', ',', 'and', 'is', 'thus', 'called', 'h', '##ga', '##ps', '##o', '.', 'in', 'h', '##ga', '##ps', '##o', ',', 'individuals', 'in', 'a', 'new', 'generation', 'are', 'created', ',', 'not', 'only', 'by', 'crossover', 'and', 'mutation', 'operation', 'as', 'in', 'ga', ',', 'but', 'also', 'by', 'ps', '##o', '.', 'the', 'concept', 'of', 'elite', 'strategy', 'is', 'adopted', 'in', 'h', '##ga', '##ps', '##o', ',', 'where', 'the', 'upper', '-', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'best', '-', 'performing', 'individuals', 'in', 'a', 'population', 'are', 'regarded', 'as', 'elites', '.', 'however', ',', 'instead', 'of', 'being', 'reproduced', 'directly', 'to', 'the', 'next', 'generation', ',', 'these', 'elites', 'are', 'first', 'enhanced', '.', 'the', 'group', 'constituted', 'by', 'the', 'elites', 'is', 'regarded', 'as', 'a', 'swarm', ',', 'and', 'each', 'elite', 'corresponds', 'to', 'a', 'particle', 'within', 'it', '.', 'in', 'this', 'regard', ',', 'the', 'elites', 'are', 'enhanced', 'by', 'ps', '##o', ',', 'an', 'operation', 'which', 'mimic', '##s', 'the', 'mat', '##uring', 'phenomenon', 'in', 'nature', '.', 'these', 'enhanced', 'elites', 'constitute', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'population', 'in', 'the', 'new', 'generation', ',', 'whereas', 'the', 'other', 'half', 'is', 'generated', 'by', 'performing', 'crossover', 'and', 'mutation', 'operation', 'on', 'these', 'enhanced', 'elites', '.', 'h', '##ga', '##ps', '##o', 'is', 'applied', 'to', 'rec', '##urrent', 'neural', '/', 'fuzzy', 'network', 'design', 'as', 'follows', '.', 'for', 'rec', '##urrent', 'neural', 'network', ',', 'a', 'fully', 'connected', 'rec', '##urrent', 'neural', 'network', 'is', 'designed', 'and', 'applied', 'to', 'a', 'temporal', 'sequence', 'production', 'problem', '.', 'for', 'rec', '##urrent', 'fuzzy', 'network', 'design', ',', 'a', 'tak', '##agi', '-', 'su', '##gen', '##o', '-', 'kang', '-', 'type', 'rec', '##urrent', 'fuzzy', 'network', 'is', 'designed', 'and', 'applied', 'to"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "0d1ee22788c8cb8ed87369d03606575902955d79b0fee7b0", "conversation_index": 9455, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 16207, "prompt": "\n\nBegin Reading\n\nTable of Contents\n\nAbout the Author\n\nCopyright Page\n\nThank you for buying this\n\nTom Doherty Associates ebook.\n\nTo receive special offers, bonus content,\n\nand info on new releases and other great reads,\n\nsign up for our newsletters.\n\nOr visit us online at\n\nus.macmillan.com/newslettersignup\n\nFor email updates on the author, click here.\nThe author and publisher have provided this e-book to you without Digital Rights Management software (DRM) applied so that you can enjoy reading it on your personal devices. This e-book is for your personal use only. You may not print or post this e-book, or make this e-book publicly available in any way. You may not copy, reproduce, or upload this e-book, other than to read it on one of your personal devices.\n\nCopyright infringement is against the law. If you believe the copy of this e-book you are reading infringes on the author's copyright, please notify the publisher at: us.macmillanusa.com/piracy.\nI led my troop of foragers into the Crow's camp at midmorning, singing about Lillia from Massillia who could service a squadron—and their horses. We'd held up just out of sight to primp, braid our hair, and put on a bright sash or a gold torque. Most of my troopers were common warriors, but our incidental pickings let them dress like nobles.\n\nGalo, my mother's sister's son, was calling the verses from the driver's bench of the cart full of loot we'd taken from the villa we'd sacked two nights before. The woman we'd taken at that place sat beside Galo, proud as a queen. She looked like a scarlet butterfly perched beside a cheerful toad.\n\nSome foragers come in whooping and hollering, but that spooks the herd they're driving. My boys took care of business first, and anybody who didn't learn that right quick got the stuffing knocked out of him before I booted him from the troop.\n\n\"If you're good enough to ride with Taranis,\" they said in the Crow's war band, \"you're good enough to ride back from Hell!\"\n\nWell, my boys say that, anyway. The rest call us cocky bastards, but they know that we generally bring in as much food as any two of the other foraging troops. Galo has an instinct for finding things.\n\nFood was going to be even more important to the war band if the Crow decided to make an example of Caere. The city had good walls, and we might have to sit here till Esus the Wise knew when.\n\nThe line warriors might, that is. We foragers would be miles out from the crowds and the stink.\n\nIt had been raining off and on for a month. The ground had been soft when the Crow had set up here before I left on this drive. Now it was a bog, and even the few latrines that the band had dug were flooded out.\n\nI hate marching camps. I could give lots of reasons why I prefer to lead foragers rather than a wing of the cavalry, but that's the real one.\n\nI checked to see where the Crow's winged standard stood, raised on a high pole. It was a larger duplicate of the bronze rig on his helmet.\n\n\"Take charge of the billeting, Galo,\" I said as I dismounted. \"I'll be back as soon as I report to the chief.\"\n\n\"We'll save you a jar of the good stuff, Top!\" Matisco said.\n\nI tramped through the camp, exchanging greetings with the nobles I met and nodding to warriors who bowed to me. In the field with my boys there's no nonsense about \"yes, lord,\" and \"as you wish, lord,\" but here it has to be different. I left Galo in charge in camp when I was gone, like now, because he had the rank to protect the boys even though his leg was twisted and he couldn't walk right.\n\nMind, my troopers knew to hop it when I gave an order.\n\nThe Crow's tent was pitched on a little hill, but the swale I had to cross to reach it was downstream of one of the abattoirs. I'd walked through worse places, but it didn't make me like the camp any better than I had before.\n\nThe Crow was with three of his thousand-chiefs, but when a servant whispered to him he turned to clasp arms with me. \"Taranis!\" he said. \"Good pickings this time?\"\n\nThe javelin in my left hand was so much a part of me in the field that I'd forgotten I held it until now. Embarrassed, I turned it to point down along my thigh.\n\n\"Good enough, Chief,\" I said. \"Twenty oxen, a couple hundred sheep and goats. There were a few horses too, though nothing special that way.\"\n\n\"Any slaves?\" asked Segolestes. He'd always struck me as greedy, but he wasn't a bad sort. Dubnoreix was the only thousand-chief I didn't have any use for.\n\nI shrugged. \"Twenty or so to drive the carts and badger the herd in,\" I said. \"Any more would've been just useless mouths till we got far enough south to sell them to the Greeks.\"\n\nI looked back at the Crow—looked up at the Crow; he's a hand's breadth taller than I am, and there's few enough I could say that about—and said, \"We brought a woman too, Chief. She's a noble herself, but she says she was a prisoner.\"\n\nThe Crow tugged his left moustache. He had the face of a bird, but to me he was more of a hawk than a crow: thin and sharp, with eyes that saw everything. \"Is there ransom for her?\"\n\n\"I doubt it,\" I said, \"but I didn't really talk to her. She speaks Gaulish and I can pick my way through Etruscan, but we had a scrap at the villa where we found her and, you know, that put me out of thinking beyond the next step.\"\n\n\"Romans?\" asked Orgetereix, putting his right hand on his sword pommel. \"They claim they're chief of all this region, you know.\"\n\n\"I leave politics to my betters,\" I said, which made the Crow snort. I don't swank around, but he knows me too well to think I'd call Orgetereix \"my better\" if I meant it. \"We didn't see any sign of Romans. This was a villa. I figured to take their stock and let the rest be, but they wanted to make a fight about it.\"\n\nIt had gotten close to evening but Galo had kept pushing on, talking about \"the beautiful woman.\" We weren't out for women and anyway, Galo isn't much interested in them most of the time. He has a good nose for cattle, though, so I let him take us farther than I'd planned to go that day.\n\nGalo can ride well enough, but he has to switch horses pretty often because of his weight. He's got the chest and shoulders of two men despite his stumpy legs. Even the good one isn't long enough for his big torso.\n\nHe'd reached the top of the gentle slope we were climbing when he raised his hand to halt us, then waved me forward. The rest of the troop held up, checking their weapons soundlessly.\n\nI walked my horse up beside him to where I could see over the top of the rise. The villa was on a downslope even shallower than what we'd just climbed. There was a good-sized sheepfold to the left of the main building with huts for the servants beyond the fold. To the right was a barn with a shake roof; a servant with a long goad stood by the double door, but the last of a file of oxen was entering without needing encouragement.\n\nI turned, pointed to Matisco, and raised five fingers, then swept my arm around to the left. He immediately led his squad through the brush on that side. That would put them behind the huts to round up the servants when they started to run.\n\nLike I'd told Segolestes, I wasn't out to take slaves. I'd sooner have locals doing the dog work, though. My boys appreciated it, and it left them free to deal with anything that happened to come up.\n\nWe didn't know this territory, and I'd heard the rumors too: that the Romans were going to stop us from taking the contract from the king of Syracuse. They were welcome to try, was how I felt about the Romans; but that didn't mean I wanted to stumble into a hostile army with just my troop of twenty.\n\nIt didn't take long for Matisco to get into position—we all knew the drill. He whistled and I brought the rest of the troop up and over.\n\nI headed for the barn with three men. Seven more under Heune took the sheepfold, and Galo had the rest to use as the business started to play out. There was a four-wheeled wagon under a shed beside the barn. It would be handy for hauling the big jars the locals use to store food and wine.\n\nServants started shouting and running. The fellow with the ox goad looked like he might want to try prodding me with it. Holding the reins against the shaft of the javelin in my left hand, I howled and swung my sword overhead in a circle. He dropped the pole and ducked into the barn, pulling the door shut behind him.\n\nIt couldn't be locked from inside, of course. I jumped off my horse and stuck the butt-spike of my javelin in the crack, then levered the door open fast. My sword point was aimed toward the face of anybody who decided to come out and try conclusions, but nobody did. I was about to shout for the servants to give up before we had to go in after them, that nobody would get hurt—\n\nAnd right then the landowner and what turned out to be six bodyguards rushed us from the main house.\n\nAlbos must've been nosing toward the house, which he shouldn't have done, so they were almost on him when they burst out the front door. He flung a javelin but it stuck in the shield of the fellow with the horsehair plume in the top of his helmet. Albos tried to run, but a guard speared him through the left thigh and he went down with blood soaking his trousers black in the sunset.\n\nAnother of the bunched guards brought back his spear to finish the job, but I hit the middle of them shouting, \"The sky smites you down!\" though they probably couldn't have understood the words even if they spoke Gaulish.\n\nIt might've been smarter to back away and see just what we were up against, but they'd have put paid to Albos if I'd done that. And anyhow, that's never been my way.\n\nThe leader was easy to spot from his plume and the fact that he was waving a sword while his guards just had spears. One of them thrust at me from the left, but I slanted his point away with my javelin shaft and swung down at the leader.\n\nHe hadn't managed to get either his shield or his short, hook-bladed sword up in time. I caught his helmet on the sweet spot of my blade, a handsbreadth back from the point. He went down like a sacrificed ox, and that was about all there was to the fight.\n\nJavelins feathered the guards' shields. One man dropped and then Galo, still on his horse, swiped the left-end man with his massive iron prybar as he rode past. He hit the fellow's shield, dishing in the boss and cracking the wood so it folded over.\n\nThose who still could run tried to now, throwing away their shields, but Matisco and his squad were coming around from behind. I started to pick up a dropped shield—I don't like them but believe me, a shield is a better choice than a javelin when you're charging a line of spears.\n\nNo matter. I'd been lucky, and I didn't need a shield now after all. All the guards were down, and my boys were cutting their throats to make sure they stayed that way.\n\n\"Top, are you all right?\" Galo said.\n\n\"Yeah, I didn't get a scratch,\" I said, but as I turned toward him the bloody side of my tunic pulled at the track that spear had plowed along my ribs. The wool had stuck to the flesh. When I tore it away, it hurt like a demon was chewing it.\n\n\"It's all right,\" I muttered. Galo ripped cloth from the dead leader's tunic and tied it as a bandage under my own garment. That way seeping blood didn't make my clothes stick to me.\n\nGalo paused to pull a small iron box off the leader's neck chain. It was iron too, but Galo just gave a twist of his big hand and broke the links.\n\nI went into the main house, walking fast so that nobody would see how I was shaking. It's always like that afterward for me.\n\nAlbos had bled out anyway; the spear had split the artery in his thigh. You don't think about what's the smartest thing to do when you're in a fight, though; if you do, you're not a man. Also you lose, but losing a fight is nothing compared to losing your manhood.\n\nThe house had two rooms to each side of the passage in the middle and a big room in the back. Fabric hangings covered the side doorways, all but the farther one on the right.\n\nI could hear women sobbing behind the hangings, but I wouldn't have worried about somebody coming out behind me with a knife even if several of the boys hadn't followed me. I still had my sword in my right hand, but that was because I wasn't sure I could find the mouth of the scabbard with the point until I stopped trembling so bad.\n\nI'd meant to go to the end room where lamplight showed through the doorway, but I saw that the iron-bound door to the right was barred on the hall side. I decided to see what was there before I checked the end room. Using the butt of my javelin, I lifted the bar and pushed the panel open with my foot.\n\nI didn't like the feel of the house. My shakes had settled, but I wasn't sorry for the sword in my hand.\n\nA woman sat facing me in a straight-backed chair, lighted by the oil lamp hanging from a wall bracket. She didn't need an expensive red robe and gold clasps to show that she was no servant.\n\n\"Are you the owner's widow?\" I said in Etruscan, just to make sure she knew where she stood.\n\n\"Mamurcus was my jailer, not my husband,\" she said, speaking in Gaulish and cool as you please. \"Who are you?\"\n\nThere were bars on the room's small window, though the bed was made of bronze and figured wood, and the chair legs had ivory inlays. Prisoner she may have been, but she wasn't a common criminal.\n\n\"I'm Lord Taranis,\" I said, switching to Gaulish—she had a Boian accent, but she was a lot more fluent than I was in Etruscan. \"So far as you're concerned, I'm your lord and master!\"\n\nShe smiled. \"Taranis is good enough,\" she said. \"Mamurcus was a noble and a great wizard, but I wouldn't call him my master. I'm certainly not going to do that for a trouser-wearing Gaul who's waving a sword at me.\"\n\nI used the hem of my tunic to wipe the blade, then sheathed it at my right side. The garment was rags now. The spear cut could be sewn up and the blood washed out of the cloth, but I didn't want to be reminded of how close it had been every time I put it on in the future.\n\n\"Come on, then,\" I said. \"We'll spend the night here and take you back to the main camp in the morning. We've made a good enough haul tonight that we don't have to stay out longer.\"\n\nI grinned at her. \"Unless you'd like to argue with me?\" I said.\n\nIf she'd given the wrong answer, I'd have slapped her out of the chair. I didn't mind being called a trouser-wearing Gaul, since I was one right enough; but prisoners needed to know their place. I wouldn't put my sword through her as I would one of the servants if he got uppity, but I wasn't in the mood for an argument.\n\n\"I don't mind at all, Taranis,\" she said, standing up gracefully. I'd expected her movements to be as stiff as she sounded. \"I'm grateful to you for freeing me from Mamurcus, which I was unable to do myself. My name's Alpnu, by the way. Lady Alpnu to commoners, but I think Alpnu to you.\"\n\nI thought of tying her overnight—the servants we wanted for labor we shut in the barn—but she ate with us and went back to her room afterwards. In the morning I put her in the cart with Galo, though she said she could ride. She wasn't any trouble on the way back.\n\nNow I looked at the Crow and tugged my moustache again. \"I figure to talk to her today, maybe talk to the servants we brought back too. When I learn more, you can decide what to do with her.\"\n\n\"Are you staying long in camp?\" said Orgetereix. \"I'm worried about what the Romans have in mind.\"\n\nThen you can bloody well go tramp through mud and watch them, I thought, but what I said was \"I figure five or six days. I need to replace one of the boys; and anyway, the troop deserves some downtime. We've been in the field eight days out of ten for the past two months.\"\n\nWhich was fine with me, but some of the boys had regular arrangements with women in the train. Besides, we all wanted to get thoroughly drunk on the wine we'd been bringing in. You don't tie one on in the field unless you want to find your head decorating somebody else's trophy.\n\nRight then Galo blew the alarm call. His dog-headed horn was tuned higher than most and had a whistle in the throat instead of a clapper.\n\n\"That's for me!\" I said, turning and running toward the sound, just like I'd do in the field. I might have some explaining to do with the Crow when things settled down, but that was for later.\n\nNow my troop needed me, and nothing—no one—would get in the way of that call.\n\n* * *\n\nI didn't draw my sword as I ran through the camp. When I got to Galo—he'd just climbed down from the cart, pretty much where I'd left him—I was glad of that: he was facing Dubnoreix.\n\nDubnoreix's brother Liscus was there too, leading his housemen. They all had their helmets and shields.\n\nI wasn't afraid of them, but eleven to one was longer odds than I could win at even if I'd had my shield. Running up waving my sword would've given Dubnoreix an excuse to finish me the way he's been wanting to do ever since we were boys and I'd broken his arm with a branch I took away from him after he'd swung it at me.\n\nDubnoreix had backed the Etruscan woman, Alpnu, against the wagon. He turned to face me when I arrived, which let her sidle a little farther way. She wasn't cowering, but she didn't want to be any closer to Dubnoreix than she had to—for which I didn't blame her.\n\n\"Greetings, cousin!\" I called. \"I expected to see you when I reported to the chief!\"\n\n\"Greetings, Taranis,\" Dubnoreix said. He looked flushed and was clenching and unclenching his right hand. \"I was looking at your prisoner here, and she bit me. I think I'll take her to my tent to teach her a little discipline.\"\n\nWhen we'd gotten to camp my troopers had headed off to get outside a few skins of wine, but they came rushing back at the horn call. They wouldn't get involved in a fight between nobles, though, and I didn't expect them to. I wasn't nearly so sure of what Dubnoreix's housemen would do, though, and Liscus was noble himself.\n\n\"Sorry, coz,\" I said, walking toward him. I wanted to gasp after my run back at the horn call, but I kept control of my breathing to seem nonchalant. \"The chief and I were just discussing her. When we decide what to do, we'll let you know.\"\n\nThat was close enough to the truth that the Crow wouldn't take my head off when he learned what I'd said, and it put Dubnoreix on notice to mind how he went no matter how mad he was. It looked like he'd stroked Alpnu's cheek and she'd snapped at his finger. I'd have laughed if things weren't already so tense.\n\nDubnoreix's hand quivered toward his sword hilt, and his face got redder yet. \"I think you're forgetting that I'm a thousand-chief, Taranis,\" he said, his voice mushy with anger.\n\n\"I think you're forgetting that I'm not in your thousand, Dubnoreix,\" I said. I kept my voice calm, for a wonder, but there was the least tremble in it that warned anybody listening that I was getting close to the edge myself.\n\nThere was a bustle behind me. That was what I'd been waiting for.\n\n\"My blood's just as good as yours, cousin!\" I said. \"And that's if Kervan really was your father and not his horse-holder.\"\n\n\"Bastard!\" Dubnoreix shouted, which would've been funny if I'd had time to think about it: there weren't any rumors about my mother. He swung his shield in front of his body and reached for the sword hanging at his right side. Instead of drawing my own sword, I stepped forward and stabbed at his sword hilt with the javelin in my left hand.\n\nMy point clacked against the ivory. Dubnoreix shouted and jerked his bloody hand up. I stepped back, my empty right hand raised at my side.\n\n\"Stop this!\" the Crow bellowed. \"Put away your arms or your heads are forfeit!\"\n\nI stuck my javelin into the soil and backed another pace without turning my head. \"At your lordship's command!\" I said.\n\nLiscus clanged his sword back into its sheath; the other housemen hadn't drawn theirs. I'm not sure what Dubnoreix would have done if I hadn't struck his sword hand, but right now his little finger lay on the ground. He dropped his shield so that he could squeeze the stump with his left hand.\n\n\"Dubnoreix, get your rabble to their tents right now!\" the Crow said, stepping past me. He'd paused to put on his winged helmet, making him look even taller than before. The other thousand-chiefs had come along with him, but they were hanging well back.\n\nI lowered my hands slowly, but I didn't budge from where I was standing. I knew the Crow would have words for me after he'd settled with Dubnoreix.\n\n\"My lord, he struck me!\" Dubnoreix said.\n\n\"You drew your sword on a man who wasn't armed to receive you!\" said the Crow. \"You're lucky a finger was all you lost. Get to your tents, I said!\"\n\nHe pointed with his left arm and two extended fingers. I was looking at him from behind, and he sure as fate chilled my bones.\n\nDubnoreix walked away straight-backed, but he walked. Liscus picked up his brother's shield and followed. The rest of the housemen had already slunk off in the direction Dubnoreix's clan was camped.\n\nThe Crow turned to me. I met his eyes, but I said, \"My lord,\" in as respectful a tone as I could.\n\n\"Well, Taranis,\" the Crow said. \"Feeling clever, are you?\"\n\n\"No, my lord,\" I said. \"This was nothing I wanted to happen. I'm sorry that it did.\"\n\nThat was true, but I liked the result better than I would have liked some of the ways it might have turned out. Dubnoreix and his gang showing up fully armed the way they did must have been a deliberate plan to either make me back down or to start a fight I couldn't win.\n\n\"Are you sorry?\" said the Crow. He snorted. \"Well, I guess you will be; I'm not having brawls between my chiefs here in the camp. Get out and forage in the direction of Rome. I don't want you back in the camp for ten days unless there's a Roman army at your heels.\"\n\nI thought of about a dozen ways I could answer that. The best result I'd get from backtalk would be no result; and as angry as the Crow was, I could lose my head if something I said stepped hard enough on his corns.\n\n\"Yes, my lord,\" I said, bobbing my head. \"We'll ride out as soon as I can gather the boys.\"\n\nI looked around. Galo's horn had brought most of them, though we'd probably want fresh mounts from the remuda. Galo needed a string of horses just for himself.\n\n\"Get on with it, then,\" the Crow said, turning on his heel and stalking off. When he was angry his face pulled itself thinner, and he looked even more like a hawk.\n\nI pulled my javelin from the ground and wiped the mud off with my tunic. I was trembling again, furious with Dubnoreix and the Crow both—though I knew the Crow was right—the last thing we needed was a clan fight in the middle of the war band. I'd been looking forward to a few days off, and the boys had been even more of that mind.\n\n\"Aw, Top!\" Matisco said. \"I been looking forward to seeing my girlfriend like you wouldn't believe. Can't we stay over tonight at least?\"\n\nI turned and raised my hand to knock him down. Galo caught my arm and said, \"Top, let him be! We're all on edge!\"\n\nIf you want to know how strong Galo was, let me tell you that my fist didn't move a hairsbreadth after he grabbed me. I wouldn't say there was another man alive who could've stopped me from letting my anger out—on the wrong guy.\n\nMatisco's just a little fellow and a bloody useful one, I thought. I'd have broken his neck if I'd hit him square.\n\n\"Sorry, Top,\" Matisco muttered. \"I'll get the packhorses ready.\"\n\n\"Wait,\" I said. My voice was a growl that even I couldn't have understood. Louder and more clearly, I said, \"Hold up, all of you! This job doesn't need a whole troop, it just needs one man. You're all off duty until I get back, which I figure will be ten days. Galo, if there's a problem, go straight to the Crow—but I don't think there will be.\"\n\n\"Top, I want to go with you,\" Galo said. He was wearing a clear jewel on a gold chain. The loop was almost too tight to fit around his neck.\n\n\"Yeah, all right,\" I said. I wasn't surprised, and I was just as glad to have Galo along. \"Matisco, you're in charge of the troop while I'm gone. Don't start trouble, and if anybody else does let the Crow sort it out. Dubnoreix's problem is with me, not with you lot, so just make sure it stays that way.\"\n\n\"Right, Top,\" Matisco said, bobbing his head. \"We'll keep outa trouble, don't worry.\"\n\n\"Taranis,\" the woman said. \"Take me too. It's not safe for me to be here in the camp.\"\n\n\"Why should I care how safe you are?\" I said. It wasn't fair to blame her for the trouble, but that's how I felt.\n\n\"Why should you care about Dubnoreix having his way after all?\" she said, raising a mocking eyebrow. \"If you don't know the answer to that, you're not the man I thought you were.\"\n\nI laughed; she was a sharp little piece, no doubt about that. \"All right,\" I said, \"but you'd better be able to ride the way you claim you can. I swear by the Dagda that I'll drag you on a rope if you can't.\"\n\nThis time she laughed. \"Get me a horse, then, and you can judge for yourself. And I think we'd better do it soon, because your chief didn't sound like he meant maybe when he told you to get moving.\"\n\nI grunted and led the way to the corral. Galo stumped along behind.\n\n* * *\n\nVincingo, the warband's head wrangler, likes me and my troop. Whenever we stumble on something particularly good, we make sure there's some of it left for him.\n\nThat means we get our pick of the horses; better, we get Vincingo's pick, because he knows them better than any of us do. We don't get pretty-looking mounts that don't have stamina, or are shortsighted, or are likely to kick for no reason except they've got a clear shot at your ribs; those horses go to other troops.\n\nVincingo and his crew had already started to cut out mounts for me and Galo when I arrived at the corral. I'd just as soon not have been the day's hot gossip, but it made getting out of camp quicker and easier than it would've been if I'd had to explain why we were leaving again when we'd just got in.\n\nVincingo hadn't heard Alpnu was going with us, though, and she had her own opinions about horses. They were choosing one for her while the crew put together strings for me and Galo.\n\nWhile we waited, I had my first chance to relax since we'd gotten back to the camp. That's what I was doing, leaning on a post and trying to forget the gouge along my ribs, when Galo said, \"I wish that woman wasn't coming along.\"\n\nI opened my eyes; looking at Galo was better than the way my memories were turning. \"She rides well enough,\" I said, nodding toward Alpnu and Vincingo. \"Rides better than me, anyhow.\"\n\nAnother thought struck me, and I said, \"Or are you worried that she'll get away? Don't be. I think the Crow would be just as glad if she disappeared, given the trouble she's been already. I wouldn't mind either.\"\n\nThat last part wasn't quite true. Alpnu was a puzzle, and I like figuring things out. The problems I play with aren't usually people, though. If she ran, I wasn't going to hunt her down.\n\n\"I'd like it if she disappeared,\" Galo said, wrinkling his forehead. \"Etruscan women are witches, you know.\"\n\nI laughed and said, \"All women are witches, Galo, I figured that out before I was sixteen, and nothing I've seen since has changed my mind.\"\n\nThe sun caught the clear jewel on Galo's chest. It was a perfect sphere the size of the nail of my index finger. It hadn't been drilled: gold wire held it to a gold neck chain.\n\n\"Galo,\" I said, \"where in hell did you find that necklace?\"\n\nI spoke partly to change the subject. I didn't know what I thought about Alpnu, and at the back of my mind I was afraid Galo was right.\n\n\"It was in the box that the Etruscan chief wore around his neck,\" Galo said uncomfortably. \"Do you want it, Taranis? You killed him, I guess.\"\n\nSomething as valuable as that ought to be turned over to the Crow, to be granted at his will. That would generally be to the warrior who took it, but you didn't want to get above yourself with the Crow. On the other hand, Galo didn't take anything for himself—and I took bloody little. If he wanted this bauble, I'd make it all right if anybody pushed the point.\n\n\"No, I don't like things around my neck,\" I said. The stone didn't have any color, but sometimes the sun hit it so that it blazed like when bellows drive a smith's fire. \"Why d'you suppose he wore such a pretty thing in an iron box?\"\n\nGalo shrugged. \"I just like it,\" he said. \"It makes me think of the woman I dream about.\"\n\nI clapped him on the shoulder and said, \"It's yours, then. And here comes Vincingo and Alpnu back, so I guess we can be out of here as quick as we want to. Which I say is pretty quick!\"\n\n* * *\n\nGalo was leading like he usually does when we're heading out from camp. Normally there'd be a couple of the boys as outriders, but it's Galo who says which way when a path forks or we have to pick our way through tangles, which is often enough.\n\nThe locals—the Etruscans—farm, but they keep moving the plowed fields around so most of the country is growing up in brush at any one time. Not a life I'd want.\n\nGalo had his prybar crossways on his pommel like always. He was too clumsy on his legs to fight in the line, but believe me, nobody got up after Galo hit them with that length of iron.\n\nI wasn't planning to fight on this outing. If something came up, though, we'd deal the best we could, just as we did when it was my whole troop.\n\n\"Has your man always been crippled or did he break his leg as a child?\" Alpnu asked. We were side by side on this path. She rode well, but she'd never had to lead a string, so I led the remounts for me and Galo and the packhorse with the tarp and food for a couple days.\n\n\"Don't let him hear you call him crippled,\" I said. \"He'll tell you he's as strong as any two men, and that's true of any two men I've met. But yeah, he was born like he is now.\"\n\nThere weren't any wheel ruts in the path, but the vegetation alongside was grass that came up to the horses' knees, no trouble to ride through. I had enough slack in the line that I usually didn't have to pull up when one of the horses paused to shit; that was the closest thing there was to a problem.\n\n\"Galo isn't really'my man,' either,\" I said. \"He's wellborn, as good as anybody, but he'd have had a hard time of it if he hadn't stuck to me from when we were boys. His leg you see, but he's a little funny in the head too.\"\n\n\"You're a kind man, Taranis,\" Alpnu said.\n\nI looked at her, about as surprised as if she'd just flapped her arms and flown away. \"I'm as hard as I need to be,\" I said. \"Don't you ever doubt that.\"\n\n\"I don't,\" she said. \"Why doesn't your friend Galo like me?\"\n\nI pursed my lips, then laughed. \"Galo thinks you're a witch,\" I said. \"Don't worry, I've told him you're all right. He won't cross me.\"\n\n\"I am a witch,\" Alpnu said, meeting my eyes. Her voice was calm as you please. \"Does that change your opinion of me?\"\n\nYeah, it feels like somebody's cold hand just grabbed my heart, I thought, but that wasn't something that a man says. Besides, she was making a joke. A bad joke.\n\n\"You said Mamurcus was a witch too,\" I said, \"and he didn't give me much of a problem. I guess I'll take my chances with you.\"\n\n\"You took Mamurcus unaware,\" Alpnu replied, just as calm and serious as she'd been before. \"Besides, you were holding iron in front of you. Mamurcus kept me bound within iron and under a roof, too; my powers come from the sky, not the ground like his.\"\n\nI laughed. I suppose it sounded phony. Dagda knows, it deserved to sound phony.\n\n\"So if Dubnoreix had dragged you off to his bed, you'd have turned him into a toad?\" I said. \"That's what you mean?\"\n\nAlpnu smiled. If I'd seen that smile on the face of a man coming at me, I'd have known to be careful.\n\n\"No, but before morning he might have felt a dagger coming up through his kidney,\" she said. \"I suppose it would be a matter of how much pleasure he'd given me. I've found that most men aren't worth keeping around.\"\n\nI didn't blurt anything, but she'd shocked me. I swallowed and said, \"My people expect our women to be faithful.\"\n\nI sounded like one of the priests lecturing boys on the customs of the tribe. I felt myself blush, and that made me even madder than I'd been before.\n\nAlpnu smiled again. This time it was the kind of expression a warrior gets from women often enough after a victory celebration... as I know well.\n\n\"Then you'd better not take your women from my people,\" Alpnu said.\n\nThe path was narrowing with spiky brush on either side. She clucked at her horse and rode ahead.\n\nThat suited me better than I'd have cared to say.\n\n* * *\n\nWe rode through the afternoon and into the evening, much longer than I'd planned. We needed to get a ways out from the camp, but I'd have been willing to set up anywhere after the first five miles. Galo kept pushing on.\n\nI didn't move up alongside Alpnu again when the path would have permitted it. She glanced back over her shoulder once, but she faced front again when I pretended not to notice.\n\nI didn't know what to think about her. Not thinking about her seemed a better idea.\n\nThe dark clouds didn't improve my mood. I wasn't hearing thunder, but occasionally heat lightning flickered to the south.\n\nThe farms and villas near the camp had been deserted. Occasional chickens and a goat or two wandered about, probably wishing they hadn't been left behind when their owners rushed in panic into Caere.\n\nFarther on we didn't run into any habitations, abandoned or otherwise. I wasn't worried—I've slept rough often enough in the past—but it puzzled me. Galo was leading us more directly eastward than most of our foraging runs had been. That was the direction of Rome, which is where we were supposed to be going, but we weren't crossing any roads. There must be some; Rome claimed to be the chief city around here, after all.\n\nI thought of asking Alpnu what she knew about the region, but I decided not to. Or I could bring Galo back and talk to him directly; it was about time to take a break and switch out our horses again.\n\nA young goat poked her head out of the brush up the slope to our left and watched us. That decided me: if she hadn't moved, I probably wouldn't have noticed her.\n\nSorry, girl, I thought as I transferred one of my three javelins to my right hand. I spitted her through the neck, which wasn't a bad cast at fifty feet from horseback. She bounded out of sight, spraying blood. She wouldn't get far.\n\n\"Galo!\" I shouted—he was over a hundred feet ahead. \"Come back here and we'll camp!\"\n\nI wouldn't normally have made so much noise when we were in the field, but we hadn't seen any sign of humans for over a mile except for maybe the goat. Even she might have been born wild instead of having been abandoned when the Crow moved south.\n\nI swung off my mount, wondering if it would stand if I dropped the reins. I hadn't ridden this one before. Alpnu walked her horse back and took the reins from my hand without speaking.\n\nGalo was picking his way toward me; he didn't look happy. Well, I wasn't happy either. I didn't like this place, and it didn't look like we were going to find a better one before night—and maybe rain—caught us.\n\nI unlaced the goat where it had fallen and lifted it by the hind legs to drain as much of the blood as I could. Blood spooks a lot of horses, and all it would take to finish off this wretched day would be to have to hunt our skittish mounts in a rainstorm.\n\nI brought the goat back to Galo and the woman. Before I could speak, Galo said, \"Look, Taranis. Let's just go over the hill ahead, all right? I think it's close.\"\n\n\"Bloody hell, Galo, what's close?\" I said. \"I don't like this place!\"\n\n\"Well, we won't stay here,\" Galo said, clutching the jewel with his left hand. \"We'll go to the next valley, that's all.\"\n\nI grimaced. It couldn't be worse than where we were.\n\n\"All right,\" I said, \"but we camp there, that's final. I don't know what you're playing at, Galo, but I've had about enough of it.\"\n\nI didn't get the last of my words out before he rode off in the way he'd been going. I mounted and laid the goat over my pommel. At least we'd have fresh food tonight, though I'd have to grill the goat. I hadn't packed a pot to boil it.\n\n\"There is something very bad nearby,\" Alpnu said. She was riding alongside me again. \"Your friend clearly senses things that are hidden to others, but he doesn't seem bothered by this.\"\n\n\"I've never known Galo to lead us wrong,\" I said. \"Maybe this'll turn out to be a good idea too.\"\n\nI put in that last bit to make myself feel better. I touched the hilt of my sword. Mostly the long blade just shows my rank; this evening I felt better for the weight hanging against my right thigh. My troopers carry daggers or the short, hook-bladed Etruscan swords. Those are as good as a hatchet to chop kindling or joint meat.\n\nThe slope down from the crest was steeper than most of the grades we'd followed, but the valley itself was open. Outcrops poked from the ground. The few scattered trees looked spindly, and even the grass was sparse.\n\nGalo dismounted where the hillside started to flatten, near a face of bare rock. There wasn't any dry wood, but I could split one of the old windfalls beneath a pair of junipers to expose the punk inside. If I could build the fire before the rain hit, we'd be all right.\n\n\"We'll shelter under these trees,\" I said. \"Alpnu, you help Galo with the tarps and I'll get the fire going.\"\n\nI split the branch with my dagger and trimmed curls from the heart of it. Alpnu said quietly, \"Your friend isn't listening to you.\"\n\nI looked up in surprise. Instead of unloading the packhorse, Galo had spiked the sharp end of his prybar into the face of the bare stone. He put his weight onto it, levering sideways.\n\nThere was a crack! and rocks tumbled down. Galo leaped back. The chunks ranged from grit to blocks you could use to build a foundation. Some of the big ones seemed to have been squared off.\n\n\"Galo, what do you have there?\" I said. I'd started to unpack my fire starter, but I set the bundle down and got to my feet.\n\nAlpnu was watching with an expression I couldn't read. Her lips moved but I didn't hear any sounds.\n\nGalo ignored me and stepped toward the rock face again. What had broken away was just sheathing, but beneath it was a bulging plug, a boulder.\n\nGalo thrust his bar between the plug and the living rock, then leaned against it. His bare toes were hooked over a low outcrop on the slope below.\n\nI started toward him, but Alpnu touched my elbow. I glanced at her, but her eyes were fixed on Galo and the cave he was struggling to open.\n\nI didn't move closer after all. The thick bar was bending. I didn't know what was going on, but when the strain let up—however that happened—it would be with a bang. Anything in the path of the bar or its broken end would be smashed to cat's meat.\n\nThe earth trembled with a grinding sound. I looked up to see if an avalanche had started on the higher slope, but it was the stone plug beginning to turn outward. It must weigh as much as a warship, but the bar in Galo's hands was moving it.\n\nI saw what was about to happen and threw my arms around Alpnu as I ran out of its path. The boulder swelled from the mouth of the cave.\n\nIt was like watching the sky fall. It didn't move quickly, especially at first, but it was unthinkably massive when it tipped forward.\n\nPebbles from the sheathing had remained on the cave's threshold. Puffs of dust crackled as the boulder's weight crushed them.\n\nGalo gave a great shout and toppled sideways, clinging with both hands to his bar. The iron glowed faintly toward the pointed end where it had begun to bend.\n\nThe boulder began to roll as deliberately as a pregnant ewe, juddering slightly from side to side. It missed Galo's sprawled legs by what must have been a whisker, and on the other side of the cave entrance it missed me and Alpnu too.\n\nThe stone cut a track through the thin soil to the underlying rock. The ground this near the valley floor was nearly flat, but weight kept it moving for as long as there was any slope at all. I hadn't noticed the ground shaking until it stopped when the boulder finally came to rest in the line of sedges several hundred feet away.\n\nI let go of the woman and jumped the furrow to see how Galo was. He lay on his back, breathing through his mouth like a bellows. His eyes were open but unfocused. The bar in his hands was three fingers' thick, but the lower end now showed a noticeable curve.\n\n\"He ripped his tunic,\" Alpnu said in a wondering voice. \"When his muscles bulged they tore the cloth, and his tunic hadn't been tight.\"\n\n\"Yes,\" I said. \"He's just wrung out. You can't blame him.\"\n\nI thrust the butt-spikes of two javelins into the ground so that they stood upright, then straightened and drew my sword. Keeping the remaining javelin in my left hand to parry with, I started into the cave. It was round and almost higher than I could have reached by raising my bare hand.\n\nI couldn't take a full swing with the sword, but I could still thrust. My point doesn't have a long taper, but it's sharp enough to do the job with my arm behind it.\n\n\"I don't think you should go in there,\" Alpnu said. \"It's a bad place.\"\n\nI shuffled forward. I hadn't asked her opinion.\n\nBesides, I didn't need it. I could feel that something wasn't right, even without the tang of brimstone in the air.\n\nSome light made it past me from the entrance, but it was getting late in the day and the clouds were building up besides. I thought about lighting a fire as I'd started to do, then going in with a torch.\n\nThat was a good idea—except that it meant a delay. There was nobody here to wonder if I was a coward; well, there was Alpnu, but I didn't care what she thought.\n\nOnly I'd wonder if I was a coward too, if I didn't go straight in.\n\nI laughed. My voice sounded like a squirrel complaining, but it really was a laugh. I didn't expect to live forever, and I'd never figured I was going to die in bed surrounded by my grandchildren either.\n\nThe tunnel went back forty-five, maybe fifty, feet, and it stayed just as wide across. My eyes were adapting to the shadows, but there wasn't much to see.\n\nOn the ground near the far end was a lump. Rock, I figured, but the tunnel sides were smooth so it couldn't have fallen from one of them. It had maybe rolled back from the entrance when Galo levered the plug away.\n\nThe tunnel ended in a flat wall with the sheen of metal, not stone like the sides. On the left edge was a crossbolt as thick as my wrist, and there were bumps that must be hinges on the right.\n\nWhere does the door lead?\n\nThe tunnel darkened a moment, then went back to as much light as before. Somebody'd stood in the entrance behind me, then moved away before I could shout at them.\n\nIt'd probably been the woman. From the way Galo had looked when I'd checked him, he wasn't going to be moving for a while yet.\n\nI stopped in front of the big rock. I could step past it easy, though it was more than I could life. Maybe even more than Galo could lift, though after what I saw him do with the plug I wouldn't swear to that.\n\nI tapped it with the point of my javelin. There was a clink—what I'd thought was rock was iron—and a crackle of blue light in it that made my hand tingle.\n\nI backed a step. I could hear Alpnu's voice but not the words; she was chanting or singing at the entrance.\n\nThe lump of iron quivered. I thought it was swelling, but that was pieces folding up from the edges and spreading out. There were more blue flickers and a hiss like water starting to boil.\n\nI backed another step and shouted, \"Keep out of the way! I may be coming out of here fast!\"\n\nI hoped that Alpnu could understand what I was saying. I sure wasn't going to turn my head away from whatever was happening.\n\nA head lifted, a lump on a bigger lump, and in the middle of it were two trembling flickers where eyes would have been on a man. It was metal but it was alive.\n\nI backed a step and a step and a step, not running—I didn't turn—but not wasting time either. I wanted room to swing my sword properly.\n\nThe central lump rose, lifting on a pair of spindly legs. They were longer than mine and the thing's arms were touching both sidewalls without even fully extending. Whenever the limbs moved, there were little crackles of lightning at the joints.\n\nThe thing came toward me. I lunged, striking its torso just where the neck supported the lumpy head. I hadn't planned to do that until the instant my right foot slid forward and my arm stretched to full length. You can't plan a fight, you move when the other fellow leaves himself open.\n\nA blue flash outlined the metal creature and ran up my sword. The shock threw me backwards onto the floor. I couldn't move, I couldn't even breathe, and the only reason I still held my sword is that my hand was clamped to the hilt as though it was welded there.\n\nThe creature stepped forward stiffly, walking on jointed legs like a spider. It extended its right arm toward me. Instead of a hand, it had pincers.\n\nAlpnu shouted something. Yellow light flashed over me and wrapped the creature. The color looked warm after the series of vivid blue-white flashes.\n\nThe arm reaching for me halted, twitching. Alpnu grabbed my harness and dragged me back. I barely felt myself sliding over the smooth stone floor, but I'd caught a glimpse of her set face as she bent over me.\n\nThe creature worried the light that tangled it the way a kitten plays with a web of yarn. The sticky yellowishness faded. The creature came on again, not quickly, but as surely as the rolling boulder which had freed it.\n\nThe sky had started to spatter rain; drops splashed on my upturned face when Alpnu got me outside. I could move again; I rolled onto all fours and stood. My limbs felt swollen, but my legs supported me and my arms worked well enough that I could sheathe my sword.\n\nI didn't know how I was going to kill that creature, but jabbing it with steel wasn't one of the choices anymore. I moved away, wondering what was left.\n\nGalo was sitting up now, though he hadn't moved from where he'd fallen. The creature reached the mouth of the tunnel; it paused there, light flickering in its eyes.\n\n\"Galo, back off from this thing!\" I shouted. \"Don't hit it with your bar!\"\n\nThough maybe that was the way after all, given how strong Galo was. The shock would knock him on his back, but if it finished off the creature—\n\nIt came out of the cave, walking toward me. I wonder how fast it can run if I decide to leg it for the Crow and the rest of the war band?\n\nWell, that was one of the questions I'd never learn the answer to. One of the blocks from the outside of the cliff face was nearly as big as my torso, too heavy to lift; but I knelt to grab it, then jerked it off the ground. I got it shoulder high when I straightened.\n\nAlpnu stood nearby, her lips moving and her arms lifted to the heavens. I supposed she was praying. That would do at least as much good as when I stabbed at the thing.\n\nI expected Galo to bash the creature with his prybar even if he'd understood what I'd told him. Instead he ducked behind it into the tunnel when it stalked out toward me.\n\nI'd have been furious with Galo if I'd been able to think, but I was focused on the massive stone I held. I saw only a red blur, I felt a red blur, and I took one stride forward and straightened my arms, pushing the stone away.\n\nI don't know if I was holding the stone when it hit the creature. I pitched backward with the effort of throwing something that weighed twice as much as I did. The blast an instant later sprayed me with powdered rock, the shattered remains of the dense block.\n\nThe creature stood, untouched and unmoved; its metal body was slicked by the rain that was becoming heavy. It bent slightly, reaching for me.\n\nA lightning bolt spat from the clouds.\n\nThe world turned white. I felt my sprawled body flip end for end, but I don't know whether the earth had shaken that hard or if it had been my own muscles jerking from the nearby lightning. The creature was a flat black silhouette against the brightness.\n\nI hit the ground again, on my face. I turned so that I could see.\n\nThe creature had vanished, all but a pool of metal on the burned ground, shimmering as the rain pelted and cooled it.\n\n* * *\n\nI was shivering from more than the cold rain. Alpnu bent over me and put her fingertips on my temples. I seemed warmer in a way that reminded me of the feeling I'd gotten when her rope of yellow light tangled the creature.\n\n\"What was it?\" I said.\n\n\"That was the guardian,\" Alpnu said. \"Opening the cave was a mistake, a terrible mistake. Get up quickly. I know what your friend's jewel is now. It called him to it.\"\n\nI didn't think I'd be able to move, but there wasn't even the ache I should've felt from lifting the stone. I did lift it, didn't I? Am I dreaming in a fever?\n\nAlpnu tugged me toward the cave. That was a good idea. We couldn't light a fire with the rain pissing down like this, but at least we could get into shelter.\n\n\"We have to get that jewel away from your friend,\" Alpnu said. \"It may be too late already.\"\n\n\"Then I hope he'll give it to me,\" I said, talking more to myself than to the woman. Taking something away from Galo that he didn't want to give up was business for more men than just me.\n\nHe'd offered me the jewel back in the Crow's camp, but something had changed in Galo since then. If he said no, I wasn't going to fill him with javelins and take it off his body. That was the only way I was sure would work.\n\nWe walked into the cave. The floor curved up to both sides like a jar laid over, so I walked in front of her. There was light from inside, which I didn't expect; the brimstone smell was a lot stronger. I wondered if Galo had lighted a fire and what he'd found to burn.\n\nThe iron door at the end of the passage stood ajar. It must have been rusted solid to its jamb. Even after Galo had ripped the bolt from its staples, he'd had to hammer his bar into the seam and prize the panel open. The edge of the thick metal was bent up from his effort.\n\nThe red light came from beyond the doorway. It was the color of the coals of a campfire when you stir the ashes off them.\n\nI stopped. I hadn't noticed Galo for a moment because he stood on the hinge side of the door, shadowed from the red glow. He had a woman against the wall and was thrusting into her. She looked past his shoulder toward me. Her face was as calm as an ivory goddess's.\n\n\"We've got to stop him!\" Alpnu said. \"If it feeds—\"\n\nShe slipped past me, but I grabbed her by the shoulder. \"This is none of our business,\" I said. \"If Galo wants—\"\n\nGalo must have heard our voices; he turned his head. His face was rigid.\n\nHe screamed. He was a big man with good lungs; the sound echoed through my bones. I'd never heard anything like it, and I prayed the Dagda grant I that never would again. Blood sprayed from his mouth and nostrils, ending the scream.\n\nGalo's torso flopped over like an emptied wineskin. I must've let go of Alpnu then, because she darted forward.\n\nGalo's face was loose. What remained stared at me from upside down. I shouted and drew my sword again.\n\nThe expression of the woman Galo had had against the wall didn't change. Her slim, naked body was perfect. The beautiful woman, he'd said, and now I knew what he'd meant.\n\nAlpnu grabbed the jewel around Galo's neck and tugged at the chain. There wouldn't have been room enough to get her fingers under it before, when Galo's skin hadn't been an empty sack.\n\nThe chain didn't break. The woman, the creature, that had sucked out Galo's life reached for Alpnu with its right hand. Its arm extended like a rivulet of water crawling through the air.\n\nI stepped forward and thrust for the creature's shoulder. I half expected a shock like what I'd gotten from the metal thing, but my point slipped in until the rock stopped it. The creature's flesh burned black and stinking around the steel.\n\nThe air trembled. It wasn't a sound that I could hear, but it made my hair stand on end.\n\nAlpnu tugged again and the jewel came free in her hand. The chain still hadn't broken, but she'd pulled the loop over the flopping remains of my friend's face.\n\nI drew back. The creature's expression remained frozen in that almost-smile. Galo's body fell to the tunnel floor. For a moment I saw a round, toothed maw dripping with blood; then it withdrew into the creature's groin.\n\nAlpnu rubbed the jewel against the floor. It gouged a line in the stone.\n\nThe creature's wounded shoulder knit like a pond closing over a dropped knife. Its left foot extended past me toward the entrance, moving with shimmering suddenness.\n\n\"Alpnu, come!\" I shouted. I slashed sideways at the creature's head. It flowed away from my blade, and I struck the wall again. Its extended leg bulged the way a rat moves down a snake's gullet, but very quickly.\n\nThe creature was no longer in front of us. It stood, white and perfect, at the place its foot had reached a moment before—between us and the entrance to the cave. It smiled.\n\n\"Come!\" Alpnu said as she tugged my left sleeve. \"It can't pass iron this way either!\"\n\nShe moved toward the door that Galo had opened. The creature's left arm extended down the wall toward us. I cut at it. My steel crossed the line of not-flesh, which curled away and blackened. The whole world screamed again.\n\nI sprang through the doorway. Alpnu was inside pulling at the door to close it.\n\n\"Out of the way!\" I shouted. There wasn't a handhold on this side, but Galo had bent up the edge. I dropped my sword and gripped the bent spot with my fingertips, then pulled. The rusted seam had cracked free, but the hinges were still stiff. It was like trying to pull myself up a rock face.\n\nThere was a quiver of motion toward me. An impossibly extended hand gripped my knee. It felt like the ice of the Alps, and it squeezed me.\n\nAlpnu short-gripped my sword and jabbed with the point. The creature's hand burned as it withdrew. I jerked the door to me with a squeal and a clang.\n\nI was breathing hard, but that didn't help much because the sulfurous air flayed my throat. I slid back slightly and took the sword from Alpnu. There was a small opening where Galo had bent the door; I held the sword point close to it, thinking that the creature might slip like freezing oil through that crack.\n\n\"It won't come that way,\" Alpnu said. She was wheezing as badly as I was. \"It'll wait for us to come out.\"\n\n\"I'll get my breath and then go kill it,\" I said, though \"getting my breath\" in this brimstone hell was a bad joke. \"It can't stand up to my sword.\"\n\n\"Your sword can't kill the thing you see,\" Alpnu said. \"It isn't alive. Its life is here in this jewel. We had to break the jewel!\"\n\n\"Then give me the bloody jewel!\" I said. I held out my left hand without taking my eyes off the door seam. Alpnu probably knew what she was talking about when she said the creature wouldn't come that way, but its fingers on my knee had been the touch of death.\n\nThe cave on this side of the door was almost as wide as the passage we'd followed from the surface, but it wasn't regular. It seemed to narrow as it wormed back and down. Light came from deeper in the cave, but I couldn't see a source. Maybe it was the color, but I was starting to feel uncomfortably warm.\n\nAlpnu put the jewel in my upturned palm. I wondered what the chain was made of. It had looked like gold, but gold links that fine would have broken when she twisted it from Galo's body.\n\nI put the jewel on the stone floor. \"Watch the crack,\" I said and laid the flat of my sword on top of it.\n\nI stepped onto the upper side of the sword, balancing myself against the walls with my hands. I rocked back and forth, hearing faint crunching sounds. It was a terrible way to treat a sword that had been my father's, but I remembered Galo's shrunken body and the eyes of the creature as it watched me.\n\n\"What is it?\" I said. My throat was raw and my mouth dry. \"The thing outside?\"\n\n\"It was imprisoned here long ago,\" Alpnu said. \"It's a creature of the earth. I know nothing of it, but Mamurcus's power came from the earth. He must have thought he could control it, and he hoped to force me to aid him in his plan.\"\n\nShe spat on the ground. \"He was a fool!\"\n\nA dead fool, I thought, remembering the way the Etruscan's helmet had banged inward under my sword edge. It had been sudden, too quick to think about.\n\nI moved my feet to the sides and lifted the sword. The jewel was untouched, but there was a scar on the stone floor.\n\nI gave the jewel back to Alpnu. I didn't look at her. \"All right,\" I said. I wasn't going to be in better shape for pickling myself longer in this sulfur stench. \"I'm going out. I've got more confidence in my sword than you do, and anyway I'm going out. You can get away while I'm dealing with the thing.\"\n\n\"That won't help!\" Alpnu said. \"You can burn the body in molten rock and it still won't die, it'll just regrow!\"\n\n\"I don't have molten rock,\" I said. My voice was a growl. \"I have a sword.\"\n\nI braced my right boot on the door, readying to kick it open and rush out behind it. Alpnu squeezed in front of me. \"Wait!\" she said. \"Listen!\"\n\nI grabbed the throat of her robe in my left hand and lifted her off the ground. It was balanced in my mind whether I flung her behind me or smashed her head against the door. I was bubbling with fury, ready to fight, ready to die, terrified when I thought of the creature's dead touch.\n\nI heard voices.\n\nI set the woman down, trembling with reaction to the violence I hadn't let out after all. I couldn't tell what the voices were saying, only that they were human.\n\n\"Taranis!\" someone called. The voice was deepened and mushy from echoing down through the tunnel. \"We've found your horses and we see your camp. Come out and face me like a man!\"\n\nDubnoreix. But if he'd come hunting me, he wouldn't be alone... and it wasn't a fight he was looking for, it was butchery.\n\n\"If you won't come out, we'll fill this cave with brush and light it!\" Dubnoreix shouted. \"We'll smoke you out like a rabbit in its warren!\"\n\n\"Soon,\" Alpnu whispered. She stroked my left shoulder. \"Just a moment more.\"\n\n\"All right, Taranis, if that's the way—hey!\"\n\n\"Now!\" said Alpnu, but I'd already shoved the door open and started up the tunnel.\n\nSomething caught at my feet as I ran up the passage. Galo's breeches, I thought, and it may have been—but it may have been Galo's empty skin. It didn't trip me.\n\nThe rain had stopped when I reached the mouth of the tunnel, but clouds still covered most of the sky. They broke on the eastern horizon as I drew the first lungful of untainted air in too long.\n\nThe full moon was coming up. I saw Dubnoreix near the junipers where I'd intended to camp. There were other warriors nearby, probably all Dubnoreix's housemen. They had their swords out, but they didn't seem to know what to do.\n\nI didn't blame them.\n\nI didn't see Liscus until he screamed. He was among the junipers, gripped by the creature. I didn't make the mistake I had with Galo: sex wasn't involved in what was happening, or at any rate not human sex.\n\nDubnoreix shouted, \"Come on, men!\" and stepped forward. He brought his sword around in a horizontal slash that struck the creature across the shoulder blades. The white flesh blackened with the stench of an old grave, as it had when I cut the thing.\n\nThe creature's head rotated toward Dubnoreix without its body moving at all. He cried something wordless and lifted his sword. Two housemen moved in, one from either side, and hacked at the creature. Their blades rang together in the creature's head, but its cool smile didn't change.\n\nLiscus crumpled away. I knew what his body looked like now, because I had seen Galo's empty skin. The creature's hands gripped the housemen's throats. Dubnoreix struck.\n\nI ran forward. I'd decided where my place was.\n\nI'd never liked Dubnoreix; he was here because he'd come with his housemen to murder me out of sight of the camp. For all that, he was human. Whatever the creature was, it wasn't human.\n\nMy place was beside the other humans.\n\nDubnoreix's stroke cleft the creature from shoulder to midback. Its blackened flesh spread away from the steel, then reformed as the blade lifted. Its body turned toward Dubnoreix; the face already looked in this direction. The empty shell of Liscus lay on the ground behind it.\n\nI thrust past Dubnoreix for the creature's impassive face. It might have been kinder if I'd split Dubnoreix's spine, because the scream he gave in that instant was one of inhuman torment.\n\nI withdrew my blade. The blackened flesh flowed back. The creature smiled as Dubnoreix's body thrashed for an instant, then flattened and sank in on itself.\n\nThe housemen fell to either side. Their tongues protruded and their eyes bulged.\n\nThe creature walked toward me. Dubnoreix's empty skin was briefly a kilt; then it fell away. I got another glimpse of the thing's toothed member as it withdrew.\n\nI'd lost the javelin I'd carried into the cave with me, but the other two remained where I'd stuck them, point-upright, in the ground. I snatched one up with my left hand.\n\nLiscus and Dubnoreix had been carrying their shields, which hadn't helped when the creature attacked. The thing's right arm stretched out slowly, almost stealthily. I jabbed its wrist with the iron point of my javelin. It snapped back, smoldering, and its left hand met the edge of my sword as it reached for my throat. Each time I felt the world tremble angrily.\n\nPerhaps nothing done to the creature's flesh could really harm it, but it didn't like to be burned by iron either. It had throttled the housemen to stop them from cutting at it while it devoured their chiefs.\n\nI stepped in and thrust my sword into the base of the thing's neck, then jumped back when a foot reached for me. It wasn't quick, but it had four limbs... and there was the maw if it ever grappled with me. I couldn't let that happen.\n\nI didn't know what the rest of the housemen had done. I grinned at the thought of them trying to explain to the Crow what had happened.\n\nAlpnu stood by the rock where she'd called down lightning on the metal guardian. If we'd run away then, perhaps the guardian would have gone back into its cave and pulled the entrance closed behind it. But Galo had already been bewitched by the creature and wouldn't have left until he'd opened the iron door... and I wouldn't have left Galo.\n\nAlpnu might have run. If she'd allowed the guardian to kill me and Galo, this creature wouldn't be loose in the world.\n\nI jabbed with the javelin. The creature's body squirmed away from the point. Its left arm reached for my eyes. I slashed but the right foot also extended. It would have grabbed my ankle if I hadn't jumped back.\n\nMy heel tripped on a rock that barely rose above the dirt. I fell backward, sliding on the wet grass and thumping my head against another outcrop.\n\nThe creature moved toward me in the moonlight, as pale as drifting fog. I could see it clearly, silhouetted against the clouds. I could see the sword still gripped in my right hand, but my muscles were frozen from the rap on the head.\n\nThe creature paused, looking down with its meaningless smile. Its groin opened and the member extended toward me. The teeth set around its circular mouth were needles like those of a dogfish.\n\nBrilliance crashed. For an instant the earth was black and the clouds above were white. The creature, untouched by the lightning, crumbled across me like a puff of dust.\n\nAlpnu knelt at my side. I felt her touch my temples, and then I could move again. I lowered my sword to the ground, but I wasn't ready to get up just yet.\n\n\"Is it gone?\" I said. \"You told me that burning it up wouldn't destroy it.\"\n\n\"I said burning the creature's body wouldn't destroy it,\" she said. She pointed.\n\nI lifted onto my elbow and turned my head. Lightning had shattered the stone where she'd been standing. Some of the shards had been burned to glass by the bolt's fury.\n\n\"I put the jewel on the altar,\" she said. \"When the creature's life became powder, the body had nothing to sustain it.\"\n\n\"It's gone?\" I said. I was asking for reassurance; that was weakness. I'm Taranis the Chief!\n\nI stood up. \"It's gone!\" I said again, meaning it this time. \"We're shut of it forever.\"\n\nHorsemen came over the rise and rode toward us, spreading out as they did. Some of them were shifting javelins to their right hands, ready to throw. The moon came out again.\n\n\"Matisco!\" I said as I recognized the leader. \"What are you doing here?\"\n\n\"We saw Dubnoreix and his gang ride out,\" Matisco said. He pulled up in front of me and dismounted. \"I figured my girlfriend could wait a little longer. The rest of the boys figured the same, I guess.\"\n\n\"What the hell did happen here?\" Heune asked. He was standing by the strangled housemen;, and Liscus's skin, though Heune probably didn't notice Liscus the way he was now.\n\n\"A terrible thunderstorm,\" said Alpnu; I'd completely forgotten her. \"A bolt struck close by and killed our companion, Galo... and also some others, who had just ridden up when the storm broke.\"\n\nI looked at her, then looked back to Matisco. He was nodding.\n\n\"We saw that one hit,\" he said. \"I guess that's what spooked your horses. We caught three of 'em, Top, they came galloping right up the trail toward us. Dunno about the others.\"\n\n\"We've got plenty more horses in the corral,\" I said, meaning it. I wondered if I'd be able to mount without help. \"Look, I know it's late and you boys've had a long day already—\"\n\nWhich was nothing to what I'd had, and Alpnu too.\n\n\"—but I'd really like to head back for camp now. Not all the way, but a few miles away from here.\"\n\n\"What about the bodies, Top?\" said Heune.\n\n\"Galo completely burned up,\" I said. I needed to close the door in the cave. \"I'm going into the cave for a moment. When I come out, I want to get out of here. The foxes'll take care of Dubnoreix's people.\"\n\nAnd Dubnoreix, but I didn't say that. All anybody but me and Alpnu knew was that Dubnoreix and his brother had ridden out of the camp and hadn't come back. I figured any of his housemen who hadn't lit out on their own would be glad to back the story of the lightning bolt. They might even believe it.\n\nMatisco shrugged. \"Whatever you want, Top,\" he said. \"This isn't a place I want to stick around neither.\"\n\n\"I'll help you in the cave,\" Alpnu said. She walked beside me toward the entrance.\n\n\"I'm going to lay Galo inside the door and close it,\" I said quietly to her. \"That'll keep the birds off, I guess. I don't want anybody to see what happened to him.\"\n\nI felt better. I'd picked up the sword when I got to my feet, and I sheathed it now with no trouble finding the scabbard.\n\n\"It's going to be different without Galo,\" I said. \"He never led us wrong. Well, up till now.\"\n\n\"Yes,\" said Alpnu as I led her into the tunnel. \"He had a gift, though that's how the creature reached him to begin with. But you have me now, and I can find things also.\"\n\nI looked back. \"I have you?\" I said.\n\n\"Yes, as long as you want me,\" Alpnu said. \"I told you how hard it was to find a man.\"\n\nI could see what remained of Galo on the floor ahead: his clothing, and his skin as flat and rumpled as the clothes. I would still miss him.\n\nBut I felt an unexpected excitement about what I had gotten in exchange.\nAbout the Author\n\nDavid Drake (born 1945) sold his first story (a fantasy) at age 20. His undergraduate majors at the University of Iowa were history (with honors) and Latin (BA, 1967). He uses his training in both subjects extensively in his fiction.David entered Duke Law School in 1967 and graduated five years later (JD, 1972). The delay was caused by his being drafted into the US Army. He served in 1970 as an enlisted interrogator with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, the Blackhorse, in Viet Nam and Cambodia. He has used his legal and particularly his military experiences extensively in his fiction also.David practiced law for eight years; drove a city bus for one year; and has been a full-time freelance writer since 1981, writing such novels as Out of the Waters and Monsters of the Earth. He reads and travels extensively. You can sign up for email updates here.\nThank you for buying this\n\nTom Doherty Associates ebook.\n\nTo receive special offers, bonus content,\n\nand info on new releases and other great reads,\n\nsign up for our newsletters.\n\nOr visit us online at\n\nus.macmillan.com/newslettersignup\n\nFor email updates on the author, click here.\n\nContents\n\nTitle Page\n\nCopyright Notice\n\nBegin Reading\n\nAbout the Author\n\nCopyright\n\nCopyright © 2016 by David Drake\n\nArt copyright © 2016 by Robert Hunt\n\n## Contents\n\n  1. Title Page\n  2. Copyright Notice\n  3. Begin Reading\n  4. About the Author\n  5. Newsletter Sign-up\n  6. Copyright\n\n## Guide\n\n  1. Cover\n  2. Table of Contents\n\n\n\nHow did Taranis and Alpnu finally defeat the creature?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a07b6b5709c648bf87368c6d114f06ee", "conversation_index": 276702, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1007, "prompt": "아래는 제 화면을 캡쳐한 후 OCR로 텍스트만 추출한 데이터입니다.\n사용중인 앱 : 크롬 브라우저\n\n이 데이터를 가지고 (1) 제가 무슨 일을 하고 있었는지 핵심만 요약해주시고 (2) 이에 따라서 파편화된 OCR 데이터에서 불필요한 내용은 없애고 의미있는 데이터만 남기면서 정리해주세요.\n\n---\nChrome\n파일 수정 보기 방문 기록 북마크 프로필 탭 창 도움말\nN NAVER\nx 동 범죄자 실물 맞아? ...정유정 사건에 후 x\n+\nDAYS.AI v\nnews.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1007223657&amp;plink=STAND&amp;cooper=NAVERMAIN\n• 스레드\n^ 나중에\n• 다이렉트\n@ 멘션 및 반\nb 초안 및전\nEh Slack Corl\n: 더보기\n• 채널\n# 개발\n# 격일싱크\n# 고객반응\n# 기획 디자\n# 랜덤\n# 랜덤.아이\n# 머신러닝\n# 사례공유\n# 워크플로\n# 일반\n# 커뮤니티\n# 테스트와\n• 풀타임\n# 프롬프트\n# 피드백 알\n# news\n# github\n+ 채널 추가\n~ 다이렉트\nC 김형준 니\n영 김욱영\n#. 김태현\n6 박대성\nC 이강준\n10 박지환\n커뮤니티\nSBS\nNEWS\n'범죄자 실물 맞아?..정유정 사건에 힘 실리는 '머그샷 공개법'\n+\n.\ny\nN\n0\n20대 또래 여성을 살해하고 시신을 훼손해 유기한 정유정 사건을 계기로 '범죄자 머그샷 공개법' 추진에\n 힘이 실리고 있습니다.\n경찰이 공개한 정유정의 사진이 실제 모습과 다를 수 있다는 지적이 또 불거지고 있기 때문입니다.\n국회의안정보시스템에 따르면 피의자 신상을 공개할 때 과거가 아닌 현재 인상착의를 공개하도록 하는 등\n의 내용을 담은 '특정강력범죄의 쳐벌에 관한 특레법 (특정강력범죄법)' 개정안이 7건 발의돼 있습니다.\n국민의힘 박형수 의원이 대표 발의한 개정안은 피의자 얼굴 공개가 결정된 시점으로부터 30일 이내의 모\n습을 촬영해 공개하도록 했습니다.\n같은 당 송언석 의원 역시 피의자 신상 정보 공개 결정 시점으로부터 30일 이내의 모습을 공개해 실효성을\n 높이는 내용의 개정안을 대표 발의했습니다.\n더불어민주당 이형석 의원도 피의자 신상 공개 시 수사 과정에서 촬영한 사진 및 영상물을 공개하도록 하\n는 개정안을 대표 발의했습니다.\n같은 당 안규백 의원은 피의자 얼굴을 공개할 때 아예 피의자를 식별할 수 있도록 촬영한 사진을 공개하도\n록 하는 내용을 개정안에 명시했습니다.\n여야가 한목소리로 범죄자 실제 모습을 공개하도록 주장하는 것은 현 제도 실효성이 떨어진다는 지적 때문\n입니다.\n현재 경찰은 피의자 신상 공개가 결정됐을 때 통상적으로 신분증 사진을 공개하고 있습니다.\n법무부 유권해석으로 범죄자 머그샷 공개가 가능하지만, 이를 위해서는 피의자의 동의를 얻어야 합니다.\n                         0 , 8 6월 10일 (토)오전 11:13\n다,\n☆\n라이브 이 제보 [ 전체메뉴 드\n 재미있지만 품격있게\n스브스프리미엄 Q\n뉴스쉽\n고도로 발달한 혁신가는\n사기꾼과 구분할 수 없\n다? - 일론 머스크 집….\n반려동물삐뽀삐뽀\n알고 먹이면 더 좋다! 유\n산균의 모든 것\n이브닝 브리핑\n“미국 승리 베팅, 잘못된\n판단... 반드시 후회\" 중\n국대사의 발언\n야구했다\n세계와의 '속도 격차'는\n좁혀지지 않았다\n더 보기\n이 시각 인기기사\n\"탈선시키고 소년원 가고 싶다\"..선로 위 돌\n덩이 올린 10대 검거"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "710b175a05e64160b2eafa5c134c23d3", "conversation_index": 565816, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 959, "prompt": "9 19 0 9 20 0 6 15 18 0 6 5 1 18 0 20 15 0 23 5 20 0 1 0 23 9 4 15 23 7 19 0 5 25 5 12 10 0 0 20 8 1 20 0 20 8 15 21 0 3 15 14 19 21 13 7 19 20 0 20 8 25 0 19 5 12 6 0 9 14 0 19 9 14 7 12 5 0 12 9 6 5 31 10 0 0 1 8 12 0 9 6 0 20 8 15 21 0 9 19 19 21 5 12 5 19 19 0 19 8 1 12 20 0 8 1 16 0 20 15 0 4 9 5 12 10 0 0 20 8 5 0 23 15 18 12 4 0 23 9 12 12 0 23 1 9 12 0 20 8 5 5 0 12 9 11 5 0 1 0 13 1 11 5 12 5 19 19 0 23 9 6 5 12 10 0 0 20 8 5 0 23 15 18 12 4 0 23 9 12 12 0 2 5 0 20 8 25 0 23 9 4 15 23 0 1 14 4 0 19 20 9 12 12 0 23 5 5 16 12 10 0 0 20 8 1 20 0 20 8 15 21 0 14 15 0 6 15 18 13 0 15 6 0 20 8 5 5 0 8 1 19 20 0 12 5 6 20 0 2 5 8 9 14 4 12 10 0 0 23 8 5 14 0 5 22 5 18 25 0 16 18 9 22 1 20 5 0 23 9 4 15 23 0 23 5 12 12 0 13 1 25 0 11 5 5 16 12 10 0 0 2 25 0 3 8 9 12 4 18 5 14 7 19 0 5 25 5 19 12 0 8 5 18 0 8 21 19 2 1 14 4 7 19 0 19 8 1 16 5 0 9 14 0 13 9 14 4 26 10 0 0 12 15 15 11 0 23 8 1 20 0 1 14 0 21 14 20 8 18 9 6 20 0 9 14 0 20 8 5 0 23 15 18 12 4 0 4 15 20 8 0 19 16 5 14 4 10 0 0 19 8 9 6 20 19 0 2 21 20 0 8 9 19 0 16 12 1 3 5 12 0 6 15 18 0 19 20 9 12 12 0 20 8 5 0 23 15 18 12 4 0 5 14 10 15 25 19 0 9 20 27 10 0 0 2 21 20 0 2 5 1 21 20 25 7 19 0 23 1"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "99225ad3f21c5653a71eb9c3077fbb937ff35fbaf8972aa8", "conversation_index": 3744, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6124, "prompt": "Q: crashing app when use space in autocompletetextview\n\nI am creating an app. my app is crash when i enter any word after provide space in autocompletetextview and then again when i enter any word then its crash. please help me. using following code.........\n        public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback,\n    GoogleApiClient.ConnectionCallbacks,GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener,\n    LocationListener, AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {\n\n private GoogleMap mMap;\n    GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;\n    Location mLastLocation;\n    Marker mCurrLocationMarker,FindMarker;\n    LocationRequest mLocationRequest;\n    AutoCompleteTextView atvPlaces;\n    DownloadTask placesDownloadTask;\n    DownloadTask placeDetailsDownloadTask;\n    ParserTask placesParserTask;\n    ParserTask placeDetailsParserTask;\n    LatLng latLng;\n    final int PLACES = 0;\n    final int PLACES_DETAILS = 1;\n    ListView lv;\n    ImageButton remove;\n    private boolean exit = false;\n\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);\n    // Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);\n    // setSupportActionBar(toolbar);\n\n    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {\n    checkLocationPermission();\n    }\n\n    FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton)           findViewById(R.id.fab);\n    fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {\n\n    @Override\n    public void onClick(View view) {\n    onLocationChanged(mLastLocation);\n    }\n    });\n\n    SupportMapFragment mapFragment = (SupportMapFragment)      getSupportFragmentManager()\n   .findFragmentById(R.id.map);\n    mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);\n\n    remove = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.place_autocomplete_clear_button);\n\n    // Getting a reference to the AutoCompleteTextView\n    atvPlaces = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.id_search_EditText);\n    atvPlaces.setThreshold(1);\n\n    // Adding textchange listener\n    atvPlaces.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {\n\n    @Override\n    public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {\n    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Google Places matching \"s\"\n    placesDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES);\n\n    // Getting url to the Google Places Autocomplete api\n         String url = getAutoCompleteUrl(s.toString().trim());\n\n    // Start downloading Google Places\n    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class\n\n        placesDownloadTask.execute(url);\n\n        if (!atvPlaces.getText().toString().equals(\"\")){\n            lv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);\n            remove.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);\n        }else  {\n            lv.setVisibility(View.GONE);\n            remove.setVisibility(View.GONE);\n        }\n\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count,\n    int after) {\n    // TODO Auto-generated method stub\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {\n    // TODO Auto-generated method stub\n    }\n    });\n\n    // Setting an item click listener for the AutoCompleteTextView dropdown list\n   /* atvPlaces.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {\n    @Override\n    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int index,\n    long id) {\n\n    ListView lv = (ListView) arg0;\n    SimpleAdapter adapter = (SimpleAdapter) arg0.getAdapter();\n\n    HashMap<String, String> hm = (HashMap<String, String>) adapter.getItem(index);\n\n    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Places details of the selected place\n    placeDetailsDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES_DETAILS);\n\n    // Getting url to the Google Places details api\n    String url = getPlaceDetailsUrl(hm.get(\"reference\"));\n\n    // Start downloading Google Place Details\n    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class\n    placeDetailsDownloadTask.execute(url);\n\n        InputMethodManager inputManager = (InputMethodManager)\n                getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);\n\n        inputManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(getCurrentFocus().getWindowToken(),\n                InputMethodManager.HIDE_NOT_ALWAYS);\n\n    }\n    });*/\n    lv=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list);\n\n    lv.setOnItemClickListener(this);\n\n   setListenerOnWidget();\n}\n\nprivate void setListenerOnWidget() {\n    View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {\n        @Override\n        public void onClick(View view) {\n        atvPlaces.setText(\"\");\n        }\n    };\n    remove.setOnClickListener(listener);\n}\n\n@Override\npublic void onBackPressed() {\n    if(exit){\n        finish();\n    }else {\n        Toast.makeText(this, \"Tap Back again to Exit.\",\n                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n        exit = true;\n        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {\n            @Override\n            public void run() {\n                exit = false;\n            }\n        }, 3 * 1000);\n\n    }\n    }\n\n@Override\npublic void onItemClick (AdapterView <? > adapterView, View view,int i, long l){\n    //ListView lv = (ListView) adapterView;\n    SimpleAdapter adapter = (SimpleAdapter) adapterView.getAdapter();\n\n    HashMap<String, String> hm = (HashMap<String, String>) adapter.getItem(i);\n\n    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Places details of the selected place\n    placeDetailsDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES_DETAILS);\n\n    // Getting url to the Google Places details api\n    String url = getPlaceDetailsUrl(hm.get(\"reference\"));\n\n    // Start downloading Google Place Details\n    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class\n    placeDetailsDownloadTask.execute(url);\n\n    InputMethodManager inputManager = (InputMethodManager)\n            getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);\n\n    inputManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(getCurrentFocus().getWindowToken(),\n            InputMethodManager.HIDE_NOT_ALWAYS);\n\n    String str = ((TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.place_name)).getText().toString();\n    Toast.makeText(this,str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n    atvPlaces.setText(str.replace(' ',','));\n\n    lv.setVisibility(view.GONE);\n\n}\n\n private String getPlaceDetailsUrl(String ref) {\n    // Obtain browser key from https://code.google.com/apis/console\n    String key = \"key=**************************************\";\n\n    // reference of place\n    String reference = \"reference=\" + ref;\n\n    // Sensor enabled\n    String sensor = \"sensor=false\";\n\n    // Building the parameters to the web service\n    String parameters = reference + \"&\" + sensor + \"&\" + key;\n\n    // Output format\n    String output = \"json\";\n\n    // Building the url to the web service\n    String url = \"https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/details/\" + output + \"?\" + parameters;\n\n    return url;\n    }\n\n private String getAutoCompleteUrl(String place) {\n    // Obtain browser key from https://code.google.com/apis/console\n    String key = \"key=*********************************\";\n\n    // place to be be searched\n    String input = \"input=\" + place;\n\n    // place type to be searched\n    String types = \"types=geocode\";\n\n    // Sensor enabled\n    String sensor = \"sensor=false\";\n\n    // Building the parameters to the web service\n    String parameters = input + \"&\" + types + \"&\" + sensor + \"&\" + key;\n\n    // Output format\n    String output = \"json\";\n\n    // Building the url to the web service\n    String url = \"https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/autocomplete/\" + output + \"?\" + parameters;\n\n    return url;\n    }\n\n  /**\n      * A method to download json data from url\n  */\n private String downloadUrl(String strUrl) throws IOException {\n    String data = \"\";\n    InputStream iStream = null;\n    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;\n    try {\n    URL url = new URL(strUrl);\n\n    // Creating an http connection to communicate with url\n    urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();\n\n    // Connecting to url\n    urlConnection.connect();\n\n    // Reading data from url\n    iStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();\n\n    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(iStream));\n\n    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();\n\n    String line = \"\";\n    while ((line = br.readLine())!= null) {\n    sb.append(line);\n    }\n\n    data = sb.toString();\n\n    br.close();\n\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n    Log.d(\"Exception while downloading url\", e.toString());\n    } finally {\n    iStream.close();\n    urlConnection.disconnect();\n    }\n    return data;\n    }\n\n public static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION = 99;\n\n public boolean checkLocationPermission() {\n    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,\n    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)\n   != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n\n    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,\n    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {\n\n    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,\n    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},\n    MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION);\n    } else {\n    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,\n    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},\n    MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION);\n    }\n    return false;\n    } else {\n    return true;\n    }\n\n    }\n\n @Override\n public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {\n    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.\n    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);\n    return true;\n    }\n\n @Override\n public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {\n    // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will\n    // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long\n    // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.\n    int id = item.getItemId();\n\n    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement\n    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {\n    return true;\n    }\n\n    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);\n    }\n\n @Override\n  public void onConnected(@Nullable Bundle bundle) {\n    mLocationRequest = new LocationRequest();\n    //mLocationRequest.setInterval(1000);\n    //mLocationRequest.setFastestInterval(1000);\n         mLocationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_BALANCED_POWER_ACCURACY);\n\n    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,\n    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n    LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.requestLocationUpdates(mGoogleApiClient, mLocationRequest, this);\n    }\n    }\n\n  @Override\n  public void onConnectionSuspended(int i) {\n\n    }\n\n @Override\n public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {\nmLastLocation = location;\nif(mCurrLocationMarker!= null){\n    mCurrLocationMarker.remove();\n}\n\nLatLng latLng = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(),location.getLongitude());\nMarkerOptions markerOption = new MarkerOptions();\nmarkerOption.position(latLng);\nmarkerOption.title(\"Current Position\");\nmarkerOption.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_MAGENTA));\nmCurrLocationMarker = mMap.addMarker(markerOption);\nToast.makeText(this,\"Location changed\",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();\nCameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder().target(latLng).zoom(13).build();\nmMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newCameraPosition(cameraPosition));\n\nif(mGoogleApiClient!= null){\n    LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.removeLocationUpdates(mGoogleApiClient,this);\n}\n\n    loadNearByPlaces(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());\n    }\n\n @Override\n public void onConnectionFailed(@NonNull ConnectionResult connectionResult) {\n\n    }\n\n  @Override\n  public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {\n\n    mMap = googleMap;\n\n    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {\n    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,\n    android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)\n    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n    buildGoogleApiClient();\n    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);\n\n    }\n    } else {\n    buildGoogleApiClient();\n    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);\n    }\n\n    }\n\n protected synchronized void buildGoogleApiClient() {\n    mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)\n   .addConnectionCallbacks(this)\n   .addOnConnectionFailedListener(this)\n   .addApi(LocationServices.API)\n   .build();\n    mGoogleApiClient.connect();\n    }\n\n @Override\n public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,\n    String permissions[], int[] grantResult) {\n    switch (requestCode) {\n    case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION: {\n\n    if (grantResult.length > 0\n    && grantResult[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,\n    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)\n    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {\n    if (mGoogleApiClient == null) {\n    buildGoogleApiClient();\n    }\n    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);\n    }\n\n    } else {\n    Toast.makeText(this, \"permisison denied\", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();\n    }\n    return;\n    }\n\n    }\n    }\n\n private void loadNearByPlaces(double latitude, double longitude) {\n //YOU Can change this type at your own will, e.g hospital, cafe,      restaurant.... and see how it all works\n    String type = \"atm\";\n    StringBuilder googlePlacesUrl =\n    new    StringBuilder(\"https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/nearbysearch/json?\");\n    googlePlacesUrl.append(\"location=\").append(latitude).append(\",\").append(longitude);\n    googlePlacesUrl.append(\"&radius=\").append(PROXIMITY_RADIUS);\n    googlePlacesUrl.append(\"&types=\").append(type);\n    googlePlacesUrl.append(\"&sensor=true\");\n    googlePlacesUrl.append(\"&key=\" + GOOGLE_BROWSER_API_KEY);\n\n    JsonObjectRequest request = new JsonObjectRequest(googlePlacesUrl.toString(),\n    new Response.Listener<JSONObject>() {\n @Override\n public void onResponse(JSONObject result) {\n\n    Log.i(TAG, \"onResponse: Result= \" + result.toString());\n    parseLocationResult(result);\n    }\n    },\n    new Response.ErrorListener() {\n  @Override\n  public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {\n    Log.e(TAG, \"onErrorResponse: Error= \" + error);\n    Log.e(TAG, \"onErrorResponse: Error= \" + error.getMessage());\n    }\n    });\n\n    AppController.getInstance().addToRequestQueue(request);\n    }\n\n  private void parseLocationResult(JSONObject result) {\n\n    String id, place_id, placeName = null, reference, icon, vicinity = null;\n    double latitude, longitude;\n\n    try {\n    JSONArray jsonArray = result.getJSONArray(\"results\");\n\n    if (result.getString(STATUS).equalsIgnoreCase(OK)) {\n\n    //mMap.clear();\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {\n    JSONObject place = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);\n\n    id = place.getString(ATM_ID);\n    place_id = place.getString(PLACE_ID);\n    if (!place.isNull(NAME)) {\n    placeName = place.getString(NAME);\n    }\n    if (!place.isNull(VICINITY)) {\n    vicinity = place.getString(VICINITY);\n    }\n    latitude = place.getJSONObject(GEOMETRY).getJSONObject(LOCATION)\n   .getDouble(LATITUDE);\n    longitude = place.getJSONObject(GEOMETRY).getJSONObject(LOCATION)\n   .getDouble(LONGITUDE);\n    reference = place.getString(REFERENCE);\n    icon = place.getString(ICON);\n\n    MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();\n    LatLng latLng = new LatLng(latitude, longitude);\n    markerOptions.position(latLng);\n    markerOptions.title(placeName);\n             markerOptions.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory .HUE_BLUE));\n        markerOptions.snippet(vicinity);\n    mMap.addMarker(markerOptions);\n\n        mMap.setInfoWindowAdapter(new GoogleMap.InfoWindowAdapter() {\n\n            @Override\n            public View getInfoWindow(Marker arg0) {\n\n                return null;\n            }\n\n            @Override\n            public View getInfoContents(Marker marker) {\n                View myContentsView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.marker, null);\n                TextView tvTitle = ((TextView)myContentsView.findViewById(R.id.title));\n                tvTitle.setText(marker.getTitle());\n                TextView tvSnippet = ((TextView)myContentsView.findViewById(R.id.snippet));\n                tvSnippet.setText(marker.getSnippet());\n                return myContentsView;\n            }\n        });\n\n    }\n\n    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), jsonArray.length() + \" ATM_FOUND!\",\n    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n    } else if (result.getString(STATUS).equalsIgnoreCase(ZERO_RESULTS)) {\n    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), \"No ATM found in 5KM radius!!!\",\n    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();\n    }\n\n    } catch (JSONException e) {\n\n    e.printStackTrace();\n    Log.e(TAG, \"parseLocationResult: Error=\" + e.getMessage());\n    }\n    }\n\n private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {\nprivate int downloadType = 0;\n\n// Constructor\npublic DownloadTask(int type) {\n    this.downloadType = type;\n}\n\n@Override\nprotected String doInBackground(String... url) {\n    // For storing data from web service\n    String data = \"\";\n\n    try {\n        // Fetching the data from web service\n        data = downloadUrl(url[0]);\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n        Log.d(\"Background Task\", e.toString());\n    }\n    return data;\n}\n\n@Override\nprotected void onPostExecute(String result) {\n    super.onPostExecute(result);\n\n    switch (downloadType) {\n        case PLACES:\n            // Creating ParserTask for parsing Google Places\n            placesParserTask = new ParserTask(PLACES);\n\n            // Start parsing google places json data\n            // This causes to execute doInBackground() of ParserTask class\n            placesParserTask.execute(result);\n\n            break;\n\n        case PLACES_DETAILS:\n            // Creating ParserTask for parsing Google Places\n            placeDetailsParserTask = new ParserTask(PLACES_DETAILS);\n\n            // Starting Parsing the JSON string\n            // This causes to execute doInBackground() of ParserTask class\n            placeDetailsParserTask.execute(result);\n    }\n}\n }\n\n    /**\n     * A class to parse the Google Places in JSON format\n    */\n private class ParserTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer,       List<HashMap<String, String>>> {\n\nint parserType = 0;\n\npublic ParserTask(int type) {\n    this.parserType = type;\n}\n\n@Override\nprotected List<HashMap<String, String>> doInBackground(String... jsonData) {\n\n    JSONObject jObject;\n    List<HashMap<String, String>> list = null;\n\n    try {\n        jObject = new JSONObject(jsonData[0]);\n\n        switch (parserType) {\n            case PLACES:\n                PlaceJSONParser placeJsonParser = new PlaceJSONParser();\n                // Getting the parsed data as a List construct\n                list = placeJsonParser.parse(jObject);\n                break;\n            case PLACES_DETAILS:\n                PlaceDetailsJSONParser placeDetailsJsonParser = new    PlaceDetailsJSONParser();\n                // Getting the parsed data as a List construct\n                list = placeDetailsJsonParser.parse(jObject);\n        }\n\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n        Log.d(\"Exception\", e.toString());\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n\n   @Override\n protected void onPostExecute(List<HashMap<String, String>> result) {\n\n    switch (parserType) {\n        case PLACES:\n            String[] from = new String[]{\"description\"};\n            int[] to = new int[]{R.id.place_name};\n\n            // Creating a SimpleAdapter for the AutoCompleteTextView\n            //SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(getBaseContext(), result, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, from, to);\n\n            // Setting the adapter\n            //atvPlaces.setAdapter(adapter);\n\n            ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(MainActivity.this, result,R.layout.row,from,to);\n            // Adding data into listview\n            lv.setAdapter(adapter);\n            break;\n        case PLACES_DETAILS:\n            String location = atvPlaces.getText().toString();\n            if (location!= null &&!location.equals(\"\")) {\n                new GeocoderTask().execute(location);\n\n            }\n\n            break;\n    }\n}\n }\n\n    private class GeocoderTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<Address>> {\n\n@Override\nprotected List<Address> doInBackground(String... locationName) {\n    // TODO Auto-generated method stub\n\n    Geocoder geocoder = new Geocoder(getBaseContext());\n    List<Address> addresses = null;\n\n    try {\n        // Getting a maximum of 3 Address that matches the input text\n        addresses = geocoder.getFromLocationName(locationName[0], 3);\n    } catch (IOException e) {\n        e.printStackTrace();\n    }\n    return addresses;\n}\n\nprotected void onPostExecute(List<Address> addresses) {\n    if(addresses==null || addresses.size()==0){\n        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), \"No Location found\", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n    }\n    for(int i=0;i<addresses.size();i++){\n        Address address =  (Address)addresses.get(i);\n        latLng = new LatLng(address.getLatitude(), address.getLongitude());\n        String addressText = String.format(\"%s, %s\",\n                address.getMaxAddressLineIndex() > 0? address.getAddressLine(0) : \"\",\n                address.getCountryName());\n        MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();\n        markerOptions.position(latLng);\n        markerOptions.title(\"Find Location\");\n        markerOptions.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_RED));\n        FindMarker = mMap.addMarker(markerOptions);\n\n        CameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder().target(latLng).zoom(13).build();\n        mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newCameraPosition(cameraPosition));\n\n        loadNearByPlaces(address.getLatitude(), address.getLongitude());\n\n    }\n\n}\n\n  }\n\n  }\n\nmy app is crash when i enter any word after provide space in autocompletetextview and then again when i enter any word then its crash....\n\nA: Your list is initialized to null at\nList<HashMap<String, String>> list = null;\n\nAnd if the parsing fire any exception, the list will be still null since it won't get initialized & setting a null List to an adapter will produce the NullPointerException at getCount(). So just ensure to initialize it.\nList<HashMap<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<>();\n\nIMPORTANT\n\nWhen you use a space & try to call that URL, it will fire a FileNotFoundException if not encoded properly. In your case, URL url = new URL(strUrl); is firing that exception while using space character. \nEasiest way is to replace space with %20. In getAutoCompleteUrl() before return, put the following code to replace space with %20.\nprivate String getAutoCompleteUrl(String place) {\n\n    -------existing code----\n\n    url = url.replaceAll(\" \", \"%20\");\n    return url;\n}\n\nA: Actually i had faced the same situation. You are adding data to autocomplete textview dynamically, basically just like google for each word you are typing u are getting that data from server, if i am wrong please correct me.\nUse this code for populating data into autocomplete textview dynamically from server depending upon your search\nimport java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;\nimport java.io.IOException;\nimport java.io.InputStream;\nimport java.net.MalformedURLException;\nimport java.net.URL;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\n\nimport org.json.JSONArray;\nimport org.json.JSONException;\nimport org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;\nimport org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;\nimport org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;\nimport org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;\n\nimport android.app.Activity;\nimport android.content.Context;\nimport android.database.Cursor;\nimport android.database.MatrixCursor;\nimport android.os.AsyncTask;\nimport android.os.Bundle;\nimport android.provider.SyncStateContract.Columns;\nimport android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;\nimport android.util.Log;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.view.Window;\nimport android.view.WindowManager;\nimport android.widget.ArrayAdapter;\nimport android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;\nimport android.widget.Button;\nimport android.widget.Filter;\nimport android.widget.FilterQueryProvider;\nimport android.widget.ListView;\n\npublic class TestActivity extends Activity {\n    public Context mContext;\n    // views declaration\n    public AutoCompleteTextView txtAutoComplete;\n    public ListView lvItems;\n    // arrayList for Adaptor\n    ArrayList<String> listItems;\n    // getting input from AutocompleteTxt\n    String strItemName;\n    // making Adaptor for autocompleteTextView\n    ArrayAdapter<String> adaptorAutoComplete;\n    private static final int ADDRESS_TRESHOLD = 2;\n    private Filter filter;\n\n    @Override\n    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n        // for showing full screen\n        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);\n        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,\n                WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);\n        setContentView(R.layout.activity_listitem);\n        mContext = this;\n        listItems = new ArrayList<String>();\n        // Declaring and getting all views objects\n        Button btnShare = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_btnShare);\n        Button btnSort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_btnSort);\n        lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_lvItem);\n        txtAutoComplete = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_autoComplete);\n\n        // adding listeners to button\n        btnShare.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {\n\n            @Override\n            public void onClick(View arg0) {\n                // TODO Auto-generated method stub\n\n            }\n        });\n        btnSort.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {\n\n            @Override\n            public void onClick(View arg0) {\n                // TODO Auto-generated method stub\n\n            }\n        });\n\n        String[] from = { \"name\" };\n        int[] to = { android.R.id.text1 };\n        SimpleCursorAdapter a = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,\n                android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, null, from, to, 0);\n        a.setStringConversionColumn(1);\n        FilterQueryProvider provider = new FilterQueryProvider() {\n            @Override\n            public Cursor runQuery(CharSequence constraint) {\n                // run in the background thread\n                if (constraint == null) {\n                    return null;\n                }\n                String[] columnNames = { Columns._ID, \"name\" };\n                MatrixCursor c = new MatrixCursor(columnNames);\n                try {\n\n                    // total code for implementing my way of auto complte\n\n                    String SOAP_ACTION = \"your action\";\n                    String NAMESPACE = \"your name space\";\n                    String METHOD_NAME = \"your method name\";\n                    String URL = \"your Url\";\n                    SoapObject objSoap = null;\n                    SoapObject request = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME);\n                    // Use this to add parameters\n                    request.addProperty(\"KEY\", yourkey);\n                    request.addProperty(\"Key\", constraint);\n                    request.addProperty(\"Key\", Id);\n                    // Declare the version of the SOAP request\n                    SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(\n                            SoapEnvelope.VER11);\n                    envelope.setOutputSoapObject(request);\n                    envelope.dotNet = true;\n\n                    HttpTransportSE androidHttpTransport = new HttpTransportSE(\n                            URL);\n\n                    // this is the actual part that will call the webservice\n\n                    androidHttpTransport.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope);\n                    // Get the SoapResult from the envelope body.\n                    objSoap = (SoapObject) envelope.getResponse();\n                    if (objSoap!= null) {\n                        String strData = objSoap.toString();\n\n                    }\n\n                    if (objSoap!= null) {\n                        System.out.println(\"getPropertyCountinevents//////////\"\n                                + objSoap.getPropertyCount());\n                        for (int i = 0; i < objSoap.getPropertyCount(); i++) {\n                            Object obj = objSoap.getProperty(i);\n                            if (obj instanceof SoapObject) {\n                                SoapObject objNew = (SoapObject) obj;\n\n                                c.newRow()\n                                       .add(i)\n                                       .add(objNew.getProperty(\"Itemname\")\n                                               .toString());\n                            }\n                        }\n                    }\n\n                } catch (Exception e) {\n                    e.printStackTrace();\n                }\n                return c;\n            }\n        };\n        a.setFilterQueryProvider(provider);\n        txtAutoComplete.setAdapter(a);\n\n    } // on create ends\n\n} // final class ends\n\nreplace mine code of getting data from server to yours i.e calling webservices through http calls and it will work like a charm.\n\nHow is the Google Places API being used to load nearby places based on latitude and longitude?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "8d4fc229d5fe41e193365157a95b4d23", "conversation_index": 41387, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 898, "prompt": "Listázd ki a cikkben található személyek közül azokat, akik negatív összefüggésbe hozhatók az eseménnyel. Ne listázd ki azokat, akik csak reagáltak az eseményre vagy elszenvedői annak.\n\nA cikk:\nJordán üzletember és Tiborcz Istvánhoz közeli vállalkozó áll az áfacsökkentéssel jutalmazott hop on-hop off buszos társaságok nagyobb része mögött.\nA háborús veszélyhelyzet ürügyén a kormány 5 százalékra csökkenti a hop on-hop off jellegű buszos városnéző szolgáltatás áfáját május 23-ától. Az áfakedvezményért cserébe a szolgáltatóknak ezután fizetniük kell turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulást, vagyis a 22 százalékpontos adócsökkentés mellé társul egy új, 4 százalékos közteherfizetési kötelezettség. Összességében azonban jól járnak a cégek, hiszen a bruttó ár eddig a nettó plusz 27 százalék áfa volt, ezután pedig a nettó plusz 5 százalék áfa és 4 százalék turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulás lesz, vagyis a bruttó ár a nettó plusz 9 százalék közteherre változik.\n\nVégeredményben a társaságok minimum 18 százalékkal kevesebb adót fognak fizetni.\n\nÍgy olcsóbb lehet a szolgáltatásuk, tehát – ha nem csökkentenek árat – nagyobb lehet a hasznuk. Érdeklődtünk, hogy a buszos cégek áraikban érvényesítik-e majd az áfacsökkentést, vagy lenyelik a különbözetet, de nem kaptunk választ tőlük.\n\n\nFARKAS NORBERT / 24.HU\nHa van készpénzes fizetés, nincs áfacsökkentés\nAz áfacsökkentés feltétele, hogy a szolgáltató kizárólag elektronikus fizetési lehetőséget biztosítson a jegyvásárlóknak, és az e-fizetés folyamatosan rendelkezésre álljon. A május 11-ei Kormányinfón Gulyás Gergely azzal indokolta az 5 százalékos áfakulcsot, hogy attól kifehéredik az ágazat. A miniszter elmondása szerint ugyanis sok volt a készpénzes fizetés, ami feketén ment, így jelentős bevételtől esett el az állam. Ha valóban így volt, akkor rohamtempóban kell átállniuk kizárólag elektronikus fizetésre a szolgáltatóknak, amennyiben már május 23-ától élvezni akarják az áfacsökkentést.\n\nKarácsony Gergely kiakadt a kormány intézkedésén, mert szerinte a közösségi közlekedés áfáját kellett volna csökkenteni, nem a hop on-hop off buszokét, amelyeket jellemzően külföldi turisták használnak. A kormány valójában az adófizetők kontójára adott milliárdos ajándékot ezeknek a cégeknek, amelyek nyilván nem fogják ezzel párhuzamosan csökkenteni áraikat – előlegezte meg a főpolgármester.\n\nJordán milliárdosé és Tiborcz-közeli vállalkozóé a legtöbb busz\nTarlós István hivatali ideje alatt először 20, majd 15 évre szerették volna koncesszióba adni a hop on-hop off tevékenységet, de nem jártak sikerrel. A F"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "3cf50838c4e14342884f74182e463a80", "conversation_index": 351993, "turn_index": 2, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1232, "prompt": "8 PRIX DES HAUTS-DE-FRANCE - 16 partants\n\n53000 euros - Plat - femelles - Handicap divise Classe 2 - 3 ans et Plus - 1600 mètres, Corde à gauche - Ref: +17,5/+2 1 FREJA PASQUIER S. CHAPPET F.\nF4 60 2 7p 1p 9p 7p (22) 5p 2p 1p 9p 5p\nToronado (ire)-No Wind No Rain (gb)\n2 PINGO DEMURO C. SMAGA D.\nF5 59.5 12 5p 5p 1p 1p (22) 6p 3p 4p 7p 7p 6p 4p 10p\nAnodin (ire)-Sula'S Charm (fr)\n3 TUT TUT {IRE} (oeil Aus) GUYON M. MONFORT (S) FR.\nF4 59 16 8p 6p 5p 10p (22) 1p 4p 1p 9p 7p 9p (21) 5p 16p\nKodi Bear (ire)-Tut (ire)\n4 MISSALIA (oeil Aus) SOUMILLON C. CAULLERY N.\nF4 58.5 11 12p 3p 4p 6p 6p (22) 4p 3p 1p 2p 3p 7p 2p\nPrince Gibraltar (fr)-Miss Gandelia (fr)\n5 PRIVATE LOUNGE {GB} MENDIZABAL I. CHAPPET F.\nF4 58 6 9p 4p 7p 1p 4p (22) 2p\nToronado (ire)-Polarized (gb)\n6 SASSICA SEIDL M. SUBORICS A.\nF4 56.5 13 2p 3p 9p 7p (22) 5p 3p 5p 9p 11p 3p 1p 3p\nDariyan (fr)-Sassicaia (ger)\n7 GHRAINNE {GB} (oeil Aus) VELON MLLE M. GUYADER (S) F.\nF3 55.5 5 4p 9p 4p 7p (22) 9p 8p 3p 7p 5p 3p 2p 1p\nArdad (ire)-Asmahan (gb)\n8 FASTER SANTIAGO MLLE D. RARICK MME G.\nF4 54.5 4 3p 3p 6p 9p 6p 3p (22) 10p 10p 5p 1p 1p 3p\nBelardo (ire)-Tantivy (usa)\n9 MADAME DE SAXE {IRE} CLAUDIC J. LE DREN DOLEUZE R.\nF3 54 7 9p 11p 5p 1p (22) 5p 8p\nSaxon Warrior (jpn)-Sariette (ire)\n10 ALATHEA (oeil Aus) LEMAITRE A. DELZANGLES M.\nF4 54 14 5p (22) 2p 4p 8p 6p (21) 2p\nAl Wukair (ire)-Asteria (fr)\n11 SNOWFINCH {IRE} BARZALONA M. PANTALL (S) HA.\nF3 53.5 1 6p 1p 3p\nDubawi (ire)-Winters Moon (ire)\n12 IKEN TRULLIER T. SOUDAN MLLE J.\nF4 53.5 8 6p 2p 4p 12p (22) 1p 4p 12p 1p 3p 7p 7p 5p\nVadamos (fr)-Kenwana (fr)\n13 CHARLOTTE BAY MOSSE A. FABRE (S) A.\nF3 52.5 3 7p 1p 5p 9p (22) 7p 9p\nHoly Roman Emperor (ire)-Corail (ire)\n14 PRESA DIRETTA (oeil) MANGIONE R. GUARNIERI M.\nF4 52.5 10 4p 8p 12p 6p 4p 6p 4p 4p (22) 4p 3p 6p 2p\nSidestep (aus)-Ghada Amer (fr)\n15 DARK ZEL JOURNIAC H. CAULLERY N.\nF3 52.5 9 6p 9p 6p 6p 2p 7p\nZelzal (fr)-Hathfa (fr)\n16 HENOUVILLE HARDOUIN E. COLLET (S) ROD.\nF5 51.5 15 3p 3p 11p 9p (22) 4p 2p 9p 2p 7p 5p 9p (21) 1p\nRajsaman (fr)-Heaven'S Cause (usa)                                                         A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 8 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer parmi les 5 premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale.    "}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "5ebe54107d249e76dedebf50d5be560ffed8e516e2012b6e", "conversation_index": 9162, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 9143, "prompt": "The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. The group's overall size is 372 square kilometres (144 sq mi) in area and it has 101.9 km (63 mi) of coastline. Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country's only two active volcanoes. The summit of one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland. The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean.\nHeard Island, by far the largest of the group, is a 368-square-kilometre (142 sq mi) bleak and mountainous island located at 53°06′S 73°31′E / 53.100°S 73.517°E. Its mountains are covered by 41 glaciers (the island is 80% covered with ice) and dominated by Mawson Peak, a 2,745-metre-high (9,006 ft) complex volcano which forms part of the Big Ben massif. A July 2000 satellite image from the University of Hawaii's Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) Thermal Alert Team showed an active 2-kilometre-long (1.2 mi) and 50- to 90-metre-wide (164–295 ft) lava flow trending south-west from the summit of Big Ben.\nThe McDonald Islands are located 44 kilometres (27 mi) to the west of Heard Island at 53°02′20″S 72°36′04″E / 53.03889°S 72.60111°E. The islands are small and rocky. In 1980 they consisted of McDonald Island (186 metres (610 ft) high), Flat Island (55 metres (180 ft) high) and Meyer Rock (170 metres (560 ft) high). They totalled approximately 2.5 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi) in area, where McDonald Island was 1.13 square kilometres (0.4 sq mi). There is a small group of islets and rocks about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Heard Island, consisting of Shag Islet, Sail Rock, Morgan Island and Black Rock. They total about 1.1 square kilometres (0.4 sq mi) in area.\nMawson Peak and McDonald Island are the only two active volcanoes in Australian territory. Mawson Peak is also one of the highest Australian mountains (higher than Mount Kosciuszko); surpassed only by Mount McClintock range in the Antarctic territory. Mawson Peak has erupted several times in the last decade; the most recent eruption was filmed on 2 February 2016. The volcano on McDonald Island, after being dormant for 75,000 years, became active in 1992 and has erupted several times since, the most recent in 2005.\nHeard Island and the McDonald Islands have no ports or harbours; ships must anchor offshore. The coastline is 101.9 kilometres (63.3 mi), and a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive fishing zone are claimed.\nThe islands have an Antarctic climate, tempered by their maritime setting. The weather is marked by low seasonal and daily temperature ranges, persistent and generally low cloud cover, frequent precipitation and strong winds. Snowfall occurs throughout the year. Monthly average temperatures at Atlas Cove (at the northwestern end of Heard Island) range from 0.0 to 4.2 °C (32.0 to 39.6 °F), with an average daily range of 3.7 to 5.2 °C (38.7 to 41.4 °F) in summer and −0.8 to 0.3 °C (30.6 to 32.5 °F) in winter. The winds are predominantly westerly and persistently strong. At Atlas Cove, monthly average wind speeds range between around 26 and 33.5 km/h (16.2 and 20.8 mph). Gusts in excess of 180 km/h (110 mph) have been recorded. Annual precipitation at sea level on Heard Island is in the order of 1,300 to 1,900 mm (51.2 to 74.8 in); rain or snow falls on about 3 out of 4 days.\nMeteorological records at Heard Island are incomplete.\nThe islands are part of the Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra ecoregion that includes several subantarctic islands. In this cold climate plant life is mainly limited to grasses, lichens, and mosses. Low plant diversity reflects the islands’ isolation, small size, severe climate, the short, cool growing season and, for Heard Island, substantial permanent ice cover. The main environmental determinants of vegetation on subantarctic islands are wind exposure, water availability, parent soil composition, salt spray exposure, nutrient availability, disturbance by trampling (from seabirds and seals) and, possibly, altitude. At Heard Island, exposure to salt spray and the presence of breeding and moulting seabirds and seals are particularly strong influences on vegetation composition and structure in coastal areas.\nEvidence from microfossil records indicates that ferns and woody plants were present on Heard Island during the Tertiary (a period with a cool and moist climate). Neither group of plants is present today, although potential Tertiary survivors include the vascular plant Pringlea antiscorbutica and six moss species. Volcanic activity has altered the distribution and abundance of the vegetation. The vascular flora covers a range of environments and, although only six species are currently widespread, glacial retreat and the consequent connection of previously separate ice-free areas is providing opportunities for further distribution of vegetation into adjacent areas.\nLow-growing herbaceous flowering plants and bryophytes are the major vegetation components. The vascular flora comprises the smallest number of species of any major subantarctic island group, reflecting its isolation, small ice-free area and severe climate. Twelve vascular species are known from Heard Island, of which five have also been recorded on McDonald Island. None of the vascular species is endemic, although Pringlea antiscorbutica, Colobanthus kerguelensis, and Poa kerguelensis occur only on subantarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean.\nThe plants are typically subantarctic, but with a higher abundance of the cushion-forming Azorella selago than other subantarctic islands. Heard Island is the largest subantarctic island with no confirmed human-introduced plants. Areas available for plant colonisation on Heard Island are generally the result of retreating glaciers or new ice-free land created by lava flows. Today, substantial vegetation covers over 20 km2 of Heard Island, and is best developed on coastal areas at elevations below 250 m.\nBryophytes (mosses and liverworts) contribute substantially to the overall biodiversity of Heard Island, with 43 mosses and 19 liverworts being recorded, often occupying habitats unsuitable for vascular plants, such as cliff faces. Bryophytes are present in most of the major vegetation communities including several soil and moss-inhabiting species. A 1980 survey of McDonald Island found lower diversity than that on Heard Island; four mosses and a number of algal species are recorded from there.\nAt least 100 species of terrestrial algae are known from Heard Island, commonly in permanently moist and ephemeral habitats. Forests of the giant Antarctic kelp Durvillaea antarctica occur at a number of sites around Heard Island and at least 17 other species of seaweed are known, with more to be added following the identification of recent collections. Low seaweed diversity is due to the island's isolation from other land masses, unsuitable beach habitat, constant abrasion by waves, tides and small stones, and the extension of glaciers into the sea in many areas.\nSubantarctic vegetation is minimal and includes small types of shrubbery. Including mosses and liverworts.\nOpen cushionfield vegetation is the most widespread and abundant vegetation type on Heard Island. It is characterised by Azorella selago cushions interspersed with bryophytes, small vascular species and bare ground with 20–75% cover, and found mainly at altitudes between 30–70m asl.\nFellfield describes vegetation with abundant bare ground and less than 50% plant cover. Fellfield may occur as a result of harsh climatic and/or edaphic factors, or recent deglaciation which has exposed bare ground.\nMossy fellfield is a community with high species richness and consists of bryophytes and small Azorella selago cushions. It is found at altitudes between 30–150 m in areas with intermediate exposure.\nWet mixed herbfield occurs on moist substrate, mostly on moraines and moist lee slopes (often in association with burrowing petrels colonies) at low altitude (< 40 m) where the water table is at or close to the surface. Species richness is highest here of all the communities, with dominant species being Poa cookii, Azorella selago, Pringlea antiscorbutica, Acaena magellanica, and Deschampsia antarctica.\nCoastal biotic vegetation is dominated by Poa cookii and Azorella selago, occurring mainly on coastal sites of moderate exposure and in areas subject to significant influence from seals and seabirds.\nSaltspray vegetation is dominated by the salt-tolerant moss Muelleriella crassifolia and limited in extent, being found at low elevations on lavas in exposed coastal sites.\nClosed cushionfield is found on moraines and sand at altitudes mostly below 60 m, and is dominated almost entirely by Azorella selago cushions that often grow together to form continuous carpets which can be subject to burrowing by seabirds.\nOne of the most rapidly changing physical settings in the subantarctic has been produced on Heard Island by a combination of rapid glacial recession and climate warming. The consequent increase in habitat available for plant colonisation, plus the coalescing of previously discrete ice-free areas, has led to marked changes in the vegetation of Heard Island in the last 20 years or so. Other species and vegetation communities found on subantarctic islands north of the Antarctic Convergence now absent from the Heard Island flora may colonise the island if climate change produces more favourable conditions.\nSome plant species are spreading and modifying the structure and composition of communities, some of which are also increasing in distribution. It is likely that further changes will occur, and possibly at an accelerated rate. Changes in population numbers of seal and seabird species are also expected to affect the vegetation by changing nutrient availability and disturbance through trampling.\nOne plant species on Heard Island, Poa annua, a cosmopolitan grass native to Europe, was possibly introduced by humans, though is more likely to have arrived naturally, probably by skuas from the Kerguelen Islands where it is widespread. It was initially recorded in 1987 in two deglaciated areas of Heard Island not previously exposed to human visitors, while being absent from known sites of past human habitation. Since 1987 Poa annua populations have increased in density and abundance within the original areas and have expanded beyond them. Expeditioner boot traffic during the Australian Antarctic program expedition in 1987 may be at least partly responsible for the spread, but it is probably mainly due to dispersal by wind and the movement of seabirds and seals around the island.\nThe potential for introducing plant species (including invasive species not previously found on subantarctic islands) by both natural and human-induced means is high. This is due to the combination of low species diversity and climatic amelioration. During the 2003/04 summer a new plant species, Cotula plumosa, was recorded. Only one small specimen was found growing on a coastal river terrace that had experienced substantial development and expansion of vegetation over the past decade. The species has a circumantarctic distribution and occurs on many subantarctic islands.\n71 species of lichens have been recorded from Heard Island and they are common on exposed rock, dominating the vegetation in some areas. As with plants, a 1980 survey of McDonald Island found lower diversity there, with just eight lichen species and a number of non-lichenized fungi recorded.\nThe main indigenous animals are insects along with large populations of ocean-going seabirds, seals and penguins.\nSealing at Heard Island lasted from 1855 to 1910, during which time 67 sealing vessels are recorded visiting, nine of which were wrecked off the coast. Relics that survive from that time include trypots, casks, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions. This caused the seal populations there to either become locally extinct or reduced to levels too low to exploit economically. Modern sealers visited from Cape Town in the 1920s. Since then the populations have generally increased and are protected. Seals breeding on Heard include the southern elephant seal, the Antarctic fur seal and the subantarctic fur seal. Leopard seals visit regularly in winter to haul-out though they do not breed on the islands. Crabeater, Ross and Weddell seals are occasional visitors.\nHeard Island and the McDonald Islands are free from introduced predators and provide crucial breeding habitat in the middle of the vast Southern Ocean for a range of birds. The surrounding waters are important feeding areas for birds and some scavenging species also derive sustenance from their cohabitants on the islands. The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because they support very large numbers of nesting seabirds.\nNineteen species of birds have been recorded as breeding on Heard Island and the McDonald Islands, although recent volcanic activity at the McDonald Islands in the last decade is likely to have reduced vegetated and un-vegetated nesting areas.\nPenguins are by far the most abundant birds on the islands, with four breeding species present, comprising king, gentoo, macaroni and eastern rockhopper penguins. The penguins mostly colonise the coastal tussock and grasslands of Heard Island, and have previously been recorded as occupying the flats and gullies on McDonald Island.\nOther seabirds recorded as breeding at Heard Island include three species of albatross (wandering, black-browed and light-mantled albatrosses, southern giant petrels, Cape petrels, four species of burrowing petrels Antarctic and Fulmar prions, common and South Georgian diving-petrels), Wilson's storm-petrels, kelp gulls, subantarctic skuas, Antarctic terns and the Heard shag. Although not a true seabird, the Heard Island subspecies of the black-faced sheathbill also breeds on the island. Both the shag and the sheathbill are endemic to Heard Island.\nA further 28 seabird species are recorded as either non-breeding visitors or have been noted during 'at-sea surveys' of the islands. All recorded breeding species, other than the Heard Island sheathbill, are listed marine species under the Australian Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act (1999, four are listed as threatened species and five are listed migratory species. Under the EPBC Act a recovery plan has been made for albatrosses and giant petrels, which calls for ongoing population monitoring of the species found at HIMI, and at the time of preparing this plan a draft recovery plan has also been made for the Heard Island cormorant (or shag) and Antarctic tern.\nThe recorded populations of some seabird species found in the Reserve have shown marked change. The king penguin population is the best studied seabird species on Heard Island and has shown a dramatic increase since first recorded in 1947/48, with the population doubling every five years or so for more than 50 years.\nA paper reviewing population data for the black-browed albatross between 1947 and 2000/01 suggested that the breeding population had increased to approximately three times that present in the late 1940s, although a Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCAMLR) Working Group was cautious about the interpretation of the increasing trend given the disparate nature of the data, as discussed in the paper. The discovery of a large, previously unknown, colony of Heard shags in 2000/01 at Cape Pillar raised the known breeding population from 200 pairs to over 1000 pairs. The breeding population of southern giant petrels decreased by more than 50% between the early 1950s and the late 1980s.\nHeard Island supports a relatively low number of terrestrial invertebrate species compared to other Southern Ocean islands, in parallel with the low species richness in the flora–that is, the island's isolation and limited ice-free area. Endemism is also generally low and the invertebrate fauna is exceptionally pristine with few, if any, (successful) human-induced introductions of alien species. Two species, including the thrip Apterothrips apteris and the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae are thought to be recent, possibly natural, introductions. An exotic species of earthworm Dendrodrilus rubidus was also collected in 1929 from a dump near Atlas Cove, and has recently been collected from a variety of habitats including wallows, streams and lakes on Heard Island.\nThe arthropods of Heard Island are comparatively well known with 54 species of mite and tick, one spider and eight springtails recorded. A study over summer at Atlas Cove in 1987/88 showed overall densities of up to 60 000 individual springtails per square metre in soil under stands of Pringlea antiscorbutica. Despite a few recent surveys, the non-arthropod invertebrate fauna of Heard Island remain poorly known.\nBeetles and flies dominate Heard Island's known insect fauna, which comprises up to 21 species of ectoparasite (associated with birds and seals) and up to 13 free-living species. Approximately half of the free-living insects are habitat-specific, while the remainder are generalists found in a variety of habitats, being associated with either supralittoral or intertidal zones, Poa cookii and Pringlea antiscorbutica stands, bryophytes, lichen-covered rocks, exposed rock faces or the underside of rocks. There is a pronounced seasonality to the insect fauna, with densities in winter months dropping to a small percentage (between 0.75%) of the summer maximum. Distinct differences in relative abundances of species between habitats has also been shown, including a negative relationship between altitude and body size for Heard Island weevils.\nThe fauna of the freshwater pools, lakes, streams and mires found in the coastal areas of Heard Island are broadly similar to those on other subantarctic islands of the southern Indian Ocean. Many species reported from Heard Island are found elsewhere. Some sampling of freshwater fauna has been undertaken during recent expeditions and records to date indicate that the freshwater fauna includes a species of Protista, a gastrotrich, two species of tardigrade, at least four species of nematode, 26 species of rotifer, six species of annelid and 14 species of arthropod.\nAs with the other shore biota, the marine macro-invertebrate fauna of Heard Island is similar in composition and local distribution to other subantarctic islands, although relatively little is known about the Heard Island communities compared with the well-studied fauna of some other islands in the subantarctic region, such as Macquarie and Kerguelen.\nDespite Heard Island's isolation, species richness is considered to be moderate, rather than depauperate, although the number of endemic species reported is low. The large macro-alga Durvillaea antarctica supports a diverse array of invertebrate taxa and may play an important role in transporting some of this fauna to Heard Island.\nThe rocky shores of Heard Island exhibit a clear demarcation between fauna of the lower kelp holdfast zone and the upper shore zone community, probably due to effects of desiccation, predation and freezing in the higher areas. The limpet Nacella kerguelensis is abundant in the lower part of the shore, being found on rock surfaces and on kelp holdfasts. Other common but less abundant species in this habitat include the chiton Hemiarthrum setulosum and the starfish Anasterias mawsoni. The amphipod Hyale sp. and the isopod Cassidinopsis sp. are closely associated with the kelp. Above the kelp holdfast zone, the littornid Laevilitorina (Corneolitorina) heardensis and the bivalve mollusc Kidderia bicolor are found in well-sheltered situations, and another bivalve Gaimardia trapesina trapesina has been recorded from immediately above the holdfast zone. Oligochaetes are also abundant in areas supporting porous and spongy layers of algal mat.\nHeard Island has a number of small wetland sites scattered around its coastal perimeter, including areas of wetland vegetation, lagoons or lagoon complexes, rocky shores and sandy shores, including the Elephant Spit. Many of these wetland areas are separated by active glaciers. There are also several short glacier-fed streams and glacial pools. Some wetland areas have been recorded on McDonald Island but, due to substantial volcanic activity since the last landing was made in 1980, their present extent is unknown.\nThe HIMI wetland is listed on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia and, in a recent analysis of Commonwealth-managed wetlands, was ranked highest for nomination under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) as an internationally important wetland.\nSix wetland types have been identified from HIMI covering approximately 1860 ha: coastal ‘pool complex’ (237 ha); inland ‘pool complex’ (105 ha); vegetated seeps mostly on recent glaciated areas (18 ha); glacial lagoons (1103 ha); non-glacial lagoons (97ha); Elephant Spit (300 ha) plus some coastal areas. On Heard Island, the majority of these types suites are found below 150 m asl. The wetland vegetation occurs in the ‘wet mixed herbfield’ and ‘coastal biotic vegetation’ communities described above.\nThe wetlands provide important breeding and feeding habitat for a number of Antarctic and subantarctic wetland animals. These include the southern elephant seal and macaroni, gentoo, king and southern rockhopper penguins, considered to be wetland species under the Ramsar Convention. Non-wetland vegetated parts of the islands also support penguin and other seabird colonies.\nNeither island-cluster had recorded visitors until the mid-1850s. Peter Kemp, a British sailor, may have become the first person to see the island. On 27 November 1833, he spotted it from the brig Magnet during a voyage from the Kerguelen Islands to the Antarctic and was believed to have entered the island on his 1833 chart.\nAn American sailor, Captain John Heard, on the ship Oriental, sighted Heard Island on 25 November 1853, en route from Boston to Melbourne. He reported the discovery one month later and had the island named after him. Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang discovered the nearby McDonald Islands six weeks later, on 4 January 1854.\nNo landing took place on the islands until March 1855, when sealers from the Corinthian, led by Captain Erasmus Darwin Rogers, went ashore at a place called Oil Barrel Point. In the sailing period from 1855 to 1880 a number of American sealers spent a year or more on the island, living in appalling conditions in dark smelly huts, also at Oil Barrel Point. At its peak the community consisted of 200 people. By 1880 sealers had wiped out most of the seal population and then left the island. In all the islands furnished more than 100,000 barrels of elephant-seal oil during this period.\nA number of wrecks have occurred in the vicinity of the islands. There is also a discarded building left from John Heard's sealing station which is situated near Atlas Cove.\nThe first recorded landing on McDonald Island was made by Australian scientists Grahame Budd and Hugh Thelander on 12 February 1971, using a helicopter.\nThe islands have been a territory of Australia since 1947, when they were transferred from the UK The archipelago became a World Heritage Site in 1997.\nThere were five private expeditions to Heard Island between 1965 and 2000. Several amateur radio operators have visited Heard, often associated with scientific expeditions. The first activity there was in 1947 by Alan Campbell-Drury. Amateur radio DXpeditions to the island took place in 1983 (two) and January 1997 (callsign VK0IR). The recent DXpedition in March 2016 (VK0EK) was organised by Cordell Expeditions and made over 75,000 radio contacts.\nIn 1991, the islands were the location for the Heard Island feasibility test, an experiment in very long distance transmission of low frequency sound through the ocean. The US Navy vessels MV Cory Chouest and Amy Chouest were used to transmit signals which could be detected as far away as both ocean coasts of the US and Canada. The Cory Chouest was chosen because of its central moon pool and because it was already equipped with an array of low frequency transmitters. A phase-modulated 57Hz signal was used. The experiment was successful and demonstrated that such sound waves could travel as far as the antipodes. Planned transmissions had been for ten days, although owing to the bad weather conditions and the high failure rate of the transmitter elements, used at a frequency below their design frequency, the transmissions were terminated on the sixth day, when only two of the original ten transducers were still working.\nThe United Kingdom formally established its claim to Heard Island in 1910, marked by the raising of the Union Flag and the erection of a beacon by Captain Evensen, master of the Mangoro. Effective government, administration and control of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands was transferred to the Australian government on 26 December 1947 at the commencement of the first Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to Heard Island, with a formal declaration that took place at Atlas Cove. The transfer was confirmed by an exchange of letters between the two governments on 19 December 1950.\nThe islands are a territory (Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands) of Australia administered from Hobart by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Australian Department of the Environment and Energy. The administration of the territory is established in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953, which places it under the laws of the Australian Capital Territory and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. The islands are contained within a 65,000-square-kilometre (25,000 sq mi) marine reserve and are primarily visited for research, meaning that there is no permanent human habitation.\nFrom 1947 until 1955 there were camps of visiting scientists on Heard Island (at Atlas Cove in the northwest, which was in 1969 again occupied by American scientists and expanded in 1971 by French scientists) and in 1971 on McDonald Island (at Williams Bay). Later expeditions used a temporary base at Spit Bay in the east, such as in 1988, 1992–93 and 2004–05.\nThe islands' only natural resource is fish; the Australian government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. Despite the lack of population, the islands have been assigned the country code HM in ISO 3166-1 (ISO 3166-2:HM) and therefore the Internet top-level domain.hm. The timezone of the islands is UTC+5.\n^ a b c d e f \"Heard Island and McDonald Islands\". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 4 January 2009.\n^ UNESCO. \"Heard and McDonald Islands\". Retrieved 31 January 2015.\n^ Commonwealth of Australia. \"About Heard Island – Human Activities\". Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.\n^ \"Cocky Flies, Geoscience Australia\". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2016.\n^ \"Distance Between Cities Places On Map Distance Calculator\". distancefromto.net. Retrieved 29 March 2016.\n^ Ken Green and Eric Woehler (2006). Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 28–51.\n^ \"Highest Mountains\". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 2 February 2012.\n^ Plants. Australian Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division. Updated 28 February 2005.\n^ Part 3: A Description of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve. Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan. retrieved 5 February 2016.\n^ \"Seals\". Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Seals. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australia. Retrieved 23 February 2011.\n^ BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Heard and McDonald Islands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2011-12-23.\n^ Woehler, E.J. & Croxall, J.P. 1991. ‘Status and conservation of the seabirds of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands’, in Seabird – status and conservation: a supplement, ICBP Technical Publication 11. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge. pp 263–277.\n^ a b Woehler, E.J. (2006). ‘Status and trends of the seabirds of Heard Island, 2000’, in Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. ed. Green, K. & Woehler, E. Surrey Beattie.\n^ Woehler, E.J. (2006) ‘Status and trends of the seabirds of Heard Island, 2000’, in Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. ed. Green, K. & Woehler, E.(Surrey Beattie.\n^ Woehler, E. J.; Auman, H. J.; Riddle, M. J. (2002). \"Long-term population increase of black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys at Heard Island, 1947/1948–2000/2001\". Polar Biology. 25 (12): 921–927. doi:10.1007/s00300-002-0436-1 (inactive 16 March 2018).\n^ SC–CAMLR 2002. Report of the Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment. Report of the Twenty-First Meeting of the Scientific Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Australia.\n^ Goode, George Brown (1887) Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1887).\n^ Cerchi, Dan (1 August 2009). \"SIOE 2002: Heard I. & The McDonald Is\". www.cerchi.net. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.\n^ \"Gazetteer - AADC Name Details - Australian Antarctic Data Centre\". Australian Antarctic Data Centre. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2016 – via Internet Archive.\n^ \"Heard Island VK0EK DXpedition Team Has Arrived, Operation Hours Away\". American Radio Relay League. 22 March 2016.\n^ \"The Heard Island Feasibility Test\". University of Washington. 2007.\n^ \"Heard Island Feasibility Test - reception map\". University of Washington. 2007.\n^ \"Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953\". Federal Register of Legislation. Australian Government. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n^ \"Heard Island and McDonald Islands :: Time Zones\". timegenie.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016.\nAustralian Government. (2005) Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan. Australian Antarctic Division: Kingston (Tas). ISBN 1-876934-08-5.\nGreen, Ken and Woehler Eric (eds). (2006) Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons. ISBN 9780949324986.\nSmith, Jeremy. (1986) Specks in the Southern Ocean. Armidale: University of New England Press. ISBN 0-85834-615-X.\nLeMasurier, W. E. and Thomson, J. W. (eds.). (1990) Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0-87590-172-7.\n\"Heard Island and McDonald Islands\". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.\nImage gallery of Heard Island and McDonald Island with high quality limited copyright images.\nThe Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) is a typical tern. It ranges throughout the southern oceans. It is very similar in appearance to the closely related Arctic tern, but is stockier, and the wing tips are grey instead of blackish in flight. It is in breeding plumage in the southern summer, when the Arctic tern has moulted to its non-breeding plumage (though this is not useful for separating it from another species, the South American tern).\nBreeding takes place from mid-November to early December. Chicks hatch from December to February. Skuas and jaegers are the primary predators of the bird's eggs and young.\nThe total global population of this bird is around 140,000 individuals.\nAustralian marine parks (formerly Commonwealth marine reserves) are marine protected areas located within Australian waters and are managed by the Australian government. These waters generally extend from three nautical miles off the coast to the outer limit of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 200 nautical miles while marine protected areas located closer in-shore are the responsibility of the states or the Northern Territory.\nAzorella selago is a species of cushion plant native to the sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean, including the Crozet Islands, the Possession Islands, the Heard Island and McDonald Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Prince Edward Islands. The closely related Azorella macquariensis, which is endemic to Macquarie Island, was split from it taxonomically in 1989. A. selago is often a keystone species where it occurs and is well studied for its contribution to its native ecosystems.\nBig Ben is a volcanic massif that dominates the geography of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It is a composite cone with a diameter of approximately 25 kilometres. Its highest peak is Mawson Peak, which is 2,745 m above sea level. Much of it is covered by ice, including 14 major glaciers which descend from Big Ben to the sea. Big Ben is the highest mountain in Australian Territory, except for those claimed in the Australian Antarctic Territory. A smaller volcanic headland, the Laurens Peninsula, extends approximately 10 km to the northwest, created by a separate volcano, Mount Dixon; its highest point is Anzac Peak, at 715 m.\nThe brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), also known as the Antarctic skua, subantarctic skua, southern great skua, southern skua, or hākoakoa (Māori), is a large seabird that breeds in the subantarctic and Antarctic zones and moves further north when not breeding. Its taxonomy is highly complex and a matter of dispute, with some splitting it into two or three species: Falkland skua (S. antarcticus), Tristan skua (S. hamiltoni), and subantarctic skua (S. lönnbergi). To further confuse, it hybridizes with both the south polar and Chilean skuas, and the entire group has been considered to be a subspecies of the great skua, a species otherwise restricted to the Northern Hemisphere.\nCave Bay (53°2′S 73°22′E) is a cove, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) wide, which has been formed by the erosion of an extinct volcanic crater of which Mount Andree forms the north side, indenting the west side of Heard Island between West Bay and South West Bay. The cove is roughly charted on an American sealer's sketch map prepared during the 1860–70 period. It was more accurately charted and first named on a geological sketch map illustrating the 1929 work of the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Douglas Mawson.\nThe geography of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) refers to the geography of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands, one of the most remote places on earth. The islands belong to Australia and are located 4,000 kilometres (2,485.5 mi) southwest of the mainland in the Southern Ocean. These subantarctic islands were transferred to Australia by the United Kingdom in 1947. They lie between Madagascar and Antarctica.HIMI has no ports or harbours; ships must anchor offshore. The coastline is 101.9 kilometres (63.3 mi), and a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive fishing zone are claimed. The HIMI marine zone, situated to the south of the Antarctic Convergence, is a biological hot spot for breeding and non-breeding seabirds and marine mammals such as penguins, petrels, elephant seals and fur seals. HIMI was inscribed as a UNESCO Heritage Site in 1999 under the title \" \"Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands\".\nThe Heard Island shag (Leucocarbo nivalis), or Heard Island cormorant, is a marine cormorant native to the Australian territory comprising the Heard and McDonald Islands in the Southern Ocean, about 4100 km south-west of Perth, Western Australia.\nLaurens Peninsula (53°0′S 73°18′E) is a rugged peninsula surmounted by several ice-covered peaks that forms the northwestern part of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. The name was applied by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition following their survey in 1948. It derives from the existing name Cape Laurens, applied for the northwestern extremity of this peninsula after the American bark Laurens which, under Captain Franklin F. Smith, visited Heard Island in 1855–56 and assisted in initiating sealing operations there.\nThis is a list of the birds of Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. For other animals there, see List of non-avian fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands.\nThe birds of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, a subantarctic Australian territory between Australia, Africa and Antarctica, are, whether breeders or visitors, almost all seabirds which find their food at sea in the waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean. An exception is the black-faced sheathbill, an opportunistic scavenger around seal and penguin colonies and the only solely terrestrial breeding bird species present on the islands. The southern giant-petrel and Subantarctic skua are also scavengers as well as predators at seabird colonies.\nHeard Island is an important breeding site for macaroni, eastern rockhopper, gentoo and king penguins. Endemic species or subspecies are the Heard shag and the black-faced sheathbill. The surrounding waters are home to numerous species of albatross and petrel, some of which breed on the islands, including the endangered southern giant-petrel and the wandering albatross, both threatened by long-line fishing.\nThe following non-avian fauna have been observed on and around Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands, which are part of the same Australian territory. For the birds see List of birds of Heard and McDonald Islands.\nIncluded on this list are seven species of mammal, 23 taxa of fish, 25 species of terrestrial arthropods, one land snail, one flowering plant, and one species of kelp.\nMawson Peak is an active volcanic mountain on Heard Island, an external Australian territory in the Southern Ocean.\nWith its summit at 2,745 metres (9,006 ft), it is the third highest peak in any state or territory of Australia, higher than the 2,228-metre (7,310 ft) Mount Kosciuszko, and surpassed only by the 3,490-metre (11,450 ft) Mount McClintock and the 3,355-metre (11,007 ft) Mount Menzies claimed in the Australian Antarctic Territory. An active complex volcano which erupted as recently as April 2013 and February 2016, Mawson Peak is the summit of the Big Ben massif.\nThe McDonald Islands (53°3′34.9″S 72°35′32.2″E) are the peaks of a volcano in the southern Indian Ocean in the vicinity of Heard Island (53°06′S 73°31′E). The islands are Australian external territory. Prior to 1992, the volcano had not erupted in the previous 75,000 years.\nPoa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Though P. annua is commonly considered a solely annual plant due to its name, perennial bio-types do exist. Poa (πόα) is Greek for \"fodder\". It is one of the sweetest grasses for green fodder, but less useful than hay. This grass may have originated as a hybrid between Poa supina and Poa infirma.\nSchmidt Glacier (53°3′S 73°24′E) is a glacier, 0.7 nautical miles (1.3 km) long, flowing west from Baudissin Glacier between Mount Drygalski and North West Cornice, on the west side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. To the north of Schmidt Glacier is Baudissin Glacier, whose terminus is located at the western side of Corinthian Bay, near Sealers Cove. Kildalkey Head is west of Schmidt Glacier. To the south of Schmidt Glacier is Vahsel Glacier, whose terminus is at South West Bay, between Erratic Point and Cape Gazert. Immediately south of Vahsel Glacier is Allison Glacier. Click here to see a map of Schmidt Glacier and the northwestern coast of Heard Island.\nWinston Lagoon (53°9′S 73°39′E) is a lagoon indenting the southeast coast of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean, about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Cape Lockyer. The feature is roughly portrayed on an American sealer chart of the 1860 period. It was sighted from the air by Lieutenant Malcolm Smith, RAAF, pilot of the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) seaplane that made the first reconnaissance flight over the island in 1948. Lieutenant Smith proposed that it be named Lake Winston after his wife. In view of his death in an aircraft accident shortly afterward, this proposal was adopted by Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (ANCA) with only a change of generic term. Click here to see a map of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, including all major topographical features.\nThis article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document \"Winston Lagoon\" (content from the Geographic Names Information System).\n\nWhat is the total area of wetlands identified on Heard Island and what are some of the types?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "1c9e74703243438cb7c9c380000b86f1", "conversation_index": 999937, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 898, "prompt": "Listázd ki a cikkben található személyek közül azokat, akik negatív összefüggésbe hozhatók az eseménnyel. Ne listázd ki azokat, akik csak reagáltak az eseményre vagy elszenvedői annak.\n\nA cikk:\nJordán üzletember és Tiborcz Istvánhoz közeli vállalkozó áll az áfacsökkentéssel jutalmazott hop on-hop off buszos társaságok nagyobb része mögött.\nA háborús veszélyhelyzet ürügyén a kormány 5 százalékra csökkenti a hop on-hop off jellegű buszos városnéző szolgáltatás áfáját május 23-ától. Az áfakedvezményért cserébe a szolgáltatóknak ezután fizetniük kell turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulást, vagyis a 22 százalékpontos adócsökkentés mellé társul egy új, 4 százalékos közteherfizetési kötelezettség. Összességében azonban jól járnak a cégek, hiszen a bruttó ár eddig a nettó plusz 27 százalék áfa volt, ezután pedig a nettó plusz 5 százalék áfa és 4 százalék turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulás lesz, vagyis a bruttó ár a nettó plusz 9 százalék közteherre változik.\n\nVégeredményben a társaságok minimum 18 százalékkal kevesebb adót fognak fizetni.\n\nÍgy olcsóbb lehet a szolgáltatásuk, tehát – ha nem csökkentenek árat – nagyobb lehet a hasznuk. Érdeklődtünk, hogy a buszos cégek áraikban érvényesítik-e majd az áfacsökkentést, vagy lenyelik a különbözetet, de nem kaptunk választ tőlük.\n\n\nFARKAS NORBERT / 24.HU\nHa van készpénzes fizetés, nincs áfacsökkentés\nAz áfacsökkentés feltétele, hogy a szolgáltató kizárólag elektronikus fizetési lehetőséget biztosítson a jegyvásárlóknak, és az e-fizetés folyamatosan rendelkezésre álljon. A május 11-ei Kormányinfón Gulyás Gergely azzal indokolta az 5 százalékos áfakulcsot, hogy attól kifehéredik az ágazat. A miniszter elmondása szerint ugyanis sok volt a készpénzes fizetés, ami feketén ment, így jelentős bevételtől esett el az állam. Ha valóban így volt, akkor rohamtempóban kell átállniuk kizárólag elektronikus fizetésre a szolgáltatóknak, amennyiben már május 23-ától élvezni akarják az áfacsökkentést.\n\nKarácsony Gergely kiakadt a kormány intézkedésén, mert szerinte a közösségi közlekedés áfáját kellett volna csökkenteni, nem a hop on-hop off buszokét, amelyeket jellemzően külföldi turisták használnak. A kormány valójában az adófizetők kontójára adott milliárdos ajándékot ezeknek a cégeknek, amelyek nyilván nem fogják ezzel párhuzamosan csökkenteni áraikat – előlegezte meg a főpolgármester.\n\nJordán milliárdosé és Tiborcz-közeli vállalkozóé a legtöbb busz\nTarlós István hivatali ideje alatt először 20, majd 15 évre szerették volna koncesszióba adni a hop on-hop off tevékenységet, de nem jártak sikerrel. A F"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "f18f634deea65fc63204660df6ae51543e7c6ff85b3dafc6", "conversation_index": 6384, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 9575, "prompt": "# language: Python\nimport itertools\nimport json\nimport logging\nfrom logging import config as logging_config\nimport os\nimport time\n\nfrom keystoneclient import exceptions as ks_exceptions\nfrom neutronclient.common import exceptions as nt_exceptions\nfrom novaclient import exceptions as nv_exceptions\nimport yaml\n\nfrom cloudferry_devlab.tests import base\nfrom cloudferry_devlab.tests import cleanup\nimport cloudferry_devlab.tests.config as conf\n\nTIMEOUT = 600\nVM_SPAWNING_LIMIT = 5\nCREATE_CLEAN_METHODS_MAP = {\n    \"create_tenants\": \"clean_tenants\",\n    \"create_users\": \"clean_users\",\n    \"create_roles\": \"clean_roles\",\n    \"create_flavors\": \"clean_flavors\",\n    \"create_all_networking\": \"clean_all_networking\",\n}\n\n\ndef clean_if_exists(func):\n    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        try:\n            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)\n        except (\n            ks_exceptions.Conflict,\n            nv_exceptions.Conflict,\n            nt_exceptions.NeutronClientException,\n        ):\n            self.log.warning(\n                'Method \"%s\" failed, current resource already'\"exists:\",\n                func.__name__,\n                exc_info=True,\n            )\n            clean_method = getattr(self.clean_tools, CREATE_CLEAN_METHODS_MAP[func.__name__])\n            self.log.info('Run cleanup method \"%s\"', clean_method.__name__)\n            clean_method()\n            self.log.info('Run method \"%s\" one more time', func.__name__)\n            func(self, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    return wrapper\n\n\nclass Prerequisites(base.BasePrerequisites):\n    def __init__(self, config, configuration_ini, cloud_prefix=\"SRC\", results_path=\".\"):\n        super(Prerequisites, self).__init__(config, configuration_ini, cloud_prefix, results_path)\n        self.ext_net_id = None\n        self.dst_cloud = None\n        self.clean_tools = cleanup.CleanEnv(config, configuration_ini, cloud_prefix)\n        logging_config.dictConfig(conf.logging_configuration)\n        self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\n    @staticmethod\n    def is_flavor_public(flavor):\n        return flavor.get(\"is_public\", True)\n\n    def init_dst_cloud(self):\n        if not self.dst_cloud:\n            self.dst_cloud = Prerequisites(\n                cloud_prefix=\"DST\", configuration_ini=self.configuration_ini, config=self.config\n            )\n\n    @clean_if_exists\n    def create_users(self, users=None):\n        def get_params_for_user_creating(_user):\n            if \"tenant\" in _user:\n                _user[\"tenant_id\"] = self.get_tenant_id(_user[\"tenant\"])\n            params = [\"name\", \"password\", \"email\", \"enabled\", \"tenant_id\"]\n            return {param: _user[param] for param in params if param in _user}\n\n        if users is None:\n            users = self.config.users\n        for user in users:\n            self.keystoneclient.users.create(**get_params_for_user_creating(user))\n            if not user.get(\"additional_tenants\"):\n                continue\n            for tenant in user[\"additional_tenants\"]:\n                self.keystoneclient.roles.add_user_role(\n                    tenant=self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]),\n                    role=self.get_role_id(tenant[\"role\"]),\n                    user=self.get_user_id(user[\"name\"]),\n                )\n            if not user[\"enabled\"] or \"tenant\" not in user:\n                continue\n            self.switch_user(user=user[\"name\"], password=user[\"password\"], tenant=user[\"tenant\"])\n            self.novaclient.security_groups.list()\n            self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    @clean_if_exists\n    def create_roles(self):\n        for role in self.config.roles:\n            self.keystoneclient.roles.create(name=role[\"name\"])\n\n    def create_user_tenant_roles(self, user_tenant_roles=None):\n        if user_tenant_roles is None:\n            user_tenant_roles = self.config.user_tenant_roles\n        for user_roles in user_tenant_roles:\n            for user, roles in user_roles.iteritems():\n                user = self.get_user_id(user)\n                for role in roles:\n                    try:\n                        self.keystoneclient.roles.add_user_role(\n                            user=user,\n                            role=self.get_role_id(role[\"role\"]),\n                            tenant=self.get_tenant_id(role[\"tenant\"]),\n                        )\n                    except ks_exceptions.Conflict:\n                        self.log.warning(\n                            \"There was an error during role \" \"creating:\", exc_info=True\n                        )\n                        continue\n\n    @clean_if_exists\n    def create_tenants(self, tenants=None):\n        if tenants is None:\n            tenants = self.config.tenants\n        for tenant in tenants:\n            self.keystoneclient.tenants.create(\n                tenant_name=tenant[\"name\"],\n                description=tenant[\"description\"],\n                enabled=tenant[\"enabled\"],\n            )\n            self.keystoneclient.roles.add_user_role(\n                self.get_user_id(self.username),\n                self.get_role_id(\"admin\"),\n                self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]),\n            )\n\n    def create_keypairs(self):\n        for keypair in self.config.keypairs:\n            for _user in self.config.users:\n                if _user[\"name\"] == keypair[\"user\"]:\n                    user = _user\n                    break\n            else:\n                msg = \"User for keypair %s was not found\"\n                raise RuntimeError(msg % keypair[\"name\"])\n            self.switch_user(user=user[\"name\"], password=user[\"password\"], tenant=user[\"tenant\"])\n            self.novaclient.keypairs.create(name=keypair[\"name\"], public_key=keypair[\"public_key\"])\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    def modify_quotas(self):\n        \"\"\" Modify nova and cinder quotas\n        \"\"\"\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if \"quota\" in tenant:\n                self.novaclient.quotas.update(\n                    tenant_id=self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]), **tenant[\"quota\"]\n                )\n            if \"quota_cinder\" in tenant:\n                self.cinderclient.quotas.update(\n                    tenant_id=self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]), **tenant[\"quota_cinder\"]\n                )\n\n    def upload_image(self):\n        def _get_body_for_image_creating(_image):\n            params = [\n                \"id\",\n                \"name\",\n                \"location\",\n                \"disk_format\",\n                \"container_format\",\n                \"is_public\",\n                \"copy_from\",\n            ]\n            return {param: _image[param] for param in params if param in _image}\n\n        img_ids = []\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if not tenant.get(\"images\"):\n                continue\n            for image in tenant[\"images\"]:\n\n                self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=tenant[\"name\"])\n\n                img = self.glanceclient.images.create(**_get_body_for_image_creating(image))\n\n                img_ids.append(img.id)\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n        dst_img_ids = []\n        for image in self.config.images:\n            image_body = _get_body_for_image_creating(image)\n            img = self.glanceclient.images.create(**image_body)\n            img_ids.append(img.id)\n            if image.get(\"upload_on_dst\"):\n                dst_img_id = self.dst_cloud.glanceclient.images.create(**image_body)\n                dst_img_ids.append(dst_img_id)\n\n        self.wait_until_objects_created(img_ids, self.check_image_state, TIMEOUT)\n\n        if dst_img_ids and self.dst_cloud:\n            self.wait_until_objects_created(dst_img_ids, self.chech_image_state_on_dst, TIMEOUT)\n\n        tenant_list = self.keystoneclient.tenants.list()\n        for image_id in img_ids:\n            if self.glanceclient.images.get(image_id).name in self.config.img_to_add_members:\n                for tenant in tenant_list:\n                    tenant = tenant.__dict__\n                    if tenant[\"name\"] in self.config.members:\n                        member_id = tenant[\"id\"]\n                        self.glanceclient.image_members.create(image_id, member_id)\n\n        if getattr(self.config, \"create_zero_image\", None):\n            self.glanceclient.images.create()\n\n    def chech_image_state_on_dst(self, img_id):\n        img = self.dst_cloud.glanceclient.images.get(img_id)\n        return img.status == \"active\"\n\n    def update_filtering_file(self):\n        src_cloud = Prerequisites(\n            cloud_prefix=\"SRC\", configuration_ini=self.configuration_ini, config=self.config\n        )\n        src_img = [x.__dict__ for x in src_cloud.glanceclient.images.list()]\n        src_vms = [\n            x.__dict__ for x in src_cloud.novaclient.servers.list(search_opts={\"all_tenants\": 1})\n        ]\n        image_dict = {}\n        for image in src_img:\n            img_members = self.glanceclient.image_members.list(image[\"id\"])\n            if len(img_members) > 1:\n                img_mem_list = []\n                for img_member in img_members:\n                    img_member = img_member.__dict__\n                    img_mem_list.append(img_member[\"member_id\"])\n                image_dict[image[\"id\"]] = img_mem_list\n        vm_id_list = []\n        for vm in src_vms:\n            vm_id = vm[\"id\"]\n            vm_id_list.append(vm_id)\n        filter_dict = {\n            \"tenants\": {\"tenant_id\": []},\n            \"instances\": {\"id\": []},\n            \"images\": {\n                \"images_list\": [],\n                \"dont_include_public_and_members_from_other_tenants\": False,\n            },\n        }\n        all_img_ids = []\n        not_incl_img = []\n        for image in src_img:\n            all_img_ids.append(image[\"id\"])\n        for img in self.config.images_not_included_in_filter:\n            not_incl_img.append(self.get_image_id(img))\n        for key in filter_dict.keys():\n            if key == \"images\":\n                for img_id in all_img_ids:\n                    if img_id not in not_incl_img:\n                        filter_dict[key][\"images_list\"].append(str(img_id))\n            elif key == \"instances\":\n                for vm in vm_id_list:\n                    if vm!= self.get_vm_id(\"not_in_filter\"):\n                        filter_dict[key][\"id\"].append(str(vm))\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants + [{\"name\": self.tenant}]:\n            if tenant.get(\"deleted\"):\n                continue\n            filter_dict[\"tenants\"][\"tenant_id\"] = [str(self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]))]\n            file_path = self.config.filters_file_naming_template.format(tenant_name=tenant[\"name\"])\n            file_path = self.get_abs_path(file_path)\n            with open(file_path, \"w\") as f:\n                yaml.dump(filter_dict, f, default_flow_style=False)\n\n    @clean_if_exists\n    def create_flavors(self):\n        for flavor in self.config.flavors:\n            if flavor.get(\"is_deleted\"):\n                flavor.pop(\"is_deleted\")\n                fl = self.novaclient.flavors.create(**flavor)\n                self.novaclient.flavors.delete(fl.id)\n            else:\n                fl = self.novaclient.flavors.create(**flavor)\n            if not self.is_flavor_public(flavor):\n                self.novaclient.flavor_access.add_tenant_access(\n                    flavor=fl.id, tenant=self.get_tenant_id(self.tenant)\n                )\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if tenant.get(\"flavors\"):\n                for flavor in tenant[\"flavors\"]:\n                    fl = self.novaclient.flavors.create(**flavor)\n                    if not self.is_flavor_public(flavor):\n                        self.novaclient.flavor_access.add_tenant_access(\n                            flavor=fl.id, tenant=self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"])\n                        )\n\n    def _get_parameters_for_vm_creating(self, vm):\n        def get_vm_nics(_vm):\n            if \"nics\" in _vm:\n                for _nic in _vm[\"nics\"]:\n                    _nic[\"net-id\"] = self.get_net_id(_nic[\"net-id\"])\n                return _vm[\"nics\"]\n            nets = self.neutronclient.list_networks()[\"networks\"]\n            _t = self.keystoneclient.tenant_id\n            nics = [\n                {\"net-id\": net[\"id\"]}\n                for net in nets\n                if not net[\"router:external\"] and net[\"tenant_id\"] == _t\n            ]\n            return nics\n\n        image_id = self.get_image_id(vm[\"image\"]) if vm.get(\"image\") else \"\"\n        params = {\n            \"image\": image_id,\n            \"flavor\": self.get_flavor_id(vm[\"flavor\"]),\n            \"nics\": get_vm_nics(vm),\n            \"name\": vm[\"name\"],\n            \"key_name\": vm.get(\"key_name\"),\n        }\n        if \"server_group\" in vm and self.server_groups_supported:\n            params[\"scheduler_hints\"] = {\"group\": self.get_server_group_id(vm[\"server_group\"])}\n        return params\n\n    def create_server_groups(self):\n        def _create_groups(server_groups_list):\n            for server_group in server_groups_list:\n                self.novaclient.server_groups.create(**server_group)\n\n        _create_groups(self.config.server_groups)\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if not tenant.get(\"server_groups\"):\n                continue\n            self.switch_user(self.username, self.password, tenant[\"name\"])\n            _create_groups(tenant[\"server_groups\"])\n        self.switch_user(self.username, self.password, self.tenant)\n\n    def create_vms(self):\n        def wait_for_vm_creating():\n            \"\"\" When limit for creating vms in nova is reached, we receive\n                exception from nova: 'novaclient.exceptions.OverLimit:\n                This request was rate-limited. (HTTP 413)'. To handle this we\n                set limit for vm spawning.\n            \"\"\"\n            spawning_vms = None\n            for _ in range(TIMEOUT):\n                all_vms = self.novaclient.servers.list(search_opts={\"all_tenants\": 1})\n                spawning_vms = [vm.id for vm in all_vms if vm.status == \"BUILD\"]\n                if len(spawning_vms) >= VM_SPAWNING_LIMIT:\n                    time.sleep(1)\n                else:\n                    break\n            else:\n                raise RuntimeError(\n                    'VMs with ids {0} were in \"BUILD\" state more than {1} '\n                    \"seconds\".format(spawning_vms, TIMEOUT)\n                )\n\n        def create_vms(vm_list):\n            vm_ids = []\n            for vm in vm_list:\n                wait_for_vm_creating()\n                _vm = self.novaclient.servers.create(**self._get_parameters_for_vm_creating(vm))\n                vm_ids.append(_vm.id)\n                if not vm.get(\"fip\"):\n                    continue\n                self.wait_until_objects_created([_vm.id], self.check_vm_state, TIMEOUT)\n                fip = self.neutronclient.create_floatingip(\n                    {\"floatingip\": {\"floating_network_id\": self.ext_net_id}}\n                )\n                _vm.add_floating_ip(fip[\"floatingip\"][\"floating_ip_address\"])\n            return vm_ids\n\n        vms = create_vms(self.config.vms)\n\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if not tenant.get(\"vms\"):\n                continue\n            keypairs = set([vm[\"key_name\"] for vm in tenant[\"vms\"] if vm.get(\"key_name\")])\n            # Split all vms on with and without keypair\n            keypairs_vms = {keypair: [] for keypair in keypairs}\n            vms_wo_keypairs = []\n            for vm in tenant[\"vms\"]:\n                if vm.get(\"key_name\"):\n                    keypairs_vms[vm[\"key_name\"]].append(vm)\n                else:\n                    vms_wo_keypairs.append(vm)\n            for keypair in keypairs_vms:\n                username = [kp[\"user\"] for kp in self.config.keypairs if kp[\"name\"] == keypair][0]\n                user = [user for user in self.config.users if user[\"name\"] == username][0]\n                if user[\"tenant\"]!= tenant[\"name\"]:\n                    msg = 'Keypair \"{0}\" not accessible from tenant \"{1}\"'\n                    raise RuntimeError(msg.format(keypair[0], tenant[\"name\"]))\n                self.switch_user(\n                    user=user[\"name\"], password=user[\"password\"], tenant=tenant[\"name\"]\n                )\n                vms.extend(create_vms(keypairs_vms[keypair]))\n            user = [u for u in self.config.users if u.get(\"tenant\") == tenant[\"name\"]][0]\n            self.switch_user(user=user[\"name\"], password=user[\"password\"], tenant=tenant[\"name\"])\n            vms.extend(create_vms(vms_wo_keypairs))\n\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n        self.wait_until_objects_created(vms, self.check_vm_state, TIMEOUT)\n\n    def create_vm_snapshots(self):\n\n        snp_ids = []\n        for snapshot in self.config.snapshots:\n            self.novaclient.servers.create_image(\n                server=self.get_vm_id(snapshot[\"server\"]), image_name=snapshot[\"image_name\"]\n            )\n            snp = self.glanceclient.images.get(self.get_image_id(snapshot[\"image_name\"]))\n            snp_ids.append(snp.id)\n        self.wait_until_objects_created(snp_ids, self.check_snapshot_state, TIMEOUT)\n\n    def create_networks(self, networks):\n        def get_body_for_network_creating(_net):\n            params = [\n                \"name\",\n                \"admin_state_up\",\n                \"shared\",\n                \"router:external\",\n                \"provider:network_type\",\n                \"provider:segmentation_id\",\n                \"provider:physical_network\",\n            ]\n            return {param: _net[param] for param in params if param in _net}\n\n        def get_body_for_subnet_creating(_subnet):\n            params = [\n                \"name\",\n                \"cidr\",\n                \"allocation_pools\",\n                \"dns_nameservers\",\n                \"host_routes\",\n                \"ip_version\",\n                \"network_id\",\n            ]\n            return {param: _subnet[param] for param in params if param in _subnet}\n\n        for network in networks:\n            net = self.neutronclient.create_network(\n                {\"network\": get_body_for_network_creating(network)}\n            )\n            for subnet in network[\"subnets\"]:\n                subnet[\"network_id\"] = net[\"network\"][\"id\"]\n                _subnet = self.neutronclient.create_subnet(\n                    {\"subnet\": get_body_for_subnet_creating(subnet)}\n                )\n                self.neutronclient.create_port({\"port\": {\"network_id\": net[\"network\"][\"id\"]}})\n                if subnet.get(\"routers_to_connect\") is not None:\n                    for router in subnet[\"routers_to_connect\"]:\n                        router_id = self.get_router_id(router)\n                        self.neutronclient.add_interface_router(\n                            router_id, {\"subnet_id\": _subnet[\"subnet\"][\"id\"]}\n                        )\n                if (\n                    not network.get(\"router:external\")\n                    or subnet.get(\"set_as_gateway_for_routers\") is None\n                ):\n                    continue\n                routers = subnet[\"set_as_gateway_for_routers\"]\n                for router, gw_info in routers.iteritems():\n                    router_id = self.get_router_id(router)\n                    parameters = {\"network_id\": net[\"network\"][\"id\"]}\n                    if (\n                        self.openstack_release in [\"icehouse\", \"juno\"]\n                        and gw_info.get(\"enable_snat\") is not None\n                    ):\n                        parameters[\"enable_snat\"] = gw_info.get(\"enable_snat\")\n                    self.neutronclient.add_gateway_router(router_id, parameters)\n\n    def create_routers(self, routers=None):\n        if routers:\n            for router in routers:\n                self.neutronclient.create_router(router)\n        else:\n            for router in self.config.routers:\n                self.neutronclient.create_router(router)\n            for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n                if tenant.get(\"routers\"):\n                    self.switch_user(\n                        user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=tenant[\"name\"]\n                    )\n                    for router in tenant[\"routers\"]:\n                        self.neutronclient.create_router(router)\n            self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    def get_subnet_id(self, name):\n        subs = self.neutronclient.list_subnets()[\"subnets\"]\n        for sub in subs:\n            if sub[\"name\"] == name:\n                return sub[\"id\"]\n\n    def create_unassociated_fips(self, neutronclient, fips_count, net_id):\n        for _ in range(fips_count):\n            neutronclient.create_floatingip({\"floatingip\": {\"floating_network_id\": net_id}})\n\n    def get_pool_id(self, name):\n        pools = self.neutronclient.list_pools()[\"pools\"]\n        for pool in pools:\n            if pool[\"name\"] == name:\n                return pool[\"id\"]\n\n    def create_pools(self, pools):\n        for pool in pools:\n            pool[\"tenant_id\"] = self.get_tenant_id(pool[\"tenant_name\"])\n            pool[\"subnet_id\"] = self.get_subnet_id(pool[\"subnet_name\"])\n            pool = {i: v for i, v in pool.iteritems() if i not in [\"tenant_name\", \"subnet_name\"]}\n            self.neutronclient.create_pool({\"pool\": pool})\n\n    def create_members(self, members):\n        for member in members:\n            member[\"pool_id\"] = self.get_pool_id(member[\"pool_name\"])\n            member[\"tenant_id\"] = self.get_tenant_id(member[\"tenant_name\"])\n            member = {i: v for i, v in member.iteritems() if i not in [\"pool_name\", \"tenant_name\"]}\n            self.neutronclient.create_member({\"member\": member})\n\n    def create_monitors(self, monitors):\n        for mon in monitors:\n            mon[\"tenant_id\"] = self.get_tenant_id(mon[\"tenant_name\"])\n            mon = {i: v for i, v in mon.iteritems() if i not in [\"tenant_name\"]}\n            self.neutronclient.create_health_monitor({\"health_monitor\": mon})\n\n    def create_vips(self, vips):\n        for vip in vips:\n            vip[\"pool_id\"] = self.get_pool_id(vip[\"pool_name\"])\n            vip[\"tenant_id\"] = self.get_tenant_id(vip[\"tenant_name\"])\n            vip[\"subnet_id\"] = self.get_subnet_id(vip[\"subnet_name\"])\n            vip = {\n                i: v\n                for i, v in vip.iteritems()\n                if i not in [\"tenant_name\", \"pool_name\", \"subnet_name\"]\n            }\n            self.neutronclient.create_vip({\"vip\": vip})\n\n    @clean_if_exists\n    def create_all_networking(self):\n        self.create_routers()\n        self.create_networks(self.config.networks)\n        # Getting ip address for real network. This networks will be used to\n        self.ext_net_id = self.get_net_id(\n            [n[\"name\"] for n in self.config.networks if n.get(\"real_network\")][0]\n        )\n        self.create_pools(self.config.pools)\n        self.create_members(self.config.members_lbaas)\n        self.create_monitors(self.config.monitors)\n        self.create_vips(self.config.vips)\n\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if tenant.get(\"networks\"):\n                self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=tenant[\"name\"])\n                self.create_networks(tenant[\"networks\"])\n            if tenant.get(\"pools\"):\n                self.create_pools(tenant[\"pools\"])\n            if tenant.get(\"members_lbaas\"):\n                self.create_members(tenant[\"members_lbaas\"])\n            if tenant.get(\"monitors\"):\n                self.create_monitors(tenant[\"monitors\"])\n            if tenant.get(\"vips\"):\n                self.create_vips(tenant[\"vips\"])\n            if tenant.get(\"unassociated_fip\"):\n                self.create_unassociated_fips(\n                    self.neutronclient, tenant.get(\"unassociated_fip\"), self.ext_net_id\n                )\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    def create_security_group(self, sg_list):\n        for security_group in sg_list:\n            # pylint: disable=no-member\n            gid = self.novaclient.security_groups.create(\n                name=security_group[\"name\"], description=security_group[\"description\"]\n            ).id\n            if \"rules\" in security_group:\n                for rule in security_group[\"rules\"]:\n                    self.novaclient.security_group_rules.create(\n                        gid,\n                        ip_protocol=rule[\"ip_protocol\"],\n                        from_port=rule[\"from_port\"],\n                        to_port=rule[\"to_port\"],\n                        cidr=rule[\"cidr\"],\n                    )\n\n    def create_security_groups(self):\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if \"security_groups\" in tenant:\n                self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=tenant[\"name\"])\n                self.create_security_group(tenant[\"security_groups\"])\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    def create_security_group_rule(\n        self,\n        group_id,\n        tenant_id,\n        protocol=\"tcp\",\n        port_range_min=22,\n        port_range_max=22,\n        direction=\"ingress\",\n    ):\n        sec_rule = {\n            \"security_group_rule\": {\n                \"security_group_id\": group_id,\n                \"protocol\": protocol,\n                \"direction\": direction,\n                \"tenant_id\": tenant_id,\n                \"port_range_min\": port_range_min,\n                \"port_range_max\": port_range_max,\n            }\n        }\n        self.neutronclient.create_security_group_rule(sec_rule)\n\n    def create_cinder_volumes(self, volumes_list):\n        def wait_until_vms_with_fip_accessible(_vm_id):\n            vm = self.novaclient.servers.get(_vm_id)\n            self.migration_utils.open_ssh_port_secgroup(self, vm.tenant_id)\n            try:\n                fip_addr = self.migration_utils.get_vm_fip(vm)\n            except RuntimeError:\n                return\n            self.migration_utils.wait_until_vm_accessible_via_ssh(fip_addr)\n\n        def get_params_for_volume_creating(_volume):\n            params = [\"display_name\", \"size\", \"imageRef\", \"metadata\"]\n            vt_exists = \"volume_type\" in _volume and [\n                vt\n                for vt in self.cinderclient.volume_types.list()\n                if vt.name == _volume[\"volume_type\"]\n            ]\n            if vt_exists:\n                params.append(\"volume_type\")\n            if \"image\" in _volume:\n                _volume[\"imageRef\"] = self.get_image_id(_volume[\"image\"])\n            return {param: _volume[param] for param in params if param in _volume}\n\n        vlm_ids = []\n        for volume in volumes_list:\n            if \"user\" in volume:\n                user = [u for u in self.config.users if u[\"name\"] == volume[\"user\"]][0]\n                self.switch_user(\n                    user=user[\"name\"], password=user[\"password\"], tenant=user[\"tenant\"]\n                )\n            vlm = self.cinderclient.volumes.create(**get_params_for_volume_creating(volume))\n            # pylint: disable=no-member\n            vlm_ids.append(vlm.id)\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n        self.wait_until_objects_created(vlm_ids, self.check_volume_state, TIMEOUT)\n        vlm_ids = []\n        for volume in volumes_list:\n            if \"server_to_attach\" not in volume:\n                continue\n            vlm_id = self.get_volume_id(volume[\"display_name\"])\n            vm_id = self.get_vm_id(volume[\"server_to_attach\"])\n            wait_until_vms_with_fip_accessible(vm_id)\n            self.novaclient.volumes.create_server_volume(\n                server_id=vm_id, volume_id=vlm_id, device=volume[\"device\"]\n            )\n            vlm_ids.append(vlm_id)\n        self.wait_until_objects_created(vlm_ids, self.check_volume_state, TIMEOUT)\n\n    def create_cinder_snapshots(self, snapshot_list):\n        for snapshot in snapshot_list:\n            self.cinderclient.volume_snapshots.create(**snapshot)\n\n    def create_cinder_objects(self):\n        self.create_cinder_volumes(self.config.cinder_volumes)\n        self.create_cinder_snapshots(self.config.cinder_snapshots)\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if \"cinder_volumes\" in tenant:\n                self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=tenant[\"name\"])\n                self.create_cinder_volumes(tenant[\"cinder_volumes\"])\n                if \"cinder_snapshots\" in tenant:\n                    self.create_cinder_snapshots(tenant[\"cinder_snapshots\"])\n        self.switch_user(user=self.username, password=self.password, tenant=self.tenant)\n\n    def write_data_to_volumes(self):\n        \"\"\"Method creates file and md5sum of this file on volume\n        \"\"\"\n        volumes = self.config.cinder_volumes\n        volumes += itertools.chain(\n            *[\n                tenant[\"cinder_volumes\"]\n                for tenant in self.config.tenants\n                if \"cinder_volumes\" in tenant\n            ]\n        )\n        for volume in volumes:\n            attached_volume = volume.get(\"server_to_attach\")\n            if not volume.get(\"write_to_file\") or not attached_volume:\n                continue\n            if not volume.get(\"mount_point\"):\n                msg = \"Please specify mount point for volume %s\"\n                raise RuntimeError(msg % volume[\"name\"])\n\n            vm = self.novaclient.servers.get(self.get_vm_id(volume[\"server_to_attach\"]))\n            vm_ip = self.migration_utils.get_vm_fip(vm)\n            # Make filesystem on volume. The OS assigns the volume to the next\n            cmd = \"/usr/sbin/mkfs.ext2 /dev/vdb\"\n            self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(vm_ip, cmd)\n            cmd = \"mkdir -p %s\" % volume[\"mount_point\"]\n            self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(vm_ip, cmd)\n            # Mount volume\n            cmd = \"mount {0} {1}\".format(volume[\"device\"], volume[\"mount_point\"])\n            self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(vm_ip, cmd)\n            for _file in volume[\"write_to_file\"]:\n                _path, filename = os.path.split(_file[\"filename\"])\n                path = \"{0}/{1}\".format(volume[\"mount_point\"], _path)\n                if _path:\n                    cmd = \"mkdir -p {path}\".format(path=path)\n                    self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(vm_ip, cmd)\n                cmd = \"sh -c \\\"echo '{content}' > {path}/{filename}\\\"\"\n                self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(\n                    vm_ip, cmd.format(path=path, content=_file[\"data\"], filename=filename)\n                )\n                cmd ='sh -c \"md5sum {path}/{_file} > {path}/{_file}_md5\"'\n                self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(\n                    vm_ip, cmd.format(path=path, _file=filename)\n                )\n\n    def create_invalid_cinder_objects(self):\n        invalid_volume_tmlt = \"cinder_volume_%s\"\n        volumes = [\n            {\"display_name\": invalid_volume_tmlt % st, \"size\": 1,}\n            for st in self.config.INVALID_STATUSES\n        ]\n        existing = [\n            vol.display_name\n            for vol in self.cinderclient.volumes.list(search_opts={\"all_tenants\": 1})\n        ]\n        volumes = [vol for vol in volumes if vol[\"display_name\"] not in existing]\n        if volumes:\n            self.create_cinder_volumes(volumes)\n        for st in self.config.INVALID_STATUSES:\n            vol = self.cinderclient.volumes.find(display_name=invalid_volume_tmlt % st)\n            self.cinderclient.volumes.reset_state(vol, state=st)\n\n    def create_swift_container_and_objects(self):\n        for cont in self.config.swift_containers:\n            self.put_swift_container(cont[\"name\"])\n            for obj in cont[\"objects\"]:\n                contents = None\n                if \"random_contents_size_in_MB\" in obj and \"contents\" in obj:\n                    msg = (\n                        \"Object {obj_name} contains the 'contents' and \"\n                        \"'random_contents_size_im_MB parameters' - \"\n                        \"must be only one\"\n                    )\n                    raise RuntimeError(msg.format(obj_name=obj[\"name\"]))\n\n                if \"random_contents_size_in_MB\" in obj:\n                    size = obj[\"random_contents_size_in_MB\"]\n                    contents = os.urandom(1024 * 1024 * size)\n                elif \"contents\" in obj:\n                    contents = obj[\"contents\"]\n\n                self.put_swift_object(cont[\"name\"], obj[\"name\"], contents)\n                if \"metadata\" in obj:\n                    self.post_swift_object(cont[\"name\"], obj[\"name\"], obj[\"metadata\"])\n\n    def emulate_vm_states(self):\n        for vm_state in self.config.vm_states:\n            # emulate error state:\n            if vm_state[\"state\"] == u\"error\":\n                self.novaclient.servers.reset_state(\n                    server=self.get_vm_id(vm_state[\"name\"]), state=vm_state[\"state\"]\n                )\n            # emulate suspend state:\n            elif vm_state[\"state\"] == u\"suspend\":\n                self.novaclient.servers.suspend(self.get_vm_id(vm_state[\"name\"]))\n            # emulate resize state:\n            elif vm_state[\"state\"] == u\"pause\":\n                self.novaclient.servers.pause(self.get_vm_id(vm_state[\"name\"]))\n            # emulate stop/shutoff state:\n            elif vm_state[\"state\"] == u\"stop\":\n                self.novaclient.servers.stop(self.get_vm_id(vm_state[\"name\"]))\n            # emulate resize state:\n            elif vm_state[\"state\"] == u\"resize\":\n                self.novaclient.servers.resize(self.get_vm_id(vm_state[\"name\"]), \"2\")\n\n    def generate_vm_state_list(self):\n        data = {}\n        for vm in self.novaclient.servers.list(search_opts={\"all_tenants\": 1}):\n            for _ in range(TIMEOUT):\n                _vm = self.novaclient.servers.get(vm.id)\n                if _vm.status!= u\"RESIZE\":\n                    break\n                time.sleep(1)\n            vm_state = self.novaclient.servers.get(vm.id).status\n            data[vm.name] = vm_state\n\n        file_path = conf.pre_migration_vm_states_file\n        file_path = self.get_abs_path(file_path)\n        with open(file_path, \"w\") as outfile:\n            json.dump(data, outfile, sort_keys=True, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)\n\n    def delete_flavor(self, flavor=\"del_flvr\"):\n        \"\"\"\n        Method for flavor deletion.\n        \"\"\"\n        try:\n            self.novaclient.flavors.delete(self.get_flavor_id(flavor))\n        except nv_exceptions.ClientException:\n            self.log.warning(\"Flavor %s failed to delete:\", flavor, exc_info=True)\n\n    def update_network_quotas(self):\n        tenants = {ten.name: ten.id for ten in self.keystoneclient.tenants.list()}\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if \"quota_network\" not in tenant:\n                continue\n            ten_id = tenants[tenant[\"name\"]]\n            quota_net = tenant[\"quota_network\"]\n            self.neutronclient.update_quota(ten_id, {\"quota\": quota_net})\n\n    def modify_admin_tenant_quotas(self):\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if \"quota\" in tenant:\n                self.novaclient.quotas.update(\n                    tenant_id=self.get_tenant_id(self.tenant), **tenant[\"quota\"]\n                )\n                break\n\n    def change_admin_role_in_tenants(self):\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            self.keystoneclient.roles.remove_user_role(\n                self.get_user_id(self.username),\n                self.get_role_id(\"admin\"),\n                self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]),\n            )\n            self.switch_user(self.username, self.password, self.tenant)\n\n    def delete_users(self):\n        for user in self.config.users:\n            if user.get(\"deleted\"):\n                self.keystoneclient.users.delete(self.get_user_id(user[\"name\"]))\n\n    def delete_tenants(self):\n        for tenant in self.config.tenants:\n            if tenant.get(\"deleted\"):\n                self.keystoneclient.tenants.delete(self.get_tenant_id(tenant[\"name\"]))\n\n    def create_tenant_wo_sec_group_on_dst(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Method for check fixed issue, when on dst tenant does not have\n        security group, even default, while on src this tenant has security\n        group.\n        \"\"\"\n        for t in self.config.tenants:\n            if not t.get(\"deleted\") and t[\"enabled\"]:\n                try:\n                    self.dst_cloud.keystoneclient.tenants.create(\n                        tenant_name=t[\"name\"], description=t[\"description\"], enabled=t[\"enabled\"]\n                    )\n                except ks_exceptions.Conflict:\n                    pass\n\n    def create_user_on_dst(self):\n        \"\"\"\n        Method for check fixed issue, when on dst and src exists user with\n        same user tenant role.\n        1. Get one user tenant role from config\n        2. Get user from config, which should be created\n        3. Create roles, which specified in user tenant roles\n        4. Get tenants, in which user has roles and tenant which the user\n         belongs\n        5. Create tenants\n        6. Create user\n        7. Create user tenant roles\n        \"\"\"\n        user_tenant_role = self.config.user_tenant_roles[0]\n        username, roles_to_create = user_tenant_role.items()[0]\n        user = [user for user in self.config.users if username == user[\"name\"]][0]\n        tenants_names = [user[\"tenant\"]]\n        for role in roles_to_create:\n            try:\n                self.dst_cloud.keystoneclient.roles.create(name=role[\"role\"])\n            except ks_exceptions.Conflict:\n                self.log.warning(\n                    \"There was an error during role creating on \" \"dst:\", exc_info=True\n                )\n                continue\n            if role[\"tenant\"] not in tenants_names:\n                tenants_names.append(role[\"tenant\"])\n\n        tenants_to_create = [\n            t\n            for t in self.config.tenants\n            if t[\"name\"] in tenants_names and not self.dst_cloud.tenant_exists(t[\"name\"])\n        ]\n        self.dst_cloud.create_tenants(tenants_to_create)\n        self.dst_cloud.create_users([user])\n        self.dst_cloud.create_user_tenant_roles([user_tenant_role])\n\n    def create_volumes_from_images(self):\n        self.create_cinder_volumes(self.config.cinder_volumes_from_images)\n\n    def boot_vms_from_volumes(self):\n        for vm in self.config.vms_from_volumes:\n            params = self._get_parameters_for_vm_creating(vm)\n            params[\"block_device_mapping_v2\"] = []\n            params[\"block_device_mapping_v2\"].append(\n                {\n                    \"source_type\": \"volume\",\n                    \"delete_on_termination\": False,\n                    \"boot_index\": 0,\n                    \"uuid\": self.get_volume_id(vm[\"volume\"]),\n                    \"destination_type\": \"volume\",\n                }\n            )\n            self.novaclient.servers.create(**params)\n\n    def break_vm(self):\n        \"\"\" Method delete vm via virsh to emulate situation, when vm is valid\n        and active in nova db, but in fact does not exist\n        \"\"\"\n        vms_to_break = []\n        for vm in self.migration_utils.get_all_vms_from_config():\n            if vm.get(\"broken\"):\n                vms_to_break.append(self.get_vm_id(vm[\"name\"]))\n\n        for vm in vms_to_break:\n            inst_name = getattr(self.novaclient.servers.get(vm), \"OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name\")\n            cmd = \"virsh destroy {0} && virsh undefine {0}\".format(inst_name)\n            self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(\n                self.get_vagrant_vm_ip(), cmd, username=\"root\", password=\"\"\n            )\n\n    def delete_image_on_dst(self):\n        \"\"\" Method delete images with a 'delete_on_dst' flag on\n        the destenation cloud. During migration CF must migrate the image\n        and generate new UUID for the image, because image with the original\n        UUID has been deleted.\n        \"\"\"\n        all_images = self.migration_utils.get_all_images_from_config()\n        images_to_delete = [image for image in all_images if image.get(\"delete_on_dst\")]\n        for image in images_to_delete:\n            image_id = self.dst_cloud.get_image_id(image[\"name\"])\n            self.dst_cloud.glanceclient.images.delete(image_id)\n\n    def break_images(self):\n        all_images = self.migration_utils.get_all_images_from_config()\n        images_to_break = [image for image in all_images if image.get(\"broken\")]\n        images_to_delete = [image for image in all_images if image.get(\"is_deleted\")]\n        for image in images_to_break:\n            image_id = self.get_image_id(image[\"name\"])\n            cmd = \"rm -rf /var/lib/glance/images/%s\" % image_id\n            self.migration_utils.execute_command_on_vm(\n                self.get_vagrant_vm_ip(), cmd, username=\"root\", password=\"\"\n            )\n        for image in images_to_delete:\n            image_id = self.get_image_id(image[\"name\"])\n            self.glanceclient.images.delete(image_id)\n\n    def create_dst_networking(self):\n        self.dst_cloud.create_routers(self.config.dst_routers)\n        self.dst_cloud.create_networks(self.config.dst_networks)\n        for net in self.config.dst_networks:\n            if net.get(\"real_network\"):\n                ext_net_id = self.dst_cloud.get_net_id(net.get(\"name\"))\n                self.create_unassociated_fips(\n                    self.dst_cloud.neutronclient, self.config.dst_unassociated_fip, ext_net_id\n                )\n\n    def create_ext_net_map_yaml(self):\n        src_ext_nets = [net[\"name\"] for net in self.config.networks if net.get(\"router:external\")]\n        dst_ext_nets = [\n            net[\"name\"] for net in self.config.dst_networks if net.get(\"router:external\")\n        ]\n        file_path = self.get_abs_path(self.config.ext_net_map)\n        with open(file_path, \"w\") as f:\n            for src_net in src_ext_nets:\n                for dst_net in dst_ext_nets:\n                    if src_net == dst_net:\n                        src_net_id = self.get_net_id(src_net)\n                        dst_net_id = self.dst_cloud.get_net_id(dst_net)\n                        f.write(\n                            \"{src_net}: {dst_net}\".format(src_net=src_net_id, dst_net=dst_net_id)\n                        )\n\n    def run_preparation_scenario(self):\n        self.init_dst_cloud()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating tenants\")\n        self.create_tenants()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating users\")\n        self.create_users()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating roles\")\n        self.create_roles()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating keypairs\")\n        self.create_keypairs()\n        self.log.info(\"Modifying quotas\")\n        self.modify_quotas()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating flavors\")\n        self.create_flavors()\n        self.log.info(\"Uploading images\")\n        self.upload_image()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating networking\")\n        self.create_all_networking()\n        if self.openstack_release in [\"icehouse\", \"juno\"]:\n            self.log.info(\"Creating server groups\")\n            self.create_server_groups()\n            self.log.info(\"Create bootable volume from image\")\n            self.create_volumes_from_images()\n            self.log.info(\"Boot vm from volume\")\n            self.boot_vms_from_volumes()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating vms\")\n        self.create_vms()\n        self.log.info(\"Breaking VMs\")\n        self.break_vm()\n        self.log.info(\"Breaking Images\")\n        self.break_images()\n        self.log.info(\"Delete images on dst\")\n        self.delete_image_on_dst()\n        self.log.info(\"Updating filtering\")\n        self.update_filtering_file()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating vm snapshots\")\n        self.create_vm_snapshots()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating security groups\")\n        self.create_security_groups()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating cinder objects\")\n        self.create_cinder_objects()\n        self.log.info(\"Writing data into the volumes\")\n        self.write_data_to_volumes()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating invalid cinder objects\")\n        self.create_invalid_cinder_objects()\n        self.log.info(\"Create swift containers and objects\")\n        self.create_swift_container_and_objects()\n        self.log.info(\"Emulating vm states\")\n        self.emulate_vm_states()\n        self.log.info(\"Generating vm states list\")\n        self.generate_vm_state_list()\n        self.log.info(\"Deleting flavor\")\n        self.delete_flavor()\n        self.log.info(\"Modifying admin tenant quotas\")\n        self.modify_admin_tenant_quotas()\n        self.log.info(\"Update network quotas\")\n        self.update_network_quotas()\n        self.log.info(\"Change admin role in tenants\")\n        self.change_admin_role_in_tenants()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating user tenant roles\")\n        self.create_user_tenant_roles()\n        self.log.info(\"Delete users which should be deleted\")\n        self.delete_users()\n        self.log.info(\"Delete tenants which should be deleted\")\n        self.delete_tenants()\n        self.log.info(\"Create tenant on dst, without security group\")\n        self.create_tenant_wo_sec_group_on_dst()\n        self.log.info(\"Create role on dst\")\n        self.create_user_on_dst()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating networks on dst\")\n        self.create_dst_networking()\n        self.log.info(\"Creating networks map\")\n        self.create_ext_net_map_yaml()\n\nWhat methods are used to create tenants in the preparation scenario?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "76401600765542c4bd9f274466e52ee5", "conversation_index": 421349, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1304, "prompt": "8 PX VILLE DE VIRE - CLAUDE FOUCAULT - 16 partants\n\n34.000 Euros - Attelé. - Course D, 2.825 mètres. - Corde à droite - 1 FARCEUR DE CONDE Déferré des 4 COLLETTE A. MORIN F.M.\n134840 H8 2825 9a 8a Da 3a 5a 1a 4a 2a 8a (22) Da 2a 1a\nAladin D'Ecajeul-hygie De Vrie\n2 HERAKLION Déferré des 4 LEVESQUE P. LEVESQUE P.\n135015 F6 2825 3a Da 7a 1a Da 4a 5a 2a Da (22) 5a Da 0a\nApprenti Sorcier-quatabelle\n3 HAUTAIN Déferré des postérieurs LEBOURGEOIS Y. LEBARQUE V.\n135430 M6 2825 3a 4a 1a 5a 0a 2a Da 3a 0a (22) Da 0a 0a\nReady Cash-nika\n4 HASARD D'ERABLE Déferré des antérieurs THOMAIN D. THOMAIN C.\n136095 H6 2825 1a 1a 4a 1a Da 2a 2a 3a (22) 1a 2a 2a 7a\nUp And Quick-abbaye D'Erable\n2850 mètres\n5 FIGOLU FRAZEEN Plaqué des antérieurs BEAUCHENE TH. GOETZ Mlle V.M.\n268225 H8 2850 3a Da Dm 7a 4a 1a Dm 4a 9m 0a (22) 0a 3a\nRick Des Sales-nymphe Du Chatelet\n6 HALICIA BELLA WIELS A. MARMION J.P.\n271390 F6 2850 8a 6a 2a 3a 8a (22) 4a 2a 1a 5a 1a 3a 1a\nBold Eagle-talicia Bella\n7 EFFIGIE ROYALE Déferré des 4 BAZIRE N. JAULNEAU N.\n272440 F9 2850 (22) 9a 9a 7a Da 8a 3a 7a 4a 0a 8a (21) 0a 4a\nEcho-union De Josylda\n8 EPSON D'ARIANE BETHOUART D. BETHOUART D.\n273280 H9 2850 8a Da 5a 7a 3a Da 4a 1a (22) 2a 9a 8a 6a\nUppercut Du Rib-passion D'Ariane\n9 FEE LUCERNAISE Déferré des 4 NIVARD F. CHARUEL M.\n273470 F8 2850 3a 6a 2a 8a 5a 0a 3a (22) 8a 2a 0a 8a 0a\nQuickly Paris-rose Lucernaise\n10 GUIDE MOI FORGAN ROCHARD B. CASTEL P.\n275080 M7 2850 0a 7a 4a (22) 6m 1m 6a 0a 0a 6a (21) 3m 2m 2m\nNeutron Du Cebe-trajane\n11 GLAMOUR QUEEN Déferré des postérieurs DUBOIS J.PH. MOULIN PH.\n275930 F7 2850 9a Da 2a 2a 0a 8a (22) 7a 2a 5a 8a 9a 0a\nProdigious-queen'S Glory\n12 FANFARONNEUR Déferré des postérieurs MOTTIER M. LE BEC H.\n277160 H8 2850 9a 5a 3a 9a 2a 5a 1a 4a 2a 6a 8a (22) 2a\nRockfeller Center-miss Bonette\n13 HALLIX GILLOT G. GILLOT G.\n281260 F6 2850 Da Da 6a Da (22) 3m 8a 8m 0a 8a (21) 2m 7a 1m\nRoc Meslois-titania\n14 GENDREEN ABRIVARD A. ABRIVARD L.CL.\n282920 H7 2850 2a 3a 0a 1a Da 1a 3a 2a (22) 2a 1a 1a 1a\nBoccador De Simm-miss Gendrenne\n15 EROICO BELLO HEON D. GARREAU A.\n283590 H9 2850 2m 8m Dm (22) 1m 0a 0m 0a Dm 0m 1m Dm (21) 2m\nUn Mec D'Heripre-qualicia Bella\n16 ESPACE WINNER LEBLANC K. ABRIVARD L.CL.\n300800 H9 2850 0a (22) 1m 1m 1m 1m Dm 0a 6a Da (21) 1m 0a 1m\nPrince D'Espace-fanfreluche Du Rib . A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 2 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale."}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "92d0400b1dc371cd3d179d660439b832c3ad5aecf1444ad4", "conversation_index": 2342, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 6014, "prompt": "// language: Java\npackage com.hajun.rho.main;\n\nimport java.awt.BorderLayout;\nimport java.awt.Color;\nimport java.awt.Dimension;\nimport java.awt.EventQueue;\nimport java.awt.Image;\nimport java.awt.Toolkit;\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\nimport java.awt.event.MouseEvent;\nimport java.awt.event.MouseListener;\nimport java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;\nimport java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;\nimport java.text.ParseException;\nimport java.text.SimpleDateFormat;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\nimport java.util.Calendar;\nimport java.util.List;\n\nimport javax.swing.BoxLayout;\nimport javax.swing.ImageIcon;\nimport javax.swing.JButton;\nimport javax.swing.JCheckBox;\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\nimport javax.swing.JLabel;\nimport javax.swing.JOptionPane;\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\nimport javax.swing.JTabbedPane;\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\nimport javax.swing.JTextField;\nimport javax.swing.ScrollPaneConstants;\nimport javax.swing.SwingConstants;\nimport javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;\nimport javax.swing.border.LineBorder;\nimport javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;\nimport javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;\n\nimport org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;\nimport org.jfree.chart.ChartPanel;\nimport org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;\nimport org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;\nimport org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset;\nimport org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset;\nimport org.jfree.ui.RefineryUtilities;\n\nimport com.hajun.rho.database.Database;\nimport com.hajun.rho.dialog.RecordViewDialog;\nimport com.hajun.rho.listener.Window;\nimport com.hajun.rho.model.LifePattern;\nimport com.hajun.rho.model.RecordView;\nimport com.hajun.rho.service.ChartService;\nimport com.hajun.rho.service.RecordSaveService;\nimport com.hajun.rho.service.RecordViewService;\nimport com.hajun.rho.util.TranceForm;\nimport com.toedter.calendar.JDateChooser;\n\npublic class Main extends JFrame {\n\n\t/**\n\t * \n\t */\n\tprivate static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;\n\n\tprivate JPanel contentPane;\n\tprivate JTable table;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_1;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_2;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_4;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_9;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_10;\n\tprivate JTextField textField_11;\n\n\tprivate JPanel panel_1;\n\tprivate JPanel panel_2;\n\tprivate JPanel panel_3;\n\tprivate JPanel panel_4;\n\tprivate JPanel panel_5;\n\n\tprivate JScrollPane scrollPane;\n\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {\n\t\tEventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {\n\t\t\tpublic void run() {\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\tDatabase.getConnection();\n\t\t\t\t\tMain frame = new Main();\n\t\t\t\t\tframe.setVisible(true);\n\t\t\t\t} catch (Exception e) {\n\t\t\t\t\te.printStackTrace();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t}\n\n\t// 생성자\n\tpublic Main() {\n\t\tfinal JFrame mainFrame = this;\n\n\t\tsetTitle(\"하준이 생활 분석 프로그램\");\n\t\tthis.addWindowListener(new Window());\n\t\tsetBounds(100, 100, 944, 450);\n\t\tcontentPane = new JPanel();\n\t\tcontentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));\n\t\tsetContentPane(contentPane);\n\t\tcontentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));\n\n\t\tToolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();\n\t\tImage img = toolkit.getImage(\"img/favicon.png\");\n\t\tsetIconImage(img);\n\n\t\tJPanel panel = new JPanel();\n\t\tcontentPane.add(panel);\n\t\tpanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));\n\n\t\tJTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane(JTabbedPane.TOP);\n\t\tpanel.add(tabbedPane);\n\n\t\t// Tab - 소개\n\t\tpanel_1 = new JPanel();\n\t\ttabbedPane.addTab(\"소개\", null, panel_1, null);\n\t\tpanel_1.setLayout(null);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_14 = new JLabel(\"Ver. 1.0.0\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_14.setBounds(844, 10, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_1.add(lblNewLabel_14);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_15 = new JLabel(\"Dev. RhoYoungHoon :: E-mail. yhchj61@gmail.com\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_15.setBounds(308, 347, 300, 15);\n\t\tpanel_1.add(lblNewLabel_15);\n\n\t\tJPanel panel_6 = new JPanel();\n\n\t\tCalendar today = Calendar.getInstance();\n\t\tCalendar birthDay = Calendar.getInstance();\n\n\t\tbirthDay.set(2018, 2, 25);\n\n\t\tlong longToday = today.getTimeInMillis() / 86400000;\n\t\tlong longBirthDay = birthDay.getTimeInMillis() / 86400000;\n\t\tint count = (int) (longToday - longBirthDay);\n\t\tpanel_6.setLayout(null);\n\n\t\tJLabel dDay = new JLabel(\"+ \" + (count + 1) + \" Days\");\n\t\tdDay.setForeground(Color.BLUE);\n\t\tdDay.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);\n\t\tdDay.setBounds(12, 117, 376, 68);\n\t\tdDay.setFont(new java.awt.Font(\"맑은 고딕\", java.awt.Font.PLAIN, 60));\n\n\t\tpanel_6.add(dDay);\n\t\tpanel_6.setBounds(256, 36, 400, 300);\n\t\tpanel_1.add(panel_6);\n\n\t\t// Tab - 기록보기\n\t\tpanel_2 = new JPanel();\n\t\ttabbedPane.addTab(\"기록보기\", null, panel_2, null);\n\t\ttabbedPane.setEnabledAt(1, true);\n\n\t\tscrollPane = new JScrollPane();\n\t\tscrollPane.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(800, 350));\n\t\tscrollPane.setViewportBorder(null);\n\t\tscrollPane.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);\n\t\tpanel_2.add(scrollPane);\n\n\t\t// Tab - 데이터 분석\n\t\tpanel_4 = new JPanel();\n\t\ttabbedPane.addTab(\"데이터 분석\", null, panel_4, null);\n\t\tpanel_4.setLayout(null);\n\n\t\tJDateChooser dateChooser = new JDateChooser();\n\t\tdateChooser.setBounds(35, 14, 120, 20);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(dateChooser);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_17 = new JLabel(\"부터\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_17.setBounds(163, 14, 35, 15);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(lblNewLabel_17);\n\n\t\tJDateChooser dateChooser_1 = new JDateChooser();\n\t\tdateChooser_1.setBounds(190, 14, 120, 20);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(dateChooser_1);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_16 = new JLabel(\"까지\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_16.setBounds(322, 14, 35, 15);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(lblNewLabel_16);\n\n\t\tdateChooser.addPropertyChangeListener(new PropertyChangeListener() {\n\t\t\tpublic void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {\n\t\t\t\tdateChooser_1.setDate(dateChooser.getDate());\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\n\t\tJPanel panel_7 = new JPanel();\n\t\tpanel_7.setBackground(Color.WHITE);\n\t\tpanel_7.setForeground(Color.BLACK);\n\t\tpanel_7.setBorder(new LineBorder(new Color(0, 0, 0), 1, true));\n\t\tpanel_7.setBounds(36, 46, 845, 316);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(panel_7);\n\t\tpanel_7.setLayout(null);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_18 = new JLabel(\"등록횟수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_18.setBounds(12, 10, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_18);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_19 = new JLabel(\"총 분유량\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_19.setBounds(12, 40, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_19);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_20 = new JLabel(\"1일 평균 분유량\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_20.setBounds(12, 70, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_20);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_21 = new JLabel(\"1회 평균 분유량\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_21.setBounds(12, 100, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_21);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_22 = new JLabel(\"분유 텀\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_22.setBounds(12, 130, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_22);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_23 = new JLabel(\"소변 횟수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_23.setBounds(12, 160, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_23);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_24 = new JLabel(\"대변 횟수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_24.setBounds(12, 190, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_24);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_25 = new JLabel(\"1일 평균 소변 횟수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_25.setBounds(12, 220, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_25);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_26 = new JLabel(\"1일 평균 대변 횟수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_26.setBounds(12, 250, 120, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_26);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_18_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_18_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_18_view.setBounds(140, 10, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_18_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_19_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_19_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_19_view.setBounds(140, 40, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_19_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_20_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_20_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_20_view.setBounds(140, 70, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_20_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_21_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_21_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_21_view.setBounds(140, 100, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_21_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_22_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_22_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_22_view.setBounds(140, 130, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_22_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_23_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_23_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_23_view.setBounds(140, 160, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_23_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_24_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_24_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_24_view.setBounds(140, 190, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_24_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_25_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_25_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_25_view.setBounds(140, 220, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_25_view);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_26_view = new JLabel(\"-\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_26_view.setForeground(Color.RED);\n\t\tlblNewLabel_26_view.setBounds(140, 250, 70, 15);\n\t\tpanel_7.add(lblNewLabel_26_view);\n\n\t\tJButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton(\"실행\");\n\t\tbtnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {\n\t\t\tpublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {\n\t\t\t\tString date1 = TranceForm.dateToCustomFormat(dateChooser.getDate(), \"yy-MM-dd 00:00\");\n\t\t\t\tString date2 = TranceForm.dateToCustomFormat(dateChooser_1.getDate(), \"yy-MM-dd 23:59\");\n\n\t\t\t\tSimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yy-MM-dd HH:mm\");\n\n\t\t\t\tlong startDate = 0;\n\t\t\t\tlong endDate = 0;\n\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\tstartDate = sdf.parse(date1).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t\tendDate = sdf.parse(date2).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t} catch (ParseException e1) {\n\t\t\t\t\tSystem.out.println(\"[DEBUG] Main create actionPerformed ParseException --> \" + e1.getMessage());\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tRecordViewService rd = new RecordViewService();\n\t\t\t\tRecordView rv = rd.getRecord(startDate, endDate);\n\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_18_view.setText(rv.getCount() + \"회\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_19_view.setText(rv.getTotal() + \"ml\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_20_view.setText(rv.getAvgMilkForDay() + \"ml\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_21_view.setText(rv.getAvgMilkForCount() + \"ml\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_22_view.setText(rv.getTerm() + \"분\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_23_view.setText(rv.getPeeCount() + \"회\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_24_view.setText(rv.getFecesCount() + \"회\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_25_view.setText(rv.getAvgPeeForDay() + \"회\");\n\t\t\t\tlblNewLabel_26_view.setText(rv.getAvgFecesForDay() + \"회\");\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tbtnNewButton_1.setBounds(371, 13, 97, 23);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(btnNewButton_1);\n\n\t\tJButton btnNewButton_2 = new JButton(\"차트\");\n\t\tbtnNewButton_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {\n\t\t\tpublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {\n\n\t\t\t\tString date1 = TranceForm.dateToCustomFormat(dateChooser.getDate(), \"yy-MM-dd 00:00\");\n\t\t\t\tString date2 = TranceForm.dateToCustomFormat(dateChooser_1.getDate(), \"yy-MM-dd 23:59\");\n\n\t\t\t\tSimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yy-MM-dd HH:mm\");\n\n\t\t\t\tlong startDate = 0;\n\t\t\t\tlong endDate = 0;\n\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\tstartDate = sdf.parse(date1).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t\tendDate = sdf.parse(date2).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t} catch (ParseException e1) {\n\t\t\t\t\tSystem.out.println(\"[DEBUG] Main create actionPerformed ParseException --> \" + e1.getMessage());\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tChartService chart = new ChartService(\"Chart\", \"일별 분유량 추세선\", startDate, endDate);\n\t\t\t\tchart.pack();\n\t\t\t\tRefineryUtilities.centerFrameOnScreen(chart);\n\t\t\t\tchart.setVisible(true);\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tbtnNewButton_2.setBounds(480, 14, 97, 23);\n\t\tpanel_4.add(btnNewButton_2);\n\n\t\t// Tab - 기록하기\n\t\tpanel_5 = new JPanel();\n\t\ttabbedPane.addTab(\"기록하기\", null, panel_5, null);\n\t\tpanel_5.setLayout(null);\n\n\t\t// \"일자\", \"시간\", \"트림\", \"분유\", \"소변\", \"대변\", \"목욕\", \"크림\", \"키\", \"몸무게\", \"비고\"\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel(\"일자\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel.setBounds(49, 10, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel(\"시간\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_1.setBounds(49, 35, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_1);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel(\"트림\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_2.setBounds(49, 85, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_2);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_3 = new JLabel(\"분유\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_3.setBounds(49, 60, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_3);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_4 = new JLabel(\"소변\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_4.setBounds(49, 110, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_4);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_5 = new JLabel(\"대변\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_5.setBounds(49, 135, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_5);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_6 = new JLabel(\"목욕\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_6.setBounds(49, 160, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_6);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_7 = new JLabel(\"크림\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_7.setBounds(49, 185, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_7);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_8 = new JLabel(\"키\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_8.setBounds(49, 210, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_8);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_9 = new JLabel(\"몸무게\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_9.setBounds(49, 235, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_9);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_10 = new JLabel(\"비고\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_10.setBounds(49, 260, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_10);\n\n\t\ttextField_1 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_1.setBounds(136, 7, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_1);\n\t\ttextField_1.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_11 = new JLabel(\"※ 필수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_11.setBounds(264, 10, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_11);\n\n\t\ttextField_2 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_2.setBounds(136, 32, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_2);\n\t\ttextField_2.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_12 = new JLabel(\"※ 필수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_12.setBounds(264, 35, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_12);\n\n\t\ttextField_4 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_4.setBounds(136, 57, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_4);\n\t\ttextField_4.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\tJLabel lblNewLabel_13 = new JLabel(\"※ 필수\");\n\t\tlblNewLabel_13.setBounds(264, 60, 57, 15);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(lblNewLabel_13);\n\n\t\ttextField_9 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_9.setBounds(136, 207, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_9);\n\t\ttextField_9.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\ttextField_10 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_10.setBounds(136, 232, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_10);\n\t\ttextField_10.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\ttextField_11 = new JTextField();\n\t\ttextField_11.setBounds(136, 257, 116, 21);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(textField_11);\n\t\ttextField_11.setColumns(10);\n\n\t\tJCheckBox chckbxNewCheckBox = new JCheckBox(\"\");\n\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox.setBounds(136, 81, 115, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(chckbxNewCheckBox);\n\n\t\tJCheckBox chckbxNewCheckBox_1 = new JCheckBox(\"\");\n\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_1.setBounds(136, 106, 115, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(chckbxNewCheckBox_1);\n\n\t\tJCheckBox chckbxNewCheckBox_2 = new JCheckBox(\"\");\n\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_2.setBounds(136, 131, 115, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(chckbxNewCheckBox_2);\n\n\t\tJCheckBox chckbxNewCheckBox_3 = new JCheckBox(\"\");\n\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_3.setBounds(136, 156, 115, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(chckbxNewCheckBox_3);\n\n\t\tJCheckBox chckbxNewCheckBox_4 = new JCheckBox(\"\");\n\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_4.setBounds(136, 181, 115, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(chckbxNewCheckBox_4);\n\n\t\tJButton btnNewButton = new JButton(\"저장\");\n\t\tbtnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {\n\t\t\tpublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {\n\t\t\t\t// 필수 입력사항 검사\n\t\t\t\tString checkDate = textField_1.getText().trim();\n\t\t\t\tString checkTime = textField_2.getText().trim();\n\t\t\t\tString checkMilk = textField_4.getText().trim();\n\n\t\t\t\tif (checkDate.equals(\"\") || checkDate == null) {\n\t\t\t\t\tJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, \"일자 항목을 입력하세요\");\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif (checkTime.equals(\"\") || checkTime == null) {\n\t\t\t\t\tJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, \"시간 항목을 입력하세요\");\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tif (checkMilk.equals(\"\") || checkMilk == null) {\n\t\t\t\t\tJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, \"분유 항목을 입력하세요\");\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t// 데이터 저장\n\t\t\t\tSimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yyMMdd HHmm\");\n\n\t\t\t\tlong date = 0;\n\t\t\t\ttry {\n\t\t\t\t\tdate = sdf.parse(textField_1.getText().trim() + \" \" + textField_2.getText().trim()).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t} catch (ParseException e1) {\n\t\t\t\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Main actionPerformed ParseException --> \" + e1.getMessage());\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\tint milk = Integer.parseInt(textField_4.getText().trim());\n\t\t\t\tint burp = TranceForm.booleanToInt(chckbxNewCheckBox.isSelected());\n\t\t\t\tint pee = TranceForm.booleanToInt(chckbxNewCheckBox_1.isSelected());\n\t\t\t\tint feces = TranceForm.booleanToInt(chckbxNewCheckBox_2.isSelected());\n\t\t\t\tint bath = TranceForm.booleanToInt(chckbxNewCheckBox_3.isSelected());\n\t\t\t\tint cream = TranceForm.booleanToInt(chckbxNewCheckBox_4.isSelected());\n\t\t\t\tString height = textField_9.getText().trim();\n\t\t\t\tString weight = textField_10.getText().trim();\n\t\t\t\tString desc = textField_11.getText().trim();\n\n\t\t\t\tLifePattern lifePattern = new LifePattern();\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setDate(date);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setMilk(milk);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setBurp(burp);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setPee(pee);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setFeces(feces);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setBath(bath);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setCream(cream);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setHeight(height);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setWeight(weight);\n\t\t\t\tlifePattern.setDesc(desc);\n\n\t\t\t\tSystem.out.println(lifePattern);\n\n\t\t\t\tRecordSaveService recordSave = new RecordSaveService();\n\t\t\t\tint result = recordSave.saveLifePattern(lifePattern);\n\n\t\t\t\tif (result == 1) {\n\t\t\t\t\t// 값 초기화(일자 제외)\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_2.setText(\"\");\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_4.setText(\"\");\n\t\t\t\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox.setSelected(false);\n\t\t\t\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_1.setSelected(false);\n\t\t\t\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_2.setSelected(false);\n\t\t\t\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_3.setSelected(false);\n\t\t\t\t\tchckbxNewCheckBox_4.setSelected(false);\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_9.setText(\"\");\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_10.setText(\"\");\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_11.setText(\"\");\n\t\t\t\t\ttextField_2.requestFocusInWindow();\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, \"저장 실패\\n입력값을 확인해 주세요\");\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tbtnNewButton.setBounds(156, 288, 97, 23);\n\t\tpanel_5.add(btnNewButton);\n\n\t\t// ----- /기록하기 탭\n\n\t\ttabController(tabbedPane, mainFrame);\n\n\t}\n\n\t// Tab 선택시 분기(Tab별 초기화 실행)\n\tprivate void tabController(JTabbedPane tabbedPane, JFrame mainFrame) {\n\t\tRecordViewService recordLoad = new RecordViewService();\n\n\t\ttabbedPane.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {\n\t\t\tint selectedIndex = 0;\n\n\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\tpublic void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {\n\t\t\t\tselectedIndex = tabbedPane.getSelectedIndex();\n\n\t\t\t\tswitch (selectedIndex) {\n\t\t\t\tcase 0:\n\t\t\t\t\t// 소개\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase 1:\n\t\t\t\t\t// 기록보기\n\t\t\t\t\ttable = recordLoad.recordView(table);\n\t\t\t\t\tscrollPane.setViewportView(table);\n\n\t\t\t\t\ttable.addMouseListener(new MouseListener() {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t// 선택한 시간대를 기준으로 다른 일자에서 같은 시간대 찾기\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tList<LifePattern> lpList = new ArrayList<LifePattern>();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tint row = table.getSelectedRow();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tint col = table.getSelectedColumn();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (col == 1) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tString time = (String) table.getValueAt(row, col);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttry {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(\"HH\");\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yy-MM-dd HH:mm\");\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tint hour = sdf.parse(time).getHours();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tString matchTime = null;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tint matchHour = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tString matchDate = null;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tint matchMilk = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong date = 0;\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < table.getRowCount(); i++) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmatchTime = (String) table.getValueAt(i, col);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmatchHour = sdf.parse(matchTime).getHours();\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (hour == matchHour) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLifePattern lp = new LifePattern();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmatchDate = (String) table.getValueAt(i, col - 1);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmatchTime = (String) table.getValueAt(i, col);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdate = sdf1.parse(matchDate + \" \" + matchTime).getTime();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmatchMilk = Integer.parseInt((String) table.getValueAt(i, col + 1));\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlp.setDate(date);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlp.setMilk(matchMilk);\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlpList.add(lp);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} catch (ParseException e1) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSystem.out.println(\"[DEBUG] \" + e1.getMessage());\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (lpList.isEmpty()) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, \"일치하는 항목이 없습니다.\");\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnew RecordViewDialog(mainFrame, \"시간대 매칭\", lpList);\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpublic void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpublic void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpublic void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpublic void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase 2:\n\t\t\t\t\t// 차트\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase 3:\n\t\t\t\t\t// 데이터 분석\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\tcase 4:\n\t\t\t\t\t// 기록하기\n\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t}\n}\n\n这个程序的主要功能是什么?它能实现哪些数据的记录和分析?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "a8f012e6cc6c4b6fb0394a2512d0c086", "conversation_index": 508245, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1031, "prompt": "The following is an OCR output of a traffic ticket. Please identify the ticket holder's name, address, violation, violation date and time, and the total penalty. The OCR output is:\nName\n:\nStreet\nor\nPOB\n:\nCity\n:\nhearing\n.\nThe\ncourt\nwill\ntell\nme\nhow\nto\nrequest\na\nwitness's\nappearance\n.\nI\nunderstand\nthis\nwill\ngo\non\nmy\ndriving\nrecord\nif\nI\nlose\nand\n\"\ntraffic\n\"\nis\nchecked\n.\nMy\nmailing\naddress\nis\n:\n(\nPLEASE\nPRINT\n)\nTelephone\n:\nIs\ninterpreter\nneeded\n?\nLanguage\n:\nX\n:\n(\nSIGNATURE\n)\nINFRACTION\nTRAFFIC\nNON\nTRAFFIC\nIN\nTHE\nCITY\n/\nTOWN\nOF\nLEA\nORI\n#\nDISTRICT\nMUNICIPAL\nCOURT\nOF\nEVERETT\nMUNICIPAL\nCOURT\nSTATE\nOF\nWASHINGTON\n\nPLAINTIFF\nVS\nNAMED\nDEFENDANT\nCOUNTY\nOF\nADDRESS\nDRIVER'S\nLICENSE\nNO\n(\nSCANNED\n)\nWDL716RB543B\nNAME\nLAST\nSALAMA\nMIDDLE\nWA0310300\nNO\nEVERETT\nCITY\nKENMORE\nEMPLOYER\nEMPLOYER\nLOCATION\nDATE\nOF\nBIRTH\nETHNICITY\nSEX\nM\n10-16-77\nRESIDENTIAL\nPHONE\nNO\nCELL\n/\nPAGER\nNO\nMP\nBLOCK\n#\n11900\nMAHER\n19635\n81ST\nPL\nNE\nVIOLATION\nDATE\nON\nOR\nABOUT\n02/09/2023\n10:36\nAT\nLOCATION\n19TH\nAVE\nSE\nREF\nTRAFFIC\nWAY\nADDRESS\nCOURT\nORI\n#\nWA031051J\nTHE\nUNDER\nSIGNED\nCERTIFIES\nAND\nSAYS\nTHAT\nIN\nTHE\nSTATE\nOF\nWASHINGTON\nSTATE\nEXPIRES\nPHOTO\nID\nMATCHED\nCDL\n/\nCLP\nWA\n10-16-30\nYES\nNO\nYES\nCITY\nSTATE\nACCIDENT\nRACE\nOWNER\n/\nCOMPANY\nIF\nOTHER\nTHAN\nDRIVER\nEXEMPT\nVEHICLE\nState\n:\nCITY\n/\nCOUNTY\nOF\nZIP\nCODE\nRELATED\n#\nEVERETT\n/\nSNOHOMISH\n2\nVIOLATION\n/\nSTATUTE\nCODE\n3\nVIOLATION\n/\nSTATUTE\nCODE\nVEH\nSPEED\n63\n46.61.400\n1\nVIOLATION\n/\nSTATUTE\nCODE\nSPEEDING\n18\nMPH\nOVER\nLIMIT\n(\n40\nOR\nU\n4\nVIOLATION\n/\nSTATUTE\nCODE\n5\nVIOLATION\n/\nSTATUTE\nCODE\nEmail\n:\nCOMMERCIAL\nVEHICLE\nFIRE\nLEA\nDID\nOPERATE\n/\nPARK\nTHE\nFOLLOWING\nVEHICLE\nON\nA\nPUBLIC\nHIGHWAY\n/\nPROPERTY\nAND\nVEH\nLICNO\nSTATE\nEXPIRES\nVEH\nYR\nMAKE\nABOUNAM\nWA\n10-22-23\n2021\nTR\n#\n1\nLIC\nNO\nSTATE\nEXPIRES\nTR\nYR\nMODEL\nTESL\nMODEL\nTR\n#\n2\nLIC\nNO\nSTATE\nEXPIRES\nTR\nYR\nZip\nCode\n:\nTICKET\nSERVED\nON\nVIOLATOR\n/\nVEHICLE\nTICKET\nSENT\nTO\nCOURT\nFOR\nMAILING\nPARKING\n3A0177452\nFIRST\nMINA\nSFX\nREPORT\n#\nLANG\nApt\n:\n(\nDATE\n)\nIF\nNEW\nADDRESS\nPASSENGER\nSTATE\nZIP\nCODE\nWA\n980282171\nHEIGHT\nWEIGHT\nEYES\n6'08\n\"\n220\nBRO\nWORK\nPHONE\nNO\nINTERPRETER\nNEEDED\nDID\nTHEN\nAND\nTHERE\nCOMMIT\nEACH\nOF\nTHE\nFOLLOWING\nOFFENSES\nIN\nA\n35\nZONE\nSMD\nPACE\nSTYLE\nYES\n16+\nNO\nBUS\nNO\nTOTAL\nPENALTY\n&\nDATE\nISSUED\n02-09-23\nYES\nHAZMAT\nYES\nNO\nAIRCRAFT\nPENALTY\n$\nPENALTY\n$\nNO\nCOLOR\nBLU\nPENALTY\n$\nHAIR\nPENALTY\n$\nPENALTY\n$\n217.00\n217.00\nTICKET\nREFERRED\nTO\nPRO\nECUTOR\nE4\nC\nKLIN\n70\n08"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "b3f7be69742c4d798736d41f24f7e3f3", "conversation_index": 21939, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1229, "prompt": "Holdings Data: 'Security Description, Trade Date, Quantity, Unit Cost, NAME_1, Total Cost, Market Value, Unrealized Gain/(Loss), Est Ann Income, Current Yield %|3M COMPANY (MMM), 9/21/20, 48.000, $160.833, $166.020, $7719.97, $7968.96, $248.99 LT, , |, 10/9/20, 162.000, 169.445, 166.020, 27450.17, 26895.24, (554.93) LT, , |Next Dividend Payable 03/2022; Asset Class: Equities, Total, 210.000, , , 35170.14, 34864.20, (305.94) LT, 1243.00, 3.57|ABBVIE INC COM (ABBV), 11/26/19, 300.000, 87.852, 136.890, 26355.45, 41067.00, 14711.55 LT, , |, 1/30/20, 100.000, 81.450, 136.890, 8144.99, 13689.00, 5544.01 LT, , |Next Dividend Payable 02/15/22; Asset Class: Equities, Total, 400.000, , , 34500.44, 54756.00, 20255.56 LT, 2256.00, 4.12|ALPHABET INC CL A (GOOGL) Asset Class: Equities, 1/27/17, 14.000, 859.340, 2706.070, 12030.76, 37884.98, 25854.22 LT, , |AMAZON COM INC (AMZN) Asset Class: Equities, 3/16/20, 13.000, 1734.282, 2991.470, 22545.66, 38889.11, 16343.45 LT, , |AMERICAN EXPRESS CO (AXP) Next Dividend Payable 02/10/22; Asset Class: Equities, 7/19/19, 100.000, 125.467, 179.820, 12546.72, 17982.00, 5435.28 LT, 172.00, 0.96|APPLE INC (AAPL), 4/29/14, 280.000, 21.160, 174.780, 5924.70, 48938.40, 43013.70 LT, , |, 5/15/14, 280.000, 21.131, 174.780, 5916.60, 48938.40, 43021.80 LT, , |, 5/21/14, 280.000, 21.564, 174.780, 6037.80, 48938.40, 42900.60 LT, , |, 6/18/14, 200.000, 23.000, 174.780, 4600.00, 34956.00, 30356.00 LT, , |, 1/30/19, 160.000, 41.343, 174.780, 6614.94, 27964.80, 21349.86 LT, , |Next Dividend Payable 02/2022; Asset Class: Equities, Total, 1200.000, , , 29094.04, 209736.00, 180641.96 LT, 1056.00, 0.50|BANK OF AMERICA CORP (BAC), 10/9/20, 110.000, 25.363, 46.140, 2789.90, 5075.40, 2285.50 LT, , |, 12/21/20, 469.000, 29.382, 46.140, 13780.11, 21639.66, 7859.55 LT, , |Next Dividend Payable 03/2022; Asset Class: Equities, Total, 579.000, , , 16570.01, 26715.06, 10145.05 LT, 486.00, 1.82|COCA COLA CO (KO) Next Dividend Payable 03/2022; Asset Class: Equities, 7/30/20, 313.000, 48.070, 61.010, 15045.91, 19096.13, 4050.22 LT, 526.00, 2.75|CVS HEALTH CORP COM (CVS) Next Dividend Payable 02/01/22; Asset Class: Equities, 12/3/20, 500.000, 71.901, 106.510, 35950.55, 53255.00, 17304.45 LT, 1100.00, 2.07|HOME DEPOT INC (HD) Next Dividend Payable 03/2022; Asset Class: Equities, 11/26/19, 100.000, 220.358, 366.980, 22035.80, 36698.00, 14662.20 LT, 660.00, 1.80'\\n\\nRetrieve ONLY the following five pieces of information for each holding from the given holdings data: the company name, its symbol or CUSIP, the quantity, the"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "8ec828a1449564ee455c86e6ea2fae25d3d4d4e37bbdff40", "conversation_index": 2011, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 55503, "prompt": "Trademark and Unfair Competition LawProfessor Beebe – Spring 2012I. Introduction: Foundation of Trademark and Unfair Competition LawA. Theoretical Perspectives: TM serves to (1) IDENTIFY and (2) DISTINGUISH/DISTINCTION of SOURCEThemesConsumer protectionMovement towards owner-protection Avoiding implementation of international agreements Circuit splits/SCOTUS confusion Territorial nature of US trademark rights Move from designation of factory/artisan to brand recognition Significance of TrademarksEconomic Significance of BrandsConsumer drives economy v. agrarian society of trade / industrial production  Brands are not about the product, but about the quality and reputation of the brandProducts have 3 Characteristics:Search: e.g., color, price  inspected prior to purchaseExperience: e.g., taste  verified through use of productCredence: e.g., durability  confirmed over timeInformation Economy: De-materialization of the economy  intangible, intellectual value, and value in meaningCultural Significance of BrandsSell products based on whether it enhances the image  Nike selling lifestyle and image, not just sneakersStatus Goods: signaling status/identity  “Veblen” goods (Rolex, NYU)Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo (DC Cir. – 2009): Washington Redskins; told PTO it was racialized/scandalous  turned on latches, can be brought againMattel + Barbie: M argued against using “Barbie” in book title  confusion of association possible Parody – Smith v. Wal-Mart (ND Ga. 2008): Wal-ocaust; Wal-Qaeda (20% confused)  First Amendment ConcernsPolitical Significance of BrandIP in TM doesn’t fit quite as nicely into political party preferences as other IP like copyright (supported by Dems) Gorgeous Irreverence to US Brands: China  KFG/KFC; Blockberry/BlackberryPurposes of Trademark LawPublic Protection  Consumer buys a product and knows it is what they are looking forInformation Asymmetry: Sellers have better information about products / services offered than buyers can uncover w/o buying the product Integrity of Market – AkerloffMark Owner’s Protection  Investment of time, money, and energy presenting mark to public; goodwill built with consumersIP = reward + incentive\tLocke: property = person + labour of body + work of handsEurope: personhood, moral rights approachHistorical Periods of Trademark Scholarship1870 – 1915 – Property Rights: TMs are corporate property and should be protected as such1915 – 1930s – Protect Consumers from TM: TMs persuade people to buy things they don’t need; DOJ hostile to expand TM protection on federal law; part of Lanham delay1980s – Protect Consumers WITH TMs: TMs help by minimizing search costs and ensuring consistent quality levels  Scandia Down Corp. v. Euroqulit (7th Cir. 1985 , Easterbrook)Anonymous Source Theory: no longer identify particular factor or geographic location  product with same ID would have same quality2000 – TMs as Products Themselves: Product an afterthoughtIP Economy Changes due to: (1) internet, (2) WTO, (3) EU, and (4) Rise of ChinaDe Beers branding diamonds to continue scarcity despite ability to mass produce diamondsB. Early CasesThe Trade-Mark Cases (1879): 1st TM case to reach SCOTUSStatute at Issue: Act of 1870“An Act to revise, consolidate, and amend the statutes relating to patents and copyrights.”“An Act to punish the counterfeiting of TM goods, and the sale or dealing in, of counterfeit TM goods”Holding: Court STRUCK DOWN Act as beyond Congress’s powerTAKEAWAY: The Constitutional authorization for federal TM law COMES LATER through Commerce Clause and 3 Constitutional Clauses 1.8.8: “The Congress shall have Power… to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited time… the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.”1.8.3: “The Congress shall have Power… to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.”1.8.18: “The Congress shall have Power… to make all Laws which shall be N&P.”Hanover Star Milling Co. v. Metcalf (SCOTUS 1916)TAKEAWAY: This is the first case to point out that TMs are meant to protect GOODWILL by allowing consumers to know what they are buyingMishawaka Rubber & Woolen Mfg. Co. v. S.S. Kresge Co. (SCOTUS 1942)TAKEAWAY: TMs are “merchandising short-cuts” through which a symbol induces a purchaser to select what he wants; the law protects TMs bc it recognizes the power of symbolsYale Electric Corp. v. Robertson (2d Cir 1928)TAKEAWAY: A TM is the owner’s seal through which the owner’s goods are vouched for; one may not divert customers from another by representing what he sells as coming from another sellerPrestonettes, Inc. v. Coty (SCOTUS 1924)TAKEAWAY: TMs only confer the rights to prohibit its use by another in order to protect the mark’s owner’s good will against the sale of another’s products as his/hersC. Statutory SourcesThe Lanham Act – USC Title 15, Chapter 22BackgroundPassed in 1946: extended federal protection to marks used in commerce, which meant the Act fell under Congress’s power1988: Lanham Act revised1995: Congress added §43©, codifying DILUTIONDistinction between Trademarks and Trade DressTrademark: refers to word marks or 2-dimensional image marks; perhaps can extend to sound, fragrance, etc.Trade Dress: product packaging or configuration, often 3-D in natureProduct Packaging: may be inherently distinctiveE.g., box  TM protection, packaging may be torn off and thrown awayProduct Configuration: must always show secondary meaningE.g., shape  TM protection because distinctive of sourceNot functional in a way that offends TM lawImportant Lanham Act Sections§1: Bases for registration§1(a)  ACTUAL USE§1(b)  INTENT TO USE§2: The subject matter of the Lanham Act  what can be registered as TM, unless:§2(a)  immoral, deceptive, scandalous matter§2(b)  flag, coat of arms, insignia of US or other State/municipality§2(c)  portrait of former POTUS without consent of widow during her life§2(d)  will cause confusion with mark already registered at PTO or in use§2(e)  unless mark consists of mark; merely descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive§2(e)(1): will not register because merely descriptive; no source denotative information; descriptive of product only§2(e)(3): geographically misdescriptive (e.g., “Russian” Vodka)§2(e)(4): surname§2(e)(5): functionality§2(f)  Statutory basis for idea that mark is merely descriptive may nevertheless receive protection if secondary meaning as orign of sourceRedeems certain marks otherwise excludable by §2(e)Does NOT redeem functional or intentionally misdescriptive marks§3-4: Service and collective/certification marks§8: Duration§15: A mess concerning incontestability of a mark§32: Remedies, infringement, and “innocent infringement”§43(a): Very broadly allowing protections to unregistered marksTrade Dress: design and packaging of materials, and even design / shape of product itself, if packaging or product configuration serve same source-identifying function as TMs§45: DefinitionsService Mark: like TM, but identifying services of one person, including a unique service, from the services of others and to indicate source of services, e.g., character names, distinctive features of radio and TV shows Trade Names: cannot be registered under Lanham Act unless they actually function to identify the source of particular goods or services, rather than merely identifying a companyGenerally registrable in state offices and state / federal common law may provide protection against confusingly similar company namesCertification Marks: used by trade associations or commercial groups to identify a particular type of good  may not be limited to single producer; must be open to anyone who meets standards set for certificationLevy v. Kosher Overseers Assoc. of America (SDNY 11995/ 2d Cir 1997): plaintiff sued another for infringing well-known kosher cert. markCollective Marks: used by members of a cooperative, association or collective group or organization, or such with bona fide intention to use the markAloe Crème Labs v. American Society Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (TTAB 1976): denying opposition to registration of collective markAttached to goods/services: useful to franchising, related agreements  treated the same as ordinary TMsEU Trademark Directive Articles 2 & 3(1)(a)-(d)Defines TM differently than Lanham Act  must be represented GRAHICALLYA directive is BINDING, as to the result to be achieved upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of forms and methodsIt is NOT directly and entirely applicable like a regulationRecommendation and opinions shall have no binding forceTRIPS Article 15(1)Different than Directive and Lanham  allows for anything ‘visually perceptible’While US allows for smells, tastes, and soundsLouis Vuitton v. Warner Brothers (Hangover II) (SDNY 2011): LVM luggage in airport scene  knock off and no permission Tarnishment & Dilution v. Parody / Satire Fair UseChrstian Louboutin v. Yves Saint Laurent (SDNY 2011):Red soles registered in PTO; YSL released all red shoe with red solesConsiderations: Identifies the origin?Confusion?Point of saleInitial InterestPost-sale confusionN.B.  everything in TM law turns on court’s perception / consumer’s perception on the signifier of source  TMs distinguish & ID sourceRed soles are distinctiveRed soles are aesthetically functional because they make the shoe pop TAKEAWAY: Marks MUST (1) be distinctive of source; and (2) NOT be functionalEssential Question: would competitors be at a significant non-reputation-related disadvantage if Louboutin was allowed to assert exclusive rights (Qualitex)II. Establishment of Trademark RightsA. What can be Protected as a Trademark?Elements of a trademarkTrademark must be (1) Distinctive and (2) non-functional to be protected Distinctiveness: (A) Inherent (Abercrombie/Seabrook) or (B) Acquired (Zatarains)The MAIN function of a mark is to be distinctive of source; no protection if it will not be protectedNon-functional: Non-reputation related competitive advantage/ Essential to use/purpose or Increased cost or qualityLanham Act can be read broadly  human beings might use as a ‘symbol’ or ‘device’ almost anything capable of carrying meaning Shape (Coca-Cola bottle)Sound (NBC’s 3-chimes; Tarzan yell) (but not Harley Davidson because functional)Scent (plumeria blossoms on sewing thread)Color (green-gold Qualitex) + secondary meaning as brand ID of sourceTouch/Sensory: (velvety touch on wine bottle)But, functionality argument that touch can help you grip the bottle - especially if utilitarian aspects advertised as being helpful.NOT Taste: don’t get to taste until you’ve purchased, so hard to be a source identifier; could also be functional and seems more suited for patent / trade secret Must not be functional (would be grant of monopoly unlike patent that expires): essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the article putting competitors at significant non-reputation-related disadvantage (Inwood Labs) Kellogg: pillow-shaped wheat biscuit post-patent)Europe: requires visual depiction (some national TM offices may register smell, just not ECJ level)Ralf Sieckmann v. Deutches Patent: ECJ approved smell markQualitex Co. v. Jacobson (1995): Qualitex sought TM registration for color of green-gold dry cleaning pads in 1991 - use since 1950s; Jacobson (rival) began to sell it too in 1989Holding: no special legal rule prevents color alone from serving as TMConsiderations: color scarcity?  Aesthetic value may be function (RST 3d)In re Organon (TTAB 2006): affirms PTO examining attorney’s refusal to register ‘an orange flavor’ as TM for quick-dissolving antidepressantsNot distinctive of source = failure to function as mark + Functional purpose Taste cannot be tasted in advanceIn re Clark (TTAB): high-impact plumeria scent in embroidery thread; only person to produce thread with scent; claims inherently distinctive + secondary meaning  wants TM particular scent and leave others free to use other scents; PTO says scents are inherently unregistrable when arbitrary and non-utilitarianTTAB Holding: Scented fragrance DOES function as TM for thread and embroidery yarn  (1) emphasized scent in ads; (2) prima facie case of distinctivenessFocused on acquired distinctiveness and not inherent distinctivenessTAKEAWAY: There is NO ontological bar (Qualitex), so something need only distinguish source and be non-functional (which it is here)Note: Very few marks ACTUALLY registered on Clark groundsTMEP §§ 1202.13-1202.15ScentPerfume and air freshener  functional, utilitarian purposeMay be registered under §2(f)  can NEVER be inherently distinctiveSubstantial evidence required to establish that the scent functions as a markFlavorNEVER inherently distinctive  would require SUBSTANTIAL showing of acquired distinctivenessBoard has observed that it is unclear how flavor can function as source indicator because flavor or taste generally performs a utilitarian function  consumers have no access to product’s flavor prior to taste to purchaseHologramMust show that it’s being used as a mark and is perceived as mark; 2+ views  should be denied on grounds that seeking to register more than 1 markSoundMust create in hearer’s mind an association with goods / servicesMust be unique, different or distinctive sound, not commonplace sound that listeners are accustomed toSound marks for goods that make a sound in normal course of their operation must show secondary meaningB. DistinctivenessSpectrum of Distinctiveness - OverviewInherently Distinctive: immediately capable of identifying a unique product source, rights to mark determined solely by priority of useArbitraryFancifulSuggestive MarksSecondary Meaning: buyers need not know identity of source, only that product or service comes from a single sourceDescriptiveSecondary functions as the TM “fair use” doctrine; fact-specific, relies on reactions of consumers to the mark, tested with surveysGeographicBalance merchant’s interest in accurately describing location against interest of senior users and consumer  junior user must confine / adapt geographical usage to avoid likelihood of confusionPersonal NameMay require junior user to issue negative disclaimer; See, Basile (DC Cir. 1990); Gucci (SDNY 1988)Abercrombie & Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc. (2d Cir 1976): Π + ∆ both have clothing lines with label “Safari,” Π sues for infringementHolding: Term “Safari” as related to clothing is GENERIC and as related to boots is MERELY DESCRIPTIVE  Complaint DismissedRegistration: Registration creates a PRESUMPTION OF VALIDITYArbitrary, Fanciful, and suggestive marks CAN be registeredDescriptive marks CAN be registered upon a showing of “secondary meaning” (acquired distinctiveness)CIRCUIT APPLICATION: Abercrombie Spectrum is used by ALL circuitsBut less influential when it comes to scopeNOTES:Advantages of inherent distinctivenessEasier registration (no need to show secondary meaning)Scope (infringement side): strength is af actor in analysisAlways analyze in terms of consumer thoughtsImportance is more between inherent/acquired or not, rather than within eachInherent v. Acquired Distinctiveness – Restatement 3d of Unfair Competition: A mark is inherently distinctive because of nature of designation and the context, prospective purchasers are likely to see it as a designation that identifies goods or services produced or sponsored by a particular person, even if source is unknownA mark that has acquired distinctiveness has become distinctive thru use because purchases have come to perceive it as a designation that IDs goods/servicesTMEP §1209.03 – Determining if Mark is Descriptive (rather than suggestive/arbitrary)1209.03(a) – Third-Party Registrations: each case must stand on own merits, not conclusive1209.03(b) – No Dictionary Listing: term has well understood/recognized meaningIn re Orleans Wines (TTAB 1977): “Breadspred” merely descriptive of jellies + jams1209.03(c) – First or Only User: does not justify registration if term is merely descriptive even if first/only user1209.03(d) – Combined Terms: two descriptive terms combined; ask whether combination of terms evokes new/unique commercial impression or if it itself is descriptiveIn re Oppendahl (Fed Cir 2004): “Patents.com” merely descriptive of computer software for managing database of records/tracking records on Internet1209.03(e) – More than One Meaning: descriptiveness must be determined in relation to goods/services for which registration is soughtE.g., In re Chopper Industries1209.03(f) – Picture or Illustration: not if merely illustration of goods or article important feature / characteristic of goods/services1209.03(g) – Foreign Equivalents/Dead or Obscure Languages: foreign equivalent of merely descriptive English word no more registrable than English word itself; dead languages on case-by-case basis if translation doesn’t make sense since non-identifiable1209.03(h) – Incongruity: arbitrary/incongruous combination of English + foreign language registrableE.g., In re Johanna Farms (TTAB 1988): La Yogurt for yogurt1209.03(i) – Intended Users: merely descriptive if just IDs group for whom intendedE.g., In re Planatlytics (TTAB 2004): GASBUYER merely descriptive for gas buyers1209.03(j) – Phonetic Equivalent: merely descriptive if just slight misspelling1209.03(k) – Laudatory Terms: merely descriptive if just attribute quality/excellence1209.03(l) – Telephone Numbers: number + word = rejected under §2(e)(1)1209.03(m) – Domain Names: must function as ID of source of goods/services1209.03(n) – America / American: if in phrase/slogan, look if merely descriptive as laudatory or incapable1209.03(o) – National / International: merely descriptive of services1209.03(p) – Function / Purpose: merely descriptive §2(e)(1)Strange MarksSurnames: Mostly arbitrary, but require a showing of secondary meaning (Lanham §2(f) / TMEP §1211)TTAB TestWhether surname is rareWhether term is surname of anyone connected with applicantWhether term has recognized meaning other than surnameWhether it has the ‘look and feel’ of surnameWhether stylization of lettering is distinctive enough to create separate commercial impressionBut see, Peacable Planet v. TY (7th Cir. 2004): treating the personal name rule as a prohibition against ever using a personal name as a TM absent secondary meaning would lead to ABSURD results; good reason to press rule to logical limitsForeign Words – Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents: if easily recognizable foreign terms, translate to English equivalent and then analyze THAT translation under Abercrombie (TMEP §1207(b)(vi))E.g., In re Optical Int’l (1977): “Optique” is merely descriptiveE.g., Oriental Daily News (1986): Conclusion that Chinese characters SHOULD be translated to English because sufficient number of Mandarin speakers (BB – stretch)E.g., In re Tokutake Ind. (2008): Japanese characters translated  outer boundsAcronyms: Generally, acronym or initialism CANNOT be considered descriptive unless the wording it stands for is merely descriptive of goods/service, AND acronym/initialism is readily understood by relevant purchasers to be ‘substantially synonymous’ with merely descriptive wording it represents\tE.g., Intel Corp v. Radiation (TTAB 1984): ROM is generic because conveys same meaning to listener as “read-only memory”NotesiPhone: PTO decided it had secondary meaning even before it was used because of family of marks  family of marks so strong that it had instant secondary meaningAdvantage of Suggestive/Arbitrary/FancifulDon’t have burden of showing secondary meaning; stronger mark for likelihood of confusion (LOC) testSome judges say descriptive marks can’t receive dilution protection regardless of how famous  2d Cir. 1995, but unclear if this happened in 2006 lawMay see what section TM is registered under with PTO, e.g., 2(f) = descriptive + 2nd meaningC. Descriptiveness + Secondary Meaning – DetailedRalston Purina Co. v. Thomas J. Lipton, Inc . (SDNY 1972): To establish secondary meaning, it must be shown that the primary significance of the term in the minds of the consuming public is not the product but the producer May be an anonymous producer  consumers often buy goods without knowing the personal ID or actual name of the manufacturer (AJ Canfield v. Honickman (3d Cir. 1986))Three Basic Types of Evidence may be used to establish Acquired Distinctiveness under §2(f):A claim of ownership of one or more prior registrations on the Principal Register of the same mark for goods or services that are the same as or related to those named in the pending applicationA statement verified by the applicant that the mark has become distinctive of the applicant's goods or services by reason of substantially exclusive and continuous use in commerce by the applicant for the five years before the date when the claim of distinctiveness is made Actual evidence of acquired distinctivenessZatarains, Inc. v. Oak Grove Smokehouse, Inc. (5th Cir. 1983): Secondary Meaning FactorsFacts: Π sold prouct under name “Fish Fri” and claimed infringement against competitors who used term “Fish Fry” to describe their productHolding: “Fish Fri” is DESCRIPTIVE, but it HAS developed SECONDARY MEANINGBut! “Chick Fri” is merely descriptiveTAKEAWAY: Most important – Factors for Finding Secondary Meaning (TMEP §1212.06)FIRST, how a court determines whether Descriptive or Suggestive/Arbitrary: whenever word/phrase conveys an immediate idea of qualities, characteristics, effect, purpose or ingredients of a product or service  descriptiveDictionary Definition: in English language if debatedImagination Test: does the term ‘require imagination, thought, and perception?’ E.g., suggestive term requires consumer to imagine conclusion as to the nature of the goods/servicesCompetitive Need: would competitors find term useful to describe their similar products?Third-Party Uses: an in-practice examination of competitive needSECOND, if descriptive, how to decide whether it has SECONDARY MEANING, factors:Amount and Manner of Advertising: how much they have been exposed can influenceVolume of SaleLength and Manner of Use: longer time, exclusive use, volume of sales, media useSurvey Evidence: may strike against, but if not can be the ‘most direct and persuasive way of establishing’ Additional Restatement Factors:Testimony from individual consumersProof of actual consumer confusionPhysical manner in which usedIntentional copyingNOTES on the FactorsUnknown how much each factor weighs comparatively, other than surveysRead “Fri” as “Fry”  about consumer perception, same rationale as foreign equivalents; see also, 1209.03(j) – phonetic with slight misspellingIn re Oppedahl & Larson, LLP (Fed. Cir. 2004): Anti-dissection ruleFacts: Efforts to register ‘patents.com’ as trademarkHolding: Whole is actually MORE descriptive than separate  no protectionTAKEAWAY: Anti-dissection Rule  can’t chop a mark into pieces, must analyze it as a whole; combination of two will not make it non-descriptive (TMEP §1209.3(d)):TLDs (.com, .net, .org, etc.)  don’t hold meaningCompare to Corp., Co., Inc., and similar designations  TLDs give more information (type of association with internet)But!  BB says ridiculous to think .com has no ID significance; e.g., “Half.com” never identified as “Half”Patents alone  descriptiveAs a whole  even more descriptive as the sum of its partsAdray v. Adray-Mart (9th Cir. 1996): geographic issues related to secondary meaning; rival operators of electronics stores in Southern Cal., Adry-Mart was expanding from LA to Adray’s turf in Orange County  no national secondary meaning, no bad faith; overlap of sales/ads in areas, so likely neither had secondary meaning C.f., Fuddruckers, Inc. v. Doc’s BR Others (9th Cir. 1987): ∆s (Doc’s) negotiated with Fuddruckers franchise, but fell through  Fuddruckers announces expansion to AZ, Doc’s opened restaurant with same trade dress  trade dress not inherently distinctive, so Π required to how secondary meaning, but didn’t have to show it in AZ because nationwideSecond Circuit – “NY Rule”: Π doesn’t have to prove secondary meaning if intentional deception/ copying can be demonstratedD. Generic TermsNever registrable + Can’t be saved with Secondary Meaning: not distinctive of sourceGeneric term indicates what type or category a product belongs to, rather than indicating the producer or other source of product  “tells buyer what is, not where it come from” (McCarthy Treatise 1992/1996)Product Configuration and Trade Dress may also be generic (though most often word marks)  grape leaves on wine bottle are generic (Kendall-Jackson Winery)Primary Significance Test in Filipino Yellow Pages (below)Birth + DeathBorn Generic (refused PTO registration)  Never becomes distinctiveRudolph Int’l v. Realys (9th Cir. 2007): rejected ‘disinfectable’ for nail filesBorn Distinctive  “Genericide” becomes generic with useDonald Duncan, Inc. v. Royal Tops, Mfg.: “yo-yo” generic in minds of public, and Π itself did much to educate the public in this respectBut!! May be saved from becoming generic or return from the deadE.g., Singer was used as generic for sewing machines, but saved; Firestone for rubber, and Thermos (maybe)Tension: be powerful, but not so powerful that you become generic!Resisting GenericideAdvisable to use TM along with generic description of goods to preserve the TMDilution cases may be used to prevent TMs from becoming genericPressure on dictionary publishersAdvertisingPolicing: cease/desist letters; statements of usageAt Risk of Genericide“App Store” – Apple fighting Amazon  sought preliminary injunctionBut, Steve Jobs quoted using “AppStore” generically“Google” – Google is fighting the verb of web searching  permissions page“Botox” – just not “Botox” without the ®“Xerox” – “there are two R’s in Xerox”“Windows” – Windows v. Lindows: case settled, but Windows paid $20M for Lynix OS to stop using Lindows logo for shell softwareAlternative Theories to ConsiderSecond Circuit  suggested that even generic marks are entitled to protection against some forms of unfair competitionGenesee Brewing v. Stroh Brewing (2d Cir. 1997): Π’s “Honey Brown Ale” mark is generic, but ∆ may be liable if it idd not use “every reasonable means to prevent confusion”Stephen Carter: desirability of “just compensation” being paid for a “taking” when court declares TM generic because destroys right built up in considerable investment  private property expropriated by publicRochelle Dreyfuss: questions whether TM doctrine has kept-up with developments in pop culture  extend traditional concepts of genericness to encompass realm of expressive (as opposed to commercial / “competitive”) uses of TMsTMs serve more expressive role in addition to original function of IDing source for commercial product  used as taglines in conversation without attempt to ID source; e.g., Barbie, cultural saturationCyberspace: generic term + suffix (.com)  domain names can begin with descriptive terms and build source ID and goodwill overtimeNetwork Externalities: users benefit from fact that others use the network  success of the TM results from collective labor of users, not just creatorFilipino Yellow Pages v. Asian Journal Publications (9th Cir. 1999):Facts: FYP charged infringement against AJP for “Filipino Consumer Yellow Pages” to describe their directoryHolding: Because mark was not registered, burden on Π to DISPROVE genericness, which it did not  Complaint dismissedTAKEAWAY: Generic  PRIMARY SIGNIFICANCE TESTWho are you v. What are you TestIdea: How the term is understood by the consuming public  “if the primary significance of the TM is to describe the TYPE OF PRODUCT rather than the PRODUCER, the TM is generic”Factors for Test: Use by Π as generic termsUnchallenged Third-Party Generic uses (even in different region)Unchallenged generic uses by the Media (try cease/desist letter)TAKEAWAY 2: Burdens of ProofIf NOT registered, BOP falls on Π to DISPROVE genericnessIf REGISTERED, BOP on ∆ to show genericEvidence of genericness is ick compared to Mil-Mar, but BOP decidesTAKEAWAY 3: Anti-Dissection Rule AdvancedSurgiCenters case REJECTED  combination of 2 generic terms is not automatically generic and should be analyzed as a whole (“holistic approach”) (D. Ct. misapplied)SurgiCenters: deviation from normal uses in generic + generic phrase or unusual, unitary combination may trigger finding of not genericBB: Court breaks anti-dissection rule ALL THE TIME  not very strongMil-Mar Shoe Co. v. Shonac Corp. (7th Cir. 1996)Facts: Π “Warehouse Shoes” sued for PI against ∆ “DSW Shoe Warehouse” claiming infringement on term ‘warehouse’ – said it was descriptive + secondary meaningHolding: In retail context, term “warehouse” is GENERICTAKEAWAY: Another application of PRIMARY SIGNIFICANCE TestGeneric if primary significance of the term is to describe the TYPE OF PRODUCT rather than the particular producerSignificant use by competitors denotes mere descriptivenessNot being a primary definition in dictionary does not imply secondary meaning (e.g., “Light” v. “Lite” are generic for beer)Look to common usage of term, not whether it’s the most common use of the termMurphy Door Bed v. Interior Sleep Systems (2d Cir. 1989):Facts: Murphy originated term “Murphy bed” for a pivot bed, others called it disappearing/ concealed/wall beds.  PTO denied registration in 1981 because became generic; defendants entered into agreement with Murphy Co. to be exclusive distributor in FL and stop using term generically; after PTO decision, ∆s formed corp. with term in name  suedHolding: “Murphy bed” is generic term, having been appropriated by the public to designate generally a type of bed  ∆s couldn’t infringe on Π’s TM When public is said to have expropriated a term established by developer, burden is on ∆ to prove genericnessGenerally, burden on Π to show unregistered mark is not genericLearned Hand: aspirin generic because so adopted by public as to become genericTAKEAWAY - Factors:PTO/TTAB afforded great wightDictionaries have “Murphy bed” defined  reflect general public’s perceptionNewspapers/magazine usagePolicing of Mark  convinced lower court to side with Π, but not CircuitPilates, Inc. v. Current Concepts, Inc. (SDNY 2000): How a court decides GENERIC v. DESCRIPTIVE?Holding: Pilates is undoubtedly genericTAKEAWAY: Gives factors for when generic v. descriptiveDictionary definitionsGeneric use by competitorsΠ’s own generic useGeneric use by mediaConsumer surveys, forms:Thermos Survey: asks respondent how s/he would ask for the product at issue  if respendents generally use the brand name (“Thermos”) rather than product category name (“Vacuum Bottle”), survey evidence brand name has become genericTeflon Survey: Gives short course in generic v. descriptive  survey runs participant thorugh a number of terms asking whether they are common names or brands (a little more authority than Thermos because can see if the rest make sense)Competitor need for term (not mentioned in case!)Kellogg v. Nat’l Biscuit (1938, Brandeis): elements of functionality and descriptiveness / secondary meaning; “shredded wheat” must show primary significance in consuming public  failed, so only right to have ∆ take reasonable care to inform the public of source of its productSUMMARY OF CHOOSING WHICH ABERCROMBIE SPOT YOU ARE ATPilates + Zatarains: Generic?-Descriptive?-Suggestive?Pilates: When is something GENERIC v. DESCRIPTIVE?Dictionary definitionsGeneric use by competitorsΠ’s own generic use Generic use in mediaConsumer surveysZatarains: When is something DESCRIPTIVE v. SUGGESTIVE/ARBITRARYDictionary DefinitionImagination TestCompetitive NeedThird-Party UsesE. Distinctiveness of Nonverbal Identifiers: Logos, Packages, Product Design, & ColorsMain Question  Can we analyze graphic marks under the Abercrombie spectrum, or do we need some other standard?Different Tests; Different Standards?Star Indus., Inc. v. Baccardi & Co. (2d Cir. 2005)Facts: PTO denied registration of “Georgi O” then Star tried to register just stylized “O”  protectable, but no LOC with BacardiStar relies on inherent distinctiveness Holding: O-Design satisfied inherently-distinctive analysis; however, protection mark is THIN and therefore limited protectionTAKEAWAY: Stylized shapes or letters may qualify as marks if the design is unique or unusualSeabrook Foods v. Bar-Well (1977): Seabrook factors as an ALTERNATIVE to Abercrombie spectrum (Inherently Distinctive)!Facts: Vine/leaf design with “Seabrook” and “Arctic Gardens” insideHolding: Seabrook Farms logo IS distinctiveTAKEAWAY: Established factors for INHERENTLY DISTINCTIVE graphic marks!  (compared to Abercrombie categories for non-graphic marks!)Whether design is a “common” basic shape or designUnique or unusual in a particular fieldMere refinement of a commonly adopted and well-known form of ornamentation for the goodsCapable of creating a commercial impression distinct from the accompanying wordsUsed only for product packaging (Wal-Mart v. Samara Bros. – design/configuration can never be inherently distinctive)Note: can receive protection for a font, even if a generic term – exclusive right to use generic term in a particular fontSecond Circuit  Insists that they use Abercrombie test for image and designs, BUT! Seabrook Factors keep slipping inNot explicitly used by 2nd Circuit, but they will consider them and then come to conclusion that the trade dress fits somewhere on the Abercrombie SpectrumFun-Damental Too, Ltd. V. Gemmy Industries Corp. (2d Cir. 1997): “We see no reason to abandon Abercrombie distinctiveness spectrum in this case.”Nora Beverages, Inc. v. Perrier Group of America, Inc. (2d Cir. 1998): Applying word-mark spectrum to packaging trade dressBut, compare: Landscape Forms, Inc. v. Columbia Cascade (2d Cir. 1997): “We are not so confident [as the Fun-Damental court] that the Abercrombie analysis is more naturally fit for direct application to product packaging case than configuration cases.” Amazing Spaces v. Metro Mini Storage (2d Cir. 2010): Π alleged infringement of a star design that Π claimed as a service mark   SJ for ∆ aff’d in part where:Many similar/identical 5-pointed stars, raised and set in circles   no reasonable jury could find that the star symbol was even a mere refinement of this commonly adopted and well-known form of ornamentation; and Π failed to raise a fact issue of secondary meaning wrt the symbol  judgment is rev’d in part so Π can introduce trade dress claims evidenceThree Supreme Court Cases Describing Product ConfigurationExpanding the Types of Nonverbal MarksTwo Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc. (SCOTUS 1992)Facts: Taco Cabana adopted a unique trade dress for restaurants and charged infringement against Two PesosTAKEAWAY: Trade dress CAN be inherently distinctive without secondary meaning“An identifying mark is distinctive and capable of protection if either (1) is inherently distinctive or (2) has acquired distinctiveness through secondary meaning.”Even when mark is unregisteredDoes NOT limit it to product packaging/design distinctionTrademark and Trade Dress serve same purpose  Same Analysis with Abercrombie spectrum, may have inherent distinctiveness in trade dressPullback: Later pulled-back by Samara  case went too far; doesn’t make sense with old ideas where primary meaning of TD is decoration + secondary meaning is to point to the sourceDo the Hustle v. Rogovich (SDNY 2003): decade-themed bar, Π wants to define as broadly as possible, ∆ as narrowly as possible  Evaluates under Abercrombie and finds no good evidence of inherent distinctiveness and not enough use to develop secondary meaningRationales:Policy  Court worried about protection of small businessINCENTIVE: “Adding a secondary meaning requirement could have anticompetitive effects.”  requiring secondary meaning might be anticompetitive allowing competition to appropriate originator’s dress in other markets and deter originator from expandingMORAL: protect against intentional copyingPUBLICITY RIGHTS (Posner): existence of congestion externality provides argument that rights of publicity should be perpetual and inheritable  form of information/expression less valuable in public domainDoctrinal  Court notes expansiveness of subject matter included in §43(a) protectionJustice Stevens notes how §43(a) has morphed over the years  not objection, but wants to point it out“There is no persuasive reason to apply to trade dress a general requirement of secondary meaning which is at odds with the principles generally applicable to infringement suits under §43(a).”Aftermath  Toys Mfrs. Of America . Helmsley-Spear (SDNY1997): holding Π’s “unique” registration process, forms, and location of toy fair (taken together) constituted protectable trade dress which the ∆s had infringedQualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Inc. (SCOTUS 1995)Facts: Green-gold dry cleaning padsHolding: Not inherently distinctive, but did show secondary meaningTAKEAWAY: Ontological things (color, shape, fragrance, sign) CAN be protectable, but MUST show secondary meaning because they are never inherently distinctiveAn allowance, but a pullbackAllow: protection for ontological things generallyPullback: cannot go as far as inherent distinctivenss  must show secondary meaning for colors, etc.!DO NOT do inherently distinctive test for this!! (from Seabrook / Abercrombie)Rather  DO apply secondary meaning factors from Yankee/ ZatarainsRationale (Similar to Two Pesos): Lanham §45 defined what can be used as a mark very broadly, so color includedRationale for limiting: color may be a form of functionality; high bar for things like color that can be functional!TMEP §1202.05 – Color As Mark:Color marks are never inherently distinctive, and can’t be registered without showing of acquired distinctiveness under §2(f) (Samara Bros.)Color can function as a mark if it is used in manner of TM / service mark and if it is perceived by the purchasing public to ID / distinguish goods or servies on or in connection with which it is used and to indicate their sourceFunctional color marks are not registrable, e.g., yellow or orange for safety signs, black to make something look smaller, colors needed for color coding, even something like color coral for earplugs functional because visible during safety checksMay be functional if (1) cheaper to make; (2) aesthetic functionality if evidence indicates color at issue provides specific competitive advantages that, while not necessarily categories as purely ‘utiltitarian’ in nature, nevertheless dictate what color remains in public domainThe Design/Packaging DistinctionWal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros., Inc. (SCOTUS 2000)Issue: What must be shown to establish that a product’s design is inherently distinctive for purposes of Lanham Act trade-dress protection (of unregistered TD)Holding: In action for infringement of unregistered TD under §43(a), a product’s deign is distinctive, and therefore protectable, only upon a showing of secondary meaningTAKEAWAY1: Product-packaging TD CAN be inherently distinctive, BUT! Product configuration TD CANNOT be inherently distinctive!If product design/configuration  MUST show secondary meaning (Zatarains / Yankee)If product packaging  Test for inherent distinctive (Seabrook / Ambercrombie)SCOTUS pulls back on Two Pesos (limits holding to packaging!)Only TRULY inherently distinctive nonverbal marks are inherently distinctiveCritiques: (1) just about everything today in post-industrial world part of design(2) Tertium quid: there is something between the 2 (design / packaging)TAKEAWAY 2: Assume product DESIGN/CONFIGURATION if it’s unclear!!  A presumption for making them show secondary meaning - cautiousRationale:Packaging and word marks have purpose of identifying source / telling customers that they refer to a brand /sourceProduct Design – no consumer predisposition to equate design feature with source or see as indication of sourceDesign intended not to identify source but to make the product itself more appealingApplication of inherently distinctive test in product design cases could deprive consumers of “the benefits of competition with regard to the utilitarian and aesthetic purposes that product design ordinarily serves”Rock and Roll Hall of Fame & Museum v. Gentile Productions (6th Cir. 1998): photographer took photos of Museum’s building with Cleveland skyline; rev’d D. Ct. and found the building is not TD  design is fanciful but not in TM sense, doesn’t function as TM and not recognized by public as such, owner’s inconsistent use of design as source-ID functionHerman Miller v. Palazetti Imports/Exports (6th Cir. 2001): genuine issue of material fact as to whether lounge chair and ottoman had acquired secondary meaningBUT! McNeil Nutrition v. Heartland Sweeteners (EDPA 2008): yellow packaging of Splenda sugar substitute was arbitrary and thus inherently distinctiveBaker v. Selden (SCOTUS): foreclosed competition under copyright law for acconting systems  high burden for establishing a product feature or configuration that has been the subject of utility patent can ever qualify for TD protection (See TrafFix)Fashion Originators Guild v. FTC (2d 1940, Hand): clothes, useful articles, are not copyrightableTMEP §1202.02(b)Regardless of whether mark is functional, must also determine whether it’s distinctive  use Samara Bros. distinction and use Seabrook factors to determine if packaging is inherently distinctiveTrade Dress Protection After Wal-MartIn re Slokevage (Fed. Cir. 2006): Further defining what is configurationFacts: “flash dare” jeans – crazy designs on back pocketsHolding: Mark is part of the product  CONFIGURATION!  Secondary meaning is required. (BB thinks packaging argument used is ridiculous)Argument that consumers recognize the butt pockets as identifying the source of the garment and her designs are more akin to a label being placed on garment, but court disagrees  design incorporated into garment itselfTAKEAWAY: If it has a utilitarian or aesthetically functional purpose, it is PRODUCT CONFIGURATION and requires showing of secondary meaning!In re Chippendales: The Tertium Quid problemFacts: Bowtie and cuffsTAKEAWAY: If you are selling something, there is design and packaging.  Whether it is distinctive of the source is the only question.Yankee Candle Co., Inc. v. Bridgewater Candle Co. (1st Cir. 2001)Facts: YC display system has shelves, store layout, and most centrally – jars + labels  “total look and feel” (alternatively, claims only in the labels)Holding: Court finds no inherent distinctiveness NOR secondary meaning evidenceTAKEAWAY: Applying Samara, where TD rests somewhere between product packaging and design  we assume design!Configuration is design/configuration  needs secondary meaningUnlike Two Pesos, not the whole store, but particular elements YC points outProduct Configuration v. Packaging Analysis:Bridgewater: this is configuration because they relate to non-reputation valueYankee: this is packaging – paying for the experience, not the candleCourt: this falls somewhere between product packaging and configuration; assumed configuration (under Samara Brothers) and conducted test for secondary meaning Factors for Finding SECONDARY MEANING (use with Zatarains Factors)***NOTE: Secondary meaning requires STRONG EVIDENTIARY SHOWINGCourt Cites Seabrook (Citing Chippendales):Whether design is a “common” basic shape or designUnique or unusual in a particular fieldMere refinement of a commonly adopted and well-known form of ornamentation for the goodsCapable of creating a commercial impression distinct from the accompanying wordsConsumer surveys/testimony of actual consumersCircumstantial evidence: length/manner of use, nature/extent of advertisingNOTE: ads should feature elements claiming as TD!Indication that consumers associate TD with sourceLabels are packaging, but don’t’ rise to level of inherently distinctive under Abercrombie  court found it appropriate to supplement bare-boned Abercrombie categories with Seabrook Factors“While particular combination of common features may indeed be arbitrary, we do not think any reasonable juror could conclude that these elements are so unique and unusual that they are source-indicative in absence of secondary meaning.”No Secondary Meaning  Π points to ∆’s copying as evidence of secondary meaning, but court says this may be the copier exploiting desirable feature that than seeking to confuse as to the source  bad intent is to pass off, not just copyRECAP: Tests for Protectability of Trade Dress(1) Product Packaging or Configuration?What is the product?Does the claimed TD come off before you use the product (packaging) or is it part of the product itself (configuration)?(2)(a) Product Packaging: Is it inherently distinctive?Second Circuit: after considering Seabrook factors, put it somewhere on Abercrombie spectrumIf not inherently distinctive, then need secondary meaning(2)(b) Product Configuration: Secondary meaning is needed, is it there?Same analysis for color(3) Functionality can defeat finding of distinctivenessUtilitarian (Inwood)Purist: Essential to use/purpose of the product?Effect on cost/quality forcing competitor to design around it?Non-reputational competitive disadvantage?Non-Purist: Competitive alternatives?Aesthetic FunctionalityIs this feature necessary for competitors to effectively compete in marketplace?F. FunctionalityGeneralLanham Act 2(e)(5): No trademark …shall be refused registration…unless it consists of a mark which comprises any matter that, as a whole, is functionalA product feature cannot serve as a trademark if it is essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the articleRegardless of distinctiveness, a mark cannot receive protection if it is functionalKey is determining if it is a non-reputation related useRationalesStops TM law from allowing a producer to control a useful product feature (patent law)Would allow for indefinite expansion of patent protections which are time-limitedTrafFix shows SCOTUS limiting scope of TM law after expanding it in Two Pesos & QualitexFunctionality is a question of fact – consumer perception is not taken into accountProblem today  in determining which test to applyEssential to the use or purpose test (TrafFix Devices/Inwood) – SCOTUS/5th cir.Competitive Necessity multi-factor test (Morton-Norwich) – Federal Cir.Restatement (3) 17: Ultimate inquiry simply whether it hinders competitionStatutory SectionsGoals of functionality doctrine:Preserve integrity of patent lawPreserve “effective” competitionTMEP §1202.02(a) – FunctionalityTrade dress is functional, and cannot serve as a trademark, if a feature of that trade dress is “essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the article.” (Qualitex – quoting Inwood)Introduction to the Concept of FunctionalityFunctionality Overview  Doctrine is a total mess!  Federal courts don’t know which test to employSCOTUS is narrowing scope of TM subject matter after expanding in Dos Pesos + QualitexFunction = non-reputation relatedFunctionality Questions Would protection restrict he right o compete effectively?Will protection hinder the competitor in competition?Would protection inhibit competition?Is the availability of the design “essential to effective completion?Would protection put competitors at significant non-reputation related disadvantage?Utilitarian FunctionalityMorton-Norwich: establishes 4 Morton-Norwich factorsMost important Morton-Norwich factor is 3rd factor (availability of alternative designs)Qualitex: equates Inwood’s “essential to use or purpose” with competitive needTrafFix Devices: emphasizes Inwood’s “essential to use or purpose” test and minimizes importance of availability of alternative designs (essential = cost/quality)If a feature is essential, it is functional, even if there are competitive alternativesIf feature is NOT essential, and yet there are no competitive alternatives, it is nevertheless functional (“competitive advantage” test, perhaps)Circuit Court split after TrafFix DevicesValu Engineering: essentially ignores TrafFix and returns to M-NEppendorf: seeks to follow TrafFix and focuses on “essential to use or purpose test”; if product feature is “essential to use or purpose,” no need to consider whether product feature is a “competitive necessity”Aesthetic FunctionalityWallace Int’l Silversmiths: Rejects Pagliero’s “important ingredient in commercial success” test, and embraces “availability of alternative designs test”Pagliero: China patternTrafFix Devices: claims that Qualitex was an aesthetic functionality caseIn cases of aesthetic functionality, “it is proper to inquire into a ‘signficant non-reputation-related disadvantage”   Courts should apply the availability of alternative designs / competitive necessity testTwo Test Summary(1) Inwood/TrafFix – “Essential to the Use or Purpose” TestHow you define the market will in realty affect the outcomeInwood: blind to competitors, looks at product in isolation  may ignore cost / quality effects because everything effects cost or quality(2) Competitive Necessity Morton-Norwich Factor TestIs there an availability alternative design (3rd Factor)?  If so, likely to give protection even for expired patents (caused the problem in TrafFix)Morton-Norwich Products (CCPA 1982): Genesis of Functionality DoctrineFacts: Appellant tried to get registration for its spray bottle (container design)Holding: Spray bottle design NOT DE JURE functional under 4-Factors\tDe Jure v. De Facto FunctionalityDe Facto  The actual utilitarian function of the product or designMay be protected as an indication of soruceDe Jure  functionality as a matter of law (if protecting will impede competition, lack of alternatives, etc.) May NOT be protected as TM“Examination into the possibility of TM protection is not to the mere EXISTENCE of utility, but to the DEGREE of design utility.”Bottle shape has a function that can be performed by a variety of other shapes with no sacrifice to any functional advantage  not the best or one of few surperior designs availableTEST: M-N Factors to Establish if something has DE JURE FUNCTIONALITY (1) Existence of expired utility patentVornado Air Circulation v. Duracraft Corp (10th Cir. 1995): even if alternatives, expired patent will trump all  dispositive factorSCOTUS Response in TrafFix  Strong evidence, but NOT dispositive10th Circuit Wacky Test: If the asserted TM feature was an important part of patent document, there is a per se bar to TM regardless of competitive alternatives  poisoned the well with patentApplication: Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products v. Kimberly-Clark Corp: GA Pacific seeks patent protection in quilted design (central advance that diamond design was softest bulk + non-nesting)  enough to find utility(2) Utilitarian advantages touted in advertisingIn re Gibson Guitar Corp. (TTAB 2001): promoted shape as producing better music  denied protectionIn re Witco Corp: Advertised bottle as providing stability in pouring oilIn re Babies Beat (TTAB 190): small grasp of baby  functionalityBut see, In re Weber-Stephen (TTAB 1987): Weber claimed to have made up slogan “round for a reason” for advertising reasons and judge agreed it was MERE PUFFERY to say oblong shape would cause more uniform grilling(3) Availability of alternative designsIMPORTANCE: Historically  leading factor because patents rarely existIn re Zippo Mfr (TTAB 1999): Zippo itself could not tell if another company had made a counterfeit!   no competitively effective ways for competing lighter market except for Zippo shape, it’s perfectZippo went to PTO and showed 1000s of other lighter designs, alternatives appeared, so no longer competitively necessary shapeIn re American National Can (TTAB 1997): ribbed design significantly affected the strength of the can  does not require the best, design works just as well(4) Manufacturing advantages  does design result from competitively cheap or simple manufacturing method?Kellogg v. Nabisco: pillow design for shredded wheat found to be functional under this factor (also had expired patent)The Scope of the Functionality Doctrine – Expansion of M-N to Aesthetics?Wallace Int’l Silversmiths v. Goldinger Silver Art Co. (2d 1990): Baroque silverwareHolding: No TM right because aesthetically functional in this marketUse Inwood Test: product feature is functional if it is essential to the use / purpose of the article or if it affects the cost/quality of the articleFeatures are purely ornamental  aesthetic functionality appliesTAKEWAY: Turns on how relevant market is characterized  Functionality CAN apply to aesthetic things as well“Though a producer does not lose a design TM just because the public finds it pleasing, there may come a point where the design feature is SO important to the value of the product to consuemrs that continued TM protection wold deprive them of competitive alternative,” (quoting Posner – WT Rogers)Π doesn’t seek protection in precise expression of decorative style but for the basic elements of the style that is part of the public domain (sounds like CR) but if he were able to show secondary meaning in a precise expression of the style, competitors might be excluded from using identical/virtually identical designInteresting way market and effective competition defined  to be able to compete in Baroque market, have to use it, but not just silverware market!Brunswick Corp v. British Seagull (Fed Cir. 1994): color black for outboard enginesFacts: sought to register black for outboard enginesHolding: Functional  it would impede competitionBoard said no, found to be de jure functional because of competitive need  doesn’t make them function better as engines, but exhibits color compatibility with lots of boat colors and makes motors look smallerModern Supreme Court Approach to FunctionalityInwood Labs. v. Ives Labs. (SCOTUS 1982): TAKEAWAY: A product feature is functional if it is essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the articleQualitex Co. v. Jacobson Prods. (SCOTUS 1995): TAKEAWAY: Functional if it is essential to the use or purpose of the article OR if it affects the cost or quality of the article, that is, if use of feature puts competitors at significant non-reputation-related disadvantageExpands Inwood Idea  Equates “essential” with “non-reputation-related disadvantage” (later decisions cabin this to aesthetic functionality only)Basically saying Inwood test is THE SAME as M-N Factors / competitive advantage testTrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. (SCOTUS 2001):Facts: MDI had expired utility patent on 2-spring withstand wind design for road signs and TrafFix copiedHolding: No infringement because MDI spring design is functionalUtilitarian Functional – Look at Design in Isolation: look as a matter of physics or architectureTrying to push all de facto functionality to de jure  any purpose that isn’t strictly reputation related is functionalBrings up market/audience question  who thinks the item is an indicator of source?  Highly specialized or average consumer?TAKEAWAY 1 – TWO-STEP TEST!!!: J. Kennedy tries to get rid of the ‘competitive alternative’ branch of M-N Test by putting forward a new test because that factor is hard to apply  Focus on “essential use or purpose” rather than competitive alternatives!Two-Step Test: A product feature is functional if “it is essential to the use or purpose of the article OR if it affects the cost or quality of the article,” even if competitive alternatives are availableIf a feature is essential, it is functional, even if there are competitive alternativesSomething is essential  if it affects the COST OR QUALITY of an itemIf feature is NOT essential, and yet there are no competitive alternatives, it is nevertheless functional (“competitive advantage” test, perhaps)TAKEAWAY 2 – Prior Patent: prior patent is STRONG EVIDENCE of functionality and places a HEAVY BURDEN on Π to show the feature is not functional!Can show not functional by demonstrating it is merely ornamental, incidental, or arbitraryChanges Vornado  an expired patent is no longer dispositiveFor unregistered marks, Π has burden of showing non-functionalFor federally registered mark, shifts the burden to ∆  functionality is a statutory defense to an incontestably registered markPost-TrafFix Functionality  CIRCUIT SPLITFIRST LINE: ValuEngineering Line (includes In re Organon (TTAB-PTO) and In re Kong Company)  have virtually ignored TrafFix decision (except to cite it for the nearly overwhelming significance of expired utility patents) and gone back to Morton-Norwich FactorsValuEnginering v. Rexord (Fed Cir. 2002): Valu  conveyor belt rails were configuration  ISSUE: Whether the design of these things can get TM protection“The availability of alternative designs can be a legitimate source of evidence to determine if the first instance if a particular feature is in fact ‘functional’Concerned about COMPETITIVE ALTERNATIVES/ NECESSITYPost-Valu they apply the OVERALL INWOOD STANDARD and then go to M-N FactorsTEST: If the product feature is essential the use or purpose (or affects cost / quality):Expired patent?Utilitarian advantages touted in advertising?Availability of alternative designs?Manufacturing advantage?SECOND LINE: Eppendorf Line  applies Inwood formally, but uses Traffix TestEpendorf-Netheler-Hinz v. Ritter GmbH (5th Cir. 2002): If you can satisfy Inwood, you do not need to go to the M-N Factors!Facts: Pipette with supporting features; claimed distinctive to Eppendorf, probably identifiable to people in the industry, but fins are supportive feature, so become necessary to the productHolding: The fins are design elements and necessary to the operation f the product.”  not a ‘competitive necessity’ but necessary to the operation of the productLook at this in a vacuum  if we removed the features, would it junction just as well? No because product feature performs a function – keep it stable and prevents breakage!!!Traffix Test   tries to DISCOUNT competitive alternatives; no real need to consider themSecond Circuit: looks like tending toward Eppendorf/TrafFix, but unclear, so generally argue bothThis is unclear, and can’t say for certain In re the Kong Company, Serial No. 78259826 (TTAB 2006) (Valu-Line): dental hygiene dog toy patent expired; went to TM side of PTO asking for exclusive rights to product configuration as their TMHolding: functional  rejected(1) expired patent; (2) own website advertises and totes dental advantages; (3) no alternative designsDippin’ Dots v. Frosty Bites Distribution (11th Cir. 2004): microball structure/ configuration is functional; color too is aesthetically functional  color for flavors correspond with natural association (orange = orange; brown = chocolate; red = strawberry)Eco Mfg v. Honeywell Intern (7th Cir.): company showed 30-40 designs to make a thermostat cover because wanted to TM the round  many competitive alternativesDe Facto functionality is applied! If it does something other than designate source, then we will not give TM.Functionality trumps designation of source  easy to think of 3 ways in which round would be functional (decorative choices, injuries, arthritis)  Aesthetic Functionality (use Eppendorf line) M-N factors don’t really work in aesthetic cases. Only the 3rd factor (availability of alternative designs) really makes sense in this contextTherefore, apply competitive necessity testAbercrombie & Fitch Stores v. American Eagle Outfitters (6th Cir. 2002)Facts: Discussion of functionality of catalogue; a combination of individually functional traitsTAKEAWAY: Illustrates danger of far-reaching scope; easy for judge to find no infringementAu-Tomotive Gold v. Volkswagen of America (9th Cir. 2006): D. Ct. found Porshe TM functional wrt keychains and floor mats2-Step Test  Correct reading of TrafFix (1) Essential to the use/purpose?(2) If no, are there competitive alternatives?No   functionalYes  non-functionalFord Motor v. Lloyd Design: like Auto-Motive Gold, but D. Ct. said they couldn’t use Ford design on floor matsProblem!  M-N remains the leading approach (competitive alternatives)Eppindorf is the minority approachAutomotive Gold is a strain Functionality OverviewUtilitarian FunctionalityMorton-NorwichEstablishes 4 M-N FactorsMost important is 3rd Factor (availability of alternative designs)Qualitex: equates Inwood’s “essential to the use or purpose” test with competitive needTrafFix: emphasizes Inwood’s “essential to the use or purpose” test and minimizes importance of availability of alternative designsIf product feature is “essential to use or purpose,” no need to consider alternative designsImplies that a product feature can be “essential to use or purpose” and thus functional even if there are alternative designsCircuit Split after TrafFixValue Engineering: essentially ignores TrafFix and returns to MNEppendorf: seeks to follow TrafFix and focuses on “essential to use or purpose test;” if product feature is “essential to use or purpose,” no need to consider whether product feature is “competitive necessityAesthetic FunctionalityWallace Int’l SilversmithsRejects Pagliero’s “important ingredient in commercial success” testEmbraces availability of alternative designs testTrafFix DevicesClaims that Qualitex was aesthetic functionality caseIn cases of aesthetic functionality, “it is proper to inquire into a ‘significant non-reputation-related disadvantage’ that is, courts should apply the availability of alternative designs/comeptiive necessity testAuto-Motive Gold v. Volkwagen: 2-Step Test  Correct reading of TrafFix Essential to the use/purpose?If no, are there competitive alternatives?G. Marks that May not be RegisteredExclusions from Registration – Lanham Act §2 Scandalous, Disparaging, and Deceptive Marks under §2(a)SCANDALOUS AND DISPARAGING TESTS  Two 2-Part Tests for Scandalous + Disparaging (Harjo v. Pro-FootBall)SCANDALOUS  2-Part Test(1) What is the meaning of the matter in question as it appears in the marks and as those marks are used in connection with services identified in registration?(2) During the period when the mark(s) was registered, would the mark be SHOCKING TO THE SENSE of truth, decency, or propriety to, or give offense to the conscience or moral feelings of, excite reprobation or call out for condemnation by a SUBSTNTIAL COMPOSITTE OF THE GENERAL POPULATIONNOTE: evaluates by contemporary attitudes because what was once scandalous (“Bubby Trap” brassieres) is quaint, but Old Glory Condom is scandalous (with flag)DISPARAGEMENT  2-Part Test(1) What is the meaning of the matter in question as it appears in the marks and as those marks are used in connection with the services identified in the registrations?(2) Whether, at relevant times, SUBSTANTIAL COMPOSITE OF THE TARGETED GROUP may perceive the subject matter as disparaging of their group?NOTE: Both tests are applied to the words at the TIME of registration, as social standards and perceptions may change – want to give companies some certaintyCan use to show meaning: dictionary, common usage at the time, printed publications, survey evidence (questions must be appropriate)Harjo v. Pro-Football (DC Cir. 2003) (Scandalous/Disparaging Tests)Facts: Petitioners, Native Americans, brought cancellations proceeding against ∆, Redskins, claiming violated §2(a) as being BOTH disparaging AND scandalousHolding: Enough evidence to find mark is DISPARAGING, but NOT scandalousBarred by Laches  Redskins survived because of laches, but will likely be struck from Register soonAdditional Examples of §2 Disparaging RejectionsIn re Heeb (TTAB 2008): applicant wanted to register “HEEB” for apparel; historically disparaging to Jewish peopleHolding:  Refusal Aff’dApplicant: context (magazines – not in app., so not considered); mainstream support (Hillel); cooption; generational; other disparaging marks are registered (TTAB doesn’t buy it)TTAB: Dictionary entries; anti-defamation league; testimony; public viewing; older generation / disparate views; intent doesn’t matter  balance interestsSubstantial Composite: not necessarily a majority (McGinley)No 1A violation to refuse registration  still free to speekDykes on Bikes (Filed 2003) (self-disparagement): rejected, but then allowed  cooptation/appropriation Jesus Jeans: some countries refuse, but US allowedTrash bin Laden: US refused registration, disparaging to individualDECEPTIVE TEST  In re Budge Mfg. (Fed. Cir. 1988):Three-Part Test for when mark is deceptive (for NON-GEOGRAPHIC MARKS)   ALL THREE MUST BE YES!!(1) Is the term misdescriptive of the character, quality, function, or composition of the use of the goods?If NO  term either (1) merely descriptive and registered with secondary meaning showing, or (2) inherently distinctive and can be registeredIf YES  move on(2) Are the prospective purchasers likely to believe that the misdescription actually describes the goods?If NO  term is probably inherently distinctive, go to functionalityIf YES  move on(3) Is the misdescription likely to affect the decision to purchase?If NO  term is “deceptively misdescriptive” under §2(e)(1) and MAY be registered upon a showing of secondary meaning under §2(f)If YES  mark deceptive under §2(a)  cannot be registeredIn re Budge Mfg. (Fed. Cir. 1988):Facts: Applicant appeals TTAB rejection of registration of its mark for synthetic fiber automotive seat covers with the name “Lovee Lamb” on grounds it was deceptive under §2(a).Holding: Held mark was deceptive  rejection was fineE.g., “Cafeteria” Restaurant in Chelsea is not a cafeteriaGeographic Marks Under §§2(e)(2)-(3)General§2(e)(2): registrable unless…when used in connection with the goods of the application, the mark is primarily geographically descriptive of themMust be able to show secondary meaning!§2(e)(3): registrable unless…used on or in connection with the goods of the applicant is primary geographically deceptively misdescriptive Cannot register, even with a showing of secondary meaning We treat geographically misdescriptive and geographically deceptively misdescriptive marks differently than we treat non-geographic deceptively misdesciptive marks Treat geographically deceptive marks in exactly the same way that we treat geographic misdescriptive marks Need secondary meaning where a mark is geographically descriptiveTEST FOR GEOGPRAHIC DESCRIPTIVENESS (TMEP 1210.01(a)): Test to establish prima facie case for refusal to register a mark as primarily geographically descriptive, examining attorney must show:Is the primary significance of the mark is a generally known geographic location (TMEP §§1210.02 et seq)?No  not geographic markYes  move onIf so, do the goods or services originate in the place identified in the mark (TMEP §1210.03)?; andNo  probably inherently distinctiveYes  move onIf so, would the purchasers would be likely to believe that the goods or services originate in the geographic place identified in the mark (TMEP §§1210.04 et seq)If YES to all 3 Questions  Mark is ‘geographically descriptive’ and MAY BE REGISTERED upon showing secondary meaning, in accordance with 2(e)(2) read with §2(f)If YES to 1 and 2, but NO to 3  go on to NOTE: If the mark is remote or obscure, the public is UNLIKELY to make a goods/place or services/place association (TMEP §12010.404(c))TEST FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY DECEPTIVELY MISDESCRIPTIVE MARKS (TMEP 1210.01(b) (like California Innovations – Fed. Cir. 2003): To support a refusal to register a mark as primarily geographically deceptively misdescriptive, examining attorney must show:Is the primary significance of the mark is generally known geographic location (TMEP §§1210.02 et seq)?No  not a geographic markYes  move onIf so, do the goods or services NOT originate in the place identified in the mark (TMEP §1210.03)?No  See above analysisYes  move onIf so, would purchasers would be likely to believe that the goods or services originate in the geographic place identified in the mark (TMEP §§1210.04 et seq)?No  mark probably inherently distinctiveYes  move onNOTE: If the mark is remote or obscure, the public is unlikely to make a goods/place or services/place association (TMEP §1210.04(c)); andIf so, would the misrepresentation is a material factor in a significant portion of the relevant consumer’s decision to buy the goods or use the services (MATERIALITY)(TMEP §§1210.05(c) et seq)YES  Mark is geographically deceptively misdescriptive, and CANNOT be registered in accordance with §2(e)(3)NO  Mark is “geographically misdescriptive,” and STILL cannot be registered if the mark is note registered before 1993-post NAFTANOTE (HOWEVER) that leading scholar has suggested that if geographically deceptively misdescriptive mark is arbitrary, then it may be treated as such and registered as inherently distinctive with no requirement of secondary meaning RECAP  INCREDIBLY FUZZY LAW:(1) Geographically Deceptive – §2(a): same as descriptive generally, central point is materiality and deceiving consumer  can NOT be overcome with secondary meaningAlthough unclear and may be treated as arbitrary and registrable as inherently distinctive with no requirement of secondary meaning(2) Geographically Descriptive – §2(e)(2): can be overcome with secondary meaning(3) Geographically Deceptively Misdescriptive – §2(e)(3): possibly treated same as deceptive (post-NAFTA) and requires showing that goods/place association is material to purchase  If it is  DECEPTION then POSSIBLY can NOT be overcome by secondary meaningA place being well-known or renowned for the goods supports a finding of materialityMisdescriptive but not material  just arbitrary  may be inherently distinctive and require no showing of secondary meainingAdditional Cases:In re Spirits Int’l, NV (Fed. Cir. 2009): Spirtis appeals TTAB refusal of “MOSKOVSKAYA” for Vodka  TTAB said “geographically deceptively misdescriptiveHolding: The materiality test of subsection (e)(3) incorporates a requirement that a significant portion of relevant consumers would be deceived  not wheher any absolute number or particular segmentApplied doctrine of foreign equivalents  “Moscow”In re Joint-Stock Company – “Baik” – (TTAB 2007) (PRECEDENTIAL): “Baikal” is geographically descriptive and known location; satisfies 3 prongs, so must show secondary meaning for geographic descriptivenessNantucket Nectors: geographically descriptive because HQ in Nantucket even if not produced there (other courts would rule the other way)Societe Genenerale (Vittel) (Fed. Cir. 1987): geographically known location, but obscure place in France, so unknown to cosmetics buyers  arbitrary or fancifulIn re Gale Hayman (Sunset Blvd) (TTAB 1990): perfume; refers to street in LA  goods/services do not originate in the place, so no finding of geographically descriptivenessName Marks –Marks that are Primarily Surnames:  Name Mark Rationales Names are not really source identifiers  they are commonFunctionality: want to preserve surnames with respect to others unless they have made an effort to show secondary meaningTest for whether barred from Registration because Surname with no Secondary Meaning (In re Bentham (TTAB 1995, name used as symbol – not just the word)):Degree of the surname’s “rareness”Whether anyone connected with applicant has the mark as a surnameWhether the mark has any recognized meaning other than as a surnameWhether the mark has the “look and sound” of a surnameWhether the manner in which the mark is displayed MIGHT negate any surname significance In re Joint-Stock Company – “Baik” (TTAB 2007): Applicant filed to register BAIK for vodka on ITU; examining attorney refused as “merely surname”   Benthin Factors applied, REVERSEDSurname extremely rareNo connection  neutralOther meanings  applicant says ‘coined term’ – evocative of “Baikal” – no famous people with surnameLook and Feel  very rare name, can’t assume public will know; Yahoo People Search shows <3000 people with similar nameH. PriorityGeneralFor any action to be brought as trademark infringement, plaintiff must be able to show “use”Actual trademark use is a prerequisite for obtaining common law rightsActual OR constructive use prerequisite for registration“Use” comes up in several contexts:Demonstrating use In commerce requirement - very broadDetermining Priority  Actual use for common law Actual or constructive use for Lanham Act registration  Determining OwnershipDetermining Abandonment Actionable Use (“google” or use in movies) – see Google case – does search engine “use” the TMFair use defense Surrogate UsePublic use of a term can create TM rights for company (“Coke” and “Bug’)Affiliate use – right to continue to use if continuous involvement & control Use in Commerce Requirement§1(a) – Requires “use in commerce” to be registered§45 - use in commerce” means bona fide use of a mark in the ordinary course of trade and not made merely to reserve right in a markGoods: (1) placed in any manner on the goods or containers (or similarly) AND (2) goods are sold or transported in commerce Services: used or displayed in advertising AND those services are used in commerce or in more than one state Intent to Use Registration (TLRA)§1(b) - allows registration of mark that a person has “a bona fide intention, under circumstances showing the good faith of such person, to use a trademark in commerce”§1(d) – registrant under 1(b) has 6 months to show, with evidence, actual use in commerceAvailable only to inherently distinctive marks; can receive extensions not longer than 24 monthsRationale: bring US in line with the rest of the world; notice to competitors Secondary meaning, by nature, requires prior useNon-inherently distinctive marks can show use of other goods and services referenced in the application that have developed secondary meaning that will transfer to new useRationales:Provides constitutional authority for federal trademark lawEnsures that competitors cannot reserve brand names to make competition more costlyOpen question: websites – not clear what is “use” for websites Relevant Statutory Sections§7(c): application to register mark considered constructive useIf after date of application, someone starts to use your mark  ENJOINABLE after you have perfected your mark (Subject to Dawn Donut)Senior Common Law User: someone in the country has used it before you applied for registration at PTO§22: date of registrationBecomes less and less important over the yearsCommon Law Priority: Where nothing has been registered at the federal levelTheodore Rectanus (1918) (STILL GOOD LAW) (concurring use)Facts: United Drug is senior user of drug wrt US-overall; United sells product under REX in MA (1777); Recantanus uses REX in KY (1883); United Registers in State, federal, and then ships REX to KY for first time in 1912TAKEAWAY: If the use is remote and undertaken in good faith, then we will allow that use to continue!!Good Faith: MA user was first user and then Rectanus took a train up to MA and decided to apply drug (REX) idea in KY  may question good faithIf not acting in good faith  lose local priority if clearly trying to take advantage of good willRemote junior may continue use in locality if adopted in good faithExceptions to Common Law Rule(1) TM Owner entitled to exclusive use of mark in any geographic area in which mark’s reputation established, even if product is not sold in that geographic areaTM owner entitled to protect mark in territory that he is expected to reach in normal expansion of his business, even if there is no current LOC in area (Hanover Star Milling)(2) TM owner is entitled to prevent anyone from intentionally trading on her goodwill, even outside her established geographic area  only innocent (good faith) use of same mark is protectedLanham Act: Exercising Priority and Obtaining an Injunction to Stop Junior User’s UseTo obtain an injunction, Senior User must show:1) Priority, and 2) Likely to cause consumer confusion as to sourceIf registrant has not entered and has no immediate plans to enter competitor’s geographic area  EXCEEDINGLY HARD TO SHOW LOCDawn Donut v. Hart’s Food Stores (2d Cir 1959): Requirement of Actual use for InjunctionsFacts: MI Company sues NY company that adopted Dawn in good faith; Dawn Donut had licensed out its mark a few times early on, but MI company had ceased operations in NY (retreated) by 1950sHolding: MI company could not enjoin NY company for using word “Dawn” for donuts until it could show that it was expanding into NY area even though it had nationwide senior rightsTAKEAWAY 1: Even though nationwide priority, you MUST show ACTUAL use where you seek injunctions to suppress other people’s useHow relevant today when everything is online?Applications of Dawn DonutSnelling & Snelling v. Snelling & Snelling (DPR 1970): federal registrant has not entered the Puerto Rico market  complaint dismissedPizzeria Uno v. Temple (4th Cir. 1984): court denied present injunction against user in “remote” territory without prejudice to registrants right to renew claim when it enters the territoryComidas Exquisitos v. O’Malley & McGees (8th Cir 1985): Atlanta restaurant could not obtain present injunction against use in IA because of lack of reputation in IA and no present plan to expand thereMinnesota Pet Breeders v. Schell & Kampeter (8th Cir. 1994): If TM owner not entitled to an injunction in ∆’s trade area because, under Dawn Donut Rule, Π has not shown a LOC there, then no profits should be awarded as to that areaLone Star Steakhouse & Saloon v. Alpha of Virgnia (4th Cir. 1995): registrant had already expanded into junior user’s Washington, DC trade area, and thus entitled to injunctionBUT SEE, Circuit City Stores v. CarMax (6th Cir. 1999)What-a-Burger VA v. Whataburger TX (4th Cir. 2004): Facts: Started in TX 1954, federally registered, then junior Waterburger started in VA, disappeared – then Waterburger begins to expand in mid-Atlantic, and finds Waterburg Stand in VA because had opened new shopsLatches Argument: Waited 30 years, sat on rights, junior user wants to continue useTX Lawyers: Dawn Donut  no basis to enjoin VA use because we had not expanded to the area yetHolding: Latches does not apply under Dawn DonutBurger King of Fla. V. Hoots (7th Cir. 1968): Π (BK) started use of BK mark in FL; ∆ (Hoots) opened BK restaurant in Mattoon, IL (1957); ∆ registers in IL (1959); Π gets federal registration (1961)  mid-60s Π had 38 outlets from FL to KYHolding: ∆ had 33(b)(5) defense for a 25-mile radius around MattoonNote: May have been different if BK had plans to expand earlierThrifty Rent-A-Car System v. Thrifty Cars (D. Mass. 1986)Facts: Thrifty began use of mark in OK (1958) applied for federal registration (1962); Thrift began use in MA (1962); Thrifty receives registration (1964); Thrifty enters MA and seeks to enjoin Thrift (1967)Holding: Because 7(c) was not yet in effect, only §22 (date of registration) applied  Thrift could continue to use its zone as of date of registrationBUT NOW!!  §7(c) in effect, Thrifty would have nationwide priority as a date of application, and Thrift would have to stopGeneral ApplicationsSenior uses  Junior uses  Senior applies for and receives registrationSenior sues Junior and vice-versa: Under 33(b)(5), Junior is frozen to its area of use as of the date of applicationSenior uses  Junior uses and then applies for and receives registration  Junior files suit against Senior, Senior Counterclaims: Junior has nationwide priority except in Senior’s zone of use as of the date of application or registration (unclear which)Zazu Designs v. L’Oreal (7th Cir. 1992, Easterbrook) (pre-TLRA registration)Facts: Cosmair (L’Oreal in US) developed ‘hair cosmetics’ (wash-out pink hair dye) called ZAZU and sold in stores (1985), flopped in late-1980s; Zazu Hair Designs (ZHD) registered with IL 1980 – said no products under name, but had been trying to enter market; ZHD applied for registration of ZAZU after L’Oreal applied to register mark and began to sell nationwideHolding: Slight sales insufficient for priority; ZHD didn’t register ZAZU federallyPotential users shouldn’t have to wait until other firms decide whether to market a productDissent:Serious issue of good faith  Good faith user is simply one that begins using a mark without knowledge of another party’s preexisting use; L’Oreal knew ZAZU had registered service mark, and that can be infringed upon by closely related product because of LOCTest for use was satisfied because more than de minimusZazu should have exclusive rights in Local AreaIf case were decided today, §22 doesn’t matter at all anymore, §7(c) is where it’s at  CONCERNED with date of APPLICATION, NOT date of registrationPriority and Bad FaithCannot receive priority where there is a showing of bad faith use to establish such priorityBell Inc v. Farah (5th Cir. 1975) – although race is to the swift in trademark law, race must be run cleanly if a firm wants to prevailHere, put new labels on old jeans in order to use first in commerce and apply for registration (before intent to use registration under 1(b); court determined priority by first sales date, not by individual shipments and discussions with customers Priority DisputesResolved by TTAB through oppositions or interferences  §13 provides, “any person who believes that he would be damaged by the registration of a mark upon the principal register may… file an opposition in the PTO, stating the grounds therefore.”  §1062(a): TM applications must be published before issuance, so that interested parties may have the opportunity to search for / oppose potentially damaging applicationsMay be opposed by showing mark is not entitled to registration – e.g., because others made use of it before applicant didChance v. Pac-Tel Teletrac (9th Cir 2001): ∆’s pre-launch marketing campaign (press releases/presentations, soon followed by launch of service established analogous use priority  May establish priority through ‘use analogous to TM use,” provided user makes actual use of mark within a reasonable period of time following analogous usePriority by Contract: may may covenants not to sue and the like; powerful second-comer may pay-off senior user  economic efficiencies theoryProperty Rationale/Incentives v. Consumer Protection Rationale: What do you do when consumers develop the TM uses – e.g., Volkswagen “Bug” started in the public, so how much protection do consumers need here?Priority v. Secondary MeaningDescriptive marks are not entitled to protection until owner can prove secondary meaning in minds of consumers, but priority suggests TM is presumptively owned by first person to use it in commerce (barring federal registration)Laureyssens v. Idea Group (2d Cir. 1992): trade dress infringement suit by makers of “Happy Cube” 3-D puzzles against makers of “Snafooz” puzzles; no question of actual secondary meaning existing (low sales, low ad spending), evidence of imitation, but not copying of trade dress  reject doctrine of secondary meaning in the making under §43(a), rev’d injunction because there are alternative forms of protectionIntentional copying is persuasive evidence of secondary meaning Secondary meaning can develop quickly to prevent knock-offsNY CL unfair competition: producer’s trade dress protected without proof of secondary meaning against bad faith practicesCourts virtually unanimous in rejecting idea of protecting “secondary meaning in the making”I. Registration: Trademark Office ProceduresGeneralBases under which you can file an applicationActual use 1(a)Bona fide intent to use 1(b)Use/registration/application in a Paris Convention CountryForwarded application from Home Country Madrid Protocol  if you’re a national of one country belonging to MP, you can file TM application in your home country and request your application be forwarded to the WIPO, and request that WIPO forward to other member countries asking them to registerForwarded application from home country under Madrid Protocol Advantages to Registration (Not required to Register) (Taken from §33)Provides prima facie evidence of validity, ownership, and registrant’s exclusive rights (§§7(b), 33)  BB: easy to burst this bubble with some evidenceUnclear how much weight courts actually place on §33 presumption of validityEstablishes nationwide priority at time of application (§7(c))Nationwide constructive use and constructive notice  cuts off rights of other users of same or similar marks (§22)Start clock running for purposes of incontestability: after 5 years  eliminates many defenses (§§15, 33), and limits on cancelation (§14)Registration procedures dependent upon basis under which TM is being registeredStatutory SectionsBasic Registration Actions:Unlike previous sections, registration is mainly statutory with some supplementation by PTORegistration requires examination in the USRationale for allowing Intent-To-Use applications  effective in 1989 (TLRA)Foreign companies had unfair advantage under § 44Uncertainty Token use process not available to small companies and certain manufacturersPost-Registration Actions – Maintaining RegistrationsDeclarations and ApplicationsContinuing Use (§8)Declaration of Incontestability (§15)Renewal Application (§9)During 6th year from date of registration:Registrant must file §8 Declaration of CONTINUING USERegistrant may (SHOULD) also file §15 Declaration of INCONTESTABILITYDuring the 10th year from date of registrationRegistrant must file §8 Declaration of CONTINUING USERegistrant must also file §9 RENEWAL APPLICATIONExclusions from Registration – Lanham Act §2 (see above for analysis)Disparaging, Scandalous, Deceptive, Etc…J. Incontestability – §§ 14, 15, 33§14 Gives immunity from cancellation (TIME LIMIT)  for the first 5-years after mark is registered, someone can come in and seek to cancel your registration on any grounds on which someone could have opposed registration in the first placeAFTER the 1st 5-years, grounds for cancellation are restricted to exceptions in §§14(3)-(5)§15 Goes further: Additional benefits given to mark over time  a mark becomes INCONTESTABLE if:Mark registered for 5 yearsFiled §15 affidavit showing that not only registered but also continuously used for 5-yearsNo pending claim against your mark or right to useMark can’t have become generic§33 – Nine Exceptions to Incontestability§§33, 15 Together – Incontestability of exclusive right to use the mark in federal courts (§§15, 33(b))After 5-years, cannot bring challenge by showing lack of distinctiveness; 5-years of registration serves as uncontested evidence of distinctivenessCAN bring a challenge that mark has become genericTriggered for all registrations, regardless of whether registrant files 6-year declaration under §15ProblemΠ’s registration is 5+ years old, but Π fails §15 declaration  ∆ counterclaims seeking to cancel Π’s registration on grounds that would, at TTAB, be barred by §14’s SOLRead §15  look at §33(b)  then look at §14  TM lawyers don’t know how these all relateBB: overstated and difficult to apply or predict how it will protect you  unstable doctrine and so many exceptionsOnly real protection is Park and Fly  against claims of no secondary meaning outside of 5-year windowFrom McCarthy: “The structure of the Act is to list those defenses or challenges which are not foreclosed.  While §33(b) lists nine exceptions to incontestability, it seems clear that §33(b) incorporates exceptions of §15 by reference, and §15 in turn incorporates §§14(c), (e), and §14(c) in turn incorporates the exceptions of §§2(a)-(c) and §4.  As many as 21 possible exceptions to incontestability have been listen, although this may involve some double counting.”Park ‘N Fly v. Dollar Park and Fly (SCOTUS 1985) (not in class)Facts: Π filed infringement action against respondent for using “incontestable mark”  respondent argued mark is merely descriptive and therefore not contestableHolding: Under §§14, 15, 33, incontestable marks CANNOT be challenged on ground of MERE DESCRIPTIVENESS because incontestable registered marks are presumptively valid due to the fact that they were registeredTAKEAWAY: Incontestability allows TM owner of descriptive mark to avoid having to show secondary meaningIII. Trademark InfringementA. Structure of AnalysisSubject matter – Owner / Property Right?Protectable?Packaging/configuration?Distinctiveness?Seabrook – common in industry?2d Cir – Abercrombie?Has this been infringed?LOC?Polaroid FactorsLOD?Blurring/Tarnishment∆’s fair use of TM?B. Use as a TrademarkUse of owner’s mark by defendant – actionable use requirement For a use to be actionable today, it must meet the definition of “commerce” and not of “use in commerce”This is a higher standard and means that fewer uses will be actionable by ownersMeans in some places, will win if not commercial (commerce)*Beebe does not focus much on use – mention and analyze quickly!*§45 – deemed used in commerce…when it is used or displayed I the sale or advertising of services and the services are rendered in commerce Six Aspects of “Use in Commerce” – bona fide use of a mark in ordinary course of trade  not merely to reserve right in a mark (no warehousing marks in US – maybe in Europe)(1) Commerce clause limitation(2) Establishing priorityCommon Law Rights  Actual UseFederal Registration Rights  Actual or Constructive Use (3) Establishing ownership  who is the user?(4) Determining whether a mark has been abandoned (when does “use” stop?)(5) Determining types of actionable use(6) Determining “fair use”Rescuecom Corp. v. Google (2d Cir. 2009)Facts: Rescuecom is national computer service company; registered TM since 1998; 17-30k visitors to site/month; advertises on Google; people search and Google shows links and ads (“sponsored links”); Google makes 97% revenue from AdWords  upon ∆’s advice, Π’s competitors purchased Π’s TM as a keyword triggering their adsD.Ct: Not ‘use in commerce’ because ads triggered didn’t exhibit Π’s TmHolding: Use of mark in ∆’s internal algorithm could constitute an actionable TM useNot like “product placement” in a grocery storeDistinguished 1-800 CaseGoogle is recommending and selling Π’s TM to its advertisersGoogle displays, offers, sells Π’s TM to advertising customersGoogle encourages purchase of Π’s mark through Keyword Suggestion Tool1-800 Contacts v. WhenU.com (2d Cir. 2005) (distinguished in Rescuecom): Facts: pop-up ad software has WhenU.com ad appear on Π’s wesbite; ∆ uses similar, but not identical TM for ΠHolding: For ∆ to infringe, it would need to have put the actual TM on the list, and not the similar addressTAKEAWAY: “Use” is a thresfhold matter; separates the 3-elements  “USE” + “In Commerce”+ “LOC” Network Automation v. Advanced Systems Concepts (9th Cir. 2011): The use of a trademark as a search engine keyword that triggers the display of a competitor’s advertisement is a “use in commerce” under the Lanham Act.”BUT SEE, Daimler Chrysler v. Bloom (8th Cir. 2003): telecommunications company did not use the term “Mercedes” in a TM sense merely by licensing a vanity phone number “1-800-Mercedes”Bosley v. Kremer: “use as a mark” concept focuses on language in §32 (use in connection with sale, distribution, or advertising of any goods or servicesHolding: ∆ is not selling anything in connection with Bosley.com, so not using as a markC.f., Bad faith cybersquatters like PETAHoliday Inns v. 800 Reservations (SCOTUS 1997): Holiday Inns used number 1800-holiday and ∆ used 1800-h0liday; Holiday Inns charged unfair use of Π’s TMHolding: ∆ did NOT “USE” Π’s mark and there was no confusion  no infringementToday: This would be considered typo-squatting, and find for ΠCriticism of the “Use in Commerce” Doctrine:Dogan & Lemley: TM use doctrine services important limiting function  prevent TM holders from asserting generalized right to control language (like newspaper’s use and generic drug manufacturers placing drugs near brand names)  may make money off the TM, but they are not TM uses and therefore, outside the ambit of the statute (Hous. L. Rev. 777 – 2004)McCarthy: doctrine does not exist and likelihood of confusion is the only requirement for infringement  post –hoc creation rather than actual requirement of the statuteC. Confusion-Based Trademark Infringement: Likelihood of ConfusionGeneralThree-Part Process(1) Π owns the mark (2) The mark is valid and protectable: If you have a registered mark (§32 Registered - PF case that it is valid and protectable just by showing registration/§43(a) - Unregistered)(3) ∆’s use in commerce is likely to create confusionUse + In Commerce + LOC (in some courts)Apply the POLAROID FACTORSTwo-prong test for infringement (Gruner):  Is the plaintiff’s mark entitled to protection If yes, is the defendant’s use likely to cause consumer confusionForms of Confusion-Based Claims Point of saleInitial Interest ConfusionPost Sale ConfusionReverse ConfusionIndirect and Vicarious TheoriesEarly History of Trademark Infringement Cause of ActionEarly 20th Century – Competing Goods RestrictionOrigin-1900s: Courts would only enjoin others’ use of Π’s mark on goods directly competitive with Π’s goodsBorden Ice Cream v. Borden’s Condensed Milk (7th Cir. 1912): Junior use of “Borden” for ice cream did not infringe senior use of “Borden” for milkModern –Consumer Confusion Replaces Direct Competition in Product Market IdeaYale Elec. v. Robertson (2d Cir. 1928): Junior use of “Yale” for flashlights and batteries infringed senior use of “Yale” for locks and keys  Statutory Sections Factors Analysis for Likelihood of ConfusionMultifactor Test – Basic Test for Infringement  Whether an appreciable number of reasonably prudent purchasers are likely to be confused, that can be decided through direct and circumstantial evidence, based on the factors applicable in the relevant circuitsVaries Circuit-to-Circuit2d Circuit – Most Important Here  Polaroid FactorsMultifactor Test dates back to 1938 RST of TORTS, but now circuit dependent8 POLAROID FACTORS  SUMMARY(1) Strength of senior user’s mark(2) Degree of similarity between the two marks(3) Proximity of the products(4) Likelihood that the prior owner will bridge the gap(5) Actual confusion(6) Junior user’s good faith in adopting its own mark(7) Quality of ∆’s product(8) Sophistication of buyersTwo-Dimensional Model of Trademark ScopeDetailed Polaroid Factor Analysis – Polaroid Corp. v. Polaroid Elec. (1961), reaffrirmed Playtex Prod. V. Georgia-Pac. (2004): BB Order of Analyzing (5 Factors + 3 Tossed-out)(1) Degree of Similarity between the Two MarksOverview For Π, similarity is NECESSARY, but not sufficientIf No  ∆ wins65:192 PI and Bench Trial Opinions found not similar  each opinion found in favor of ∆ in overall testEasterbrook (Top Tobacco): If so dissimilar that there is no LOC, no need to go through other factors when we know there is no confusionIf Yes  Necessary, but not sufficient, so move onCharacteristics and NotesVery flexible analysisAnti-dissection principles No side-by-side comparison, unless products are frequently near each other on shelves (LVM v. Burlington)Sound, sight, and meaning (RST 3d)  can shift among all types to establish identity / similarityFamily of Marks (e.g., McDonald’s): recognizable common feature, used together such that public association is common feature with owner and common feature is distinctiveIf goods/services are virtually identical  level of similarity needed declinesVerbal Similarity Coca-Cola v. Essential Products (CCPA): Coca-Cola v. Coco Loco soft drinks  no LOC, drinks sufficiently different notwithstanding similarity of mark because may not be next to each other in the aisleJohnson & Johnson v. Colgate-Palmolive (DNJ 1972): Shower-to-shower body power v. Hour-after-hour aerosol deodorant  no LOC, dissimilarity of marks (discounting sound in sound, sight, meaning test)Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of American (NDCAl. 2008): Boy Scouts for boys v. Youth Scouts for boys and girls  no LOC, strength of Boy Scouts so distinctive consumers would detect any slight differenceHancock v. American Steel & Wire (CCPA 1953): Cyclone v. Tornado for wire fencing  LOC! Marks are identical in ORDINARY meaning, and likely to result in confusion without verbal similarityTGIF v. Int’l Restaurant Group (MDLa. 1975): TGI Friday’s v. EL Saturdays for restaurants  No LOC, good faith/intent (surprising decision)Quality Inns v. McDonald’s (D. Md. 1988): LOC of confusion with McSleep highway-side hotels because of McDonald’s strong FAMILY  e.g., McDentist  if not to source, but association, sponsorship, connection, endorsement, or authorization∆ survey evidence about ads  not conclusive (16.3% confused); NYU Jacoby – low level of likelihood of confusionΠ 30-40% confusedQuality Inns used qualifying language; but even still 20+% confusedNonverbal Similarity ExamplesHansen Beverage v. Nat’l Beverage (9th Cir. 2007): Monster v. Freek energy drinks  No LOC, Circuit re’v’d D. Ct’s preliminary injunction: (1) low consumer sophistication because low price/impulse purchase; (2) color of font, size of cans, products, and meaning of names similar but not enough, crowded energy drink market; some bad faith/evidence of actual confusion (surprising decision)AutoZone v. Strick (7th Cir. 2008): AutoZone v. Oil Zone  appellate remanded saying reasonable jury could find AutoZone sufficiently strong and similarity of word “zone” could create FAMILY of MarksConopco v. May Dept. Stores (Fed. Cir. 1994): Vaseline brand location v. Venture Skin Care lotion; No LOC, consumers conditioned to know store brands look similar to name brand, so when side-by-side on shelf, there is low LOC  sophistication of consumerYamaha v. Yamoto: ∆ knocking-off Π’s trade dress, agreed to stop(2) Junior User’s Intent / Good Faith in Adopting its own MarkBB says ask this SECOND (65:67 finding bad faith  LOC)If Yes  Π wins if they win both this + similarityIf No  court will move on to other factorsSome circuits don’t think this is important, but still in PolaroidE.g., Judge Levall (2d Cir.): should not matter because ∆’s intent does not affect consumerCharacteristics and NotesRelevance to empirical question of LOC: Multifactor testing isn’t purely fact-finding analysis  legal rules and realism weave inIn practice, this factor tends to stampede othersFinding of bad faith strikes against ∆; however, NO bad faith doesn’t favor ∆Rolls-Royce v. A&A Fiberglass (NDGa 1976): modification kit for VW Bug  enough that motivation is association to Rolls-Royce (today more likely tarnishment / blurring case) (3) Actual Confusion  moderate weight given according to BBThird InquiryIf yes  highly likely that Π will winIf no  then go on to next factorsAnecdotal Evidence of Confusion: CAN be enough to show actual confusion!Testimony of consumersEmails of consumersTestimony of operator for the company (people calling thinking they are ∆)Survey Evidence: Routine and good to have, although rarely presented, and even more rarely credited   In survey battle, look at methodologies to see how much weight to give!!16% had evidence, 35% credited, and if credited, only 7% ruled in favorTAKEAWAY: don’t believe hype of survey experts that you HAVE to have one, especially in preliminary injunction hearing  BUT! May be helpful to get a settlementSquirt Format: Place side-to-side, ask if it’s made by the same company  Criticism: may be leading; context implies answering yesEver-Ready Format: Putting out just ∆’s product and saying, “what company might have put this out?”Criticism: Leading again; they have to say a company made itE.g., Starbuks v. Lessbucks Coffee, Quality Inn v. McDonald’sExxon Format: just show ∆’s product and ask, “what is the first thing that comes to mind when you see this?Criticism: generates high confusion results, so generally not given much weightDamages REQUIRES Actual Confusion or Willful Intent  Injunction Requires LOCCasesLeSportsac v. K Mart (2d Cir. 1985): no confusion at point of purchase, post-sale confusionWalmart / Wal-O-Caust: 7:10 consumers surveyed thought Wal-Mart sponsored Walocaust; 3:10 Wal-Qaeda(4) Sophistication of Buyers/Consumers  Moderate weight (BB)Characteristics and NotesStampeding Factor  Π argues consumers are dumb, ∆ argues consumers are smartMixed Population: most courts averageMay have different class of consumer for Π & ∆, average, but some courts will go with ∆’s consumerExpensive items may entail assumption of greater sophistication by prudent purchasersExtreme Cases: children; professional buyersAtomic Energy of Canada v. AREVA Canada (209 FC): No LOC  All AECL’s experts acknowledged in cross-examination that the relevant consumers would not be confused into purchasing the wrong nuclear reactor – despite great similarity of the marks and products(5) Proximity of the Product – Moderately Important (BB)This is a highly flexible analysis; often combined with bridging the gap analysis Very policy-laden; difficult to have actual fact-finding here Arguably, ALL policy  no fact-finding at allReplaced ACTUAL competition of Production notion from Borden caseIf goods are in same category  Π usually wins, and vice versaWhen 2 users are operating in different areas of commerce, consumers are less likely to assume similarity But does not have to be that similar: CDs and phones seen as similar (Virgin Enterprises); also likelihood of bridging the gap here Death Tobacco v. Black Death (Cal. 1993) – court placed considerable weight in finding confusion on the fact that the products were sold to the same class of consumers & most owners had the products next to each other on the shelf Physical proximity in stores carries less weight when consumers are used to it (ex: generic drugs -  Conopco v. May Dep’t Stores), c.f., internet consumer expectations side-by-side (6) Strength of Senior User’s Mark  Not that important (BB) (but used in all circuits)Two forms of Strength: More emphasis on ACTUAL than Abercrombie StrengthConceptual/Inherent Strength (Abercrombie spectrum)Actual / Acquired Marketplace Strength (Zatarains)Abercrombie Spectrum not very strong hereCourts increasingly focus more on acquired to show strength of mark in the communityRationale: in looking at confusion, key is strength to the actual consumersCounter: the more famous the mark, the greater the likelihood that consumers are sophisticated wrt that mark and will not be confused/tricked (Beebe believes)Example: Under Abercrombie, IORMYX should conceptually get more strength than COCACOLA because Coke is actually descriptive and the former is fanciful, doesn’t make sense in practiceVirgin Enterprises (2d Cir. 2003): almost all Polaroid factors favored Π, but clear that strength of mark weighed heavily in favor of ∆ to winEmpirical strength trumps theoretical strengthCourts explicitly found Π’s mark to be inherently weak, but commercial strong in 23 of opinions sampled  22:23, court found strength factor favored confusionBut!  Courts explicitly found Π’s mark to be inheres strong, but commercial weak n27 of opinions sampled, and 24:27, court found strength factor did not favor LOC.Policy Problem  big strong marks actually favored over smaller, weaker onesVirgin Enterprises v. Naqab (2d Cir. 2003):Facts: Virgin Enterprises sues Virgin Wireless for TM infringementHolding: Almost all of the Polaroid factors favored Π and therefore  LOCTAKEAWAY: The more famous, the less important the proximity of the goods factor(7) Likelihood that prior owner will bridge the gap  Not that important (BB)Courts widely ignore this factorWhy would we care?  If likelihood of confusion is empirical, then why does it matter if trying to bridge the gap?(8) Quality of Defendant’s product  Not that important (BB)BB  idiotic favor  more of a dilution factor than proximity issueThis factor will always favor Π.  If the same quality, then confusion.  If worse quality, then injures Π.Applying the Multi-Factor Test in Unique ContextsThe internet  internet actually increased LOCGoTo.com v. Walt Disney Facts:  GoTo sought preliminary injunction against Disney for use of the mark GoToHolding: In 9th Circuit there are only three factors, the Troika Factors; but this is extremely pertinent in the internet context!Takeaway: Internet “Troika” SimilarityRelatedness of GoodsUse of Web as market channelNote: In 2000, internet consumers seen as very unsophisticated  may have changed since thenPrivate Label / Promotional Goods  generic versions of goods often get found not tbe confusing as policy matter; facilitating generics trumps the testImplications of the Multi-Factor Analysis on POLICY Test-wide Questions:Which factors drive the outcome?  Which factors are irrelevant to the outcome?How do the factors interact?  Do the factors typically “stampede”?Inter-Circuit Variation?Specific Factors:What is the significance of evidence of actual confusion, particularly survey evidence?How do courts typically assess trademark strength?Judge-Specific Questions:Is there any relation between the ideology, age, gender, tenure of the judge, and the outcome of the test or of specific factors?Multifactor Theoretical Questions:How does legal analysis use multifactor tests?Extension of model to fair use factors in copyright law?Modes of Confusion: Can have more than One in Each Confusion Analysis(1) Point of Sale Confusion (most common)Most common, traditional form of likelihood of confusion analysis (2) Initial Interest Confusion  Classic Bait-and-SwitchWhere Junior user plays on goodwill of senior user in order to draw consumers inMcDonald’s sign on highway, but no McDonald’sArises most frequently on the internet, but movement away from finding initial interest confusion because it is so easy to correct  bad buttonPlayboy Enters v. Netscape (9th Cir 2004)Facts: Netscape “keyed” the TMs “playboy” and “playmate” to other Netscape advertisers and Playboy sued claiming initial interest confusionHolding: SJ can NOT be granted to web advertiser who uses a registered mark to key to other advertisersTAKEAWAY: Important part of case is concurrence  stating initial interest confusion is not found simply because consumer is given an alternative choiceLabeling not good enoughInitial Interest Confusion is rarely found by courts, ESPECIALLY on the internet because it is easy to click the back buttonGibson Guitar v. Paul Reed Smith Guitars (SCOTUS 2006)Facts: Gibson has TM on design of single-cutaway guitar bodyTAKEAWAY: Not available to product shapesBut note, 2d Cir. Would adopt Kennedy dissent/concurrence Shape must be an indicator of sourceCompare: different than BK putting up sign that says “McDonald’s Next Exit”Rather, Smoky-Bar Theory here: would someone be confused when looking across a smoky barroom to see the guitar?Rationale: Would make doctrine too expensive -> don’t want to give shape monopoly rights(3) Post-Sale Confusion  harm is “dilution of distinctiveness”Confusion created in third parties who will think that the products are the sameThis is somewhat similar to a delusion theory)Lois Sportswear v. Levi Strauss (2nd Cir. 1986) – Lois sold product with clearly different labels but an identical stitching pattern on the pocket2nd circuit found that this 3rd party confusion could influence stitching patternsSome courts still require point of sale confusion (see, e.g. Gibson v. Paul Reed Guitar), but moving towards allowing more post-sale confusion claimsRationale:Senior user still hurt in that some will buy the product in order to have other think they bought senior user’s productSales can go down out of concern that they are buying knockoffs as well People get sick of LVM because too many people have knockoffs!Ferrari v. Roberts (SCOTUS 1992)Facts: ∆ produces replicas of Ferraris using half fake partsHolding: 6th Cir. Found this would be post-sale confusionTAKEAWAY: Post-sale confusion CAN be found if, as owner is driving a ha fake Ferrari, OTHER PEOPLE will think it is a real Ferrari, and if it loks bad it will demean Ferrari’s imageCritique: isn’t this a tarnishment dilution claim?  Dissent says it’s basically anti-dilution by other means of of post-sale confusionToday: courts will rely on dilution in these casesMastercrafters Clock v. Vacheron & Constantin: Status symbol atmos clock v. electric version  INFRINGMENT,  not LOC at point of purchase, Πs trying to reap financial benefits from poaching goodwill (motivation of appropriation)Additional types of confusionConfusion as to Source: 2 products bearing similar TMs are likely to be confused only if both companies actually sell the same or similar productsE.g., Windows Paper Towels; Zazu Designs v. L’OrealConfusion as to Sponsorship/Affiliation: Use of TM may confuse consumers to believe TM-holder sponsors a particular unrelated productE.g., Olympics Sponsored Soup if TM is on soup canReverse ConfusionOverview: A senior (David) confronts a junior (GOLIATH)  Senior user that nobody really knows about is overwhelmed by advertising or other monster junior userHarm: consumers will think senior David’s product is coming from junior GoaliathDuel Use Exception – where the public and not the defendant appropriates a trademark for a larger use, trademark law will not stand in the wayIll. High School v. GTE Vantage (7th Cir 1996) – Ill. HS had trademark for “March Madness”; 7th Circuit refused to grant protection under reverse confusion doctrine because it was the public and not any junior company who appropriated the termNow NCAA has the right to use the mark, as does the HSA&H Sportsweawr v. Victoria’ Secret Stores (3d Cir. 2000)Facts: A& registered the mark “Miracle-Suit” for its swimsuit in 19992, Victoria junior user who by 1995 used its mark “miracle bra” in connection with swimsuits  A&H sued for reverse confusionHolding: 3d Cir. Reversed no finding of reverse confusion and remanded – so possible it will be foundTAKEAWAY: The Polaroid Factors (or Frisch Factors in 3d Cir.) STAY THE SAME when dealing with reverse confusion, yet some treated differentlyFactors that Remain – Frisch FactorsConsumer attentivenessDegree at channels overlapSimilarity of ProductsSimilarity of targets of parties’ sale effortFactors Treated DifferentlySimilarity of MarksDisclaimer by senior user may reduce confusion, but same disclaimer for junior goliath will have the different effect  may do the opposite or consumers will forget when looking at the senior user’s markPutting the “housemark” on junior goliath’s products will further aggravate, rather than mitigate reverse confusion because consumers will associate the housemark with “miracle”Strength of MarkCommercial Strength  in direct confusion case a commercial strong mark will work in favor of senior Π, in reverse confusion a commercially weak mark of Π will benefit Π  LOOK AT:Commercial strength of junior COMPARED to seniorAcquired Strength: Any advertising or marketing by junior goliath that resulted in public saturationConceptual Strength  Conceptually strong (Fanciful or arbitrary) weighs in favor of Senior David the same way as in direct confusionIntent of the ∆Though intent to confuse is less likely in reverse confusion, if intent is a factor (like wanting to push senior out of industry) will favor ΠFactors relating to Actual ConfusionLook at confusion where consumer thought senior was juniorHarlem Wizards v. NBA (DNJ 1997): NBA renames their DC basketball team “Wizards,” but the Harlem Wizards are a senior, but small basketball entertainment company  No LOC (but BB says could have gone either way)Dreamwerks Sci-Fi Conferences v. Dreamworks (9th Cir. 1998): Dreamwerks Conventions infringed by junior giant DreamworksPump v. Colins Mgt (D. Mass. 1990): Aerosmith album “Pump” and “Pump” band  No infringementLabo Enterprises v. Tunnel (SDNY 1988): senior “Tunnel Bar” sues junior “Tunnel”  NO infringementAndy Warhol Enterprises v. Time (SDNY 1988): senior interview magazine and jnior “interview” section of Time Magazine  No infringementD. Trademark DilutionGeneralTest Under TDRA (Lanham 43(c)) – owner of a famous mark entitled to an injunction or other remedy…against another’s use in commerce if such use (1) begins after the mark becomes famous and (2) dilutes the distinctiveness of the mark by blurring or tarnishment Can get damages upon showing intentional dilution§45 – dilution: lessoning of the capacity of a famous mark to ID & distinguish goods or servicesRecognizes the importance of the advertising function of a markOdal Decision (1924) – complainant has the utmost interest in seeing that its mark is not diluted; it would lose in selling power is everyone used it as the designation of his goods Marketing recognizes two important aspects of a brandBrand dominanceProbability that a brand will be recalled given its category as a retrieval cueBrand typicalityProbability that a category will be recalled given the brand name as a retrieval cueDilution cases (blurring in particular) focuses on stopping dilution of brand typicalitySearch cost rationaleA trademark seeks to economize on information costs by providing a compact, memorable and unambiguous identifier of a product or service. The economy is less when, because the trademark has other associations, a person seeing it must think for a moment before recognizing it as the mark of the product or servicePosner’s search-cost/efficiency theory Irony: some brands cannot claim dilution because they are too strong (Jacoby)But doctrine is meant to protect strong/famous brandsMust be famous to qualify under 43(c)May be a weakened claim today:Mattel case (Barbie Girl) – Court found parody exception applies to blurring or tarnishment whenever it is not purely commercial speech Statutory Sections\tParis Convention, Article 6bisTRIPS Art. 16(2)-(3)EC Trademark Directive, Art. 5(2)Development of Dilution Cause of Action Protection for famous marks from unauthorized users that attempt to trade upon goodwill and established renown of such marks  diluting distinctive qualityBorn in Germany  came to US through Frank Schecter  rational basis of TM protectionNo diversion of trade or harm upon which TM Π can sue  say that confusion itself (even for a second) is a harm that courts should seek to solve1946: Lanham Act contained NO anti-dilution provision1947: Mass. Enacts first state anti-dilution statutory provisionCurrently 36 states provide this, including NY1996: Federal TM Dilution Act2006: Trademark Dilution Revision Act (TDRA –§1125(c)(2))Included major reformsPro-ΠEstablished likelihood of dilution standardProvides that non-inherently distinctive marks may qualify for any protection2nd Circuit does not accept this!Explicitly states that blurring AND tarnishment are forms of dilutionPro-∆Rejects doctrine of “niche fame” – famous amongst consumers in local area or a particular line of products (e.g., Lexis – lawyers market – v. Lexus).Expands scope of exclusions: must be widely recognized by the general consuming public of the USExpanded scope of exclusions under 43(c)(3)Fair useAll forms of newsNon-commercialNeutralReconfigures fame factorsSets forth factors for determining blurring43(c)(2) – Dilution by Blurring or Tarnishment:Factors for “fame” prerequisite – §43(c):Duration, extent, and geographic reach of advertising and publicity of the markCourts will take into account ads by owners and by third partiesAmount, volume, and geographic extent of sales of goods offered under the markExtent of actual recognition of the mark Niche fame no longer counts!Whether the mark was registered THE CURRENT TEST  Π must show (prerequisite if FAME! – Factors  above!)(1) Association (Nikepal factors below)(2) That arises from similarityCannot be the similarity of the products or sales methods, but of the MARKS themselves(3) Between the ∆’s mark and the Π’s famous markThere also appears to be a USE OF A MARK requirement built into TDRA, but not all courts follow this(4) That impairs the distinctiveness of the famous markRead literally, mere associations is NOT enough  MUST impair“Dilution by Blurring” TDRA §43(c)(2)(B)  is an association arising from similarity between mark or trade name and a famous mark that impairs the distinctiveness of the famous mark.  (1) Demonstrating association and Similarity,  consider factors, Nikepal):Similarity between mark or trade name and famous markApplied a heightened standard – identical or nearly identical Heightened similarity standard now obsolete! (Levis-Strauss, 9th Cir)Would place undue weight on this factor in the analysisStatute does not say “very” or imply a heightened standard Degree of inherent or acquired distinctivenessInherently distinctive marks will be more evidence for plaintiffBut extremely famous marks may not be blurrable! (Jacoby study)Haute Diggity Dog – first example of an appellate court making this finding, but may be limited to parody cases Counter argument: the mark may be too strong for an individual defendant to dilute it, will create a slippery slope that will eventually dilute the markExtent that Π has substantially exclusive use of markDegree of recognition of famous markWhether ∆’s use is intended to cause associationNational Pork Board v. Supreme Lobster (TTAB 2010) – found likelihood of dilution for “other red meat” by lobster group in copying “other white meat”Here, ALSO liable for confusion; can be liable for both blurring & confusionActual AssociationNote: Some courts require 6 Factors PLUS Impairment (Factor 3), others only require Association2d Cir: leaning towards requirement BOTH  so move on(4) Demonstrating that distinctiveness of the famous mark is likely to be diminishedLouis Vuitton v. Haute Diggity Dog (4th Cir. 2007) – created dog chew toys “Chewy Vuitton”Did not impair/diminish because the copies were imperfect and signaled to consumers that they were copies/were not created by Louis VuittonAlso focused on strength of Louis Vuitton – would be hard to dilute!Also see this as an example of parody (below)Focuses also on areas of exclusion from liability under 43(c)(3):Any fair useDoes not really apply here but court bends over backwards to show parodyNewsNon-commercial Key: most courts today do NOT require showing of impairment, only require showing of association, applying the factors above2nd seems to require showing BOTH association and blurring (Starbucks)“Dilution by Tarnishment” TDRA §43(c)(2)(C) is association arising from similarity between mark and famous mark that harms the reputation of the famous mark (no factors in statute)Arises where a junior user undermines the image that consumers hold of a famous mark by using the mark to advertise unsavory productsDallas Cowboy Cheerleaders v. Pussycat Cinema (2nd Cir, 1979) – found dilution where pornographic movie implied Dallas Cowboy cheerleaders were participatingExclusions (Haute Diggity Dog)(a) fair use  nominative or descriptive, or facilitation of fair use, using mark other than as a designation of source for ∆’s own good or services, including use in comparative advertising or parody/criticism(b) news reporting and commentary(c) noncommercial use43(c)(6): ownership of valid registration by ∆ is complete bar to actionWhamo v. Paramount Pictures (Slip n’ Slide in Dickie Roberts) – silly use of the mark, but not capable of tarnishing it; was the actual productDilution by generitizationNo court has endorsed this theoryEvolution of Federal Dilution Cause of ActionRingling Bros. v. Utah Div. of Travel Dev. (SCOTUS 1999)Facts: Ringling coined “greatest show on Earth,” sued UT use of phrase  claimed dilution under §43(a)Holding: 4th Cir held only showing of likelihood of dilution need be shown under then state statuteTAKEAWAY: Example of early dilution case  no federal law on point, and inconsistency among statesAbout half of states had no anti-dilution protection, while in some only required “likelihood of dilution”Rationales for Non-Confusion Based Liability TheoriesFrank Schecter: problem of bad faith actors attaching famous marks on products and said that “selling power” of actual TM and brand differentiation is actually what awe are protectionLimitations of confusion claims as to source and COAIf there is no competition, there can be no unfair competition (Carroll v. Duluth Superior Milling – 8th Cir. 1916)Schecter: anti-confusion COA can’t reach all casesΠ would lose in sling power if everyone used it as a designation of his goods (even if no LOC) (Odal, 1924)Vagaries of Consumer-Perception Basis for LiabilityUnpredictability of the outcome for confusion based doctrinesSchecter: “This psychological element is in any event at best an uncertain factor, and the so-called ordinary purchaser changes his mental qualities with every judge.”Want more formal test to protect famous marks (get rid of intent, confusion, etc.)Current Anti-Dilution Theory  You have to THINK for a moment, and thinking is INEFFICIENT (economic argument)Search costs explanation (Posner)“A TM seeks to economize on information costs by providing a compact, memorable and unambiguous identifier of a product or service.  The economy is less when, because the TM has other citations, a person seeing it must think for a moment before recognizing it as the mark of the product or service.”Peterson, et. al. (1999): Brand Dominance v. Brand TypicalityBrand Dominance: probability that a brand will be recalled when its category is a retrieval cueTruck?   Ford.  Watch?  Rolex.Brand Typicality (this is more blurring): probability that category will be recalled given brand name is a retrieval cueFord?   Truck.  Rolex  Watch.Actual Dilution v. Likelihood of DilutionMoseley v. V Secret Catalogue (SCOTUS 2003)Facts: Moseley owned “Victor’s Little Secret” and VS sued for dilution  COA was TM infringement under §32, infringement under §43(a), and Dilution infringement under §43(c), plus state law causesHolding: SCOTUS held that the FTDA (prior to TDRA) through Lanham §43(c) requires showing of “actual dilution” in order to win and that §45 says NOTHING about “likelihood of dilution”TAKEAWAY: For a claim under FTDA, owner of FAMOUS mark MUST show ACTUAL dilution  cannot be likelihoodCreated Circuit Split: in order to show actual dilution, Π would have to either show (1) only that junior and senior marks are identical; or (2) that junior and senior marks are identical ALONG with circumstantial evidenceTODAY! TDRA allows for likelihood of dilutionLevi Strauss v. Abercrombie & Fitch (9th Cir. 2011): Plain language of §1125(c) does not require that Π establish junior mark is identical, nearly identical or substantially similar to the senior mark in order to obtain injunctive relief  RATHER, Π must show, based on factors in §1125(c)(2)(B), including degree of similarity, that a junior mark is likely to impair the distinctiveness of the famous mark  TDRA Case Law – BLURRING §43(c)(2)(B)Case LawNike v. Nikepal (ED Cal. 2007):Facts: NikePal provides products/services to science labs; survey evidence of actual association by Nikepal customers of Nikepal with Nike  what they would think of website called nikepal.comHolding: Nike prevails on feral and state dilution by blurring claims  Nikepal permanently enjoined from using NIKEPAL in connection with goods/services in commerce Federal Exp. V. Federal Espresso (2d Cir. 2000): Marks must be “very” or “substantially similar”  affirmed denial of PI based in part on holding that FED ESPRESSO was not sufficiently similar to FedExNat’l Pork Board v. Supreme Lobster (TTAB 2010) [PRECEDENTIAL]: “The Other Red Meat” for fresh and frozen salmon dilutes “The Other White Meat” for pork.”Hershey v. Art Van Furniture (ED Mich. 2008): unregistered trade dress  must be shown to be non-functional under §§43(a), (c); truck with image of Hershey-like wrapper unwrapping brown leather sofa and wrapper said “Art Van”Holding: finding no confusion, but blurringLouis Vuitton Malletier v. Haute Diggity Dog (4th Cir. 2007): LVM sues HDD alleging TM infringement, TM dilution; HDD manufactures plush dog toys – one is “Chewy Vuitton” little handbag  D. Ct. found parody – aff’dHolding: No LOC; more prominent a mark, the less susceptible to dilution by blurring (PETA cited)  LVM failed to make-out cases of TM dilution by blurring  failing to show distinctiveness of marks was likely to be impaired y HDD and productsTAKEAWAY: Focuses on TDRA 43(c)(3)Three main areas of exclusion from liability of dilution:(A) Any fair use including nominative or descriptive NOT used as designation of sourceHere, use as designation of source, so HDD doesn’t qualify (“TM-Like Uses”)  but account for parodic nature of ∆’s use in assessing likelihood of dilution(B) all forms of news(c) NoncommercialMead Data Cent. v. Toyota Motor Sales (2d Cir. 1989): Lexis used Lexus for dilution  considered COA for dilution under NY lawHolding: Lexis mark enjoyed only “niche fame” among lawyers, and thus not famous enough to qualify for anti-dilution protectionEmpirical StudiesMorrin & Jacoby: very famous marks apparently immune to dilution  calls TDRA protection justification into questionStandard Π Response: while ∆’s act alone may not dilute mark, if court allows ∆’s conduct, will create a slippery slope that will eventually dilute markBB: dealing with very small results; crazy way to measure distinctiveness by response timeE. Extension by Contract: Franchising and MerchandisingTMs are the “Cornerstone of a Franchise System” (Susser v. Carvel – SDNY 1962)TMs of franchisor is the identifiable symbol of continuity; presence of national brand at each location  franchisor + franchisee will come to TM license agreementFranchising mix of contractual and integrated characteristicsFranchisee may be tempted to “free-ride” off quality investments of franchisor and other franchisee by selling inferior products (customers come from far away, not repeaters)  but agreements prevent such outcome (ingredients, inspections, profit-sharing, etc.)Substantial rents or profits left to franchisee after franchisor’s cut  Incentive  system in franchise contracts is workingTurning Logos into Profit Centers: sports team logos, universities, other badges of affiliation and prestige  TMs were historically symbols representing, but now the product themselvesDe-materialization of products Consumers are buying an image; TM owner possesses rights in a symbol associated with certain qualitiesUpsurge and increased recognition since 1970s:Boston Professional Hockey . Dallas Cap & Emblem (5th Cir. 1975): finding unauthorized sales of team emblems violated Lanham Act, and granting permanent injunction  improper to permit anonymous 3rd party to profit from Π’s logoLouisiana State v. Smack Apparel (5th Cir. 2008): enjoining sale of t-shirts in university colors that didn’t include any TMs from universitiesFranchising and Dilution TheoriesAbility to sell mark/contract through franchise is one of the more important rights of TM owners But once mark is franchised, mark may be harmed if franchisee sells inferior quality goodsLogos pose difficult questions for trademark lawTrademark law protects marks only insofar as they are emblematic of the goodwill behind a productLogos make the mark the product themselves (ex: NBA); the consumer is buying an imageLending the mark to diverse products connects those products to the feelings the symbol evokesCourts began to accept logos as protectable in the 1970’sBoston Professional Hockey v. Dallas Cap (5th Cir. 1975) – found infringement where a company placed sports emblem on clothing without permissionDid not require a showing of consumer confusion as to source!F. Domain Names and CybersquattingGeneralCybersquatting: registering a domain name of a famous mark not to use the domain, but to sell it to the mark’s owner for a price in excess of the cost of initial registration Trademark law remains inept at dealing with this problemBefore ACPA, courts would sometimes find liability for cybersquatting under 43(C), which arguably had a bad effect on dilution law under the FTDA43(d) still not very helpful and most plaintiffs use UDRA instead Generally, internet reseller of product is okayTrademark law is not in the business of ensuring domain names go to proper ownersLooking only to single out the few cases in which the registration is clearly problematicAnti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA): Lanham §43(d)Basics – §43(d) enacted in 1999Pre-ACPA: Courts stretched meaning of “dilution” to protect TM ownersTwo Cause of ActionIn personam against the cybersquatterIn rem against the actual domain name where jurisdiction or just locating the cybersquatter are not possiblePETA v. Doughney (4th Cir. 2001): bad faith intent very easily shown; ∆ registered multiple other infringing domain names and offered to sell peta.org, both of which are very significant red flags triggering finding of bad faithMost Πs now use UDRP rather than §43(d) because significant faster and cheaperBad Faith Intent – §43(d)(1)(i)(I) the TM or other IP rights of the person, if any, in the domain name; (II) the extent to which the domain name consists of the legal name of the person or a name that is otherwise commonly used to identify that person;(III) the person's prior use, if any, of the domain name in connection with the bona fide offering of any goods or services; (IV) the person's bona fide noncommercial or fair use of the mark in a site accessible under the domain name; (V) the person's intent to divert consumers from the mark owner's online location to a site accessible under the domain name that could harm the goodwill represented by the mark, either for commercial gain or with the intent to tarnish or disparage the mark, by creating a LOC as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the site; (VI) the person's offer to transfer, sell, or otherwise assign the domain name to the mark owner or any third party for financial gain without having used, or having an intent to use;(VII) the person's provision of material and misleading false contact information when applying for the registration of the domain name; (VIII) the person's registration or acquisition of multiple domain names which the person knows are identical or confusingly similar to marks of others that are distinctive at the time of registration of such domain names; and (IX) the extent to which the mark incorporated in the person's domain name registration is or is not distinctive and famous within the meaning of §43(c)(1)PETA v. Dougherty (4th Cir. 2001) – Doughterty registered peta.org and set up a page “People Eating Tasty Animals” that was a parody of PETA and its goals; found for PETAEasy case for the courts because of clear evidence of two key factors of bad faith intent to profit under 43(d):Dougherty did this with other names as well (factor 8)Dougherty offered to sell the domain name to PETA at a hefty price (factor 6)Also found clear intent to confuse/mislead consumers into going to his site where there was harmful information to the mark’s ownersLamparello v. Falwall (SCOTUS 2006)Facts: ∆ maintains website critical of Jerry Falwall (slight misspelling of name in domain); considers TM through LOC and cybersquatting; considers if §§32 and 43(a) cover noncommercial speechHolding: No TM infringement; no LOC and no commercial intent/bad faith to profit Struggles to distinguish PETA  finds Lamparello different when use considered in full context because intent is to lampoon Falwall, and PETA was pretextualTAKEAWAY: Must have intent to PROFIT (Factor IV)  allow for “gripe” sitesUniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) + (ICANN)Domain name holders are subject to UDRP through terms of domain name registration contract with domain name registrarsRegistrars must require the UDRP in order to qualify with ICANN as domain name registrarsUDRP Paragraph 4:4(a) – Complainant must prove: (1) identity or confusing similarity; (2) respondent has “no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name,” and (3) respondent has registered domain name and is using it in bad faith4(b) – Bad FaithTelstra.org case: Australian company named Telstra and some guy registered the name, but was not doing anything with it  not using it in bad faith (just waiting – perhaps for money but no proof)Holding: this itself constituted bad faith USE of domain name  very important finding on behalf of Πs in these casesMost Common Dispute Resolution Service – WIPOWIPO’s statistics show very high complainant win rate  say there are very clear cybersquatting casesΠ selects the arbitrator  Πs will usually win in UDRP contextNo damages  Only transfer of registration of domain nameResellers’ Use of Marks in Resellers’ Domain NamesToyota Motor Sales v. Tabari (9th Cir. 2010):  “buyorselltoyota.com”  uses are generally nominative fair uses Seems to settled scattered case law on subjectTy v. Perryman (7th Cir. 2002): “bargainbeanies.com” for site that sold beanie babies  nominative fair useG. Indirect InfringementGeneralThere is no statutory support for contributory/vicarious liability Courts have accepted it as a form of statutory interpretation/policyMust have primary liability in order to have secondary liability!Two forms:Contributory liability:when a defendant who does not control the direct infringer purposefully induces or assists his infringing actionMust have knowledge and material contribution!Vicarious liability:Defendant somehow controls the direct infringer Based on theory of respondeat superior Less common in trademark contextKEY: There can be no secondary liability without primarily liabilityYou MUST first test for primary infringementThere are two main types of secondary liability (some courts use interchangeably)(1) Contributory Liability: arises when ∆ who does not control the direct infringer purposefully induces or assists his infringing actionsIntentional inducement, ORE.g., bribing pharmacist, advertising “they won’t know the difference” .v. merely suggesting (Ives)Knowledge and material contributionShowing has/dad knowledge of primary infringing acts and makes/made a material contribution to those acts(2) Vicarious Liability: involves situation in which a ∆ somehow controls the direct infringerControl (“right and ability to supervise”), ANDE.g., Hard Rock Café v. Concession Services (7th Cir. 1992): applied Inwood test for contributory test for contributory TM liability to operator of flea market  found operator would be liability for copyright infringement of vendors if it permits on its premises of knows/has reason to know vendor is acting / will act tortuouslyDirect financial benefitWhy does difference matter  Historically, vicarious liability was based upon the idea that master was responsible for servant (respondant superior), where contributory was built up next to and came laterE.g., Google v. Rosetta Stone Inwood Labs v. Ives Labs (SCOTUS 1982)Facts: Π had expired patent for cyclopasmol and ∆ manufactures generic drug in similar shape and similar colors which were sometimes distributed by pharmacists in bottles saying they were ΠS and were the same color as ΠsHolding: NO infringement under §32 derivatively or under §43(a) for copying the colorTAKEWAY: Case stands for proposition that if a manufacturer or distributor (1) INTENTIONALLY induces another to infringe a TM, or (2) continues to supply product to one whom they have knowledge is infringing TM, they are CONTRIBUTORILY LIABLETiffany v. eBay (2d Cir. 2010)Facts: widespread counterfeit Tiffany jewelry on eBay; question was whether eBay  had “knowledge” to trigger contributory liability – Tiffany argued “general knowledge” enoughHolding: eBay must have specific and contemporary knowledge of individual acts of infringement in order to fall within knowledge requirement  eBay was NOT contributorily liable for its refusal to take such preemptive steps in light of their reasonable anticipation (not willfully blind like Hard Rock  implemented policing policies)Πs must show the primary liability of auction sit users in order to assert secondary liability against the auction site itselfTAKEAWAY: Restates Contributory Liability framework seen in Inwood  also states vicarious as (1) the right to control, AND (2) direct financial benefitContributory liability framework requires SPECIFIC knowledge in second prongPOLICY: Relied on who was the lowest-cost avoider was for economic efficiency  judge ultimately decided it was TiffanyBB: unfair and unjust as most efficient outcome; consumer is lowest cost avoider  personal responsibility libertarian idealTiffany Response: can’t rely on consumer sophistication when issues of goodwill and product qualityEuropeans: would have put responsibility on eBay GEICO v. Google (ED Va. 2005): Π could not demonstrate that mere sale of keyword confused consumers, BUT  left open possibility that advertisers themselves might be liable for infringement if the text of ads were confusing, and that Google might be liable for contributory infringementIV. Defenses to Trademark InfringementA.  GeneralEven where a Π can show likelihood of confusion or dilution, a ∆ can escape liability by showing one or more affirmative defenses Affirmative defenses include:AbandonmentLachesAccepted UseFair useNominative Use (Non-Trademark use)ParodyB. Abandonment, Assignments in Gross, Laches3 Major Forms(1) Abandonment (MLB)(2) Failure to Supervise Licenses (Dawn Donut)(3) Rule Against Assignments in GrossStatutory SectionsDetails of Abandonment(1) Intent not to resumeRarely expressed, so may infer from circumstances3 consecutive years of non-use is prima facie evidence, but NOT conclusiveOwner may overcome presumption by presenting evidence that notwithstanding 3-years of nonuse, it nevertheless intends to resume useNOTE: §45 does not establish a requirement that the owner use the mark at least once in any three-year period  owner may not use the mark for a longer period of time, but still retain ownership provided that owner intends to resume at some point in the reasonably foreseeable future (Silverman)Silverman v. CBS (2d Cir. 1989): CBS claimed intent to resume use of TM “Amos ‘n Andy” when no longer demeaning to African Americans  abandonment of TM - must be sometime in the reasonably foreseeable future(2) Mark becomes generic / loses significance as mark / loses control of markIf it licenses the mark out to others without any attempt to control the quality of goods bearing the markQuality control requirements in US TM law are surprisingly lax  example of sufficient quality control is inspecting the manufacturing facility once/year or requiring licensee to send specimens annually to the licensorDawn Donut v. Hart’s Food Stores (2nd Cir. 1959) – found no abandonment by plaintiff in licensing out the mixturesDissent: true that Dawn Donut’s contracts gave them control over how the donuts were baked, etc but they did not ex. actual control – did not inspect the factories, etc. Must police, etc.Discussion in the dissent is the primary rule today.Assignments in Gross (see below)Applications of Abandonment DefenseHypo Facts:2000:  A begins using a mark and registers it2001: A stops using the mark2006: B starts using the markQuestions to ask here:Did A use the mark within the three consecutive years?  NOCan A show evidence of intent to resume use during the three-year period?Sports teamsThere will be a strong presumption in favor of the franchise owner for priority (Colts v. Metropolitican Baltimore Football Club, also see Rams Case)Major League Baseball v. Sed Non Olet Denarius (SCOTUS 1993): Facts: Brooklyn Dodgers moved to Los Angeles; MLB sues ∆ (corporate operators of 3 restaurants – “Brooklyn Dodger”) for infringement of Π’s TM; Looks at: (1) ∆’s use intentional copying in logo; (2) Π’s use limited to occasional retrospectives, never pub/restaurant; (3) Abandonment Affirmative Defense (preponderance of evidence) – TM is “Brooklyn Dodgers” not just “Dodgers” – Πs can’t show intent to resume use since leaving NY; (4) resumption would be limited to type of use since resumption (apparel, etc.)Holding: Court declines to enjoin ∆’s very limited use of TM by ∆’s for use in connection with local restaurant for older Brooklyn Dodgers fans in NYTAKEAWAY: You cannot warehouse a TM  even if you continue to renew registration, it must be used in a SUBSTANTIAL wayDawn Donut v. Hart’s Food Stores (2d Cir. 1959)  UNSUPERVISED LICENSESFacts: Dawn Donut alleged TM infringement by Hart; Hart counterclaimed to cancel Π’s registration of “Dawn” and “Dawn Donut” on ground that Π abandoned mark due to inadequate quality control and supervision on part of its licensees – retail bakeries that sold donuts made from Dawn’s mixHolding:  No abandonment by Π of its registrations, and ∆ not entitled to cancel TMsDissent: would instruct D. Ct. to investigate policing and cancel if insufficientTAKEAWAY: naked licensing (grant of licenses without retention of control) is invalid!  (DuPont v. Celanese)Requires: (1) Sufficient policing; (2) inspection of licensee’s operationsContracts may be sufficient, but cancel if operations not adequately policedRule against Assignment in GrossLanham §10: “A registered mark or mark for which application to register has been filed shall be assignable with the goodwill of the business by which the mark is used, or with that part of goodwill of the business connection with the use of and symbolized by the mark.”Assignment in Gross: Assignments of TM alone without any underlying assets or goodwillOriginally  very strictRecently  relaxedContemporary Rule: Operating in cases involving assignment of “soft” TM-related assets (customer lists, production formulas, and amorphous “goodwill)In re Roman Cleanser (6th Cir. 1986): validating transfer of TM in satisfaction of security interest in it, together with formulas and customer listsMoney Store v. Harriscorp Finance (7th Cir. 1982): assignment of Money Store TM by senior user for $1 not invalid  nominal recitation of “goodwill” in assignment contract, without any other assets was enoughC.f., Richard Posner & William Landes (1987): “assignment in gross” doctrine makes sense only in “final period” cases, where sellers of goods are leaving the market and hence do not care if consumers are disappointed by the low quality of the assignee’s goodsC.f., Japan: Private property rights in the TM itself  assignments in gross are valid even if totally divorced from any goodwill; TM rights are severable  may be assigned by class, providing goods of remaining classification would not cause confusion with goods assigned to the classLaches DefenseLanham Act has no SOL  ∆’s who might otherwise use that turn to lachesLaches: equity aids the vigilant and not those who slumber on their rights (NAACP v. NAACP Legal Def. – DC Cir. 1985)Requires Proof of… (Passenger Corp. v. Morgan – SCOTUS 2002)(1) Lack of diligence by party against whom the defense is asserted, AND(2) Prejudice to the party asserting the defense∆ must do more than merely show that it has continued to use its infringing mark during the delay period Tap Pub. V. Chinese Yellow Pages NY (SDNY 1996): mere continuing use of infringing mark without expansion does not satisfy requirementGenerally require expansion  substantially increased level of investment in promotion of the markProgressive Encroachment  Laches UnavailableProgressive Encroachment: ∆ formerly used Π’s mark to goods unrelated to Π’s, but has since expanded its use of the mark to goods related to the Π’sWestchester Media v. PRL USA Holdings (5th Cir. 2000): Π’s obligation to sue was triggered only when ∆ Polo Magazine expanded its content beyond news of the sport of polo and began to feature mainstream fashion and travel news closer to Π’s market (D. Mass – Π waited until some viable impact on its business is excusable delay)E.g., Harjo v. National Football: Disparagement challenge to “Redskins” failed because of Redskin’s laches defenseResidual GoodwillVery minor issue in US TM law  company abandons its mark or engages in 3-consecutive years of nonuse, but goodwill outlasts the use of the TM in commerceC. Fair UseClassic/Descriptive Fair Use: ∆ uses Π’s mark to describe the ∆’s goodsDefense provided that the name, term of device is a use  3 Prongs!Other use than as mark (advertising, packaging, slogan  but NOT goods identifier)Descriptive of the individual name of own business, party, or term Dictionary definition, commonness, no significant alternativesUse in good faith / Intent (KP Permanent Makeup)KP Permanent Make-up v. Lasting Impression (SCOTUS 2004)Facts: Lastings TM is “microcolors” for permanent make-up; 9th Circuit: cannot be held in good faith if consumers are confusedDefense of descriptive fair use can only succeed where there is NO LOC as to source  But!  That is the only situation in which ∆ would need to use the defense  can never be used!  SCOTUS says “defies logic”Holding: ∆ can win on fair use even if Π can show some likelihood of consumer confusion as to source; can still be found to have been fairly used in good faithTAKEWAY: If you can make out a FAIR USE DEFENSE, you DON’T have to prove NO LOC in order to win  even if some confusion, you can still potentially get fair useSteps for analyzing use of defenseFactsLOC TestIf no LOC  no need to go onIf LOC< then turn to affirmative defense of descriptive fair use under §33(b)(4)(1) used other than as mark; (2) accurately descriptive of individual name of business/party/term; (3) good faithApplicationsWonder Labs v. P&G (SDNY 1990): ‘“The dentists’ choice for fighting cavities” for toothbrushes is fair use of Π’s TM “Dentist’s Choice for toothbrushes”’Western Publishing v. Rose Art Industries (SDNY 1990): “golden” describing gold color of children’s writing slate not infringement of Π’s mark “golden” for children’s books an toysPlayboy Enterprises v. Terri Welles (9th Cir. 2002): ∆ was Playboy’s “Playmate of the Year” in 191; her use of words “playmate of the year” in title on homepage and in her advertising banners fell within class fair use  “Public persona is based on tittles and they accurately describe her.  Court can’t say she took more than was necessary to merely ID herself or her goods.”Car-Freshner v. SC Johnson & Son (2d Cir. 1995): image mark case  image marks can also have fair useKelly-Brown v. Winfrey (SDNY 2012): Oprah sued by “Own your power” for workshops and seminars after saying “Own your Power” on magazine coverNominative Fair Use: Where ∆ makes commercial use of Π’s mark to refer to Π’s productJudge Made Law  no statutory sectionRG Smith v. Chanel (9th Cir. 1968) (Seminole Case):Facts: Advertisement for knock-off perfumes, and recommends blindfold test between Chanel 5, and knock-offHolding: No statutory basis on the confusion side of TM law, but OK with this judge-made defenseRationales for nominative fair useNaming the TM owner – using the only word is the only reasonably available way to name the product/ownerConcern that TM owner’s rights not to hamper other’s access to languageNinth Circuit Test  New Kids on the Block v. News America Publishing (9th Cir. 1992, 900# voting for favorite NKOTB member): (1) Product or service in question must be one not readily identifiable without use of TM (like functionality),(2) Only so much of the mark or marks may be used as is reasonably necessary to identify the product or service, AND(3) User must do nothing that would, in conjunction with the mark, suggest sponsorship or endorsement by the TM holderHere, this was a newspaper and while they made money, there was no source identification function But ultimately, this makes confusion part of the analysis (rejected by 3rd cir)Second Circuit  Analysis Order: No clear doctrine on this, but 2d Cir. D. Cts have done:Polaroid LoC test FRIST (burden on Π) (no confusion  stop)If confusion found, turn to Fair Use, and apply New Kids Test (burden on ∆)Note: 2d Cir has not officially adopted New Kids factors, but still go through factors in practice balancing them outC.f., 9th Cir. Has ∆ claim fair use first, skips LOC; if they lose on Fair Use, they lose LOC by defaultThird Circuit Test  Century 21 Test (3d Cir.)  Multifactor Two-Step AnalysisPart One  Truncated LOC Factors(1) price of goods and other factors indicative of the care and attention that may be expected of consumers when making a purchase(2) Evidence of actual confusion(3) Length of time if any of use without actual confusion (4) intent of ∆ in utilizing the markPart Two  Modified New Kids Factors(1) Challenged use of Π’s mark is necessary to describe both Π’s product or service and defendant’s products service;(2) ∆ has used only so much of Π’s mark as is necessary to describe Π’s products or services; AND(3) ∆’s conduct or language reflects the true and accurate relationship between Π and ∆’s products or servicesFed. Cir. Applies DuPont Factors for LOCParodyGenerallyRecent trend has been an increase in allowing parody defense E.S.S. Entertainment v. Rock Star Videos (9th Cir. 2008) – Video game mocking “Pay Pen” with “Pig Pen”Develop a practice of allowing this and has become so common that there is no likelihood that players will see it as an endorsementCould easily have gone the other way (so rare that it is an endorsement)Satire vs. ParodySatire: targeting something external Will never be protected/not a defenseParody: uses of the work to target the work itselfProtected under trademark law unless it is purely commercial speech (Mattell)Inringement-based causes of action Apply one of the doctrines below, but all incorporate Rogers Analysis Rogers v. Grinaldi:  artistic titles to do violate trademarks unless:No artistic relevanceSome artistic relevance and specific misleading as to source or content Expanded beyond titles to all infringement based causes of actionDilution: apply Mattel’s commercial speech testMattel v. MCA Record (9th Cir. 2002) – BarBi Girl lyricsApplied Rogers v. Grinaldi to infringement claim If speech is not purely commercial, then it is entitled to full first amendment protectionIf there is ANYTHING other than the offer of a commercial transaction, non-commercial use exception applies and there can be no tarnishment or blurring under 43(d)One drop rule is not followed in all circuitsRepresents a huge weakening of dilution doctrineUnclear which approach any given federal court will take to parody doctrine – DISCUSS ALLDoctrinal Approaches to ParodyElement of Traditional LOC Test (primary approach) Most common test but certainly not a given that a federal court will apply this testSimply go through the normal Polaroid Factors, considering the use of the mark as a parodyRationale: a working parody will not create confusion!Hard Rock Café v. Pacific Graphics (WD Wash 1991) – parody is another factor to consider in the likelihood of confusion analysisTrue parody will be so obvious and heavy-handed…clear distinction is preservedCounter: making the parody strong-armed enough to avoid all likelihood of confusion will run the parody and make the point meaningless (Beebe)Different approaches to this:In some cases (9th Circuit, especially) – Rogers v. Grimaldi will replaced Polaroid where there is parodySome cases (2nd circ) – engage in Polaroid analysis and then look at Rogers as a defense If very clear, will not address because of strength of the affirmative defense ESS Entertainment 2000 v. Rock Star Videos (9th Cir. 2008): Grand Theft Auto video games sued by LA strip club claiming game infringed on club’s TM and TD  Court applies Rogers v. GrimaldiHolding: No TM infringement  when TM right clashes with 1st Amendment, 1A wins wrt artistic/creative judgmentMake it so people would never imagine it was endorsedSecond-Life Games  uncharted TM worldSmith v. Walmart Stores (ND 2008) – Smith made Wal*Ocaust and other offensive shirts based on the Walmart name and symbols shirts to mock Walmart Court found no likelihood of confusion because it was a clear parody and no actual confusion Never reached first amendment discussionMasterCard v. Nader 2000 (SDNY 2004): MasterCard sues Nader campaign for ad spoofing their “priceless” da campaignApplies LOC analysisDallas Cowboys v. Pussycat Cinema (2d Cir. 1979): porn featuring Dallas Cowboy cheerleader; action under 43(a)  got injunction (disparaging)LVM v. Haute Diggity Dog (4th Cir. 2007): parody is unlikely to confuseParody as Trigger of “Alternative Avenues of Communication” Analysis:Consider BOTH LOC and 1st Amendment Interest INDEPENDENTLY, then BALANCE these interestMutual of Omaha Ins. v. Novak (8th Cir. 1987): “We believe, however, that protection afforded by 1A does not give Novak license to infringe on rights of Mutual.  Mutual’s TM’s are form of property, and Π’s rights therein need not ‘yield to the exercise of 1A rights under circumstances where adequate alternative avenues of communication exist.”  Today this would be dilution claim and non-commercial speechBB: example of court reaching the conlucion it wants to reachApproach is borderline obscoleteParody as Trigger of First Amendment Balancing Test: FIRST, consider Multifactor Polaroid test, and THEN talk about expressive use balancing 1st Amendment interest with result  Even if some confusion, 1A can trumpNote: Make note of the Cause of ActionTest is in decline, but may be applied as a secondary prong after the court goes through a likelihood of confusion test (Cliff Notes)Rogers v. Grimaldi Test (2d Cir.) (Parody in Titles, Infringement-Based COA): involved Italian movie Ginger and Fred with 2 dancers clearly meant to be Ginger + FredHolding: No infringement because movie title was related to the movie  no artistic relevance to the title of the song and not misleadingTAKEAWAY: Literary titles do not violate unless:(1) No artistic relevant(2) Some artistic relevance and specific misleading to the source or contentDoes NOT apply to the dilution COAMattel v. MCA Records (9th Cir. 2002, Kozinski, Dilution-Baesd COA): Fact: Mattel sued over Aqua’s song “Barbie Girl”  - clear blurring,Holding: Barbie Girl is not purely commercial speech, and is therefore fully protected3 Statutory Exceptions: 2 don’t apply, but the 3rd ‘noncommercial use’ may  1-drop rule to dilution may have hugely weakened TMs often fill in gaps in our vocabulary and add contemporary flavor to our expressionsRogers Test:Use of Barbie in song title relevant to underlying workSong did not explicitly mislead as to the source of workTAKEAWAY: Where an artistic work targets the original and does not merely borrow another’s property to get attention, First Amendment interests weigh more heavily in the balanceCliff Notes v. Bantam Doubleday Dell Pub (2d Cir. 1989): Cliffs and Spy Notes  satire, but mad eSpy Notes put “A Satire” on the coverAppropriation of speech most effective when not-obviousLOC factors at end of multifactor test  taking into account that somewhat more risk of confusion is to be tolerated when TM holder when TM holder seeks to enjoin artistic expression such as parody”Degree of risk of confusion between Spy Notes and Cliffs Notes does not outweigh the well-established public interest in parody Appropriationist Speech: punchline is told at the end with appropriation  heavy-handed parody; estranging shows something and then slowly becomes clear that it’s appropriationProtect Marriage v. Courage Campaign: non-straight marriage organization pro-Prop 8 appropriated and changed same-sex marriage group’s logo to 2-women; same-sex marriage group sued over infringement of unregistered property rightTAKEAWAY: No LOC because parody  parody is not technically a defense, but aspect of confusion because successful parody will not confuseSmith v. Wal-Mart (ND Ga. 2008): battle of experts in LOCPossible Fourth: E.S.S. EntertainmentSeparated Rogers v. Grimaldi test from the First Amendment and applies it on it ownSimply asks:Is it a parody?Was it explicitly misleading? If not, parody defense applies Parody/Expressive Use – Walk ThroughThreshold Question: Is this SATIRE or PARODY?Satire  use of work to target something external  not protectedParody  use of work to target work itself  this IS protected under TM lawIs it a literary title?No  move onYes  Rogers v. Grimaldi TestDoes the title have artistic relevance to the work?Does it mislead as to the source of the contents of the work?Parody Infringement Analysis (state that this is probably 2d approach):Combine the Polaroid Factors with Rogers v. Grimaldi TestParody itself should not confuse consumers  Court can find some confusionParody Dilution AnalysisIs it purely commercial speech? (sole purpose to propose commerce transaction from Mattel)No  PROTECTED under §43(c)(4)(B) exceptionYes  NOT protectedV. International Issues in TrademarkA. OverviewMadrid System: procedural to make the process of TM registration more efficient around the world  submit application and it can be forwarded to other countries for registrationVI. Right of Publicity A. OverviewGeneralProtects an individual’s marketability or persona No federal right of publicity under the Lanham Act§43(a) – used to create a right of publicity but applies ONLY to the famous (celebrities) for whom there can be an argument that the name has achieved secondary meaningRight of publicity under state law Most states have either a common law or statutory right of publicity (or both)Rights fall into two main categories (detailed below):Property-based right of publicity (California)Descendible like propertyPrivacy-based right of publicity (New York)Not-descendibleMore applicable to non-celebrities TN special rule: descendible for 10 years and then continues indefinitely (Elvis!)Sources of LawThere is NO federal right of publicity statueBut, §43(a) – Closest we come: only applies to celebrities because it is a means of identifying a person’s identity with a product Can argue that name/image has acquired secondary meaning States have granted Rights of Publicity15 States have Codified Right of Publicity in Statute Including NY and CACommon Law16 States Recognize Common Law Right of PublicityNot in NY (Robertson v. Rochester Folding Box Co (1992))CA has both Statute and Common LawNew YorkNY Civil Rights Law §§50-51: privacy-based, non-descendibleAny person whose name, portrait, picture or voice…Used within the state for advertising / trade purposes …Without prior written consent…May …Seek equitable remedy to restrain useSue for damages for any injuriesIf ∆ knowingly used Π’s NPPV, jury may award exemplary damagesNote: Voice added in 2005 because of Midler and similar casesUnder statutory basis, courts rely on the language of the statute, not a general conception of rightsVanna White v. Samsung Electronics (9th Cir. 1992) – robot used in advertisement that looked similar to Vanna White, had the wheel (concept of things not really changing in the future)This was a CA case but how would it come out in New YorK?Robot was not her “name, portrait, picture or voice” – it was only creating the inferenceName, portrait, picture and voice do not come together to create “persona”Onassis v. Christian Dior-New York (1994) – she is in the backShe won because they actually used her faceClearly show privacy-function of New York law – in no way did this indicate endorsementCaliforniaCaliforniaStatutory and Common LawCal. Civ. Code §3344: property-based, descendible, assignableAny person who knowingly uses another’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeliness…In any manner, on or in products, merchandise, goods…For purposes of advertising/selling/soliciting purchases of products, merchandise, goods/services….Without prior consent, or consent of parent/guardian…Shall be liable…For any damages sustained by person/s, and$750 or actual damages suffered by unauthorized use, and profits not taken into account with original damagesMidler v. Ford (9th Cir. 1988) – Midler would not do Ford commercial so used a “sound-alike”Statutory right – CA civil code does not include a voice-sound alike provisionCourt took a highly restrictive interpretation; no property interest in sound of the voice, only in OWN voiceCommon law right – Midler won because voice was very distinctiveNancy Sinatra did not win in similar case (voice not distinctive enough)Property right basis much broader than privacy basisVanna White v. Samsong Electronics – she won in CAUnder New York privacy conception, could not have wonKazinski dissent: Insane to give property rights to celebrities based on the slightest indication of their celebrity First amendment protections should apply hereParody is key and protected (see above)Rationales for Right of PublicityPrivacy ArgumentsWarren & Brandeis (1890): lamenting technological/cultural developments in private sphere, advocated right of privacy to forbid publication of idle gossip and restore propriety and dignity to the pressNY (1903): banned unauthorized use of “name, portrait or picture of any living persons” for “advertising purposes, or for purposes of trade.”Very limited  celebrities exploit their image, so can’t stop other usesO’Brien v. Pabst (5th Cir. 1941): nationally famous football play who disapproves of alcohol had no claim against beer distributor that used his photos on calendar advertising product because Π had actively sought publicity in ther contexts2d Cir. – NY (1953): found right of publicity in NY common lawStephano v. News Group Pub. (1984): no right of publicity independent of privacy protections in NY Civil Rights Laws §§50-51.Economic ArgumentsLabor: people invest labor into creating a memorable “persona”  rewardBut!  Celebrities’ fame is product of fans, managers, agents, etc.Incentives: utilitarian purpose of providing an incentive for people to invest in creating and publicizing some sort of public good (Zacchini – SCOTUS 1977)Failure to protect celebrity’s image could produce congestion externality  value of image can be inefficiently depleted by oversaturation in the marketplace, which an exclusive right to exploit can preventFalse Endorsement: prevent unauthorized use of person’s name or other indicia of identity in connection with products or services where the use would generate among consumers the false impression that Π endorses the product or service AutonomyMark McKenna: publicity rights protect individual’s interest in preserving his/her ability to exercise autonomous self-definitionKantian/Hegelian view of private property as being invested with owner’s inalienable will/personalityWho is entitled to Right of Publicity?Non-celebrities (privacy): protecting persons from unwanted publicity (early cases)Eick v. Perk Dog Food (Ill. App. 1952): recognizing claim for unauthorized use of non-celebrity’s photo in dog food adRST 3d Unfair Competition §§46: evaluation of relative fame of Π is more properly relevant to determination of appropriate relief  private persons may recover  damages measured by value of use at market price ∆ would have had to payCelebrities (economic): persons whose names and likeness are commercially valuablePoliticians: Once they become public figures, they lose all right to publicity, except in VERY limited situationsObama: Weatherpoof image in Times Square, stopped when White House calledSchwartzeneger: used OH company over Governator bobbleBob Dole: without consent of ViagraPeople to whom rights have been assigned (economic): may require conflict of laws principles because not all states allow for descendibilityMarilyn Monroe: Mizrahi inherited Monroe LLC (MMLLC) license Monroe’s publicity rights; conflict of laws between CA/NY1970s  Courts said CL and statutory publicity rights terminate at death 1984/1999: Statutory response conferring post-mortem publicity rightsB. Indicia of IdentityRST 3d of Unfair Competition, §46 (d) – most commonly name/likenessRight of publicity is infringed by an appropriation of another’s identity for purposes of trade; use must be  Sufficient to identify the person whose identity ∆ is alleged to have appropriatedUnderstood by audience as referring to Π If visual likeness  Π must be reasonably identifiable from photo/depictionRelevant EvidenceNature/extent of identifying characteristics used by ∆∆’s intentΠ’s fameActual identification made by third personsSurveys indicating perceptions of the audienceTypes of LikenessVoice: Only Widely Known (professionals) with Distinctive VoiceMidler v. Ford Motor (9th Cir. 1988):Facts: Ford hired sound-alike to sing like Bette in commercialHolding: Only when a distinctive voice of a professional signer is widely cmt. appropriated what is not theirs and committed a tort in CA Π loses on statutory grounds, but wins under CA Common Law CA Civil Code  very restrictive: must be ACTUAL voice, but voice used was Hedwig’s  not all states would find this wayNOTE: presented LOC evidence (issue of TM LOC being read in  consumer confusion over Midler’s purported endorsement)Nancy Sinatra v. Goodyear: Goodyear used “Boots are made for Walking” with sound-alike for Nancy Sinatra  Nancy loses because does not have enough identity in her voiceVoice was not distinct enough to trigger right to identityPicture/PortraitOnassis v. Christian Dior-NY (NYS 2d 1984): Jackie sued for appropriation of right of publicity because face is hidden in background of ad with many well-known people in itAllison v. Vintage Sports Plaques (11th Cir. 1998) – First Sale Defense: ∆ purchased authorized sports trading cards and posted for sale  ∆ may lawfully resell images of celebrities that he lawfully purchased LikenessWhite v. Samsung (9th Cir. 1992, Kozinski Dissent): Vanna White robot in ad, but just a wig and letters, posture  not name, picture/portrait, voice  triggers right of publicityCL Persona Approach to right of identity/publicity  anything can evoke personaGoes too far with right of identity given to celebritiesAdds extra burden on creators of works to draw on celebrity attributesAllows celebrities to veto parodyWendt v. Host Int’l (9th Cir. 1997): animatronic robots representative of characters from TV show Cheers placed in barstools  actors retained publicity rights in their portrayal of fictional characters under CA law and NOT the producersPossibilities: Mere Evocation of a Celebrity  Hugely broadWalk/running style; characteristic gesture (Eastwood’s sneer); signature joke (take my wife); style of chess opening by grand master; shot/move/ technique by professional athlete (Tiger’s fist pump)  no end?False EndorsementRight of publicity claims are sometimes coupled with Lanham Act claims alleging false endorsement(1) Claim may amount to false advertising if all elements are met(2) Claim may violate Lanham Act §43(a)(1)(A):(1) Imitation of distinctive attribute of celebrity’s identityStandard would overlap with indicia of identity analysis(2) Connection with goods or services, or container for goods(3) ∆’s use in interstate commerce, and(4) LOC among substantial portion of relevant class of purchasers, regarding celebrity’s endorsement of goods/services; FACTORS:Level of recognition that Π has among segment of society for whom ∆’s product is intendedRelatedness of fame or success of Π to ∆’s productSimilarity of likeness used by ∆ to actual ΠEvidence of actual confusionMarketing channels usedLikely degree of purchase care∆’s intent on selecting the ΠLikelihood of expansion of the product linesDowning v. Abercrombie & Fitch (9th Cir. 2003): Πs (professional surfers) asserted right of public and false endorsement claims against A&F for including their pictures in A&F catalogue without consent  genuine issue of material fact on LOC, set forth factors aboveBut, Kournikova v. General Media (CD Cal. 2003): mere possibility that consumers may be misled is insufficient to prevail on an endorsement claimWaits v. Frito Lay: upholding false endorsement under 43(a) for ∆’s use of lookalike in TV commercial; $2.4M damagesOliveria v. Frito-Lay (2d 2002): not well-known enough to winWoody Allen v. National Video (SDNY 1985): didn’t endorse  won $11MC. Right of Publicity + the First AmendmentOverviewContent-Based Regulation TheoryContent-based Regulations of noncommercial speech  strict scrutinyExpressive Merchandise  t-shirts, photos, newsContent-based Regulations of commercial speech/content-neutral  intermediate scrutinyCommercial Speech Analysis  (1) whether speech is misleading/ promotes illegal transactions; 2) whether regulation serves important governmental interest; (3) whether regulation directly advances government interests; (4) whether regulation is narrowly tailored to achieve goals and doesn’t abridge more than needed.Economic Theory – First Amendment Rarely AppliesPublicity rights are a form of property1A doesn’t guarantee speakers right to use another person’s property to express speaker’s point of vCriticism: this would allow states to restrict expression merely be characterizing certain interests as propertyMore like IP Rights – No Strict ScrutinyIncidental Use DoctrineCourts say: “fleeting,” “incidental,” “insignificant,” or “de minimus” uses of names or other indicia of identity are not actionable because they are likely to have no commercial impactAligo v. Time-Life (ND Cal. 1994): Rolling Stone put photo of Officer Aligo holding club over student protester on cover, and Time-life aired 29-min infomercial with Aligo’s image on screen for 4seconds  Rationale: Incidental use has no commercial value; limiting would unduly burden expressive activity(1) whether use has unique quality/value that would result in commercial profit for ∆(2) Whether use contributes something of significance(3) Relationship between reference to Π and purpose/subject of work(4) Duration, prominence, or reposition f name/likeness relative to the rest of the publicationRestatement (Third) of Unfair Competition §47“The name, likeness, and other indicia of a person’s identity are used ‘for purposes of trade’ under §46 if used in advertising user’s goods/services, or placed on merchandise or in connection with services.”“For Purposes of Trade”  does not ordinarily include use of person’s identity in news reporting momentary, entertainment, works of fiction/ nonfiction, or in advertising that is incidental to such uses.” But, CA: does not explicitly except unauthorized use of living perosn’s identity in books, movies, and audiovisual worksSuggest some circumstances in which use of person’s identity in expressive work will violate person’s right of publicityIf name or likely used solely to attract attention to work that is not related to the person (e.g., Rosa Parks v. LaFace Records (6th Cir. 2003)(OutKast’s song)Appropriation of Modeling Services  use of photograph of Π in place of professional modelFirst Amendment and the Right of Publicity:  The Transformation RuleOften, defendants will raise First Amendment defense to the right of publicity Where First Amendment protections do apply, apply intermediate scrutiny (Central Hudson):Is it misleading?Regulation serves important government interests?Regulation advances government interest directly?Narrowly tailored?Test: is the work transformative?Zacchini v. Scripps Howard Broadcasting (SCOTUS 1977) (Read Narrowly):Facts: Π is entertainer who does 15-second human cannonball act – family business 50+ years; ∆ reporter filmed without permission and showed whole act on TV; Π claimed unlawful appropriation of Π’s professional propertyHolding: No violation of 1A/14A if state law were to prevent news from showing clips of this length of entertainment acts  1A/14A do not prohibit bars of news broadcasts showing things like full length of his act  like showing a whole movie in the theaterNon-celebrity v. Performer: here, economic concerns Broadcast of Π’s entire act poses substantial threat to economic value of his performanceAbility to reap rewards of endeavors – less reputational  “exclusive control over publicity given to his performance” – media can’t give it away for freeDissent (Powell): He made decision to be publicly known  can’t complain of routine news coverage consistent with 1A (privacy-based protection)TAKEAWAY: Publicity rights = incentive / economic value + exclusive control Problem with the transformative test: elitism (Jireh, McFarlene)ETC Corp. v. Jireh Pub. (6th Cir. 2003): painting of Master’s program showing Tiger Woods with previous winners looking down at him  limited edition serigraphs and lithographs had sufficient transformative elements to outweigh Woods’ assertion of right of publicityHoepker v. Kruger (SDNY 2002): museum reproductions of works of art incorporating Π’s photographic image – even on T-shirts and magnets, did not violate Π’s right of publicity under NY law because reproductions retained “essential nature of artistic expression” Simoneov v. Tiegs (NY City. Civ. Ct. 1993): sculptural work depicting model  artist may make a work of art that includes recognizable likeness of a person without his/her written consent and sell at a limited number of copiesBrinkley v. Casablancas (NY App. Div. 1981): unauthorized distribution of mass market posters depicting model Brinkley violated her right to publicityBlanche v. Koons (2d Cir. 2006): Breaking down distinction between satire and parody  satire acceptable as fair use in copyrightDoe v. McFarlene (MO Ct. 2006): hockey enforcer’s identity appropriated in form of a comic book “Spawn”  comic book loses, $15M damages and injunctionsLooking for Plus-Factors: Are there enough different evocations to bring to mind celebrity’s identity for sufficient number of people?Character named after Π; spin off merchandise to hockey fans; tough guy sports association; Affiliation with spawn character Comedy III Products v. Saderup (SCOTUS 2001): Facts: Comedy III owns all rights to 3 Stooges (deceased personalities), and ∆ is artist making charcoal drawings to create lithographs for t-shirts – earned $75kHolding: The right of publicity prevails against insufficient creative elements of transformation  must be transformed into something more than mere celebrity likeness or imitation (can’t merely supersede  must be new/transformative)T-shirts depicting 3 Stooges were noncommercial speech; reproductions are entitled to 1A protection, but must be balanced with right of publicityRight-of-publicity holder has monopoly on production of conventional, fungible images of celebrity (Cardtoon v. MLB – 10th Cir. 1996).1A Tension: (A) market place of ideas; (b) respect for individual development and self-realizationTAKEAWAY: When artistic expression takes form of literal depiction or imitation of celebrity for commercial gain, directly trespassing without adding significant expression, the publicity interest outweighs imitative art’s expressive interestsHoffman v. Capital Cities/ABC (9th Cir. 2001): Magazine article “Grand Illusions” had celebrities photo-shopped to wear spring fashions; Hoffman in drag; he sued  9th Cir. Reversed $3m+ award Holding: Π (public figured) need (and failed) to show “actual malice” in sense that ∆ knew/ recklessly disregarded that depiction was false Magazine appropriation of Π’s identity was ‘communicative’ not purely ‘commercial’ = highest 1A protectionNo falsity element in cause of action  Court assumed consumer confusion is proper rationale for right of publicityToffoloni v. LFP Publishing (11th Cir. 2009): brief newsworthy article incidental to private, nude photographs of pro wrestler’s murdered wife; photos unrelated to time / concept of current public interest news  photos outside newsworthiness exception to right of publicity VII. False Advertising, Product Disparagement, and Related Claims A. Economics of Advertising  Theories + Policy Implications: Mad Men v. the Suits (Culture Clash)1920s – Economic Theory of Monopolist Competition: advertising enables sellers to differentiate products  but may allow them to discourage market entry and raise pricesSuspicious of ads suggesting incorrect differentiationPolicymakers would want to strictly regulate even truthful advertising  but regulation is costly and 1A implications; if false and rampant, consumers will be less likely to rely on ads1960s – Chicago School (most influential): advertising provides social benefit providing consumers with valuable information (quality/durability/cost)  and lowers search costBut, how can this justify Super Bowl lavishness?Policymakers would want to target only false advertisingToday, academics pointing to confusion seen as weak (actually misogynistic)omplementary Theory (Bagwell/ Miller): consumers may value ‘social prestige’ and consumption of a product may generate greater social prestige when product appropriately advertisedBut, signaling effects of purchases are often socially wastefulResponses to False AdvertisingRegulation: FTC, Baby FTC, CL  Private Legal Response: Πs class actionsMarket Response: no repeat purchases if defraudedIndustry Self-Regulation: NAD + CARU responsible for receiving or initiating complaints / questions from any source of truth / accuracy of national advertising  monitoring and resolving disputesRationales for Advertising and Policy Implications of False Advertising LawConcern for over-deterring advertising and minimizing benefits of advertising B. The Common Law Approach to False AdvertisingCommon LawRequires “intent to deceive” (RST §761 – 1939) (unlike Lanham Act)Early Case – American Washboard . Saginaw Mfg. (6th Cir. 1904): absent proof that ∆ was deceiving customers into thinking that source of ∆’s product was Π (“passing off”), Π had no viable COASome allowed for misstatements of geographic originRestatement §761 – 1939One who diverts trade from a competitor byFraudulently representing goods which he markets haveIngredients or qualities which in fact they do not have but competitor does haveIs liable to competitor for harm caused if:(a) when making representation intends that it should / knows that it’s likely to – divert trade from competitor(b) competitor is not marketing his goods with material fraudulent misrepresentation of themEly-Norris Safe v. Mosler Safe (2d Cir. 1925, Hand): Π manufactured/sold safes with explosion chambers to stop burglars, public values this chamber; ∆ manufactured without chamber, but said  metal frame around door was to cover the chamber (deceptive)Holding: Competitor may not use deceit (geographic or descriptive) to attract customers; it’s as if Π had monopoly of explosion chambers and ∆ falsely represented that its safes had such chambersTAKEAWAY: Unlawful to lie about quality of wares in market  subject to action by buyer and competitors  no difference that ∆ sold goods as his ownConsumer would have gone to Π but for ∆’s deceitSingle-source theory to prove loss of salesMosler Safe v. Ely Norris Safe (SCOTUS, 1927, Holmes)Holding: If representation that safes had chamber is true, ∆ had perfect right to say that; but, if false, there is nothing to show that customers had they known facts would have gone to Π rather than other competitors in the market, or to lay foundation for claim of loss salesCompetitor in position to enforce; incentives uproot false advertising  better to eliminate or modify requirement that they prove actual harmC. False Advertising Under the Lanham ActStatutory Sources of False Advertising: Lanham Act §43(a)(1)(B)BackgroundAt time of Lanham Act, movement to “likelihood of injury” standard from “actual harm” standard was in full force Initially, courts read 43(a) as allowing for false advertising at all, even with its broad language 1954 – 3rd Circuit held that 43(a) applies to False Advertising\tNo actual harm requirementDid not extend to disparagement1988 revisions: included false advertising in 43(a)(1)(B) and includes commercial disparagementElements(1) False or misleading(2) Description or representation of fact(3) Regarding nature, characteristics, qualities, or geographic origin(4) Of Π’s or ∆’s goods (5) in commercial advertising / promotion, which(6) either actually deceives or has tendency to deceive a substantial segment of intended audience;(7) is material, and(8) used in interstate commerce, such that(9) Π has been / is likely to be injured as a resultDetailsNote: No “intent to deceive” requirement (unlike CL)False or Misleading + Statement of Fact2 separate sub-elementsStatements of fact  NOT mere puffery; must go to the heart NOT: opinions and omissions But! Omissions actionable if forms half-truth that communicates an untrue factBut!  Opinions if they are interpreted as stating / implying a proven factInsignia v. News Am (D. Minn. 2007) – Four Factors(1) statement’s precisions and specificity(2) statement’s verifiability (**May be most important)(3) social and literary context in which statement as made(4) statement’s pubic contextNature, Characteristics, Qualities, or Geographic Origin2d Cir: actionable statement must relate to an ‘inherent quality or characteristic of the product’Actually Deceived/ Tendency: Grouped with false/misleading element; survey evidencePresumed in most courts if statement is literally falseBut! Sanfield v. Finlay (7th Cir. 2001, Easterbook): requiring proof of actual or likely injury resulting from actual or likely consumer deception, even if statement is literally falseMateriality: but-for impact on buyingMay be entitled to rebuttable presumption if literally falseRepresentation is likely to influence prospective purchasers to some substantial degreeModes of False Advertising Liability(1 + 2) Literally False: Two Options – highly technical term of art(A) Literally False: False on its faceΠ is not required to present extrinsic evidence of consumer deception/ misleadingness or materiality  presumedSurdyk’s Liquor v. MGM Liquor (D. Minn. 2000): Test for Literal Falsity(1) Whether challenged ad conveys an explicit factual message, and (2) whether that explicit message is false Evaluate in full context of ad  the more suggestive message is, less likely there is to be literal falsity(B) False by Necessary ImplicationGrouped with above; may require contextual evidence to prove literally false, but does not require extrinsic evidence wrt deception and materialityClorox v. P&G (1st Cir. 2000): Considering the ad in entirety, audience would recognize claim as readily as if it had been explicitly stat4ed  necessary implication of statement E.g., “Longer engine life and better engine protection” – necessarily implies than competitorsUnited v. Clorox (8th Cir. 19998): Commercial claims that are implicit, attenuated, or merely suggestive cannot fairly be characterized as literally falseKey: determine by considering the ad in its entirety  Can be very difficult to distinguish between literally false & literally false by necessary implicationCashmere v. Saks (1st Cir. 2002) – demonstrates that determination of false by necessary implication is a very fact-intensive inquiryHere, assume they meant “virgin cashmere” making it false by necessary implication because the practice in the industry was to point explicitly state when it was recycled  NOTE: Literally false may be rendered true by context Schering-Plough Health v. Schwarz Pharma (7th Cir. 2009, Posner): ∆ made generic and FDA required using identical label as drug, including “Rx” despite getting FDA approval to sell OTC  No one is deceive, so no injury… if no one is or could be fooled, no one would be hurt (same rationale as puffery)  may have result of limiting (1)(B) to “bald-faced, egregious, undeniable, over the top” literally false by necessary implication claims(3) Impliedly False  Literally True/Ambiguous but Misleading by Implication:  Requires extrinsic evidence of consumer deception and materiality (survey)Johnson & Johnson Vision v. 1-800-Contacts (11th Cir. 2002): tying in with element (6) actual/likely deception, question is whether ‘substantial portion of audience’ for whom ad was intended would likely be deceived by statementMead Johnson v. Abbott Labs (7th Cir. 2000, Easterbrook): infant formula ads “1st Choice of Doctors” misinterpreted by consumers  TEST(1) literally true statements are misleading when they imply something that is false(2) whether claim is false or misleading is a question of act, law; and (3) on facts presented, Π’s evidence must support a conclusion by reasonable person that ∆’s claim was false or implied a falsehoodDetermine falsity/misleading with reference to the group to which it is addressed!Key: most courts will assume other elements are satisfied for both forms of literally false adsTrue or ambiguous statements that are misleading, courts will not make presumptionNote: courts generally do not require substantiation of defendant’s claims under 43(a)(1)(B)Plaintiff must instead demonstrate that statement is literally false or misleadingException: Establishment claims (surveys show…) require pre-existing substantiationCompare w/ FTC: Must have evidence substantiating all claims!Time Warner Cable v. DirecTV (2d Cir. 2007)Facts: Jessica Simpson “For picture quality this good, you’ve got to get DirectTV” but false because quality is the same; Shatner “(“settling would be illogical”); Internet ads grossly distorted poor quality of competitionFindings: Simpson statement is literally false; Shatner’s ad is false by necessary implication “unambiguously made false claim that competitor’s quality is inferior; But!  if language or graphic is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation, the ad cannot be literally false”Internet ads: “explicitly and literally false” but are not representation of factPuffery in Two Forms: (1) Opinion; (2) Overly boastful statement no consumer is justified in relying uponPizza Hut v. Papa John’s (5th Cir. 2000):Facts: Pizza Hut sues Pap John’s over slogan “Better ingredients.  Better Pizza.” Major issue is whether slogan has been ‘tainted’ by comparative adsSlogan Alone: puffery and all pizza companies do it; can’t rely on itHolding: Slogan used in connection with statements about sauce/dough comparisons takes on characteristics of statement of fact, but this is not materialNote: if you want damages in addition to injunction, courts will require more of a showing AT&T v. Verizon: AT&T claimed Verizon ad made it look like AT&T has no wireless coverage, but Verizon said it emphasizes 3G CoverageTambrands v. Warner-Labert (SDNY 1987): fast pregnancy test commercial; impliedly false claim (10 min if pregnant, but 30 if not pregnant)  challenged and found to be misleading with survey evidence  commercial enjoinedLiterally false statements that are not representations of fact are not actionable under 43(a)Not statements of fact:Three Non-FactsOpinionsActionable if they can reasonably be interpreted as stating/implying provable factOmissionsPuffery 4 Factors Distinguishing Puffery from Statement of Fact:Precision and Specificity of the statementVerifiabilitySocial or literary contextPublic contextExamples: “best in the world”Note: Puffery/opinions can become tainted by other elements of the ad and become a statement of factPizza Hut v. Papa Johns – slogan; found it to be SO tainted, that the lower court issued an injunction against the slogan forever, even outside of that context  had become a statement of fact!Note: found no evidence of materiality Must relate to goods/services/commercial activities in advertisementsSome courts have construed this to mean it must be a core element of the productOthers are more lenient: claiming hold a patent, etc is actionable Rationale for “fact” requirement:Purpose of false advertising provisions of the Lanham Act is to protect the sellers from having their customers lured away from them by deceptive advertising If no one can be fooled, no one is hurt!Actual Deception/Tendency to Deceive Literally false: courts will presume deception Misleading: Plaintiff must offer some evidence of actual or likelihood of deception Generally use same survey evidence used to show misleadingKey: whether a substantial portion of the relevant audience is likely to be deceivedGenerally seen as a reasonable person standard Note: Pizza Hut court conflated actual deception factor with materiality factor; also often combined with actual/likelihood of injury MaterialityWeakened materiality standardNeed to show that false/misleading statement likely influenced perspective buyersDo not need to show that customers would have changed their purchasing decisionsMixed question of law and fact (commenters; Courts have not said)Rebuttable Presumption of materiality for literally false claims onlyPizza Hut v. Papa Johns – though statement found to be misleading, plaintiff showed no evidence that it was material to consumersKey: Court indicated that if the statement was literally false, rather than misleading, plaintiffs would have been entitled to a rebuttable presumption of materiality Used in Interstate CommerceBecause it is an ad, usually easy to satisfy Establishment Claims + Substantiation:Most §43(a) actions: ∆ not initially required to come forward with evidence substantiating its claims, but MUST for establishment claimsException: Establishment claims (“Surveys show…”) require the ∆ to have pre-existing evidence substantiating establishment claims (surveys, data)In FTC actions, ∆ must have evidence substantiating all claimsD. False Advertising under the Federal Trade Commission ActOverviewFTC has authority to challenge anti-competitive practices as (1) “unfair methods of competition,” and  (2) to challenge “unfair trade practices” and “deceptive practices” that affect interstate commerceUnfair trade practices: wide variety of practicesDeceptive Trade Practice: more narrowly to false advertisingMay investigate matters and issue Civil Investigative demands, may propose consent order, if rejected,  then vote whether to issue a formal complaint  goes to ALJ  appeals to Full Commission and then to appellate courtSeeks remedy in cease and desist but may seek other injunctive relief such as compelling firm to provide consumers with refundsMay request firm take out corrective ads or be assessed civil penaltiesNo PRAStatutory Authority – FTC Act §§5 and 12Elements of FTC Action: (1) REPRESENTATION; (2) MISLEADING: (3) MATERIALITYThe respondent must make a (1) representation, omission or practice that is likely to be misread (2) consumers acting reasonably (3) in a way that is material to such consumers’ purchasing decisions.Representation: FTC does not generally require extrinsic evidence to establish interpretation of representation; relies on expertiseFocus on expertise rather than survey evidenceMust substantiate representation ex ante (no presumption of validity)Focus on entire advertisement, not just words in question (FTC Policy Statement)True advertisement may not cure a false headline where a reasonable consumer (see below) will only glance at the headlineCuring disclosures must be clear and may not be detracting from my other elements Includes omissions: Key difference with 43(a)(1)(B): Most common in “bait and switch” cases where offer is not bona fideReasonable Consumer: If one of multiple meanings is false, then seller is liable for that false meaning; judge wrt target groupWhen consumers can evaluate product or service, it is inexpensive, and frequently purchased  little incentive for sellers to misrepresent because incentives to encourage repeat purchasesCurrent Standard: Reasonable Consumer Standard (FTC Policy paper, Cliffdale Assoc. 1984))Key: reasonable consumers acting reasonably in the appropriate contextFocus on targeted group: different standard for children vs. professional (drug advertisement to doctors, less easily deceived)If there are several reasonable interpretations, only one must be misleading for liability Note: Cliffdale Assoc. represents the end of 1960’s visceral reaction to advertising Materiality: representation pertaining to certain categories (express claims; pertaining to central character) are presumptively material; may require evidence that claim or omission is likely to be considered important by consumersInjury: finding materiality  is also finding that injury is likely  different names for same concept because injured if would have chosen differentlyFTC Policy statement: material if it: is likely to affect the consumer’s conduct or decision re: product or serviceOld rule: anything consumer would find important, regardless of reliance Some cases it can be inferred; in others will have to be shown with evidence Intent to convey the message brings presumption of materiality (Kraft)“Wayfaring Fools” Test – Charles of the Ritz v. FTC (2d Cir. 1944):Commission may “insist upon the most literal truthfulness” in advertisements,” and should have undisturbed discretion to insist if it chooses upon a form of advertising clear enough so that “wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein.”Today – FTC “Deceptive” Definition Policy: Practice is deceptive if.(1) has tendency/capacity to mislead;(2) substantial number of consumers (more rigorous than “wayfaring fools”)Old Figure: about 20-25% consumers likely to be deceived is okayNow: reasonable Consumer Standard (Chicago Influence)(3) Material way  Southwest Sunsites v. FTC (9th Cir. 1986): Each of 3 elements of new standard imposes a greater burden on FTC to show violation of §5(1) FTC must show PROBABLE not possible deception(2) FTC must show potential deception of “consumers acting reasonably in the circumstances” and not just any consumers(3) Only deceptions that are likely to cause injury to reasonably relying consumer are material (unlike old standard not requiring reliance)Kraft v. FTC (7th Cir. 1992, Flaum) (BB: Weak Case)Facts: FTC found Kraft violated §§5, 12 with ad; 2 claims (1) milk equivalency claim (5oz of milk), and (2) imitation superiority claim (more milk than other slices)Holding: Order is enforced; finding of violations is supported by the evidenceFTC Policy  Net Impression + 3-Part Inquiry for Reasonable Consumer: (1) What claims are conveyed in the ad; (2) are those claims false or misleading; and (3) are those claims material to prospective customers?Relies on “reasonable consumer” (average) (Cliffdale Assos.)Grants presumption of materiality (1) Express claims; (2) implied claims where evidence that seller intended to make the claim; (3) claims that significantly involve health, safety, or other areas of concern for reasonable consumer Evidence of consumer reliance  materiality/injuryEvidence of Kraft’s increase in market share  infer imitation superiority message, as central theme of ads, contributed to increased salesConcurring: Concern that FTC can avoid extrinsic evidence by simply concluding that deceptive, implied claim is facially apparent  questionable expertiseTAKEAWAY: Even literally true statement s can have misleading implicationsAdvertising Substantiation – FTC Policy, Appended to Thompson MedicalMay be brought under §5 “Deceptive trade practices” or “Unfair Trade Practices” Unfair Trade Practices: contemplates cost-benefit analysis; 3 Factors - Sperry & Hutchinson:(1) Whether practice injures consumers- MOST IMPORTANTSubstantial (not speculative); not outweighed by competitive benefits (2) Whether it violates established public policyPolicy established by statue, common law, industry practice(3) Whether it is unethical or unscrupulous Immoral, oppressive = UNFAIR; such practices will almost always injure consumers and violate public policy tooReasonable Basis RequirementFailure to possess reasonable basis  unfair and deceptive act/practice in violation of §5 Advertisers / ad agencies must  have reasonable basis for claims before disseminatedVigorous enforcement of existing legal requirement  substantiate express and implied claims, however conveyed, that make objective assertions about the item or service advertisedObjective claims represent explicitly or by implication that advertiser has reasonable basis for claims  consumer relianceThompson Medical v. FTC (DC Cir. 1986) (BB: Crazy Outcome): Facts: Thompson sells OTC pain reliever cream (Aspercreme) for arthritis; no aspirin but ads suggests they’re related – shows aspirin tablets; ALJ reviewed 6500 pages evidence and issued 127 page finding Thompson liable  lacked reliable and credible information for reasonable basis for efficacy claims; represented better than aspirin and scientifically proven efficacyReasonable basis: Establishment claims: must have level of proof claimed in adFTC would require 2 clinical studiesQuestion of fact within FTC’s expertiseNon-Establishment (e.g. efficacy): more flexible analysisGenerally no pre-existing substantiated neededFTC downplays distinction, but no prior case requiring clinical testing to support non-establishments FTC has expertise to gauge what’s needed to substantiate claimsFTC: actual deception need not be shown; tendency to deceive determined by net impression it is likely to make on viewing public; literally true can be deceptive if misleadingMay rely on own reasoned analysis without consumer surveysHolding: FTC adequately considered a large mass of technical evidence and reasoned analysis reached proper finding of deceptive ads TAKEAWAY: MUST REFRAIN from saying it’s EFFECTIVEStandards for Prior Substantiation: Needed for Establishment ClaimsFactors:Type of claimProductConsequences of false claimBenefits of truthful claimCost of developing substantiation for the claimAmount of substantiation experts in field believe is reasonableExtrinsic evidence: expert testimony or consumer surveys is helpfulAdvertisers on notice that must have reasonable basis even for implied claimsProcedures for Obtaining SubstantiationNonpublic requests for substantiation directed to individual companies or civil investigative demand, if necessaryRelevance of Post-Claim Evidence in Substantiation Cases: Flexible EnforcementRely on post-claim evidence to…Evaluate appropriate policy of enforcement / public interestAssess adequacy of substantiation at time claim was made exposing deficiencies in materials Determine need or scope of order to be entered against firm lacking reasonable basisSelf-Regulation Groups and Government AgenciesClose working relationships with self-regulation groups and government agencies Will not necessarily defer to finding of self-regulation groupCommission makes its judgment independently, evaluating each case on meritsMay rely on expertise and findings of other groups and government agencies Endorsements and TestimonialsBackground  rules have become much stricter1970’s: FTC published first set of guidelines1980: AmendedSeen as created safe harbor for “results my vary”Ex: Jared the subway guy2000 AmendmentEliminates safe harborConcern: will limited ability for advertisers to create aspirational adsDiscusses blogging  OK if telling of own opinion or experiences factually2009 Guidelines  comprehensive attempt to address internet advertising and viral marketingFTC Guides Concerning use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (2009)Endorsements must reflect the honest opinions, finding, beliefs, or experience of the endorserRequirements for Permissible EndorsementEndorsements may not convey deceptive representationsCan’t convey any express/implied representation that would be deceptive if made directly by advertiserSubject to Substantiation“An advertiser may use an endorsement of an expert or celebrity only so long as it has good reason to believe the endorser continues to subscribe to the views presented.” (§255.1(c))E.g., building contractor loves house paint  must confirm still believes it’s great / bona fide user before userE.g, administrative assistant of 10 years may be expert endorsement of keyboard Endorser Liability – §225.1(d)Experts and celebrities (and BLOGGERS) may be personally liable for any misrepresentations they express (Garvey – actual opinion)E.g., celebrity + 30 min chicken cooker that takes 60 minBloggers: To limit potential liability, advertiser should ensure advertising service trains bloggers concerning need to ensure statements are truthful and substantiated  advertiser has responsibility too!Advertiser Liability – Consumer Endorsements – §255.2Consumer endorsements must be substantiatedEndorsement MUST disclose “generally expected performance” (“typicality”)Use of actors must be “clearly and conspicuously disclosed” If ad says “actual consumer,” MUST be ACTUAL consumer or discloseMUST DISCLOSE if circumstances to obtain endorsement would materially affect the weight/credibility of endorsementE.g., Restaurant “spontaneous” patron, but informed of potential interviews before entering, but do NOT have to disclose if informed of hidden camera only after interviews completed even if compensatedDisclosure of Material Connections – §255.5Pharmaceutical researchCelebrity EndorsementsTV Commercials  do NOT need to disclose ($ is assumed)Social Networking  MUST disclose (consumers might not realize $)Physicians (financial motivation shouldn’t materially affect credibility)ActorsBloggers, forum posters (receive merchandise / compensation for reviews)Viral marketers (kids with SWAG on playground)RECAP:Don’t say anything through endorsement that advertiser couldn’t say directly“Actual” must be ACTUALFocus on TYPICALITY for resultsThink about consumer impressions  Social media v.  TV commercials; street teams/bloggers; medical field If there are incentives that would materially affect the weight or credibility of endorsement  CLEARLY AND CONSPICUOUSLY DiscloseFTC v. Garvey (9th Cir. 2004):Facts: Weight loss system by Enforma – 2 dietary supplements – hired Modern Media for 2 infomercials – hired Garvey (retired 1st basement LA Dodgers) to star and be spokesperson  gave him and wife supply for 4 weeks, he lost 8 lbs and wife lost 27lsb  received script 2 days before filming, read from script; aired 48k times across US over 18 months; also made radio/TV appearances to promote  FTC said violated §§5 and 12D. Ct.  Garvey can’t be liable as ‘endorser’ because no evidence showing statements not good faith belief/opinion, and reasonable substantiationHolding: Not liable as ‘endorser’ or ‘direct participant’ under the GuidesDirect Participant Liability: Injunctive Relief: individual may be subject to injunctive relief if direct participation or authority to control them; Restitution: requires actual knowledge of material misrepresentations or reckless indifference to falsity; or awareness of high probability of fraud and intentional avoidance of truthReasonable basis collapses into knowledge requirement for restitution  what did individual know when making claims?Garvey’s experience  REASONABLE BASIS for claimsEndorser Liability / Endorsements: must reflect honest opinions, findings, beliefs or experience  Garvey only shared his actual experiences with weight loss with Enforma, so substantiated TAKEAWAY – ENDORSER LIABILITY: No intent requirement; no need to show ∆ intended to deceive customers  STRICT LIBAILITY COATAKEAWAY – DIRECT PARTICIPANT LIABILITY:Actual Knowledge or Recklessly Indifference to truth of statementsAware that fraud was highly probably and intentionally avoided truthE. “Little” or “Baby” FTC ActsState Statutes Targeting Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices (rise in 1960s)Most have State AG public enforcement (like FTC)Many (not all) provide for private enforcement by competitors / businesses (like Lanham)Typically confer PRA upon consumers who purchased for personal use for practices, including false ads (UNLIKE FTC + Lanham), MAY ALSO:Enhance RemediesMake it easier for consumers to proceed than if using common law claimsProvide claims based on violations of state administrative regulationsState Regimes differ along 3 Critical DimensionsStanding to sueScope and extent to which they look to applicable federal law (Lanham/FTC)RemediesChoosing Baby Acts over Federal Acts: State Acts are NOT PreemptedStanding easier under Little FTC than under LanhamLanham Act requires actionable conduct in interstate commerceRemedies may be easier, and Lanham does not provide PUNITIVE damagesFDA Preemption – REJECTED: ∆s may argue that Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) preempts state (or even federal advertising laws)  REJECTED (Altria Group v. Good (SCOTUS 2009))Lanham Act claims should not (generally) be precluded on basis of FDCA law as long as Lanham claim can be resolved without reference to that body of lawSchwarz Farm v. Breckenridge Pharm (ED Wis. 2005): mere FDA regulation of a term does not necessarily bar all Lanham Act claims that pertain to that term F. Commercial Disparagement and False AttributionOverviewCommercial Disparagement: publication of false statements about another’s personal property or business AKA: Product disparagement, business disparagement, injurious falsehood, slander on title, and trade libelTwo BranchesCommon Law (older):Offshoot of False Advertising (newer):Common Law Commercial Disparagement – Important because §43 is limitedRST 2d Torts – Defamation Elements:(1) ∆ published(2) Defamatory Statement(3) Concerning ΠOld Common Law Defamation  strict liability with truth as defense∆ shouldered burden of proving statement was trueDamages could be presumed for statement that was defamatory on its facePer se Defamatory: Π’s character for dishonesty, fraud, unchastity, reprehensible personal characteristics, or professional incompetenceInjurious statements about a person’s reputation/character seriousCurrent Defamation Standard: Officials or public figure Πs must prove falsity + “actual malice” by clear and convincing evidence (NYT v. Sullivan – SCOTUS 1964)Actual malice = knowing falsity or reckless disregard for the truthCommercial Disparagement: More difficult to prove than defamationInvolves statements about important things Higher bar for Πs commercially because business bad mouth each otherΠ must prove (1) Intent, (2) Falsity, (3) Special DamagesSTEPS for COMMON LAW Commercial Disparagement(1) Elements Π Must Prove (Paidar – Minn. 2000)Publication by ∆Disparaging wordsOf and concerning the ownership, quality, or other characteristics of Π’s goods, services, or propertyFalsityIntentSpecial Damages: Pecuniary loss resulting directly + immediately from effect of conduct of third persons and expense of measures reasonably necessary to counteract the publicationSpeculative damages precluded, BUT, evidence that Π lost specific sales or growth opportunities can support damages award“Malice” – varies by state, some presume after showing first 6 (burden shifts to ∆), some states require Π to proveRST 2d Torts §623A - Malice: (1) ∆ knew falsity / acted recklessly wrt falsity; (2) ∆ motivated by ill will towards Π; (3) ∆ intended to interfere with economic interest of Π in unprivileged fashion(2) ∆ Qualified/Conditional PrivilegesProduct comparisons: puffery, unless false wrt unfavorable factsRival claimant: ∆ claims he not Π owns property  must be subjectively honest and in good faithCommon interest: speaker reasonably believes publication protects/furthers common interest – reasonable + good faithSpeaker’s interest: sufficiently important interest + reasonably believes publication necessary to protect/further interestRecipient’s interest: reasonable belief that information affects important interest of recipient + obligation to inform recipient Fair Comment: privilege limited to statements of opinion  today, opinions absolutely privileged, so little applicability(3) Π can prove ∆ abused privilegeProof of malice: negates ALL conditional privileges, except for product comparisonExcessive (more than reasonably necessary) PublicationLanham Act §43(a) – “Depictions or Representations concerning His or Another’s Goods, Services, or Commercial Activities”  Elements the same as False Ads, but Π’s goods “Commercial Activities” of Π  - Should be construed broadly (P&G)Congress did not intend to narrowly limit term, but indeed to encompass those activities which do not solely involve provision of services / production of goods “Commercial Advertising or Promotion” by ∆  – Gordon & Breach (SDNY 1994)(1) Commercial speech(2) by ∆ who is in commercial competition with Π(3) for purpose of influencing consumers to buy ∆’s goods or services, and(4) disseminated sufficiently to the relevant purchasing public to constitute advertising/promotion within that industry Need not be classic advertising campaign; may consist of informal promotion7th Cir: form of promotion to anonymous recipients, as distinguished from face-to-face communication and relies on prefabricated promotional material Note:Reactive badmouthing of a competitor over the counter does not rise to commercial speech (Fendi)Mere fact that speech contains other elements does not transform it from commercial speech (P&G)False statements alone not sufficient absent commercial advertising/promotion (Oprah)Major CasesP&G v. Haugen (10th Cir. 2000): Facts: Haugen (Amway rep) spread rumor about P&G (competitor) supporting Lucifer over industry distribution networkHolding: SJ improvidently granted for ∆  P&G has claim for commercial disparagementCommercial Activities: extends to association with Lucifer claimsCommercial Speech: Yes, Gordon & Breach factors + message’s promotion of ∆’s products at expense of P&G’s  patently fallacious message here = commercial speech, okay by 1A On remand, D. Ct. later awarded $19.25MFashion Boutique of Short Hills v. Fendi (2d Cir. 2002)Facts: Π alleges commercial disparagement – former seller of Fendi products, ruined when Fendi opened on Madison Ave, claimed Fendi employees told customers Π sold bogus bags – in-person and rumorsHolding: Π failed to prove ∆s actions constituted “commercial advertising or promotion”  more than traditional ads, but not so broad as to encompass all commercial speech; not face-to-face communication unless Proactive policy to disparage, or Reactive to customers and ∆ maintains well-enforced policy to disparage its competitor each time mentioned by a customerSpecial Issue – False Statements about Health Risks of Food – “Food Disparagement”Some states devised their own statutes after food industry fall-outsAuvil v. CBS “60 Minutes” (9th Cir. 1995): JMOL for ∆s because Πs didn’t prove statements made during broadcast were false (Alar chemical may cause cancer)Texas Beef v. Winfrey (5th Cir. 2000): JMOL because Πs failed to show ∆s had not knowingly disseminated false information  didn’t show her comment was ‘commercial advertising or promotion;’ reserved judgment whether TX statute applied to fed cattle as “perishable food product” Commercial Disparagement Claims based on False Accusations of Infringement∆ falsely accused Π of infringing a patent or other intellectual property rightForms of AccusationCease + Desist letterForms of communication warning others against using/buying Π’s infringing goodsCommon Law  claims are privileged and non-actionable if in good faith Kenmart v. Printing Arts (9th Cir. 1959): qualified privilege is recognized in cases where publisher and recipient of publication have a common interest which might be reasonably believed to be protected / furthered by publication, and publication is made in good faithPatent Policy Approach Once patent granted, presumption of validity only overcome by proof of invalidity by clear and convincing evidence (Ariad Pharm – Fed. Cir. 2009)Patent-holders may give notice to public that it holds patent  would be undermined by allowing commercial disparagement But, Π would have to prove falsity anywaysFirst Amendment Approach  patent monopolist may enforce monopoly on patentException-Sham Litigation: where persons use governmental process as opposed to outcome of process as anticompetitive weapon  baseless claims of infringement against competitor merely to raise competitor’s costs of production  must prove by clear/convincing evidence, difficultFederal Circuit: substantial obstacles for unfair competition claims premised on false assertion of patent or other IP claims  federal patent law preempts state law commercial disparagement claim absent proof of bad faithNo preemption if claim is federal under Lanham commercial disparagement\tG. False Attribution BackgroundConcerned with Passing Off (TM Infringement) v. Reverse Passing Off (Plagiarism)Copyright law in most other countries confer a “moral right” of attribution to their workMoral Rights of Attribution – French & German Law:(1) against misattribution: name on another’s work or another’s name on your work(2) against non-attribution: omission of one’s name from one’s own work(3) right o publish anonymously or pseudonymously (4) right to void promise to publish anonymously or pseudonymously (sometimes)1970’s began to see this idea in the US:Federal cases seemed to accept expansive readings of the law to allow this (Gilliam, below)State laws in CA & NY allowed for limited moral rights re: certain visual artsFederal Visual Artists Rights Act (VARA, see below)Limited to: paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures or photos existing in a single copy for exhibition, single copy signed by the author, or certain limited editionsLicensing arrangements often used in lieu of Lanham Act US Visual Artist’s Rights Act (VARA): Federal Statute after Berne Convention Qualifying “works of visual art” rights of attribution and integrity(1) paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures in single/limited copy/copies(2) still photographic images produced for exhibition purposes only, single/limited copy/copies(3) created after enactment (6/1/91)(4) OUTSIDE SCOPE: all other works (movies, literary works, works for hire), reproductions of visual art not in limited edition copies; pre-6/1/91Alternatives to VARAContractual or licensing arrangements; binding promises But, bargaining power problem, courts reluctant to enforce promises running with chattel beyond initial purchasersCreative Commons: license conditions use of copyright works on proper attributionDirectors Guild has collective bargaining agreements for motion picturesCopyright: confers upon authors exclusive right to prepare derivative worksState Laws: NY and CA created limited moral rights protection for qualifying visual artFalse advertising: if misrepresentation meets all false advertising elementsUnfair Competition: Lanham §43(a) – false designation of origin, or false description or representationLanham §43(a) – Unfair Competition Protection against False Attribution Passing Off: B sells B’s product labeled as A’s product (c.f., trademark infringement)RST 3d Unfair Competition §4: “If in  marketing of goods or services, actor makes a representation likely to deceive or mislead prospective purchasers by causing the mistaken belief that the actor’s business is the business of the other, or that the actor is the agent, affiliate, or associate of the other or that the goods or services that he actor markets are produced, sponsored or approved by the other”Injury: consumers misled into buying wrong product  B benefits from A’s goodwillNOTE: If Π’s name amounts to a TM (e.g., “Monty Python”), the unauthorized use of that name in connection with goods or services might amount to trademark infringement and false endorsement  LOC in consumers viewing programBut, reverse passing off claims are less likely to dovetail with TM infringement or false endorsement claims, insofar as they remove source-identifying characteristics of originalReverse Passing Off: B sells A’s products labeled as B’s Product (c.f., plagiarism)RST 3d Unfair Competition §5: “If in marketing goods or services manufactured, produced, or supplied by the other, the actor makes a representation likely to deceive or mislead prospective purchasers by causing the mistaken belief that the actor or a third person is the manufacturer, producer, or supplier of the goods or services if the representation is to the likely commercial detriment of the other.”E.g., Teller (Magician’s Shadow Rose): magicians formerly self-policed, but European magician began performing US-magician’s trick and passing off as European’s own.Gilliam v. ABC (2d Cir. 1976)  Providing Moral Rights-Like Remedies with §43(a)Facts: Π (Monty Python) have copyright on scripts, retain artistic rights in agreement with BBC to veto any alterations prior to recording; BBC deal with ABC to air, but ABC cut 24 of 90min to make room for ads  Theory: ABC mutilated work to such extent that ABC falsely identified Π as author of the work violating §43(a)!!Holding: Πs have valid COA for distortion that impairs integrity of Π’s work and represents to public product that is mere caricature of their talents§43(a): invoked to prevent misrepresentation that may injure Π’s business or personal reputation even where no registered TM is concerned Sufficient if representation of product, although technically true, creates false impression of product’s origins (like passing off)Deforming work and presenting artist to public as creator of work that is not his own makes him subject to criticism for work he hasn’t done   artist would suffer consequences of mutilationUnauthorized editing of underlying work, if proven, would constitute infringement of copyright exceeding license granted by copyright ownerBBC can’t give rights it doesn’t have; legal protection for artists increase production and dissemination (public interest)Concurrence: No need to reach Lanham Act  not substitute for moral rights; so long as ABC makes clear ABC version is not approved by Monty Python  no misdescription of originDastar v. 20th C. Fox Film (SCOTUS 2003, Scalia):  Goods = TANGIBLEFacts: Eisenhower’s bio; Fox ended-up derivative rights (Crusade) of public domain material  fell out of copyright, Dastar used film to make Campaigns and for less than Crusade; Fox alleged copyright infringement, and then said “reverse passing off” because sold without crediting Crusade in violation of Lanham §43(a) Holding: Lanham doesn’t require search for Nile and all its tributaries  “Origin” of “Goods” refers to where tangible goods originate§43(a) does not have boundless application: Dastar didn’t ‘merely repackage’ the videotapes; took public domain creative work, copied it with minor modifications and produced own videotapes  ORIGIN refers to PHYSICAL goods; CANNOT trace origin of communicative productsLanham Application too difficult for communication because potential liability for giving credit (passing off/mutilation) or not giving credit (Dastar/reverse passing off)  Catch 22: liability for failing to designate (reverse passing off) and for designating and implying endorsement (passing off)Lanham subbing for plagiarism conflicts with Samara (clothing knock-offs) finding product-design trade dress never inherently distinctiveWould make VARA superfluous TAKEAWAY: “Origin of Goods” refers to the producer of tangible goods that are offered for sale, and NOT to the author of any idea, concept or communications embodied in those goodsTAKEAWAY: If advertising/promotion for Campaigns implies substantial difference from Crusades, then may have §43(a)(1)(B) misrepresentation of nature/characteristics/ qualities AFTERMATH:BB: §43(a) may survive if strong Gilliam-like factsCourts have construed broadly, see below:Zyla v. Wadsworth (1st Cir. 2004): cookbook co-author fall-out; Zyla wants her name off 4th edition  DASTAR controls  false authorship claims should be pursued under CopyrightBretford v. Smith Mfg (7th Cir. 2005, Easterbrook): no passing-off when competitor (∆) used some of Π’s pieces to sell ∆’s A-frame computer tables“ORIGIN” was Smith (∆)  doesn’t matter who made component partsRudovsky v. West Publishing (ED PA 2010): refused to do their part of treatise without more money, but published with professors’ names (reverse passing off claim)  Dastar was forward passing off, but applied here!Consumers only care about physical origin of physical good!Policy Note: Destar represents a very “American” view; contrast w/ moral rights viewBB: this is tragic; in an ideal world, we would have a sense of the tradition thinkers leading up to current ideas; instead we treat it like a product False Advertising Claims premised on ∆’s Falsely Advertising Π’s authorship, performance in, or substantial involvement with, a creative workStephen King v. Innovation Books (2d Cir. 1992): Author assigned producer rights to short story, and film billed as “Stephen King’s Lawnmower Man” (“possessory credit”) and as being “based upon” Π’s story  King filed §43(a) claiming film departed from story too much that both credits were literally falseHolding: Π likely to succeed on possessory credit, but not “based upon” credit because more leeway with that claimPPX Enters v. Audiofidelity (2d 1987): misattribution of Jimi Hendrix as feature performer in recording where Hendrix either didn’t participate at all or only in background violated §43(a)De minimus non Curat Lex (Get over it):Choe v. Fordham Law (SDNY 1995): dismissed former law students §43(a) claim based on Journal publishing note with tons of errorsStratta v. George Duke Enterprises (SDNY 1997): dismissing conductor’s §43(a) claim premised on ∆’s release of CD with Π’s name misspelledH. First Amendment Constraints  §43(a)(1)(B) + Freedom of ExpressionTwo Important Speech-Protecting Limitations in §43(a)(1)(B)“In Commercial Advertising or Promotion”P&G v. Haugen (10th Cir. 2000)Fashion Boutique v. Short Hills v. Fendi (2d Cir. 2002)“False or misleading description of fact”  not “mere statement of opinion”Four-Step Balancing Test – Central Hudson Gas v. Public Service Comm’n (SCOTUS 1980)(1) Whether speech is misleading (or promotes illegal transactions)States may ban this speech entirelyDoesn’t apply to Dilution (Blurring/Tarnishment)  BLURRING not misleading by definition; tarnishment may be just an opinion, and opinions can’t be misleading(2) Whether asserted government interest is substantialWide array of government interests considered for restrictions on purely commercial speech(3) Whether regulation directly advances the important government interestLeast restrictive means not required  reasonable fit(4) Whether regulation is narrowly tailored to achieve its goals + does not restrict more speech than necessaryLeast restrictive means not required  reasonable fitRegulation of SpeechContent-Based: regulates on the basis of content Strict Scrutiny  compelling state interest + narrowly tailored to achieve that endContent-Neutral: justified without reference to the content of regulated speech  Intermediate Scrutiny  substantial government interest + do not unreasonably limit alternative avenues of communicationNon-Speech: such low social value that outside scope of 1AObscenity; fighting words; “true threats;” incitement of imminent lawless action, and child pornography (Miller v. California  - SCOTUS 1973)Commercial Speech: strong public interest in the free flow of commercial information  protected by lesser 1A (VA Bd. of Pharmacy v. VA Citizens Consumer Council – SCOTUS 1976)Less, but Substantial 1A Protection: justification for protection is providing accurate information to consumers + it’s “objective,” “more easily verified,” and more “hardy” than other speech and less likely to be chilledDifferent Treatment Justifications (US Healthcare): (1) Contribution to marketplace of ideas; (2) Durability of comm. speech; (3) Sophisticated speakers; (4) Avoid diluting 1ACourts will bend and manipulate tests to reach desired resultTEST (Bolger – 1983): (1) ads; (2) specific product; (3) ∆’s economic motivationTEST (Mattel – 9th Cir.): ∆-friendly  commercial speech is speech that does no more than propose financial transactionOne-Drop Principle (VA Pharmacy): if one drop of something other than transaction-speech, then non-commercial speech deserving 1A protectionTEST (US Healthcare): purpose is financial, and differentiate from other speech (Bending Virginia Pharmacy) Statement of Opinion does NOT Fall under §43(a)(1)(B)Boule v. Hutton (2d 2003): Π art collectors claimed ∆’s questioning in ARTnews of authenticity of Khidekel works in Π’s collection violated §43(a)(1)(B)  Comments were OPINION, and were NOT commercial speechTest for “Commercial Advertising or Promotion” (Fashion Boutique): (1) Commercial Speech(2) For the purpose of influencing consumers to buy ∆’s goods or services; and(3) Although representations less formal than those made as part of classic ad campaign may suffice, they must be disseminated “sufficiently to the relevant purchasing public”Test is 3 of 4 Prongs from Gordon & Breach: 4th prong (Π and ∆ competitors) not necessary to find commercial ads/promotion here Gmurzynska v. Hutton (2d Cir. 2004): Art experts’ opinions on authenticity of certain art works, solicited by an art collector and museum, are not commercial advertising or promotion for ∆ art gallery and NOT within §43(a)(1)(B)Groden v. Random House (2d Cir. 1995): ∆ published ad stating Π was “Guilty of misleading the American public”  Statements of opinion are not generally the basis for Lanham liability  subject of manifest public interest (like Kennedy assassination)  needs ample leeway to advertise books by expressing opinions, no matter how extravagantly worded, about merits of opposing viewpoints.Anti-SLAPP Statutes (CA) (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation)If Π tries to silence ∆’s speech Allows ∆s to dismiss early and get attorney’s feesFalse Advertising v. Commercial Disparagement  Current Law Treats them the SameFalse Advertising  false information about ∆ Commercial Disparagement  false information about Π Sounds more like defamation which could trigger 1A Sullivan – Actual Malice standard, but NO!  Treated the same.NYT v. Sullivan (SCOTUS 1964): DEFAMATION REQUIRES ACTUAL MALICE Holding: Officials or public figure Πs must prove falsity + “actual malice” by clear and convincing evidence  actual malice = knowing falsity or reckless disregard for the truthActual malice does NOT apply to commercial disparagement claims under the Lanham Act US Healthcare v. Blue Cross of Greater Philadelphia (3d Cir. 1990): Facts: BCBS started PPO and started PPO v. HMO ad campaign; US Healthcare responded with own ads and civil action against BCBS for commercial disparagement, defamation, tortious interference; BCBS counterclaimedHolding: Statements (ads pure and simple) are commercial in nature  1A requires no higher standard of liability than mandated by substantive law of each claim Commercial Speech: (1) ads; (2) refers to specific products; (3) desire for revenue motivated speechTAKEAWAY: commercial disparagement Πs need NOT show actual maliceActual malice standard likely applies to common law commercial disparagement claimsBose v. Consumers Union (1st Cir. 1982)(NOT Lanham):Facts: Bose designed Bose speaker system, CU engineers wrote a critical report in magazine describing sound as “wandering about the room”  sued under product disparagement; Π won damages, but liability reversed on appealHolding: Unable to find clear and convincing evidence that ∆ published statement with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of falsity  guilty of imprecise language, but that is NOT actual maliceDebate: ∆ says statement is “merely the opinion” expert panel despite sounding scientific/factual; no such thing as a false idea  assume factual and false  applies NYT v. Sullivan and Π failed to prove actual maliceKey Note: Bose did not contest that it was a public figure and that actual malice standard appliedSupreme Court has NOT addressed the issue, though courts apply NY Times to all common law commercial disparagement H. International and Comparative Law ConsiderationsGeneralArticle 10 of the Paris Convention Operationalizes the agreementsOriginally, not way to force compliance from member states1995 – TRIPS art. 2(1) requires compliance But Art. 10 leaves most of the details of compliance up to the member states themselves §44 of the Lanham Act applies the Paris Convention to American law§44(h) – protection of foreign nationals against unfair competitionCourts have generally held that this does not create additional substantive rights, other than national treatment for foreign nationals Some but very few courts have found that it does create separate substantive rights §44(i) – citizens or residents of the US also entitled to benefit from §44In practice, just throw §44 in as an addition when raising other claims Where 2 US citizens: 44(i) does not to create substantive rights beyond what is already in 43(a) Includes dormant anti-competition clause that may become important in the future Paris Convention: International Treaty requiring member nations to recognize claims for false advertising and disparagement Lanham Act §44: Operationalizing Paris Convention, Art. 10Basically covered by §43(a), but toss it in with other actions§44  doesn’t confer any substantive rights other than national treatment Int’l Café v. Hard Rock (11th Cir. 2001): §44 incorporated Paris Convention, BUT!  Paris Convention creates substantive rights beyond those independently provide in Lanham Act  only requires “national treatment”No new COA for unfair competition in §44A few courts HAVE found incorporation of substantive provisions of Paris Convention GM v. Ignacio (ED Mich. 1996): creates fed law of unfair competition applicable in international disputesNational Treatment: foreign nationals should be given same treatment in each of member countries as that country makes available to its own citizensDormant unfair competition clause may become more important in the futureExtraterritorial Application: some case of ‘national treatment’ may require extraterritorial application, but courts can reject this (Int’l Café v. Hardrock)VIII. Remedies to Trademark Infringement and False AdvertisingA. Remedies to Trademark InfringementGeneralTrademark remedies are organized around a property ruleinfringers have no “right” to use the trademark by paying damages like under a liability rulekey difference with most property rules: TM owners cannot sell property rightPrimary method of relief is injunctions, but Lanham Act allows for some other remedies where appropriate Injunctive Relief – Lanham §34: Courts may grant injunctions “to prevent the violation of any right of the registrant of the mark … or to prevent a violation of §43(a).”  Πs may seek injunction as matter of course once infringement is proven 5-Part Test for TM Injunction (Pretty Girl v. Pretty Girl Fashion – EDNY 2011- eBay):(1) Likelihood of success on the merits (examination of LOC Polaroid Factors)(2) Π is likely to suffer irreparable injury absent injunction(3) Remedies at law (such as monetary damages) are inadequate to compensate for injury(4) Balance of hardships tips in Π’s favor(5) Public interest will not be disserved by issuance of preliminary injunctionRationalesTMs protect a unique good (Π’s business goodwill) that can’t be bought backProtect consumers from confusionInjunction Functions: (1) Stop sale or use of TM(2) Issue corrective ads or implement disclaimers PBM Products v. Mead (4th Cir. 2011): injunctive relief proper because PBM suffered irreparable harm based primarily on fact that Mead’s advertising misled customersProfits, Damages, Costs – Lanham §35: General ConceptsNo double-counting: If court awards Π’s losses, will NOT include ∆’s profitsNot to be a windfall for Πs (Bandag)  should only be made wholeCompensation not a penaltyDeterrence justification varies Deterrence is too week and too easily invoked a justification for severe / cumbersome remedy of profits award (Alpo Petfoods)Π must prove fact + amount of damage  measured by any direct injury Π can prove, lost profits which Π would have earned but-for infringementAccounting is to award profits only on sales attributable to infringing conductDifficult calculation, so may award damages based on ∆’s profits  unjust enrichment theoryWhere there is no actual competition between TM good and infringing product, some courts may allow injunction but NOT damages (Minn. Pets, 8th Cir 1994)Issue of IntentDisgorgement  may or may not require intent post-1999 (see below)Attorney’s Fees (Exceptional)  malicious, fraudulent, deliberate, willfulConsiderations: Strength of markActual confusionWillful Infringement: deliberate, false, misleading, fraudulentDisgorgementPreviously limited to fraud/palming off bad faith cases (Champion Spark – 1947)Post-1999 Lanham Amendment: no bright-line willfulness requirement1999: “With a violation under §43(a), or “willful violation under §43(c).” Factor-Based Approach (Banjo Buddies– 3d Cir. 2005, citing Quick Techs.)(1) ∆’s intent to confuse/deceive(2) Whether sales have been diverted(3) Adequacy of other remedies(4) Any unreasonable delay by Π in asserting rights(5) Public interest in making misconduct unprofitable(6) Whether case of palming offC.f., LVM v. Dooney & Bourke (SNDY 2007): McCarthy’s right  Bajo Buddies places too much weight on 1999 Amendment  willfulness is still required!Bad Faith – Requirement to Search for Mark’s Senior use before Junior Uses?Int’l Star Yacht v. Hilfiger (SDNY 1999): no bad faith with cursory search of TM bankBlair & Cotter: some level of search activity for TM should be required of ∆Enhancements: Courts may award enhanced damages for TM infringementMust be framed as compensation and not punitive damagesPunitive damages ONLY in the context of counterfeiting§35(a): “May enter judgment … above actual damages, not exceeding 3x amount.”Willful conduct  Market Distortion  Compensation for misconduct causing lost profits and continuing distortion in the market (but may not award interest and inflation) (Alpo)NOTE on Pre-Lanham – Mark Thurmon:Common Law Actions  Πs could recover their provable lost profitsEquity Actions  Courts would award injunctions and either Π’s lost profits or (more commonly) ∆’s profit attributable to infringement, but $ required willfulnessCourts retained discretion to raise/lower monetary awards, but not to award penaltiesBy mid-1900s, some courts had begun to award punitive damages when Π could prove actual damagesLindy Pen v. Bic Pen (9th Cir. 1993): Lindy sues Pic for TM infringement of “Auditor’s” pen  LOC wrt telephone orders because can’t compare side-to-sideHolding: Weak mark, no actual confusion, unintentional infringement  compensation not penalty calculated with loss of profits from infringing conduct; no attorney’s fees because not exceptional (willful, malicious)TAKEAWAY: Π must prove fact + amount (direct injury Π can prove + lost profits) or can prove unjust enrichment in form of ∆’s profitsExceptional Cases (Willfulness): treble damages + attorney’s feesTAKEAWAY: Merely needs to show general level of Πs and then ∆s must come up with specificity, and judges will determine profitsSpecificity typically required, but may estimate where ∆ has not maintained recordsADIDAS v. Payless (D. Or. 2008): awarding ADIDAS $31M as damages in form of reasonably royalty and $19.7M in Payless’ profits  denied Payless’ motion for new trial, conditioned on ADIDAS accepting remittitur of $15M punitive damages awardLVM v. Akanoc (9th Cir. 2011): vacating judgment/remanding with instructions that D. Ct. award statutory damages in amount of $10.5M for contributory TM infringement, and $300k for contributory copyright infringement, for which 2 ∆s jointly/severally liableRodgers v. Wright (SDNY 2011): finding infringement, but concluding Π is not entitled to damages for ∆’s infringement of his TM or attorney’s fees where ∆ did not act in bad faithCorrective AdvertisingΠs with money may begin combatting the ads and be reimbursed for expenditures Πs without resources are not disadvantaged  still compensated for cost of proportional corrective ad campaign (Big O)No requirement that ∆ engage in ‘passing off’  would grant big brands impunity in snatching small senior’s marksCase of reverse confusion, no intent to trade on Π’s goodwill = still may be compensated for corrective ad campaignCalculation of Corrective Advertising Award: Market-presence of Π (where Π must run corrective ads) to correct for ad campaign of ∆, take that percent of ∆’s ad expenditure, discount by 75% under FTC rule (award 25% of amount ∆ spent infringement)  Does not have to be a 1:1 ratio to correct!!E.g., Big O v. Goodyear (10th Cir. 1977):  Big O in 14:50 states Goodyear advertised (28%)  28% of %10M = $2.8M  25% of $2.8M = $680k capAlso awarded punitive damages of $4M Trademark Counterfeiting – Special Remedies:Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984: knowingly counterfeiting a mark in connection with sale of goods/service is a FELONY  FINES + IMPRISONMENT for offenders + Permissible DESTRUCTION of counterfeit goodsLanham §34(d): seizure of counterfeit goods/records of sale before trialLanham §35(d): award of treble damages + attorney’s fees and prejudgment interest against counterfeiters unless court finds ‘extenuating circumstances’Lanham §36: destruction of counterfeit goodsException to 1984 Act: those who are authorized to use TM “at time of manufacture or production” of goodsAnti-Counterfeiting Consumer Protection Act 1996: Amended Lanham §35(c)  statutory damages as alternative to actual damages in civil counterfeiting cases 2008 – Doubled statutory range: May award statutory damages “not less than $1,000 or more than $200,000 per counterfeit mark per type of goods or services sold,” and may award up to $2M if violation is “willful”Posner (LVM v. Lee – 7th Cir. 1989): Deterrence with multiple damages in counterfeiting because impossible for TM owners to police every retail store in nation + stop counterfeiting with injunctions Special Counterfeiting – Aerospace and pharmaceuticals: Especially dangerous  double penalties ($5M or 20 years in prison)US v. Giles (10th Cir. 2000): I’m not trafficking in goods because I only have labels/marks, and no purses!   Innocent because labels not attached, but NOW AMENDED!! B. Remedies for False Advertising  May treat the same, but note the different Cause of Action!!!Remedies: Doctrine is Basically the same as TM InfringementInjunctive Relief under LanhamMust show LIKELIHOOD of Deception/ConfusionDamages under Lanham Must show ACTUAL Deception/ConfusionElements of False Advertising Claim – Lanham §43(a)(1)(B)(1) False or misleading(2) Description or representation of fact regarding Π’s goods, which(3) Actually deceives or is likely to deceive consumers, and is(4) Material to the consumers purchasing decision, and(5) Injures the ΠModes of False AdvertisingLiterally False  Presumption of Deception (unclear if Likelihood or Actual)Literally False (Direct TV – Simpson)False by Necessary Implication (Direct TV – Shatner)Misleading (Impliedly False)Kraft – processing removes calciumInjunctive Relief – Overbreadth Arguments:\tCourts must closely tailor injunctions to harm addressed (Gulf Oil – DC Cir. 1985)Redressing the harm, not suppression of speech (e.g., ALPO – Ralston barred from hip discussion in veterinary magazines  not related to harm)1A concernsAlso applies to FTC Cease & Desist Orders (Kraft – argument rejected by 7th Cir.)ALPO v. Ralston (DC Cir. 1990):Facts: Both sued under §43(a) about puppy food claims (Ralston – hip dysplasia; ALPO – 2:1 vets prefer); both violated §43(a), but ALPO awarded ∆’s profits ($10.4M)  VACATEDDamages Holding: Both entitled to actual damages (lost profits) and no attorney’s feesD. Ct. erred awarding ALPO Raston’s profits (no willful, targeted wrongdoing)  ALPO entitled to actual damages.  Since both violated §43(a),  §35(a) does not authorize damages to less blameworthy party  Ralston gets actual damages tooAttorney’s Fees  exceptional cases ‘willful/bad faith’ no found hereTAKEAWAY: Π may not get ∆’s profits (false ads or infringement) absent proof of ∆’s conduct was willfulInjunction Holding: Injunction too expansive (barring all hip claims even non-Ralston) D. Ct.  enjoined use of false ads, required to disseminate corrective releasesBalance Dynamics v. Schmitt Ind. (6th Cir. 2000) – Corrective Ads: Facts: Π (Balance) sued ∆ for false ads over use of ozone-depleting materials; Π had engaged in corrective ads to mitigate damage Holding: (1) Π can recover for control costs without showing false ads created actual confusion in marketplace or actual damages; (2) To recover damages to goodwill or disgorgement of profits, MUST show at least some damage and cannot rely solely on literal falsehood of adLiteral Falsity Proof: presumption of confusion, so Π doesn’t have to demonstrate, BUT! Can’t recover marketplace damages on this (Lindy)Literal falsity alone doesn’t raise inference of damage to goodwill, but may if accompanied by bad faith / deliberate intent  But!  Even though Schmitt targeted Balance, no damages to recoverDamage Control Costs must be reasonably necessary to counter ∆’s false adsTAKEAWAY: Marketplace damages require ACTUAL damages, but Damage control expenses different  LIKE INJUNCTION done to prevent lost sales/profits/goodwillNo requirement that Π wait to take action until actual damagesCashmere & Camel v. Saks Fifth Ave. (1st Cir. 2002):Facts: Cashmere manufacturers association sues Saks for saying (1) that goods sold contained cashmere, and (2) that it didn’t specify ‘recycled cashmere’ when industry assumption is it is virgin  manufacturers seek injunction (other Πs sought damages)Holding: A reasonable factfinder could conclude that ∆’s material mislabeling of their garments deceived the consuming public, enabled ∆s to lower garment prices and caused Πs to lose sales Statement (1)  literally false; Statement (2)  false by necessary implicationMateriality  likely to influence purchasing decision (prominent labels)LOC/LOD  presumption of deception for literally false statementsPresumption of Deception for Literal Falsity  Injunction + Damages!Some Circuits find when ad is literally false, for damages, Π need not prove any of its customers were actually persuaded by ads (EFCO v. Symons – 8th Cir. 2000)  may grant relief without evidence of consumer reaction if ads are literally falseInterstate commerce is clearInjury  usually goodwill/diversion of salesPorous Media v. Pall (8th Cir. 1997): Π suing to enjoin need not prove specific damage, but courts require heightened level of proof of injury to recover money damages (affirmed $1.5M award) IX. Trademark Infringement in the Age of the InternetRescuecom Corp. v. Google (2d Cir. 2009) – Use of Π’s mark in search = Use in CommerceSix Aspects of Use in Commerce – TM use for Targeting Search = Actionable Use(1) Commerce clause limitation(2) Establishing priority: CL = actual use; Federal = actual/constructive use (3) Establishing ownership: who is the “user”?(4) Determining whether a mark has been abandoned: when does “use” stop?(5) Determining actionable use(6) Determining “fair use”Network Automation v. Advanced Systems Concepts (9th Cir. 2011): Facts: Network (declaratory Π seeks judgment of non-infringement) sells “AutoMate,” and Systems sells “ActiveBatch”  Network paid for “ActiveBatch” keyword on search engines (Google/Bing) to serve sponsored links; D. Ct. ruled in favor of ∆ granting injunctionHolding: (1) Use of mark as search engine keyword was “use in commerce,” and (2) use of mark was NOT likely to cause initial interest confusionApplied 8-Factor (pliant/non-exhaustive) Sleekcraft LOC Test: (1) strength  inherently distinctive(2) proximity of goods  closeness bolsters confusion (Playboy); interchangeable products, so consider degree of labeling/ad appearancesAre consumers mislead or presented with choices?(3) similarity of marks  D. Ct. erred in treating keyword differently from System’s TM  artificial distinction doesn’t reflect what consumers ‘encountered in the marketplace ‘Consider labeling/appearance of ad, whether it identifies Network’s mark, care and sophistication of consumer(4) evidence of actual confusion  proof is difficult; diminished weight at injunction stage (more so in SJ)(5) market channels  less important when marketing channel less obscure; it would be rare for commercial retailer not to advertise online(6) types of goods/degree of care of purchaser  sophisticated consumer would shop for business software; growth of online marketplace(7) ∆’s intent in selecting mark  only relevant insofar as it bolsters finding that use of TM serves to mislead consumers rather than truthfully inform them of choice of products  must first find intent to deceive(8) likelihood of expansion into product lines  unimportant where direct competitors**(9) other relevant factors  what was seen on screen + what did consumers believe in context?D. Ct.  3-Factors Significant for Internet (Brookfield)(Internet Trinity / “Troika” Factors): (1) similarity of marks; (2) relatedness of goods or services; (3) simultaneous use of Web as marketing channel  all favored ∆Poor fit here!  Two Principles: (1) Non-exhaustive; (2) FlexibleSine qua non of TM Law is Consumer ConfusionUse of a TM as search engine keyword that triggers the display of a competitor’s advertisement is a “use in commerce” under Lanham ActImplies sufficient labeling of sponsored link to distinguish it from organic links  can’t make the finding of fact, LOC must be found by D. Ct.Google has persuaded courts that organic links are “objective”  may be an issue if Google had biased approach to search results Open to abuse/retaliation  if Google didn’t list site, online presence would be dead  Google = “Gateway to Internet”TAKEAWAY: LOC is KEY!  (1) Labeling / appearance of ads; (2) Sophistication/care of consumersNote: “We must be acutely aware of excessive rigidity when apply the law int eh Internet context; emerging technologies require a flexible approach.”Brookfield (2001): Π had entertainment database “MovieBuff” and ∆ registered domain for his movie store  LOC test is flexible; Π will likely succeed as senior user and LOCMetatags are different than domain names  used to attract people to the site, may be less likely to be confused, but found INITIAL INTEREST CONFUSIONPlayboy (2006): ‘keying’ practice by Netscape; sold  lists of terms to sponsors and ads would appear when keywords were searched; Netscape required advertisers from adult entertainment industry to link ads to list with 400 terms, including Playboy’s TM  reversed SJ for ∆ as inappropriate because issues of fact Analyzed initial interest confusion  banners for ads unlabeled = more likely to cause confusionPlayboy claimed Netscape misappropriated goodwill of marks by leading Internet users to competitor’s sites  expert study that ‘statistically significant number’ of internet users thought Playboy SPONSORED adsAnalyzing nature of goods + consumer  presumed average searcher seeking adult material online is easily diverted from a specific product s/he is seeking  especially if more graphic ones appear quicklyHearts on Fire v. Blue Nile (D. Mass. 2009): LOC will ultimately turn on what consumer saw on screen and reasonably believed given the contextAnalogies to Shopping in the StorePlayboy Concurrence: Shopping in Macy’s en route to CK, diverted by big Charter One ads, eventually reaches CK  can’t say that Macy’s infringed on CK’s TM by diverting customer with clearly labeled, but more prominent displayAssumptions about Consumers: familiar with grocery stores, assume they can distinguish between name brand/generic products (Conopco); varying degrees of skill/sophistication wrt InternetNot the store shelf, you may start on the right thinking it is a featured link (Network); Playboy assumption of unsophisticated consumersDematerialization of Economy  resisted in Dastar grounded in tangible goods; consumers don’t’ care what the origin is (fetishization of commodity)Rosetta Stone v. Google (4th Cir., 4/9/2012): Facts: Pre-2004 Google said 3rd parties couldn’t buy TMs that belong to others; Post-2004, Google changed allowing 3rd parties to bid on ‘keywords’ to prompt ads linked to search terms – ranging from few cents to $2 per click! Process can pit company against competitor for its own TM!  2009 Policy: (1) Sponsor/reseller of genuine TM product; (2) sponsor makes/sells parts for TM product; (3) sponsor offers compatible parts/goods for TM product; (4) sponsor provides info/reviews on TM product.   Π’s product best known in market by far, 150 countries, millions on ads.   Claims not only LOC, but actual confusion misleading internet users into purchasing counterfeits Rosetta Stone sues Google for direct + contributory + vicarious  TM infringement, and TM dilution.  SJ vicarious + unjust enrichment claims; vacate SJ wrt direct + contributory infringement and dilutionHolding:LOC (Haute Diggity Dog  Factors): (1) Π owns valid mark; (2) ∆’s use was use in commerce; (3) ∆ used mar (or imitation of it) “in connection with sale, offering for sale, distribution, or advertising” Of goods or services; (4) ∆’s LOC (9-Factor Test)D. Ct. didn’t address all LOC factors  Okay because in ‘referential or nominative type of use” application is difficult with all factors (e.g., mark will always be identical; strength of mark limited probative value)***NOT adopting position about viability of nominative fair-use doctrine as a defense to TM infringement or whether it should alter LOC test  save for another dayINTENT FACTOR: Google increased revenue from 2009 policy  solicited advertisers “you may now use TM terms in ad text even if you don’t own TM”EVIDENCE OF LOC: anecdotal and survey + Google’s in house surveySophistication of consumers  high (tech + educational)Contributory Infringement (Inwood Labs.): intentionally induces another to infringe TM or continues to supply product to one whom knows / has reason to know is engaging in TM infringementGoogle allowed keyword advertisers to continue after Π notified they were not authorized resellers / counterfeiters (200 times) Vicarious Infringement (Hard Rock v. Concession – 7th Cir. 1992): ∆ and infringer have apparent or actual partnership, authority to bind one another in transactions with 3rd parties or exercise joint ownership or control over infringing product  NOT the case wrt GoogleDilution (Mosely v. V Secret Catalogue – SCOTUS 2003): dilution not concerned with confusion, but concern over strong mark losing value through unauthorized use by othersFederal TM Dilution Act (FTDA, 1996): Owner of famous mark … shall be entitled to injunction against another person who … commences use of mark or trade name in commerce that is likely to cause dilution by luring or dilution by tarnishment of the famous mark, regardless of the presence/absence of actual/likely confusion, competition, or actual economic injury.D. Ct.  TM “FUNCTIONAL” when used by search engine to trigger sponsored links, and therefore, uprotectable based on function (VACATED BY CIRCUIT)BB: This is absolutely INSANE  could have called it ‘nominative fair use’ Tiffany v. eBay (2d Cir. 2010): eBay maintained “Verified Rights Owner (‘VeRO’) Program” which allowed TM owners to report potentially infringing items so eBay could remove the listings  eBay promptly removed challenged listingsBut, Rosetta Stone: Issue of whether continued supply after notice of confusion / counterfeiting.European Court of Justice: Google search engine is likely NOT liable for any confusion caused by sponsored links, BUT! Advertisers may potentially be found liable (and choose not to advertise with Google to avoid liability)TM of Domain Names: In re Oppendahl (Fed Cir 2004): “Patents.com” merely descriptive of computer software for managing database of records/tracking records on InternetTLDs (.com, .net, .org, etc.)  don’t hold meaningCompare to Corp., Co., Inc., and similar designations  TLDs give more information (type of association with internet)But!  BB says ridiculous to think .com has no ID significance; e.g., “Half.com” never identified as “Half”ConfusionLOC  Applying the Multi-Factor Test in Unique ContextsThe internet  internet actually increased LOCGoTo.com v. Walt Disney Facts:  GoTo sought preliminary injunction against Disney for use of the mark GoToHolding: In 9th Circuit there are only three factors, the Troika Factors; but this is extremely pertinent in the internet context!Takeaway: Internet “Troika” SimilarityRelatedness of GoodsUse of Web as market channelNote: In 2000, internet consumers seen as very unsophisticated  may have changed since thenInitial Interest Confusion: rarely found on the internet by courts, ESPECIALLY on the internet because it is easy to click the back buttonRecent movement away from finding initial interest confusion, especially in the internet context because it is easy for consumer to “correct” mistake Playboy Enterprises v. Netscape (9th Cir 2004) – concurrence by Berzon: initial interest confusion should not be found simply because consumer is given a choice (here, however, it was found!)\n\nWhat is the test established in Inwood Labs v. Ives Labs for determining contributory trademark infringement, and how was this applied in the Tiffany v. eBay case?"}
{"dataset": "lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m", "conversation_id": "ac2134e9dec749a48806c88478cfd02f", "conversation_index": 994065, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 1085, "prompt": "NAME_1 passes to NAME_2.\nmpg\ng1d\ngps\ng2d\ng shoots from the mid-range and misses.\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns1d\ns misses layup.\n--\ncps\ns5d\nspg\nNAME_1 attempts a pas to NAME_3 but fails. NAME_1 turnover.\n--\ns5d\nspr\nNAME_3 makes the 2 pointer. Assist by NAME_4.\n--\ns2d\nsxl\n--\ngpc\ncpg\ngps\nspc\ncx2\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ngps\nspg\ngo2\n--\nm4d\nmx2\nNAME_5 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\nr1d\nrol\n--\n\ns1d\nspm\nm1d\nmol\nFonti foul\nNAME_2 screens cucho who dribbles 2 times and misses the layup.\nNAME_5 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns4d\nspg\nNAME_1 attemps a pass to NAME_2 but fails. Turnover commited by NAME_1. Steal by NAME_5\n--\n\nspm\nm1d\nmpc\nfoul by NAME_6\nm2d\nmx2\n--\n\ngpm\nmpc\ncpm\nm1d\nmpr\nrpm\nm1d\nmps\ns4d\nspm\nmpc\nc2d\ncx3\n--\n\nc5d\ncpr\nrps\nfoul by NAME_5\nrpc\ncpg\ngpc\nc2d\nFoul by NAME_6\ngx3\nNAME_7\nm8d\nmpc\nc1d\ncpg\ng3d\ngps\nspm\nmpr\nrx2\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion. 6:48\n\ng7d\ngpc\ncx2\n--\n\ng11d\ngxl\n--\n\ngpc\nc4d\ncpg\ngpm\nmpr\nrx2\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ncps\ns2d\nsx2\n--\nmoreb\nmx2\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns2d\nspm\nmpg\ng3d\ngps\nspg\ngpc\nc1d\ncx2\n--\ns11d\nspc\n--\nc6d\ncpm\nmo2\n--\nc4d\ncpr\nrpc\ncpr\nrx3\n--\n\ngpm\nm1d\nmo2\n--\n\nm2d\nmo2\n--\n\nm5d\nmpr\nrx2\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns5d\nspr\nr1d\n1ps\ns2d\nsx2\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ng8d\ngx2\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ng3d\ngpm\nmpc\nFoul by NAME_6\n--\n\ng5d\ngps\nspm\nm1d\nmx2\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns12d\nfoul by Fonti\n--\n\nmo2\n--\n\ns1d\nspg\nNAME_1 attempts a pass to NAME_4 but fails. NAME_1 commits a turnover\n--\n\ngpc\ncpm\nmpc. Alley-oop assist by NAME_2 (11:04) Cucho makes layup.\n--\n\nspm\nmpg\ng1d\ngxl\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns2d\nsxl\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\nc2d\ncxl\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ncO3\n--\n\ng3d\ngps\nspr\nrx2\nNAME_7\nFoul by NAME_6.\n--\n\nspc\ncpr\nFoul by Bauti\n--\n\ngx3\nNAME_6 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\nG2D\nGPS\ngps\nspr, NAME_4 sets the pick and roll for NAME_3\nNAME_3 passes to NAME_2.\nNAME_2 passes to NAME_3.\nNAME_3 makes the 2 pointer. Assist by NAME_2.\n--\n\nm3d\nmxl\nNAME_5 gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\nc5d\nCucho turnover\nsteal by Minifran.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ns7d\nNAME_4 attempts a pass to NAME_3, but fails. NAME_4 commits a turnover.\nstolen by fonti.\nEnd of possesion.\n\nr1d\nrol\n--\n\ns9d\nsol\n--\n\nmxl\nFonti gets the defensive rebound.\nEnd of possesion.\n\ncpg\ncol. assist by cucho.\n--\n\ns1d\nspg\ng5d gpr\nr1d rpm\nm"}
{"dataset": "zai-org/LongAlign-10k", "example_id": "c9edbabc4142bab14f5f1d6bd1912d30bd13213f208af716", "conversation_index": 6356, "turn_index": 0, "tokens_gpt_oss_120b": 39000, "prompt": "Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship:              How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled EducationAll authors are joint-first authors. The authorship order was decided on the scores of the Academic Wheel of Privilege we developed (see Supplementary Figure 2).Mahmoud M. ElsherifORCID: 0000-0002-0540-3998, email: mahmoud.medhat.elsherif@gmail.com,Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.Sara L MiddletonORCID: 0000-0001-5307-8029, email: sara.middleton@stx.ox.ac.ukDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, UK.Jenny Mai PhanORCID: 0000-0002-4924-9857. Email: jenny.phan@wisc.edu / jmphan@jennymaiphan.comWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, US. Incoming affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, Children’s National Hospital, US.Flavio AzevedoORCID: 0000-0001-9000-8513. Email: fa441@cam.ac.ukDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.Bethan J. IleyORCID: 0000-0002-5813-3303. Email: biley01@qub.ac.ukSchool of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, UK.Magdalena Grose-HodgeORCID: 0000-0002-0675-5215, email: m.s.grose-hodge@bham.ac.uk.Department of English Language and Linguistics, University of Birmingham, UKSamantha L. TylerORCID: 0000-0001-9602-5015, Email: slt47@leicester.ac.ukDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, UK.Steven K. KappORCID: 0000-0002-4440-1688. Email: steven.kapp@port.ac.ukDepartment of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK.Amélie Gourdon-KanhukamweORCID: 0000-0002-3060-1320. amelie.gourdon-kanhukamwe@kcl.ac.ukKing’s College London, UK.Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, London, UK.Desiree Grafton-ClarkeORCID: 0000-0002-0529-4023. Email: desiree.grafton-clarke@kcl.ac.ukKing's College London, UKSiu Kit YeungORCID: 0000-0002-5835-0981, Email: yskjdmmh@gmail.com / u3517520@connect.hku.hkDepartment of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Incoming affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.John J. ShawORCID: 0000-0003-3190-6772, Email john.shaw@dmu.ac.ukDivision of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UKHelena HartmannORCID: 0000-0002-1331-6683. Email: helena.hartmann@uk-essen.deClinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Germany.Marie DokovovaORCID: 0000-0002-4350-6082. Email: maria.dokovova@strath.ac.ukDepartment of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Strathclyde, UKAbstractNot all people conform to what is socially construed as the norm and divergences should be expected. Neurodiversity is fundamental to the understanding of human behaviour and cognition. However, neurodivergent individuals are often stigmatised, devalued, and objectified. This position statement presents the perspectives of neurodivergent authors, the majority of whom have personal lived experiences of neurodivergence(s), and discusses how research and academia can and should be improved in terms of research integrity, inclusivity and diversity. The authors describe future directions that relate to lived experience and systematic barriers, disclosure, directions on prevalence, stigma, intersection of neurodiversity and open scholarship, and provide recommendations that can lead to personal and systematic changes to improve acceptance of neurodivergent individuals’ lived experiences within academia.Keywords: Academia; Community; Disability Research; Inclusion; Intersectionality; Neurodiversity; Open Scholarship; Open Science; Representation; Social Justice; Abstract (Portuguese)Nem todas as pessoas se conformam com o que é socialmente interpretado como a norma, e divergências devem ser esperadas. A neurodiversidade é fundamental para a compreensão do comportamento e cognição humana. Entretanto, os indivíduos neurodivergentes são frequentemente estigmatizados, desvalorizados e objetivados. Esta declaração de posicionamento apresenta as perspectivas de autores neurodivergentes, a maioria dos quais tem experiências pessoais vividas de neurodivergência(s), e discute como a pesquisa e a academia podem (e devem) ser melhoradas em termos de integridade, inclusividade e diversidade da pesquisa. Os autores descrevem direções futuras relacionadas à experiência vivida e barreiras sistemáticas, divulgação, indicações sobre prevalência, estigma, intersecção de neurodiversidade e ciencia aberta, e fornecem recomendações que podem levar a mudanças pessoais e sistemáticas para melhorar a aceitação da experiência vivida de indivíduos neurodivergentes dentro da academia.Palavras chave: Academia; Comunidade; Pesquisa sobre Deficiências; Inclusão; Interseccionalidade; Neurodiversidade; Ciência Aberta; Representação; Justiça Social; Abstract (Italian)Non tutti si conformano a ciò che socialmente è interpretato come la norma e ci si dovrebbero aspettare divergenze. La neurodiversità è fondamentale per la comprensione del comportamento e della cognizione umana. Tuttavia, gli individui neurodiversi sono spesso stigmatizzati, svalutati e oggettivati. Questa dichiarazione di posizione presenta le prospettive degli autori neurodiversi, la maggior parte dei quali ha esperienze vissute personali di neurodivergenza, e discute come la ricerca e il mondo accademico possano e debbano essere migliorati in termini di integrità, inclusività e diversità della ricerca. Gli autori descrivono le direzioni future che riguardano l'esperienza vissuta e le barriere sistematiche, la divulgazione, le indicazioni sulla prevalenza, lo stigma, l'intersezione della neurodiversità e la scienza aperta e forniscono raccomandazioni che possono portare a cambiamenti personali e sistematici per migliorare l'accettazione delle esperienze vissute degli individui neurodiversi all'interno del mondo accademico.Parole chiave: Accademia; Comunità; Ricerca sulla Disabilità; Inclusione; intersezionalità; Neurodiversità; Scienza Aperta; Rappresentazione; Giustizia socialeIntroductionAcademia still remains an exclusive club in an Ivory Tower. The voices, perspectives, and experiences of minorities have been systematically excluded, while members are overwhelmingly White, male, cisgender-heterosexual (cis-het), and nondisabled. This specific demographic of researchers is more likely to receive institutional support and access to positions, funds and resources, perpetuating and heightening existing inequalities. Academia’s few diverse voices often lead to biased and unfair perspectives benefiting the majority at the expense of minorities. A recent study by Cech (2022) with 25,324 participants examined the demographic privileges within the US STEM field observed that White able-bodied heterosexual males were at a significant advantage compared to all other demographics, with LGBTQ Black disabled females the most disadvantaged across several measures, including social inclusion, workplace harassment, lower professional respect, career advancement opportunities, and persistence intentions. Further decomposition analysis focused on explaining the observed differences in five categories including background characteristics, job characteristics, and family responsibilities, but across all measures a significant proportion of the difference remained unaccounted for by these (e.g. persistence intentions only 31.18% of the gap could be explained by the variables), suggesting privilege as the other factor. This privilege towards White able-bodied heterosexual males contributes to a toxic feedback loop such that minoritised voices are not being heard due to a lack of representation, thus disincentivising minorities from participating in academia and the workforce. These power relations and inequalities are also clearly observable across academia, with Anthropology (Tallmana & Bird, 2020), Ecology (Tseng et al., 2020), Engineering (Rampler et al., 2022), Ethology (Cooke, 2022; Howard, 2022), and Psychology (Gruber et al., 2021; Ledgerwood et al., 2022) facing issues of representation of minorities and acknowledging their contribution (Reardon, 2022). Furthermore, the hidden curriculum (Parsons et al., 2022) and current academic infrastructure focused on metrics and closed scientific systems perpetuate global inequalities and stereotypes reinforcing hierarchies that silence marginalised voices and reinforce their subordination. This justification is further perpetuated by science being misused as a weapon to socially oppress minoritised voices by clinging to the assumption that scientific practice is rational, impartial, and objective, when in fact it is not (e.g., Eagly et al., 2012). In turn, these so-called ‘facts’ are used to justify the claim that under-represented minorities are unable to ascend to positions of power, thus limiting their freedom, opportunities to succeed, and opportunities to participate equally in society. To counter these inequities, local, as well as, international collaborations of early-career researchers have initiated grassroot movements (e.g., ReproducibiliTea; FORRT; Open Scholarship (OSch); see review by Whitaker & Guest, 2020) aimed at pushing for a bottom-up change. Operating primarily within higher education institutions (Tennant et al., 2020), OSch discourse requires us to rethink pedagogical and scientific practices in order to make them more equitable, open, diverse, and accessible (Azevedo et al., 2019, 2022; Farran & Scerif, 2021; Fecher & Friesike, 2014). These include limiting questionable research practices (Bouter et al., 2016; John et al., 2012) in the scientific process, restructuring access to scientific knowledge, and improving reproducibility and replicability (Farrar et al., 2020, 2022; Parsons et al., 2022; Pownall et al., 2021a, 2022) and though there are some difficulties with adoption (e.g., see Kalandadze & Hart, 2022 for a discussion on how to adopt OSch in developmental science), change is afoot. However, the interplay between open scholarship and social justice has not received much focus, despite discussion about how OSch can benefit marginalised voices (e.g., Baum et al., 2022; Roberson, 2020; Pownall et al., 2021b). Therefore, it remains one of the overlooked principles of contemporary scholarship (Azevedo et al., 2019, 2022) even though paired with social justice, it is a means to help dismantle the systematic barriers in academia, such as difficulty in accessing scientific knowledge due to scientific outputs being behind a paywall, unnecessarily complex academic writing, and lack of data sharing, all of which contribute to a further schism within academia between researchers, as well as between academia and the public. This gatekeeping of scientific knowledge leads to fewer policy changes in underprivileged countries, which is associated with shorter life expectancy, and less access to education and health systems (see Roser & Ritchie, 2020, who show COVID vaccines are being globally disseminated unfairly to countries). Therefore, widespread adoption of OSch practices can aid in abolishing barriers to education, facilitating career progression, and providing more opportunities to enter academia for everyone without exceptions. What OSch can provide to students and aspiring scholars are accessible and ethically curated tools, equipping them with the knowledge and skills to advance not only open and reproducible scholarship by progressing the processes of science making, but also to contribute to sustained culture changes by ultimately improving diversity and representation within science. If we break the boundaries posed by the present academic environment, an inclusive space can be constructed for all scholars to thrive, and in particular, neurodivergent students and scholars, who are underrepresented in academic scholarship and often marginalised in academia. Aim While there has been some discussion in academia about how OSch can benefit marginalised voices such as females, transgender individuals, and underrepresented ethnic and racial minorities (e.g., Ledgerwood et al., 2022; Pownall et al., 2020; Robertson, 2020), neurodivergent researchers have not received as much attention as is critically needed. In this manuscript, we aim to discuss neurodiversity and its relevance to, and relationship with, OSch, then reflect on how these movements may benefit one another. We follow with an in-depth consideration of the interplay between neurodiversity, other protected characteristics (e.g., gender, race, and sexuality), and social justice. Finally, prior to drawing conclusions and identifying some of the current issues and potential avenues for future discussion, we address a concrete action plan of how OSch can be used to mitigate the effect of barriers encountered by neurodivergent researchers and how this is being implemented by Framework of Open Reproducible Research and Training (FORRT) (https://forrt.org/).Our PositionalityWe are a group of neurotypical and neurodivergent researchers at different career stages who are a part of the FORRT community, aiming to make academia and the OSch community more open to neurodiversity. Everyone is welcome in this group. This manuscript is written as a collective work of early career researchers that includes incoming graduate student(s), doctoral researchers, postdoctoral associates, and lecturers from different backgrounds and countries. The plurality of these perspectives is especially beneficial to explore OSch from a neurodiversity viewpoint, by bringing a wide variety of perspectives, experiences, capacities, and resources that can be used to best promote scientific practices and improve scientific dissemination and educational practices. The meaning of the term ‘neurodiversity’ and linguistic prescription of neurodivergent condition slightly differs among the authors of this paper, depending on our epistemological, ontological, and methodological perspectives and also, our unique lived experiences (see Dwyer, 2022 regarding different meanings of neurodiversity). The concept of neurodiversity was formed out of a need to combat the ableist nature that has suppressed the voices of neurodivergent individuals (Singer, 2017), and the recommendation that academia and psychology need to be critically restructured in order to include neurodivergent voices (Muggleton et al., 2022). We aim to discuss how the neurodiversity movement intersects with other minority movements and OSch. We want to emphasise how differences should be highlighted and accepted, shed light on the barriers encountered by neurodivergent individuals, and evaluate the ableist, colonial, heteronormative and patriarchal assumptions about the concept of knowledge, accessibility, and the concept of neurodiversity. We share specific recommendations that further support diversity in research, equity, and social justice while differing in research epistemology, methodology, etc. Our neurodiversity team is a group that currently consists of anxious, autistic, depressive, developmental coordination disorder/condition: (DCD/DCC), dyslexic, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/condition (ADHD/ADHC) individuals as well as neurotypical allies who champion neurodiverse voices in academia (see supplementary tables). To reflect our mission of justice and equity in academia we created the Academic Wheel of Privilege (see Supplementary Figure 2) as a framework for reflecting on our intersecting identities across multiple domains (e.g. race, wealth, health, gender, education, etc). This framework was adapted from Sylvia Duckworth’s Wheel of Privilege and acknowledges the intersectionality framework developed by Kimberlee Crenshaw (Crenshaw, 2017). We each examined our degree of privilege/marginalisation experienced in academic and wider societal context through a scoring system. Authors with fewer “privileges points” were prioritised in the author list.Part 1: Neurodiversity Neurodiversity is the non-pathological variation in the human brain regarding movement, sociability, learning, attention, mood, and other mental functions at a group level (Singer, 2017). An individual is neurodivergent if their neurology diverges from that of the neurological majority (neurotypical; see examples in neurodiversity sphere in Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1 for a glossary of terms such as autistic, DCD/DCC, and ADHD/ADHC). Neurodivergent conditions are frequently centred around diagnoses fitting a narrow set of presentations or behaviours, as such a universal agreement on the classification of neurodivergence does not currently exist (Ne’eman & Pellicano, 2022). We take an inclusive approach to neurodivergence and propose that it is not solely dependent on a diagnosis and takes into account the variable nature of human neurobiology.Although one can descriptively argue for neurodivergence to include differences such as left-handedness, here we especially refer to neurological disabilities (and for neurodiversity to refer to the inclusion of people with and without neurological disabilities: Kapp, 2020). The neurodiversity movement takes place within the disability rights movement, borrowing concepts from other sub-movements like Deaf culture, independent living, and self-advocacy of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (Ne’eman & Pellicano, 2022). The movement began from autistic rights activists counteracting the elimination narrative that autism could be prevented, normalised, or cured, and instead focussed on the need for accommodation, support, and even amelioration of traits that threaten the quality of life (Kapp et al., 2013). Its grassroots activists advocate for the full autism spectrum (Kapp, 2020; Ne’eman & Pellicano, 2022), and likewise, value the contributions of people with intellectual disabilities to scholarship and society. Supported by the growth of the inclusive post-secondary education movement (Raynor et al., 2016) and participatory research (e.g., Chapko et al., 2020; Tilley et al., 2021), people with intellectual disabilities increasingly contribute to higher education and participatory research. The issue of the scope or boundaries of neurodivergence is important but relatively unexplored and demands future research on the views of people with neurological conditions (see Dwyer, 2022; Ne’eman & Pellicano 2022 for discussions on ethical considerations).Neurodiversity is critically relevant to the social sciences as it discusses the diverse cognitions and behaviours forming the foundations of what it means to be unique and human. Importantly, the neurodiversity movement questions the assumption that all humans must conform to the same expectations in order to flourish, but instead assumes that neurodivergent individuals such as autistic, ADHD/ADHC, dyslexic and/or DCD/DCC individuals have valuable human differences in behaviour and brain function and that it is okay to be different. Put simply, ‘Variety’s the very spice of life, That gives it all its flavour’ (Cowper, 1785, lines 606–607). With this in mind, in a system such as academia that draws upon a hidden curriculum and is focused upon unstandardised metrics, where are the neurodivergent researchers, scholars, and students? We are here but hardly seen or recognised. Within US universities, data from 2015/16 suggest that 19% of undergraduates as well as 12% of postgraduate students reported a disability (NCES, 2017). Similarly, according to the UK Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA, 2022), in 2020/21 17% of undergraduates reported a disability, dropping to 12% for postgraduates. This decreases even further, as only 5% of staff at UK universities in 2020/2021 disclosed a physical or neurological disability (HESA, 2022). The true figures for staff disability are likely to be higher than reported as concerns regarding negative perceptions of disability disclosure remain, with recent literature highlighting concerns around feelings of being defined by their disability (Brown & Leigh, 2018), or perceptions of not being able to contribute to academia due to their disability being mentioned as reasons not to disclose (Mellifont et al., 2021). Figure 1.The nested intersecting spheres of neurodiversity, Open Scholarship (OSch), Social Justice and Universal Design for Learning. The smaller spheres of Open Scholarship and Social Justice show key pillars and their interactions with each other. The six pillars in the social justice sphere are adapted from North (2006). The smaller spheres in the neurodiversity sphere illustrate examples of neurodiversity (e.g., dyslexia, bipolar disorder/condition and neurotypicality). The outermost ring of the neurodiversity sphere indicates other identities (e.g., socio-economic status) that intersect with being neurodivergent/neurotypical and each other. The outer ring connecting neurodiversity, OSch and Social Justice shows the shared values between them with Universal Design being at the intersection of these values. Note our examples of neurodivergent conditions and intersecting identities are not exhaustive and we present a subset here. See Supplementary Figure 1 for extended figure description.Part 2: Synergistic relationship between neurodiversity and Open ScholarshipOne key foundation of OSch is accessibility, a key facet that also belongs to the neurodiversity movement (e.g., Brown & Leigh, 2018; Brown et al., 2018). Yet despite this significant overlap between the goals of OSch and Neurodiversity movements (e.g., accessibility, fairness, equity, diversity, and inclusion as core values), current discussions in OSch have given little attention to the neurodiverse experience. It is thus a priority to build a community that discusses how the neurodiversity movement can be included into OSch, as the lived experience of neurodivergent individuals (including encountered barriers) may help to enhance accessibility, allowing OSch to be truly open (Whitaker & Guest, 2020).There are many potential ways that embracing neurodiversity would benefit the OSch movement. Neurodivergent individuals think about and experience the world differently, thus including neurodivergent researchers in the OSch discourse would only strengthen and diversify it, offering a perspective based on the difficulties that we encounter in accessing traditional science. Although there has been no direct work investigating the influence of neurodiversity on OSch, some links have been made between neurodiversity and scientific or applied science practices more generally. One common problem that autistic scholar Damian Milton (2012) has termed the “double empathy problem” explains communication breakdowns that often occur between autistic and neurotypical individuals caused by both parties’ difficulties in understanding one another. Further reflective work by autistic clinical psychologists has suggested that difficulties in understanding (neurotypical) social rules and others’ thought processes, which under the medical model would be viewed as a disability, may in fact add value by encouraging observation, evidence gathering, active attempts to understand viewpoints different from one’s own, and developing the ability to ask “difficult” questions (Hawker, 2017; Muggleton & Johnston, 2016; Radev, 2020). This process could benefit all through challenging the hidden curriculum and encouraging reflection on what is taught in classrooms in a less explicit way, whilst also potentially benefiting minorities by inviting a critical evaluation of the implicit biases we all hold and may incorporate in classes unintentionally. Furthermore, Radev (2020), an assistant psychologist diagnosed with autism, noted that “being self-aware of my difficulties further encourages me to follow information-gathering procedures and to always be questioning my own conclusions and methods” (p. 50). Although these qualities were discussed in relation to clinical training, they reflect crucial elements of OSch - transparent and critical evaluation of one’s own and others’ work. Neurodivergent individuals also differ in their moral judgement, cognitive judgments, and decisions (Dempsey et al., 2020; Rozenkrantz et al., 2021), which may be helpful in the OSch movement and advancement of science. For example, a strong sense of justice is often reported in autistic (e.g., Russell et al., 2019) and ADHD/ADHC (Schäfer & Kraneburg, 2015) individuals, with other neurominorities (e.g. DCD/DCC; Smith & Kirby, 2021) also anecdotally reporting a similar strong sense of justice. These traits arguably exemplify the integrity and transparency of OSch. Within academia, this strong sense of justice can motivate activism in OSch and other social movements, such as movements for social justice or opposing the climate crisis. In discussing their experiences as autistic researchers, Grant and Kara (2021) identify this as a motive for engaging in emancipatory and participatory health research. Furthermore, differences in moral reasoning may help neurodivergent researchers to identify ethical or epistemological issues which would otherwise remain uncovered. This difference in moral reasoning reflects a larger heterogeneity of information processing across the neurodiversity spectrum, including differences in creative or divergent thinking (Best et al., 2015; Colautti et al., 2021; Magenes et al., 2021; Majeed et al., 2021; Sedgwick et al., 2019), vocabulary and reading experience (e.g., Elsherif et al., 2021), pattern recognition (Baron-Cohen et al., 2009; Schneps et al., 2011), and the influence of cognitive biases (Rozenkrantz et al., 2021). In particular, cognitive biases such as confirmation bias have been identified as a key issue in the interpretation of scientific results. However, autistic individuals appear to be less prone to these biases and generally make more rational judgements and decisions (Rozenkrantz et al., 2021). Given that OSch aims to identify and mitigate against these biases (Bishop, 2020), autistic researchers could play a key role in assessing existing research systems and processes for potential sources of bias, developing ways to mitigate against such biases, or conducting research including replication studies, meta-analyses and systematic reviews with reduced bias. Cognitive and behavioural differences also influence the process of assessing others’ work. For example, autistic researchers have reported strengths in repetitive and detail-oriented tasks, such as data processing (Grant & Kara, 2021; Hawker, 2017). These skills are particularly valuable in peer review of preprints or open code as they enable the identification of errors, one of the major goals of OSch.Though not always the case, some neurodivergent individuals also experience strong interests (commonly labelled “special interests” in the autistic community, but sometimes labelled as involving “monotropism”; Murray, 2020; Murray et al., 2005), reflecting a preference for a narrower range of topics of interest than average but deeper knowledge about them. Neurodivergent individuals also report experiences of hyperfocus, that is, an intense state of attention upon an intrinsically rewarding task which results in inattention to one’s surroundings (Ashinoff & Abu-Akel, 2021). Hyperfocus is often linked to the pursuit of one’s special interest (Russell et al., 2019), but has also been reported to occur for ADHD/ADHC individuals and neurotypicals (Groen et al., 2020; Hupfeld et al., 2018). Neurodivergent researchers often report having their research area as their special interest (i.e., intense and passionate level of focus on things or events of interest; Martin, 2020). Within the context of academia, OSch may become a special interest of a neurodivergent scholar. This would lead the individual to learn more about the problems identified by the OSch movement and proposed methods to overcome these issues. On the individual level, this may lead to research led by a scholar implementing these solutions and becoming more rigorous. For example, a scholar who develops a special interest in robust statistical inference could be expected to apply this to their own work and share the good practice by making their statistical code openly available. Furthermore, hyperfocus would allow the neurodivergent researcher to immerse themself in their subject of interest and assess aspects of their research. On a broader level, this may drive engagement and innovation in OSch practices, as the individual may encourage colleagues' participation, overcome organisational issues relating to OSch, or aim to address unsolved issues.Though the previous paragraphs are primarily focused on autistic academics, this is a reflection on the literature available, with little research currently done on other conditions (Bishop, 2010). Regardless, OSch would clearly benefit from greater inclusion of neurodivergent researchers, and likewise, neurodivergent individuals would also benefit from their inclusion in this movement.The cultural and institutional reforms advocated for by the OSch movement are of particular benefit to neurodivergent researchers. Team Science (Kozlowski, 2018; Rolland et al., 2021) and large-scale collaborations allow us to highlight our skills while allowing others to compensate for our struggles. For example, a ADHD/ADHC and/or dyslexic researcher may develop innovative ideas but struggle to implement them; likewise, an autistic researcher may have a preference for systematising others’ ideas. Furthermore, the shared workload may lead to reduced pressure on individual disabled researchers. It is important to note that to benefit from these collaborations, they must be accessible to all and account for all communication preferences.Another reform that would benefit all is “slow science”. Contrasting from the current system of publish-or-perish culture that actively encourages poor research practice in order to get more publications (see the glossary for p-hacking, salami slicing), slow science emphasises a move towards fewer publications but with a greater focus on higher quality research practice, teamwork, and transparency of the process (Frith, 2020; Parsons et al., 2022). Though slow science would benefit everyone involved in the research process, for neurodiverse individuals the reduction of publication pressure and the implementation of a teamwork-focused research culture would allow the opportunity to maximise the strengths listed above. The adoption of these two methods wouldn’t just benefit neurodiverse researchers, but science as a whole.Beyond research, it has been noted that changes to systems that benefit neurodivergent academics often also benefit neurotypical academics (Martin, 2020). For example, before the COVID-19 global pandemic, technologies such as Microsoft Teams, Panapto, and Zoom enabled remote learning to occur but were not always deemed to be a popular choice (e.g. Geange et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2020) and thus rarely used. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sudden need to rely on remote teaching, and these technologies were seen as successful tools and lauded by neurotypical individuals as methods to improve accessibility (e.g. Crawford et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2020). This highlights how remote learning improves accessibility for both neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, with tools to include closed captions in online meetings/learning improving accessibility further. In turn, reducing the highly pressured workload faced by academics generally would improve working conditions for all but with a particularly noticeable impact on neurodivergent individuals.However, OSch can also benefit the neurodiversity movement beyond academia. By reducing barriers to accessing and engaging in science, it improves the extent to which neurodivergent members of the public can inform research. For example, the traditional model of having two or three reviewers from within the field and often suggested by the author(s) limits the perspectives and constructive critiques which influence published research. Early access to preprints allows for more perspectives to be taken into account, including those of academic and non-academic neurodivergent individuals. As a step further, editorial boards can recruit reviewers from neurodivergent communities who may have experiences and strengths that can aid in improving the clarity of the manuscript, making the sharing of data and stimuli more open and accessible, while allowing for the layperson to have access to a deeper understanding of their own condition, with some journals already adopting this practice (e.g. non-academic autistic reviewers among at least one autistic reviewer per paper policy of the Autism in Adulthood journal). This allows neurodiverse perspectives to influence research which affects them, the findings of which in turn can inform their self-advocacy and may feed into wider social or organisational policies. Similar to the imperative to pay community partners fairly in participatory research (Nicolaidis et al., 2019), community reviewers also should be compensated (see Aczel et al., 2021).Neurodiverse perspectives can be more explicitly included in research and policy-making decisions that affect them using emancipatory and/or participatory approaches, such as participatory action research (e.g., Bertilsdotter-Rosqvist et al., 2019; Fletcher-Watson et al., 2018; Grant & Kara, 2021; Leadbitter et al., 2021; Nicolaidis et al., 2019; Strang et al., 2019; Strang et al., 2020). These have considerable potential for facilitating collective knowledge creation, which simultaneously drives social change that benefits neurodivergent people, as it enables co-creation of projects that consider a diverse range of perspectives. Participatory approaches are rarely considered in quantitative research (Gearing, 2004), although there is some discussion within qualitative research,( see Bennett, 2021 and Tamminen et al., 2021 for recommendations). However, these approaches can work hand-in-hand simultaneously to generate transparent and rigorous research, while addressing current OSch principles and practices which serve to reinforce inequalities.To summarise, making research more accessible is essential for unlocking barriers to participating in research, allowing science to truly progress. However, until we acknowledge that accessibility means accessible for everyone, OSch cannot truly be ‘open’.Part 3: Intersectionality, interplay of neurodiversity, social justice and Open Scholarship and universal designInterplay of Social Justice and Open ScholarshipMany OSch policies and practices (e.g., FAIR principles, open code, data, education, materials, etc.) are rooted in ethical and utilitarian interests (McKiernan et al., 2016; Willinsky, 2006) such as that of accessibility, inclusivity, equity, and integrity in the creation, comprehension, dissemination and evaluation of research (Azevedo et al., 2022; Fecher & Friesike, 2014). However, OSch is largely embedded within academia, which in turn can be viewed as a microcosm of wider society. Just as society’s institutions and systems of power and privilege serve a narrow demographic, so does academia, which reinforces the dominant values of the academic archetype (Shin, 2008). Alone, OSch practices are unlikely to be able to promote social justice and may propagate injustices, as academic power and privilege remains in the hands of the few (e.g., Bropen Science, Whitaker & Guest, 2020). Policies such as open source, where data systems curated mostly by the academic archetype, can introduce and propagate unconscious biases along the data pipeline, as perspectives from marginalised groups are excluded (Johnson, 2014). Solving the myriad of ways that inequalities are reinforced in societal and academic spheres requires an understanding of the interplay of these power-privilege systems from the individual to the societal level.Despite these issues, OSch shares key goals with contemporary social justice: creating equitable and inclusive spaces for the benefit of the whole community, not only a few selected members of it. Multiple models of social justice exist (see North, 2006), but a central tenet of social justice in most of those models is fairness by means of solving inequalities as a collective (Barry, 2005). In striving to solve inequalities, there is a recognition of the multidirectional tensions between social organisational scales (e.g., from individuals to communities and institutions, see social justice sphere in Figure 1; North, 2006). OSch and social justice must be paired to create an inclusive learning/research environment for all to thrive. One way in which this can happen is through citizen science, a branch of OSch. Citizen science bridges the academic and society spheres by recognising the importance of a transdisciplinary approach to knowledge creation and dissemination (Cohn, 2008). This democratisation of research can be facilitated by harnessing technological advances (e.g., artificial intelligence and smartphone applications; Robinson et al., 2018; Scheibein et al., 2022). Citizen science, in addition to participatory research, provides another opportunity for neurodivergent individuals who might have faced barriers to entering or staying in academia and contributing to scholarship.Intersectionality and NeurodivergenceIndividuals exist in society within multiple overlapping socio-political identity spheres. Intersectionality acknowledges the complexity of this multifaceted and dynamic nature of people’s identity and provides a perspective on how multiple forms of inequality operate together to exacerbate each other (Crenshaw, 1989). One implication of the intersectionality framework is that identity cannot be examined on a single axis at a time in isolation (e.g., only race, gender, sexuality, (dis)ability, socio-economic status, religion, see outer ring in Figure 1 for more examples) but instead requires simultaneous consideration of overlapping forms of identity. These different concurrent forms of identity can have multiplicative effects that are not the sum of the component elements. Those effects are experienced along a privilege-discrimination spectrum. The contemporary use of intersectionality by Crenshaw (1989) was borne out of the need to address the compounded socio-economic discrimination experienced by African American women during the Civil Rights era. It is noteworthy that uses of intersectionality have been adopted by various temporal and cultural contexts, including those outside the Global North, and are not restricted to the axes of race and gender (Collins & Bilge, 2020). In the neurodiversity context, Singer consciously meant for the term neurodiversity to form a new axis within the intersectionality framework, as a means to interrogate discrimination based on neurology (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022; Singer, 2017). Further, the neurodivergent sphere is diverse with people with other axes of identity mentioned above, presenting unique sets of challenges and/or privileges in navigating society in general and specifically academia. Adopting the intersectionality lens in academia is necessary to challenge the dominant academic narrative, which currently excludes under-represented voices (Collins & Bilge, 2020; Khelifa & Mahdjoub, 2022). Intersectionality in OSch also allows us to examine inclusion practices to identify and reduce toxic behaviour, whilst uplifting traditionally marginalised voices. Doing so will allow us to make an environment more accessible, equitable and inclusive to all.Individuals with intersecting identities can experience the resulting benefits and/or challenges. The perspective of an all-or-nothing between benefits and challenges (i.e., intersecting identities and scholarship) ignores the nuance of intersectionality and importantly, the intrinsic and extrinsic experiences surrounding an individual’s identities and social structures. Individuals with intersectional identities are often faced with situations and environments to survive rather than thrive. They may grapple with balancing the benefits of self-disclosure of their multiple identities (e.g. accommodations, cultural awareness) with potential challenges (e.g. loss of opportunities, being perceived as a nuisance). Resorting to survival mechanisms, such as masking or camouflaging, a neurodivergent individual with intersecting identities finds ways to “blend in” among neurotypical peers (Sedgewick et al., 2021). The trade-off of chronic masking is its impact on an individual’s psychological wear-and-tear and sense of identity at the cost of blending in with social standards. In an environment where diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are promoted, gaps between teaching and practice lead to a mis-messaging of DEI awareness and acceptance (Cage & Howes, 2020). This leads to confusion for all on whether it is truly safe for an individual to disclose their intersectional identities and ask for accommodations, even through appropriate administrative mechanisms. Being turned down for an accommodation request – even if that request is reasonable by general standards – can leave an individual unsure whether the denial could relate to their disability status, socio-political identity (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation), both, or neither. This ambiguity adds to the daily microaggressions experienced by individuals who are marginalised by social standards favoured by neurotypical, non-disabled, and cis-het societies. Multiple minoritised neurodivergent people can experience poorer psychological and physical wellbeing through this ‘minority stress’ from the compounded stress of masking, discrimination, or stigmatisation, in addition to everyday stresses experienced by everybody (Meyer, 2003). This increased burden of stress on neurodivergent students results in poorer academic attainment and in extreme cases, may mean their only option is to drop out of their program of study (Cage & Howes, 2020; Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022). Intersection of Neurodivergence, Race and EthnicityThe complex socio-historical legacy of neurodiversity research as only a “white boys” phenomenon is still evident today in many racialised people of colour (POC) communities (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022). The research of neurodivergent conditions, remains practised by and studied on a slender demographic (Jones & Mandell, 2020; but see Lopez & Strang, 2021). The narrow blueprint for what constitutes “acceptable” neurodivergent presentations or characteristics has meant that many neurodivergent POC, women and trans and/or non-binary people are chronically under-/misdiagnosed, and under-represented in research, both as researchers and as study subjects (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022; Morgan et al., 2022). Racialised Black neurodivergent people in North America and Europe encounter multi-layered challenges with accessing a formal diagnosis, social integration, and wellbeing (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022; Jones & Mandell, 2020; Robinson, 2013). In the US, even accounting for socio-economic factors, Black Americans experience more healthcare inequalities compared to White people (Jones & Mandell, 2020). Racial inequalities, coupled with the Black American community’s distrust of medical research from historic violations (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis study and Henrietta Lacks’ immortal cells), has led to their low engagement in neurodiversity research (Jones & Mandell, 2020; Nature, 2020).Many neurodivergent POC face a suite of delays and misdiagnoses, often leading to receiving their correct diagnosis later in life, if at all (Jones et al., 2020). People of Colour who are diagnosed in childhood have to combat challenges as outlined in Mandell et al.’s (2006) study. Ethnic disparities in autism diagnosis within the US are a common problem with significant diagnosis delays in Asian (Fong et al., 2021) and Arab American children (Habayeb et al., 2020), as well as misdiagnoses in Black children (Dababnah et al., 2018). For example, Black children in the US were about 2.5 times less likely than White children to receive an autism diagnosis during their first specialist appointment. Black children were more likely to be misdiagnosed with conduct disorder or adjustment disorder than ADHD/ADHC at approximately 5 and 2.5 times the rate of White children, respectively (Mandell et al., 2006). Similar experiences of misdiagnoses and/or misattributions of neurodivergent behaviours are seen in Black dyslexic students in educational settings in the US (Robinson, 2013). Asian children are less likely to receive outpatient services and lower case management services compared to other racial groups (Bilaver et al., 2021; Shorey et al., 2020). These racial/ethnic disparities are likely attributed to a combination of differences in awareness of the diverse presentations of neurodivergence among caregivers, and difficulties communicating and interpreting these differences among educators and clinicians (Liang, 2022; Mandell et al., 2006).The intersection of race and ethnicity in the social integration, identity development and wellbeing of POC is scarcely considered in academic research and societal provisions (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022). Many POC in White-majority countries are burdened with the stress of triple masking: masking or code-switching in White spaces to assimilate to Eurocentric professional standards (e.g., moderating use of African American Vernacular English (AAVE)), masking in neurodivergent (White) spaces (e.g., not discussing cultural special interests), and masking neurodivergent traits (e.g., supressing self-stimulatory behaviours)  in POC community spaces to avoid lateral discrimination/ostracisation (Botha & Gillespie-Lynch, 2022; Liang, 2022). Many neurodivergent POC make numerous daily micro-decisions between their comfort and wellbeing on the one hand and personal safety on the other. Examples include not wearing headphones needed to prevent auditory sensory overload in public, in order to be aware of potential danger; wearing restrictive “smart” office attire to educational or financial institutions to be seen as competent and/or not suspicious, at the expense of sensory comfort; forcing eye contact; and suppressing self-stimulatory behaviour or potential shutdowns/meltdowns/situational mutism in public, to minimise chances of being seen as a threat. In the U.S., POC, particularly Black and Latine autistic people have disproportionally more negative and fatal encounters with law enforcement like arrest, brutality, and murder by police officers than White or Asian Americans (Liang, 2022; Menifield et al 2018). It is thought up to 50% of people killed by U.S. police officers are disabled, but disaggregated data of law enforcement engagement in both racialised minorities and disabled communities is unknown (Liang, 2022). Even if these negative encounters with police occur outside the campus gates, the psychological stress bleeds into study/work life affecting wellbeing, sense of belonging and productivity. In academic settings, the disproportionate weight of first impressions, known as the primacy effect (Forgas, 2011), means many neurodivergent POC do not have the privilege of unmasking (Giwa Onaiwu, 2020). The intersection of neurodivergence with race/ethnicity adds to the burden of already trying to counteract racial/ethnic stereotypes in White-majority spaces (e.g., Black women as angry or hypersexualised, Black men as lazy, Arab men as terrorists, Asians as inferior, Asian women as submissive and demure). This adds to the weight of initial impressions at first committee/supervisor meetings, or conference networking events as these interactions can determine access to future job and funding opportunities.These enduring stressors can lead to an eroded sense of self with negative consequences for wellbeing. However, Botha and Gillespie-Lynch (2022) noted that neurodivergent POC youth within POC family/community networks with strong cultural and value systems were buffered from some of these effects of navigating oppressive spaces and had a well-developed racial/ethnic identity.Intersection of Neurodivergence and LGBTQIA+The heterogeneity of neurodiversity is matched by equal diversity in gender, sexuality, and sexual orientation (Sala et al., 2020). Individuals whose neurodivergent identity intersects with one belonging to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual/aromantic (LGBTQIA+) spectrum may grapple with double disclosure as a double minority. Disclosure of one, the other, or both may depend on the context and environment. Open disclosure of both identities can have a positive effect on awareness and acceptance as an advocate of others and on individual empowerment as a self-advocate, which can come with a cost. Individuals who identify as one or more of the LGBTQIA+ identities may have similar disparity experiences and realise that there could also be differences in their disclosure experiences. Focusing differences that can occur during disclosure, a neurodivergent individual who is also transgender may find that they are often overexplaining their intersectionality to educate others, something that other neurodivergent individuals on the LGBTQIA+ spectrum may not experience to an extent (Strang et al., 2018). Specific to transgender individuals, approximately 6–26% meet diagnostic criteria for autism (see a systematic review by Thrower et al., 2019). Autistic individuals and gender-diverse individuals, respectively, often report feeling isolated, and at the intersectionality of both, the impact of social isolation is even stronger (Strang et al., 2018). Emerging research is finding higher rates of non-heterosexuality in autistic adolescents and young adults than their non-autistic peers (Weir et al., 2021). In this research literature, much of the focus is on mental health problems that are experienced by autistic LGBTQIA+ individuals (Davis et al., 2022), and less attention has been given to resilience traits and identity development, as well as advocacy empowerment. The intersectionality between neurodivergence and gender, sexuality, and sexual orientation is unfortunately an understudied topic; therefore, those who identify with this intersectionality are not represented in scientific work limiting evidence-based approaches that can improve this population’s quality of life. There is emerging scholarship at the intersection of neurodivergence and LGBTQIA+ with the use of the term neuroqueer in academic and social justice circles (Oswald et al., 2021). Neuroqueer, first coined by the scholars Yergeau, Michaels-Dillon and Walker, aims to extend the neurodiversity paradigm using an intersectional lens with queer theory (Walker & Raymaker, 2021). Neuroqueerness actively challenges the dominant societal expectations of cis-heteronormativity and neuronormality by resisting compliance, conformity and narratives of cures (e.g., Applied Behavioural Analysis and conversion therapy; Oswald et al., 2021). It values neurodiversity and queerness as non-pathological variations in people, allowing individuals to fluidly reclaim space to fully be and express oneself (Walker & Raymaker, 2021; Oswald et al., 2021).Intersection of Neurodivergence and Co-occurring DisabilitiesMany neurodivergent individuals also have diagnoses of other disabilities and have to grapple with additional accessibility challenges and ableism (Mannion & Leader, 2013, Tye et al., 2019). Research suggests that a small number of physical-related health conditions are prevalent in neurodivergent conditions, including asthma, daytime urinary incontinence, epilepsy, faecal incontinence, gastrointestinal issues, allergies and sleep disorders (e.g., Ajdacic-Gross et al., 2020; Cashin et al., 2018; von Gontard et al., 2021). To date, research regarding co-occurrence and neurodivergent individuals has focused on describing the overlap of a specific neurodivergent condition with other medical conditions, with findings suggesting that on average, neurodivergent individuals have other conditions that are ignored or rarely acknowledged (Bishop-Fitzpatrick & Rubenstein, 2019; Elsherif et al., 2021), leading to less discussion of how best to provide reasonable adjustments that can support the individual and make them feel included and belonged in a specific environment. In turn, this makes it more challenging for students to continue their education. We need to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of these co-occurrences at the patient, provider, systems, and population level and how they affect the quality of life for these specific individuals in order to make the environment they live in less discriminatory, embarrassing, and more inclusive.In addition, there is still an assumption that there is one form of ‘the human mind’ and accordingly, many systems (education, employment, health, and social services, social relationships) have been built up premised on being neurotypical and able-bodied. Building a society that is accessible for neurodivergent people is not only beneficial for everyone, but fair. However, professionals lack basic knowledge for neurodivergent individuals that they can provide a constructive dialogue in order to deliver effective treatment to aid neurodivergent individuals with physical-related illnesses such as incontinence. As a result of this double empathy problem (see Supplemental Table 1), it can lead to additional illnesses to be ignored or excluded, thus neurodivergent individuals with these physical-related illnesses will be more likely to have poorer mental health and be unable to alleviate the burden they may encounter. In light of this increased potential for poor long-term outcomes, it is critical that those who provide education and health services to possess a fundamental knowledge of these conditions to support neurodivergent individuals; to rely on not a single professional but an interdisciplinary and holistic approach, to provide optimal care in order to provide the best quality of life for neurodivergent individuals (e.g., see Ready to Act model; Scottish Government, 2016); and finally to be cognisant of the intersectionality between neurodivergent and other physical-related health communities.However, as a result of poor awareness, it is also common for neurodevelopmental conditions to be misdiagnosed as mental illness, alternative neurodivergent conditions and physical-related conditions, leading to the individual feeling like the problem and believing they will place additional burdens on other adults. Any effort to support neurodivergent children with several co-occurring conditions should be provided in a culturally safe and responsive manner. Professionals should develop their knowledge on neurodiversity by working to build understanding of the barriers these neurodivergent subgroups may encounter, examine their own privilege and biases, and integrate these insights to inform the care that can best provide a more holistic picture of the neurodivergent individual. Individuals whose identity intersects with neurodiversity and other co-occurring disabilities may deal with additional experiences that may not be understood by individuals who are only neurodivergent. Accessing and communicating support needs can be challenging when symptoms overlap between neurodivergent conditions and physical disabilities. For example, it can be difficult to disentangle the cause and therefore access to appropriate diagnoses/support for issues like poor working memory (“brain fog”), which is common with ADHD/ADHC, as it is for chronic inflammatory conditions like arthritis or lupus (Mackay, 2015). For ADHD/ADHC individuals with heart conditions, it can be harder to manage their ADHD/ADHC where often the first line of treatment is stimulant medication, due to increased risk of heart problems (Sinha et al., 2016). For neurodivergent individuals experiencing a flare up in their chronic illness (e.g., increased pain and/or fatigue and brain fog), it can further exacerbate executive functioning issues already present with their neurodivergent condition. Flare ups can be stress-induced (Jedel et al., 2014), which can be caused by being in high-pressure academic settings, leading to lower quality of life and work performance. DuPaul et al (2020) noted that ADHD/ADHC students in the U.S. were more susceptible to effects of stress especially with co-occurring psychiatric conditions like depression resulting in lower grade point averages (GPA) and likelihood of course completion compared to their peers without depression and/or anxiety.The dynamic nature of physical disabilities adds additional challenges to neurodivergent staff and students in academia, as performance metrics are set at a neurotypical and able-bodied standard. Individuals will often need to take time off to manage their chronic illness (e.g., rest days, hospital check-ups, physical therapy), which can put pressure on ongoing commitments such as teaching, research, or assignments. These work absences mean individuals are unable to consistently fulfil their academic duties, which can lead to ableist remarks of being “lazy” or “unmotivated” from their peers. Further, a lack of awareness of disabilities in academic spaces means individuals expend a lot of time and energy advocating for accommodations, which are not always granted. Pre-pandemic, flexible or remote working was a frequently denied accommodation for chronically ill/neurodivergent people, as in-person attendance was seen as “essential” (Bosua & Gloet, 2021; Schur et al., 2020). However, the pandemic forced us all to re-examine our relationship to work. It has shown us that effective remote working is possible, albeit with some challenges, for various academic activities like online meetings, conferences, networking and teaching (Chacón‐Labella et al., 2021; Pionke, 2022). Emerging evidence is showing that flexible working has been beneficial for people’s wellbeing and productivity: autistic people (Lawrence, 2021), cancer survivors (Kruse et al., 2022), Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (Knoop & Dunwoody, 2022), arthritic individuals, people with cardiovascular diseases, and sleep disorders (Vanajan et al., 2020). It is important to acknowledge and address the barriers of flexible/remote working such as access to digital infrastructure, lack of flexibility, disability cultural awareness and training of managers, being overlooked for opportunities only available in-person (Bosua & Gloet, 2021; Schur et al., 2020) to create academic spaces that foster a sense of belonging and are fully accessible for disabled people.Intersection of Neurodivergence and Socioeconomic StatusMicro- and macro-systematic barriers, such as health service disparity and access to education, disproportionately impact neurodivergent individuals from low-to-middle income countries (LMIC). OSch is necessary for connecting these individuals with professionals, researchers, educators and policy experts. Accessibility needs to include open access of knowledge and education to populations that are most impacted by systemic inequities (e.g., intersectionality of neurodivergence and LMIC). When scholarship is inaccessible (e.g., publication fees, journal subscription), the inequity gap widens; for instance, authors from LMIC rarely are lead authors (Ross-Hellauer, 2022; Kwon, 2022), while the number of neurodivergent lead authors is unknown, as is the intersection of neurodivergence and LMIC authors. Scientific work on marginalised and minoritised communities needs to be accessible to individuals who come from these backgrounds. Thus, self-advocacy is strengthened by use of empirical science and theoretical frameworks guiding information through advocacy for policy change.Socioeconomic inequity impacts access to formal diagnosis, especially for individuals in low-to-middle income socio-economic status (SES). While early diagnosis has been a consistent aim among stakeholders (Freeman et al., 2019; Gu, 2019; Harris et al., 2019; Song et al., 2022), a significant proportion of the low-to-middle income SES population continues to be unscreened for developmental and mental health disabilities as well as co-occurring medical conditions, particularly POC (Keynejad et al., 2018; Niessen et al., 2018). Burgeoning late diagnosis of a developmental disability (Green et al., 2019; Leedham et al., 2020) indicates six of several underlying problems: 1) lack of access to early screening (Choo et al., 2019); 2) low awareness of developmental disabilities (Whittle et al., 2018); 3) distrust of healthcare professionals (Zeleke et al., 2019); 4) fear of not being believed (Lewis, 2017); 5) misgendering or sex bias in characterizing disability conditions (Bargiela et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2022); and 6) low cultural competency in patient-provider interactions (Aylward et al., 2021; Eken et al., 2021). Some still cannot access a formal diagnosis when missed as a child due to living in a LMIC or region, immigration status, lack of healthcare coverage, language/communication barrier, or lack of access to a professional licensed to conduct diagnostic evaluations. For these individuals, self-diagnosis through increased awareness and openly accessible screenings may be the only option. Until the six underlying problems above are addressed, self-diagnosis will continue to be some individuals’ only option for self-advocacy. Taken together, classist, sexist, paternalistic and racist systems of oppression and domination coordinate to deliver the figure of a neurodivergent individual as cisgender, White, middle class and male. This neurominority is taken to reflect the average neurodivergent individual, despite being a product of the systems of oppression which cooperatively function to pathologise neurominorities, misdiagnose under-represented minorities to exclude them from participating in the social phenomenon of neurodiversity, provide few (if any) reasonable adjustments, and perceive neurominorities as a commodities/objects to be studied, rather than world-makers/subjects in society. People with intersecting oppressed identities experience not only the same oppression as people in any of these groups, but also unique lived experiences of prejudice and disadvantage that apply to a combination of identities. This highlights that intersectionality is required to combat the institutional prejudice and disadvantages that pervade society. Only when institutions take responsibility for making adjustments to support and accommodate under-represented individuals, rather than placing the onus upon these individuals, can an equitable society be realised. Universal Design for Learning and NeurodiversityThere has been a recent shift towards the use of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Defined as educational institutions proactively making adjustments to their approach to learning (e.g., providing editable documents or assignment options) rather than relying on students actively requesting accommodations. When properly implemented, UDL leads to an inclusive environment for learning and scholarship including people of all backgrounds within higher education (Burgstahler & Cory, 2010; CAST, 2022). UDL shares a commonality with the neurodiversity movement: that all of us have a brain that is unique (Waisman et al 2022; Singer, 2021; Blume, 1998). UDL can offer a more flexible and inclusive practice, there is no need to disclose one’s disability, irrespective of student status (Clouder et al., 2020). University staff should recognise the different manners in which students may communicate and contribute, whilst being open to collaborating with students to find suitable approaches. In addition, UDL allows students to engage in the material that best suits their learning. Traditionally, university students are assessed through essays/dissertations, group/individual presentations or examinations, but neurodivergent students may find these types of assignments more challenging despite having the knowledge to succeed. UDL encourages educators to examine the students’ strengths, as opposed to weaknesses and allows students to have more choice. Learners could do a recorded presentation, as opposed to presenting in a group or present the skills they have acquired on the course in a different form that may suit them better. This would benefit the students in terms of better preparation for employment, by focusing on the student’s ability and professional values, as opposed to the challenges. Put simply, it can be described as neurodiversity involvement for pedagogy.Universities are already making some progress incorporating elements of universal design. This is being accomplished with social and technological changes shaping the educational landscape (e.g., closed captions). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of closed captions in the university context was beginning to be adopted for neurodivergent and neurotypical students to aid learning (Dello Stritto & Linder, 2017) but the rapid transition to remote contexts saw an increased use of closed captions that was seen as beneficial by many students (Chen et al., 2022). More recently, Nightingale et al., (in prep) evaluated the extent undergraduate students used captions in video recorded learning materials (e.g., pre-recorded lectures and/or supplementary lecture recordings). They included closed captions (e.g., rolling ‘subtitles’) or a transcript function in Panopto recordings. Each approach to text-based support depends on automated speech recognition on Panopto but has differing levels of accuracy. The authors found that 60% of students use either closed captions or the transcript function in Panopto video recordings. There were higher levels of use among those that disclosed specific learning difficulties (e.g., ADHD/ADHC, dyslexia) and English language learners. In one-to-one interviews, the authors also noted that students use captioning to support note-taking, their understanding and increase their engagement with recorded materials when viewing recordings and/or revisions. Closed captions were used to compensate for the lecturer’s speaking style (e.g., speaking too quickly to take notes), nature of the material (e.g., unfamiliar scientific terminology) or technical issues (poor audio quality). The use of closed captions offers new endeavours to transform the design of educational experience for students and educators and how current, outdated and existing views of pedagogy fail to recognise new approaches as knowledge contributors in terms of teaching students by making education an inclusive experience. A further UDL incorporation, which can similarly improve the experience of neurodivergent and neurotypical people alike, is the embedding of plain language in teaching and communicating with students. The plain language campaign is currently led by the US government (Blasie, 2021) and wider adoption and effectiveness studies are needed. Plain language is one of the recommendations for accommodation for people with intellectual disabilities (Raymaker et al., 2019) and Developmental Language Disorder/Condition (DLD/DLC) individuals because some of them can experience difficulties processing oral and written sentences (Jones & Westermann, 2021). However, the evidence base for support and accommodations in DLD/DLC is still underdeveloped (Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, 2020). DLD/DLC is highly prevalent in the population (7.6%  prevalence rate, Norbury et al., 2016) and a small proportion of DLD/DLC individuals attend university despite facing barriers (Dubois et al., 2020). Due to the recency of adoption of the term DLD/DLC and it being an invisible disability, it is likely that large portions of the population, student bodies, and academic staff at universities are underserved. Hence, it is essential for universities to consider this type of UD adjustment, especially with the aim of widening access for DLD/DLC individuals and intellectually disabled people. As with other aspects of UD it may be anticipated that plain language will benefit other neurodiverse groups as well (Shailes, 2017).An important core property of UDL is to provide choice to allow students to develop agency in their own learning. Lecturers may feel that academic standards will not be maintained or students will not achieve the learning outcomes. However, student choice and agency aims to remove structural barriers, such as making a specific activity unnecessarily difficult. The aim is not to reduce the academic level. In fact, its aim is to create an environment that benefits all and is crucial to some. For instance, lecture capture allows the student to learn in an environment that suits them and to learn at their own pace. Over decades, lecturers have questioned the effectiveness of lecture capture (Nordmann et al., 2021), but students, for example dyslexics, who otherwise would struggle, may engage with learning and develop at their own speed (Nightingale et al., 2019). Rather than creating concerns on whether students will continue to engage, UDL offers learners an opportunity to develop agency in the process , a goal that lecturers should encourage. Applied more broadly to the academic employees’ relationships, UDL can also improve the academic culture, providing academic workers with opportunities to engage in their trade in a way that fits their neurocognitive style and thus provide a new perspective. Last but not least, UDL promotes and facilitates social justice and equality. For UDL and inclusion for neurodiverse individuals to be truly universal, they need to be embraced both bottom-up and top-down. This would look like individual instructors opting for accessible teaching strategies and universities making a formal commitment to implement recommendations for inclusivity (e.g., Lynch, 2020, Spaeth & Pearson, 2021). Whilst the framework of UDL is widely considered to be beneficial for neurodivergent/disabled learners (Spaeth & Pearson, 2021), there remains challenges to its practical implementation, critique of efficacy for all learners (Boysen, 2021) and accessibility conflicts. Educators in higher education institutions are often not adequately trained or given sufficient resources to implement UDL (e.g. multi modal lecture delivery). Well intentioned educators may continue to use familiar pedagogy because of the perceived (or actual) high workload needed to embed UDL, adding to their already pressured roles. The responsibility of implementing UDL should not solely rest with educators, but requires a partnership between educators, students, and administrators. Resources should be allocated to train educators and administrators in how best to support neurodivergent/disabled learners. It is important to note that UDL does not erase all barriers to learning as some accessibility conflicts will remain (e.g. a neurodiverse class may have an autistic individual who needs low sensory input to learn, whilst another ADHD/ADHC student needs high sensory input), but offers a solution to widespread issues within the current system.Finally, we want academia to approach neurodiversity in the same way that true cosmopolitans approach cultural diversity. We want academics to reject the idea that the lived experiences of neurominorities such as dyslexia, autism, intellectual disability, ADHD/ADHC, which differ from the neuromajority, should be pathologised. Rather, these experiences should be accepted as fundamental to the human experience, to allow us to have different perspectives to understand what it means to be human. As a result, by considering this perspective, ‘‘our strengths and deficits will shape, not deny, our humanity” (Grinker, 2010, p.173). For example, striving for lay and/or plain language, such as including a lay abstract or community brief (now standard in journals like Autism and Autism in Adulthood) makes scholarship more cognitively accessible by explaining complex concepts simply. Through their experience, we can expect neurodivergent academics to be more likely to adopt and promote UDL principles for teaching and learning. The inclusion of neurodivergent people in academia, and particularly in OSch, is therefore likely to support the adoption of those principles which facilitate social justice. Not only that, but as neurodivergent academics, we want to promote UDL principles not only in teaching and learning, but throughout the organisational cultures we navigate daily: UDL applied beyond the classroom to the academic environment, from research seminars to departmental meetings to organisational development, would ensure to promote social justice and equality in our teaching, and in academic career development.Future Directions and Our Action PlanNeurodiversity-informed scholarshipWe are currently crowdsourcing a database of papers by neurodivergent researchers to: recognize their scientific contributions; reduce bias in science by supporting the inclusion of perspectives by both neurotypical researchers and neurodivergent researchers in research articles; and diversify course syllabi by supporting the inclusion of work and perspectives by neurodivergent researchers in lecture notes and readings. In the past two decades, there have been more and more neurodivergent researchers in the fields of education, psychology, and neuroscience. Lived experiences of neurodivergent researchers offer diverse perspectives to advance science, notably but not limited to science of neurodiversity (e.g., Chown et al., 2017; Gillespie-Lynch et al., 2017; Grant & Kara, 2021; Kapp, 2020). For example, Michelle Dawson is commendable for her work in “enhanced perceptual functioning” in Autism (Mottron et al., 2006), and Damien Milton is a pioneer in the “Double Empathy Problem” theory (Milton, 2012). We also hope that this database improves learning engagements and satisfaction of neurodivergent students by diversifying course syllabi, so that they feel included, welcome, and respected by instructors and peers, and that they can have strengths that are essential for research and knowledge development (Grant & Kara, 2021).Furthermore, we believe and hope that the OSch movement can continue to support and benefit the neurodiversity movement. We are part of the FORRT community, which consists of a very inclusive neurodiversity team with both neurodivergent and neurotypical researchers. For example, in our first meetings, we discussed everyone’s access needs and we recognised the dynamic nature of accommodations. In our Code of Conduct (https://forrt.org/coc/), we emphasised that “We pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, social and economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, neurodiversity, or sexual identity and orientation”, and we “Welcome neurodivergent people to make themselves comfortable – feel invited to tic, self-stimulate/stim, fidget, move around etc.”. We hope other education and research communities will incorporate similar important statements in their Code of Conduct and ensure inclusivity of their environments. In addition, we hope our initiative will inspire more many-lab/collaborator projects in neurodiversity or development of neurodiversity teams within Big Team Science groups, notably in developmental psychology (Mascolo & Bidell, 2020), educational psychology (Annan et al., 2008), neuroscience (Gau et al., 2021; Yen et al., 2017), and clinical psychology (Hall et al., 2019) fields following the examples already set (FORRT: Azevedo et al., 2019, 2022; Parsons et al., 2022; Many Babies: Frank et al., 2017; ManyBirds: Lambert et al., 2022; ManyDogs: Espinosa et al., 2022; ManyPrimates: Many Primates et al., 2019; Psychological Science Accelerator: Moshontz et al., 2018). As mentioned above, Big Team Science offers excellent opportunities for neurodivergent individuals, with unique strengths and challenges, supporting each other through an inclusive environment. Moreover, we hope that future conferences in OSch can consider the needs and challenges of neurodivergent individuals (Levitis et al., 2021; Nuwer, 2020). One possible solution is to provide the option of participating in a conference virtually (or in real life if they prefer and can). Another solution, taking inspiration from  the International Society for Autism Research annual meeting who, among others, offers quiet rooms where participants with sensory challenges can have breaks (Nuwer, 2020). This can be incorporated in future OSch conferences. Finally, future conferences can actively seek feedback and suggestions from neurodivergent individuals and implement such suggestions if feasible (Levitis et al., 2021). Neurodiversity in Higher Education and Academia SurveysThere have been surveys on frequency rates of neurodivergent conditions (e.g., HESA, 2022; NCES, 2017), but we are not aware of any non-US/UK or cross-cultural study; studies on experiences of people with neurodivergent conditions in higher education and academia are very limited. To address these gaps and move forward, we plan to conduct quantitative surveys and/or qualitative research to: 1) investigate the frequency of neurodivergent conditions and co-occurring mental health conditions in academia and higher education; 2) understand experiences (e.g., accommodations, relationships with colleagues and supervisors, satisfaction, different types of stigma, disclosure experiences) by neurodivergent individuals in academia and higher education; 3) understand attitudes towards OSch and neurodiversity of both neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals. Victor et al., (2022) investigated the frequency of mental health conditions and experiences of disclosure and stigma among applied psychology graduate students and faculty members in the universities in the United States, finding prevalence rates of ADHD/C, Autism, and Specific Learning Disability are 8.9%, 0.3%, and 3.0% respectively. We hope to adapt (focusing on neurodivergent conditions) and extend their pioneering work by including participants from different disciplines (not limited to psychology), different educational and career stages (i.e., from undergraduate students to tenured professors), and different regions (not limited to United States or United Kingdom samples). Given the aforementioned differences in recorded frequency rates between different education stages (NCES, 2017), we expect that there would also be differences in experiences by neurodivergent individuals and attitudes towards Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship at different career stages (e.g., postgraduate students versus faculty members, see Victor et al., 2021), between disciplines (e.g., Psychology versus other fields), and across cultures (e.g., Western samples versus Asian samples). Investigating such possible differences and moderators in frequency rates, experiences, and attitudes may be important for developing more contextually and culturally-tailored solutions. We believe this would be implementable, given the inclusive, collaborative and multi-cultural nature and rapid growth of “Big Team Science” projects in the Open Scholarship community (Azevedo et al., 2019, 2022; Forscher et al., 2020; Moshontz et al., 2018; Tierney et al., 2020, 2021). We will present and discuss this plan at the The Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS) 2022 Conference, through a hackathon. We hope that we will gain additional insights from the Open Scholarship community for conducting such important research. This would be an important step of understanding and improving conditions and experiences of neurodivergent students and researchers, thus advancing social justice, making Open Scholarship more diverse and representative of the many needs of academics. Further recommendationsIn addition to our own action plan, we want to recommend a number of initiatives and future directions to our readers. We suggest by no means that all these recommendations should be adopted at once: in the spirit of OSch, we want to encourage readers to approach these suggestions as a buffet, changing practices where they can and at a rhythm that they can sustain (Bergmann, 2019, as cited by Whitaker & Guest, 2020).The movement from Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility (DEIA), the promotion and use of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and the Plain English campaign are existing initiatives that we have mentioned above and which can be adopted to make OSch more open, thanks to enhanced inclusion. Additionally, we want to highlight to readers the proposal to shift to inclusive metrics to measure impact (e.g., mentoring; Davies et al., 2021), and the use of inclusive recruitment practices in recruitment (e.g. cluster hiring; Sgoutas-Emch et al., 2016), not only in departments, but also in editorial teams; both these actions would ensure that more diverse voices are heard in the production of science, thereby advancing social justice. At the recruitment level, decision-makers should ensure that assessment methods do not discriminate against neurodivergent applicants, for example by expecting eye contact or body language as usually produced by neurotypical people; providing interview questions in advance; and, learning from UDL, giving job applicants the opportunity to present in flexible formats. Managers in academia should also consider how the workplace environment they provide could be less stimulating at the sensory level, or at least how each staff member can be in control of the amount of sensory stimulation they receive. Management should also consider shifting to hybrid working, enabling remote working when tasks do not require it, rather than prioritise a return to campus. Finally, the use of self-certified sick days would also allow neurodivergent academics to autonomously manage their conditions along their work-life balance. UDL principles can furthermore be brought into academic publishing in order to open scholarship to all groups: this can include, but is not limited to, the use of alternative communication in conferences (e.g., sign language, built-in text-to-speech), and alternative texts walking readers through models, figures and tables in publications (see Anstett et al., 2021 for an example). This would not only make scientific outputs more open to neurodivergent scholars, but simply to the broader neurodivergent community, who may wish to learn more about their condition(s), perhaps even to self-advocate. Finally, to further include the broader neurodivergent community, we also recommend seeking community-based partners to develop participatory research projects, and to compensate these partners for their consultation (i.e., to write their participation into grants/budgets). Including neurodivergent communities at all stages of research would not only promote their voices further, but would ensure that research questions are addressed with their perspectives in mind. A first effect of this, we argue, would be to reduce the use of ableist language in publications: while we encourage non-neurodivergent authors to make efforts on their own to use non-ableist language (see examples in Bottema-Beutel et al., 2021 - specific to autism research but generalizable to all neurominorities), the inclusion of neurodivergent communities in research projects would support this further, allowing not only draft manuscripts but also, for example, press releases and other similar communications, to be reviewed for sensitivity. At the other end of the research cycle, another way to support the reduction of ableist language in publications is for editorial boards to recruit and compensate reviewers from neurodivergent communities, in the same way that the British Medical Journal now seeks pre-publication reviews not only from academics and medical practitioners, but also from the wider community; this should be particularly true of journals focusing on neurodivergence (e.g., we note that such a mechanism does not seem to exist at the Journal of Attention Disorders, Journal of Fluency Disorder). Finally, the requirement to have a community involvement statement (such as seen in, e.g. Autism) in every paper is a good research practice to include in academic journals about neurodivergence.ConclusionTo conclude, science is in service to the people, however not all people are treated equally. The lived experience of neurodiversity is rarely discussed but is still stigmatised and discriminated against within the current structure of academia. As a result, not all neurodivergent individuals encounter the same opportunities as the authors of this manuscript, but instead experience frustrations that result in burnout, impacts on their mental health, and often leads to exclusion from academia. Neurodivergent individuals have been marginalised in so many ways that opportunities to ensure their lives improve have been missed. While we cannot change what has happened in the past, this position statement aims to be the first step to ameliorate the toxic, exclusionary Ivory Tower known as academia. Readers, especially those in power (e.g., White, male, cisgender, affluent, able-bodied, neurotypical), can identify and implement concrete steps to offer a constructive dialogue within their research group, discipline, department and program and ensure their neurodivergent colleagues can thrive, not just survive. In psychological science and OSch, there is a broad discussion regarding social justice, equity, diversity and inclusion, however a position statement will not suffice to adequately resolve these matters. This conversation requires dedicated and self-reflective individuals, who want to produce ongoing actions to enable sustained and meaningful changes that will impact culture, and hopefully, wider society. These provisions need to continue post-pandemic because we cannot return back to normalcy, as the conversation about disability, race, language, gender and sexuality has truly started (see Figure 1). Ghai (2021) noted that “[W]e have a huge opportunity to not only advance our science but also to equitably serve all of humanity” (p. 2), and to further this point, we hope, and truly believe, that science and OSch are capable to complete this task, ensuring that the name of OSch is truly open. DisclosureParts of the manuscript are based on an Educators’ Corner on navigating Open Scholarship for neurodivergent researchers published at FORRT’s blog (Elsherif et al., 2022; https://forrt.org/educators-corner/010-neurodiversity). We wrote this Position Statement with reference to that piece but expanded on several topics and made substantial changes and additions.Statement of AuthorshipWe represent a diverse range of abilities, class, cultures, ethnicities, genders, races, and sexualities, but we also recognise that our experiences do not encompass all lived experiences within the fields of sciences. AcknowledgmentsWe are a group of neurodivergent and neurotypical academics at diverse career stages, which also means that some of us are in more privileged positions and can publicly self-identify as neurodivergent, along with their other identities. Therefore in this section, some of us will publicly present how they each identify, but we want to remind our readers that no assumption should be drawn about other authors who chose not to self-identify below.We would like to thank Tamara Kalandadze, Liwen Bing, and Max Gattie for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe: I am a white French non-binary AFAB (pronouns: she/they), who was diagnosed as ADHD/ADHC-Combined (both Hyperactive and Inattentive) as an adult, after completing all my studies. The period, country and working class origins I grew up in had little, if any, discussion of ADHD/ADHC, and even when I started studying psychology in France in the 2000s, the condition was still stereotypically presented as a male one, mainly expressed through physical hyperactivity. Even after my daughter was diagnosed with ADHD/ADHC, I kept attributing my difficulties to my presumed own flawed traits for a while. Only letting go of that stereotype, thanks to conversation with, and reading about, women and AFAB with ADHD/ADHC, was I able to learn about myself and receive diagnosis. Also a first-generation higher education graduate with a non-traditional path post-high school, I was still able to benefit from buffers to the effects of my ADHD/ADHC, through white privilege and growing up in a country with great social security.Jenny Mai Phan (she/her/hers): Jenny is Asian American with Vietnamese ancestry, bilingual, a child of immigrant parents, and a first generation college graduate. Jenny openly identifies as autistic and neurodivergent and was diagnosed as an adult after recognizing autistic traits within herself from her children receiving a diagnosis of Autism. She attributes her late diagnosis to lack of access to a licensed psychologist who can diagnose adults with developmental conditions and to her family’s lack of awareness about developmental conditions and female presentation of autism, low SES background, minimal English communication, and pressure to assimilate in a new country. After her diagnosis, she is learning to be a better self-advocate and expanding her comfort zone with disclosure of her neurodivergence.Flavio Azevedo (he/him/his) is a Brazilian immigrant ensuing from a low-SES background and experienced extreme poverty. He is also a first generation university graduate. He was able to start his Bachelor in Psychology, at the age of 26, via a special program aiming to make higher-education accessible to older, uneducated, and economically disadvantaged populations. Flavio was informally referred to as a child/teen with learning disabilities in schools by educators but only well into his adulthood he was formally diagnosed as ADHD/ADHC and Dyslexia during his masters for constantly needing more time to finish his exams. Flavio now identifies as a neurodivergent early-career scholar.Mahmoud Elsherif (we/they): We are an Arab non-binary AMAB who uses we/they pronouns. They are an Arabic Egyptian Muslim, multilingual, child of immigrant parents, and a first generation university graduate. Mahmoud openly identifies as DCD/DCC. Their diagnosis was around adolescence and is privileged that this occurred during this time, as otherwise it would have been a late diagnosis. My family lacked awareness about neurodevelopmental conditions, had a strongly negative view about disability within Middle Eastern, North African and Turkish (MENAT) countries, low SES background, minimal English communication, and pressure to be culturally aware of the English culture. John J Shaw (He/Him/His) is a white first-generation academic from a working-class background in the north of England. John was diagnosed with ADHD/ADHC-c and DCD/DCC at the end of the PhD aged 24 after a chance meeting with an ADHD/ADHC-c researcher at a conference who upon seeing him struggle encouraged him to contact different GP and see about a diagnosis. Although always struggling to some level academically and labelled an underachiever, when the topic of potential ADHD/ADHC-c came up this was never taken seriously under the premise that he was doing “fine” for someone from his background.Declarations of Conflicting InterestsWe have no competing interests to declare.FundingThis position statement was supported by the Society for Improvement in Psychological Science Grant-in-aid.ReferencesAczel, B., Szaszi, B., & Holcombe, A. O. (2021). A billion-dollar donation: estimating the cost of researchers’ time spent on peer review. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 6(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-021-00118-2 Ajdacic-Gross, V., Rodgers, S., Müller, M., von Känel, R., Seifritz, E., Castelao, E., Strippoli, M-P.F., Vandeleur, C., Preisig, M., & Howell, P. (2020). Hay fever is associated with prevalence, age of onset and persistence of stuttering. 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Examples of neurodiversity are displayed as 13 smaller circles overlapping the neurodiversity circle. The neurodiversity examples listed are Developmental Co-ordination Disorder/Condition, Personality Disorders/Conditions, Developmental Language Disorder/Condition, Bipolar Disorder/Condition, Anxiety and Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder/Condition, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder/Condition, Autism, Stuttering and Cluttering, Tourette’s syndrome and Tics, Panic Disorders/Conditions, Neurotypicality, Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia. The outermost ring of the neurodiversity circle has 9 circles providing examples of identities which can intersect. They read: (dis)ability and mental health, socio-economic status, language and citizenship, gender and sexuality, religion and culture, caring duties, race and ethnicity, age, and body size. The neurodiversity circle is linked by a ring to 2 other circles, social justice, and open scholarship. The social justice circle is pink and has 6 central tenets shown as smaller circles labelled as individuals, community, equity, equality, recognition, and redistribution. The shared values of social Justice and neurodiversity are labelled as justice, integrity, and perspective. The open scholarship circle is blue and has 6 examples shown as broader perspectives, FAIR data, citizen science, research integrity, open access and inclusive culture. The shared values of open scholarship with neurodiversity are community, openness, and innovation. The shared values of social justice and open scholarship are fairness, equity and accessibility, Universal design is shown as a yellow circle linked to social justice and open scholarship and overlapping with the outer identity ring.Supplementary Table 1.Glossary of key terms and concepts related to Open Scholarship, Neurodiversity, Social Justice and Universal Design.Note. The synonyms are a combination of our personal experiences and the literature. Supplementary Table 2.Authors’ Examples of Negative Disclosure and/or Sharing Experiences regarding Personal Identity and/or Experiences of Neurodiversity (adapted with reference to Victor et al., 2022 supplementary section).Trigger Warning: The following vignettes contain materials that may be harmful or traumatising to some audiences. Please have a look at the keywords first before reading each vignette.Note. Examples have been de-identified, pseudo-randomised, and lightly edited for clarity.Supplementary Table 3.Authors’ Examples of Positive Disclosure, Sharing Experiences and/or examples of neuro-inclusive practices/accommodations regarding Personal Identity and/or Experiences of Neurodiversity (adapted with reference to Victor et al., 2022 supplementary section).Note. Examples have been de-identified, pseudo-randomised, and lightly edited for clarity.Supplementary Figure 2 with extended figure descriptionThe Academic Wheel of Privilege is based on twenty identity types spanning seven categories: living and culture, caregiving, education and career, gender and sexuality, race, health and wellbeing and childhood and development. These identity types are shown as circles connected to three concentric rings (outer, middle and inner) of “identity” circles with increasing privilege as you go towards the centre. The effect of the concentric rings makes it appear like a funnel – the closer you get to the centre the more you’re likely to spiral into more privilege. For further explanation of categories and identities see Supplementary Table 4. We used the academic wheel of privilege to determine authorship order in this manuscript based on points with each identity weighted equally. The maximum “points” is 60, representing the most privilege/least marginalisation. Those with a lower privilege score were prioritised in the authorship order. Identities in the outer ring of circles equal 1 point, middle ring of circles equals 2 points and inner ring of circles represent 3 points. The identities circles read from least to most privileged are: skin colour: dark, various shades, White. Neurodiversity: multiply neurodivergent some neurodivergence, neurotypical. Mental health: vulnerable, mostly stable, robust. Disability: multiply disabled, some disability, able bodied. Body size: large, average, slim. Caregiver educational level: primary coma secondary, tertiary. Childhood household wealth: poor, middle class, rich. Childhood household stability: unstable, mostly stable, stable. religion and culture: not widely accepted, usually accepted, widely accepted. Citizenship: undocumented, documented, citizen. language: non-English monolingual, learned English, English. Current wealth: poor, middle class, rich. Housing: homeless, renting, owns property. caring duties: sole care, shared care, no care. Funding/resources: none/ very low, medium, high. career stage: early career, mid-career, late career. institution: teaching intensive, equal teaching and research, research intensive. Formal education: none, limited, degree(s). gender: (trans, non-binary, intersex), cis woman, cis man. Sexuality: (lesbian, bi, pan, asexual), gay man, heterosexual. The centre of the wheel of privilege shows a large circle with the text academic wheel of privilege. The identities listed here are a subset and are by no means exhaustive. Adapted from Sylvia Duckworth.Supplementary Table 4.Definitions of categories and identities in the Academic Wheel of Privilege. Note. The definitions are a combination of our personal perspectives and the literature.\n\nWhat are some of the key issues and barriers faced by neurodivergent individuals in academia?"}